HERITAGE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

ECE DEPARTMENT

ASSOCIATED MINDS WITH THIS SEMINAR---

SANKHADEEP MULLICK (0952102)

KAUSHIK MONDAL (0952100)

DHRUBOJYOTI NATH (095299) KAUSTAV SANYAL (0952101) NURTURED & GUIDED BY--
MR. SHIB SHANKAR BHOWMICK
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

ECE DEPARTMENT

ORIGIN OF GSM
IT WAS CREATED IN ORDER TO DEVELOP
THE EUROPEAN STANDARD FOR VOICE TELEPHONY.

CEPT IN EUROPE FIRST CREATED THE

(GROUPE SPECIAL MOBILE OR GSM ) COMMITTEE TO STUDY & DEVELOP THE EUROPEAN MOBILE SYSTEM.
MEMORANDUM TO DEVELOP A COMMON CELLULAR TELEPHONIC SYSTEM IN EUROPE. RESERVED FOR GSM IN EUROPE. IN 1991 1ST GSM CALL WAS MADE BY FINLAND PRIME MINISTER. IN 1993 TELECOM AUSTRALIA CREATED THERE OWN GSM NETWORK. IN 1995 FAX , DATA, SMS WAS USED IN THE 1900MHZ BAND OF GSM. IN 1996 PRE-PAID GSM SIM CARDS WAS LAUNCHED. IN 1998 WORLDWIDE GSM USERS CROSSED 10 MILLION.

13 EUROPEAN COUNTRIES SIGNED

IN 1986 900MHZ SPECTRUM BAND WAS

THE FIRST GSM LOGO USED BY CEPT ( EUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF POSTAL & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ADMINISTRATION )

GSM BAND

GSM USES COMBINATION OF FDMA & TDMA TECHNIQUES. IT USES (890-915)MHZ & (935-960)MHZ SPECTRUM BAND WITH A BANDWIDTH OF

50MHZ. USING FDMA THE BAND IS DIVIDED INTO 125 CHANNELS & BY TDMA EACH CHANNEL IS SUB DIVIDED INTO 8 TIME SLOTS. FREQUENCY REUSE CONCEPT WAS DEVELOPED BY BELL Labs IN WHICH AREAS ARE SUBDIVIDED IN RADIO ZONES OR CELLS . EACH CELL HAS ITS OWN SUBSET OF FREQUENCIES BUT AFTER A FIXED DISTANCE THE FREQUENCY IS AGAIN REUSED. HANDOVER IS A TECHNIQUE USED TO AUTOMATICLY CHANGE THE CHANNEL WHEN MOVING FROM ONE CELL TO OTHER.

GSM ARCHITECTURE
THE ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
WHICH CONTROLS THE GSM NETWORK IS CALLED PLMN ( PUBLIC LAND MOBILE NETWORK ). EACH PLMN HAS MANY LOCAL AREA (LA) & EACH LA HAS MANY CELLS. EACH CELL HAS ONE BTS. THESE SEVERAL BTS ARE CONNECTED TO A BSC. THESE BSC ARE CONTROLLED BY A MSC. CALL ROUTING TO OTHER NETWORK ARE DONE BY GMSC (GATEWAY MSC). HLR , VLR , AUC , EIR ARE USED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE PURPOSE OF THE USERS.

DETAILED VIEW OF GSM NETWORK

GSM System Architecture

BSC MS BTS

PSTN ISDN PDN

MSC
GMSC

BTS MS BTS MS

BSC VLR EIR AUC HLR

GSM NETWORK HIERARCHY

GSM NETWORK

MOBILE STATION

BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM

NETWORK OPERATION & & SWITCHING SUPPORT SUBSYSTEM SUBSYSTEM

DATA INFRASTRUC -TURE

MOBILE PHONES & SIM

BTS & BSC

MSC,HLR & VLR

9

AUC,EIR & OMC

10

PSTN,ISDN & PDN

11

SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MODULE (SIM CARD )

SIM CARD IS KNOWN AS ( SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MODULE ). SIM CARDS ARE SMART PROCESSOR CARD HAVING A PROCESSOR & SMALL
MEMORY USED TO STORE NOS. & SMS. IT IS USED TO IDENTIFY THE SUBSCRIBER TO THE SYSTEM & USED FOR SECURITY INFORMATION BY OPERATOR. IT HAS THE INTERNATIONAL MOBILE SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY ( IMSI ) NO. WHICH IS STORED IN SIM CARD SECURED MY SERVICE PROVIDER. MOBILE SUBSCRIBER ISDN NUMBER (MSISDN ) WHICH IS THE 10 DIGIT MOBILE NO. KNOWN TO THE WORLD.

MOBILE SUBSCRIBER ISDN NO.(MSISDN)

+91-9845062050
+ PREFIX FOR INTERNATIONAL DIALING LIKE ( 00=UK)(01=USA) 91COUNTRY CODE ALLOTTED BY ITU 98NATIONAL DESTINATION CODE GIVEN BY TRAI (94-BSNL &

98-FOR OTHER OPERATOR)

45IT IS THE OPERATOR CODE SET BY THE SERVICE PROVIDER 062050IT IS THE SUBSCRIBER NO. SET BY OPERATOR.

GSM NETWORK HIERARCHY

GSM NETWORK

MOBILE STATION

BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM

NETWORK OPERATION & & SWITCHING SUPPORT SUBSYSTEM SUBSYSTEM

DATA INFRASTRUC -TURE

MOBILE PHONES & SIM

BTS & BSC

MSC,HLR & VLR

9

AUC,EIR & OMC

10

PSTN,ISDN & PDN

11

10

BTS AND BSC

BTS IS CALLED THE BASE
TRANSCEIVER STATION WHICH IS PRESENT IN EACH CELL. IT HAS THE RADIO TRANSMITTER & RECEIVER THAT DEFINES A CELL & ITS RADIO LINK PROTOCOLS. BSC IS CALLED THE BASE STATION CONTROLLER WHICH CONNECTS MANY BTS UNDER IT. BSC IS THE LINK BETWEEN BTS & MOBILE SWITCHING CENTER ( MSC ). BSC CONTROLS THE HANDOVER BETWEEN CELLS.

BTS & BSC CONNECTIONS

GSM NETWORK HIERARCHY

GSM NETWORK

MOBILE STATION

BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM

NETWORK OPERATION & & SWITCHING SUPPORT SUBSYSTEM SUBSYSTEM

DATA INFRASTRUC -TURE

MOBILE PHONES & SIM

BTS & BSC

MSC,HLR & VLR

9

AUC,EIR & OMC

10

PSTN,ISDN & PDN

11

12

MSC , HLR & VLR

HLR VLR

THE NETWORK SYSTEM IS CONTROLLED BY SS7 USED FOR TRUNK

SIGNALING IN ISDN & PUBLIC NETWORKS. MOBILE SWITCHING CENTER ( MSC ) ALONG WITH HOME

LOCATION REGISTER (HLR) & VISITOR LOCATION REGISTER (VLR) PROVIDES CALL ROUTING & ROAMING CAPABILITIES OF GSM.
ALONG WITH AUTHENTICATION DATA. VLR STORES TEMPORARY DATA OF EACH USER WHENEVER REQUIRED & THE GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF MOBILE IS DETERMINED BY VLR. HLR & VLR LINK TO MSC

HLR HAS ALL THE INFO ABOUT EACH SUBSCRIBER IN THAT NETWORK

GSM NETWORK HIERARCHY

GSM NETWORK

MOBILE STATION

BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM

NETWORK OPERATION & & SWITCHING SUPPORT SUBSYSTEM SUBSYSTEM

DATA INFRASTRUC -TURE

MOBILE PHONES & SIM

BTS & BSC

MSC,HLR & VLR

9

AUC,EIR & OMC

10

PSTN,ISDN & PDN

11

14

OMC , EIR & AUC

OPERATION & MAINTENANCE CENTER ( OMC ) IS CONNECTED TO

VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF NETWORK SYSTEM & ALSO CONTROLS THE TRAFFIC LOAD OF BASE STATION. OMC MAINTAINS THE COMPONENTS LIKE MSC,BSC GMSC etc. EQUIPMENT IDENTITY REGISTER (EIR) IS A DATABASE HAVING ALL DATA ABOUT MS IDENTIFIED BY IMEI NO. AUTHENTICATION CENTER (AUC) IS RESPONSIBLE FOR AUTHENTICATION OF A SUBSCRIBER STORES THE SECRET NO. OF EVERY USERS SIM CARD NO. AUC IS USED TO VERIFY USERS IDENTITY BY THE OPERATOR.

GSM NETWORK HIERARCHY

GSM NETWORK

MOBILE STATION

BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM

NETWORK OPERATION & & SWITCHING SUPPORT SUBSYSTEM SUBSYSTEM

DATA INFRASTRUC -TURE

MOBILE PHONES & SIM

BTS & BSC

MSC,HLR & VLR

9

AUC,EIR & OMC

10

PSTN,ISDN & PDN

11

16

PSTN , ISDN & PDN

THE GATEWAY MSC (GMSC ) IS
THE LINK BETWEEN THE MOBILE NETWOK & PUBLIC SWITCHED

TELEPHONE NETWORK ( PSTN ).

PSTN IS USED TO CONNECT THE

MOBILE TO THE FIXED LANDLINES. PSTN ALSO SERVES AS THE DATA PACKET TRANSFER BETWEEN SERVER & INTERNET USER.

PUBLIC DATA NETWORK (

PDN) IS USED FOR DATA
COMMUNICATION BETWEEN MOBILE & INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER.

INTEGRATED SYSTEM

DIGITAL NETWORK ( ISDN )

IS USED FOR INTERNATIONAL CALLING PURPOSE.

Incoming Call

1. Calling a GSM subscribers 2. Forwarding call to GSMC 3. Signal Setup to HLR 4. 5. Request MSRN from VLR 6. Forward responsible MSC to GMSC 7. Forward Call to current MSC 8. 9. Get current status of MS 10.11. Paging of MS 12.13. MS answers 14.15. Security checks 16.17. Set up connection

Outgoing Call
1. MS sends dialled number to
BSS 2. BSS sends dialled number to MSC 3,4 MSC checks VLR if MS is allowed the requested service.If so,MSC asks BSS to allocate resources for call. 5 MSC routes the call to GMSC 6 GMSC routes the call to local exchange of called user 7, 8, 9,10 Answer back(ring back) tone is routed from called user to MS via GMSC,MSC,BSS