ANTIMICROBIAL

By, Krishnavaathi Muniandy 012011100086

DEFINITION
Antimicrobial - An agent that kills microorganisms or
suppresses their multiplication or growth.

Resistance - Ability of a microorganism to resist the

effects of an antimicrobial agent.

Sensitivity test An in vitro test of the effectiveness

of selected antibacterial agents against bacteria recovered from a patient.

CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL
Types of organism against which primarily active Mechanism of action
Spectrum of activity Type of action

Chemical Structure

CLASSIFICATION

Antibiotics are obtained from

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
Sulfonamides and related drugs : Sulfadiazine,
Paraaminaosalicyclic (PAS)

Diaminopyrimidines : Trimethoprim, Pyrimethamine Quinolones : Nalidixic aid, Norfloxain lactam antibiotics: Penicilins, Cephalosporins Tetracyclines : Oyetracycline, Doxycycline Nicotinic acid derivatives : Isoniazid, Ethionamide Polyene antibiotics : Nystatin , Hamycin Nitrobenzene derivative : Chloramphenicol

 Aminoglycosides : Streptomcyin, Gentamicin

Macrolide antibiotics : Erythomycin, Roxithromycin

Polypepetide antibiotics : Colistin, Bacitracin

Nitrofun derivatives : Nitrofurantoin, Furazolidone

Nitroimidazoles : Metronidazole, Tinidazole

Nicotinic acid derivatives : Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide

Others : Rifampin, Lincomycin, Clindamycin

TYPE OF ORGANISMS WHICH PRIMARILY ACTIVE

Antibacterial

Penicilins Aminoglycosides

Antifungal

Griseofulvin AmphotericinB

TYPE OF ORGANISMS WHICH PRIMARILY ACTIVE

Antiviral

Idoxuridine Acyclovir

Antiprotozoal

Chloroquine Pyrimethamine

Anthelmintic

Mebendazole Pyrantel

SPECTRUM OF ACTIVITY
Narrow Spectrum : Penicilin G, Streptomycin Erthromycin
Broad Spectrum : Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol

TYPE OF ACTION
Primarily Bacteriostatic : Sulfanamide, Tetracyclines
Primarily Bactericidal : Penincilins, Aminoglycosides

ANTIBIOTICS ARE OBTAINED FROM

Fungi : Penicilin, Cepholosporin Bacteria : Polymyxin B, Colistin

Actinomycetes : Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines