Microwave Planing Training Guide

Security Level: Internal
Microwave planning (Using Pathlossv4)

Training guide
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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pathloss preparations_map
What is the SRTM? SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) is a type of digital map. SRTM obtained elevation data on a near-global scale to generate the most complete high-resolution digital topographic database of Earth. How to get it? There are 2 methods: ftp://e0srp01u.ecs.nasa.gov/srtm Use the download manager to help you in download you can get it from that link: http://www.freedownloadmanager.org/ The best way to select the region you want to download files for it: We can use that site http://cartographic.com/.to select the area we need to download
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To upload the SRTM files for pathloss: Choose Configure----Terrain database you will find the shown screen From primary menu choose SRTMASTER
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After that click on the button setup primary you will find the shown page From file menu choose BIL-SRTM HGT,ASTER TIF You will find your pc browse your pc for the SRTM files and upload them to the pathloss
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pathloss preparations_coordinates
Coordinate appears in two common formats: 1-Decimal Format like 12.345678 N 2-Degree minutes second Format like 13 05 20.80 N How to convert from the second type to decimal format ? To convert the above second type to decimal we do the following: 13+(05/60)+(20.80/3600) which equal 13.089111111 in Decimal
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Microwave planning stages

Microwave planning consists of three main stages: 1-Entering link coordinates and generating the link profile and then determine antenna heights. 2-Creating the worksheet for the link according to the customer KPI or Huawei KPI 3-Making Frequency interference calculations
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How to enter coordinates to pathloss

1-we can entering coordinates for sites needs to be planned from the excel sheet for it as follows: first open the coordinates excel sheet and save it as CSV(comma delimited) file as the shown Open the pathloss and press Ctrl+N Or you can choose module----Network In network page choose site data---site list ,you can find the site list screen
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First stage_ Sites input

Press import and then site text file you will find that table Put the colum number of the sites name in the excel sheet beside site name in the pathloss table(column no 1 in our example Repeat that for latitude and longitude column no(col2 for long and 3 for latitude Then press import button from pathloss table and attach your saved comma delimited file for coordinates then press ok you will have the pathloss screen for sites names and coordinates
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First Stage_Network
Close the previous menu you will find the map for all the sites in the excel sheet as you can see here you can connect the sites together by clicking the NE and drag to the other site Connect all sites together according to the plan
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First stage_Terrain data
we will start configure link by link Left click by mouse on the first link and choose(Terrain Data) the shown screen will appear Choose operation-----Generate profile The pathloss will draw the link terrain data between the two sites
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First stage_Terrain data
You can add any obstacle you got from the survey by double clicking on the structure column you will find the shown You can choose single structure or range of structures according to your obstacle
For example if you have range of structures after you click range you will get the shown menu So you can modify the height for your obstacle , the start and end of the obstacle range in KM
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First stage_Antenna height
After that you can choose Module----Antenna height

Before you calculate the minimum height for LOS you have to calculate minimum K as follows: From antenna height page choose operation---minimum k you will find the shown page so you can find the minimum K included in it
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First stage_Antenna height

After that choose operation----clearance criteria you will find the shown page put the frequency you use in the bottom of the table Add the minimum K you got from previous slide to second K criteria in the table Adjust all other values as shown Press ok after that you can calculate the minimum height for the antenna In general links less than 20 km the minimum K can be taken as 0.67 without calculations so you can click on the calculator symbol to get the minimum height needs for line of sight and you click to change the heights of the antenna
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First stage_Print profile

After that you can choose module----print profile to confirm that the lowest fresnel zone is above the highest obstacle as the shown profile
As we can see in the figure there are three layers for the earth the top one is for minimum k and when we go down layer by layer the K factor becomes larger till we reach infinity at the earth surface
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First Stage_K factor values

For the Regular(K factor):
If K=4/3 the fresnel zone f1 should be more than 100%(for main antenna) If Kmin=2/3, f1 should be more than 60% (for main antenna) If K=4/3 the fresnel zone f1 should be more than 60%(for SD antenna) If Kmin=2/3, f1 should be more than 30% (for SD antenna)
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First Stage_Diffraction
Diffraction calculations From Module menu Choose Diffraction You will find the shown page From configure menu choose Edit K list from the shown menu add the Value for Minimum K you got before
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From the bottom tool bar double click on TR-TR you will find the shown menu You have three choices in that menu to calculate: 1-Diffraction for the main antenna 2-Diffraction for the two SD antennas in both sites of the link
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Choose the first choice and click ok
After that click on the Calculator symbol to calculate the value of the Diffraction for the main antenna you can find the shown menu IF the value of the diffraction Loss is Zero so it is ok no Diffraction If there is value so you have to raise the antenna to decrease that value to zero Repeat the above for the two SD antenna and Raise the SD antennas if needed to make the Diffraction loss equal Zero
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First Stage_Reflection
Adjusting Reflection loss
We have to decrease the Reflection loss to be less than 10ns Choose Module ------- Reflection then choose Define Plane you will find the shown page Make right click then left click and right click again on the start of the profile in the previous page then do that again at the end of the profile to calculate the reflection for all the path you will find the shown page The delay should be less than 10 ns If it is more than 10ns we have to change antenna height till we adjust it Also we if the previous way did not adjust the reflection we have to add SD antenna to adjust the reflection
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Second stage_Worksheet
Creating the work sheet: 1-Choose Module----Work sheet You will find the worksheet page as you can see below:
A-First left click on the rain icon and choose rain area according to maps of rain using ITU 7/8 also choose the link polarization vertical or horizontal
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Second stage(Rain Map)
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Second stage_dn/dh calculations(Reliability Method ITU-R P.530-7/8)

B-(in case of ReliabilityITU-R P.530-7/8 )Then choose the Geoclim factor dn/dh by checking the four maps one by one to take the worst month value from the four maps and write it in the page seen below.
Also from print profile you can know the height for the terrain for the link(elevation) to choose the suitable option from the menu as that affect the availability Put the field margin to 1db it is a margin for installation team
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Example for one of the four maps for Gradient factor(dn/dh)February map
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Second stage_How to Check the dn/dh maps

We search in that map by the coordinate for the link As the horizontal axe indicates east and west The vertical axe indicates north and south So for example if we check the coordinate 13 05 20.80 N and 029 27 33.73 E means we will take 27 in the right hand of the middle zero on the horizontal axe and intersect it with 13 above the middle zero on the vertical axe so we can find the point for our dn/dh from that map which is a number We should repeat that for the other three maps(May-August-November) and choose the worst value(the biggest one) We do the same way to choose the Rain area from the rain map using link coordinate but here there is only one map The value here is a letter means : Rain area C (like Egypt) or Area E(like Sudan)
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Second stage_Equipment selection

Choose the equipment as you can see here -From code index you can get the equipment folder from your PC. 3-Huawei has five IDUs for RTN900: IF1 for TDM traffic IFU2 for hybrid traffic(IP and TDM) IFX2 for hybrid and support XPIC ISU2 for package traffic ISX2 for package traffic and support XPIC
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Second stage_ODU selection

After you choose the IDU type you will find each IDU support three types of ODU:
1-HP
2-SP 3-SPA
4-XMC1
5-XMC2
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Second stage_Antenna selection

You can choose the antenna by left click on it and choose antenna folder from your pc
We change the antenna diameter according to customer KPI(to achieve the KPI)
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Second stage_KPI WITH ITU-R P530-7/8

Customer KPI( in case we use reliability method ITU-R P.530-7/8) are: Example for KPI in this case: 1-Availability(most of time it needs to be 99.999 for rain and multipath and the total one 2-Fadmargin should be more than or equal to 30db for PDH and more than or equal to 35db in SDH 3-May be customer ask for specific received signal
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Second stage_ KPI FOR KQ S(1.3)
In case we use Reliability method KQ S (1.3) the worksheet result will be as shown. Example for KPI in this case: 1-the WORST MONTH SESR should be less than 10^-6 and so the seconds/month should less than 20 seconds The Fade Margin should be more than 30db in PDH and more than 35 db in SDH The Minutes /Year should less than 3 minutes in PDH and less than 0.5 minute in SDH
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Second stage_Roughness factor calculations

In that case when we use Reliability method KQ.S(1.3) we do not need the dn/dh here we need to define the Roughness Factor as follows: From the worksheet double click on the path between the two sites you will have the shown menu
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Second stage_Roughness factor calculations

Choose Rough from the previous menu you will have the shown page (from laptop)Click home button+f1 then click end button+f1 you will find that the program counted the Roughness factor for that link which indicates the terrain height for the link That Factor affect the SESR for the link as for links have high Roughness it has good SESR
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Second stage_KQ factor calculations
After calculating the Roughness factor from the previous page we should Calculate the KQ factor to complete filling for the same menu of the Roughness factor To calculate the KQ factor use the shown table and by choosing the suitable choice from the shown four according to your area We only take the value beside the Character S which indicates the KQ value and we put it in the pathloss For example for the first choice the KQ factor is 4.1E-5 we enter it only like that to pathloss and the same for the other three choices
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Second stage_KQ factor calculations

From the previous table you should take the values for B and C which exist at the top of the table and put it at pathloss
We put that two values at the Reliability menu in the shown marked two boxes the KQ Frequency exponent take the b value and the KQ Distance exponent take the c value
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Second Stage_losses calculations

All types of losses should be included in the work sheet:
Connector loss should be 0.5 db for each site as shown we add the waveguide loss in Txline loss above the connector loss as the shown here
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Second Stage_losses calculations

Waveguide loss we add that loss when the ODU not directed connected to the antenna so we add it when we use single polarization separate or dual polarization antenna and it is different according to frequency band we use as shown You can find the tables of Waveguide losses for different Vendors as follows:
single polarization separate is used when the frequency is 6G or the antenna diameter is bigger than 1.8m
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Second stage_losses
Coupler loss
When we use HSB protection for( 1+1 )system one of the coupler side has 1.7 db loss and the other side is 6.7 db loss so we add 1.7 for each site as we consider the working ODU
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Second stage_losses
IF we use NEC 5000S Long haul system the branching losses should be as shown for 64 QAM,the losses shown for each case for both sites of the link so we divide it for each site We use that table in case of ACAP(Adjacent channel Alter polarization) which means we use different polarization for adjacent channels if channel 1 is vertical so channels2 should be horizontal Also please note that when we have system 1+3 for example so we consider it as one sys (1+1) and another sys 2+0 so we take the losses for 2+0 from the shown table and we do that for all cases take the high protection to choose the losses value Also for 1+3 Freq Channels here can be for example ch1,ch2,ch3,ch4 or ch1,ch3,ch4,ch5
ITEM
4GHZ
5GHZ
U6GHZ
8GHZ
11GHZ
GURANTEE D
BR CKT Loss *2, *3
(Circulator type)
1+0 (dB)
4.7
5.3
5.4
6.5
+1db
1+1 (dB)
5.1
5.7
5.8
8.3
+1db
1+2 (dB)
5.5
6.1
6.2
7.5
8.6
+1db
1+3 (dB)
5.8
6.5
6.6
8.9
+1db
1+4 (dB)
9.1
9.2
+1db
1+5 (dB)
9.5
+1db
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Second stage_losses
NEC 5000S branching circuit losses for 128 QAM Also all cases here are the same as the above page ITEM
BR CKT Loss *2, *3 (Circulator type)
4GHZ
5GHZ
L6GHZ
U6GHZ
7GHZ 8GHZ
GURAN TEED
1+0 (dB)
5.2
5.9
5.4
6.4
6.4
6.8
+1db
1+1 (dB)
5.6
6.3
5.8
7.3
+1db
1+2 (dB)
6.7
6.3
7.5
7.5
7.8
+1db
1+3 (dB)
6.3
7.1
6.6
8.3
+1db
1+4 (dB)
6.8
8.2
9.1
9.1
9.4
+1db
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Second stage_losses
That case when we use continuous channels(1,2,3,4) or uncontinuous channels ,also polarization here should be the same for all channels The above table for 64 QAM
The lower one for 128 QAM
1+3 (dB) 6 +1db GURANT EED
ITEM BR CKT Loss *2, *3

(Circulato r type)
4GHZ
5GHZ
U6GHZ
8GHZ
11GHZ
when the system configuration is less than 3+1, the loss for 5000s takes the loss of 3+1. When the system configuration is 4+1 to 6+1, the loss for 5000s takes the loss of 7+1.
1+7 (dB)
7.3
+1db
ITEM BR CKT Loss *2, *3 (Circulato r type) 1+3 (dB) 1+7 (dB)
4GHZ
5GHZ
L6GHZ
7GHZ
8GHZ
GURANT EED
6 7.3
+1db +1db
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Second stage_losses
For Adjacent channel co polarization(same polarization for the adjacent channels like ch1 and ch2) channels here must be continuous(1,2,3,4) only
For 64 QAM we have only one case we can use it which is (1+3) with 4GHZ Frequency Band and the losses here is 8.2
ITEM 4GHZ BR CKT Loss *2, *3 (Circulator type) 1+3 (dB) 8.2 5GHZ U6GHZ 8GHZ 11GHZ GURANTEED
+1db
And for 128 QAM there are two cases with the protection (1+3) one of them with 7GHZ has losses 9.1 and the other case with 8GHZ with losses 9.5 as shown in below table
ITEM 4GHZ BR CKT Loss *2, *3 (Circulator type) 1+3 (dB) 5GHZ L6GHZ U6GHZ 7GHZ 8GHZ GURANTEE D
9.1
9.5
+1db
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Second stage_losses
For 5000s using XPIC we use CCDP(co channel duplex polarization) which means we use two polarization for the same channel
So in the XPIC case if we have 2(2+1) for example that means we will take the losses for (2+1) system
when the ACCP system configuration is less than 3+1 in the table, for example 2+1, the loss for 5000s is the same as the one of 3+1.
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Second stage_5000s frequency

For the 5000S the frequency should be as the attached file
if 5000s is used, the frequency assignment must follow the table
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Second stage_losses
We add that losses to pathloss as shown here 7 GHZ(1+2) system
Also we add the same branching losses for the SD Antenna
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Second stage_losses
Feeder Loss When we use NEC 5000s we need to add the loss of the feeder which changes according to: Feeder length we add 15 meter to the height of the antenna when we calculate feeder length(or according to the distance between the tower and the 5000s equipment we can add the suitable length margin to the feeder) Also the feeder losses changes with the type of the feeder and the frequency band As you can see we add the feeder type and its total length also we add its loss/100m and so the pathloss gives you the total losses for that feeder
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Second stage_losses
For the loss of Elliptical Waveguide which used for 5000s is as the attached:
From the above attached word file we can know how to use the other attached file for calculating the Eliptical Waveguide loss for 5000s
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Second stage_XPIC
If we use XPIC ,IFX or ISX should be used. We got the shown menu from operation menu we choose cochannel XPD interference For the shown Menu we have to check that the values for the following three fields are automatically applied If not applied we have to apply them For the XPIF value: the XPIF value for RTN 900 according to that table For RTN600 only 128 QAM with 28M so all XPIF IS 17. For 5000S all XPIF is 19 For the Antenna, we check the XPD value for the antenna which is 30 to 40 db according to the antenna type
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Second stage_XPIC
We also open operation then reliability methods and then we check the checkbox co-channel operation as shown
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Second stage
How to add SD antenna From the worksheet choose Configure-----antenna configuration You will find the shown menu Choose the second option TRDRTRDR Press ok button you will find there is SD antenna added to the worksheet You can go to the antenna height page and configure the SD Antenna height Also from the worksheet you can choose the type of the SD Antenna
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Second stage_SD Antenna

When we need to use SD Antenna and at what Height we can put it? We use SD antenna to improve the SESR and the availability for the multipath and so to improve the link performance SD does not affect the Fade margin SD antenna should receive max signal at the minimum signal for the main Antenna and vice versa
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How to determine the height of the SD Antenna? The height of the SD Antenna should be choosed to improve the SESR or the Availability of the link Also we have to choose the height of the SD to achieve Max signal at the Main Antenna minimum signal and vice versa(for that we adjust the auto correlation from pathloss) Also we have to check the Diffraction for the SD height to ensure no Diffraction The optimum Separation between the Main and SD antenna for ideal auto correlation is 8meter But when every time we increase the separation between Main and SD the performance ,The SESR value and the availability improve So we have to match all the above items to determine SD Antenna Height
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Adjusting Auto correlation between Main And SD Antennas: First Define the reflection as we saw before from Define plane menu After that we adjust the Roughness from module menu we choose Reflection From Reflection page choose modify and from that menu choose Roughness you will got the above shown Page calculate Roughness as we saw before
Also from Reflection page from Variable menu choose Earth Radius factor as shown in the below picture
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You will find the shown menu Adjust the start earth radius factor(k) to 1.33 The End Earth radius factor to 3 Click on microwave antenna combination Button you will find the three option menu shown Choose the first(TR-TR) option and click ok You will find that site 1 antenna height and site2 antenna height adjusted automatically to the values in the antenna height sheet
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Click ok in the shown menu the pathloss will give you the curve for the received signal for the main antenna Repeat the above for the other two options(TR-DR) and(DR-TR) in the three option menu You will find the another two curves for the two SD Antennas for the link
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Change the SD or the main antenna heights in both sites till you reach the max for the two SD curves at the minimum for the main Antenna curve and vice versa as shown When you change the antenna heights you have also to check the link performance and the Diffraction cause all that factors should be ok at the same time
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Second stage_Worksheet Report

You can output the report by left click on Report--------Full Report and make print for it
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Second stage_System Configurations

System configuration cases: 1-(1+1) HSB 2- 2(1+1) HSB 3- 2(1+1) HSB with XPIC 4- (1+1) SD 5- 2(1+1) SD 6- 2(1+1) SD with XPIC 7- (1+1) FD 8- (2+1) FD 9- (3+1) FD 10- (4+0) FD
We have to check the below configuration before we make the worksheet to determine exactly what is our losses and how we can put our frequency channels.
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Hardware Configuration of the 1+1 HSB Protection for the IFH2 of the IDU 620 f1 f1 H
The IDU 620 supports one to two 1+1 HSB protection groups. One 1+1 HSB protection group uses one channel and consists of the following items: Two ODUs that are of the same type One hybrid coupler: The hybrid coupler can be balanced or unbalanced. Generally, the unbalanced hybrid coupler is used. One antenna One Freq channel with one polarization
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Hardware Configuration of the 2 (1+1) HSB Protection for the IFH2 of the IDU 620
Using Four ODUs of the same type

Two coupler(balanced or unbalanced) of the same type But we prefer to use unbalance coupler cause it is lower losses two freq channel with two different polarization One antenna Dual polarization
f1 H f1 V
f2 f2
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Hardware Configuration of the 2 (1+1) HSB Protection using XPIC for the IFH2 of the IDU 620
Using Four ODUs of the same type
f1
Two coupler(balanced or unbalanced) of the same type But we prefer to use balance coupler cause it is lower losses
f1
one freq channel with two different polarization
f1
One antenna Dual polarization with high XPD
f1
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Hardware Configuration of the 1+1 SD Protection for the IFH2 of the IDU 620 f1 H H f1
The IDU 620 supports one to two 1+1 SD protection groups. One 1+1 SD protection group uses one channel and consists of the following items: Two ODUs that are of the same type Two antennas Same Freq channel and same polarization
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Hardware Configuration of the 2(1+1) SD Protection for the IFH2 of the IDU 620
Four ODU of the same type
f1
Two antenna Two frequency channels with different polarization
f2
f1
f2
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Hardware Configuration of the 2(1+1) SD Protection using XPIC for the IFH2 of the IDU 620
Four ODU of the same type
f1
Two dual polarization antenna with high XPD One frequency channel with two polarization
f1
f1
f1
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Hardware Configuration of the 1+1 FD Protection for the IFH2 of the IDU 620 f1 f1 H H V f3 f2
The IDU 620 supports one to two 1+1 FD protection groups. One 1+1 FD protection group uses two channels and consists of the following items: Two ODUs: The two ODUs should work on different frequency channel .The other information about the two ODUs, however, must be consistent. One single polarization antenna (with one balanced hybrid coupler), as shown in the figure in the upper left corner with two freq channels(not adjacent channels) Or One dual polarization antenna with two different freq channel (can be adjacent)
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Hardware Configuration of the 2+1 FD Protection for the IFH2 of the IDU 620
three ODU of the same type cause we use the same Frequency band
One balanced coupler(no unbalance)
f1 f3
H V
f2
One dual polarization antenna as the above figure
Or two single polarization antenna as the below figure(not recommended for hardware and tower space)
f1 f3
three frequency channels the adjacent channels can not be the same polarization (distributed as shown)
f2
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Hardware Configuration of the 3+1 FD Protection for the IFH2 of the IDU 620
Four ODU of the same type cause we use the same Frequency band
Two balanced coupler(no unbalance)
f1 f3 f2
H V
One dual polarization antenna as the above figure

Or two single polarization antenna as the below figure(not recommended for hardware and tower space) Four frequency channels(not adjacent for the same polarization) distributed as shown
f4
f1
f3 f2 f4
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Hardware Configuration of the 4+0 FD for the IFH2 of the IDU 620 f1 Four ODU of the same type cause we H use the same Frequency band V f3
Two balanced coupler(no unbalance)
f2
f4
One dual polarization antenna as the above figure Or two single polarization antenna as the below figure(not recommended for hardware and tower space)
f1
f3
Four frequency channels(not adjacent for the same polarization) distributed as shown
f2 f4
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Second stage_Repeaters
Repeaters: We use repeaters when there is a problem in line of sight or the link distance is very big so we can not achieve our KPI so we need intermediate site to connect our target two sites(target link) We have two kinds of repeaters: 1-Active repeaters 2-passive repeaters
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Active repeaters:
We use that kind of repeaters when the distance between the two sites of the link which has a problem in LOS is big distance so we prefer to use that kind of repeaters cause we use complete site (use all antennas and equipment as normal site)so we achieve good performance That type is not preferred for the cost cause we build complete site In that case we get the coordinate for the Repeater site from the Google Earth program then make normal links as shown in the above pages
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Passive Repeaters:
There are three types of passive repeaters but we use only one type which is(Back To Back Antenna) In this type we dont need to make any indoors or equipment for the repeaters just the Antennas and make Back to Back connecton between both directions of the Repeater That type is preferred to make cost reduction But for long distance we will need more repeaters(Max no of repeaters is 3(three) So in the links have big distance we do not use that type
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How to make passive repeater using Pathloss:
First you have to add the coordinate of end sites and the repeater sites. We should make the path profile for all links(links between the repeaters sites and the end sites) Make all diffraction and reflection calculations using minimum K Add the equipment as we did before for the end sites and may be also for the repeaters For the repeater site you should use the same detail for that site for all its directions
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Creating the back to back passive repeater: Open the worksheet for one of the links related to the repeater Choose operation then create passive repeater
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You will find the shown menu which contains passive repeaters types Choose back to back antenna You will find your PC browse your PC for the PL4 file for the second passive link Repeat that if you have more than one repeater
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Click on the passive icon on the work sheet(P) You will find the shown passive data menu The passive gain of back to back antenna calculated as the sum of antenna gains minus the transmission line and connector loss
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The vertical angle is shown for reference only
If the antenna data is added when the individual link profile are created the data will be transferred to the previous page data entry menu
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How to make Repeaters using Google Earth program: First we have to enter the sites needs Repeater to Google earth using Huawei tool which manage us to upload large no of sites in fast and easy way to Google Earth program You have to change all coordinates to Decimal Format to upload it to that Form
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Open the Excel sheet for that tool and enter the project Name in the most left side of the sheet After that paste all the coordinates to that sheet Mark all that column Choose Macro and Then choose Run For that Macro You will find the KML file for all that sites saved automatically at the C partition for your PC Open the Google earth program and upload that KML file
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To add new site(Repeater site to Google Earth) Choose the yellow icon from the top tool bar which indicates(Add Place mark)
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After choosing the previous icon you will find the shown Menu opened Also you will find new icon for the new site appear Drag that new icon and drop it to the place you want to put it on Try to put the new Repeater at the minimum distance from the two sites needs to be connected cause that is better for links performance From the shown menu you can put the name for that new Repeater Also take the coordinate for that Repeater and add it to the Pathloss After that start to make design for the repeater with the existing sites using Pathloss
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Third stage(interference calculations)

Principles of selecting proper frequency bands: 1. Select proper frequency bands according to the frequency resources (licenses) owned by the carriers and the stipulations of local radio management committees. 2. Select proper frequency bands according to the characteristics of the designed networks and routes. For example, high-frequency bands are generally used for mobile networks.
3. Select proper frequency bands according to their characteristics. Low-frequency bands (L6G/U6G/7G/8G/11G) are suitable for long-distance links and high-frequency bands (13G/15G/18G/23G/26G/38G) are suitable for short-distance links.
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Due to the limited number of channels existing at low-frequency bands, interference tends to arise in the long-distance transmission.
High-frequency bands are suitable for high-speed data transmission and interference sustainable because there are many channels with broad bandwidth. High-frequency antennas feature high gains. Compared with low-frequency bands, high-frequency bands require small clearance. Towers with these antennas properly used can be lower than others
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Division of microwave frequency bands:
Frequency
4-7 GHz
Shift Frequencies (MHz) (T-R Spacing)

161, 154, 245
Use
Long-distance network backbones
8 GHz
126, 161, 154. 199, 266, 311
Long-distance network backbones
11-13 GHz 15 GHz 18 GHz 23 GHz 26 GHz 28 GHz 32 GHz
266 308, 420, 490, 315. 720, 728 340, 1092.5, 1008, 1010, 1560 600, 1050, 1232, 1008, 1200, 855, 1008 1008 812
Short and medium distance Short and medium distance Short and medium distance Short distance in urban areas Short distance in urban areas Short distance in urban areas Short distance in urban areas
38 GHz
700, 1260
Short distance in urban areas
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Principles of selecting proper microwave channels:
1. Try not to select the special frequency resources (licensed) used by other
carriers even if these frequency bands are not used in some areas (in case they may be used in the future). 2. If the planned microwave link features the same routing or parallel routing as another microwave link, it is recommended that the frequency band/channels different from those of the existing link are used. A different polarization mode should be configured even if the same channel is adopted as a result of the little interference and big margin proved by the calculation and analysis.
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Principles of selecting proper microwave channels:

3. If the angle between two interleaving routes is comparatively small (for example, smaller than 30 degrees), a different channel should be selected. If the angle is quite large (for example, larger than 60 degrees), the same channel can be used provided a different polarization mode is configured. The same channel with the same polarization mode can be used only when the angle is larger than 90 degrees. This is a generally adopted principle for microwave frequency planning. For different equipment, antenna configuration, or capacity, analysis should be made on the link accordingly.
4. In the design, the microwave link should be as far from the scatter communication station and the satellite communications earth station as possible. When the antenna of the microwave station is directed to the satellite orbit with a tolerance of 2 degrees, the frequency band of the communication satellite cannot be used.
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Example for the microwave frequency planning:
2H
1H
1V
1H
1V
1H
In frequency planning, reusing of frequency resources should be taken into account, the internal and external interference should be avoided, and the link quality should be enhanced. Polarization should alternate every other hop for the decrease of overreach interference. The polarization configured alternate every hop is conducive to the decrease of front-back interference upon the antenna.
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Two-frequency system and quadruple-frequency system used in microwave frequency planning:
For the 1+1 system or 2+0 system of the frequency diversity, the use of the twofrequency system can save the frequency resources, while the use of the quadruplefrequency system can decrease the internal and external interference and enhance the link quality. Whether to select the two-frequency system or the quadruple-frequency system depends on the interference within the planned microwave network system and the mutual interference between the microwave links to be established and the links existing in the system. Case 1: When the link to be established interleaves with an existing one, the two-frequency system can be used for the former provided the same system is used for the existing link, and a different channel should be selected in this case.
Existing link
Link to be established
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Case 2: When the link to be established interleaves with an existing one, the quadruplefrequency system can be used for the former provided the same system is used for the existing link. In this case, the neighboring links(with small angles) should have different channels.
Existing link Link to be established
Case 3: When the link to be established has a branch, the quadruple-frequency system should also be used for this branch.
2,4
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Case 4: When the link to be established forms a loop-line with quite small angles, the quadruplefrequency system should be selected.
Case 5: When the routing deflection angles are too great, but the angles of La and Lb are quite small, for example, smaller than 15 degrees, comparatively great overreach interference may occur if the twofrequency system is selected for Site A and Site D. Therefore, the quadruplefrequency system should also be used in this case. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
B A La 1,3 C 2,4
Lb
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Add the frequency for each channel and its polarization and channel ID and mention which site high and which low from the worksheet as you can see below Repeat that link by link for all links of the project When you choose frequency channels do not use the same channel for two links have separation angle less than or equal to 90 degree If you need to repeat the freq channel do that for angles more than 90 degree
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from module choose network you can find the map for all the links Choose configure------directories---microwave radio you can find your pc menu choose the location where you save the code file for the radio equipment you use for that project Repeat that to choose the place of antenna folder you use for the project
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Choose interference-----calculate interference you will find the below menu
you can use the configuration for that menu as you can see here Then click calculate to start calculate interference
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In the previous menu: 1-choosing coordination distance=200 km that means the program will calculate all interference comes from all distances till 200 km distance. so if we need to calculate interference from the same channel and same bandwidth we should put the Maximum freq separation=0 but if the bandwidth is different we take the biggest bandwidth as a separation so if we have 7MHZ,14MHZ,28MHZ we can put it 28 MHZ or any no more than 28 Interference comes from the adjacent channel can be neglected as we always take adjacent channels with different polarization 3-Default minimum interference level =-115 means we will count all interference values not less than that level 4-Thereshold Degradation=1 Means all cases have T.D more than one will be displayed in the interference report
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Choose interference-----reports----hi lo violation as you can see below
you will find the report for all links high and low violation status at any site all site should be high or should be low if one site contains some directions high and some low(has violation) you should check that report and fix all links violation after that recalculate interference again and check the violation to confirm it is ok.
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Also check the error log it should have no errors
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Choose interference-----reports-----cross reference
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You can find the report for interference contains the cases of interference exist
Compare each case T.D(threshold degradation) with the thereshold degradation for customer KPI All interference cases should have T.D less than or equal to the customer KPI T.D
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If the exist interference case T.D is bigger than the customer KPI T.D
Try to change polarization between the same channels for the two links have interference or try to change between channels for the same band between the two infected links Sometimes you need change the whole frequency band for the two infected links Also when we open ATPC interference decreases
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Sometimes we found that there are some interference cases that have T.D more than the required KPI and when we try to change polarization we can not fix it and may be we have no more frequency channels to change For that cases we can open the interference report for that case from pathloss and we check that two links which have problems together To check which site from the two links affect on which site After that we can try to make direct link between that two sites and check the Line Of Site May be we find that to achieve LOS between that two sites needs very high towers(may 200 meter in each site) means to achieve loss we need height more than the maximum tower heights for our project So that case not actual case cause the signal can not be transmitted Between the two sites cause there is no LOS between them
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If you add one new link and you want to calculate interference only for that link with all other links in the network do the following: From the network page left click on that link and open the worksheet for that link After that return to the network page again Choose interference then activate the checkbox which mention: Analyze(link name) only Then press calculate
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After every change you have to recalculate interference again And check the cross reference report Or from the same menu you can choose case detail to give all details about interference case by case
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Make interference Report from cross reference page Choose file----Save as RTF File
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Third stage_Frequency division

How to Assign Frequency channels:
The frequency channel we assigned to the link should have the same bandwidth with our microwave equipment If we use Freq channel has 28MHZ bandwidth we should use equipment 28MHZ bandwidth Also if the frequency channel has 28MHZ bandwidth ,we can use equipment 14MHZ but that not preferred as we waste the frequency resources so if the customer gives channels have big bandwidth we can divide it to smaller bandwidth channels But we can not use equipment has 28MHZ bandwidth with frequency channel has 14MHZ bandwidth
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How to divide frequency channels: EXAMPLE If we have the following four channels with bandwidth 55 MHZ and we need to divide them to 27.5MHZ channels
18GHz
Ch.No 11
upper
lower
Band Width
Shifter
19315 12 19370 13 19425 14 19480
18305
55
1010
18360
55
1010
18415
55
1010
18470
55
1010
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We will take the first channel lower frequency which is18305 and the last channel lower frequency which is 18470 For 18305 is the center freq so the range for that center is from 18305 (55/2) to 18305+(55/2) Also for the last channel the Range is from 18470-(55/2) to 18470+(55/2) So our range for the new 27.5 MHZ divided channels will be from 18305-(55/2 )to 18470+(55/2) means From 18277.5 to18497.5
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We can take the above Frequency range and search at the frequency channels table using the frequency band which is 18GHZ and the shifter which 1010 and the bandwidth which is 27.5 MHZ and choose all Freq channels located inside our freq range which is: From 18277.5 to18497.5 we will find the following channels:
Ch.No 22 upper 19315 lower 18305 Band Width 27.5 Shifter 1010
23
24 25 26 27 28
19342.5
19370 19397.5 19425 19452.5 19480
18332.5
18360 18387.5 18415 18442.5 18470
27.5
27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5
1010
1010 1010 1010 1010 1010
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How to assign the ODUsubband FOR EACH FREQUENCY CHANNEL

For example we can take the first channel in the table which is: 18305 lower and 19315 upper with bandwidth 27.5 MHZ and shifter 1010 We take the lower freq 18305 which is the center freq for that channel which is from 18305-(27.5/2) to 18305+(27.5/2) means from 18291.25 to 18318.75 and we check from the ODU SUBBAND TABLE
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How to assign the ODUsubband FOR EACH FREQUENCY CHANNEL

We insert the frequency band which is 18GHZ and the shifter which is 1010 and click on the button on the ODU subband sheet it will give us all channels for that band and shifter as shown: And so we can find our channel in Subband C Also we can find that for our channel the ODU can be one of the following : 1-HP(high power) 2-SP(standard power) 3-SPA or LP or LPA
18 GHz
Lo
17685
18GHz
Hi
18695
18GHz
Lo
17930
18GHz
Hi
18940
18GHz
Lo
18180
18GHz
Hi
19190
18GHz
Lo
18400
18GHz
Hi
19410
HPSP 17985SPA LPALP HPSP 18995SPA LPALP HPSP 18230SPA LPALP HPSP 19240SPA LPALP HPSP 18480SPA LPALP HPSP 19490SPA LPALP HPSP 18700SPA LPALP HPSP 19710SPA LPALP
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How to make the final Report for all links of the Network
From Network page choose Site data then site list you will get the shown screen From the previous screen choose Report then CSV link listMicrowave, you will get the shown screen From the left side of the shown menu you can choose the factors you want to appear in the links report and add that factors by arrows to the right side of that menu to appear at your report Then press OK you will get the report page From the report page choose file then save the report to your PC
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How to make the final Report for all links of the Network
The below fields should be included for the final report:
Site Oper 1 ator Na code me
Site Site Site Site Site Site 1 2 1 2 1 2 Lon Na Call Call Latit Latit gitu me Sign Sign ude ude de
Site Site 2 Path 1 Lon leng Azi gitu th mut de h
Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site 1 2 Site Site Site Site Site Site Site 1 2 1 2 Site Site Site Site 1 2 1 TX2 TX Radi Radi 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 RX RX Fad Fad Site Site 1 TX2 TX 1 2 Ante Ante pow pow o o SES SES UN UN Azi Ante Ante sign sign e e 1 Ch2 Ch Freq Freq Pola Pola nna nna er er Cod Cod (wm (wm (min (min mut nna nna al al mar mar ID ID (MH (MH rizat rizat (Mai (Mai (dB (dB e e - /yea /yea h (SD) (SD) (dB (dB gin gin z) z) ion ion n) n) m) m) Inde Inde sec) sec) r) r) m) m) (dB) (dB) x x
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How to make the bill of quantity(BOQ) for the project

The BOQ should be as below and we output it for RTN product during the biding project as the attached sheet:
Also the BOQ for 5000S as the below attached file:
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Needed tools for planning work

Pathloss version4 Odu subband tool which indicates the odu subband for each frequency channel Google earth program to find the place and coordinates for repeaters and also to check the places of sites Frequency band tables which gives the channels for all frequency bands and shifts Maps for Rain and the gradient four maps Equipment folder and antennas folder needed for making worksheet
Losses table for waveguide(included in this slide) XPIF table(included in this slide) 5000s losses table (included in this slide) The power point slides for both RTN600 and RTN900 to indicate which equipment we can use as it indicates bandwidth for all equipments
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Security Level: Internal
Thank you
Hazem.Hassan
www.huawei.com
Huawei Confidential

Microwave Planing Training Guide

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Microwave Planing Training Guide

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Microwave planning (Using Pathlossv4)

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Microwave planning stages

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How to enter coordinates to pathloss

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First stage_ Sites input

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First stage_Terrain data

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First stage_Terrain data

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First stage_Antenna height

After that you can choose Module----Antenna height

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First stage_Antenna height

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First stage_Print profile

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First Stage_K factor values

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Second stage(Rain Map)

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Second stage_dn/dh calculations(Reliability Method ITU-R P.530-7/8)

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Second stage_How to Check the dn/dh maps

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Second stage_Equipment selection

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Second stage_ODU selection

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Second stage_Antenna selection

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Second stage_KPI WITH ITU-R P530-7/8

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Second stage_ KPI FOR KQ S(1.3)

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Second stage_Roughness factor calculations

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Second stage_Roughness factor calculations

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Second stage_KQ factor calculations

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Second stage_KQ factor calculations

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Second Stage_losses calculations

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Second Stage_losses calculations

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BR CKT Loss *2, *3

BR CKT Loss 2, 3

ITEM BR CKT Loss 2, 3