NEUROPATI

SARAF TEPI Nervus kranialis I-XII Nervus spinalis :

Servikalis Torakalis Lumbalis Sakralis (pleksus brachialis, pleksus lumbalis, pleksus sakralis

ANATOMI - Sel neuron - Akson - Dendrit - sel schwan

Neuropati
Gangguan saraf tepi (motorik, sensorik & otonom) Bentuk2 neuropati :
Mononeuropati Mononeuritis multipel Radikuloneuropati Poliradikulitis Pleksitis polineuritis

Mononeuropati Yg terkena hanya 1 saraf tepi Penyebab

Trauma Diabetes melitus Poliarteritis nodusa

Mononeuritis multipel Yg terkena bbrp saraf tepi Penybb sama dgn mono neuropati

Radikulopati Yg terkena radik spinalis Pnybb :

HNP tumor

Poliradikulopati Yg terkena : bbrp radik n. spinalis Pnybb :

Pasca infeksi Pasca vaksinasi

Pleksitis Inflamasi pleksus Pl. brakhialis, lumbalis & sakralis

Polineuritis - Simetris neuropati - Pnybb :

- DM, alkoholik,

Patologi
Perubahan pd akson
Degenerasi akson (wallerian degenerasi) Distrofi akson

Perubahan pd mielin
segmental demielinisasi

Motorik Lemah lumpuh Atrofi Fasikulasi Refleks menurun (-)

Sensorik Disestesia Parastesia

Otonom Keringan (-) Ggn VU Konstipasi impotensia

Jenis neuropati (lokasi)

Neuropati nn. Krianialis Neuropati pleksus servikalis Neuropati pleksus lumbalis Neuropati pleksus sakralis Neuropati nn. spinalis

Neuropati nn. Kranialis

III, IV, VI V (neuralgia trigeminal = Tic Douloreux) VII (Bells Palsy), hemifasial spasme VIII IX (glossopharingeal neuralgia), X (superior laryngeal neuralgia), XI, XII

Neuropati pleksus servikalis

Neuralgia oksipitalis Lesi n. phrenikus

Neuropati pleksus brakhialis

Birth injuries brachial plexus ( erb paralisis, klumpke paralisis) Trumatic injury Brachial neuritis Neoplastic involvement Radiation damage Individual neuropatic
Long thoracic n., suprascapula n., musculocutaneous nerve, axillary n., radial n., posterior interosseus n., ulnar nerve, medianus n, Carpal tunnel synd. causalgia

Pleksus lumbalis
Iliohypogastric nerve Ilioinguinal nerve Genitofemoral nerve Lateral kutaneus nerve Obturator nerve Femoral nerve

Pleksus sakralis
Superior gluteal nerve Inferior gluteal nerve Posterior cutaneus nerve Pudendal nerve Sciatic nerve Peronel nerve (deep & superfisial) Tibial nerve Plantar & interdigital nerve

Hereditary Neuropathies
Peroneal muscular atrophy Chronic intersititial hypertropic neuropathy other

Inflammatory neuropathies
Herpes zoster Diphtheria Infectious mononucleosis Postinfections polyneuritis (SGB) Chronic inflammatory polyradiculopathy

Neuropati lainnya
Neuropathies in vascular disease Toxic neuropathy Paraneoplastic neuropathies
Carsinomatous peripheral neuropathy Critical illness polyneuropathies

Nutrisional neuropathies
Beriberi (thiamin) neuropathy Neuralgia in pregnancy