Civ Pro de Leon College Edition

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720\sb7\sl-253\slmult0\fi1973\tx8110 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf4\f5\fs22 Remedial Law\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Substantive Law\pa
r\pard\li720\sb7\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx6227 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\no
supersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The legislation providing means or methods whereby causes\t
ab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Law which creates, defines, or regulates rights
concerning life,\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-249\slmult0\fi0\tx6227 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 of action may be effectuated, wrongs redressed and relief\tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 liberty, or property or the powers of agencies or\par\p
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ab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 instrumentalities for the administration of pub

lic affairs\par\pard\li720\sb8\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx6227 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 Does not create vested rights\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Creates v
ested rights\par\pard\li720\sb6\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx6227 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 Retroactive\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Prospective\par\pard\li720
\sb2\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx6227 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 SC is expressly emp
owered to promulgate procedural rules\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Cannot b
e enacted by the SC\par\pard\ql \li720\sb240\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 Kinds of procedure \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
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As to purpose \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex1
01 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Criminal \par\pa
rd\ql \li1800\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 b.\ul0\nosupersub\
cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Civil \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb10\sl-253
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosup
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 As to formality \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\f
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00 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Summary proceedin
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ction, criminal action and special proceedings distinguished\par\pard\sect\sectd
\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw4233\colsr160\colno2\colw3524\colsr160\colno3\colw4033
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persub\cf4\f5\fs22 Civil Action\par\pard\ql \li720\sb252\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Governed by ordinary rules\par
\pard\qj \li720\sb0\sl-249\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li720\ri20\sb6\sl-249\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Formal demand of one\u8216?s legal rights in a \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 court of justice in the manner\par\pard\ql \li720\ri29
\sb0\sl-251\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 prescribed by the court or by
law \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Party sues another for the enforcement \
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ndtw-3\charscalex100 redress of a wrong\par\pard\column \ql \li1005\sb20\sl-253\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Criminal Actio
n\par\pard\qj \li21\ri730\sb131\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul
0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Governed by Rules on Criminal \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 Procedure\par\pard\qj \li4393\sb0\sl-249\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li4393\sb0\s
l-249\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li4393\sb0\sl-249\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li4393\sb0\s
l-249\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li21\ri184\sb9\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
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ission punishable by law\par\pard\column \ql \li812\sb20\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Special Proceedings\par\pard\q
j \li20\ri889\sb7\sl-247\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f3\f4\fs22 Also governed by ordinary rules but \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 sub
ject to specific rules prescribed \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 (Rules 62-71)\pa
r\pard\qj \li20\ri741\sb140\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Special
features not found in ordinary \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 civil actions\par\
pard\ql \li20\ri603\sb137\sl-247\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Remedy by
which a party seeks to \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 establish a status,
a right, or a particular \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 fact \par\pard\sect
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l0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 Rule 1 \par\pard\ql \li5527\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw-3\charscalex100 General Provisions \par\pard\ql \li5728\sb1\sl-256\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 (Sections 1 to 6) \p
ar\pard\ql \li720\ri4133\sb241\sl-260\slmult0\tx1080 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Rule making power of Supreme Court \line\tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 Art. VIII, Sec. 5 (5), Constitution \par\pard\ql \li14
40\sb6\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22
\u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The Supreme Co
urt has the power to promulgate rules concerning: \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb7\sl-25
3\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf3\f4\fs22 The protection and enforcement of constitutional rights, pl

eadings, practice and procedure in all courts; \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1\sl-237\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 The admission to the practice of law, the Integrated Bar, and \
par\pard\ql \li2161\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 c.\ul0\nos
upersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Legal assistance to the under
privileged. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 Such rules shall provide: \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1\sl-237\slmul
t0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf3\f4\fs22 A simplified and inexpensive procedure for the speedy disposition
of cases \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 b
.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Shall be uniform for
all courts of the same grade, and \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-4\charscalex100 c.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\f
s22 Shall not diminish, increase, or modify substantive rights \par\pard\qj \l
i1440\ri941\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs2
2 Rules of procedure of special courts and quasi-judicial bodies shall remain e
ffective unless disapproved by the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Supre
me Court \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 A
rt. VI, Sec. 30 \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri610\sb24\sl-260\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\f
s22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 No law shall be passed increasing the appellat
e jurisdiction of the Supreme Court as provided in this Constitution \line\tab \
up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 without its advice and concurrence. \par\pard\ql \l
i720\sb1\sl-235\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Procedural and substantive
rules \par\pard\li720\sb113\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\no
supersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66
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lex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nos
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0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Subject matter \par\pard
\ql \li2161\sb5\sl-236\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1
1\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Based on
actual allegations in the complaint \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6
\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Refers to the nature of the cause of action
and of the relief sought \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri1309\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx2521
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5
\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Vested by law and is not acquired by con
sent or acquiescence of the parties, nor by the unilateral \line\tab \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 assumption thereof by a tribunal \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb8\sl253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\no
supersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Cannot be fixed by the will
of the parties \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri3507\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\ch
arscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Cannot be enlarged or diminished by any act or omission of
the parties \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\n
osupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Cannot be conferred by the
court or tribunal \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-213\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex101 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Res or proper
ty \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb11\sl-233\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs2
2 By actual custody thereof - such as by seizure, attachment, garnishment \par
\pard\ql \li1440\sb11\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 c.\ul0\nosuper
sub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Issues \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri510
o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Conferred by the pl
eadings or consent of the parties \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Waivab

le \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-213\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 d.\ul0\n
osupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Parties \par\pard\li720\sb9\
sl-253\slmult0\fi1440 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs2
2 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Over the plaintiff
- when he files his complaint and upon payment of docket fees\par\pard\li720\sb
0\sl-249\slmult0\fi1440 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\f
s22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Over the defenda
nt - upon valid service of summons or by his voluntary appearance\par\pard\li720
\sb0\sl-245\slmult0\fi0\tx1080 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2.\tab \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 Estoppel to deny jurisdiction\par\pard\ql \li1440\sb20\sl-253\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\n
osupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Heirs of Bertuldo Hinog vs.
Melicor\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (455 SCRA 460) \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri549\sb
0\sl-246\slmult0\tx2881\tx2881\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Af
ter Bertuldo vigorously participated in all stages of the case before the trial
court and even invoked \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the trial court\u
8216?s authority in order to ask for affirmative relief, petitioners, considerin
g that they \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 merely stepped into the sho
es of their predecessor, are effectively barred by estoppel from \line \tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 challenging the trial court\u8216?s jurisdiction. \par
\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb188\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 2\ul0\nosupersub\
cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66
{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft619\shptop998\shpright720\shpbottom1248\shpfhdr0\shpbxp
age\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz104\shplid0
}
}}
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{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft605\shptop989\shpright614\shpbottom998\shpfhdr0\shpbxpa
ge\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz171\shplid6
}
}}
{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft605\shptop989\shpright614\shpbottom998\shpfhdr0\shpbxpa
ge\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz173\shplid7
}

}}
}
}}
}
}}
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}}
{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft605\shptop998\shpright625\shpbottom1248\shpfhdr0\shpbxp
age\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz185\shplid13
}
}}
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}
l Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb1\sl-232\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Although the issue of jurisdiction may be raised a
t any stage of the proceedings as the same is \par\pard\qj \li2881\ri930\sb22\sl
-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 conferred by law, it is nonetheless s
ettled that a party may be barred from raising it on ground of \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 laches or estoppel. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw-2\charscalex100 3.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs2
2 Jurisdiction at time of filing of action \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb27\sl-253\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nos
upersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 People vs. Cawaling\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf3\f4\fs22 (293 SCRA 267) \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri677\sb0\sl-246\slmult0\t
x2881\tx2881\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22
o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The jurisdiction of
a court to try a criminal case is determined by the law in force at the time of
the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 institution of the action. Once the
court acquires jurisdiction, it may not be ousted from the case by \line \tab \u
p0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 any subsequent events, such as a new legislation pla
cing such proceedings under the jurisdiction of \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\chars
calex100 another tribunal. The only recognized exceptions to the rule arise when
: \par\pard\ql \li3241\sb0\sl-231\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1.\ul0\n

osupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 There is an express provisi
on in the statute, or \par\pard\ql \li3241\sb11\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\c
harscalex100 2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The st
atute is clearly intended to apply to actions pending before its enactment. \par
\pard\ql \li720\sb247\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Regular Court
s (MTC, RTC, CA, SC) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb227\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 Art. VIII, Constitution \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 BP 129 (Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1980) \par\pa
rd\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 RA 7902 (expandin
g the jurisdiction of the CA, amending BP 129) \par\pard\qj \li1080\sb0\sl-240\s
lmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1080\ri3841\sb21\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex
100 RA 7961 (expanding the jurisdiction of MetroTC, MTC, MCTC, amending BP 129)
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 SC Adm. Circular No. 09-94, in rel. to RA 7691 \pa
r\pard\ql \li1080\ri3817\sb20\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 SC Ci
rcular No. 21-99, in rel. to RA 7691 \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 RA 8369
(Family Courts Act of 1997) \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 SC Circular No.
11-99, in rel. to RA 8369 \par\pard\ql \li720\sb250\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 Special Courts \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw-3\charscalex100 Sandiganbayan \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 PD 1616, as am. by RA 7975 and RA 8249 \par\pard\ql
\li720\sb247\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Quasi judicial bodies
\par\pard\ql \li1080\ri3349\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 SEC
(Sec. 5.2, RA 8799, Securities Regulation Code) \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 CSC \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb28\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf4\f5\fs22 Magpale vs. CSC\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
(215 SCRA 398) \par\
pard\qj \li2161\ri687\sb18\sl-240\slmult0\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f
4\fs22 Rule is settled that a tribunal, board or officer exercising judicial f
unctions acts without jurisdiction if no \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
authority has been conferred by law to hear and decide the case. \par\pard\ql \
li1080\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 HLURB \par\pard\ql \li1
\u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Sandoval vs.
Caneba\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (190 SCRA 77) \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri753\sb18
\sl-240\slmult0\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs
22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The NHA, now the
HLURB, has exclusive jurisdiction to hear and decide a complaint for collection
of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 unpaid installments against a subdivi
sion lot buyer, not the regular courts. \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri613\sb0\sl-260\sl
mult0\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\n
osupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Where RTC jurisdiction was
timely questioned, its decision, on a subdivision collection suit over which it
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 has no jurisdiction, is null and void. \
par\pard\ql \li720\sb230\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Kinds of a
ction \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1.\u
l0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 As to cause of action distinction important in determining venue \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb3\sl-237\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf3\f4\fs22 Personal \par\pard\qj \li2703\ri955\sb21\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Personal property is sought to be recovered or wher
e damages for breach of contract are sought \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\n
2 Founded on privity of contract \par\pard\li1800\sb11\sl-253\slmult0\fi902 \up0
\expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\
fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Filed in the court where the plaintiff or defe
ndant resides, at plaintiff\u8216?s option\par\pard\li1800\sb1\sl-243\slmult0\fi
0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f3\f4\fs22 Real\par\pard\qj \li2703\ri4635\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\c

harscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\no
supersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Ownership or possession of real property is involved \up0 \
expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs
22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Founded on privity of real estates \par\pard\ql
\li2703\sb1\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f1
2\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Filed in the co
urt where the property or any part thereof is located \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb15\
sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 As to object - distinction important in service of sum
mons \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 a.\ul0
\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In rem \par\pard\ql \li27
2 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Directed against the
thing itself \par\pard\ql \li2703\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf3\f4\fs22 Jurisdiction over the person of the defendant is not required \par\p
ard\li720\sb172\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\no
supersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \
ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 3\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\
f3\fs24 66\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkm
kstart Pg4}{\bkmkend Pg4}\par\pard\ql \li8408\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li
8408\sb196\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\f
s24 Civil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\qj \li2703\ri4300\sb0\sl-260\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersu
b\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Proceeding to determine the state or
condition of a thing \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22
o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Judgment binds the wh
ole world \par\pard\ql \li2703\sb1\sl-209\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\
f4\fs22 Service done through publication of summons \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb15\sl
-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\no
supersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In personam \par\pard\ql \li2703\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \
22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Directed against a particular person \par\pard\q
l \li2703\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\
f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Jurisdiction
over the person of the defendant is required \par\pard\ql \li2703\ri3467\sb21\sl
-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\n
osupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Action to impose a responsibi
lity or liability upon a person directly \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 B
inds only the parties impleaded or their successors in interest \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Service through actual service \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb10\s
l-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 c.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Quasi in rem \par\pard\ql \li2703\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up
\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Directed against particular persons \par\pard
\ql \li2703\ri877\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Juris
diction over the person of the defendant is not required as long as jurisdiction
over the res is \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 acquired \par\pard\ql \li2703\ri5
2 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Proceeding to subjec
t the interest of a named defendant over a particular property to an obligation
or \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 lien burdening it \par\pard\ql \li2703\sb0\sl-1
98\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nos
upersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Judgment binding upon particula
r persons \par\pard\ql \li720\sb253\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
Commencement of action \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3

\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 By filing of the original complaint in court \par\p
ard\qj \li1080\ri607\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f3\f4\fs22 If an additional defendant is impleaded in a later pleading, the act
ion is commenced with regard to him on the date of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 filing of such later pleading, irrespective of whether the motion for
its admission, if necessary, is denied by the court \par\pard\li1080\sb8\sl-253
\slmult0\fi0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 Condition precedent\par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-239\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 Katarungang Pambarangay \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb30\sl-253\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupers
ub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Lumbuan vs. Ronquillo\ul0\nosupersu
b\cf3\f4\fs22 (489 SCRA 650) \par\pard\ql \li2881\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expn
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Section 412(a) of RA 7160 requires the parties to
undergo a conciliation process before the \par\pard\qj \li3241\ri640\sb21\sl-240
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Lupon Chairman or the Pangkat as a precon
dition to filing a complaint in court. the objective is \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 to reduce the number of court litigations and prevent the deterioration of
the quality of justice \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 which has been brought abo
ut by the indiscriminate filing of cases in courts. \par\pard\li1080\sb15\sl-253
\slmult0\fi0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 Payment of filing fee\par\pard\ql \li1800\sb22\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs
22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Heirs of Bertuldo Hinog vs. Melicor\ul0\nosuper
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 (455 SCRA 460), reiterating SIOL vs. Asuncion (infra) \par\pa
rd\ql \li2881\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 While t
he payment of the prescribed docket fee is a jurisdictional requirement, even it
s non-\par\pard\qj \li3241\ri533\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex10
0 payment at the time of filing does not automatically cause the dismissal of th
e case, as long as the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 fee is paid within the appl
icable prescriptive or reglementary period. \par\pard\ql \li2881\sb1\sl-216\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub
\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Guidelines involving the payment of
docket fees: \par\pard\ql \li3601\ri750\sb18\sl-248\slmult0\tx3961\tx3961\tx3961
\tx3961\tx3961 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 It is not simply the filing of the complaint or approp
riate initiatory pleading, but the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 payme
nt of the prescribed docket fee that vests a trial court with jurisdiction over
the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 subject matter or nature of the act
ion. Where the filing of the initiatory pleading is not \line \tab \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 accompanied by payment of the docket fee, the court may allow p
ayment of the fees \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 within a reasonable
time but in no case beyond the applicable prescriptive or \line \tab \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 reglementary period \par\pard\ql \li3601\ri679\sb0\sl-246\slm
ult0\tx3961\tx3961\tx3961 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6
\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Same rule applies to permissive counterclai
ms, third-party claims and similar pleadings, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 which shall not be considered filed until and unless the filing fee prescr
ibed therefor is \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 paid. The court may al
so allow payment of said fee within a reasonable time but also in \line \tab \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 no case beyond its applicable prescriptive or regleme
ntary period \par\pard\ql \li3601\ri554\sb0\sl-248\slmult0\tx3961\tx3961\tx3961\
tx3961\tx3961 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Where the trial court acquires jurisdiction over a clai
m by the filing of the appropriate \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 plead
ing and payment of the prescribed filing fee but, subsequently, the judgment \li
ne \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 awards a claim not specified in the pleadi

ng, or if specified the same has been left for \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charsc
alex100 determination by the court, the additional filing fee therefor shall con
stitute a lien on the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 judgment. It shal
l be the responsibility of the clerk of court or his duly authorized \line \tab
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 deputy to enforce said lien and assess and collect
the additional fee \par\pard\ql \li2881\ri1021\sb6\sl-240\slmult0\tx3241 \up0 \
22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 SIOL effectively modified SC Circular No. 7 by
providing that filing fees for damages and \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 awards that cannot be estimated constitute liens on awards finally granted b
y the trial court. \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Sun Insurance Office, Ltd. vs. Asuncion\ul0\nosupersub\c
f3\f4\fs22 (170 SCRA 274) \par\pard\ql \li2881\ri639\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\tx3241
\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 It is not only the filing of the complai
nt, but the payment of the prescribed docket fee that vests \line\tab \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 a trial court with jurisdiction over the subject matter or n
ature of the action. \par\pard\li720\sb70\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 4\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs2
4 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh
15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg5}{\bkmkend Pg5}\par\pard\ql \li8408\sb0\sl-2
76\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8408\sb196\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
0 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Civil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\ql \li
ub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Per
missive counterclaims, third-party claims and the like shall not be considered f
iled until and \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 unless the prescribed fil
ing fee is paid. \par\pard\ql \li2881\ri944\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\tx3241 \up0 \expn
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When the judgment of the courts awards a claim not
specified in the pleading, the additional \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 filing fee shall constitute a lien on the judgment. \par\pard\ql \li6155\sb18
5\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 Rule
2 \par\pard\ql \li5675\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Cause of
Action \par\pard\ql \li5858\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 (Rules 1 to 6) \par\pard\ql \li720\sb247\sl-253\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Cause of action (Sec
s 1-2) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u
f3\f4\fs22 Every ordinary civil action must be based on a cause of action (Sec
1) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri4080\sb5\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\cf3\f4\fs22 Cause of action - act or omission by which a party violates a righ
t of another \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\
ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Elements of cause of ac
tion: \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1\sl-231\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\f
s22 Legal right of the plaintiff by whatever means and under whatever law it a
rises or is created; \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb11\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
upersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Corresponding obligation of the defendant to respect or no
t to violate such right; and \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri544\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\tx252
1 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\c
f5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 An act or omission of the defendant wh
ich violates the legal right of the plaintiff constituting a breach of \line\ta
b \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 the obligation of the defendant to the plaintiff
. \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri3233\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\fi1080 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscal
ex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersu

b\cf3\f4\fs22 Compliance with condition precedent. \line \up0 \expndtw-4\chars
calex100 Distinguished from right of action\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\co
lno1\colw6605\colsr160\colno2\colw5335\colsr160\ql \li3457\sb3\sl-253\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Cause of action\par\pard
\ql \li1800\sb2\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3
\f4\fs22 Reason for bringing an action; the formal statement of\par\pard\ql \li1
800\sb0\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the operative facts that gi
ve rise to remedial right\par\pard\ql \li1800\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3
\charscalex100 Matter of statement and governed by the law of\par\pard\ql \li180
0\sb0\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 procedure\par\pard\ql \li778\
sb9\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Splitting a cause of action (Se
cs 3-4)\par\pard\column \ql \li1701\sb3\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Right of action\par\pard\qj \li21\ri824\sb6\sl249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Remedy for
bringing an action; the remedial right to \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 litigat
e because of the operative facts\par\pard\ql \li21\sb127\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 Matter of right solely dependent on substantive law \par\p
ard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li1080\sb25\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosup
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A party may not institute more than one suit for a single cau
se of action (Sec 3) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri742\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5
\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If two or more suits are instituted on th
e basis of a single c cause of action, the filing of one or a judgment upon the
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 merits in any one is available as a grou
nd for the dismissal of the others (Sec 4) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb30\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosup
ersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Joseph vs. Bautista\ul0\nosupers
ub\cf3\f4\fs22 , 170 SCRA 540 (1989) \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri885\sb0\sl-260\slmul
t0\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosu
persub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Where there is only one delict
or wrong, there is only one cause of action regardless of the number of \line\t
ab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 rights that may have been violated belonging to
one person \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb8\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex10
0 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf4\f5\fs22 Del Rosario vs. Far East Bank and Trust Company\ul0\nosupersub\
cf3\f4\fs22 (537 SCRA 571) \par\pard\ql \li2161\ri610\sb0\sl-246\slmult0\tx2521
\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0
\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Rule 2, Section 3 proscri
bes a party from dividing a single or indivisible cause of action into several p
arts \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 or claims and instituting two or mo
re actions based on it - the plaintiff cannot divide the grounds for \line \tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 recovery and he cannot be permitted to rely upon t
hem by piecemeal in successive actions to recover for \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3
\charscalex100 the same wrong or injury. \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb22\sl-253\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosuper
sub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Progressive Development Corp. vs.
CA\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (301 SCRA 367) \par\pard\ql \li2161\ri520\sb0\sl253\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Jurispr
udence is unequivocal that when a single delict or wrong is committed - like the
unlawful taking or \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 detention of the pro
perty of another - there is but one single cause of action regardless of the num
ber of \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 rights that may have been violat
ed, and all such rights should be alleged in a single complaint as \line \tab \u
p0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 constituting one single cause of action. \par\pard\q
j \li2161\ri884\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
A claim cannot be divided in such a way that part of the amount of damages may
be recovered in one \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 case and the rest,

in another. \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri743\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\fi1080\tx2521\tx2521 \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\
f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If a suit is brought for part of a claim,
a judgment obtained in that action precludes the plaintiff from \line\tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 bringing a second action for the residue of the claim,
notwithstanding that the second form of action is \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
rscalex100 not identical with the first or different grounds for relief are set
forth in the second suit. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 CGR
Corporation vs. Treyes, Jr.\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (G.R. No. 170916) \par\
pard\ql \li2161\ri901\sb13\sl-240\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
b\cf3\f4\fs22 Petitioners\u8216? filing of an independent action for damages o
ther than those sustained as a result of their \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
lex100 dispossession or those caused by the loss of their use and occupation of
their properties could not be \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 considere
d as splitting of a cause of action. \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb50\sl-253\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\
cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Enriquez vs. Ramos\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\
f4\fs22 (7 SCRA 265) \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
upersub\cf3\f4\fs22 An action by the vendor based on the defendant\u8216?s hav
ing unlawfully stopped payment of the check \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb3\sl-237\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 issued in favor of the former as partial down
payment for certain parcels of land, cannot be pleaded in \par\pard\li720\sb0\sl
-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb56\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 5\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul
0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66
}
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}
l Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\qj \li2521\ri1035\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 abatement by the defendan
t of the balance guaranteed by the mortgage, because the two actions are \up0 \e
xpndtw-3\charscalex100 distinct from each other. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb1\sl-209\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Remedy against splitting a single cause of

action \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb15\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 a
.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 motion to dismiss Rule 16, Sec 1(e) or Sec 1(f) \par\pard\qj \li720\ri5865\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\fi72
0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f3\f4\fs22 answer alleging affirmative defense - Rule 16, Sec 6 \up0 \expndtw-3
\charscalex100 Joinder of causes of action (Secs. 5-6) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri59
7\sb22\sl-260\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f
7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A party
may in one pleading assert, in the alternative or otherwise, as many causes of
action as he may have against an \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 opposin
g party, subject to the following conditions: \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-235\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupers
ub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Party joining causes of action sha
ll comply with rules on joinder of parties; \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb5\sl-236\slmu
\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Joinder shall not include special ci
vil actions or actions governed by special rules; \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri727\sb1
3\sl-250\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1
1\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Where the
causes of action are between the same parties but pertain to different venues o
r jurisdictions, the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 joinder may be allo
wed in the RTC provided one of the causes of action falls within the jurisdictio
n of said \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 court and the venue lies ther
ein; and \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri1086\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
supersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Where the claims in all the causes of action are principa
lly for recovery of money, the aggregate amount \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charsc
alex100 claimed shall be the test of jurisdiction. (Sec 5) \par\pard\qj \li1080\
ri566\sb39\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Mis
joinder is not a ground for dismissal of an action. A misjoined cause of action
may, on motion of a party or on the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 init
iative of the court, be severed and proceeded with separately (Sec 6) \par\pard\
ql \li1080\sb50\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6
\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Flore
s vs. Mallare-Phillipps\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (144 SCRA 277) \par\pard\ql
2\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Where a plain
tiff sues a defendant, the total demand furnishes the jurisdictional test irresp
ective of \par\pard\qj \li2521\ri715\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 whether the several causes of action arose out of different transactions,
although their joinder would be \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 merely permissive,
not mandatory. \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1\sl-216\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
b\cf3\f4\fs22 Where two or more plaintiffs sue one defendant in a single compl
aint or one plaintiff sues several \par\pard\qj \li2521\ri764\sb0\sl-260\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 defendants in a single complaint, based on severa
l causes of action for or against each, respectively, the \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 totality rule applies only where: \par\pard\qj \li2881\ri3040\sb0\sl-260
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosup
ersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The causes of action arose from
the same series of transactions; and \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Th
ere is a common question of fact or law among them. \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb0\sl198\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 What is the totality rule? \par\pard\q
l \li1440\ri842\sb40\sl-250\slmult0\tx1800\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\cf3\f4\fs22 Where there are several claims or causes of action between the sam
e or different parties embodied in the same \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex
100 complaint, the amount of the demand shall be the totality of the claims in a
ll causes of action, irrespective of \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 wh
ether the cause of action arose out of the same or different transaction. \par\p
ard\ql \li6155\sb229\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf2\f3\fs24 Rule 3 \par\pard\ql \li5320\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 Parties to Civil Actions \par\pard\ql \li5671\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 (Sections 1 to 22) \par\pa
rd\ql \li720\sb223\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf3\f4\fs22 Who may be parties (Sec. 1) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb7\sl-253\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3
\f4\fs22 Natural persons \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Ju
ridical persons \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 3.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Entities auth
orized by law (even if they lack juridical personality) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb5
0\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-39
22?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Plaintiff - the cla
iming party, counter-claimant, cross-claimant, third-party claimant \par\pard\ql
\li1080\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f
7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Defenda
nt - original defending party, defendant in a counterclaim, cross-defendant, thi
rd-party defendant \par\pard\ql \li720\sb227\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 Classification of parties \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 Real party in interest (Sec 2) \par\pard\ql \li1445\sb
922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The party who stan
ds to be benefited or injured by the judgment in the suit \par\pard\qj \li1445\r
i826\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\tx1805 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Unle
ss otherwise authorized by law or these rules, every action must be prosecuted o
r defended in the name of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 the real party
in interest \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 Lack of personality to sue \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\
fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Evangelista vs. Santiago\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f
4\fs22 (475 SCRA 744) \par\pard\ql \li2881\ri561\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx3241\tx32
41\tx3241\tx3241 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\u
l0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Lack of legal capacity
to sue - plaintiff is not in the exercise of his civil rights, or does not have
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the necessary qualification to appear in
the case, or does not have the character or representation \line \tab \up0 \exp
ndtw-3\charscalex100 he claims. Refers to general disability to sue - such as mi
nority, insanity, incompetence, lack of \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
juridical personality or other general disqualifications. Ground for MTD based
on lack of legal \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 capacity to sue \par\p
ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 6\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\
f3\fs24 66\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkm
kstart Pg7}{\bkmkend Pg7}\par\pard\ql \li8408\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li
s24 Civil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\ql \li2881\ri628\sb0\sl-260\slmu
lt0\tx3241 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nos
upersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Lack of personality to sue plaintiff is not the real party-in-interest. Ground for MTD based on \line\tab \
up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the fact that the complaint evidently states no cau
se of action. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-209\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 Standing to sue \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb35\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Domingo vs. Carague\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (456 SC
RA 450) \par\pard\ql \li2881\ri771\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\tx3241\tx3241\tx3241 \up0

\expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\f
s22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Where petitioners have not shown any direct a
nd personal interest in the COA Organizational \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
lex100 Restructuring Plan, where there is no indication that they have sustained
or are in imminent \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 danger of sustainin
g some direct injury as a result of its implementation, they do not have any \li
ne \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 legal standing to file a suit questioning
the legality of said plan. \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-221\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 Representative parties (Sec 3) \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri901\sb36\
sl-250\slmult0\tx1800\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f
7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Where t
he action is allowed to be prosecuted or defended by a representative or someone
acting in a fiduciary \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 capacity, the ben
eficiary shall be included in the title of the case and shall be deemed to be th
e real party in \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 interest \par\pard\qj \
li1440\ri1389\sb39\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\f
s22 A representative may be a trustee of an express trust, a guardian, an execu
tor or administrator, or a party \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 authori
zed by law or these Rules \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1048\sb40\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800
ub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 An agent acting in his own name and
for the benefit of an undisclosed principal may sue or be sued without \line\ta
b \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 joining the principal except when the contract i
nvolves things belonging to the principal \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb50\sl-253\slmul
t0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Oposa vs. Factoran\ul0\nosupersub
\cf3\f4\fs22 (224 SCRA 792) \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Petitioners\u8216? personality to sue in behalf of
the succeeding generations can only be based on the \par\pard\qj \li2881\ri687\s
b0\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 concept of intergenerational res
ponsibility insofar as the right to a balanced and healthful ecology is \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 concerned \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri725\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx
2881 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersu
b\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The subject matter of the complaint
is of common and general interest not just to several, but to all \line\tab \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 citizens of the Philippines. \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb3
\sl-238\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Indispensable parties (Sec. 7) \pa
r\pard\qj \li1440\ri639\sb41\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf3\f4\fs22 Parties in interest without whom no final determination can be ha
d of an action shall be joined either as plaintiffs \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\ch
arscalex100 or defendants \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Domingo vs. Scheer\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (4
21 SCRA 468) \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f3\f4\fs22 The joinder of indispensable parties under Sec 7, Rule 3 is mandato
ry. Without the presence of \par\pard\qj \li2881\ri559\sb17\sl-245\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 indispensable parties to the suit, the judgment of the
court cannot attain real finality. Strangers to a \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
case are not bound by the judgment rendered by the court. The absence of an indi
spensable party \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 renders all subsequent actions of
the court null and void. There is lack of authority to act not only as \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 to the absent party but also as to those present. The respo
nsibility of impleading all the indispensable \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 part
ies rests on the petitioner/plaintiff. \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1329\sb0\sl-300\sl
mult0\fi1080 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\n
osupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 However, the non-joinder of

indispensable parties is not a ground for dismissal of an action. \up0 \expndtw
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Uy vs. CA\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (494 SCRA 5
35) \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb0\sl-198\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\n
2 An indispensable party is one whose interest will be affected by the court\u
8216?s action in the litigation and \par\pard\ql \li2881\sb12\sl-205\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 without whom no final determination of the case can b
e had. The party\u8216?s interest in the subject \par\pard\qj \li2881\ri740\sb27
\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 matter of the suit and in the reli
ef sought are so inextricably intertwined with the other parties\u8216? that \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 his legal presence as a party to the proceeding is an
absolute necessity. \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri566\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx2881\tx2881
\tx2881\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0
\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Indispensable parties mus
t be joined either as plaintiffs or defendants. Whenever it appears to the \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 court in the course of a proceeding that an i
ndispensable party has not been joined, it is the duty of \line \tab \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 the court to stop trial and to order the inclusion of such pa
rty. The absence of an indispensable party \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex
100 renders all subsequent actuations of the court null and void, for want of au
thority to act, not only as \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 to the abse
nt parties, but even as to those present. \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri556\sb0\sl-246\
slmult0\tx2881\tx2881\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\
f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The respons
ibility of impleading all indispensable parties rests on the plaintiff. Defendan
t does not \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 have the right to compel the
plaintiff to prosecute the action against a party if he does not wish to do \lin
e \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 so, but the plaintiff will have to suffer t
he consequences of any error he might commit in exercising \line \tab \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 his option. \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb2\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 Necessary party or proper party (Secs 8-9) \par\pard\ql \l
i1440\ri775\sb32\sl-250\slmult0\tx1800\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3
\f4\fs22 Necessary party - one who is not indispensable but who ought to be joi
ned as a party if complete relief is to be \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 accorded as to those already parties, or for a complete determination or sett
lement of the claim subject of the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 acti
on. (Sec 8) \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri811\sb39\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Whenever in any pleading in which a claim is asser
ted a necessary party is not joined, the pleader shall set forth \line\tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 his name, if known, and shall state why he is omitted.
Should the court find the reason for the omission \par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slm
ult0\par\pard\li720\sb156\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 7\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosup
ersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66
}
l Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri900\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 unmeritorious, it may orde
r the inclusion of the omitted necessary party if jurisdiction over his person m
ay be \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 obtained. \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri634\sb15\sl
-240\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u
-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Failure to compl
y with the order for his inclusion, without justifiable cause, shall be deemed a
waiver of the claim \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 against such party.
\par\pard\qj \li1440\ri762\sb40\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Non-inclusion of a necessary party does not prevent the court
from proceeding in the action, and the judgment \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 rendered therein shall be without prejudice to the rights of such neces
sary party. (Sec 9) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb50\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Laperal Devt. Corp. vs. CA\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
(223 SCRA 261) \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri617\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx2881 \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A proper party is one which ought to be a party if c
omplete relief is to be accorded as between those \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\char
scalex100 already parties. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb8\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 Permissive joinder of parties (Sec 6) \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri606
\sb33\sl-246\slmult0\tx1440\tx1440\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\
fs22 All persons in whom or against whom any right to relief in respect to or a
rising out of the same transaction or series \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 of transactions is alleged to exist, whether jointly, severally, or in the
alternative, may, except as otherwise provided in \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
rscalex100 the rules, join as plaintiffs or be joined as defendants in one compl
aint where any question of law or fact common to \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 all such defendants may arise in the action \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri750
\sb39\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7
\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 But the
court may make such orders as may be just to prevent any plaintiff or defendant
from being embarrassed or \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 put to expense
in connection with any proceedings in which he may have no interest \par\pard\q
l \li720\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Effects of misjoinder
and non-joinder of parties (Sec 11) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\c
f5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Neither is a ground for dismissal of an
action \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri681\sb22\sl-260\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul
0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Parties may be dropped or added by order of the court
on motion of any party or on its own initiative at any stage of \line\tab \up0 \
expndtw-4\charscalex100 the action and on such terms as are just \par\pard\qj \l
i720\ri3624\sb37\sl-240\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
Any claim against a misjoined party may be severed and proceeded with separate
ly \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Class suits (Sec. 12) \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri54
5\sb32\sl-250\slmult0\tx1440\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
Subject matter of controversy is one of common or general interest to many pers
ons so numerous it is impracticable \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 to j
oin all as parties, a number of them which the court finds to be sufficiently nu
merous and representative as to fully \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 p
rotect the interests of all concerned may sue or defend for the benefit of all \
par\pard\qj \li1080\ri3381\sb6\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0

\f4\fs22 Any party in interest shall have the right to intervene to protect his
individual interest \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \
u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Mathay vs. Cons
olidated Bank\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (58 SCRA 559) \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1
\sl-231\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul
0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Requirements of a class
suit: \par\pard\ql \li2881\ri1195\sb22\sl-240\slmult0\tx3241 \up0 \expndtw-1\cha
rscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs22 \u-3929?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 That the subject matter of the controversy be one of
common or general interest to many \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 pers
ons, and \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri723\sb12\sl-250\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\ch
arscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs22 \u-3929?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 That such persons be so numerous as to make it impr
acticable to bring them all to the court \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul
0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\
fs22 Existence of a class suit depends upon the attending facts, not upon the
designation in the complaint \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Subje
ct matter - the physical facts, the things real or personal, the money, lands, c
hattels and the like, in \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri1314\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\fi360 \u
p0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 relation to which the suit is prosecuted, and not th
e delict or wrong committed by the defendant \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs
22 Mathay is not a class suit, Mathay\u8216?s interest wasn\u8216?t the same a
s the shareholders\u8216? interest \par\pard\ql \li720\sb249\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 Defendants \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4
\fs22 Unwilling co-plaintiff (Sec 10) \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri543\sb38\sl-240\s
lmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If the consent of any
party who should be joined as plaintiff cannot be obtained, he may be made a def
endant \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 and the reason therefor shall be
stated in the complaint \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\
charscalex100 2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Alter
native defendant (Sec 13) \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri556\sb33\sl-250\slmult0\tx2161\
tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\no
supersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Where the plaintiff is uncert
ain against who of several persons he is entitled to relief, he may join any or
all of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 them as defendants in the alterna
tive, although a right to relief against one may be inconsistent with a right to
\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 relief against the other \par\pard\ql
\li1080\sb0\sl-239\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 3.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f
6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Unknown defendant (Sec 14; Rule 14, Sec 14
) \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri1020\sb24\sl-260\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
upersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Whenever the identity or name of a defendant is unknown, he
may be sued as the unknown owner, heir, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
devisee, or by such other designation as the case may require \par\pard\ql \li1
2 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When his ide
ntity or true name is discovered, the pleading must be amended accordingly (Sec
14) \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri823\sb33\sl-246\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6
\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In any action where the defendant is unknown
or whenever his whereabouts are unknown and cannot be \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2
\charscalex100 ascertained by diligent inquiry, service may, by leave of court,
be effected upon him by publication in a \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex10
0 newspaper of general circulation and in such places and for such time as the c
ourt may order (Rule 14, Sec \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 14) \par\p
ard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-238\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 4.\ul0\nosupersu

b\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Entity without juridical personalit
y as defendant (Sec 15; Rule 14, Sec 8) \par\pard\li720\sb232\sl-276\slmult0\fi0
\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D
2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 8\ul0\n
osupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs2
4\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg9}{\bkmkend Pg9}\par\pard
\ql \li8408\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8408\sb196\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Civil Procedure | Justice de L
eon \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri668\sb34\sl-240\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\no
supersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When two or more persons not organized as an entity with j
uridical personality enter into a transaction, they \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 may be sued under the name by which they are generally or commonly k
nown. \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri784\sb24\sl-260\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\char
nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In the answer of such defendant, the names and addresses
of the persons composing said entity must all be \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\char
scalex100 revealed (Sec 15) \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri984\sb37\sl-240\slmult0\tx216
sub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Service may be effected upon all t
he defendants by serving upon any one of them, or upon the person in \line\tab \
up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 charge of the office or place of business maintaine
d in such name \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri846\sb40\sl-240\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expnd
22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Such service shall not bind individually any pe
rson whose connection with the entity has, upon due notice, \line\tab \up0 \expn
dtw-4\charscalex100 been severed before the action was brought (Rule 14, Sec 8)
\par\pard\ql \li720\sb250\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Death of
party; duty of counsel (Secs 16, 20) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri836\sb38\sl-240\slmu
lt0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul
0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Duty of counsel to inform
court within 30 days after death of the fact thereof, and to give the name and
address of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 party\u8216?s legal represent
ative \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb50\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul
0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
3\f4\fs22 Failure of counsel to comply shall be a ground for disciplinary actio
n \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri588\sb2\sl-260\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Heirs of deceased may be allowed to be substituted for the de
ceased without requiring appointment of an executor or \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3
\charscalex100 administrator and court may appoint a guardian ad litem for minor
heirs \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb26\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u
f3\f4\fs22 Court shall order said legal representative to appear and be substit
uted within a period of 30 days from notice \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri546\sb34\sl-2
45\slmult0\tx1440\tx1440\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If n
o legal representative is named by counsel for deceased, or if one so named shal
l fail to appear within the specified \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 pe
riod, court may order opposing party, within a specified time, to procure appoin
tment of an executor or \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 administrator f
or the estate of the deceased and the latter shall immediately appear for and on
behalf of the deceased. \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Court charges
in procuring such appointment, if defrayed by opposing party, may be recovered a
s costs (Sec 16) \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1. \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 If plaintiff dies during pendency of case \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri878\sb40\
sl-240\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22
\u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Action survive
s and continues, except if the action is purely personal to him, such as action
for support or \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 legal separation \par\par

d\ql \li1800\sb50\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Dec
eased plaintiff shall be substituted by legal representatives \par\pard\qj \li10
80\ri3795\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2. \tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 If defendant dies, effect of his death depends up
on nature of the pending action \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Action o
n contractual money claims \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb8\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
-4\charscalex100 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 De
fendant dies before entry of final judgment: \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb1\sl-237\slm
b\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Action shall not be dismissed and s
hall be allowed to continue until entry of final judgment \par\pard\ql \li2521\r
i565\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1
1\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A favorab
le judgment obtained by the plaintiff shall be enforced in the manner especially
provided in \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the rules for prosecuting c
laims against the estate of a deceased person \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri803\sb0\sl240\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Defendant dies after entry of final judgment and a
writ of execution has been issued but the sheriff has not \line\tab \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 yet levied properties of the defendant \par\pard\ql \li2521\s
b3\sl-238\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\
ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Sheriff shall \ul0\nos
upersub\cf4\f5\fs22 not\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 proceed with levy \par\pard\
ql \li2521\ri1033\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\n
2 Plaintiff should file money claim in the estate proceedings for the settleme
nt of the estate of the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 defendant \par\p
ard\ql \li2521\sb1\sl-216\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If no
estate proceedings yet, plaintiff may initiate the same and file his claim there
in \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb10\sl-233\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 3.\ul0
\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Defendant dies after entr
y of final judgment and levy \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri631\sb5\sl-260\slmult0\fi108
0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosup
ersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Judgment shall be enforced by a
writ of execution by proceeding with the sale of the levied property \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 Action for recovery of real or personal property, or to enfo
rce a lien on real or personal property \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
b\cf3\f4\fs22 Action survives and shall continue \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb26\sl-2
53\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul
0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Deceased must be substitu
ted by his heirs or legal representatives \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri740\sb38\sl-240
\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-392
2?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When judgment agains
t defendant becomes final and executory, said judgment can be enforced or execut
ed \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 against the executor or administrator
of the estate of the deceased \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri5160\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\tx
1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Action for recovery of damages for injury to
person or property \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f
7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Action
survives and shall continue \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Heirs or legal representatives must be substitu
ted \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri533\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If judgment against defendant has become final and
executory, judgment is actually for money so that it could \line\tab \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 not be enforced against the executor or administrator, remedy

of plaintiff is to file judgment as money claim \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 in the estate proceedings \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri666\sb60\sl-240\slmul
t0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0
\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If defendant dies after en
try of final judgment and after levy - judgment enforced by proceeding with sale
of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 levied properties \par\pard\ql \li72
0\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Effect of non-substitution of
a deceased party \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\chars
calex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Heirs of Bertuldo Hinog vs. Melicor\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4
\fs22 (455 SCRA 460) \par\pard\li720\sb149\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \exp
ndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 9\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\f
s24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66
}
}}
}
}}
}
g10}{\bkmkend Pg10}\par\pard\ql \li8408\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8408\s
b196\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Ci
vil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1\sl-232\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Non-compliance with the rule on substitution wou
ld render the proceedings and judgment of the trial \par\pard\qj \li2521\ri623\s
b22\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 court infirm because the court
acquires no jurisdiction over the persons of the legal representatives or of \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the heirs on whom the trial and the judgment would be
binding. \par\pard\ql \li2161\ri658\sb20\sl-240\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \exp

\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The purpose behind the rule on substitution is th
e protection of the right of every party to due process, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 to ensure that the deceased party would continue to be properly
represented in the suit through the duly \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 appointed legal representative of his estate. \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb30\sl-25
3\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0
\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 De la Cruz vs. Joaquin\ul0
\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (464 SCRA 576) \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri555\sb18\sl-240\s
lmult0\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\
nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When a party to a pending
action dies and the claim is not extinguished, the rules require a substitution
of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 the deceased. \par\pard\ql \li2161\ri
1725\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1
1\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The rule
on substitution of parties was crafted to protect every party\u8216?s right to d
ue process \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nos
upersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Court has nullified not only
trial proceedings conducted without the appearance of the legal \line\tab \up0 \
expndtw-3\charscalex100 representatives of the deceased, but also the resulting
judgments \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri702\sb11\sl-240\slmult0\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-2\
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Formal substitution by heirs is not necessary when they
themselves voluntarily appear, participate in the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 case, and present evidence in defense of the deceased. \par\pard\ql \l
i2161\ri568\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\
22 Strictly speaking, the rule on substitution by heirs is not a matter of jur
isdiction, but a requirement of due \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 proc
ess. Mere failure to substitute for a deceased plaintiff is not a sufficient gro
und to nullify a trial \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 court\u8216?s de
cision. Alleging party must prove that there was an undeniable violation of due
process. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb1\sl-228\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 De
ath or separation of party who is a public officer (Sec 17) \par\pard\ql \li1080
\ri618\sb34\sl-250\slmult0\tx1440\tx1440\tx1440\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When a public officer is a party in his official capacity and
during its pendency he dies, resigns, or otherwise ceases to \line\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 hold office, action may be continued and maintained by or
against his successor if, within 30 days after the successor \line \tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 takes office or such time as may be granted by the court,
it is satisfactorily shown to the court by any party that there \line \tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 is a substantial need for continuing or maintaining it
and that the successor adopts or continues or threatens to adopt \line \tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 or continue the action of his predecessor. \par\pard\q
l \li720\ri1291\sb30\sl-250\slmult0\fi360\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf3\f4\fs22 Before a substitution is made, party or officer to be affected, unl
ess expressly assenting thereto, shall be given \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charsc
alex100 reasonable notice of the application therefor and accorded an opportunit
y to be heard \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Incompetency or incapacity (Se
c 18) \par\pard\ql \li720\ri867\sb39\sl-240\slmult0\fi360\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If a party becomes incompetent or incapacitated, th
e court upon motion with notice, may allow the action to be \line\tab \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 continued by or against the incompetent or incapacitated per
son assisted by his legal guardian or guardian ad litem \line \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 Transfer of interest (Sec 19) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri786\sb24\sl-260
2?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Action may be contin

ued by or against the original party, unless the court upon motion directs the p
erson to whom \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the interest is transferre
d to be substituted or joined with the original party \par\pard\ql \li720\sb1\sl
-235\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Indigent party (Sec 21) \par\pard\qj
\li1080\ri1143\sb41\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
fs22 Indigent - one who has no money or property sufficient and available for f
ood, shelter and basic necessities for \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 h
imself and his family \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri643\sb24\sl-260\slmult0\tx1440 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf
5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Party will be authorized to litigate his
action, claim or defense as an indigent if the court, upon an ex parte applicat
ion \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 and hearing is satisfied that the pa
rty is indigent \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri729\sb37\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expn
s22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If indigent wins, legal fees (which he did not
pay) shall be a lien on any judgment he wins, unless the court otherwise \line\
tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 provides \par\pard\ql \li720\sb3\sl-237\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Notice to Solicitor General (Sec 22) \par\pard\q
f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In any
action involving the validity of any treaty, law, ordinance, executive order, p
residential decree, rules or \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1090\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 regulations, the court in its discretion, may require
the appearance of the Solicitor General who may be heard in \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 person or through a representative duly designated by him. \par\pard\q
l \li5795\sb249\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2
\f3\fs24 Rule 4 \par\pard\ql \li5253\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 Venue of Actions \par\pard\ql \li5368\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 (Sections 1 to 4) \par\pard\ql \li720\s
b0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li720\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Venue defined \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri679\sb38
\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22
\u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Venue - place
where the action is to be commenced/instituted and tried. The place of trial an
d geographical location \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 on which an acti
on should be brought \par\pard\ql \li720\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 Distinguished from jurisdiction \par\pard\li720\sb8\sl-253\slmult0\fi
2885\tx8509 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Venue\tab
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Jurisdiction\par\pard\li720\sb2\sl-253\slmult0\fi7
20\tx6583 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Place where
action is to be instituted and tried\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Power of
court to try and decide a case\par\pard\li720\sb6\sl-253\slmult0\fi720\tx6583 \u
p0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 May be waived\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Juri
sdiction over the SM or nature of the action is\par\pard\li720\sb54\sl-276\slmul
t0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suare
z | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 1
0\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66
}
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{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft11524\shptop14034\shpright11625\shpbottom14279\shpfhdr0
\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz758\shplid4
}
}}
{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft6583\shptop14034\shpright11524\shpbottom14279\shpfhdr0\
shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz764\shplid5
}
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}
pndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 conferred by law, therefore, c
annot be waived \par\pard\li1440\sb12\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx6583 \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 Procedural\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Substantive\par\pard\
li1440\sb6\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx6583 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 May be change
d by written agreement of the parties\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Cannot b
e the subject of an agreement of the parties\par\pard\ql \li720\ri4511\sb221\sl280\slmult0\tx1080 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Venue of real actions (Sec 1) \
line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\
nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Location of property \par\p
ard\ql \li720\sb1\sl-231\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Venue of personal
actions (Sec 2) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb31\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
supersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Against resident defendant - where plaintiff resides or wh
ere defendant resides, at the election of the plaintiff \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri1
\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Again
st non-resident defendant - where plaintiff resides or where defendant may be fo
und, at the election of the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 plaintiff \p
ar\pard\qj \li1080\ri1200\sb60\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 Resides - place of abode, whether permanent or temporary, of th

e plaintiff or defendant. Actual residence, not \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charsc
alex100 domicile or legal residence. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 Venue of actions against non-residents (Sec 3) \par\pa
rd\qj \li1080\ri4228\sb21\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Quasi in
rem = action affects personal status of plaintiff - residence of plaintiff \line
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 In rem = action affects property of defendant in
Phils. - location of property \par\pard\ql \li720\sb250\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw-3\charscalex100 When rule not applicable (Sec 4) \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri338
5\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\
f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Where a specific rule or law provides oth
erwise \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-39
22?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Diaz vs. Adiong\ul0
\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (219 SCRA 631) \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri705\sb0\sl-250\sl
mult0\tx2881\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22
o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 According to the RPC
, an offended party who is at the same time a public official can only institute
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 an action arising from libel in two ven
ues: the place where he holds office and the place where the \line \tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 alleged libelous articles were printed and first published
. \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-201\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2.\ul0\n
osupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Where parties have validly
agreed in writing before filing of the action on exclusive venue thereof \par\pa
cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Ph
il. Banking Corp. vs. Tensuan\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (228 SCRA 385) \par\pa
f11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Parties
, by written agreement, may change or transfer the venue of an action \par\pard\
\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Stipulatio
n where parties expressly submit to jurisdiction of a particular court any legal
action may \par\pard\qj \li2881\ri601\sb21\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\chars
calex100 arise out of the promissory note must be distinguished from stipulation
s which purport to require or \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 compel the par
ties to lay venue of an action in a specified place, and in that particular plac
e only. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb250\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 W
aiver of improper venue \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 expre
ss waiver \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 implied waiver \par
\pard\ql \li1800\sb50\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupers
Dacoycoy vs. IAC\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (195 SCRA 641) \par\pard\ql \li252
1\ri547\sb0\sl-245\slmult0\tx2881\tx2881\tx2881\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf3\f4\fs22 Dismissing the complaint on the ground of improper venue is certa
inly not the appropriate course of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 actio
n at this stage of the proceeding, particularly as venue, in inferior courts as
well as in the RTC, \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 may be waived expre
ssly or impliedly. Where a defendant fails to challenge timely the venue in a \l
ine \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 motion to dismiss, and allows the trial t
o be held and a decision to be rendered, he cannot appeal or \line \tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 belatedly challenge the wrong venue, which is deemed waive
d. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb243\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 How to
question improper venue \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4
\charscalex100 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Moti
on to dismiss (Rule 16, Sec 1(c)) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw-4\charscalex100 2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs
22 Affirmative defense in answer (Rule 16, Sec 6) \par\pard\ql \li5983\sb251\s
l-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 Pleading

s \par\pard\ql \li5085\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 (Substan
tial Requirements) \par\pard\ql \li720\sb247\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In general \par\pard\ql \li989\sb1\sl-237\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Defined (Rule 6, Sec 1) \par\pard\qj \li10
Pleadings\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 - written statements of the respective cl
aims and defenses of the parties submitted to the court for \line\tab \up0 \expn
dtw-4\charscalex100 appropriate judgment \par\pard\ql \li1262\sb3\sl-237\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Distinguished from motion (Rule 15, Sec 1) \par\p
ard\qj \li989\ri5292\sb41\sl-240\slmult0\fi811 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul
4\f5\fs22 Motion\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 - application for relief other tha
n by pleading \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 What allowed (Rule 6, Sec 2) \par\pa
rd\ql \li1349\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1.\ul0\nosupersu
b\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Complaint \par\pard\li720\sb129\sl276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs2
4 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\
f3\fs24 11\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66
}
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}
pndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Counterclaim \par\pard\ql \li1349\sb11\sl-253\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 3.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf3\f4\fs22 Cross-claim \par\pard\ql \li1349\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 4.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Th
ird (Fourth, etc)-party complaint \par\pard\ql \li1349\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 5.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\f
s22 Complaint-in-intervention \par\pard\ql \li1349\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw-1\charscalex100 6.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
Answer - pleading w/c alleges defenses to the pleadings asserting a claim \pa
r\pard\ql \li1349\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 7.\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Reply - pleadings w/c responds t
o the answer \par\pard\ql \li989\ri3237\sb21\sl-240\slmult0\fi811 \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 * 1-5 are pleadings w/c assert the party\u8216?s claim \line \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Parts of a pleading (Rule 7) \par\pard\li1349\sb9\sl253\slmult0\fi0\tx1709 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 A.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 Caption\par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-238\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charsca
lex100 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Name of the
Court \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 2.\u
l0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Title of the Action - n
ame of parties and their respective participation \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb3\sl-23
7\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf3\f4\fs22 Docket number, if assigned \par\pard\ql \li1349\sb10\sl-253
\slmult0\tx1709 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 B. \tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex
100 Body - sets forth its \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Designation \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri3172\sb5\sl-280
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\
nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Allegations of the party\u8
216?s claims or defenses \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6
\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Relie
f prayed for \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb23\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex
100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf3\f4\fs22 Date of pleading \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\f
s22 Paragraphs \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charsc
alex100 2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Headings \p
ar\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 3.\ul0\nosup
ersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Reliefs \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb
3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 4.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Date of pleading \par\pard\ql \li1349\sb10\sl-253\sl
mult0\tx1709 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 C. \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
Signature and Address \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri1304\sb5\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expn
s22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Every pleading \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 mus
t\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 be signed by the party or his counsel - unsigned p
leadings have \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 no legal effect \up0 \expndtw-4\charsc
supersub\cf3\f4\fs22 His address w/c should \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 not\ul0
\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 be a post office box should be indicated \par\pard\li13

49\sb1\sl-240\slmult0\fi0\tx1709 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 D.\tab \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 Verification\par\pard\qj \li1800\ri2450\sb33\sl-240\slmult0\
supersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 General Rule\ul0\nosupersub\c
f3\f4\fs22 : Pleadings \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 need\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs
22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 not\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 be under \ul0\no
supersub\cf4\f5\fs22 oath\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 , verified or accompanied b
y affidavit \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22
Exception\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 : When otherwise specifically required by l
aw: \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1.\ul
0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Petition to take deposit
ion before action; \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\chars
calex100 2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Petition f
or relief from judgment; \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 3.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 App
eal by Certiorari from the CA to the SC; \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1\sl-237\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
3\f4\fs22 Application for Preliminary Injunction or Temporary Restraining Orde
r; \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 5.\ul0\
nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Application for appointmen
t of a receiver; \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
lex100 6.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Petition for
Certiorari, Prohibition, or Mandamus; \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb10\sl-253\slmult0
\f4\fs22 All pleadings of forcible entry and unlawful detainer; \par\pard\ql \
li2161\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 8.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6
\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Petition for appointment of general guardia
n; \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 9.\ul0
\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Petition of guardian for
leave to sell or encumber property of estate; \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1\sl-237\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 10.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 Petition to declare competency of ward; \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb3
\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 11.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Application for Writ of habeas corpus; \par\pard\ql \l
i2161\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 12.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f
6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Petition for change of name; \par\pard\ql \l
i2161\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 13.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6
\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Petition for voluntary dissolution of corpora
tion; \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 14.
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Petition to correct ent
ries in civil registry; \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri3427\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\fi360 \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 15.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f
4\fs22 Pleadings in Summary Procedure. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 How v
erified? \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri757\sb22\sl-260\slmult0\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 By an affidavit that the affiant has read the pleadin
g and that the allegations therein are true and correct \line\tab \up0 \expndtw4\charscalex100 of his knowledge and belief \par\pard\ql \li1349\sb1\sl-235\slmu
lt0\tx1709 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 E. \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 C
ertification against Forum Shopping \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb31\sl-253\slmult0 \up
f5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Required only for complaint or initiato
ry pleading \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri1794\sb5\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Certification may be in the complaint or in a sworn state
ment annexed and simultaneously filed \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper
Shall contain the following undertakings: \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri552\sb34\sl-2
40\slmult0\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3
913?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 That he has not c

ommenced any action or filed any claim involving the same issues in any court, t
ribunal, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 or quasi-judicial agency and, t
o the best of his knowledge, no such action or claim is pending therein; \par\pa
cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3913?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 I
f there is such pending action or claim, a complete statement of the present sta
tus thereof; and \par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\sl
mult0\par\pard\li720\sb37\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 12\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosu
persub\cf2\f3\fs24 66\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\
sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg13}{\bkmkend Pg13}\par\pard\ql \li8408\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \p
ar\pard\ql\li8408\sb196\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf1\f2\fs24 Civil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\ql \li2161\ri617\sb
26\sl-250\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
6\f7\fs22 \u-3913?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If
he should thereafter learn that the same or similar action or claim has been fil
ed or is pending, he shall \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 report that f
act w/in 5 days therefrom to the court where his aforesaid complaint or initiato
ry pleading \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 has been filed \par\pard\ql
7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Effect
of lack of certification or failure to comply: \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb27\sl-253\
osupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Failure to comply is \ul0\no
supersub\cf4\f5\fs22 not curable \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 by mere amendment o
f complaint; \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex
rsub\cf3\f4\fs22 Dismissal of case is \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 w/o prejudice
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 , unless otherwise provided \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri2
759\sb5\sl-280\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\
f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Effect
of submission of false certification or non-compliance with the undertakings: \
line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\
nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Indirect contempt of court
\par\pard\ql \li2161\sb23\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosu
s22 Administrative or criminal action \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri5859\sb0\sl-290\sl
mult0\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u
-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Effect of willfu
l and deliberate forum-shopping \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
fs22 Summary dismissal (of case) w/ prejudice \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
supersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Direct contempt \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1\sl-225\slmult0 \u
cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Administrative sanction \par\pard\ql \
li989\sb252\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 How allegations made \p
ar\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 In general (
Rule 8, Sec 1) -\par\pard\ql \li1440\ri599\sb61\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800\tx1800 \up
f5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Every pleading shall contain in a metho
dical and logical form, a plain concise and direct statement of the ultimate \li
ne\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 facts on which the party pleading relies fo
r his claim or defense, as the case may be, omitting the statement of \line \tab
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 mere evidentiary facts \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri625
\sb40\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7
\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Ultimate
Facts\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 - those facts w/c directly form the basis of
the right sought to be enforced, or the defense relied \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4
\charscalex100 upon \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1105\sb60\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800 \up0
\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If a defense relied on is based on law, t
he pertinent provisions thereof and their applicability to him shall be \line\ta
b \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 clearly and concisely stated \par\pard\ql \li144
0\ri4348\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Capacity (Rule
8, Sec 4) \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u
-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Must be averred
\par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosup
ersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs
22 Party desiring to raise an issue as to the legal existence of any party or t
he capacity of any party to sue or be \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri530\sb0\sl-260\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 sued in a representative capacity, shall do so
by specific denial, which shall include such supporting particulars \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 as are peculiarly within the pleader\u8216?s knowledge \par\p
ard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-216\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Alternative Clai
ms and defenses (Rule 8, Sec 2) \par\pard\qj \li2156\ri610\sb28\sl-260\slmult0\t
x2516 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nos
upersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Party may set forth two or mor
e statements of a claim or defense alternatively or hypothetically, either in \l
ine\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 one cause of action or defense or in separ
ate causes of action or defenses \par\pard\ql \li2156\ri631\sb37\sl-240\slmult0\
tx2516\tx2516 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When two or more state
ments are made in the alternative and one of them if made independently would \l
ine\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 be sufficient, the pleading is not made in
sufficient by the insufficiency of one or more of the alternative \line \tab \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 statements \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Conditions precedent (Rule 8, Sec 3) \par\pard\qj \
li1800\ri1069\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\fi355 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosup
22 A general averment of the performance or occurrence of all conditions preced
ent shall be sufficient \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Fraud and mistake, conditi
on of mind (Rule 8, Sec 5) \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs2
2 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Must be stated w/ particularity \par\pard\ql \li
1800\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Judgments (Rule 8, Sec 6)
\par\pard\qj \li1709\ri1979\sb24\sl-260\slmult0\fi451 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
rsub\cf3\f4\fs22 Sufficient to aver the judgment w/o setting forth matter showi
ng jurisdiction to render it \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Official documents (R
ule 8, Sec 9) \par\pard\qj \li989\ri2262\sb37\sl-240\slmult0\fi1171 \up0 \expndt
2 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Sufficient to aver that the document was issued
or the act done in compliance w/ law \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Need to bring
in new parties (Rule 6, Sec 12) \par\pard\ql \li1349\ri591\sb32\sl-250\slmult0\
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When the presence of p
arties other than those to the original action is required for the granting of c
omplete relief \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 in the determination of a
counterclaim or cross-claim, the court shall order them to be brought in as def
endants, if \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 jurisdiction over them can
be obtained \par\pard\ql \li720\sb228\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 Complaint \par\pard\ql \li989\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
0 Defined and in general (Rule 6, Sec 3) \par\pard\qj \li989\ri4667\sb38\sl-240\
slmult0\fi91 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\
ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Complaint\ul0\nosupersu
b\cf3\f4\fs22 - pleading alleging the plaintiff\u8216?s cause or causes of acti
on \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Allegations \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb10\sl-253\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 In general (Rule 8, Sec 1) \par\pard\li720\s

b229\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf2\f3\fs24 13\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66
\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg1
4}{\bkmkend Pg14}\par\pard\ql \li8408\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8408\sb1
l Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri593\sb26\sl-250\slmult0\tx1
800\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul
0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Every pleading shall cont
ain in a methodical and logical form, a plain concise and direct statement of th
e ultimate \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 facts on which the party plea
ding relies for his claim or defense, as the case may be, omitting the statement
of \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 mere evidentiary facts \par\pard\qj
\li1440\ri625\sb39\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
fs22 Ultimate Facts\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 - those facts w/c directly form
the basis of the right sought to be enforced, or the defense relied \line\tab \
up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 upon \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1110\sb40\sl-240\slmult
0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\
nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If a defense relied on is b
ased on law, the pertinent provisions thereof and their applicability to him sha
ll be \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 clearly and concisely stated \par\
pard\ql \li1440\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
Mathay vs. Consolidated Bank and Trust Company\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (58 S
CRA 559) \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri1119\sb18\sl-240\slmult0\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw-3\
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When ground for motion to dismiss is based on lack of ca
use of action, only allegations of the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
complaint must be considered \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri1156\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\tx28
81 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\
cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A motion to dismiss based on lack of
cause of action hypothetically admits the truth of factual \line\tab \up0 \expnd
tw-4\charscalex100 allegations in the complaint \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri1039\sb0\
2 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Allegation that an
act was unlawful or wrongful is a mere conclusion of law, the same not being \l
ine\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 necessarily inferable from the ultimate fa
cts stated in the causes of action \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb0\sl-198\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 Capacity of parties (Rule 8, Sec 4) \par\pard\ql \li216
\u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Must be averre
d \par\pard\ql \li2161\ri657\sb30\sl-250\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-1\c
l0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Party desiring to raise an issue as to the legal exis
tence of any party or the capacity of any party to sue or \line\tab \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 be sued in a representative capacity, shall do so by specific
denial, which shall include such supporting \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 particulars as are peculiarly within the pleader\u8216?s knowledge \par\par
d\ql \li2161\sb0\sl-239\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Actions based upon
a document (Rule 8, Sec 7) \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Sufficient to aver that the document was issued
or the act done in compliance w/ law \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub
\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Substance of such instrument or docum
ent shall be set forth in the pleading, and the original or a \par\pard\qj \li28
81\ri542\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 copy shall be attached
to the pleading as an exhibit, which shall be deemed to be part of the pleading
, \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 or said copy may with like effect be set forth i
n the pleading \par\pard\ql \li720\sb1\sl-213\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 Answer \par\pard\ql \li989\sb14\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
Defined and in general (Rule 6, Sec 4) \par\pard\qj \li989\ri4359\sb38\sl-240\s
lmult0\fi359 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\
ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Answer - a pleading in
which a defending party sets forth his defenses \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Ty
pes of defenses \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 Negative (Rule 6, Sec 5(a)) \par\pard\qj \li1709\ri722\sb24\sl-260\slmult0
\tx2069 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\n
osupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The specific denial of the m
aterial fact or facts alleged in the pleading of the claimant essential to his c
ause or \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 causes of action \par\pard\ql \l
i1800\sb1\sl-235\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 How alleged, generally (R
ule 8, Sec 10) \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri747\sb41\sl-240\slmult0\tx2521 \up0 \expnd
22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Specify each material allegation of fact the tr
uth of which he does not admit and, whenever practicable, \line\tab \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 set forth the substance of the matters upon which he relies to
support his denial \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri544\sb24\sl-260\slmult0\tx2521 \up0 \
expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\
f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Where a defendant desires to deny only a p
art of an averment, he shall specify so much of it as is true and \line\tab \up0
\expndtw-4\charscalex100 material and shall deny only the remainder \par\pard\q
cf3\f4\fs22 Where a defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to
form a belief as to the truth of a \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 mate
rial averment made in the complaint, he shall so state, and this shall also have
the effect of a denial \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Capacity of parties
(Rule 8, Sec 4) \par\pard\ql \li2156\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
supersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Facts showing capacity must be averred \par\pard\ql \li180
0\ri1093\sb30\sl-250\slmult0\fi355\tx2516 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
fs22 Party desiring to raise as an issue the capacity of any party shall do so
by specific denial, which shall \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 include
such supporting particulars as are peculiarly within the pleader\u8216?s knowled
ge \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Genuineness of documents (Rule 8, Sec 8)
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Genuineness is deemed admitted unless the adverse party, unde
r oath, specifically denies them and sets \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex10
0 forth what he claims to be the facts \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri690\sb32\sl-250\sl
mult0\fi355\tx2516 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Oath requirement
does not apply when adverse party does not appear to be a party to the instrumen
t or \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 when compliance with an order for a
n inspection of the original document is refused \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 Negative pregnant \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb28\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Philamgen vs. Sweet Lines\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs2
2 (212 SCRA 194) \par\pard\ql \li3241\ri1041\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx3601\tx3601 \
f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Negative pregnant - denial pregnant with
the admission of the substantial facts in the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 pleading responded to which are not squarely denied. It is in effect an ad
mission of the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 averment it is directed
to \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Affirma
tive (Rule 6, Sec 5(b)) \par\pard\li720\sb170\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \e
xpndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \

expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 14\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f
2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\p
aperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg15}{\bkmkend Pg15}\par\pard\ql \li8408\s
b0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8408\sb196\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Civil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard
\qj \li1709\ri683\sb34\sl-240\slmult0\tx2069 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\
f4\fs22 An allegation of a new matter which, while hypothetically admitting the
material allegations in the pleading of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
the claimant, would nevertheless prevent or bar recovery by him \par\pard\ql \l
i1709\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\f
s22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Affirmativ
e defenses include: \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf3\f4\fs22 Fraud \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri3793\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \ex
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Statute of limitations \line \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
rscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf3\f4\fs22 Release \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri4308\sb18\sl-240\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\
fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Payment \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \
4\fs22 Illegality \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri3973\sb20\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Statute of frauds \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex10
0 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
3\f4\fs22 Estoppel \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
persub\cf3\f4\fs22 Former recovery \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f
6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Discharge in bankruptcy \par\pard\qj \li98
9\ri4586\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\fi1531 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Any o
ther matter by way of confession and avoidance \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Imp
lied admissions (Rule 9, Sec 1) \par\pard\ql \li1349\sb1\sl-238\slmult0 \up0 \ex
\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Defenses and objections not pleaded either i
n a MTD or in the answer are deemed waived \par\pard\ql \li1349\sb30\sl-253\slmu
ersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 However, when it appears from th
e pleadings or evidence on record that the court has no jurisdiction over the \p
ar\pard\qj \li1709\ri582\sb18\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 subje
ct matter, that there is another action pending between the same parties for the
same cause, or that the action \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 is barred by a pri
or judgment or by statute of limitations, the court shall dismiss the claim \par
\pard\ql \li989\sb250\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Periods to pl
ead (Rule 11, Secs 1-3) \par\pard\ql \li1349\ri760\sb22\sl-260\slmult0\tx1709 \u
cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Answer to the complaint: within 15 day
s after service of summons, unless a different period is fixed by the court \lin
e \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosuper
sub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Answer of a defendant foreign priv
ate juridical entity: if service of summons is made on the government official \
line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 designated by law to receive the same, an
swer shall be within 30 days after receipt of summons by such entity \par\pard\q
f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Answer
to amended complaint -\par\pard\ql \li2069\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\c
supersub\cf3\f4\fs22 matter of right: within 15 days after being served with a

copy \par\pard\ql \li2069\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0
s22 not a matter of right: within 10 days from notice of the order admitting t
he same \par\pard\qj \li989\ri1808\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\fi811 \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 An answer earlier filed may serve as the answer to the amended complai
nt if no new answer is filed \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Waiver of defenses (R
ule 9, Sec 2) \par\pard\ql \li1349\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscale
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Compulsory counterclaim or a cross-claim not set up shall be
barred \par\pard\ql \li720\sb227\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Co
unterclaims \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
0 Defined and in general (Rule 6, Sec 6) \par\pard\qj \li1349\ri3001\sb38\sl-240
nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Counterclaim - any claim wh
ich a defending party may have against an opposing party \up0 \expndtw-4\charsca
lex100 How raised \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 Included in answer (Rule 6, Sec 9; Rule 11, Sec 8) \par\pard\qj \li2161
\ri1149\sb2\sl-260\slmult0\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Co
unterclaim may be asserted against an original counter-claimant. A cross-claim m
ay also be filed \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 against an original cro
ss-claimant (Rule 6, Sec 9) \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri672\sb37\sl-240\slmult0\tx252
sub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Compulsory counterclaim or a cross
-claim that a defending party has at the time he files his answer shall \line\ta
b \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 be contained therein (Rule 11, Sec 8) \par\pard\
ql \li1800\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 After answer (Rule
6, Sec 9; Rule 11, Sec 9) \par\pard\qj \li2156\ri1154\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\tx2516
ub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Counterclaim may be asserted agains
t an original counter-claimant. A cross-claim may also be filed \line\tab \up0 \
expndtw-4\charscalex100 against an original cross-claimant (Rule 6, Sec 9) \par\
ex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf3\f4\fs22 Counterclaim or a cross-claim which either matured or was ac
quired by a party after serving his pleading \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 may, with the permission of the court, be presented as a counterclaim or cr
oss-claim by supplemental \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 pleading befo
re judgment (Rule 11, Sec 9) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-239\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 Kinds of counterclaims \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb3\sl-237\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Compulsory (Rule 6, Sec 7; Rule 9, Sec 2) \par\p
ard\ql \li2161\ri647\sb36\sl-246\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-1\ch
0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Compulsory counterclaim - one which, being cognizable
by the regular courts of justice, arises out of or \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
rscalex100 is connected with the transaction or occurrence constituting the subj
ect matter of the opposing party\u8216?s \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex10
0 claim and does not require for its adjudication the presence of third parties
of whom the court cannot \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 acquire jurisd
iction. \par\pard\ql \li2881\sb9\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4
\fs22 Must be within the jurisdiction of the court both as to the amount and n
ature thereof, \par\pard\ql \li3601\ri780\sb18\sl-240\slmult0\tx3961 \up0 \expnd
tw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs22 \u-3929?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\
fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Except that in an original action before the
RTC, the counterclaim may be considered \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
compulsory regardless of the amount. (Rule 6, Sec 7) \par\pard\li720\sb52\sl-27
6\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24
K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3
\fs24 15\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66

}
}}
}
}}
}
vil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri2197\sb34\sl-240\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersu
b\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A compulsory counterclaim, or a cros
s-claim, not set up shall be barred (Rule 9, Sec 2) \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex10
0 -\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Cannot be independ
ently adjudicated \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri4928\sb20\sl-240\slmult0\fi360\tx2161 \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f
4\fs22 Jurisdiction (both as to amount and nature; exception) \line\tab \up0 \
expndtw-3\charscalex100 -\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs2
2 Filing fees and non-forum certification not required \line \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 Permissive \par\pard\ql \li2161\ri617\sb44\sl-260\slmult0\tx2521 \
\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Permissive counterclaim - does not ar
ise out of the opposing party\u8216?s claim or necessarily connected with \line\
tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the transaction or occurrence constituting the
subject matter of the opposing party\u8216?s claim. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Not barred even if not pleaded \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb26\
sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922
?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 May be filed as an in
dependent action \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charsc

supersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Korea Exchange Bank vs. Gonzales \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs
22 (456 SCRA 224) \par\pard\ql \li3241\ri1149\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx3601 \up0 \ex
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Counterclaim - any claim for money or other reli
ef which a defending party may have \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 agai
nst an opposing party. \par\pard\ql \li3241\sb8\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\c
supersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A counterclaim is compulsory if: \par\pard\ql \li3961\ri1
103\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\tx4322 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf
5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 It arises out of, or is necessarily con
nected with, the transaction or occurrence \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 which is the subject matter of the opposing party\u8216?s claim; \par\pard\ql
\li3961\ri905\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx4322 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 b.\ul0\no
supersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 It does not require for its a
djudication the presence of third parties of whom the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 court cannot acquire jurisdiction; and \par\pard\ql \li3961\sb3\sl
-236\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 c.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The court has jurisdiction to entertain the claim. \par\
pard\ql \li3241\ri905\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx3601 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \u
\fs22 Compulsory counterclaim cannot be made the subject of a separate action
but should be \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 asserted in the same suit
involving the same transaction or occurrence giving rise to it. \line \up0 \expn
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Test to determine compulsory or permissive nature
of specific counterclaims: \par\pard\ql \li3961\sb1\sl-229\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Ar
e the issues of fact and law raised by the claim and counterclaim largely the sa
me? \par\pard\ql \li3961\ri1570\sb22\sl-240\slmult0\tx4322 \up0 \expndtw-1\chars
calex100 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Would res j
udicata bar a subsequent suit on defendant\u8216?s claim absent the \line\tab \u
p0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 compulsory counterclaim rule? \par\pard\ql \li3961\r
i972\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\tx4322 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 c.\ul0\nosupersub\c
f5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Will substantially the same evidence s
upport or refute plaintiff\u8216?s claim as well as \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 defendant\u8216?s counterclaim? \par\pard\ql \li3961\sb1\sl-216\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 d.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf3\f4\fs22 Is there any logical relation between the claim and the countercla
im? \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb34\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\
f5\fs22 BA Finance Corp. vs. Co\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (224 SCRA 163) \par
\pard\ql \li3241\ri604\sb0\sl-248\slmult0\tx3601\tx3601\tx3601\tx3601\tx3601\tx3
601\tx3601\tx3601 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\
ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Counterclaim of privat
e respondents is not merely permissive but compulsory in nature: it \line\tab \u
p0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 arises out of, or is necessarily connected with, the
transaction or occurrence that is the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
subject matter of the opposing party's claim; it does not require the presence o
f third parties \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of whom the court canno
t acquire the presence of third parties of whom the court cannot \line \tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 acquire jurisdiction; and, the trial court has jurisdi
ction to entertain the claim. \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The
counterclaim of private respondents is denominated "compulsory" and consists of
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 claims for alleged overpayments and dam
ages. They assert that they are no longer indebted \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 to petitioner and are in fact entitled to reimbursement for overpaym
ents. They ask for \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 damages for expenses
incurred and inconveniences suffered by them as a result of the filing \line \t
ab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of the present action. \par\pard\ql \li3241\ri6

18\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx3601\tx3601\tx3601\tx3601 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
f4\fs22 Clearly, the same evidence needed to sustain the counterclaim of priva
te respondents would \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 also refute the cau
se of action in petitioner's complaint. For, if private respondents could \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 successfully show that they actually made ove
rpayments on the credit accommodations \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
extended by petitioner, then the complaint must fail. The counterclaim is theref
ore \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 compulsory. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb
211\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Remedies \par\pard\qj \li1800\r
i5153\sb10\sl-250\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 For failure to raise com
pulsory counterclaim (Rule 9, Sec 2) \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Oversight, in
advertence, excusable neglect (Rule 11, Sec 10) \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 In
case main action fails \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb28\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 BA Finance Corp. vs. Co\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
, supra \par\pard\ql \li3241\ri1024\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx3601\tx3601 \up0 \expnd
ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Compulsory counterclaim cannot "remain pending for
independent adjudication by the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 court."\
ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs14 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 This is because a comp
ulsory counterclaim is auxiliary to the proceeding in the \line \tab \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 original suit and merely derives its jurisdictional support t
herefrom. \par\pard\ql \li3241\ri780\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx3601 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
supersub\cf3\f4\fs22 It necessarily follows that if the trial court no longer
possesses jurisdiction to entertain the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
main action of the case, an when it dismisses the same, then the compulsory coun
terclaim \par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb5\sl-276\slmult0\fi
0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2
D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 16\ul0
\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66\par\pard\sect\sectd\f
s24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg17}{\bkmkend Pg17}\par\
pard\ql \li8408\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8408\sb196\sl-276\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Civil Procedure | Justice
de Leon \par\pard\ql \li3241\ri902\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\fi360\tx3601 \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 being ancillary to the principal co
ntroversy, must likewise be similarly dismissed since no \line\tab \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 jurisdiction remains for the grant of any relief under the coun
terclaim. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\u
l0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 But this ruling has alr
eady been abandoned! See Perkin vs. Dakila. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb234\sl-253\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Answer to counterclaim \par\pard\ql \li1080\s
b1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 In general (Rule 6, Sec 4) \par\
pard\qj \li1080\ri4410\sb24\sl-260\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \
cf3\f4\fs22 Answer - pleading in which a defending party sets forth his defense
s \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Period to plead (Rule 11, Sec 4) \par\pard\ql \l
s22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Within 10
days from service \par\pard\ql \li720\sb227\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 Reply \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 Defined and in general (Rule 6, Sec 10) \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri672\sb38\sl240\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Reply - pleading,
the office or function of which is to deny, or allege facts in denial or avoida
nce of new matters \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 alleged by way of def
ense in the answer and thereby join or make issue as to such new matters \par\pa
rd\qj \li1080\ri2063\sb40\sl-240\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul

3\f4\fs22 If a party does not file such reply, all new matters alleged in the a
nswer are deemed controverted \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 When required (Rule
6, Sec 10) \par\pard\ql \li1445\sb50\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex10
ub\cf3\f4\fs22 Generally optional. \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri2972\sb6\sl-255\slmul
t0\fi4\tx2165\tx2165 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \
u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In case of fail
ure to reply, new matters alleged in the answer are deemed controverted \up0 \ex
\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Compulsory where it is necessary to deny und
er oath the following: \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Defens
e in the answer based on actionable document \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscal
b\cf3\f4\fs22 Allegation of usury in a complaint to recover usurious interest
\line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Challenge due to authenticity of documents
(Rule 8, Sec 8) \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri719\sb58\sl-240\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161 \up
f5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When an action or defense is founded up
on a written instrument, the genuineness and due execution of the \line\tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 instrument shall be deemed admitted unless the adverse
party, under oath, specifically denies them, and sets \line \tab \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 forth what he claims to be the facts \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri725\
sb40\sl-240\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\
fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Oath requ
irement does not apply when the adverse party does not appear to be a party to t
he instrument or \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 when compliance with an
order for an inspection of the original instrument is refused \par\pard\ql \li7
20\sb250\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Third/Fourth Party Complai
nt \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Defined
(Rule 6, Sec 11) \par\pard\ql \li1445\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Third (fourth, etc)-party complaint - claim that a defend
ing party may, with leave of court, file against a person \par\pard\qj \li1805\r
i530\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 not a party to the action,
called the third (fourth, etc)-party defendant, for contribution, indemnity, su
brogation or \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 any other relief, in respect of his o
pponent\u8216?s claim \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb8\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\ch
arscalex100 Remedies when denied - ? \par\pard\ql \li720\ri3971\sb222\sl-260\slm
ult0\tx1080 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Answer to Third/Fourth Party Complaint
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 In general (Rule 6, Sec 13) \par\pard\q
j \li1445\ri589\sb37\sl-240\slmult0\tx1805 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\no
supersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4
\fs22 Third (fourth, etc)-party defendant may allege in his answer his defenses
, counterclaims or cross-claims, including \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 such defenses that the third-party plaintiff may have against the original pl
aintiff\u8216?s claim \par\pard\qj \li1445\ri1061\sb24\sl-260\slmult0\tx1805 \up
f5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In proper cases, he may also assert a c
ounterclaim against the original plaintiff in respect of the latter\u8216?s clai
m \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 against the third-party plaintiff \par
\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-235\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Time to plead
(Rule 11, Sec 5) \par\pard\qj \li1445\ri831\sb41\sl-240\slmult0\tx1805 \up0 \exp
fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Governed by the same rule as the answer to th
e complaint (15 days after service of summons unless a different \line\tab \up0
\expndtw-4\charscalex100 period is fixed by the court) \par\pard\ql \li720\sb250
\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Extension of time to plead (Rule 1
1, Sec 11) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10

ub\cf3\f4\fs22 Upon motion and on such terms as may be just, court may extend t
he time to plead provided in these rules \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb27\sl-253\slmult
sub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Court may also, upon like terms, a
llow an answer or other pleading to be filed after the time fixed by these rules
. \par\pard\ql \li5282\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5282\sb212\sl-276\slmul
t0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 (Formal Requirement
s) \par\pard\ql \li3822\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Filing
and Service of Pleadings, Motions and Orders \par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\
par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 P
age \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 17\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf2\f3\fs24 66
}
vil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\ql \li720\sb1\sl-232\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Verification (Rule 7, Sec 4) \p
sub\cf4\f5\fs22 General Rule:\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Pleadings need not be
under oath, verified or accompanied by affidavit \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Exception:\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Whe
n otherwise specifically required by law or rule: \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1\sl-23
5\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf3\f4\fs22 Petition to take deposition before action; \par\pard\ql \li
2161\sb5\sl-236\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\f
s22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Petition for relief from judgment; \par\pard\
ql \li2161\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3.\ul0\nosupersub\c
f5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Appeal by Certiorari from the CA to th
e SC; \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4.\u
l0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Application for Prelimi
nary Injunction or Temporary Restraining Order; \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb10\sl-253
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Application for appointment of a receiver; \par\pard\ql \li2
161\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 6.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs
22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Petition for Certiorari, Prohibition, or Manda
mus; \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 7.\ul
0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 All pleadings of forcibl
e entry and unlawful detainer; \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \ex
Petition for appointment of general guardian; \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1\sl-237
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Petition of guardian for leave to sell or encumber property
of estate; \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex10
0 10.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Petition to declar
e competency of ward; \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 11.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Applicat
ion for Writ of habeas corpus; \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \exp

ndtw-2\charscalex100 12.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
Petition for change of name; \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 13.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
Petition for voluntary dissolution of corporation; \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1\sl237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 14.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Petition to correct entries in civil registry; \par\pard\q
l \li2161\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 15.\ul0\nosupersub\cf
5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Pleadings in Summary Procedure. \par\pard
\ql \li720\sb250\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Certification agai
nst forum shopping (Rule 7, Sec 5) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Required only for \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5
\fs22 complaint or initiatory pleading \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri5732\sb5\sl-280\sl
upersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 May be in the complaint or in
a sworn statement annexed \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\f
s22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Shall cont
ain the following undertakings: \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri673\sb14\sl-240\slmult0\t
x2161 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf3\f4\fs22 That he has not commenced any action or filed any claim involvi
ng the same issues in any court, tribunal, or \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 quasi-judicial agency and, to the best of his knowledge, no such action or
claim is pending therein; \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
-4\charscalex100 2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If
there is such pending action or claim, a complete statement of the present stat
us thereof; and \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri798\sb21\sl-240\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161 \up
0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 3.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4
\fs22 If he should thereafter learn that the same or similar action or claim h
as been filed or is pending, he shall \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 re
port that fact w/in 5 days therefrom to the court where his aforesaid complaint
or initiatory pleading has \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 been filed \
par\pard\ql \li1080\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosup
22 Effect of lack of certification or failure to comply: \par\pard\ql \li1800\s
b7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\
ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Failure to comply is \
ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 not curable \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 by mere amend
ment of complaint; \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\chars
rsub\cf3\f4\fs22 Dismissal of case is \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 w/o prejudic
e\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 , unless otherwise provided \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri
3479\sb41\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Effe
ct of submission of false certification or non-compliance with the undertakings:
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nos
upersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Indirect contempt of court \p
ar\pard\ql \li1800\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A
dministrative or criminal action \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \
f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Effect of wilful and deliberate forum-shop
ping \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri3267\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
3\f4\fs22 Summary dismissal (of case) w/ prejudice \line \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
rsub\cf3\f4\fs22 Direct contempt \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri4026\sb0\sl-280\slmult
0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Administrative sanction \line \u
cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Ao-As vs. CA\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs2

2 (491 SCRA 353) \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1\sl-213\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 Elements of forum shopping: \par\pard\ql \li2881\sb14\sl-253\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 Identity of parties; \par\pard\ql \li2881\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\
f4\fs22 Identity of the rights asserted or the relief prayed for; and \par\pard
\ql \li2161\ri652\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\fi720\tx3241\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 c.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Identity of
two preceding particulars, such that any judgment rendered in the other action w
ill, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 regardless of which party is succes
sful, amount to res judicata in the action under consideration. \line \up0 \exp
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Forum shopping consists of filing multiple suits
involving the same parties for the same cause of action, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 either simultaneously or successively, for the purpose of obtai
ning a favorable judgment. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Forum s
hopping can be committed in three ways: \par\pard\ql \li2881\ri787\sb0\sl-240\sl
mult0\tx3241 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Filing multiple cases based on the same cause of action
and with the same prayer, the previous \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 c
ase not having been resolved yet (litis pendentia); \par\pard\ql \li2881\ri787\s
b12\sl-240\slmult0\tx3241 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6
\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Filing multiple cases based on the same cau
se of action and with the same prayer, the previous \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 having been finally resolved (res judicata); \par\pard\ql \li2881\ri
571\sb20\sl-240\slmult0\tx3241 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 3.\ul0\nosupersub\c
f5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Filing multiple cases based on the sam
e cause of action but with different prayers (splitting cause \line\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-4\charscalex100 of action, where the ground of dismissal is also either li
tis pendentia or res judicata) \par\pard\li720\sb252\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 18\ul0\nosupersu
b\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw
12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg19}{\bkmkend Pg19}\par\pard\ql \l
i8408\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8408\sb196\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Civil Procedure | Justice de Leon \p
\ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3
\f4\fs22 If the forum shopping is not considered willful and deliberate, the s
ubsequent cases shall be dismissed \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 witho
ut prejudice on one of the two grounds earlier mentioned. \par\pard\qj \li2161\r
1\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If the fo
rum shopping is willful and deliberate, both (or all, if there are more than two
) actions shall be \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 dismissed with prejud
ice. \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb0\sl-198\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Forum
shopping certificate for a corporation \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb27\sl-253\slmult0
ub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 PAL vs. Flight Attendants and Stewa
rds Assn of the Phils (FASAP)\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (479 SCRA 605) \par\pa
rd\ql \li2881\ri578\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx3241\tx3241 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
f3\f4\fs22 As no distinction is made as to which party must execute the certif
icate, the requirement is made \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 to apply
to both natural and juridical entities. When petitioner is a corporation, the ce
rtification \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 should be executed by a nat
ural person. \par\pard\ql \li2881\ri1018\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\tx3241 \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul

0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Further, not just any person can be called upon to ex
ecute the certification, although such a \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
person may have personal knowledge of the facts to be attested to. \par\pard\ql
\li2881\ri515\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx3241\tx3241 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u
\fs22 Only individuals vested with authority by a valid board resolution may s
ign the certificate of non-\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 forum shoppin
g in behalf of a corporation. Petition is subject to dismissal if a certificatio
n was \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 submitted unaccompanied by proof
of the signatory\u8216?s authority \par\pard\ql \li2881\ri603\sb0\sl-260\slmult0
\tx3241 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 An invalid certificate cannot be
remedied by a subsequent submission of a Secretary\u8216?s Certificate \line\ta
b \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 that vests authority only after the petition had
been filed. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-198\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
0 Filing and service defined (Rule 13, Sec 2) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb12\sl-253\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\no
supersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Filing\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\
fs22 - the act of presenting the pleading or other paper to the clerk of court
s22 Service\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 - act of providing a party with a copy
of the pleading or paper concerned. Done upon the party or his \par\pard\qj \li1
440\ri821\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 counsel if he has app
eared by counsel, unless service upon the party himself is ordered by the court.
If one counsel \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 appears for several parties, he sh
all only be entitled to one copy \par\pard\ql \li720\sb1\sl-213\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 Coverage (Rule 13, Secs 1-4) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri646\sb
29\sl-260\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs
22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The rule go
verns the \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 filing\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 of all
pleadings and other papers, as well as the \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 service\u
l0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 thereof, \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 except\ul0\nosup
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 those for which a \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 dif
ferent mode of service is prescribed \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri1477\sb0\sl-280\slmu
ersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The rule applies to pleadings su
bsequent to the complaint which is served through summons under Rule 14 \up0 \ex
\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Example of the exception: Rule 14 on service
of summons \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri915\sb1\sl-260\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Papers to be filed and served: judgment, resolution
, order; pleadings subsequent to the complaint, written motion, \line\tab \up0 \
expndtw-4\charscalex100 notice, appearance, demand, offer of judgment or similar
papers \par\pard\ql \li720\sb1\sl-235\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Mod
es of service \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb11\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 In general, filing (Rule 13, Sec 3) \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri2726\sb0\sl-280\
osupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Presenting the \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf4\f5\fs22 original\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 copies, plainly indicated as
such personally \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 to the clerk of court \up0 \expndtw
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 By sending by \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 registe
red mail \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In general, service (Rule 13, Secs 5, 9) \par\pard\ql
7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 May be
made either \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 personally\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 o
r by \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 mail\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (Sec 5) \par\p

f3\f4\fs22 When a party summoned by publication has failed to appear, he shall
be served by \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 publication\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
at the prevailing \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 party\u8216?s expense
(Sec 9) \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 P
ersonal (Rule 13, Sec 6) \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 By \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 delivering\ul0\nosu
persub\cf3\f4\fs22 a copy \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 personally\ul0\nosupersub
\cf3\f4\fs22 to the party or his counsel (\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 actual\ul
0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 personal service) \par\pard\ql \li2881\ri965\sb18\sl-2
40\slmult0\tx3241 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\
ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Service to a party is
allowed only if he is \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 not\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
represented by counsel, unless service upon the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\char
scalex100 party himself is ordered by the court \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb30\sl-253
nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 By \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\f
s22 leaving\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 a copy in his office with his clerk or w
ith a person having charge thereof \par\pard\ql \li2881\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0
s22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If no person is found in his office, or if hi
s office is not known, or he has no office: \par\pard\ql \li3601\ri563\sb4\sl-26
0\slmult0\tx3961 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs22 \u3929?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Leave a copy bet
ween 8am and 6pm at the party or counsel\u8216?s residence, if known, with a \li
ne\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 person of sufficient age and discretion the
n residing (\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 constructive\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
personal service) \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-235\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 Mail (Rule 13, Sec 8) \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb31\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \ex
\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 By \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 registered ma
il, \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1916\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
supersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Ordinary mail\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 if no registry s
ervice exists in the locality of either the sender or addressee \up0 \expndtw-4\
charscalex100 Substituted service (Rule 13, Sec 8) \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri638\sb
32\sl-250\slmult0\tx2521\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If s
ervice cannot be made personally or by mail, the office and residence of party o
r counsel being unknown: \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 By \u
l0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 delivering the copy to the clerk of court\ul0\nosupers
ub\cf3\f4\fs22 , with proof of failure of both personal service and \line \tab \
up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 service by mail. Service is\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\f
s22 complete at the time of such delivery \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb0\sl-239\slmul
t0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Priority (Rule 13,
Sec 11) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \
cf4\f5\fs22 Personal\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 se
rvice\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 is preferred \par\pard\li720\sb209\sl-276\slmu
lt0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suar
ez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24
19\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66\par\pard\sect\s
ectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg20}{\bkmkend Pg20
}\par\pard\ql \li8408\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8408\sb196\sl-276\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Civil Procedure | Ju
stice de Leon \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri918\sb34\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndt

2 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Except with respect to papers emanating from the
court, a \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 resort to other modes\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f
4\fs22 must be accompanied by a \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\no
supersub\cf4\f5\fs22 written explanation\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 why the ser
vice or filing was not done personally \par\pard\qj \li720\ri4743\sb24\sl-260\sl
mult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\u
l0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Violation of the rule ma
y cause to consider the paper as not filed \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Upon pa
rty in default (Rule 9, Sec 3) \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri534\sb32\sl-246\slmult0\tx
1440\tx1440\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If defending part
y fails to answer w/in the time allowed, the court will declare defending party
in default upon motion \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of the claiming p
arty w/ notice to defending party and proof of such failure. Court will then ren
der judgment granting \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 claimant such rel
ief as his pleading may warrant, unless the court in its discretion requires the
claimant to submit \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 evidence \par\pard\
\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Recep
tion of evidence may be delegated \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Party in default shall be entitled to not
ice of subsequent proceedings but not to take part in the trial (Sec 3[a]) \par\
persub\cf3\f4\fs22 Party declared in default may at any time after notice and b
efore judgment, file a motion under oath to set aside the \line\tab \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 order of default upon proper showing his failure to answer was
due to FAME and that he has a meritorious defense \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 (Sec 3[b]) \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri603\sb32\sl-250\slmult0\tx1440\tx1
440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosup
ersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When a pleading asserting a clai
m states a common cause of action against several defending parties, some of who
m \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 answer and other fail to do so, the co
urt shall try the case against all upon the answers thus filed and render judgme
nt \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 upon the evidence presented (Sec 3[c
]) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri671\sb39\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
upersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Judgment rendered against a party in default shall not exce
ed the amount or be different in kind from that prayed for \line\tab \up0 \expnd
tw-4\charscalex100 nor award unliquidated damages (Sec 3[d]) \par\pard\ql \li720
\ri637\sb60\sl-240\slmult0\fi360\tx1440\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul
3\f4\fs22 If the defending party in an action for annulment or declaration of n
ullity of marriage or for legal separation fails to \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 answer, court shall order the prosecuting attorney to investigate w/
n a collusion between the parties exists. If there is \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2
\charscalex100 no collusion, to intervene for the State in order to see to it th
at the evidence submitted is not fabricated \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
Completion of service (Rule 13, Sec 10) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb50\sl-253\slmult
sub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Personal service - upon actual del
ivery \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul
3\f4\fs22 Ordinary mail - upon the expiration of 10 days after mailing, unless
the court otherwise provides \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri609\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\tx14
40 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Registered mail - upon actual rec
eipt by the addressee, or after 5 days from the date he received the first notic
e of the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 postmaster whichever date is ea

rlier \par\pard\ql \li720\ri3711\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\tx1080 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 Proof of filing and service (Rule 13, Secs 12, 13) \line\tab \up0 \expn
s22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Proof of filing \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-21
5\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosu
persub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The pleading\u8216?s or paper\
u8216?s existence in the record of the case \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri630\sb5\sl-24
0\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\u
l0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If not in the record bu
t claimed to have been filed personally - by written or stamped acknowledgment o
f its \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 filing by the clerk of court on co
py of the same \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri517\sb16\sl-246\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161\tx21
cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Registered mail - by registry receipt
and by the affidavit of the person who did the mailing, containing a full \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 statement of the date and place of depositing
the mail in the post office in a sealed envelope addressed to the \line \tab \u
p0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 court, with postage fully prepaid, and with instruct
ions to the postmaster to return the mail to the sender after \line \tab \up0 \e
xpndtw-3\charscalex100 10 days if not delivered \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri5717\sb0\
sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22
o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 No filing by ordina
ry mail nor substituted service \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Proo
f of service \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri570\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Personal service - written admission of the party serv
ed; or the official return of the server; or affidavit of the \line\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 party serving, containing a full statement of date, place
and manner of service \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb0\sl-198\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
upersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Ordinary mail - affidavit of the person mailing of facts s
howing compliance of Rule 13, sec 7 \par\pard\ql \li720\ri616\sb0\sl-245\slmult0
\fi1080\tx2161\tx2161\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\
f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Registered
mail - affidavit of the person mailing and the registry receipt issued by the ma
iling office. Registry \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 return card shall
be filed immediately upon receipt by the sender, or in lieu thereof, the unclai
med letter \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 together with the certified
or sworn copy of the notice given by the postmaster to the addressee \line \tab
\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Substituted service - written acknowledg
ment of the clerk of court of the copy delivered to him \line \up0 \expndtw-4\c
harscalex100 Lis pendens (Rule 13, Sec 14) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri676\sb22\sl-26
22?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Recording of a noti
ce of pendency of an action affecting the title or right of possession of real p
roperty in the RD of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the province or cit
y where the property is situated (remember Land Titles...) \par\pard\qj \li1080\
ri556\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Noti
ce shall contain the names of the parties and the object of the action or defens
e, and a description of the property \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 in
that province affected thereby \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri546\sb29\sl-250\slmult0\tx
1440\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\u
l0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Only from time of filing
such notice for record shall a purchaser or encumbrancer of the property affect
ed be deemed \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 to have constructive notice
of the pendency of the action, and only of its pendency against the parties des
ignated by \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 their real names \par\pard\l

i720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb174\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \e
xpndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 20\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2
\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66
}
}}
}
}}
}
vil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb23\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f
6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Notice may only be cancelled upon order of
the court, after proper showing that the notice is for the purpose of \par\pard\
ql \li1440\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 molesting the advers
e party, or that it is not necessary to protect the rights of the party who caus
ed it to be recorded \par\pard\ql \li4513\sb251\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 Amended and Supplemental Pleadings \par
ub\cf3\f4\fs22 Amendments \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 In general (Rule 10, Sec 1) \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri529\sb24\sl-2
922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Done by adding or
striking out an allegation, or the name of any party, or by correcting a mistake
in the name of a \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 party or a mistaken or
inadequate allegation or description in any other respect \par\pard\qj \li1440\
f6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Pur

pose: so actual merits of the controversy may be speedily determined, without re
gard to technicalities, and in \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 the most
expeditious and inexpensive manner \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 Liberality \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up
f5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Barfel Devt Corp vs. CA\ul0\nosupersub\
f5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The amendment sought by respondents wh
ich is to include a new party defendant at a late stage in \line\tab \up0 \expnd
tw-4\charscalex100 the proceeding is not a formal but a substantial one. \par\pa
rd\ql \li1080\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Form (Rule 10, S
ec 7) \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri679\sb2\sl-260\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When amended, a \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 new copy of t
he entire pleading\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 incorporating the amendments, whi
ch shall be indicated by \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 appropriate mar
ks, shall be filed \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-235\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 Effect (Rule 10, Sec 8) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb31\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \
f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Supersedes the pleading that it amends \pa
r\pard\ql \li1440\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper
Admissions in superseded pleadings may be received in evidence against the ple
ader \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0
\f4\fs22 Claims or defenses alleged therein not incorporated in the amended ple
ading shall be deemed waived \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb247\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw-3\charscalex100 Kinds \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 Formal amendments (Rule 10, Sec 4) \par\pard\qj \li1805\ri738\s
s22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Defect in
the designation of the parties and other clearly clerical or typographical error
s may be \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 summarily \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charsca
lex100 corrected by the court at any stage of the action, \par\pard\ql \li1805\s
b26\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 At the court\u821
6?s initiative or upon motion, \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri5460\sb2\sl-260\slmult0\fi
ersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Provided no prejudice is caused
to the adverse party \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Substantial amendments \par\p
ard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-235\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Matter of right
(Rule 10, Sec 2) \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb31\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charsc
supersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Party may amend his pleading \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 o
nce \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 as a matter of right: \par\pard\ql \li2525\sb7\s
l-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\
nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 At any time before a respo
nsive pleading is served,\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 or \par\pard\ql \li2525\sb
1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\u
l0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In case of a reply, \ul
0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 at any time w/in 10 days after it is served \par\pard\q
cf3\f4\fs22 Defendant may amend his answer before an answer to his counterclaim
is served by plaintiff if there is \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 coun
terclaim, or before reply has been served by plaintiff if answer contains no cou
nterclaim \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Matter of discretion (Rule 10, Se
c 3) \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb28\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0

\f5\fs22 Substantial amendments\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 may be made only up
on \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 leave of court \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb27\sl-253\s
supersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Leave may be refused if it ap
pears to the court that motion was made w/ intent to delay \par\pard\qj \li2161\
ri815\sb5\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs
22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Made upon m
otion filed in court, and after notice to the adverse party, and an opportunity
to be heard \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\u
l0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Prohibition against the
amendment: \par\pard\ql \li2525\ri971\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx2885 \up0 \expndtw-3\
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When the court has no jurisdiction over the case and the
purpose of the amendment is to confer \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 j
urisdiction on the court \par\pard\ql \li2525\ri1431\sb14\sl-240\slmult0\tx2885
\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If there was no cause of action at the t
ime of the original complaint and the purpose of the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\c
harscalex100 amendment is to introduce a subsequently accrued cause of action \p
ar\pard\ql \li1800\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 To conform t
o evidence (Rule 10, Sec 5) \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri898\sb61\sl-240\slmult0\tx252
sub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When issues \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5
\fs22 not raised\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 by pleadings are \ul0\nosupersub\cf
4\f5\fs22 tried w/\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 the express or implied \ul0\nosup
ersub\cf4\f5\fs22 consent\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 of the parties, they \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 shall be treated in all respects \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf4\f5\fs22 as if raised\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 in the pleadings \par\p
ard\ql \li2161\ri663\sb24\sl-260\slmult0\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u
f3\f4\fs22 Such amendment of the pleadings as may be necessary to cause them to
conform to the evidence and to \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 raise th
ese issues may be made \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 upon motion\ul0\nosupersub\cf
3\f4\fs22 of any party at \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 any time\ul0\nosupersub\c
f3\f4\fs22 , even after judgment \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupe
2 Failure to amend does \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 not\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\f
s22 affect the result of the trial of these issues \par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\s
lmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb36\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\
tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D
2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 21\ul0\n
osupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66
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6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 evidence\ul0
\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 is \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 objected\ul0\nosupersub\

cf3\f4\fs22 to at the trial on the ground that it is not within the issues made
by the \par\pard\ql \li2161\ri720\sb0\sl-273\slmult0\fi360\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 pleadings, court may allow pleadings to be amended and shall do
so w/ \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 liberality\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 if the
presentation of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the merits of the actio
n and the ends of substantial justice will be subserved thereby \line \up0 \exp
fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Court may grant \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 c
ontinuance\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 to enable the amendment to be made \line
b\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Swagman Hotels & Travel, Inc. vs.\ul
0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 CA\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\f
s22 (455 SCRA 175) \par\pard\ql \li3241\ri521\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx3601\tx3601
\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The curing effect under Sec 5, Rule 10 i
s applicable only if a cause of action in fact exists at \line\tab \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 the time the complaint is filed, but the complaint is defective
for failure to allege the essential \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 fa
cts. \par\pard\ql \li3241\sb0\sl-198\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\
22 A complaint whose cause of action has not yet accrued cannot be cured or re
medied by an \par\pard\qj \li3601\ri1015\sb18\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
rscalex100 amended or supplemental pleading alleging the existence or accrual of
a cause of action \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 while the case is still pending
\par\pard\ql \li1080\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Remedies
\par\pard\ql \li1080\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Periods t
o answer \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 A
mendments (Rule 11, Sec 3) \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri714\sb24\sl-260\slmult0\tx2161
ub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If amended as a matter of right (be
fore service of answer) - within 15 days after being served a copy thereof \up0
\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If not as a matter of right (after servic
e of the answer to the original complaint) -\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
\cf3\f4\fs22 Within 10 days from notice of the order admitting the same; \par\
4\fs22 An answer earlier filed (before the amendment) may serve as answer to t
he amended complaint if no new \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 answer is
filed \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Su
pplemental complaint (Rule 11, Sec 7) \par\pard\ql \li1805\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \u
cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Within 10 days from notice of answer a
dmitting the same, unless a different period is fixed by the court \par\pard\qj
\li1805\ri724\sb58\sl-240\slmult0\tx2165 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosu
s22 Answer to the complaint shall serve as the answer to the supplemental compl
aint if no new or supplemental \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 answer is
filed \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb250\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 S
upplemental pleadings (Rule 10, Sec 6) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb27\sl-253\slmult0
b\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Always by leave of court upon motion
, upon reasonable notice and upon such terms as are just \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri
\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Seeks
to include transactions, occurrences or events which have happened since the da
te of the pleading sought to \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 be suppleme
nted \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0

\f4\fs22 Adverse party may plead thereto within 10 days from notice of the orde
r admitting the supplemental pleading \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb247\sl-253\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Distinguished from amended pleadings\par\pard\sect
\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw4147\colsr160\colno2\colw3432\colsr160\colno3\co
lw4211\colsr160\ql \li1723\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1723\sb0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \par\pard\ql \li1723\sb130\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Subject Matter\par\pard\ql \li2141\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li2141\sb243\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Right\pa
r\pard\ql \li2151\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2151\sb248\sl-253\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Form\par\pard\column \ql \li822\sb7\sl-253\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Amended pleading\par\pard\ql \li20\ri134\sb6\sl-24
8\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Facts alread
y existing on the date of \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the original pleading so
ught to be \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 amended but were not pleaded due
to \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 inadvertence\par\pard\qj \li20\ri0\sb15\sl-245\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Matter of right when made once before \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 responsive pleading\par\pard\qj \li20\ri5\sb15\sl-244\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Party must file a new copy of the entire \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 pleading incorporating the\par\pard\qj \li20\ri125\
sb6\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 amendments, which shall be indi
cated \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 by appropriate marks\par\pard\column \ql \li
Supplemental pleading\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1038\sb130\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Facts that occurred since the dat
e of \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the pleading sought to be\par\pard\ql \li20\s
b1\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 supplemented\par\pard\ql \li20\s
b253\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Always by leave of court\par\p
ard\qj \li20\ri888\sb136\sl-247\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Party need
not file a new copy of the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 entire pleading since
the supplemental \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 pleading would be an entirely new
\par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 pleading \pa
r\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li2122\sb124\sl-253\slmult0\fi2185\tx7889 \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 Original pleading is\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Origin
al pleading stands. Supplemental\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li2122\sb0\sl-250\
slmult0\fi0\tx4307\tx7889 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\f
s22 Effect\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 replace
d/superseded by the amended\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 pleading is added
to and forms part of\par\pard\li4307\sb1\sl-242\slmult0\fi0\tx7889 \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 pleading\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the original pleadin
g\par\pard\ql \li1800\sb139\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\no
\fs22 Shoemart, Inc. vs. CA\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (190 SCRA 189) \par\par
d\ql \li2521\ri644\sb18\sl-240\slmult0\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0
s22 A supplemental pleading supplies deficiencies in aid of an original pleadi
ng, not to entirely substitute \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 the latte
r. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb250\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Bill o
f Particulars/Intervention \par\pard\ql \li720\sb247\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 Bill of particulars (Rule 12, Secs 1 to 6) \par\pard\li720\sb0
\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb73\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 22\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66

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vil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\qj \li902\ri1254\sb34\sl-240\slmult0\t
x1262 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nos
upersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Bill of particulars \ul0\nosup
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 - a more definite statement of any matter w/c is not averred w
ith sufficient definiteness and \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 particul
arity and its objective is to enable the opposing party to prepare his responsiv
e pleading (Sec 1) \par\pard\ql \li902\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\chars
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If the pleading is a reply - motion must be filed w/in 10
days from service \par\pard\ql \li902\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Motion shall point out the defects complained of, the par
agraphs where they are contained and the details desired \par\pard\qj \li902\ri6
72\sb22\sl-260\slmult0\tx1262 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\
f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Upon f
iling of the motion, clerk of court must immediately bring it to the attention o
f the court w/c may either deny it \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 or gr
ant it outright, or allow the parties the opportunity to be heard (Sec 2) \par\p
ard\ql \li1440\ri907\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul
fs22 There\u8216?s no actual trial, since there are no factual issues to be re
solved. Resolution of the motion may be based \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 solely on the allegations of the pleading sought to be particularized or m
ade more definite \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\f
s22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Order denying or
granting the motion is \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 interlocutory\ul0\nosupersub
\cf3\f4\fs22 and therefore \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 not appealable \par\pard
\qj \li902\ri719\sb28\sl-240\slmult0\tx1262 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f
4\fs22 If motion is granted in whole or in part - compliance must be effected w
/in 10 days from notice of the order, unless a \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charsca
lex100 different period is fixed by the court (Sec 3) \par\pard\ql \li902\ri568\
sb24\sl-260\slmult0\tx1262\tx1262\tx1262 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosu
s22 The bill of particulars may be filed either in a separate or in an amended
pleading, serving a copy on the adverse party \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
ub\cf3\f4\fs22 If the order is not obeyed, or in case of insufficient complianc
e - court may order the striking out of the pleading or the \line\tab \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 portions thereof to which the order was directed or make suc
h other order as it deems just (Sec 4) \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\
f4\fs22 After service of the bill of particulars, or after notice of denial of
the motion - the moving party may file his responsive \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 pleading w/in the period to w/c he was entitled at the time of fil
ing of his motion, w/c shall not be less than 5 days at \line \tab \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 any event (Sec 5) \par\pard\ql \li902\sb26\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A bill of particulars becomes part of the
pleading for w/c it is intended (Sec 6) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb247\sl-253\slmul
t0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Office and purpose \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb27\sl
-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\
ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Virata vs. Sandiganbaya

n\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (221 SCRA 52) \par\pard\ql \li2161\ri580\sb0\sl-25
0\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper
e proper preparation of an intelligent answer requires information as to the pre
cise nature, character, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 scope and extent
of the cause of action in order that the pleader may be able to squarely meet t
he issues \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 raised, thereby circumscribin
g them within determined confines and preventing surprises during the trial, \li
ne \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 and in order that he may set forth his def
enses which may not be so readily availed of if the allegations \line \tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 controverted are vague, indefinite, uncertain or are me
re general conclusions. \par\pard\ql \li2161\ri793\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx2521\tx2
521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub
\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The latter task assumes added signif
icance because defenses not pleaded (save those excepted in Sec 2, \line\tab \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Rule 9, and whenever appropriate, the defense of pres
cription) in a MTD or in the answer are deemed \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 waived \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1\sl-213\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
\cf3\f4\fs22 The proper office of a bill of particulars is to inform the oppos
ite party and the court of the precise \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri778\sb25\sl-240\sl
mult0\fi1440\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 nature and character of the ca
use of action the pleader has attempted to set forth, and thereby to guide \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 his adversary in his preparations for trial a
nd reasonably protect him against surprise at the trial. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 What is beyond its scope \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb30\sl-253\slmult0
b\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Tan vs. Sandiganbayan\ul0\nosupersub
\cf3\f4\fs22 (180 SCRA 34) \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri539\sb18\sl-240\slmult0\tx252
f5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The complaint for which a bill for a m
ore definite statement is sought, need only inform the defendant of \line\tab \u
p0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 the essential (or ultimate) facts to enable the defe
ndant to prepare an intelligent answer. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb250\sl-253\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Intervention (Rule 19, Secs 1 to 4) \par\pard\ql
\li902\ri682\sb32\sl-248\slmult0\tx1262\tx1262\tx1262\tx1262\tx1262 \up0 \expndt
2 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Intervention\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 - a pro
ceeding in a suit or action by which a third person is permitted by the court to
make himself a \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 party, either joining pl
aintiff in claiming what is sought by the complaint, or uniting with defendant i
n resisting the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 claims of plaintiff, or
demanding something adversely to both of them; the act or proceeding by which a
third person \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 becomes a party in a suit
pending between others; the admission, by leave of court, of a person not an or
iginal party to \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 pending legal proceedin
gs, by which such person becomes a party thereto for the protection of some righ
t of interest \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 alleged by him to be affe
cted by such proceedings (Metrobank vs. CA, 182 SCRA 820) \par\pard\ql \li902\sb
922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The following may
intervene - a person who (Sec 1): \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \
22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Has legal interest in the matter in litigation
; \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri5587\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \
4\fs22 Has legal interest in the success of either of the parties; \up0 \expnd
ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Has an interest against both parties; \par\pard\qj
\li1440\ri835\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosup

ersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
Is so situated as to be adversely affected by a distribution or other dispositio
n of property in the custody of the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 cour
t or of an officer thereof. \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri697\sb1\sl-240\slmult0\fi720
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Court shall consider w/n the intervention will und
uly delay or prejudice the adjudication of the rights of the \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
rscalex100 original parties, and w/n the intervenor\u8216?s rights may be fully
protected in a separate proceeding \par\pard\ql \li902\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Motion to intervene may be filed at \ul0\
nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 any time before rendition of judgment\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\
f4\fs22 by the trial court (Sec 2) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A copy of the pleading-in-intervention shall
be attached to the motion and served on the original parties \par\pard\li720\sb
49\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\
f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf2\f3\fs24 23\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66
}
}}
}
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}
}}
}
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}
vil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1017\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\t
x1800 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupers
ub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 After judgment by the trial court,
it is too late to intervene. Intervenor is not an indispensable party. Remedy \
line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 would be a separate action to vindicate h
is right \par\pard\ql \li902\ri625\sb0\sl-266\slmult0\tx1262 \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Intervenor shall file a complaint-in-intervention if he
asserts a claim against either or all of the original parties (Sec 3) \up0 \exp
fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Answer-in-intervention - if he unites w/ the
defending party in resisting a claim against the latter (Sec 3) \line \up0 \expn
s22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Answer to the complaint-in-intervention shall
be filed w/in 15 days from notice of the order admitting the same, unless \line\
tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 a different period is fixed by the court (Sec
4) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-227\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Ancilla
ry to pending action \par\pard\ql \li1531\sb32\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\ch
0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Saw vs. CA\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (195 SCRA 740) \
par\pard\ql \li2161\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 I
ntervention is not an independent proceeding, but an ancillary and supplemental
one which, in the \par\pard\qj \li2521\ri533\sb0\sl-250\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 nature of things, unless otherwise provided for by the statute or
Rules of Court, must be in subordination \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 to the ma
in proceeding. It may be laid down as a general rule that an intervenor is limit
ed to the field of \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 litigation open to the original

parties. \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-225\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
Exception \par\pard\ql \li1531\sb32\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
b\cf4\f5\fs22 Metropolitan Bank & Trust Co. vs. Presiding Judge\ul0\nosupersub\c
f3\f4\fs22 (182 SCRA 820) \par\pard\ql \li2161\ri529\sb13\sl-246\slmult0\tx2521
\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx
2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f11\f12\fs22 o \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Th
ere is here no final dismissal of the main case. The aforementioned order of the
lower court has the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 effect not only of
allowing the intervention suit to proceed but also of vacating its previous orde
r of \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 dismissal. The reinstatement of th
e case in order to try and determine the claims and rights of the \line \tab \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 intervenor is proper. The joint motion of therein pla
intiff and the original defendants to dismiss the case, \line \tab \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 without notice to and consent of the intervenor, has the effect
of putting to rest only the respective \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
claims of the said original parties \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 inter se\ul0\
nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 but the same cannot in any way affect the claim of priva
te \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 respondent which was allowed by the
court to intervene without opposition from the original parties. \line \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex
100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 After the intervenor has appeared in the action,
the plaintiff has no absolute right to put the intervenor \line\tab \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 out of court by the dismissal of the action. The parties to t
he original suit have no power to waive or \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex
100 otherwise annul the substantial rights of the intervenor. When an intervenin
g petition has been filed, a \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 plaintiff
may not dismiss the action in any respect to the prejudice of the intervenor. \l
ine \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 It has even been held that the simp
le fact that the trial court properly dismissed plaintiff s action does not \lin
e\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 require dismissal of the action of the inter
venor. An intervenor has the right to claim the benefit of the \line \tab \up0 \
expndtw-2\charscalex100 original suit and to prosecute it to judgment. The right
cannot be defeated by dismissal of the suit by the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\c
harscalex100 plaintiff after the filing of the petition and notice thereof to th
e other parties. A person who has an \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 in
terest in the subject matter of the action has the right, on his own motion, to
intervene and become a \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 party to the sui
t, and even after the complaint has been dismissed, may proceed to have any actu
al \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 controversy established by the plead
ings determined in such action. The trial court's dismissal of \line \tab \up0 \
expndtw-2\charscalex100 plaintiffs\u8216? action does not require dismissal of t
he action of the intervenor. \par\pard\ql \li2161\ri557\sb15\sl-246\slmult0\tx25
21\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
3\f4\fs22 The intervenor in a pending case is entitled to be heard like any othe
r party. A claim in intervention that \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 se
eks affirmative relief prevents a plaintiff from taking a voluntary dismissal of
the main action. Where a \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 complaint in
intervention was filed before plaintiff's action had been expressly dismissed, t
he intervenor's \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 complaint was not subje
ct to dismissal on the ground that no action was pending since dismissal of \lin
e \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 plaintiffs\u8216? action did not affect the
rights of the intervenor or affect the dismissal of intervenor's \line \tab \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 complaint. An intervenor's petition showing it to be
entitled to affirmative relief will be preserved and \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 heard regardless of the disposition of the principal action. \par\
pard\ql \li6107\sb270\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupers

ub\cf2\f3\fs24 Rule 14 \par\pard\ql \li5973\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 Summons \par\pard\ql \li720\sb247\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Definition and purpose \par\pard\ql \li1
2 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Summons\ul0\
nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 - writ directed to the defendant, notifying him of the c
ivil action against him \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Purpose: For the court to acquire jurisdiction over
the person of the defendant \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If additional defendants are joined - they must be
served with another summons \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri789\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx2161
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf
5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If a defendant dies and the action surv
ives, and he is substituted by his executor, administrator or heir - no \line\ta
b \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 need to serve new summons \par\pard\ql \li720\sb
8\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Duty to issue (Secs 1, 5) \par\pa
cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Wh
o issues: Clerk of Court, upon filing of complaint and payment of requisite lega
l fees (Sec 1) \par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmu
lt0\par\pard\li720\sb117\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
0 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
}
}}
}
vil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\ql \li720\ri559\sb29\sl-246\slmult0\fi
360\tx1440\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3
922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Alias summons: if
a summons is returned w/o being served on any or all of the defendants, the serv
er shall also serve \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 a copy of the return
on the plaintiff\u8216?s counsel, stating the reasons for the failure of servic
e w/in 5 days therefrom. In \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 such a case
, or if the summons has been lost, the clerk, on demand of the plaintiff may iss
ue an alias summons (Sec 5) \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Form \par\pard\
ql \li1080\sb1\sl-238\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Content (Sec 2) \par
\pard\ql \li1445\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1.\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Name of the court and the names
of the parties to the action; \par\pard\ql \li1445\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
A direction that the defendant answer w/in the time fixed by the Rules; \par\pa
rd\qj \li1445\ri693\sb21\sl-240\slmult0\tx1805 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3.\
ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Notice that unless the
defendant so answers, plaintiff will take judgment by default and may be grante
d the relief \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 prayed for \par\pard\ql \li
1080\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 If with leave of court (Se
c 17) \par\pard\qj \li1445\ri2169\sb24\sl-260\slmult0\tx2165 \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If service is to be effected in any manner for which le
ave of court is necessary, it shall be made: \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscale
\cf3\f4\fs22 By motion \par\pard\ql \li2165\sb1\sl-235\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1
\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In writing \par\pard\qj \li2165\ri3810\sb21\sl-240\slmu
\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Supported by affidavit of the plaint
iff or some person on his behalf \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Setting
forth the grounds for the application \par\pard\ql \li720\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Who serves (Sec 3) \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri4782\sb8\s
l-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\
ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The sheriff, or \line \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\
cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 His deputy, or \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb
922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Other proper court
officer, or \par\pard\qj \li720\ri2912\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Any suitable persons authorized by the court issui
ng the summons - for justifiable reasons \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 On whom \
par\pard\ql \li1080\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 In general
(Secs 1, 6) \par\pard\ql \li1445\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex
rsub\cf3\f4\fs22 To the defendants (Sec 1) \par\pard\qj \li2165\ri1053\sb0\sl-2
60\slmult0\tx2525 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\
ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Whenever practicable,
the summons shall be served by \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 handing\ul0\nosupersu
b\cf3\f4\fs22 a copy thereof to the defendant \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 in \l
ine\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 person\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 , or if
he refuses to receive and sign for it, by \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 tendering\
ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 it to him \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-213\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Entity without juridical personality (Sec 8) \par\pa
rd\qj \li1445\ri993\sb45\sl-240\slmult0\tx1805 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul
3\f4\fs22 When persons associated in an entity without juridical personality ar
e sued under the name by which they are \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
generally or commonly known, service may be effected: \par\pard\ql \li2165\sb10\
sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0
\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Upon all defendants by se
rving upon any one of them; or \par\pard\ql \li2165\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \exp
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Upon the person in charge of the office or place
of business maintained in such name \par\pard\ql \li2885\ri906\sb21\sl-240\slmul
t0\tx3246 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs22 \u-3929?\u

l0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 But such service shall
not bind individually any person whose connection with the entity has, \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 upon due notice, been severed before the action w
as brought \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
0 Associations \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 Domestic (Sec 11) \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri3981\sb41\sl-240\slmult0\tx2521 \u
cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Service may be made on: \line\tab \up0
fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The president; \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri3823\s
b16\sl-246\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Managing partner; \li
ne \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\
cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 General manager; \line \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Corporate secretary; \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
f3\f4\fs22 Treasurer; or \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri3946\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\fi720
\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In-house counsel \line \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 List exclusive \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb49\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 E.B. Villarosa & Partner Co., Ltd. vs. Benito\u
l0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (312 SCRA 65) \par\pard\ql \li2881\ri721\sb0\sl-246\s
lmult0\tx3241\tx3241\tx3241 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f
12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The designat
ion of persons or officers who are authorized to accept summons for a domestic \
line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 corporation or partnership is now limited
and more clearly specified in Sec 11, Rule 14 - rule \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-7
\charscalex100 now states \u8213?general manager\u8214? instead of only \u8213?m
anager\u8214?; \u8213?corporate secretary\u8214? instead of \line \tab \up0 \exp
ndtw-8\charscalex100 \u8213?secretary\u8214?; and \u8213?treasurer\u8214? instea
d of \u8213?cashier\u8214? \par\pard\ql \li2881\ri456\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx3241\
tx3241\tx3241\tx3241\tx3241\tx3241 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Stric
t compliance with the mode of service is necessary to confer jurisdiction of the
court over a \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 corporation. The officer u
pon whom service is made must be the one who is named in the \line \tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 statute, otherwise the service is insufficient. x x x. The
purpose is to render it reasonably certain \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 that the corporation will receive prompt and proper notice in an action aga
inst it or to insure that \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the summons b
e served on a representative so integrated with the corporation that such person
\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 will know what to do with the legal pa
pers served on him. In other words, \u8215?to bring home to the \line \tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 corporation notice of the filing of the action.\u8216?
x x x. The liberal construction rule cannot be \par\pard\li720\sb154\sl-276\slmu
lt0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suar
ez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24
25\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66\par\pard\sect\s
ectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg26}{\bkmkend Pg26
}\par\pard\ql \li8408\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8408\sb196\sl-276\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Civil Procedure | Ju
stice de Leon \par\pard\qj \li3241\ri848\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 invoked and utilized as a substitute for t
he plain legal requirements as to the manner in which \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 summons should be served on a domestic corporation \par\pard\ql \li2881\ri83
12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Service of s
ummons upon persons other than those mentioned in Sec 13 of Rule 14 (old rule) \
line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 has been held as improper \par\pard\ql \l
i1440\sb0\sl-198\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Foreign (Sec 12) \par\par
f6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Ser
vice may be made on: \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
persub\cf3\f4\fs22 Its resident agent designated in accordance with law for th
at purpose, or \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri2407\sb21\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
supersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If there be no such agent, on the government official des
ignated by law to that effect, or \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 On any
of its officers or agents within the Philippines \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb30\sl-2
0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Northwest Orient Airlines
, Inc. vs. CA\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (241 SCRA 192) \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb
l0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 It is settled that matt
ers of remedy and procedure such as those relating to the service of process \pa
r\pard\ql \li2881\ri708\sb13\sl-250\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 upon a
defendant are governed by the lex fori or the internal law of the forum. In thi
s case, it is the \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 procedural law of Japan where th
e judgment was rendered that determines the validity of the \line \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 extraterritorial service of process on Sharp. \par\pard\ql \li25
21\ri679\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 It wa
s then incumbent upon Sharp to present evidence as to what Japanese procedural l
aw is and to \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 show that under it, the ass
ailed extraterritorial service is invalid \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri762\sb0\sl-260\
slmult0\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0
\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In light of the absence o
f proof regarding Japanese law, the presumption of identity or similarity or \li
ne\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the so-called processual presumption may be
invoked \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb1\sl-215\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \
4\fs22 Extraterritorial service of summons on it by the Japanese Court was val
id not only under the \par\pard\qj \li2881\ri629\sb25\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 processual presumption but also because of the presumption of
regularity of performance of official \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 duty
\par\pard\ql \li1440\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Public cor
poration (Sec 13) \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb50\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\chars
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When the defendant is \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1\sl-237\slm
b\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The Republic of the Philippines - s
ervice may be effected on the \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Solicitor General \par
\pard\qj \li2161\ri805\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \
4\fs22 A province, city or municipality, or like public corporations - service
may be effected on its \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 executive \line\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 head\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 , or on such other officer
or \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 officers as the law or the court may direct \par
\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-216\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf3\f4\fs22 Minors (Sec 10) \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri694\sb45\sl-240\slmult0\tx1
ersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Service shall be made upon him p
ersonally \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 and\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 on his leg
al guardian if he has one, or if none, upon his guardian \line\tab \up0 \expndtw
-4\charscalex100 ad litem whose appointment shall be applied for by the plaintif
f \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri3108\sb24\sl-260\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscal

persub\cf3\f4\fs22 Service may also be made on his father or mother \line \up0
\expndtw-4\charscalex100 Insane, incompetents (Sec 10) \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri69
7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Service
shall be made upon him personally \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 and\ul0\nosupersu
b\cf3\f4\fs22 on his legal guardian if he has one, or if none, upon his guardia
n \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 ad litem whose appointment shall be ap
plied for by the plaintiff \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 Prisoners (Sec 9) \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri560\sb24\sl-260\slmult
nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Service shall be effected u
pon him by the officer having the management of such jail or institution who is
deemed \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 deputized as a special sheriff fo
r said purpose \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-235\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 Unknown defendant (Sec 14) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb5\sl-236\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 * whether in rem, quasi in rem or personal \par\pard\ql \l
i1440\ri623\sb61\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0
\f4\fs22 Where the defendant is designated as an unknown owner, or the like, or
whenever his whereabouts are unknown \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 an
d cannot be ascertained by diligent inquiry, service may, by leave of court, be
effected upon him \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 by \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 publication\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 in a newspaper of general circ
ulation and in such places and for such time as the court may order \par\pard\ql
7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Any act
ion - in rem, in personam, quasi in rem \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Residents temporarily out (Sec 16) \par\pard\qj \l
2 Service \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 may\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 , by leave
of court, be also effected out of the Philippines, as under the preceding secti
on (Sec 15 -\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Extraterritorial Service) \
par\pard\qj \li1080\ri4642\sb40\sl-240\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 Service can also be done here - to the residence in the Philipp
ines \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Non-resident (Sec 15) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb
10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 * in rem, quasi in rem \par\pard
\ql \li1440\ri561\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
ub\cf3\f4\fs22 In cases where the defendant is a non-resident who cannot be fou
nd in the Philippines and the action is in rem or \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 quasi in rem, service of summons may, by leave of court, be effected o
ut of the Philippines in three ways, known \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 as extraterritorial service: \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \
22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 By personal service as under Sec 6; \par\pard\
qj \li2161\ri996\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\no
supersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
By publication in a newspaper of general circulation with the sending of a co
py of the summons and \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 order by registere
d mail to the last known address of the defendant; or \par\pard\li720\sb130\sl-2
K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f
3\fs24 26\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66\par\pard
\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg27}{\bkmke
nd Pg27}\par\pard\ql \li8408\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8408\sb196\sl-276
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Civil Procedu
re | Justice de Leon \par\pard\qj \li720\ri5194\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\fi1440 \up0 \

22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In any other manner the court may deem suffici
ent \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Modes of service \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-2
09\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Personal (Sec 6) \par\pard\ql \li1440\s
b35\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 By \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf4\f5\fs22 handing\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 a copy to the defendant in per
son, or \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \
cf3\f4\fs22 If he refuses to receive and sign for it, by \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5
\fs22 tendering\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 it to him -\par\pard\qj \li2161\ri65
12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Proposed ame
ndment: leave the summons in a place within the premises where the defendant can
see it. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Defendant must have seen it. Co
nsidered as valid service \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1\sl-213\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Proof of service: sheriff\u8216?s report \par\pard\ql
\li1080\sb14\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Substituted (Sec 7) \p
ub\cf3\f4\fs22 If for justifiable causes, the defendant cannot be served by per
sonal service within a reasonable time, service may \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\ch
arscalex100 be effected: \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri989\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\tx2521 \u
6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 By leaving copies of the summons at the de
fendant\u8216?s residence with some person of suitable age and \line\tab \up0 \e
xpndtw-2\charscalex100 discretion then residing therein \par\pard\ql \li2881\sb1
\sl-216\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs22 \u-3
929?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Requisites for va
lid service of summons to the \u8213?person\u8214? therein: \par\pard\ql \li3601
\sb54\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \
u-3913?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 He must be a \
ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 resident\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 therein; \par\pa
cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3913?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 O
f suitable age\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 ; \par\pard\ql \li3601\sb7\sl-253\slmu
ersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 He must have \ul0\nosupersub\cf
4\f5\fs22 discretion\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 . \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri726\sb1
8\sl-240\slmult0\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\f
s22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 By leaving the c
opies at the defendant\u8216?s office or regular place of business with some com
petent person \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 in charge thereof \par\par
f6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Rob
inson vs. Miralles\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (510 SCRA 678) \par\pard\ql \li21
61\ri628\sb0\sl-248\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
supersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Summons\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 is a writ by which th
e defendant is notified of the action brought against him or her. In civil \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 actions, service of summons is the means by w
hich the court acquires jurisdiction over the person of the \line \tab \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 defendant. Any judgment without service, in the absence of
a valid waiver, is null and void. Where the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 action is in personam and the defendant is in the Philippines, the service
of summons may be made \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 through personal
or substituted service in the manner provided for in Secs 6 and 7, Rule 14 of t
he 1997 \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Rules of Civil Procedure, as am
ended \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb2\sl-251\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0

s22 For substituted service to be justified, the following circumstances must
be clearly established: \par\pard\qj \li3606\ri2099\sb19\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs22 \u-3929?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\
f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Personal service of summons within a reas
onable time was impossible; \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f
11\fs22 \u-3929?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Effor
ts were made to locate the party; and \par\pard\ql \li3606\ri662\sb12\sl-250\slm
ult0\tx3966\tx3966 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs22 \
u-3929?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The summons wa
s served upon a person of sufficient age and discretion residing at the \line\ta
b \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 party\u8216?s residence or upon a competent pers
on in charge of the party\u8216?s office or place of \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 business \par\pard\ql \li2161\ri683\sb0\sl-246\slmult0\tx2521\tx25
21\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosu
persub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Where the sheriff was refused
entry by the security guard upon the defendant\u8216?s strict instructions not t
o \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 allow anybody to proceed to her reside
nce whenever she is out, making it impossible for the sheriff to \line \tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 effect personal or substituted service upon such defen
dant, service upon the guard is deemed sufficient \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 for the court to acquire jurisdiction over the said defendant \par\pa
rd\ql \li1080\sb3\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Publication (Sec
14) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\
f4\fs22 In a newspaper of general circulation \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri4262\sb38\
sl-240\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \
u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Service upon a
defendant whose identity or whereabouts are unknown \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex10
0 Extraterritorial (Secs 15, 16) \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri2860\sb40\sl-240\slmult0
osupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When the defendant does not
reside and is not found in the Philippines and the action: \line\tab \up0 \expnd
ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Affects the personal status of the plaintiff; or \p
f3\f4\fs22 Relates to, or the subject of which is, property within the Philipp
ines in which the defendant has or \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 claim
s a lien or interest, actual or contingent; or \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri597\sb20\s
l-240\slmult0\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22
o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In which the relief
demanded consists, wholly or in part, in excluding the property of the defendan
t from \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 any interest therein (property in
the Philippines); or \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri3419\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0
s22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The property of the defendant has been attach
ed within the Philippines, \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\
fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Service m
ay, by leave of court, be effected: \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb0\sl-198\slmult0 \up0
fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Out of the Philippines by personal service a
s under Sec 6; or \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri890\sb23\sl-240\slmult0\tx2521 \up0 \ex
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 By publication in a newspaper of general circula
tion in such places and for such time as the court may \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4
\charscalex100 order, in which case: \par\pard\ql \li2881\ri616\sb20\sl-240\slmu
lt0\tx3241 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs22 \u-3929?\
ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A copy of the summons
and order of the court shall be sent by registered mail to the last known \line\
tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 address of the defendant; or \par\pard\ql \li2
s22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In any other man
ner the court may deem sufficient \par\pard\li720\sb109\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx100
84 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\
tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 27\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\pap
erw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg28}{\bkmkend Pg28}\par\pard\ql
\li8408\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8408\sb196\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Civil Procedure | Justice de Leon
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Any order granting such leave shall specify a reasonable time
, which shall not be less than 60 days from notice, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\ch
arscalex100 within which the defendant must answer. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb30\sl
ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Valmonte vs. CA\ul0\nos
upersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (252 SCRA 92) \par\pard\ql \li2161\ri660\sb18\sl-240\slmult
0\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul
0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A resident defendant in
an action in personam who cannot be personally served with summons may be \line\
tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 summoned either by means of substituted servic
e in accordance with Rule 14, Sec 8 or by publication as \line \tab \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 provided in Secs 17 and 18 of the same Rule \par\pard\qj \li21
61\ri815\sb20\sl-240\slmult0\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If t
he action is in rem or quasi in rem, jurisdiction over the person of the defenda
nt is not essential for \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 giving the court
jurisdiction so long as the court acquires jurisdiction over the res \par\pard\
ql \li2161\ri546\sb16\sl-245\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 What gives the court jurisdiction in an action in rem or quasi
in rem is that it has jurisdiction over the res, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 and the service of summons in the manner provided in Sec 17 is not for
the purpose of vesting it with \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 jurisdi
ction but for complying with the requirements of fair play or due process \line
5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Service of summons upon a non-resident
who is not found in the Philippines must be made \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-4\char
scalex100 either: \par\pard\ql \li3241\sb9\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs22 \u-3929?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 By personal service; \par\pard\qj \li3241\ri3120\sb18\sl
-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs22 \u-3929
?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 By publication in a
newspaper of general circulation; or \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\no
supersub\cf10\f11\fs22 \u-3929?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\
f5\fs22 In any other manner which the court may deem sufficient \par\pard\qj \
li2252\ri548\sb20\sl-240\slmult0\tx2612 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosup
ersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 T
he three modes of service of summons upon a non-resident must be made outside th
e Philippines, such \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 as through the Phili
ppine Embassy in the foreign country where the defendant resides. \par\pard\ql \
li2165\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\
fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 See Q#1 i
n 2008 Bar Remedial Law \par\pard\qj \li2165\ri890\sb22\sl-260\slmult0\tx2525 \u
cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 To make publication complete, serve su
mmons on last known address - makes extraterritorial service \line\tab \up0 \exp
ndtw-4\charscalex100 complete \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb6\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expn

s22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Perkin Elmer Singapore Pte Ltd. vs. Dakila Tra
ding Corporation\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (530 SCRA 170) \par\pard\ql \li2521
\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 * registered mail invalid serv
ice of summons \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
\cf3\f4\fs22 Four instances when extraterritorial service is \par\pard\ql \li2
s22 \u-3929?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Affects t
he personal status of the plaintiff; or \par\pard\ql \li2881\ri612\sb18\sl-240\s
lmult0\tx3241 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs22 \u-392
9?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Relates to, or the
subject of which is, property within the Philippines in which the defendant has
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 or claims a lien or interest, actual or
contingent; or \par\pard\ql \li2881\ri1258\sb20\sl-240\slmult0\tx3241 \up0 \expn
dtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs22 \u-3929?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6
\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In which the relief demanded consists, whol
ly or in part, in excluding the property of the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 defendant from any interest therein (property in the Philippines); or \p
rsub\cf10\f11\fs22 \u-3929?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\f
s22 The property of the defendant has been attached within the Philippines, \p
ar\pard\qj \li720\ri2196\sb18\sl-240\slmult0\fi1440 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex10
3\f4\fs22 Only for in rem and quasi in rem - jurisdiction over person of defen
dant is immaterial \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Voluntary appearance (Sec 20) \
par\pard\ql \li1080\ri993\sb32\sl-250\slmult0\tx1440\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-2\char
nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The defendant\u8216?s voluntary appearance in the action
shall be equivalent to service of summons. The inclusion in a \line\tab \up0 \e
xpndtw-2\charscalex100 motion to dismiss of other grounds aside from lack of jur
isdiction over the person of the defendant shall not be \line \tab \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 deemed a voluntary appearance \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb28\sl-253\
osupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Delos Santos vs. Montesa\ul0
\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (221 SCRA 15) \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \
f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Assuming in gratia argumenti that the sta
tutory norms on service of summons have not been strictly \par\pard\qj \li2161\r
i515\sb0\sl-250\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 complied with, still, any
defect in form and in the manner of effecting service thereof were nonetheless e
rased \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 when petitioner\u8216?s counsel moved
to re-examine the impugned decision and posed a subsequent bid on appeal \line \
up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 to impede immediate execution. Such demeanor is tan
tamount to voluntary submission to the competencia of \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri656
\sb3\sl-250\slmult0\fi1080\tx2161\tx2161\tx1800\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 the court within the purview of Sec 23, Rule 14 since any mode of ap
pearance in court by a defendant or his \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
lawyer is equivalent to service of summons, absent any indication that the appea
rance of counsel for \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 petitioner was pre
cisely to protest the jurisdiction of the court over the person of defendant \li
ne \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosup
ersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Orion Security Corporation vs. K
alfam Enterprises, Inc.\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (512 SCRA 617) \line \tab \u
6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A party who makes a special appearance in
court challenging the jurisdiction of the court based on the \line \tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 ground of invalid service of summons is not deemed to have
submitted himself to the jurisdiction of the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 court \par\pard\ql \li720\sb8\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
0 Return of Service (Sec 4) \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri517\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\tx144

nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When the service has been c
ompleted, the server shall, within 5 days therefrom, serve a copy of the return,
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 personally \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 or by \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 registered mail\ul
0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 , to the \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 plaintiff\u8217?s
counsel\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 , and shall return the summons to the clerk w
ho issued it, \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs
22 accompanied by proof\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 of service \par\pard\ql \li1
080\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Proof of service (Sec 18)
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Made in writing by the server and shall set forth the: \line\
tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub
\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Manner \par\pard\li720\sb132\sl-276\
slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K
Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\f
s24 28\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66\par\pard\se
ct\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg29}{\bkmkend
Pg29}\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb202\sl-276\slmult0\fi
6607 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Civil Procedure |
Justice de Leon\par\pard\li1800\sb1\sl-244\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
b\cf3\f4\fs22 Place\par\pard\ql \li1800\sb2\sl-242\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosup
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Date of service \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb2\sl-238\slmult0 \up0
fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Any papers served with the process \par\pard
\ql \li1800\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Name of
person who received the same \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri4185\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\fi36
f5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Sworn to when made by a person other t
han a sheriff or his deputy \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Publication (Sec 19) \
par\pard\qj \li1800\ri548\sb22\sl-260\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 Made by the affidavit of publication by the printer, his forema
n or principal clerk, or of the editor, business or \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\ch
arscalex100 advertising manager, \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri613\sb37\sl-240\slmult0\
supersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 And the affidavit showing the
deposit of a copy of the summons and order for publication in the post office,
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 postage prepaid, directed to the defenda
nt by registered mail to his last known address \par\pard\qj \li6060\sb0\sl-260\
slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li6060\ri5143\sb4\sl-260\slmult0\fi47 \up0 \expndtw-5\chars
calex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 Rule 15 \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100
Motions \par\pard\ql \li720\sb246\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In general (Sec 1) \par\pard\qj \li720\ri5784\sb38\s
l-240\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u
-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Motions\ul0\nosu
persub\cf3\f4\fs22 - application for relief other than by a pleading \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 Form (Sec 2) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri2128\sb24\sl-260\slmult0
ub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 All motions shall be in writing exc
ept those made in open court or in the course of a hearing or trial \up0 \expndt
w-4\charscalex100 Generally (Sec 10) \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri637\sb37\sl-240\slmu
0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Rules applicable to plead
ings shall apply to written motions so far as concerns caption, designation, sig
nature and \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 other matters of form \par\pa

rd\ql \li1080\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 May be oral (Sec
2) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri4279\sb61\sl-240\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
upersub\cf3\f4\fs22 \u8213?x x x those made in open court or in the course of a
hearing or trial\u8214? \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Motion for leave (Sec 9)
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A motion for leave to file a pleading or motion shall be acco
mpanied by the pleading or motion sought to be \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charsca
lex100 admitted \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 Prohibited motions \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri1399\sb21\sl-240\slmult0\tx2161
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3
\f4\fs22 Motion to dismiss the complaint or to quash the complaint or informat
ion on the ground of lack of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 jurisdictio
n over the subject matter, or failure to refer the case to the Lupon. \par\pard\
ql \li1800\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 b.\ul0\nosupersub\c
f5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Motion for a bill or particulars \par\p
ard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 c.\ul0\nosupersu
b\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Motion for new trial, or for recons
ideration of a judgment, or for reopening of trial; \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb3\sl237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 d.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\no
supersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Petition for relief from judgment; \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb
10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 e.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Motion for extension of time to file pleading, affi
davits, or any other paper; \par\pard\li1800\sb1\sl-251\slmult0\fi0\tx2161 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 f.\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Memoranda;\par\par
d\li1800\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 g.\ul0\nosupersub\
cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Petition for certiorari, mandamus, or
prohibition against any interlocutory order issued by the court;\par\pard\li180
0\sb1\sl-242\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 h.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\
fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Motion to declare the defendant in default;\p
ar\pard\li1800\sb2\sl-250\slmult0\fi0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 i.\ta
b \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Dilatory motions for postponement;\par\pard\li18
00\sb0\sl-245\slmult0\fi0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 j.\tab \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 Reply;\par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw1\charscalex100 k.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Thir
d-party complaints; \par\pard\li1800\sb10\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx2161 \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 l.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Interventions.\par\pard\q
l \li720\sb227\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Contents (Sec 3) \pa
rsub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Relief sought to be obtained \pa
rsub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Grounds relied upon \par\pard\qj
\li720\ri1691\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3.\ul0\nos
upersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Supporting affidavits and oth
er papers if required by the Rules or necessary to prove facts alleged therein \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Omnibus motion rule (Sec 8) \par\pard\ql \li1262\sb
922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Omnibus motion\ul0
\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 - a motion attacking a pleading, order, judgment or pro
ceeding \par\pard\qj \li1262\ri1140\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\tx1622 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
l0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Omnibus motion rule\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 - the
motion filed shall include all objections then available, and all objections no
t so \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 included shall be deemed waived \pa
r\pard\ql \li2161\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Exceptions (R
ule 9, Sec 1) \par\pard\qj \li1805\ri670\sb24\sl-260\slmult0\tx2165 \up0 \expndt
2 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 General Rule: Defenses and objections not pleade
d either in a motion to dismiss or in an answer are deemed \line\tab \up0 \expnd

tw-4\charscalex100 waived \par\pard\qj \li1805\ri3213\sb37\sl-240\slmult0\tx2525
ub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Exception: When it appears from the
pleadings or the evidence on record that: \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex1
f3\f4\fs22 The court has no jurisdiction over the subject matter; \par\pard\li
ub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\no
supersub\cf2\f3\fs24 29\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs
24 66\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstar
t Pg30}{\bkmkend Pg30}\par\pard\ql \li8408\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li840
Civil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\ql \li2525\ri2347\sb0\sl-250\slmult
ersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 There is another action pending
between the same parties for the same cause; or \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \
4\fs22 The action is barred by a prior judgment or by statute of limitations;
\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 The court shall dismiss the claim \par\
pard\ql \li720\sb1\sl-245\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Notice of hearin
g (Secs 4, 5) \par\pard\qj \li1262\ri538\sb40\sl-240\slmult0\tx1622 \up0 \expndt
2 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Except for motions which the court may act upon
without prejudicing the rights of the adverse party, \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22
every written \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 motion shall be set for h
earing by the applicant\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 . \par\pard\qj \li1622\sb0\sl
-240\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1622\ri566\sb20\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\chars
calex100 Every written motion required to be heard and the notice of the hearing
thereof shall be served in such a manner as \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 to en
sure its receipt by the other party \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 at least 3 days
before the date of hearing\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 , unless the court for goo
d cause \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 sets the hearing on shorter notice (Sec 4)
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Notice of hearing shall be \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 addres
sed to all\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 parties concerned, and shall specify the
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 time and date \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 of the hea
ring \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 which must \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\f
s22 not\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 be later than 10 days after the filing of th
e motion \par\pard\qj \li1440\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\ri4418\sb17
\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Genera
l Rule\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 : Without compliance, the motion is a mere scr
ap of paper \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Exceptions
persub\cf3\f4\fs22 Motions which may be granted ex parte \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri
ub\cf12\f13\fs22 Ex parte\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 motion - one which does n
ot require that the parties be heard and which the court may act upon \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 without prejudicing the rights of the other party.
They are frequently permissible in procedural matters, and \line \tab \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 also in situations and under circumstances of emergency; an
d an exception to the rule requiring notice is \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charsc
alex100 made where notice or the resulting delay might tend to defeat the object
ive of the motion \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs
22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Example: on
e filed by the plaintiff pursuant to Rule 18, Sec 1 - motion that the case be se
t for pre-trial. Res \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 judicata, litis pen
dentia, prescription - need not be pleaded \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri3180\sb0\sl-28
0\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Where adverse party had opportuni

ty to oppose \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22
\u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Llanto vs. Di
maporo\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (16 SCRA 599) \par\pard\ql \li2881\ri490\sb0\
sl-250\slmult0\tx3241\tx3241\tx3241\tx3241 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\no
Lack of previous notice of hearing of the motion to dismiss granted by the co
urt, was fully cured \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 by the aggrieved pa
rty\u8216?s motion for reconsideration which was overruled by the court, \u8213?
and the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 previous objection of lack of n
otice or opportunity to be heard fully met.\u8214? What the law \line \tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 prohibits \u8213?is not the absence of previous notice,
but the absolute absence thereof and lack of \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charsca
lex100 opportunity to be heard.\u8214? \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1\sl-225\slmult0 \
\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Vlason Enterprises Corp. vs. CA\ul0\n
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (330 SCRA 26) \par\pard\ql \li2881\sb7\sl-235\slmult0 \up
\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Service of a copy of a motion containing th
e time and place of hearing of that motion is a \par\pard\qj \li3241\ri749\sb21\
sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 mandatory requirement, and failure
of the movants to comply with these requirements renders \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 their motions fatally defective. \par\pard\ql \li2881\sb3\sl-237\slmult0
\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 However, there are exceptions to this ru
le where liberal construction has been allowed in cases: \par\pard\ql \li3601\sb
10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Where a rigid application will result in a manifest
failure or miscarriage of justice; \par\pard\qj \li3961\ri588\sb0\sl-240\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 especially if a party successfully shows that th
e alleged defect in the questioned final and \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
executory judgment is not apparent on its face or from the recitals contained t
herein; \par\pard\ql \li3601\sb8\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 2.
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Where the interest of
substantial justice will be served; \par\pard\ql \li3601\ri1141\sb0\sl-260\slmu
lt0\tx3961 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 3.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Where the resolution of the motion is addressed solely to
the sound and judicious \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 discretion of th
e court; and \par\pard\ql \li3601\ri1171\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx3961 \up0 \expndtw
-4\charscalex100 4.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Wh
ere the injustice to the adverse party is not commensurate to the degree of his
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 thoughtlessness in not complying with th
e procedure prescribed. \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb3\sl-236\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 Proof of service (Sec 6) \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1793\sb8\sl-280\sl
upersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 No written motion set for hear
ing shall be acted upon by the court without proof of service thereof \up0 \expn
s22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 See Rule 13 \par\pard\ql \li720\sb1\sl-231\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Hearing of motions (Sec 7) \par\pard\ql \li10
\u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Friday aftern
oon, or if Friday is a non-working day, in the afternoon of the next working day
\par\pard\ql \li6107\sb248\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\no
supersub\cf2\f3\fs24 Rule 16 \par\pard\ql \li5536\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-5\charscalex100 Motion to Dismiss \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par
\pard\ql\li720\sb14\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf3\f4\fs22 Four general types of motion to dismiss under the Rules \par\pard\q
l \li1080\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5
\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Motion to dismiss before answer (Rule 16
) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 2.\ul0\n

osupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Motion to dismiss by plaint
iff (Rule 17) \par\pard\li720\sb152\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 30\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66
}
}}
}
pndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 3.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Motion to dismiss on demurrer to evidence after p
laintiff has rested his case under Rule 33 \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb11\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf3\f4\fs22 Motion to dismiss appeal either in: \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-2
37\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf3\f4\fs22 RTC (Rule 41, Sec 13); \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb10\sl-253\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf3\f4\fs22 CA (Rule 50, Sec 1); or \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 c.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\
f4\fs22 SC (Rule 56, Sec 5) \par\pard\ql \li720\sb250\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw-3\charscalex100 Grounds (Sec 1) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4
\fs22 Court has no jurisdiction over the person of the defending party; \par\p
ard\ql \li1080\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 b.\ul0\nosupersu
b\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Court has no jurisdiction over the s
ubject matter of the claim; \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-1\charscalex100 c.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
Venue is improperly laid; \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw1\charscalex100 d.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Plai
ntiff has no legal capacity to sue; \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-1\charscalex100 e.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\
fs22 There is another action pending between the same parties for the same cau
se; \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb10\sl-253\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex10
0 f. \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Cause of action is barred by a prior jud
gment or by the statute of limitations; \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 g.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3
\f4\fs22 Pleading asserting the claim states no cause of action; \par\pard\li1

080\sb12\sl-253\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 h.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\
f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Claim or demand set forth in the plaintiff
\u8216?s pleading has been paid, waived, abandoned, or otherwise extinguished;\p
ar\pard\li1080\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\fi0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 i.\ta
b \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Claim on which the action is founded is unenforc
eable under the provisions of the statute of frauds; and\par\pard\li1080\sb0\sl245\slmult0\fi0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 j.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 Condition precedent for filing the claim has not been complied with.\p
ar\pard\ql \li1080\sb232\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Lack of ju
risdiction \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
ub\cf4\f5\fs22 Boticano vs. Chu\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (148 SCRA 541) \par
\pard\ql \li1080\ri543\sb14\sl-245\slmult0\fi1080\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx
2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\no
supersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Defect in service of summons
cannot be raised for the first time on appeal. One of the circumstances \line\t
ab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 considered by the Court as indicative of waiver
by the defendant-appellant of any alleged defect of \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 jurisdiction over his person arising from defective or even want o
f process, is his failure to raise the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
question of jurisdiction in the Court of First Instance and at the first opportu
nity. Defects in jurisdiction \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 arising f
rom irregularities in the commencement of the proceedings, defective process or
even absence of \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 process may be waived b
y a failure to make seasonable objections. x x x. The question of jurisdiction \
line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 which was never raised before the trial
court cannot be done at this stage and level \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
0 Res judicata \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb29\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscal
persub\cf10\f11\fs22 \u-4007?\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Del Rosario vs. Far Ea
st Bank and Trust Company\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (537 SCRA 571) \par\pard\q
l \li2161\sb7\sl-253\slmult0\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf11\f12\fs22 o \tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
\u8213?Bar by former judgment\u8214? makes the judgment rendered in the first c
ase an absolute bar to the \par\pard\qj \li2521\ri851\sb0\sl-246\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw-2\charscalex100 subsequent action since that judgment is conclusive not o
nly as to the matters offered and received to \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 sust
ain it but also as to any other matter which might have been offered for that pu
rpose and which \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 could have been adjudged therein it is this concept that the term res judicata is more commonly and \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 generally used as a ground for a motion to dismiss in civil ca
ses \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb2\sl-253\slmult0\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 The second rule of res judicata is \u8213?conclusiveness of judg
ment\u8214? - it refers to a situation where the \par\pard\qj \li2521\ri688\sb0\
sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 judgment in the prior action operat
es as an estoppel only as to the matters actually determined or which \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 were necessarily included therein \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb3\s
o \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Requisites of
bar by former judgment \par\pard\ql \li2881\sb11\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Final
ity of the former judgment; \par\pard\ql \li2881\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w-1\charscalex100 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Co
urt which rendered it had jurisdiction over the subject matter and the parties;
\par\pard\ql \li2881\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 c.\ul0\no
supersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 It must be a judgment on the
merits; and \par\pard\ql \li2881\ri1107\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx3241 \up0 \expndtw
-1\charscalex100 d.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The
re must be, between the first and second actions, identity of parties, subject m
atter and \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 causes of action \par\pard\ql
\li2161\sb8\sl-253\slmult0\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf11\f12\fs22 o \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 R
equisites of conclusiveness \par\pard\ql \li2881\ri543\sb13\sl-246\slmult0\tx324
1\tx3241\tx3241 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs22 \u-3
929?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In determining wh
ether causes of action are identical to warrant the application of the rule of r
es \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 judicata, the test is to ascertain \u
l0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 whether the same evidence which is necessary to sustai
n the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 second action would suffice to au
thorize a recovery in the first even in cases in which the \line \tab \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 forms or nature of the two actions are different \par\pard\q
l \li2161\ri504\sb0\sl-248\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521 \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A party cannot, by varying the form of
action or adopting a different method of presenting his case, or by \line\tab \
up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 pleading justifiable circumstances, escape the oper
ation of the principle that one and the same cause of \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2
\charscalex100 action shall not be twice litigated. Authorities tend to widen ra
ther than restrict the doctrine of res \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
judicata on the ground that public as well as private interest demands the endin
g of suits by requiring the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 parties to
sue once and for all in the same case all the special proceedings and remedies t
o which they are \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 entitled \par\pard\li7
20\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb147\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \exp
ndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 31\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\f
s24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\pape
rh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg32}{\bkmkend Pg32}\par\pard\ql \li8408\sb0\
sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8408\sb196\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Civil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\ql
12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Re-litigatio
n of matters already settled by a court\u8216?s final judgment merely burdens th
e courts and the \par\pard\qj \li2521\ri720\sb22\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 taxpayers, creates uneasiness and confusion, and wastes valuable t
ime and energy that could be devoted \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 to worthier c
ases - interest reipublicae ut sit finis litium \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb0\sl-253\
slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1080\sb37\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u
f3\f4\fs22 Jurisdiction over the person may be waived \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb27
2?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Lack of jurisdiction
over the subject matter may be raised at any time \par\pard\ql \li720\sb227\sl253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 No cause of action \par\pard\ql \li108
\u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Halimao vs. Vi
llanueva\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (253 SCRA 1) \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb7\sl-25
3\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosu
persub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Rule that a motion to dismiss
is to be considered as a hypothetical admission of the facts alleged in the \par
\pard\qj \li2161\ri684\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 complain
t applies more particularly to cases in which the ground for dismissal is the fa
ilure of the complaint \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 to state a cause of action.
\par\pard\ql \li1800\ri529\sb12\sl-248\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161\tx21
cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The rule does not unqualifiedly apply
to a case where the defendant files a MTD based on lack of jurisdiction; \line\
tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 improper venue; lack of capacity to sue; litis
pendencia, res judicata, prescription, unenforceability or on the \line \tab \u

p0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 allegation that the suit is between members of the s
ame family and no earnest efforts towards a compromise \line \tab \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 have been made. In such cases, the hypothetical admission is lim
ited to the facts alleged in the complaint \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex
100 which relate to and are necessary for the resolution of these grounds as pre
liminary matters involving \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 substantive
or procedural laws, but not to the other facts of the case. \par\pard\ql \li1080
\ri1065\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\fi720\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosup
Where the motion is based on payment, waiver, abandonment, release, compromise o
r other form of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 extinguishment, the MTD
does not hypothetically but actually admits the facts alleged in the complaint.
\line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\no
supersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Tan vs. CA\ul0\nosupersub\cf3
\f4\fs22 (295 SCRA 247) \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-239\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3
nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Although the general rule is that averments in the comp
laint are deemed hypothetically admitted upon the \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri610\sb0
\sl-248\slmult0\fi360\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 filing of a motion to dismiss grounded on the failure to state a c
ause of action, it must taken into account the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
lex100 equally established limitations to such rule, i.e. that a motion to dismi
ss does not admit the truth of mere \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 epi
thets of fraud; nor allegations of legal conclusions; nor an erroneous statement
of law, etc. \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22
o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A more judicious re
solution of a motion to dismiss necessitates that the court be not restricted to
the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 consideration of the facts alleged
in the complaint and inferences fairly deducible therefrom. Courts may \line \t
ab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 consider other facts within the range of judici
al notice as well as relevant laws and jurisprudence which the \line \tab \up0 \
expndtw-2\charscalex100 courts are bound to take into account, and they are also
fairly entitled to examine records/documents duly \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 incorporated into the complaint by the pleader himself in ruling on
the demurrer to the complaint. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb222\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 Statute of Frauds \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb47\sl-253\slmult0
ub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Asia Production Co., Inc. vs. Pano\
ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (205 SCRA 458) \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri691\sb0\sl-240
\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul
0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The statute of frauds wi
ll apply only to executory rather than executed contracts. Partial execution is
enough \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 to bar the application of the sta
tute. \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri822\sb18\sl-240\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw
0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The action in the case at bar is not for specific per
formance, hence the Statute of Frauds does not apply. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 Even if the action were for specific performance, it was premature
for the respondent judge to dismiss the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex10
0 complaint by reason of the statute of frauds despite explicit allegations of p
artial payment. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb250\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 Condition precedent \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
2 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Sunville Timber Products, Inc. vs. Abad\ul0\nosu
persub\cf12\f13\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
(206 SCRA 482) \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri709\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161 \up0
s22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Non-observance of the doctrine of exhaustion
of administrative remedies although not jurisdictional results \line\tab \up0 \e
xpndtw-2\charscalex100 in lack of cause of action which is one of the grounds al

lowed in the Rules of Court for dismissal of the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 complaint. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb238\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 Who files \par\pard\ql \li720\ri4427\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\fi360 \up0
\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Defendant. Obviously. \line \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 How pleaded \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 Period (Sec 1) \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri2285\sb38\sl-240\slmul
rsub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Within the time for but before fi
ling the answer to the complaint or pleading asserting a claim \up0 \expndtw-4\c
harscalex100 As affirmative defense (Sec 6) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb30\sl-253\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosu
persub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If no MTD has been filed, any o
f the grounds for dismissal provided for in this Rule may be pleaded as an \par\
pard\qj \li1800\ri583\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 affirmati
ve defense in the answer and, in the discretion of the court, a preliminary hea
ring may be had thereon as \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 if a \par\pard\li
24 66\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstar
t Pg33}{\bkmkend Pg33}\par\pard\ql \li8408\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li840
Civil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\qj \li720\ri1730\sb34\sl-240\slmult
0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\n
osupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Counterclaim which may be pr
osecuted in same or separate action refers to permissive counterclaim \up0 \expn
dtw-4\charscalex100 Hearing and resolution (Secs 2, 3) \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri52
\cf3\f4\fs22 At hearing of the motion, parties shall submit their arguments on
the questions of law and their evidence on questions \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\c
harscalex100 of fact involved except those not available at that time. Should th
e case go to trial, the evidence presented during the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2
\charscalex100 hearing shall automatically be part of the evidence of the party
presenting the same. (Sec 2) \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A
fter the hearing, court may dismiss the action or claim, deny the motion, or ord
er the amendment of the pleading. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Court
shall not defer the resolution of the motion for the reason that the ground reli
ed upon is not indubitable. \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 In every ca
se, resolution shall state clearly and distinctly reasons therefor. (Sec 3) \par
Municipality of Binan vs. CA\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (219 SCRA 69) \par\par
d\qj \li1800\ri745\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\
22 Preliminary hearing under Sec 5, Rule 16 is not mandatory even when the sam
e is prayed for. It rests largely \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 on the
sound discretion of the trial court. \par\pard\li720\sb16\sl-253\slmult0\fi1080
5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A preliminary hearing on an affirmative
defense for failure to state a cause of action is not necessary.\par\pard\li720
\sb1\sl-243\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Effects\par\pard\ql \li108
0\sb3\sl-245\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Of dismissal (Sec 5) \par\par
d\ql \li1445\ri633\sb35\sl-245\slmult0\tx1805\tx1805\tx1805\tx1805 \up0 \expndtw
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Subject to the right of appeal, an order granting
a motion to dismiss based on paragraphs (f - cause of action is \line\tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 barred by a prior judgment or by the statute of limitat

ions), (h -claim or demand set forth in plaintiff\u8216?s pleading \line \tab \u
p0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 has been paid, waived, abandoned, or otherwise extin
guished) and (i - claim on which the action is founded is \line \tab \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 unenforceable under the provisions of the statute of frauds)
of section 1 hereof shall bar the refilling of the same \line \tab \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 action or claim. \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb9\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw-3\charscalex100 On periods for pleading (Sec 4) \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri5
60\sb10\sl-250\slmult0\fi364\tx1805\tx1805\tx1805 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\cf3\f4\fs22 If motion denied - movant shall file his answer within the balance
of the period prescribed by Rule 11 to which \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 he was entitled at the time of serving his motion, but not less than 5 day
s in any event, computed from his receipt \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 of the notice of the denial. If the pleading is ordered to be amended, he sha
ll file his answer within the period \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 pr
escribed by Rule 11 counted from service of amended pleading, unless the court p
rovides a longer period. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 On other grounds a
nd omnibus motion rule (Rule 9, Sec 1; Rule 15, Sec 8) \par\pard\ql \li1445\ri55
3\sb28\sl-253\slmult0\tx1805\tx1805\tx1805\tx1805\tx1805 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
upersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Defenses and objections not pleaded either in a motion to d
ismiss or in the answer are deemed waived. However, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 when it appears from the pleadings or the evidence on record that th
e court has no jurisdiction over the subject \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 matter, that there is another action pending between the same parties for
the same cause, or that the action is \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 b
arred by a prior judgment or by statute of limitations, the court shall dismiss
the claim (Rule 9, Sec1) \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6
\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Subje
ct to the provisions of sec 1, Rule 9, a motion attacking a pleading, order, jud
gment, or proceeding shall \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 include all o
bjections then available, and all objections not so included shall be deemed wai
ved (Rule 15, Sec 8 -\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 omnibus motion rul
e) \par\pard\ql \li720\sb227\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Remedi
es \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 If moti
on granted - appeal or refile complaint \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri3361\sb0\sl-280\s
lmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 If motion denied - file answer, unle
ss without jurisdiction, in which case, Rule 65 petition \line\tab \up0 \expndtw
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 NPC vs. CA\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (185 SCRA
22 It is significant that this case is elevated to the CA and now the SC becau
se of the denial of the \par\pard\qj \li2521\ri620\sb1\sl-245\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 petitioner\u8216?s motion to dismiss Meralco\u8216?s amended
petition. Unquestionably, it is but an incident to the \line \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 main case and the ordinary procedure would have been to file an answ
er, go to trial and if the decision is \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 adverse, re
iterate the issue on appeal. But this general rule is subject to certain excepti
ons, among which \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 are, if the court in denyin
g the motion to dismiss acts without or in excess of jurisdiction or with grave
\line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 abuse of discretion. \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb
l0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The reason is, it would
be unfair to require the defendant to undergo the ordeal and expense of trial \
par\pard\qj \li2521\ri552\sb0\sl-250\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 under
such circumstances as the remedy of appeal would not be plain and adequate. Mor
e importantly, \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 petitioner\u8216?s motion to dismis
s is based on the ground that the complaint states no cause of action, so that \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 there is no need for a full blown trial \par\pard\q

\f3\fs24 Rule 17 \par\pard\ql \li5435\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 Dismissal of Actions \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\
li720\sb14\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\f
s22 Upon motion by plaintiff - before answer (Sec 1) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri748\
sb22\sl-260\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\
fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A complai
nt may be dismissed by the plaintiff by filing a notice of dismissal at any time
before service of the answer \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 or of a mo
tion for summary judgment \par\pard\li720\sb108\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 33\ul0\nosupersub\cf1
\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66
}
}}
}
}}
}
6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Upon such notice being filed, the court sha
ll issue an order confirming the dismissal \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb27\sl-253\slmu
ersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Unless otherwise stated in the n
otice, the dismissal is without prejudice, except that a notice operates as an \
par\pard\qj \li1440\ri764\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 adjud
ication upon the merits when filed by a plaintiff who has once dismissed in a co
mpetent court an action based \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 on or including the
same claim \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb8\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
b\cf4\f5\fs22 O.B. Jovenir Construction and Development Corp. vs. Macamir Realt
y and CA\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (485 SCRA 446) \par\pard\ql \li720\ri547\sb
0\sl-246\slmult0\fi1080\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper
e 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure now requires that upon the filing of the notice
of dismissal, the court issue \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 an order c
onfirming the dismissal. The new requirement is intended to qualify the right of
a party to dismiss \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the action before t
he adverse party files an answer or asks for summary judgment \line \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 Upon motion of plaintiff - after answer (Sec 2) \par\pard\qj
\li1080\ri626\sb32\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosu
s22 Except as provided in Sec 1, a complaint shall not be dismissed at plaintif
f\u8216?s instance save upon approval of the court \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
rscalex100 and upon such terms and conditions as the court deems proper \par\par
d\qj \li1080\ri1388\sb60\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul
3\f4\fs22 If a counterclaim has been pleaded by a defendant prior to the servic
e upon him of the plaintiff\u8216?s motion for \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
lex100 dismissal, the dismissal shall be limited to the complaint \par\pard\ql \
li1080\ri759\sb40\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul
3\f4\fs22 Dismissal shall be without prejudice to the right of the defendant to
prosecute his claim in a separate action unless \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\chars
calex100 within 15 days from notice of the motion he manifests his preference to
have his counterclaim resolved in the same \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 action \par\pard\ql \li720\ri2237\sb44\sl-260\slmult0\fi360\tx1080 \up0 \ex
\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Unless otherwise specified in the order, a d
ismissal under this paragraph shall be without prejudice \line\tab \up0 \expndtw
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A class suit shall not be dismissed or compromise
d without the approval of the court \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Due to
default of plaintiff (Sec 3) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb26\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expn
s22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If, for no justifiable cause, plaintiff fails
to appear on the date of the presentation of his evidence in chief on the \par\p
ard\ql \li1080\ri547\sb0\sl-265\slmult0\fi360\tx1440\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 complaint, or to prosecute his action for an unreasonable length of ti
me, or to comply with these Rules or any order \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
lex100 of the court, the complaint may be dismissed upon motion of the defendant
or upon the court\u8216?s own motion, without \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charsc
alex100 prejudice to the right of the defendant to prosecute his counterclaim in
the same or in a separate action. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosu
s22 This dismissal shall have the effect of an adjudication upon the merits, un
less otherwise declared by the court. \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\n
5\fs22 Cruz vs. CA\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (482 SCRA 379) \par\pard\ql \li1
800\ri846\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\no
Once a case is dismissed for failure to prosecute, this has the effect of an
adjudication on the merits and is \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 unders
tood to be with prejudice to the filing of another action unless otherwise provi
ded in the order of \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 dismissal. \par\par
d\qj \li1800\ri569\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\

22 A ruling based on a motion to dismiss, without any trial on the merits or f
ormal presentation of evidence, can \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 stil
l be a judgment on the merits. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-198\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 Effect on counterclaim \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb17\sl-253\slmu
ersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Pinga vs. Santiago\ul0\nosupersu
b\cf3\f4\fs22 (494 SCRA 393) \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri633\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx21
persub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The dismissal of the complaint
due to the fault of the plaintiff does not necessarily carry with it the dismis
sal \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of the counterclaim. In fact, the di
smissal of the complaint is without prejudice o the right of defendants to \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 prosecute the counterclaim. \par\pard\ql \li
1080\sb18\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs
22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Perkin Elme
r Singapore Pte Ltd. vs. Dakila Trading Corp.\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (530 S
CRA 170) \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri518\sb13\sl-246\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161 \up
\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The dismissal of a complaint due to fault o
f the plaintiff is without prejudice to the right of the defendant to \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 prosecute any pending counterclaims of whatever na
ture in the same or separate action. The SC confirms that \line \tab \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 BA Finance vs. Co and all previous rulings of the Court that
are inconsistent with this present holding are \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 now abandoned. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb1\sl-238\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 Remedy of plaintiff \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \e
6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Ko vs. PNB\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (479
SCRA 298) \par\pard\ql \li720\ri1062\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\fi1080\tx2161 \up0 \exp
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 An order by the RTC of dismissal for failure to p
rosecute has the effect of an adjudication based on the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 merits which must be appealed by means of a notice of appeal, no
t a petition for review on certiorari. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Dism
issal of counterclaims (Sec 4) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb18\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \ex
\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The provisions of this Rule shall apply to t
he dismissal of any counterclaim, cross-claim, or third-party complaint \par\par
d\qj \li1080\ri577\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0
\f4\fs22 A voluntary dismissal by the notice as in section 1 of this rule, shal
l be made before a responsive pleading or a motion \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 for summary judgment is served or, if there is none, before the intro
duction of evidence at the trial or hearing. \par\pard\ql \li6103\sb251\sl-276\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 Default \par\pa
f1\f2\fs24 Rule 9, Sec 3 \par\pard\ql \li720\sb243\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Nature in general (Sec 3, first par.
) \par\pard\li720\sb189\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
0 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 34\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf2\f3\fs24 66\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl
-240{\bkmkstart Pg35}{\bkmkend Pg35}\par\pard\ql \li8408\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par
\pard\ql\li8408\sb196\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf1\f2\fs24 Civil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-232
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When may a de
fendant be declared in default? \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb11\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw-2\charscalex100 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs2
2 Failure to file answer (Rule 9, Sec 3) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-237\slmul
t0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\

cf3\f4\fs22 Failure to furnish copy of answer \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb10\sl-253
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Failure to appear at pre-trial (Rule 18, Sec 5) \par\pard\ql
\li1440\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\
f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Failure to comply with modes of discovery
(Rule 29, Sec 3[d]) \par\pard\ql \li720\sb250\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 When allowed (Sec 3, first par.) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri1003\sb38\sl
-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If the defending
party fails to answer within the time allowed, court shall upon motion of the c
laiming party with \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 notice to the defendi
ng party, and proof of such failure, declare the defending party in default \par
\pard\qj \li1080\ri792\sb40\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\cf3\f4\fs22 Court shall proceed to render judgment granting claimant such reli
ef as his pleading may warrant, unless court in its \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\ch
arscalex100 discretion requires claimant to submit evidence \par\pard\ql \li1080
u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Such reception
of evidence may be delegated to the clerk of court \par\pard\ql \li720\sb247\sl253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Effect (Sec 3[a], [c]) \par\pard\qj \l
2 Effect of order of default: party in default entitled to notice of subsequent
proceedings but not to take part in the trial \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charsca
lex100 (Sec 3[a]) \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri672\sb60\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440\tx1440 \
\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Effect of partial default: when a ple
ading asserting a claim states a common cause of action against several defendin
g \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 parties, some of whom answer and the o
thers fail to do so, the court shall try the case against all upon the answers \
line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 thus filed and render judgment upon the
evidence presented (Sec 3[c]) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \exp
fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Gajudo vs. Traders Royal Bank\ul0\nosupersub\
\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Ther
e is no incompatibility between Rule 9, Sec 3 and Rule 133, Sec 1 that would pre
clude the application of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 either one of t
hem. Rule 9, Sec 3 governs the procedure which the trial court is directed to ta
ke when a \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 defendant fails to file an an
swer. According to the provision, the court \u8213?shall proceed to render judgm
ent \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 granting the claimant such relief a
s his pleading may warrant,\u8214? subject to the court\u8216?s discretion on wh
ether to \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 require the presentation of ev
idence ex parte. The same provision also sets down guidelines on the nature and
\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 extent of the relief that may be grante
d. In particular, the court\u8216?s judgment \u8213?shall not exceed the amount
or \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 be different in kind from that praye
d for nor award unliquidated damages.\u8214? \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb18\sl-253\sl
upersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Vlason Enterprises Corp. vs. C
A \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (310 SCRA 26) \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-237\slmu
\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The reception of evidence ex parte a
gainst a non-defaulting party is procedurally indefensible. Without a \par\pard\
ql \li2161\ri509\sb17\sl-245\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 declaration t
hat petitioner is in default as required in Rule 18, Sec 1, the trial court had
no authority to order \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the presentation of evidence

ex parte against petitioner to render judgment against it by default. The trial
\line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 judge must have thought that since it faile
d to appear despite summons and was in default, it effectively \line \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 waived any objection to the presentation of evidence against
it. This rule, however, would have applied only if \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
petitioner had submitted itself to the jurisdiction of the trial court. \par\pa
rd\ql \li720\sb249\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Order of default
\par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 When some
answer and others default (Sec 3[c]) \par\pard\ql \li1435\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \
\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When a pleading asserting a claim sta
tes a common cause of action against several defending parties, some of \par\par
d\qj \li1796\ri716\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 whom answer
and the others fail to do so, the court shall try the case against all upon the
answers thus filed and \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 render judgment upon the ev
idence presented \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-213\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 Extent of relief to be awarded (Sec 3[d]) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri1786\sb4
5\sl-240\slmult0\fi355 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22
\u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Not exceed th
e amount or be different in kind from that prayed for nor award unliquidated dam
ges \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Where not allowed (Rule 9, Sec 3[e]) \par\pard
\ql \li1435\ri657\sb56\sl-246\slmult0\tx1796\tx1796\tx1796 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If the defending party in an action for annulment or decl
aration of nullity of marriage or for legal separation fails \line\tab \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 to answer, the court shall order the prosecuting attorney t
o investigate whether or not a collusion between the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 parties exists, and if there is no collusion, to intervene for the
State in order to see to it that the evidence \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 submitted is not fabricated \par\pard\ql \li720\sb1\sl-238\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 Procedure after order of default (Sec 3, first par.) \p
ar\pard\ql \li1080\ri545\sb33\sl-250\slmult0\tx1440\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Court shall proceed to render judgment granting the claim
ant such relief as his pleading may warrant, unless the court \line\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-4\charscalex100 in its discretion requires the claimant to submit evidence
- such reception of evidence may be delegated to the clerk of \line \tab \up0 \
expndtw-4\charscalex100 court \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-239\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 Remedy from order of default \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb3\sl-237\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Motion to set aside (Sec 3[b]) \par\pard\l
i720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb136\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \e
xpndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 35\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2
\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\pa
perh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg36}{\bkmkend Pg36}\par\pard\ql \li8408\sb
0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8408\sb196\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Civil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\
\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Any t
ime after notice and before judgment, file motion under oath to set aside order
of default upon proper \par\pard\ql \li1435\ri559\sb0\sl-270\slmult0\fi360\tx179
6 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 showing that his failure to answer was due to FA
ME and that he has a meritorious defense. In such case, order of \line\tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 default may be set aside on such terms and conditions a
s the judge may impose in the interest of justice \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
persub\cf4\f5\fs22 Ramnani vs. CA\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (221 SCRA 582) \p
ar\pard\ql \li2156\sb1\sl-201\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Re
medies available to a defendant declared in default: \par\pard\ql \li2876\ri590\

sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx3236\tx3236 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 1.\ul0\nosupersub
\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Defendant in default may, at any tim
e after discovery thereof and before judgment, file a motion \line\tab \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 under oath, to set aside the order of default on the ground
that his failure to answer was due to \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
FAME, and that he has a meritorious defense (Rule 18, Sec 3); \par\pard\ql \li28
76\ri532\sb18\sl-240\slmult0\tx3236\tx3236 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 2.\ul0\
nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If the judgment has alread
y been rendered when the defendant discovered the default, but before \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the same has become final and executory, he may fi
le a motion for new trial under Rule 37, Sec \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 1(a); \par\pard\ql \li2876\ri840\sb20\sl-240\slmult0\tx3236 \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 3.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If
the defendant discovered the default after the judgment has become final and exe
cutory, he \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 may file a petition for relie
f under Rule 38, Sec 2; and \par\pard\ql \li2876\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 4.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
He may also appeal from the judgment rendered against him as contrary to the evi
dence or to \par\pard\qj \li3236\ri612\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charsc
alex100 the law, even if no petition to set aside the order of default has been
presented by him. (Rule 41, \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Sec 2) \par\pard
\ql \li720\ri4228\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\tx1080 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Remedi
es from judgment by default \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Before final
ity \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri3310\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
Motion for reconsideration or new trial (Rule 37) \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 Appeal (Rules 40 and 41) \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-238\slmult0 \up0 \ex
\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Martinez vs. Republic\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f1
3\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (506 SCRA 134) \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri951\
sb1\sl-240\slmult0\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12
\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A defaulted de
fendant has the right to appeal the adverse decision of the trial court even wit
hout \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 seeking to set aside the order of d
efault. \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \
4\fs22 The right of defaulted defendant to appeal remains extant. \par\pard\ql
\li1440\ri587\sb0\sl-246\slmult0\fi1080\tx2881\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
\cf3\f4\fs22 A defendant party declared in default retains the right to appeal
from the judgment by default on the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 gro
und that the plaintiff failed to prove the material allegations of the complaint
, or that the decision \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 is contrary to l
aw, even without need of prior filing of a motion to set aside the order of defa
ult. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 After finality \par\pard\ql \li720\ri3
402\sb2\sl-253\slmult0\fi1080\tx1800\tx1080 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Petiti
on for relief from judgment (Rule 38) \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 An
nulment of judgment (Rule 47) \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Is certiorari
a proper remedy? \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f
7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Jao vs.
CA\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (251 SCRA 391) \par\pard\qj \li2156\ri530\sb18\s
o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The proper remedy o
f a party wrongly declared in default is either to appeal from the judgment by d
efault \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 or to file a petition for relief
from judgment, and not certiorari. \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Indiana Aerospace University vs. CHED \u
l0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (356 SCRA 367) \par\pard\ql \li2156\sb7\sl-253\slmult0
5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Remedies of defendant declared in defau

lt: \par\pard\ql \li2876\ri928\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx3236 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Motion to se
t aside order of default under Rule 9, Sec 3(b) - if default was discovered befo
re \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 judgment could be rendered \par\pard\
ql \li2876\ri592\sb18\sl-240\slmult0\tx3236 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2.\ul0
\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Motion for new trial unde
r Rule 37, Sec 1(a) - if default was discovered after judgment but while \line\t
ab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 appeal still available \par\pard\ql \li2876\sb1
0\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 3.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Petition for relief under Rule 38 - if judgment has
become final and executory \par\pard\ql \li2876\ri570\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx3236
\f4\fs22 Appeal from the judgment under Rule 41, Sec 1 - even if no petition t
o set aside order of default \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 has been re
sorted to \par\pard\ql \li2156\sb3\sl-235\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
f4\fs22 Remedies of a defendant declared in default are available only to a de
fendant who has been validly \par\pard\qj \li2516\ri575\sb13\sl-250\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 declared in default since a defendant improvidently de
clared in default may retain and exercise such right \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 after the order of default and the subsequent judgment by default are annulle
d, and the case remanded to \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the court of origin \p
sub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If
, in the course of a trial, a judge proceeds without or in excess of jurisdictio
n, the rule prohibiting an \par\pard\qj \li2516\ri557\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw-4\charscalex100 appeal from an interlocutory order does not leave the agg
rieved party without any remedy - a special civil \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
action of certiorari is the plain, speedy and adequate remedy. \par\pard\ql \li2
156\ri1023\sb0\sl-246\slmult0\tx2516\tx2516\tx2516 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\f4\fs22 An order denying a motion to dismiss is interlocutory, and so the pro
per remedy in such a case is to \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 appeal a
fter a decision has been rendered. A writ of certiorari is not intended to corre
ct every \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 controversial interlocutory ru
ling, it is resorted to only to correct a grave abuse of discretion or a \line \
tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 whimsical exercise of judgment equivalent to l
ack of jurisdiction. \par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb51\sl-2
K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f
3\fs24 36\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66\par\pard
\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg37}{\bkmke
nd Pg37}\par\pard\ql \li8408\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8408\sb196\sl-276
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Civil Procedu
re | Justice de Leon \par\pard\ql \li6107\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 Rule 18 \par\pard\ql \li6021\sb8\sl-276\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Pre-Trial \par\pard\ql \li720\sb243\sl-253\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Nature (Sec 2)
\par\pard\ql \li1080\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosu
s22 Mandatory! \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
upersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Court shall consider: \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-237\slmul
t0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf3\f4\fs22 Possibility of an amicable settlement or of a submission to altern
ative modes of dispute resolution; \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\
fs22 Simplification of issues; \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw-4\charscalex100 c.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
Necessity or desirability of amendments to the pleadings; \par\pard\ql \li180

0\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 d.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Possibility of obtaining stipulations or admissio
ns of facts and of documents to avoid unnecessary proof; \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb
3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 e.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Limitation of number of witnesses; \par\pard\li720\s
b18\sl-253\slmult0\fi1080\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 f.\tab \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 Advisability of a preliminary reference of issues to a commi
ssioner;\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\fi1080 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
g.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Propriety of render
ing judgment on the pleadings, or summary judgment, or of dismissing the action
should a\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-245\slmult0\fi1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
valid ground therefor be found to exist;\par\pard\li720\sb1\sl-250\slmult0\fi108
0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 h.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f3\f4\fs22 Advisability or necessity of suspending proceedings;\par\pard\li720\
sb0\sl-245\slmult0\fi1080\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 i.\tab \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 Such other matters as may aid in the prompt disposition of t
he action\par\pard\li720\sb1\sl-249\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Wh
en (Sec 1)\par\pard\qj \li1080\ri566\sb32\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 After the last pleading has been served and filed, i
t shall be the plaintiff\u8216?s duty to promptly move ex parte that the case \l
ine\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 be set for pre-trial \par\pard\ql \li1080\
sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u
-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 LCK Industries I
nc. vs. Planters Development Bank\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (538 SCRA 634) \pa
r\pard\ql \li1800\ri741\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The conduct of pre-trial in civil actions has been manda
tory as early as 01 January 1964 upon the effectivity \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 of the Revised Rules of Court. Pre-trial is an answer to the clari
on call for the speedy disposition of cases. \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 Hailed as the most important procedural innovation in Anglo-Saxon justice
in the nineteenth century, pre-\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 trial is
a device intended to clarify and limit the basic issues between the parties. \p
ar\pard\ql \li1800\ri721\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 The purpose of entering into a stipulation of facts is to expe
dite trial and to relieve the parties and the court \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 as well as of the costs of proving facts which will not be disputed
on trial and the truth of which can be \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
ascertained by reasonable inquiry. \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri525\sb0\sl-250\slmult0
\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\
f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 While the p
arties, to obviate the element of surprise, are expected to disclose at the pretrial conference all \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 issues of law and f
act they intend to raise at the trial, in cases which the issue may involve priv
ileged or \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 impeaching matters, or if the
issues are impliedly included therein or may be inferable therefrom by necessar
y \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 implication to be integral parts of t
he pre-trial order as much as those that are expressly stipulated, the general \
line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 rule will not apply. \par\pard\ql \li720
\sb0\sl-198\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Requirements for Appearance (S
ec 4) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb37\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul
3\f4\fs22 Duty of the parties and their counsel to appear at pre-trial \par\par
d\ql \li1080\ri569\sb30\sl-250\slmult0\tx1440\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 Non-appearance of a party may be excused only if a valid cause
is shown therefor or if a representative shall appear in \line\tab \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 his behalf fully authorized in writing to enter into an amicabl

e settlement, to submit to alternative modes of dispute \line \tab \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 resolution, and to enter into stipulations or admissions of fac
ts and of documents. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb228\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 Procedure \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 Duty to set (Sec 1) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \e
6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Duty of the plaintiff to promptly move ex p
arte that the case be set for pre-trial \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri619\sb0\sl-260\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Effect of I.A.1.2, A.M. No. 03-1-09-SC (Rule
on Guidelines to be Observed by Trial Court Judges and Clerks of Court in \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 the Conduct of Pre-Trial and Use of Deposition-Discover
y Measures), which took effect on August 16, 2004 \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri695\sb1
9\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs2
2 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Within 5 day
s from date of filing of reply, plaintiff must promptly move ex parte that the c
ase be set for pre-trial \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 conference. \pa
b\cf3\f4\fs22 If plaintiff fails to file said motion within the given period, t
he branch clerk of court shall issue a notice of pre-\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\c
harscalex100 trial \par\pard\ql \li720\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 Notice (Sec 3) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Shall be served on counsel, or on the party who has
no counsel \par\pard\qj \li720\ri2231\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw-3
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Counsel served with such notice is charged with the
duty of notifying the party represented by him \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Pr
e-trial brief required (Sec 6) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri712\sb40\sl-240\slmult0\tx
1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosu
persub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 File with the court and serve o
n the adverse party, in such manner as shall ensure their receipt thereof at lea
st 3 days \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 before the date of pre-trial,
their respective pre-trial briefs which shall contain, among others: \par\pard\l
i720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb56\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \exp
ndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 37\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\
fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\pap
erh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg38}{\bkmkend Pg38}\par\pard\ql \li8408\sb0
\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8408\sb196\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Civil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\q
upersub\cf3\f4\fs22 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
Statement of their willingness to enter into amicable settlement or alternative
modes of dispute resolution, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 indicating
desired terms; \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-209\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Summary of adm
itted facts and proposed stipulation of facts; \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb15\sl-253\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 c.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf3\f4\fs22 Issues to be tried or resolved; \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-2
37\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 d.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Documents or exhibits to be presented, stating the purpose
thereof; \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri606\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 e.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Manifes
tation of their having availed or their intention to avail themselves of discove
ry procedures or referral \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 to commissione
rs; and \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-216\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 f. \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Number and names of witnesses and the
substance of their respective testimonies \par\pard\qj \li720\ri3138\sb45\sl-24
0\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-392

2?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Failure to file pretrial brief shall have the same effect as failure to appear at the pre-trial \up
0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Record or order of pre-trial (Sec 7) \par\pard\ql \li
22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Proceedings
in pre-trial shall be recorded \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri4564\sb22\sl-260\slmult0\
supersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Upon termination, court shall
issue an order which shall recite in detail: \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscal
b\cf3\f4\fs22
Matters taken up in the conference, \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl
osupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Action taken thereon, \par\
pard\ql \li1800\sb5\sl-236\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Amend
ments allowed to the pleadings, and \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up
\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Agreements or admissions made by the partie
s as to any of the matters considered \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \
\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Should the action proceed to any tria
l, the order shall explicitly define and limit the issues to be tried \par\pard\
qj \li1080\ri1207\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\
f4\fs22 Contents of the order shall control the subsequent course of the action
, unless modified before trial to prevent \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex10
0 manifest injustice \par\pard\ql \li720\sb250\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 Consequences \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3
\charscalex100 Order (Sec 7) \par\pard\ql \li720\sb250\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 Effect of failure to appear (Secs 5, 6(last par)) \par\pard\
qj \li1080\ri745\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\n
4\fs22 Failure of plaintiff to appear when so required pursuant to Sec 4 shall
be cause for dismissal of the action. Dismissal \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charsc
alex100 shall be with prejudice, unless otherwise ordered by the court. \par\par
d\qj \li1080\ri1050\sb24\sl-260\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul
3\f4\fs22 Failure on part of defendant shall be cause to allow the plaintiff to
present his evidence ex parte and the court to \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charsc
alex100 render judgment on the basis thereof \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri2819\sb4\sl280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\u
l0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Failure to file the pretrial brief shall have the same effect as failure to appear at the pre-trial \up
f5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Calalang vs. CA\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13
\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (217 SCRA 462) \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri678\sb0
\sl-240\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs
22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Pre-trial cannot
validly be held until the last pleading has been filed which last pleading may b
e the plaintiff\u8216?s \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 reply, except wh
ere the period to file the last pleading has lapsed. \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri858\
2\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Though it is
within the discretion of the trial court to declare a party non-suited for non-a
ppearance in the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 pre-trial conference, s
uch discretion must not be abused \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri1016\sb20\sl-240\slmult
ersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 To be a sufficient ground for d
ismissal, delay must not only be lengthy but also unnecessary and dilatory \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 resulting in the trifling of judicial process

\par\pard\ql \li1800\ri710\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161 \up0
s22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Test for dismissal of a case due to failure t
o prosecute (non prosequitur): whether, under the circumstances, \line\tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 plaintiff is chargeable with want of due diligence in f
ailing to proceed with reasonable promptitude. In the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2
\charscalex100 absence of a pattern or scheme to delay the disposition of the ca
se or a wanton failure to observe the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 m
andatory requirement of the rules on the part of the plaintiff, as in the case a
t bar, courts should decide to \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 dispense
with rather than wield their authority to dismiss. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb220\s
l-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 On plaintiff (see Rule 17, Sec 3) \p
ar\pard\ql \li1440\ri584\sb54\sl-245\slmult0\tx1800\tx1800\tx1800\tx1800 \up0 \e
6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If , for no justifiable cause, plaintiff fa
ils to appear on the date of the presentation of his evidence in chief on the \l
ine\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 complaint, or to prosecute his action for
an unreasonable length of time, or to comply with these Rules or any \line \tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 order of the court, the complaint may be dismissed
upon motion of the defendant or upon the court\u8216?s own \line \tab \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 motion, without prejudice to the right of the defendant to
prosecute his counterclaim in the same or in a separate \line \tab \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 action \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb29\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 This dismissal shall have the effect of an adjudica
tion upon the merits, unless otherwise declared by the court. \par\pard\li720\sb
0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slm
ult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\par
d\li720\sb9\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\
nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 38\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\
fs24 66\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkst
art Pg39}{\bkmkend Pg39}\par\pard\ql \li8408\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8
24 Civil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-232\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 On defendant, compare wit
h default (Rule 9, Sec 3)\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5770\cols
r160\colno2\colw6170\colsr160\ql \li3414\sb26\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Rule 18\par\pard\qj \li1800\ri0\sb11\sl-2
47\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Allows plai
ntiff to present evidence ex parte \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 and the c
ourt to render judgment on the basis \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 thereof
\par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb152\sl-253\slmult
sub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Citibank N.A. vs. Chua \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf3\f4\fs22 (220 SCRA 75)\par\pard\column \ql \li961\sb26\sl-253\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Rule 9, Sec 3 (default)\
par\pard\ql \li20\ri2272\sb12\sl-246\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Court shall proceed to render judgment \line \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 granting the claimant such relief as his \line \up0 \expndtw-3
\charscalex100 pleading may warrant, unless the court in its \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 discretion requires the claimant to submit \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 evidence. Such reception of evidence may be \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 de
legated to the clerk of court \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li2521\ri604\sb0
\sl-247\slmult0\tx2881\tx2881\tx2881\tx2881\tx2881\tx2881\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw-2
nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 We reiterate the previous admonitions of this Court aga
inst \u8213?precipitate orders of default as these \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
rscalex100 have the effect of denying the litigant the chance to be heard. While
there are instances, to be sure, \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 when
a party may be properly defaulted, these should be the exceptions rather than th
e rule and \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 should be allowed only in cl
ear cases of an obstinate refusal or inordinate neglect to comply with the \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 orders of the court. Absent such a showing,
the party must be given every reasonable opportunity to \line \tab \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 present his side and to refute the evidence of the adverse part
y in deference to due process of law. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\
22 No default order should be made where defendant has meritorious defense, si
mply for defect in \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 authority to represen
t party. Litigants should be allowed to settle their claims on the arena of the
\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 court based on a trial on the merits ra
ther than on mere technicalities. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-241\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw-2\charscalex100 No pre-trial brief (Rule 18, Sec 7) - Sec 6 yata dapat \
22 Failure to file pre-trial brief shall have the same effect as failure to app
ear at pre-trial \par\pard\ql \li6103\sb248\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 Rule 20 \par\pard\ql \li5570\sb1\sl-256\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Calendar of Cases \par\pard\ql \li720\sb247\s
l-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Calendar
(Sec 1) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri910\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
l0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Clerk of court, under the direct supervision of the j
udge, shall keep a calendar of cases for pre-trial, for trial, those \line\tab \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 whose trials were adjourned or postponed, and those
with motions to set for hearing \par\pard\ql \li720\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw-3\charscalex100 Preferences (Sec 1) \par\pard\qj \li720\ri2590\sb38\sl-24
2?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Given to habeas corp
us cases, election cases, special civil actions, and those so required by law \u
p0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Assignment of cases (Sec 2) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb3
22?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Done exclusively by
raffle \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri720\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Done in open session of which adequate notice shall be
given so as to afford interested parties the opportunity to be \line\tab \up0 \
expndtw-4\charscalex100 present \par\pard\ql \li6103\sb251\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 Rule 22 \par\pard\ql \li5378
\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Computation of Time \par\pard\
ql \li5652\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\
f2\fs24 (Sections 1 and 2) \par\pard\ql \li720\sb243\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 How to compute time (Sec 1) \par\p
f3\f4\fs22 The day of the act or event from which the designated period of time
begins to run is to be excluded and the date of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\chars
calex100 performance included \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri781\sb40\sl-240\slmult0\tx1
ersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If the last day of the period fa
lls on a Saturday, a Sunday or a legal holiday in the place where the court sits
, the time \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 shall not run until the next
working day \par\pard\ql \li720\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
0 Effect of interruption (Sec 2) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri656\sb5\sl-280\slmult0 \
\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Allowable period after such interrupt
ion shall start to run on the day after notice of the cessation of the cause the
reof \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosu

persub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The day of the act that caused
the interruption shall be excluded in the computation of the period \par\pard\ql
\li6103\ri5184\sb221\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf2\f3\fs24 Rule 30 \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Trial \par\pard\ql \l
s22 Notice of trial (Sec 1) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri947\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\tx144
sub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Upon entry of a case in the trial
calendar, the clerk shall notify the parties of the date of its trial in such ma
nner as \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 shall ensure his receipt of that
notice at least 5 days before such date (of trial) \par\pard\li720\sb92\sl-276\
slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K
Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\f
s24 39\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66
}
}}
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}
xpndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Adjournments and postponement
s (Sec 2) \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri857\sb33\sl-246\slmult0\tx1440\tx1440 \up0 \exp
fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Court may adjourn a trial from day to day, an
d to any stated time, as the expeditious and convenient transaction of \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 business may require, \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22
but\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 shall have \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 no\ul0\n
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 power to adjourn a trial for a \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs2
2 longer\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 period \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 than 1 m
onth for each \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs
22 adjournment, \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 nor\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 more\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\
fs22 than\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 3 months in al
l\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 , except when authorized in writing by the Court Ad
ministrator, SC. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Absence of evidence (Sec 3)
\par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1412\sb39\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
persub\cf3\f4\fs22 Motion to postpone trial on ground of absence of evidence ca
n be granted \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 only \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 upon a
ffidavit showing \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 materiality or relevanc
y of such evidence, \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 and \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
that due diligence has been used to procure it \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri759\sb24\s
l-260\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \
u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 But\ul0\nosuper
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 if adverse party admits the facts to be given in evidence, even
if he objects or reserves the right to object to \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\char
scalex100 their admissibility, \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 trial\ul0\nosupersub\
cf3\f4\fs22 shall \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 not \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 b
e\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 postponed \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-235\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Illness of party or co
unsel (Sec 4) \par\pard\ql \li1435\sb31\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale

ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Motion to postpone trial on ground of illness of party or cou
nsel may be granted \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 if\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 i
t appears upon affidavit or \par\pard\qj \li1796\ri541\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw-2\charscalex100 sworn certification that the presence of such party or c
ounsel at the trial is indispensable \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 and\ul0\nosuper
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 that the character of \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 his illness
is such as to render his non-attendance excusable. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb208\sl
-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Subpoena, Rule 21 \par\pard\ql \li108
0\ri606\sb47\sl-253\slmult0\tx1440\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
fs22 Subpoena\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 - process directed to a person requir
ing him to attend and to testify at the hearing or the trial of an action, \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 or at any investigation conducted by competen
t authority, or for the taking of his deposition \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
ersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Subpoena duces tecum\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 - process di
rected to a person requiring him to bring with him any books, documents, or \lin
e\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 other things under his control (Sec 1) \par\
pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 By whom issued
(Sec 2) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 a
.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Court before whom wi
tness is required to attend; \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 C
ourt of the place where the deposition is taken; \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri770\sb21
\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 c.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs
22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Officer or body authorized by law to do so in
connection with investigations conducted by said officer or body; \line\tab \up0
\expndtw-5\charscalex100 or \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 d.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A
ny Justice of the SC or of the CA in any case or investigation pending within th
e Phils. \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri546\sb24\sl-260\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
l0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When application for a subpoena to a prisoner is made
, the judge or officer shall examine and study carefully such \line\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-4\charscalex100 application to determine whether the same is made for a va
lid purpose \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb26\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 No prisoner sentenced to death, reclusion perpetua or life impr
isonment and who is confined in any penal \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri937\sb0\sl-240\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 institution shall be brought outside the s
aid penal institution for appearance or attendance in any court unless \up0 \exp
ndtw-3\charscalex100 authorized by the SC \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb8\sl-253\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Form and contents (Sec 3) \par\pard\qj \li1440\r
i4824\sb5\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs
22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Shall state
name of the court and title of action for investigation \up0 \expndtw-4\charsca
upersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Directed to the person whose attendance is required \par\pa
3\f4\fs22 In the case of subpoena duces tecum - a reasonable description of the
books, documents or things demanded \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 whi
ch must appear to the court prima facie relevant \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb3\sl-237
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Quashing a subpoena (Sec 4) \par\pard\ql
\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Quashing
a subpoena duces tecum: Upon motion promptly made and, in any event, at or befo
re the time \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri544\sb10\sl-250\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\chars
calex100 specified therein if it is unreasonable and oppressive, or the relevanc

y of the books, documents or things does not \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 appea
r, or if the person in whose behalf the subpoena is issued fails to advance the
reasonable cost of the \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 production thereof \p
Quashing a subpoena ad testificandum: on the ground that the witness is not bo
und thereby \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1014\sb22\sl-260\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In either case, subpoena may be quashed on the gr
ound that the witness fees and kilometrage allowed by the \line\tab \up0 \expndt
w-4\charscalex100 Rules were not tendered when the subpoena was served \par\pard
\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-235\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Subpoena for deposi
tions (Sec 5) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb31\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Proof of service of notice to take deposition, as provided in
sections 15 and 25 of Rule 23, shall constitute \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri804\sb1
8\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 sufficient authorization for issu
ance of subpoenas for persons named in said notice by the clerk of court of the
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 place in which the deposition is to be taken \par\
pard\qj \li1080\ri1733\sb40\sl-240\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \
cf3\f4\fs22 Clerk of court shall not issue a subpoena duces tecum to any such p
erson without order of the court \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Service (Sec 6) \
22 Made in the same manner as personal or substituted service of summons \par\p
ard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb
157\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1
\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf2\f3\fs24 40\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66
}
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}
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}
vil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri654\sb22\sl-255\slmult0\t
x1800\tx1800\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u
-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Original shall b
e exhibited and a copy thereof delivered to the person on whom it is served, ten
dering to him the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 fees for one day\u8216
?s attendance and the kilometrage allowed by these Rules, except that, when a su
bpoena is issued \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 by or on behalf of the
Republic or an officer or agency thereof, the tender need not be made \line \up
f5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Service must be made so as to allow wit
ness a reasonable time for preparation and travel to the place of \line \tab \up
0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 attendance \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri773\sb38\sl-240\slm
ult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\u
l0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If subpoena duces tecum,
reasonable cost of producing the books, documents or things demanded shall also
be \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 tendered \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb10\s
l-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Personal appearance in court (Sec 7)
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A person present in court before a judicial officer may be re
quired to testify as if he were in attendance upon a \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\c
harscalex100 subpoena issued by such court or officer \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb3\s
l-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Compelling attendance (Sec 8) \par\p
ard\ql \li1440\ri610\sb61\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In case of failure of a witness to attend - court or judge is
suing subpoena, upon proof of service and of failure of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 witness, may issue a warrant to the sheriff of the province, or
his deputy, to arrest the witness and bring him \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 before the court or officer where his attendance is required \par\pard\
qj \li1440\ri1124\sb40\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\
f4\fs22 The cost of such warrant and seizure of such witness shall be paid by t
he witness if the court issuing it shall \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
determine that his failure to answer subpoena was wilful and without just excus
e \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Contemp
t (Sec 9) \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri765\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\
ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Failure by any person without adequate cause to obey
a subpoena served upon him shall be deemed a contempt \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4
\charscalex100 of the court from which the subpoena is issued \par\pard\qj \li10
80\ri912\sb24\sl-260\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 I
f subpoena not issued by court, disobedience shall be punished in accordance wit
h the applicable law or Rule \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Exceptions (Sec 10) \
par\pard\ql \li1440\ri523\sb37\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\char
nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Secs 8 and 9 shall not apply to a witness who resides mo
re than 100km from his residence to the place where he is \line\tab \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 to testify by the ordinary course of travel, or to a detention
prisoner if no permission of the court in which his \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 case is pending was obtained \par\pard\ql \li720\sb250\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Conduct \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Order of trial (Sec 5) \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri10
00\sb61\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupers
Subject to the provisions of sec 2, Rule 31 (separate trials), and unless the c
ourt for special reasons otherwise \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 direc
ts, trial shall be limited to the issues stated in the pre-trial order and shall
proceed as follows: \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Plaintif
f shall adduce evidence in support of his complaint; \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri963\
2\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Defendant sha
ll adduce evidence in support of his defense, counterclaim, cross-claim and thir
d-party \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 complaint \par\pard\qj \li2161\r
1\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Third-par
ty defendant, if any, shall adduce evidence of his defense, counterclaim, crossclaim and fourth-\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 party complaint; \par\p
cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Fourth
-party, and so forth, if any, shall adduce evidence of the material facts pleade
d by them; \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri576\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Parties against whom any counterclaim or cross-claim has
been pleaded, shall adduce evidence in support \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charsc
alex100 of their defense in the order to be prescribed by the court; \par\pard\q
l \li2161\ri525\sb0\sl-246\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \
4\fs22 Parties may then respectively adduce rebutting evidence only, unless th
e court, for good reasons and in \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the fur
therance of justice, permits them to adduce evidence upon their original case; a
nd \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosup
ersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Upon admission of the evidence,
the case shall be deemed submitted for decision, unless the court directs \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the parties to argue or to submit their respe
ctive memoranda or any further pleadings \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri571\sb3\sl-260\s
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If several defendants
or third party defendants and so forth, having separate defenses appear by diffe
rent counsel, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the court shall determine
the relative order of presentation of their evidence \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl
-235\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Agreed statement of facts (Sec 6; Rul
e 18, Secs 2(d), 7) \par\pard\qj \li1435\ri1153\sb41\sl-240\slmult0\tx1796 \up0
\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Parties to any action may agree, in writi
ng, upon the facts involved in the litigation, and submit the case for \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 judgment on the facts agreed upon, without the in
troduction of evidence. \par\pard\qj \li1435\ri706\sb24\sl-260\slmult0\tx1796 \u

cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If the parties agree only on some of t
he facts in issue, the trial shall be held as to the disputed facts in such orde
r \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 as the court shall prescribe. \par\par
\f4\fs22 Court shall consider the possibility of obtaining stipulations or admi
ssions of facts and of documents to avoid \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex10
0 unnecessary proof (Rule 18, Sec 2(d)) \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri3738\sb40\sl-240\
slmult0\fi355 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Record of pre-trial (R
ule 18, Sec 7) \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Statement of judge (Sec 7) \p
ar\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb256\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\ta
b \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 41\ul0\nosupers
ub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paper
w12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg42}{\bkmkend Pg42}\par\pard\ql \
li8408\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8408\sb196\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Civil Procedure | Justice de Leon \
par\pard\qj \li1435\ri653\sb34\sl-240\slmult0\tx1796 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 During the hearing or trial of a case, any statement made by th
e judge with reference to the case, or to any of the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 parties, witnesses or counsel, shall be made of record in the steno
graphic notes \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 Suspension of actions (Sec 8) \par\pard\ql \li1435\ri3269\sb38\sl-240\slmul
rsub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Governed by the provisions of the
Civil Code \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Arts 2030 & 2035, Civil Code \pa
Art 2030. Every civil action or proceeding shall be suspended: \par\pard\ql \l
i2521\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\
fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If willingness to discuss a possible comprom
ise is expressed by one or both parties; or \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri705\sb21\sl-2
40\slmult0\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If it appears that one of the parties, before the c
ommencement of the action or proceeding, offered \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\chars
calex100 to discuss a possible compromise but the other party refused the offer.
\par\pard\qj \li1800\ri795\sb20\sl-240\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex
100 The duration and terms of the suspension of the civil action or proceeding a
nd similar matters shall be \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 governed by such provi
sions of the rules of court as the SC shall promulgate. Said rules of court shal
l likewise \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 provide for the appointment and duties
of amicable compounders. \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Art 2035. No compromise upon the following questio
ns shall be valid: \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\chars
calex100 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The civil
status of persons; \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\chars
calex100 2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The validi
ty of a marriage or a legal separation; \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb3\sl-237\slmult0
\f4\fs22 Any ground for legal separation; \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb10\sl-253\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 4.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf3\f4\fs22 Future support; \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \ex
The jurisdiction of courts; \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \ex
Future legitime. \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri4097\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\tx1435 \up0 \

expndtw-2\charscalex100 Duty of judge to receive evidence and power to delegate
to clerk of court (Sec 9) \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
Judge shall personally receive the evidence to be adduced by the parties \par\pa
3\f4\fs22 In default or ex parte hearings, and in any case where the parties ag
ree in writing, the court may delegate the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex1
00 reception of evidence to its clerk of court who is a member of the bar \par\p
ard\ql \li1435\sb29\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 T
he clerk of court shall have no power to rule on objections to any question or t
o the admission of exhibits, \par\pard\qj \li1796\ri695\sb18\sl-240\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 which objections shall be resolved by the court upon s
ubmission of his report and the transcripts within 10 days \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 from termination of the hearing \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb3\sl-237\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Trial by commissioner, Rule 32, Secs 1 to 3 only
\par\pard\qj \li1805\ri863\sb24\sl-260\slmult0\tx2165 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
rsub\cf3\f4\fs22 By written consent of both parties, the court may order any or
all of the issues in a case to be referred to a \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 commissioner to be agreed upon by the parties or to be appointed by the
court. \par\pard\ql \li1805\sb26\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \
cf3\f4\fs22 Commissioner - includes a referee, an auditor and an examiner \par\
cf3\f4\fs22 When parties do not consent, court may, upon application of either
or of its own motion, direct a reference \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
to a commissioner in the following cases: \par\pard\ql \li2525\ri546\sb0\sl-250
\slmult0\tx2885\tx2885 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs
22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When trial of an
issue of fact requires the examination of a long account on either side, in whic
h case \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the commissioner may be directed
to hear and report upon the whole issue or any specific question \line \tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 involved therein; \par\pard\ql \li2525\ri672\sb0\sl-26
0\slmult0\tx2885 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\u
l0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When the taking of an a
ccount is necessary for the information of the court before judgment, or for \li
ne\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 carrying a judgment or order into effect; \
par\pard\ql \li2525\ri983\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx2885 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
3\f4\fs22 When a question of fact, other than upon the pleadings, arises upon
motion or otherwise, in any \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 stage of a c
ase, or for carrying a judgment or order into effect \par\pard\ql \li1805\sb21\s
l-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When a reference is ma
de, clerk shall furnish the commissioner with a copy of the order of reference \
22 The order may specify or limit the powers of the commissioner, and may direc
t him to report only upon \par\pard\qj \li2165\ri728\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 particular issues, or to do or perform particular acts, or
to receive and report evidence only, and may fix the \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex
100 date for beginning and closing the hearings and for the filing of his report
\par\pard\ql \li1805\ri1088\sb30\sl-250\slmult0\tx2165\tx2165 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
l0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Subject to the specifications and limitations stated
in the order, commissioner has and shall exercise the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 power to regulate the proceedings in every hearing before him and
to do all acts and take all measures \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 ne
cessary or proper for the efficient performance of his duties under the order \p
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 Commissioner may issue subpoenas and subpoenas duces tecum, swe
ar witnesses, and unless otherwise \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 provi
ded in the order of reference, may rule upon the admissibility of evidence \par\
pard\ql \li1805\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
Trial or hearing before him shall proceed in all respects as it would if held be
fore the court \par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmu
lt0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard
\li720\sb165\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosup
ersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0
\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 42\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3
\fs24 66
}
ndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Consolidation of trial, Rule 31
, Sec 1, Compare with Rule 2, Sec 5 & Rule 3, Sec 6\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\
cols3\colno1\colw4473\colsr160\colno2\colw3044\colsr160\colno3\colw4273\colsr160
\ql \li1536\sb151\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f4\f5\fs22 Rule 31, Sec 1 - Consolidation\par\pard\ql \li1440\ri34\sb131\sl-247\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Actions involv
ing a common \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 question of law or fact, court
may \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 order joint hearing or trial of any \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 or all the matters in issue; order all \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 actions consolidated; and make \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 such order
s concerning\par\pard\qj \li1440\ri0\sb0\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 proceedings therein as may tend to \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 avoid unn
ecessary costs or delay\par\pard\column \ql \li347\sb26\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Rule 2, Sec 5 - Joinder of\par\
pard\ql \li765\sb0\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 causes of action
\par\pard\ql \li21\ri208\sb13\sl-247\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A party may in one pleading \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
assert, in the alternative or \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 otherwise, as
many causes of \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 action as he may have against an \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 opposing party, subject to\par\pard\ql \li21\sb2\sl
-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 conditions\par\pard\column \ql \li298
\sb26\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 R
ule 3, Sec 6 - Permissive\par\pard\ql \li721\sb0\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 joinder of parties\par\pard\ql \li20\ri1263\sb13\sl-247\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 All persons in whom or a
gainst \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 whom any right to relief in respect \up0 \e
xpndtw-3\charscalex100 to or arising out of the same\par\pard\ql \li20\sb2\sl-24
9\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 transaction or series of\par\pard\ql \li
20\ri1226\sb0\sl-247\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 transactions is alleg

ed to exist, may \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 join as plaintiffs or be joined a
s \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 defendants in one complaint,\par\pard\ql \li20\r
i1223\sb0\sl-248\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 where any question of law
or fact \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 common to all such plaintiffs or to
\line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 all such defendants may arise in \line \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 the action \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li720\sb2
50\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Severance of trial, Rule 31, Sec
2 \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri1167\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Court, in furtherance of convenience or to avoid pr
ejudice, may order a separate trial of any claim, cross-claim, \line\tab \up0 \e
xpndtw-2\charscalex100 counterclaim, or third-party complaint, or of any separat
e issue or of any number of claims, cross-claims, \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 counterclaims, third-party complaints or issues \par\pard\qj \li720\r
i992\sb227\sl-280\slmult0\tx1080 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Lack of cause of
action may be cured by evidence presented during the trial and amendments to con
form to the evidence \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6
\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Swagm
an Hotels & Travel, Inc. vs. CA\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (455 SCRA 175) \par\
pard\ql \li1800\ri558\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
\cf3\f4\fs22 The curing effect under Section 5 of Rule 10 of the 1997 Rules of
Civil Procedure is applicable only if a cause \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
lex100 of action exists at the time the complaint is filed, but the complaint is
defective for failure to allege the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 es
sential facts. \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri566\sb0\sl-245\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161\tx216
1\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs
22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 For example, if a
complaint failed to allege the fulfillment of a condition precedent upon which
the cause of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 action depends, evidence sh
owing that such condition has already been fulfilled when the complaint was file
d \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 may be presented during the trial, an
d the complaint may accordingly be amended thereafter. Thus in Roces \line \tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 vs. Jalandoni, the SC upheld the trial court in ta
king cognizance of an otherwise defective complaint which \line \tab \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 was later cured by the testimony of the plaintiff during the
trial. In that case, there was in fact a cause of \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
rscalex100 action and the only problem was the insufficiency of the allegations
in the complaint. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\
fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A complaint who
se cause of action has not yet accrued cannot be cured or remedied by an amended
or \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 supplemental pleading alleging the
existence or accrual of a cause of action while the case is pending. \par\pard\q
\f3\fs24 Rule 33 \par\pard\ql \li5349\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 Demurrer to Evidence \par\pard\qj \li720\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\
li720\ri575\sb58\sl-240\slmult0\tx1080 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupe
2 After the plaintiff has completed presentation of his evidence, defendant may
move for dismissal on the ground that upon \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex
100 the facts and the law, the plaintiff has shown no right to relief \par\pard\
ql \li720\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\
f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If his
motion is denied, he shall have the right to present evidence \par\pard\qj \li7
20\ri839\sb22\sl-260\slmult0\tx1080 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
If the motion is granted but on appeal the order of dismissal is reversed, he sh
all be deemed to have waived the right to \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex10
0 present evidence. \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1080\

-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Republic vs. Tuv
era\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (516 SCRA 113) \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-237\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosuper
sub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The general rule is that upon the
dismissal of the demurrer in the appellate court, the defendant loses the \par\
pard\qj \li2161\ri689\sb21\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 right to
present his evidence and the appellate court shall then proceed to render judgm
ent on the merits on \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the basis of plaintiff\u8216?
s evidence. \par\pard\ql \li720\ri3415\sb0\sl-270\slmult0\tx1080\tx1800 \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 Distinguished from motion to dismiss for failure to state
a cause of action (Rule 16, Sec 1(g)) \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u
f4\f5\fs22 The Manila Banking Corp. vs. University of Baguio, Inc.\ul0\nosupers
ub\cf3\f4\fs22 (516 SCRA 371) \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw5150\colsr1
60\colno2\colw3087\colsr160\colno3\colw3553\colsr160\ql \li3015\sb0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \par\pard\ql \li3015\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li3015\sb105\sl-253\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 When moved\par\pa
rd\column \ql \li35\sb107\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Demurrer
to Evidence (Rule 33)\par\pard\qj \li20\ri552\sb130\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 After plaintiff has completed \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 presentation of evidence\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb1\
sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Motion
to Dismiss (Rule 16, Sec\par\pard\ql \li1288\sb5\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 1(g))\par\pard\qj \li20\ri611\sb6\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Within the time for but before \line \u
p0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 filing the answer to the complaint \par\pard\sect\se
ctd\sbknone \li720\sb175\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
0 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
}
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pndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 or pleading asserting a claim
\par\pard\ql \li1800\ri516\sb12\sl-248\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161\tx216
f5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In this case, the university\u8216?s m
otion to dismiss the amended complaint was improper under Rule 16 because it \li
ne\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 was filed after the respondent university f
iled its responsive pleading, its answer. Also the motion\u8216?s merit \line \t
ab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 could not be determined based solely on the all
egations of the initiatory pleading, the amended complaint, \line \tab \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 since the motion was based on the deed of \ul0\nosupersub\c
f12\f13\fs22 dacion en pago\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 , which was not even alle
ged in the complaint. And \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 since the dee
d of \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 dacion en pago\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 ha
d been expunged from the record, the trial court erred in its finding of \line \
tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 payment and lack of cause of action based on t
he deed. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb228\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
Distinguished from demurrer in criminal case (Rule 119, Sec 23)\par\pard\sect\se
ctd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw4473\colsr160\colno2\colw3404\colsr160\colno3\colw3
913\colsr160\ql \li2314\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2314\sb0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \par\pard\ql \li2314\sb147\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 When moved\par\pard\ql \li2487\sb127\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 By whom\par\pard\ql \li2525\sb126\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw-3\charscalex100 Grounds\par\pard\ql \li2213\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard
\ql \li2213\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2213\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard
\ql \li2213\sb116\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Effect of denial\
par\pard\column \ql \li208\sb24\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Dem
urrer to Evidence in a Civil\par\pard\ql \li1010\sb0\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 Case (Rule 33)\par\pard\ql \li21\sb8\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 After plaintiff has completed\pa
r\pard\ql \li21\sb1\sl-243\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 presentation of
his evidence\par\pard\ql \li21\sb9\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
Defendant\par\pard\qj \li21\ri256\sb14\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 Upon the facts and the law, plaintiff \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 has sho
wn no right to relief\par\pard\qj \li21\ri44\sb16\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3
\charscalex100 Defendant still has the right to present \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 evidence\par\pard\ql \li4633\sb0\sl-246\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li21\ri160\s
b8\sl-246\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Note: if motion is granted but o
n \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 appeal, order of dismissal is reversed, \up0 \ex

pndtw-3\charscalex100 defendant is deemed to have waived \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 the right to present evidence\par\pard\column \ql \li39\sb24\sl-253\slmul
t0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Demurrer to evidenc
e in a Criminal\par\pard\ql \li976\sb0\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 Case (Rule 119)\par\pard\ql \li20\ri645\sb29\sl-379\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 After prosecution rests its case \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 Defendant or the court motu proprio \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 Insufficiency of evidence\par\pard\ql \li20\ri631\sb115\sl-247\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 If w/ leave of court: accused may still \line \u
p0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 adduce evidence in his defense \line \up0 \expndtw-3
\charscalex100 If w/o leave of court: accused waives \line \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 the right to present evidence and \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 s
ubmits the case for judgment on the \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 basis of
the evidence for the \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 prosecution \par\pard\
sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li5973\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
0 \ul0\nosupersub\cf14\f15\fs24 \u-4007?\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 Rule 34 \pa
r\pard\ql \li5099\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Judgment on t
he Pleadings \par\pard\qj \li720\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li720\ri756\sb3
4\sl-240\slmult0\tx1080 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs2
2 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Where an ans
wer fails to tender an issue, or otherwise admits the material allegations of th
e adverse party\u8216?s pleading, the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 co
urt may, on motion of that party, direct judgment on such pleading \par\pard\qj
\li720\ri576\sb24\sl-260\slmult0\tx1080 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosup
22 However, in actions for declaration of nullity or annulment of marriage or f
or legal separation, the material facts alleged in \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\cha
rscalex100 the complaint shall always be proved \par\pard\ql \li720\sb26\sl-253\
osupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Meneses vs. Secretary of Agr
arian Reform\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (505 SCRA 90) \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri62
12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A judgment o
n the pleadings may be sought only by a claimant, who is the party seeking to re
cover upon a claim, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 counterclaim or cros
s-claim; or to obtain a declaratory relief \par\pard\ql \li720\sb8\sl-253\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Distinguished from summary judgment \par\pard\ql
\li1080\ri3723\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\no
\fs22 Diman vs. Alumbres\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (299 SCRA 459) \line\tab \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\par\pard\sect\sectd
\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6778\colsr160\colno2\colw5162\colsr160\ql \li3174\sb16
\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Judgme
nt on the Pleadings\par\pard\ql \li2161\sb6\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A judgment on the facts as pleaded\par\pard
\qj \li2161\sb0\sl-247\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri88\sb9\sl-247\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 There is no ostensible issue at all, but the absence o
f \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 any because of the failure of the defending part
y\u8216?s \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 answer to raise an issue\par\pard\ql \li
2161\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li
2161\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb238\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 May be sought only by the claimant\par\pard\column \ql \li1379\s
b16\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Sum
mary Judgment\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1126\sb10\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Judgment on the facts as summarily proven b
y \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 affidavits, depositions or admissions\par\pard\q
l \li20\ri628\sb6\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Issues apparently
exist - facts are asserted in the \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 complaint
regarding which there is as yet no \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 admissio
n, disavowal or qualification; or specific \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 d

enials or affirmative defenses are in truth set out in \line \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
rscalex100 the answer - but the issues thus arising from the \line \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 pleadings are sham, fictitious, not genuine, as shown \line \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 by admissions, depositions or affidavits \line \up0 \
expndtw-3\charscalex100 May be applied for by either a claimant or a \line \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 defending party \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li720\sb0
\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmu
lt0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard
\li720\sb48\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\
nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 44\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\
fs24 66
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g45}{\bkmkend Pg45}\par\pard\li5973\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li5973\sb202\sl276\slmult0\fi2434 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Civ
il Procedure | Justice de Leon\par\pard\li5973\sb3\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf14\f15\fs24 \u-4007?\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3
\fs24 Rule 35\par\pard\ql \li5412\sb1\sl-250\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 Summary Judgments \par\pard\ql \li5728\sb9\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 (Sections 1 to 6) \par\pard\ql \li720\sb
243\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 For
claimant (Sec 1) \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri584\sb30\sl-250\slmult0\tx1440\tx1440 \
\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Party seeking to recover upon a claim
, counterclaim, or cross-claim or to obtain a declaratory relief may, at any tim
e \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 after the pleading in answer thereto h
as been served, move with supporting affidavits, depositions or admissions for a
\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 summary judgment in his favour as to a
ll or any part thereof \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-239\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 For defending party (Sec 2) \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri598\sb32\sl-250\s
lmult0\tx1440\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \
u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Party against w
hom a claim, counterclaim, or cross-claim is asserted or a declaratory relief is
sought may, at any time, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 move with supp
orting affidavits, depositions or admissions for a summary judgment in his favou
r as to all or any part \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 thereof \par\pa
rd\ql \li720\sb0\sl-239\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Motion and proceed

ings (Sec 3) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri589\sb41\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Motion shall be served at least 10 days before ti
me specified for hearing. Adverse party may serve opposing affidavits, \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 depositions, or admissions at least 3 days before
hearing. \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\f4\fs22 After hearing, judgment sought shall be rendered forthwith if the ple
adings, supporting affidavits, \par\pard\ql \li720\ri599\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\fi14
40\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 depositions, and admissions on file, sho
w that, except as to the amount of damages, there is no genuine issue \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 as to any material fact and that moving party is e
ntitled to a judgment as a matter of law \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Ca
se not fully adjudicated on motion (Sec 4) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb18\sl-253\slmu
ersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If judgment not rendered upon wh
ole case or for all reliefs sought and a trial is necessary, court at the hearin
g of \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri580\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx1800\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 motion, by examining pleadings and evidence before it and
by interrogating counsel shall ascertain what material facts \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
rscalex100 exist without substantial controversy and what are actually and in go
od faith controverted \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Court s
hall thereupon may make an order specifying the facts that appear without substa
ntial controversy, \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 including the extent
to which the amount of damages or other relief is not in controversy, and direc
ting such \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 further proceedings in the ac
tion as are just \par\pard\qj \li720\ri629\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\fi1080 \up0 \expnd
ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Facts so specified shall be deemed established, and
trial shall be conducted on controverted facts accordingly \up0 \expndtw-4\char
scalex100 Form of affidavits and supporting papers (Sec 5) \par\pard\ql \li1080\
-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Made on personal
knowledge \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
b\cf3\f4\fs22 Set forth such facts as would be admissible in evidence \par\pard
6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Show
affirmatively that affiant is competent to testify to the matters stated \par\p
ard\qj \li1080\ri1186\sb22\sl-260\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \
cf3\f4\fs22 Certified true copies of all papers or parts thereof referred to in
the affidavit shall be attached thereto or served \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\cha
rscalex100 therewith \par\pard\ql \li720\sb1\sl-235\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 Affidavits in bad faith (Sec 6) \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri550\sb33\sl-250
\slmult0\tx1440\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22
\u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If presented
in bad faith, or solely for purpose of delay - court shall forthwith order offen
ding party or counsel to pay \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 to other pa
rty amount of reasonable expenses which the filing of the affidavits caused him
to incur, including \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 attorney\u8216?s fe
es. It may, after hearing, further adjudge the offending party or counsel guilty
of contempt \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1080\sb15\sl
ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Ontimare vs. Elep\ul0\n
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (479 SCRA 257) \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \u
6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 For a summary judgment to be proper, two r
equisites must concur: \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\

charscalex100 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 There
must be no genuine issue on any material fact, except for the amount of damages
; and \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2.\u
l0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The moving party must b
e entitled to a judgment as a matter of law \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb10\sl-253\slm
b\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When on their face, the pleadings t
ender a genuine issue, summary judgment is not proper. An issue is \par\pard\qj
\li2161\ri696\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 genuine if it req
uires the presentation of evidence as distinguished from a sham, fictitious, con
trived or false \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 claim. \par\pard\ql \li720\s
b8\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Motion required \par\pard\ql \li
22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Asian Const
ruction and Development Corp. vs. PCIB\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (488 SCRA 192
) \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri549\sb0\sl-248\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161\tx21
cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Summary or accelerated judgment - pro
cedural technique aimed at weeding out sham claims or defenses at \line\tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 an early stage of litigation thereby avoiding the expe
nse and loss of time involved in a trial. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u
\fs22 Summary judgment is appropriate when there are no genuine issues of fact
which call for the presentation of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 evid
ence in a full-blown trial. Even if on their face the pleadings show that such i
ssues are not genuine, then \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 summary jud
gment must ensue as a matter of law. The determinative factor, therefore, in a m
otion for \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 summary judgment is the prese
nce or absence of a genuine issue as to any material fact. \line \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 \u8213?genuine issue\u8214? - an issue of fact which r
equires the presentation of evidence as distinguished from a sham, \line\tab \up
0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 fictitious, contrived or false claim \par\pard\li720\
sb62\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf2\f3\fs24 45\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66
}
}}
}
}}
}
vil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\ql \li6103\sb244\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 Rule 36 \par\pard\ql \li4686
\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Judgments, Final Orders and En
try \par\pard\ql \li5728\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 (Sections 1 to 8) \par\pard\ql \li720\sb243\sl-253\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Form (Rule 36, Sec 1)
\par\pard\ql \li1080\ri660\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Judgment or final order determining the merits of the
case shall be \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 in\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 \ul0\no
supersub\cf4\f5\fs22 writing\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\
fs22 personally\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 and \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 dire
ctly\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 prepared\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf3\f4\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 by \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\chars
calex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 the \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 judge\ul0\n
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 , stating clearly and distinctly the \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f
5\fs22 facts\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 and the \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 law
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 on which it is \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 based\ul
0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 , \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 signed\ul0\nosupersub\cf3
\f4\fs22 by him, and filed with the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 cl
erk of the court. \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri3800\sb20\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \e
xpndtw-3\charscalex100 Concept of final judgment and final order \line\tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 See also Rule 41, Sec 1 \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb30\sl-25
\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 BA Finance Corp. vs. CA\ul
0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (229 SCRA 566) \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri3009\sb0\sl-260\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Only a final order or judgment o
n the merits may be the subject of an appeal \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\
22 Final order and interlocutory order distinguished\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkno
ne\cols2\colno1\colw6894\colsr160\colno2\colw5046\colsr160\ql \li4163\sb1\sl-240
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Final order\p
ar\pard\ql \li2521\ri494\sb32\sl-248\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Disposes of the whole subject matter or \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 terminates a particular proceeding or action, \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 leaving nothing to be done but to enforce by \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 execution what has been determined\par\pard\column \ql \li1297\sb1\sl-240\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Interlocutory or
der\par\pard\qj \li20\ri809\sb156\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Does not dispose of a case completely but leaves \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 something more to be done upon its merits \par\pard\se
ct\sectd\sbknone \ql \li720\sb243\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 K
inds (as to finality) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 Rendition of judgment (Rule 36, Sec 1) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri5287\s
b24\sl-260\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs

22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Judgment or
final order determining the merits of the case \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 En
try of judgment (Rule 36, Sec 2) \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri996\sb37\sl-240\slmult0\
supersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If no appeal or MNT or MR is
filed within the time provided, judgment or final order shall be entered by the
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 clerk in the book of entries of judgment
s \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\no
\fs22 The date of finality of the judgment or final order shall be deemed to be
the date of its entry \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri896\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800 \up
f5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Record shall contain the dispositive pa
rt of the judgment or final order and shall be signed by the clerk, with a \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 certificate that such judgment or final order
has become final and executory \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw-3\charscalex100 Entry of satisfaction of judgment (Rule 39, Secs 44 and 4
5) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\n
4\fs22 Satisfaction of judgment shall be entered by the clerk of court in the c
ourt docket, and in the execution book, \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-237\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 upon the return of a writ of execution showing the
full satisfaction of the judgment, or upon the filing of an \par\pard\qj \li180
0\ri574\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 admission to the satisf
action of the judgment executed and acknowledged in the same manner as a conveya
nce of \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 real property by the judgment oblige or by
his counsel unless a revocation of his authority is filed, or upon the \line \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 endorsement of such admission by the judgment oblige
or his counsel on the face of the record of the judgment \line \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 (Rule 39, Sec 44) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb17\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \ex
\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Whenever a judgment is satisfied in fact or
otherwise than upon an execution, on demand of the judgment \par\pard\ql \li1800
\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 obligor, the judgment oblige o
r his counsel must execute and acknowledge , or indorse, an admission of the \pa
r\pard\ql \li1800\ri542\sb0\sl-250\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 satisfa
ction as provided in the last preceding section, and after notice and upon motio
n the court may order either \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the judgment ob
lige or his counsel to do so, or may order the entry of satisfaction to be made
without such \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 admission \par\pard\ql \li720\s
b241\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Kinds (as to process of procur
ing) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Judgm
ent on the pleadings, Rule 34 \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri3712\sb21\sl-240\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Judgment on demurrer to evidence, Rule 33 \line \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 Summary judgments, Rule 35 \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb3\sl
-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Default judgments, Rule 9, Sec 3 \par
\pard\qj \li1080\ri5433\sb21\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Judgme
nts after ex parte presentation of evidence, Rule 18, Sec 5 \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 Orders for dismissal \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw-3\charscalex100 Motion to dismiss, Rule 16 \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb10\sl-253
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Dismissals under Rule 17 \par\pard\ql \li
1440\ri4048\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Dismissals under Ru
le 18, Sec 5 \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Dismissals under Rule 29, Sec 5
\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb74\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx100
rsub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
ndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Kinds (as to parties) \par\pard
\ql \li1080\sb11\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 As against one or
more several parties, Rule 36, Sec 3 \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri688\sb38\sl-240\slmu
0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Judgment may be given for
or against one or more of several plaintiffs, and for or against one or more of
several \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 defendants. \par\pard\qj \li144
\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 W
hen justice so demands, the court may require the parties on each side to file a
dversary pleadings as between \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 themselves
and determine their ultimate rights and obligations \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb10\s
l-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Several judgment, Rule 36, Sec 4 \pa
b\cf3\f4\fs22 In an action against several defendants, the court may, when a se
veral judgment is proper, may render judgment \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 against one or more of them, leaving the action to proceed against the oth
ers \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri4881\sb40\sl-240\slmult0\fi355 \up0 \expndtw-2\charsc
supersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Difference from Sec 3: in this section, there\u8216?s only
one plaintiff \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Against entity without juridical pe
rsonality, Rule 36, Sec 6 \par\pard\qj \li1435\ri1151\sb60\sl-240\slmult0\tx1796

ub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When judgment is rendered against t
wo or more persons sued as an entity without juridical personality, the \line\ta
b \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 judgment shall set out their individual or prope
r names, if known \par\pard\ql \li720\sb250\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 Kinds (as to claims) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 Entire \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 At various stages or separate judgments, Rule 36, Sec 5 \par\pa
rd\ql \li1435\ri526\sb33\sl-250\slmult0\tx1796\tx1796 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
rsub\cf3\f4\fs22 When more than one claim for relief is presented in an action,
the court, at any stage, upon a determination of the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 issues material to a particular claim and all counterclaims arisin
g out of the transaction or occurrence which is the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\c
harscalex100 subject matter of the claim, may render a separate judgment disposi
ng of such claim. \par\pard\qj \li1435\ri767\sb39\sl-240\slmult0\tx1796 \up0 \ex
\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The judgment shall terminate the action with
respect to the claim so disposed of and the action shall proceed as \line\tab \
up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 to the remaining claims. \par\pard\ql \li1435\sb50\
sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922
?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In case a separate ju
dgment is rendered, the court by order may stay its enforcement until the rendit
ion of a \par\pard\qj \li1796\ri697\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 subsequent judgment or judgments and may prescribe such conditions as may b
e necessary to secure the benefit \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 thereof to the p
arty in whose favour the judgment is rendered \par\pard\ql \li1796\sb8\sl-253\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 See also Rule 41, Sec 1(f) \par\pard\ql \li2
156\ri530\sb33\sl-246\slmult0\tx2516\tx2516\tx2516 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
b\cf3\f4\fs22 No appeal may be taken from a judgment or final order for or agai
nst one or more of several parties or in \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
separate claims, counterclaims, cross-claims and third-party complaints while t
he main case is pending, \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 unless the cou
rt allows an appeal therefrom. In this case, the aggrieved party may file an app
ropriate \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 special civil action as provid
ed in Rule 65 \par\pard\ql \li720\sb229\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 Kinds (as to how executed) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 Judgments not stayed on appeal, Rule 39, Sec 4 \par\pard\q
l \li1440\ri636\sb26\sl-255\slmult0\tx1800\tx1800\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
upersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Judgments in actions for injunction\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\f
s22 , receivership, accounting and support\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 , and such
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 other\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 judgments as are
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 now or may hereafter be declared to be i
mmediately executory, shall be enforceable \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 after the
ir rendition and \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 shall not be stayed by
an appeal \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 taken therefrom, \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\f
s22 unless otherwise ordered\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 by the trial court. \li
ne \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 On appeal therefrom, the appellat
e court in its discretion may make an order suspending, modifying, restoring or
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 granting the injunction, receivership, a
ccounting, or award of support. \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1038\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\
supersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The stay of execution shall b
e upon such terms as to bond or otherwise as may be considered proper for the \l
ine\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 security or protection of the rights of th
e adverse party \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1272\sb40\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \exp
fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Example of judgment which is immediately exec

utory: ejectment cases where the RTC affirms the MTC\u8216?s \line\tab \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 judgment against the defendant (Rule 70, Sec 21) \par\pard\
ql \li1440\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Judgments for money
, Rule 39, Sec 9 \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri534\sb0\sl-248\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161\tx2
161\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Immediate payment on demand. - The officer shall en
force an execution of a judgment for money by \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
lex100 demanding from the judgment obligor the immediate payment of the full amo
unt stated in the writ of \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 execution and
all lawful fees. The judgment obligor shall pay in cash, certified bank check p
ayable to the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 judgment obligee or his a
uthorized representative if present at the time of payment. The lawful fees shal
l be \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 handed under proper receipt to the
executing sheriff who shall turn over the said amount within the same day \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 to the clerk of court of the court that issu
ed the writ. \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb20\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
rsub\cf3\f4\fs22 If the judgment obligee or his authorized representative is no
t present to receive payment, the judgment \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri583\sb2\sl-260
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 obligor shall deliver the aforesaid payme
nt to the executing sheriff. The latter shall turn over all the \ul0\nosupersub\
cf1\f2\fs24 amounts \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 coming into his possess\ul0\no
supersub\cf3\f4\fs22 ion within the same day to the clerk of court of the court
that issued the writ, or if \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the same is not practi
cable, deposit said amount to a fiduciary account in the nearest government depo
sitory \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 bank of the Regional Trial Court of the loc
ality. \par\pard\li720\sb8\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 47\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nos
upersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0
\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg48}{\bkmkend Pg48}\par\pard\ql \li8408\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \
par\pard\ql\li8408\sb196\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosup
ersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Civil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri619\s
b18\sl-260\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul
3\f4\fs22 The clerk of court shall thereafter arrange for the remittance of the
deposit to the account of the court that \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex10
0 issued the writ whose clerk of court shall then deliver said payment to the \u
l0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 judgment obligee in satisfactio\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\
fs22 n \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of the judgmen\ul0\nosupersub\cf
1\f2\fs24 t\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 . The excess, if any, shall be delivered
to the judgment obligor while the lawful fees shall be \line \tab \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 retained by the clerk of court for disposition as provided by la
w. In no case shall the executing sheriff \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 demand that any payment by check be made payable to him. \par\pard\ql \li1800
\ri556\sb0\sl-246\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161 \up0
\expndtw-4\charscalex100 b. \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Satisfaction by l
evy. - If the judgment obligor cannot pay all or part of the obligation in cash,
certified bank \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 check or other mode of p
ayment acceptable to the judgment obligee, the officer shall levy upon the \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 properties of the judgment obligor of every
kind and nature whatsoever which may be disposed of for value \line \tab \up0 \e
xpndtw-2\charscalex100 and not otherwise exempt from execution giving the latter
the option to immediately choose which property \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 or part thereof may be levied upon, sufficient to satisfy the judgment
. If the judgment obligor does not \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 exer
cise the option, the officer shall first levy on the personal properties, if any
, an then on the real properties \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 if the
personal properties are insufficient to answer for the judgment. \par\pard\qj \
li1800\ri720\sb15\sl-260\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosup

22 The sheriff shall sell only a sufficient portion of the personal or real pro
perty of the judgment obligor which \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 has
been levied upon. \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri878\sb37\sl-240\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161 \
\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When there is more property of the ju
dgment obligor than is sufficient to satisfy the judgment and lawful \line\tab \
up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 fees, he must sell only so much of the personal or
real property as is sufficient to satisfy the judgment and \line \tab \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 lawful fees. \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri1041\sb7\sl-280\slmult0\
supersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Real property, stocks, shares
, debts, credits, and other personal property, or any interest in either real or
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 person\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 a\ul0
\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 l property, may be levied upon in like manner and with l
ike effect as under a writ of attachment. \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-231\slmult
0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 c. \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Gar
nishment of debts and credits. - The officer may levy on debts due the judgment
obligor and other \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri721\sb14\sl-250\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2
\charscalex100 credits, including bank deposits, financial interests, royalties,
commissions and other personal property not \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
capab\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 le of manual delivery in the po\ul0\nosupersub
\cf3\f4\fs22 ssession or control of third parties. Levy shall be made by serving
\line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 notice upon the person owing such debts or
having in his possession or control such credits to which the \line \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 judgment obligor is entitled. The garnishment shall cover only
such amount as will satisfy the judgment and \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
0 all lawful fees. \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb28\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\char
nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The garnishee shall make a written report to the court w
ithin five (5) days from service of the notice of \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri516\sb1
8\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 garnishment stating whether or no
t the judgment obligor has sufficient funds or credits to satisfy the amount \li
ne \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of the judgment. If not, the report shall state
how much funds or credits the garnishee holds for the judgment \line \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 obligor. The garnished amount in cash, or certified bank che
ck issued in the name of the judgment obligee, \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri560\sb7\sl
-256\slmult0\fi360\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 sha
ll be delivered directly to the judgment obligee within ten (10) working days fr
om service of notice on said \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 garnishing
requiring such delivery, except the lawful fees which shall be paid directly to
the court. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3
922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In the event there
are two or more garnishees holding deposits or credits sufficient to satisfy th
e judgment, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the judgment obligor, if ava
ilable, shall have the right to indicate the garnishee or garnishees who shall b
e \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 required to deliver the amount due; o
therwise, the choice shall be made by the judgment obligee. \line \up0 \expndtw
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The executing sheriff shall observe the same proc
edure under paragraph (a) with respect to delivery of \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-4
\charscalex100 payment to the judgment obligee. \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri3176\sb38
2?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Levy - attach. Separ
ate/segregate the properties \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Judgments for s
pecific acts, Rule 39, Sec 10 \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri580\sb14\sl-248\slmult0\tx2
161\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 a.\u
l0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Conveyance, delivery of
deeds, or other specific acts; vesting title. - If a judgment directs a party w
ho execute \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 a conveyance of land or perso

nal property, or to deliver deeds or other documents, or to perform any other \l
ine \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 specific act in connection therewith, and
the party fails to comply within the time specified, the court may \line \tab \
up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 direct the act to be done at the cost of the disobe
dient party by some other person appointed by the court \line \tab \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 and the act when so done shall have like effect as if done by t
he party. If real or personal property is situated \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 within the Philippines, the court in lieu of directing a conveyance
thereof may be an order divest the title of \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 any party and vest it in others, which shall have the force and effect of a
conveyance executed in due form of \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 law
. \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri767\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscale
x100 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Sale of real or
personal property.\u8212? If the judgment be for the sale of real or personal p
roperty, to sell such \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 property, describi
ng it, and apply the proceeds in conformity with the judgment. \par\pard\ql \li1
800\ri673\sb15\sl-245\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-2\charsc
alex100 c.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Delivery or
restitution of real property.- The officer shall demand of the person against w
hom the judgment \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 for the delivery or res
titution of real property is rendered and all person claiming rights under him t
o \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 peaceably vacate the property within
three (3) working days, and restore possession thereof to the judgment \line \ta
b \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 obligee; otherwise, the officer shall oust and s
uch persons therefrom with the assistance, if necessary of \line \tab \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 appropriate peace officers, and employing such means as may
be reasonably necessary to retake possession, \par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\par\pard\li720\sb135\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 48\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf2\f3\fs24 66\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-2
40{\bkmkstart Pg49}{\bkmkend Pg49}\par\pard\ql \li8408\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\p
ard\ql\li8408\sb196\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf1\f2\fs24 Civil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri647\sb0\sl
-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 and place
the judgment obligee in possession of such property. Any costs, damages, rents
or profits awarded \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 by the judgment shall be satisf
ied in the same manner as a judgment for money. \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri701\sb0\s
l-250\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 d.\ul0\n
osupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Removal of improvements on p
roperty subject of execution.- When the property subject of the execution \line\
tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 contains improvements constructed or planted b
y the judgment obligor or his agent, the officer shall not \line \tab \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 destroy, demolish or remove said improvements except upon sp
ecial order of the court issued upon motion \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 of the judgment obligee after due hearing and after the former has failed t
o remove the same within a \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 reasonable t
ime fixed by the court. \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb0\sl-198\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 e.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Deliv
ery of personal property.- In judgments for the delivery of personal property, t
he officer shall take \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri1027\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 possession of the same and forthwith deliver it to the party
entitled thereto and satisfy any judgment for \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 mone
y as therein provided. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-224\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 Special judgments, Rule 39, Sec 11 \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri611\sb38\
sl-246\slmult0\tx1800\tx1800\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
When a judgment requires the performance of any act other than those mentioned i
n the two preceding sections, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 a certifie
d copy of the judgment shall be attached to the writ of execution and shall be s
erved by the officer upon \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the party aga
inst whom the same is rendered, or upon any other person required thereby, or by
law, to obey the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 same, and such party
or person may be punished for contempt if he disobeys such judgment \par\pard\ql
\li720\sb249\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Effect of judgments a
nd final orders \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 Local, Rule 39, Sec 47 \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri791\sb24\sl-260\slmult0\tx18
00 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The effect of a judgment or final
order rendered by a court of the Philippines, having jurisdiction to pronounce
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 the judgment or final order, may be as f
ollows: \par\pard\ql \li2161\ri512\sb0\sl-248\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx252
1\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosup
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In case of a judgment or final order against a specific thin
g, or in respect to the probate of a will, or the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 administration of the estate of a deceased person, or in respect to th
e personal, political, or legal \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 conditi
on or status of a particular person or his relationship to another, the judgment
or final order is \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 conclusive upon the
title to the thing, the will or administration, or the condition, status or rela
tionship of \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the person; however, the pr
obate of a will or granting of letters of administration shall only be prima fac
ie \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 evidence of the death of the testato
r or intestate; \par\pard\ql \li2161\ri878\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521\tx25
21 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf3\f4\fs22 In other cases, the judgment or final order is, with respect to the
matter directly adjudged or as to any \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 o
ther matter that could have been raised in relation thereto, conclusive between
the parties and their \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 successors in int
erest by title subsequent to the commencement of the action or special proceedin
g, \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 litigating for the same thing and un
der the same title and in the same capacity; and \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri954\sb0\
sl-246\slmult0\fi1080\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 c.\ul0\nosuper
sub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In any other litigation between t
he same parties or their successors in interest, that only is deemed to \line\ta
b \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 have been adjudged in a former judgment or final
order which appears upon its face to have been so \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 adjudged, or which was actually and necessarily included therein or
necessary thereto. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Foreign, Rule 39, Sec 48
\par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1266\sb10\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
persub\cf3\f4\fs22 The effect of a judgment or final order of a tribunal of a f
oreign country, having jurisdiction to render the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\char
scalex100 judgment or final order is as follows: \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri647\sb20
\sl-240\slmult0\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs
22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In case of a judgment or final order upon a sp
ecific thing, the judgment or final order is conclusive upon \line\tab \up0 \exp
ndtw-4\charscalex100 the title to the thing; and \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri559\sb4\
b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf17\f18\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In case of a judgm
ent or final order against a person, the judgment or final order is presumptive
evidence \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of a right as between the parti
es and their successors in interest by a subsequent title. \par\pard\qj \li1440\
f6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In
either case, the judgment or final order may be repelled by evidence of a want o
f jurisdiction, want of notice to \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 the pa
rty, collusion, fraud, or clear mistake of law or fact. \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri3
\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Why j

ust presumptive evidence? Why different effect from local judgments? \line\tab \
f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Because foreign jurisdiction, different l
aws/legal system \par\pard\ql \li720\sb250\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 Amendment of judgment \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1097\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Before it becomes final and executory [vs. Final judg
ment = judgment and final order - nothing left to be done] \up0 \expndtw-4\chars
osupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Eternal Gardens Memorial vs. IAC \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\f
s22 (165 SCRA 439) \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1\sl-213\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
rsub\cf3\f4\fs22 Courts have the inherent power to amend their judgments, to m
ake them conformable to the law \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb11\sl-233\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw-2\charscalex100 applicable provided that the same have not obtained final
ity. In fact, motions for reconsideration are \par\pard\qj \li2521\ri699\sb22\sl
-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 allowed to convince the court that th
eir rulings are erroneous and improper and in so doing, said courts \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 are given sufficient opportunity to correct their errors. \par
\pard\qj \li1080\ri2079\sb40\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
b\cf3\f4\fs22 When is it deemed executory? Reckon appeal period, so 15 days aft
er notice of judgment is received. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\
22 How to compute # of days - exam question (accdg to Justice de Leon) \par\pa
rd\ql \li1440\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 After it becomes
final and executory \par\pard\li720\sb9\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 49\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs2
4 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh
15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg50}{\bkmkend Pg50}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276
\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb202\sl-276\slmult0\fi6967 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Civil Procedure | Justice de Leon\par\pard\li1440
\sb26\sl-253\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs
22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Nual vs. CA
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (221 SCRA 26)\par\pard\ql \li2161\ri542\sb0\sl-246\s
lmult0\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f
12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When a final
judgment becomes executory, it thereby becomes immutable and unalterable. The j
udgment \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 may no longer be modified in any
respect even if the modification is meant to correct what is perceived \line \t
ab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 to be an erroneous conclusion of fact or law, a
nd regardless of whether the modification is attempted to \line \tab \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 be made by the Court rendering it or the highest Court of the
land. \par\pard\ql \li2161\ri696\sb0\sl-246\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw
0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The only recognized exceptions are the correction of
clerical errors or the making of so-called \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 nunc pr
o \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 tunc\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 entri
es which cause no prejudice to any party, and of course, where the judgment is v
oid. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nos
upersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Any amendment or alteration w
hich substantially affects a final and executory judgment is null and void \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 for lack of jurisdiction, including the entir
e proceedings held for that purpose \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri608\sb0\sl-260\slmult
ersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Remedy where the judgment has b
ecome final, for inclusion of a party-heir, is to file an independent civil \lin
e\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 suit. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb8\sl-253\slmult
sub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Industrial Timber Corp. vs. NLRC\u

l0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (233 SCRA 597) \par\par
s22 When after a judgment has become final and executory, it can no longer be
modified or otherwise \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 disturbed. \par\pa
rd\ql \li1440\ri492\sb0\sl-246\slmult0\fi720\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-2\chars
rsub\cf3\f4\fs22 However, this principle admits of exceptions, as where facts
and circumstances transpire which render its \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 execution impossible or unjust and it therefore becomes necessary, \u8213?i
n the interest of justice, to direct its \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
0 modification in order to harmonize the disposition with the prevailing circums
tances.\u8214? \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Supplemental judgment \par\p
cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Es
quivel vs. Alegre\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (172
SCRA 315) \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
\f4\fs22 Difference between amended judgment and supplemental judgment:\par\pa
rd\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5943\colsr160\colno2\colw5997\colsr160\ql
5\fs22 Amended judgment\par\pard\ql \li2521\ri29\sb11\sl-247\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Lower court makes a thorough stud
y \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of the original judgment and renders \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 the amended and clarified judgment \line \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 only after considering all the factual \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 and legal issues and is considered an \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 e
ntirely new decision which supersedes \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the original
decision.\par\pard\column \ql \li630\sb22\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Supplemental judgment\par\pard\ql \li20\ri27
Does not take the place or extinguish \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the e
xistence of the original. It only \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 serves to
bolster or add something to \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the primary deci
sion. It exists side by \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 side with the origin
al. It does not \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 replace that which it supple
ments \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li2161\ri610\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\tx2521 \
f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The supplemental decision in the case at
bar cannot stand alone as a judgment on the merits as there was \line\tab \up0 \
expndtw-4\charscalex100 no declaration of the respective rights of the parties \
par\pard\ql \li1440\sb214\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Judgments
nunc pro tunc \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
persub\cf4\f5\fs22 Nunc pro tunc\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 - phrase applied t
o acts allowed to be done after the time when they should have been done, \par\p
ard\ql \li1800\ri511\sb10\sl-250\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 with a re
troactive effect, i.e. with the same effect as if regularly done. Describes the
power of the court to make its \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 records speak
the truth, i.e. to correct record at later date to reflect what actually occurr
ed at trial. (Black\u8216?s Law \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Dictionary)
\par\pard\ql \li1440\sb8\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosup
22 Cardoza vs. Singson\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs2
2 (181 SCRA 45) \par\pard\ql \li2161\ri554\sb18\sl-240\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521 \up
\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Acting not only as a court of law but also
as a court of equity, the trial court correctly made the entry of a \line\tab \u
p0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 judgment \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 nunc pro tunc
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 pursuant to the decision of the CA. In so doing, th

e lower court merely ordered \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the CA jud
gment to be executed \par\pard\ql \li2161\ri539\sb12\sl-250\slmult0\tx2521\tx252
f5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The issuance of a \ul0\nosupersub\cf12
\f13\fs22 nunc pro tunc\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 order was recognized in Lich
auco vs. Tan Pho where an order or judgment \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex
100 actually rendered by a court at a former time had not been entered of record
as rendered. There is no \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 doubt that su
ch entry operates to save proceedings had before it was made. \par\pard\ql \li21
A judgment which has become final and executory can no longer be amended or co
rrected by the court \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 except for clerical
errors or mistakes. In such a situation, the trial court loses jurisdiction ove
r the case \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 except to execute the final
judgment, as in this case. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-225\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 Law of the case \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri820\sb35\sl-250\slmult0\
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The principle that if
an appellate court has passed on a legal question and remanded the case back to
the court \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 bellow for further proceedings
, the legal question thus determined by the appellate court will not be differen
tly \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 determined on a subsequent appeal i
n the same case where the facts remain the same. \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri776\sb30
\sl-250\slmult0\tx1800\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\
f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Determ
ination of questions of law will generally be held to govern the case throughout
all its subsequent stages \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 where such de
termination has already been made on a prior appeal to a court of last resort. (
Black\u8216?s Law \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Dictionary) \par\pard
\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-239\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Bar by former judgm
ent and conclusiveness of judgment distinguished \par\pard\li720\sb252\sl-276\sl
mult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Su
arez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs2
4 50\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66
}
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}
vil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri4089\sb34\sl-240\slmult0\
supersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Del Rosario vs. Far East Bank
and Trust Company\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (53
7 SCRA 571) \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs2
2 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Distinguished:\par
\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6668\colsr160\colno2\colw5272\colsr160
4\f5\fs22 Bar by prior judgment or estoppel by judgment\par\pard\ql \li2161\ri95
\sb12\sl-247\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 M
akes the judgment rendered in the first case an \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 absolute bar to the subsequent action since that \line \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 judgment is conclusive \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 not only as to the m
atters\par\pard\ql \li2161\ri136\sb0\sl-248\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
0 offered and received to sustain it but also as to \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 any other matter which might have been \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 offered for that purpose and which could have \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 been adjudged therein\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 - it is in this concept t
hat \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the term res judicata is more commonly a
nd \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 generally used as a ground for a motion t
o dismiss \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 in civil cases\par\pard\ql \li1800
\sb1\sl-251\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Requisites:\par\pard\
ql \li2521\sb8\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\
f11\fs22 \u-3929?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Fina
lity of the former judgment;\par\pard\column \ql \li933\sb23\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Conclusiveness of judgment
\par\pard\qj \li20\ri925\sb12\sl-247\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The second rule of res judicata, which refers to a \up0 \
expndtw-3\charscalex100 situation where the judgment in the prior action \up0 \e
xpndtw-3\charscalex100 operates as an estoppel \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 only
as to the matters \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 actually determined or which wer
e necessarily \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 included therein \par\pard\sect\sect
d\sbknone \qj \li2521\ri2052\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs22 \u-3929?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf3\f4\fs22 The court which rendered it had jurisdiction over the subject mat
ter and the parties; \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs22
\u-3929?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 It must be a
judgment on the merits; and \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri959\sb5\sl-240\slmult0\tx288
ersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 There must be, between the firs
t and second actions, identity of parties, subject matter, causes of \line\tab \
up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 action [and reliefs] \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb250\sl253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Immutability of final judgment \par\pa
cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Gr
iffith vs. Estur\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (55
4 SCRA 102) \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri1155\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A decision that has attained finality can no longer be
modified even if the modification is meant to \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charsca
lex100 correct erroneous conclusions of fact or law. \par\pard\ql \li2161\ri1037
\sb10\sl-250\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 While
petitioner can no longer challenge the decision which has become final and exec
utory, he can \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 question the manner of its
execution especially if it is not in accord with the tenor and terms of the \li
ne \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 judgment \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri815\sb0\sl
-265\slmult0\fi720\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A judgm
ent becomes final and executory by operation of law, not by judicial declaration
. Accordingly, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 finality of judgment beco
mes a fact upon the lapse of the reglementary period of appeal if no appeal is \
line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 perfected. In such a situation, the prev
ailing party is entitled as a matter of right to a writ of execution. \line \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\c
f5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 General Rule: No appeal, but if include
d in Rule 41, Sec 1 - remedy is certiorari \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \
cf3\f4\fs22 Problem with Griffith ruling, it did not reconcile w/ Rule 41, Sec
1(i) \par\pard\ql \li5027\ri4112\sb201\sl-280\slmult0\tx5892 \up0 \expndtw-5\cha

rscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Remedies against Judgments or \line\tab \
up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Final Orders \par\pard\ql \li720\sb1\sl-231\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Remedies before final
ity of judgment \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb11\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charsca
lex100 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Motion for r
econsideration \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Motion for new
trial \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 3.\
ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Appeal \par\pard\ql \l
i1800\ri4352\sb21\sl-240\slmult0\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 a.\ul0\nos
upersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Ordinary appeal \line\tab \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Rule 40 \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 Rule 41 \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri4242\sb0\sl-240\slmult0
\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf3\f4\fs22 Petition for review \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Ru
le 42 \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb8\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Rule
43 \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri3693\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 c.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Petition fo
r review on certiorari \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Rule 45 \par\pard
\ql \li720\sb208\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Remedies after fin
ality of judgment \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charsc
alex100 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Petition fo
r relief from judgment \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\c
harscalex100 2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Annulm
ent of judgment \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 3.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Petition for
certiorari \par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\
par\pard\li720\sb220\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 P
age \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 51\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf2\f3\fs24 66
}
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}
dtw-3\charscalex100 New Trial or Reconsideration\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmul
t0\fi5406 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Rule 37\par\pard\li720\sb1\sl-266\slmult
0\fi5008 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 (Sections 1 to 9)\par\pard\li720\sb245\sl
-253\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Groun
ds and nature (Sec 1)\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw4085\colsr160
\colno2\colw3374\colsr160\colno3\colw4331\colsr160\ql \li1944\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li1944\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1944\sb83\sl-253\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Grounds\par\pard\col
umn \ql \li601\sb2\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Motion for New T
rial\par\pard\ql \li20\sb6\sl-253\slmult0\tx337 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 1.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 FAME which ordina
ry prudence\par\pard\qj \li380\ri292\sb0\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 could not have guarded against \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 and by reason
of which such\par\pard\ql \li380\sb1\sl-245\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 aggrieved party has probably\par\pard\ql \li380\sb1\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 been impaired in his rights\par\pard\ql \li380\sb1\sl-249\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf3\f4\fs22 Fraud - extrinsic and\par\pard\ql \li740\sb1\sl-245\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 collateral\par\pard\ql \li380\sb1\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex100 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs2
2 Accident - actual surprise\par\pard\ql \li740\sb1\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 incident that prevents one\par\pard\ql \li740\sb1\sl-249\slmul
t0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 from appearing at trial\par\pard\ql \li380\sb1\
sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 c.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Mistake - of facts\par\pard\ql \li380\sb2\sl-249\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 d.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3
\f4\fs22 Excusable Negligence - as\par\pard\ql \li740\sb1\sl-250\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw-3\charscalex100 when lawyer fails to get\par\pard\ql \li740\sb0\sl-244\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 notice of hearing on time\par\pard\ql \li20
\sb1\sl-249\slmult0\tx337 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 Newly discovered evidence,\par\pard\qj \li380\ri369\sb0\sl-249\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 which movant could not, with \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 reasonable diligence, have\par\pard\qj \li380\ri153\sb0\sl-249\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 discovered and produced at trial, \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 and which if presented would \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 pro
bably alter the result\par\pard\column \ql \li265\sb2\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Motion for Reconsideration\par\pa
rd\ql \li20\ri1289\sb11\sl-247\slmult0\tx390 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs2
2 Damages awarded are excessive \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 2.\ul0\nosupersub\
cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Evidence insufficient to justify \line\
tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 decision or final order\par\pard\qj \li20\ri12
88\sb6\sl-244\slmult0\tx390 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\
f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Decision or final order contrary \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 to law \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li720\sb1\sl-
250\slmult0\fi1301\tx4197 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\f

s22 Nature\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Order g
ranting or denying it is interlocutory (?)\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li720\sb
252\sl-253\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Motion for new trial (Sec 1
, par 1)\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li720\sb0\sl-249\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 Distinguish from motion to reopen trial (? - not sure, got th
is from crim pro)\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw4133\colsr160\col
no2\colw3215\colsr160\colno3\colw4442\colsr160\ql \li1839\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \pa
r\pard\ql \li1839\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1839\sb6\sl-253\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 When filed\par\pard\ql \l
i1901\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1901\sb128\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 By whom\par\pard\column \ql \li529\sb8\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw-3\charscalex100 Motion for New Trial\par\pard\qj \li20\ri119\sb139\sl-244\s
lmult0\tx231 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 After ren
dition of judgment, within \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the period fo
r taking an appeal\par\pard\ql \li5128\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li855\sb
5\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Aggrieved party\par\pard\column \
ql \li535\sb8\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f
5\fs22 Motion to Reopen Trial\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1145\sb14\sl-244\slmult0\tx281
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 After both parties ha
ve presented and \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 closed their evidence b
ut before\par\pard\ql \li563\sb1\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 re
ndition of judgment (?)\par\pard\ql \li247\sb8\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 Either the aggrieved party or the\par\pard\ql \li799\sb0\sl-249\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 judge motu proprio \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknon
e \li1940\sb132\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx4226\tx8369 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Grounds\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf3\f4\fs22 FAME or newly discovered evidence\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 Miscarriage of justice\par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\l
i720\sb124\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Motion for reconsiderati
on (Sec 1, par 2) \par\pard\ql \li720\sb247\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 Periods (Sec 1) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3
\charscalex100 For filing \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Within the period for taking an appeal \par\pard\
ql \li1800\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Effect of motion for
extension of time to file \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb50\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
2 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Appeal period is interrupted by a timely motion
for new trial or reconsideration \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1336\sb2\sl-260\slmult0
b\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 No motion for extension of time to f
ile a motion for new trial or reconsideration shall be allowed \up0 \expndtw-4\c
harscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 See also Rule 41, Sec 3, par 2; Rule 40
, Sec 2, par 2 \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb226\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 Not required for appeal \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw-3\charscalex100 Second motion for new trial (Sec 5, par 1) \par\pard\ql \li
22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Must be bas
ed on a ground not existing or available when the first motion was filed \par\pa
rd\qj \li1800\ri916\sb38\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosup
22 May be filed within the time provided excluding the time during which the fi
rst motion had been pending \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Second motion for reco
nsideration (Sec 5, par 2) \par\pard\li720\sb172\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 52\ul0\nosupersub\cf
1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66
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il Procedure | Justice de Leon\par\pard\li1800\sb26\sl-253\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \exp
fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Not\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 allowed\par\p
ard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-226\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 For resolution (
Sec 4) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb32\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \u
f3\f4\fs22 Resolved within 30 days from time submitted for resolution \par\pard
\ql \li720\sb247\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Contents \par\pard
\ql \li1440\ri3619\sb0\sl-300\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 In general (
Sec 2.). See also Rule 15, Sec 3 \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupe
2 Made in writing \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-198\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\chars
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Stating the grounds \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri3866\sb9\sl-28
\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Written notice of which sh
all be served by the movant on the adverse party \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \
cf3\f4\fs22 Rule 15, Sec 3 - motions shall contain: \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb3\sl
osupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Relief sought to be obtaine
d \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
Grounds upon which it is based \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri725\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\t
ub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Accompanied by supporting affidavi
ts and other papers - if required by the Rules or if necessary to \line\tab \up0
\expndtw-4\charscalex100 prove facts alleged \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-216\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Motion for new trial (Sec 2, par 2) \par\par
d\ql \li1440\ri969\sb28\sl-260\slmult0\tx1800\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 If ground is FAME - motion shall be supported by affidavits of
merits which may be rebutted by affidavits \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \
cf3\f4\fs22 If ground is newly discovered evidence - motion shall be supported
by affidavits of witnesses by whom such \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
evidence is expected to be given, or duly authenticated documents which are prop

osed to be introduced in \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 evidence \par\
pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-235\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Motion for reco
nsideration (Sec 2, par 3) \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri611\sb33\sl-250\slmult0\tx1800
osupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Point out specifically findi
ngs or conclusions of the judgment or final order which are not supported by evi
dence \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 or which are contrary to law, maki
ng express reference to the testimonial or documentary evidence or to the \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 provisions of law alleged to be contrary to s
uch findings or conclusions \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-239\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 Pro forma motion and its effects (Sec 2, par 4) \par\pard\ql \
li1440\ri4903\sb8\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Pro
forma motion - does not follow the requirements on form \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
upersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Does not toll the reglementary period of appeal \line \up0
\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Marina Properties Corp. vs. CA\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf12\f13\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (294 SCRA 273) \par\pard\ql \li2
161\ri582\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\no
An MR is deemed pro forma if it does not specify findings or conclusions in t
he judgment which are not \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 supported by t
he evidence or contrary to law, making express reference to the pertinent eviden
ce or legal \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 provisions. \par\pard\ql \l
i2161\ri942\sb4\sl-240\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\
22 Although an MR may merely reiterate issues already passed upon by the court
, that by itself does not \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 make it pro fo
rma and is immaterial because what is essential is compliance with the requisite
s of the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 rules. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb2
50\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Action by court \par\pard\ql \li
1440\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Options in general (Sec 3)
\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5885\colsr160\colno2\colw6055\cols
r160\ql \li2957\sb8\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf4\f5\fs22 Motion for New Trial\par\pard\ql \li1800\ri64\sb21\sl-247\slmult0\t
x2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 1.\ul0\no
supersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Set aside\ul0\nosupersub\cf3
\f4\fs22 judgment or final order and \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 gr
ant new trial upon such terms as may be \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
just\par\pard\ql \li1800\sb0\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 2.\ul
0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Deny\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\
f4\fs22 the motion\par\pard\column \ql \li640\sb8\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Motion for Reconsideration\par\pard\
qj \li20\ri2278\sb24\sl-244\slmult0\tx390 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf3\f4\fs22 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22
Amend \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 such judgment or final order \ul0\nosupersub\c
f4\f5\fs22 if: \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 -\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19
\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Excessive damages\par\pard\ql \li380\sb2\sl
-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 -\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs22 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Judgment or final order \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 con
trary to\par\pard\ql \li741\sb0\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 evi
dence or law \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pa
rd\ql\li1440\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f3\f4\fs22 Grant of motion for new trial (Sec 6) \par\pard\ql \li1349\sb27\sl-25
\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Original judgment or final
order \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 vacated\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf4\f5\fs22 and \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 action shall stand for \ul0\n
osupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 trial de novo\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 ; \par\pard\qj \l

2 But recorded evidence \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 taken upon former trial, in
so far as it is material and competent to establish the issues, \line\tab \up0
\expndtw-4\charscalex100 shall be \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 used at the new tr
ial without retaking\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 the same \par\pard\ql \li1440\s
b3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Partial new trial or reconsidera
tion (Secs 7, 8) \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri772\sb30\sl-253\slmult0\tx1800\tx1800\tx
persub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If the grounds for a motion und
er this Rule appear to the court to affect issues to only a part, or less than a
ll of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the matter in controversy, or only
one, or less than all, of the parties to it, court may order new trial or grant
\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 reconsideration as to such issues if s
everable without interfering with the judgment or final order upon the rest \lin
e \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 (Sec 7) \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri4116\sb38\sl
-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When less than a
ll of the issues are ordered retried, the court may either: \line\tab \up0 \expn
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Enter \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 a judgment or fi
nal order \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 as to the rest,\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 or \par\pard\li720\sb172\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx1008
4 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\t
ab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 53\ul0\nosuper
sub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66
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vil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\li1440\sb1\sl-251\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \
22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Stay the enforcement of such judgment or final
order until after the new trial\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 . (Sec 8)\par\pard\l
i1440\sb0\sl-249\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Denial\par\pard\ql \l
i1800\sb1\sl-232\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Remedies (Sec 9; Rule 41,
Sec 1 (a)) \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri3273\sb9\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 An order denying a motion for new trial or reconsideratio
n is \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 not appealable \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \u
f3\f4\fs22 Remedy is an \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 appeal from the judgment or
final order\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (Sec 9) \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri657\sb25
\sl-250\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\
f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 No app
eal may be taken from an order denying a petition for relief or any similar moti
on seeking relief from \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 judgment. The agg
rieved party may file an appropriate special civil action as provided in Rule 65
. (Rule 41, \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Sec 1 (a)) \par\pard\ql \li
s24 Appeal \par\pard\ql \li5700\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5700\sb8\sl-27
6\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Ordinary Appeal \par\pard\ql \li6103\sb2
44\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 Rule
40 \par\pard\ql \li5800\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 MTC to
RTC \par\pard\ql \li5728\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 (Sections 1 to 9) \par\pard\ql \li720\sb223\sl-253\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Where to appeal (Sec
f4\fs22 To the RTC exercising jurisdiction over the area to which the MTC perta
ins \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri789\sb2\sl-260\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca

upersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Case title remains as it was in the court of origin, but th
e party appealing shall be further referred to as the appellant \line\tab \up0 \
expndtw-4\charscalex100 and the adverse party as the appellee \par\pard\ql \li72
0\sb1\sl-235\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 When to appeal (Sec 2) \par\p
ard\ql \li1080\sb31\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A
ppeal may be taken \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 within 15 days after notice \ul0\
nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 to the appellant of the judgment or final order appealed
from \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri703\sb22\sl-260\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Where a record on appeal is required, appellant shall fil
e notice of appeal and a record on appeal within 30 days after \line\tab \up0 \e
xpndtw-4\charscalex100 notice of the judgment or final order \par\pard\ql \li108
0\sb6\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \
u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Period of appea
l interrupted by timely motion for new trial or reconsideration \par\pard\qj \li
720\ri3170\sb22\sl-260\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupers
No motion for extension of time to file motion for new trial or reconsideration
allowed \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 How to appeal (Sec 3) \par\pard\qj \li108
0\ri2579\sb4\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7
\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 By filin
g a notice of appeal with the court that rendered judgment or final order appeal
ed from \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\n
osupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Notice of appeal shall indic
ate: \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-231\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\
22 Parties to the appeal \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri5308\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \
22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Judgment or final order or part thereof appeal
ed from \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Material dates showing timelines
s of appeal \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri1101\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Record on appeal shall be required only in special procee
dings and in other cases of multiple or separate appeals \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
upersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Form and contents of record on appeal shall be as provided
in Rule 41, Sec 6: \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri1712\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Full names of all parties to the proceedings shall be
stated in the caption of the record on appeal \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0
s22 Judgment or final order from which appeal is taken \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri
700\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In
chronological order - copies of only such pleadings, petitions, motions and all
interlocutory orders as are \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 related to t
he appealed judgment or final order for the proper understanding of the issue in
volved, together \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 with such data as will
show that the appeal was perfected on time \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-233\slmu
\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If an issue of fact is to be raised
on appeal, the record on appeal shall include by reference: \par\pard\ql \li2521
\sb11\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs22
\u-3929?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 All evidence
, testimonial and documentary, taken upon the issue involved \par\pard\ql \li324
fs22 Reference shall specify documentary evidence by exhibit numbers or letter

s by which it was \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 identified when admitt
ed or offered at the hearing, and the testimonial evidence by the \line \tab \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 names of the corresponding witnesses \par\pard\ql \li
3241\ri601\sb10\sl-250\slmult0\tx3601\tx3601 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\
f4\fs22 If the whole testimonial and documentary evidence in the case is to be
included, a statement \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 to that effect wi
ll be sufficient without mentioning the names of the witnesses or the \line \tab
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 numbers or letters of exhibits \par\pard\ql \li18
2 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Every record on ap
peal exceeding 20 pages must contain a subject index \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb50\s
l-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Copies of notice of ap
peal, and record on appeal where required, shall be served on the adverse party
\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li
24 66
}
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vil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\ql \li720\ri4583\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\tx
1080 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Perfection of app

eal (Sec 4) \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 See Rule 41, Sec 9\par\pard\
sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw7557\colsr160\colno2\colw4383\colsr160\ql \l
i5070\sb1\sl-233\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs
22 Notice of Appeal\par\pard\ql \li4221\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Upon filing of notice of appeal in due\par
\pard\ql \li1234\sb1\sl-249\slmult0\tx4216 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\no
supersub\cf4\f5\fs22 When deemed perfected\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul
0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 time\par\pard\ql \li4221\sb252\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw-3\charscalex100 Upon perfection of the appeals filed\par\pard\ql \li4221\sb
0\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 in due time \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f
5\fs22 and\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 the expiration of the\par\pard\ql \li994\
sb2\sl-249\slmult0\tx4216 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\f
s22 When MTC loses jurisdiction\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf3\f4\fs22 time to appeal of the other parties\par\pard\column \ql \li826\sb1
\sl-233\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Record
on Appeal\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1363\sb15\sl-247\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 With respect to the subject matter, \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 upon approval of the record on \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
appeal filed in due time\par\pard\ql \li20\ri1041\sb13\sl-247\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw-3\charscalex100 Only over the subject matter, upon \line \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 approval of the records on appeal \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
0 filed in due time \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 and \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
the expiration of \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 time to appeal of the othe
r parties \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li4221\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \par\pard\
qj\li4221\ri1315\sb22\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Prior to the
transmittal of the original record or record on appeal, MTC may \line \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 issue orders for the protection and preservation of the righ
ts of the parties\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw4061\colsr160\col
no2\colw7879\colsr160\ql \li1589\sb136\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Residual Powers\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb6\sl
-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 which do
not involve any matter litigated by the appeal, approve compromises,\par\pard\qj
\li20\ri1863\sb1\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 permit appeals of
indigent litigants, order execution pending appeal in \line \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 accordance with sec 2 of Rule 39, and allow withdrawal of the appeal
\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li720\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li720\sb
240\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Appellate court and other lawfu
l fees (Sec 5) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 Same as Rule 41, Sec 4 \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri757\sb24\sl-260\slmult0\tx180
nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Within the period for takin
g an appeal, appellant shall pay to the clerk of court which rendered the judgme
nt or \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 final order appealed from, the \ul
0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 full amount of the appellate court docket and other fee
s \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\n
osupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Proof of payment of said fee
s shall be transmitted to the appellate court together with the original record
or the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 record on appeal \par\pard\ql \li
720\sb6\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Procedure in RTC (Sec 7) \p
ar\pard\ql \li1080\ri598\sb2\sl-260\slmult0\tx1440\tx1440\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-1
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Upon receipt of the complete record or the record o
n appeal, RTC clerk of court shall notify the parties of such fact \up0 \expndtw
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Within 15 days from such notice, appellant\u8216?
s duty is to submit a memorandum which shall briefly discuss the errors \line\ta
b \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 imputed to the lower court, a copy of which shal
l be furnished by him to the adverse party. \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 Within 15 days from receipt of appellant\u8216?s memorandum, appellee may f
ile his memorandum. Failure of the appellant \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 to file a memorandum shall be a ground for dismissal of the appeal \par\pa
rsub\cf3\f4\fs22 Upon filing of the appellee\u8216?s memorandum, or the expirat
ion of time to do so, case shall be considered submitted for \line\tab \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 decision. RTC shall decide the case on the basis of the ent
ire record of the proceedings had in the court of origin and \line \tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 such memoranda as are filed. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb250\sl253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Appeal from MTC order dismissing case
\par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 a.\ul0\nos
upersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 without trial on the merits (
Sec 8, par 1) \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 RTC may affirm or reverse, as the case may be \par\pard\ql \l
2 In case of \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 affirmance AND \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\
fs22 the \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 ground\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 of dismi
ssal is \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 lack of jurisdiction over the subject matter
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 , RTC \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 if it has jurisdiction\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 , shall
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 try\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 the case on the meri
ts \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 as if the case was originally filed with it \line
ub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In case of \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\f
s22 reversal\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 , case shall be \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\f
s22 remanded\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 for further proceedings \par\pard\ql \l
i1080\sb1\sl-235\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\
fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 with trial on the merits (Sec 8, par 2) \par\
pard\ql \li1800\ri600\sb36\sl-246\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
l0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If case tried on the merits by the lower court \ul0\n
osupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 without jurisdiction over the subject matter\ul0\nosupersu
b\cf3\f4\fs22 , RTC on appeal \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 shall \ul0
\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 not dismiss\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 the case \ul0\no
supersub\cf4\f5\fs22 if it has original jurisdiction\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
, \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 but\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 shall \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf4\f5\fs22 decide\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 the case in accordance with t
he \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 preceding section, \ul0\nosupersub\c
f4\f5\fs22 without prejudice\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 to the \ul0\nosupersub\
cf4\f5\fs22 admission\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs2
2 amended pleadings and additional evidence \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 in the interest of justice \par\pard\ql \li1080
u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Provost vs. CA\
ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (492 SCRA 675) \par\pa
rd\ql \li1800\ri609\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
f3\f4\fs22 While RTCs have jurisdiction over complaints for recovery of owners
hip or \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 accion reivindicatoria\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f
4\fs22 , Sec 8 of Rule \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 40 nonetheless al
lows the RTC to decide the case brought on appeal from the MTC which, even witho
ut \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 jurisdiction over the subject matter
, may decide the case on the merits \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri1124\sb9\sl-240\slmul
t0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosu
persub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In this case, the MTC should h
ave dismissed the complaint outright for lack of jurisdiction, but since it \lin
e\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 decided the case on the merits, the RTC rend
ered a decision based on the MTC\u8216?s findings \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb30\sl-2

0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Encarnacion vs. Amigo\ul0
\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (502 SCRA 172) \par\pard\
\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Respondent
\u8216?s actual entry on petitioner\u8216?s land was in 1985 but it was only in
2001 (16 years later) when \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 petitioner filed his ejectment case. Respondent should have fi
led an \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 accion publiciana \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs
22 case which is under the \par\pard\li720\sb89\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 55\ul0\nosupersub\cf1
\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66
}
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vil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\ql \li2161\ri514\sb0\sl-248\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 RTC\u8216?s jurisdiction
instead of the \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 accion interdictal \ul0\nosupersub
\cf3\f4\fs22 he filed with the MTC. However, the RTC should have taken \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 cognizance of the case. Sec 8, Rule 40 provides that if the
case is tried on the merits by the MTC without \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 ju
risdiction over the subject matter, the RTC on appeal may no longer dismiss the
case if it has original \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 jurisdiction thereof
. Moreover, the RTC shall no longer try the case on the merits, but shall decide
the case on \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the basis of the evidence presented i
n the lower court, without prejudice to the admission of the amended \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 pleadings and additional evidence in the interest of justice.
\par\pard\ql \li6107\sb237\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\no
supersub\cf2\f3\fs24 Rule 41 \par\pard\ql \li5915\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 RTC to CA \par\pard\ql \li5671\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 (Sections 1 to 13) \par\pard\ql \
fs22 Subject of appeal (Sec 1) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri675\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\tx
persub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 An appeal may be taken from a j
udgment or final order that completely disposes of the case, or of a particular
matter \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 therein when declared by the Rule
s to be appealable. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 Non-appealable orders \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
order denying a petition for relief or any similar motion seeking relief from
judgment; \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100
b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 interlocutory order
; \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 c.\ul0\
nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 order disallowing or dismi
ssing an appeal; \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri1178\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \exp
ndtw-3\charscalex100 d.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
order denying a motion to set aside a judgment by consent, confession or compro
mise on the ground of fraud, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 mistake or

duress, or any other ground vitiating consent; \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-213\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 e.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 order of execution; \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri576\sb0\sl-260\slmu
lt0\tx1440\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 f. \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 judgment or final order for or against one or more of several parties or i
n separate claims, counterclaims, cross-claims \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
lex100 and third-party complaints, while the main case is pending, unless the co
urt allows an appeal therefrom; and \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-222\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-4\charscalex100 g.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\
fs22 order dismissing an action without prejudice. \par\pard\ql \li720\ri787\s
b0\sl-273\slmult0\tx1080\tx1080\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 A.M. No. 07
-7-12-SC (dated December 4, 2007 - took effect on December 27, 2007) - Amendment
s to Rules 41, 45, 58, 65 \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
AM removed from the list the order denying MNT or MR - such is now covered by Ru
le 37, Sec 9 \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs2
2 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Remedy of Ru
le 37, Sec 9 admits of an exception: if the subject matter of the MR is an inter
locutory order, then the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 remedy is cert
iorari \par\pard\ql \li720\sb1\sl-203\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Mode
s of appeal (Sec 2) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb14\sl-231\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\cha
rscalex100 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Ordinary
appeal (appeal on writ of error) \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb51\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Appeal to CA in cases decided by the RTC
in exercise of its original jurisdiction shall be taken by filing a \par\pard\qj
\li2161\ri588\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 notice of appeal
with the court which rendered the judgment or final order appealed from and ser
ving a copy \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 thereof upon the adverse party \par\pa
rsub\cf3\f4\fs22 No record on appeal shall be required except in special procee
dings and other cases of multiple or separate \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 appeals where the law or the Rules so require. In such cases, the record o
n appeal shall be filed and served in \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 l
ike manner \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb28\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
ub\cf3\f4\fs22 Record on appeal is filed with the court of origin \par\pard\ql
\li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f
6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Petition for review \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri
1021\sb24\sl-260\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Appe
al to CA in cases decided by the RTC in exercise of its appellate jurisdiction s
hall be by petition for \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 review in accord
ance with Rule 42 \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb26\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 By a verified petition for review to the CA \par\pard\ql
\li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 c.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f
6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Appeal by \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 ce
rtiorari \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri834\sb41\sl-240\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
l0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In all cases where only questions of law are raised o
r involved, the appeal shall be to the SC by petition for \line\tab \up0 \expndt
w-4\charscalex100 review on \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 certiorari\ul0\nosuper
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 in accordance with Rule 45 \par\pard\qj \li720\ri5234\sb40\sl-2
922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 By a verified peti
tion for review on certiorari to the SC \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Period of
ordinary appeal (Sec 3) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb50\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3

\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Appeal shall be taken within 15 days from notice of
the judgment or final order appealed from \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri613\sb38\sl-24
22?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Where a record on a
ppeal is required, the appellants shall file a notice of appeal and a record on
appeal within 30 days \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 from notice of the
judgment or final order \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri853\sb40\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440 \
\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 On appeal in \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13
\fs22 habeas corpus \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 cases shall be taken within 48 h
ours from notice of the judgment or order appealed from \line\tab \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 Interrupted by timely MNT or MR \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb10\sl-253
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 No motion for extension of time to file M
NT or MR \par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb233\sl-276\slmult0\
fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez |
2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 56\u
l0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66
}
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vil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri5619\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 MR filed on last day of
15-day period - based on the Rules \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
fs22 Manila Memorial Park vs. CA\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf3\f4\fs22 (344 SCRA 769) \par\pard\ql \li2161\ri618\sb0\sl-246\slmult0\tx2521\
tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \
4\fs22 In an ordinary appeal from the final judgment or order of a MTC to the
RTC, and from the RTC to the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 CA in actio
ns or proceedings originally filed in the RTC, the 15-day period for appeal pres
cribed by Sec \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 39 of BP 129 and Sec 19(a
) of the Interim Rules is interrupted or suspended by a motion for new trial or
\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 reconsideration duly filed, and if the
motion for new trial or reconsideration is denied, the moving party \line \tab \
up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 has only the remaining period from notice of denial
within which to file a notice of appeal. No motion \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\c
harscalex100 for extension of time to file such a notice of appeal is neither re
quired nor allowed. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f1
2\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In this case,
when respondents filed their MR on the last day of the 15-day prescribed period
for taking \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 an appeal, which motion was
subsequently denied, they only had 1 days from receipt of a copy of the \line \t
ab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 order denying the MR, within which to perfect t
heir appeal, i.e., excluding the day of receipt and \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 including the next day. \par\pard\ql \li720\ri5110\sb0\sl-260\slmul
t0\fi720\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-392
2?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Same rule for an MR
filed on the 14\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs14 th\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 day
and the 15\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs14 th\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 day \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosu
persub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 For Rule 40, appellant files a
memorandum. Rule 41, a brief. \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 New rule on a
ppeal after denial of MR or MNT \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb19\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \e
6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Neypes vs. CA\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (469 SCRA 633) \par\pard\ql \li2161\ri608\sb13\sl-2
46\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 To stand
ardize the appeal periods provided in the Rules and to afford litigants fair opp
ortunity to appeal \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 their cases, the Cour

t deems it practical to allow a fresh period of 15 days within which to file the
notice \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of appeal in the RTC, counted f
rom receipt of the order dismissing a motion for new trial or motion for \line \
tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 reconsideration. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb29\sl253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\u
l0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Justice de Leon says tha
t an MNT/MR is denied, not dismissed \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \u
cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Before Neypes, only Rules 42, 43 and 6
5 had the fresh period rule. Neypes standardized all appeals \par\pard\qj \li144
\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 D
espite this, an ordinary appeal\u8216?s new period is non-extendible, while Rule
s 43, 45 and 65 - the new period is \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 exte
ndible \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u
f3\f4\fs22 When taking the exam, differentiate the Neypes ruling from the perio
d provided for in the Rules! \par\pard\ql \li720\sb247\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 When appeal allowed even if period to appeal has expired \pa
Trans International vs. CA\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f
4\fs22 (285 SCRA 49) \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
persub\cf3\f4\fs22 Appellate jurisdiction of the courts is conferred by law, a
nd must be exercised in the manner and in \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb10\sl-253\slmul
t0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 accordance with the provisions thereof and such
jurisdiction is acquired by the appellate court over the \par\pard\ql \li2161\s
b1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 subject matter and parties by th
e perfection of the appeal; Strict compliance with the Rules of Court is \par\pa
rd\qj \li2161\ri834\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 indispensab
le for the prevention of needless delays and for the orderly and expeditious dis
patch of judicial \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 business. \par\pard\ql \li1800\r
i598\sb0\sl-246\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\
22 Nonetheless, the Court has on several occasions relaxed this strict require
ment; For a party to seek exception \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 for
its failure to comply strictly with the statutory requirements for perfecting it
s appeal, strong compelling \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 reasons suc
h as serving the ends of justice and preventing a grave miscarriage thereof must
be shown, in \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 order to warrant the Cour
t\u8216?s suspension of the rules. \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri751\sb0\sl-240\slmult0
\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The trend in the rulings of the
Court is to afford every party-litigant the amplest opportunity for the proper \
line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 and just determination of his cause, free
from the constraints of technicalities. \par\pard\qj \li720\ri5011\sb0\sl-280\s
lmult0\tx1080 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 RTC cannot dismiss appeal on ground
that only questions of law involved \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0
\f5\fs22 Kho vs. Camacho\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\f
s22 (204 SCRA 150) \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri706\sb0\sl-245\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161\t
x2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\n
osupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Issues that involve pure qu
estions of law are within the exclusive jurisdiction of the SC. However, Rule 41
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 does not authorize the Trial Court to d
isallow an appeal on the ground that there is no question of fact, but \line \ta
b \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 only a question of law, involved. x x x whether
an appeal involves only question of law or both questions of \line \tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 fact and law, this question should be left for the determi
nation of an appellate court, and not by the court \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 which rendered the subject decision appealed from. \par\pard\ql \li1
800\ri814\sb0\sl-245\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf3\f4\fs22 What the respondent Judge should have done under the circumstan
ces was to sustain his approval of the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 n
otice of appeal and leave it to the CA to certify the case to the proper tribuna
l if warranted. Judge Leviste \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 had absol
utely no authority to disapprove the notice of appeal. His role is to approve or
disapprove the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 record on appeal (when
required) and the appeal bond, but not a notice of appeal. A notice of appeal do
es \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 not require the approval of the tria
l court. \par\pard\qj \li720\ri4062\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\tx1080 \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 Appellee who has not appealed may not obtain affirmative relief from
appellate court \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\
fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Custodio
vs. CA\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (253 SCRA 483)
\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb121\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx100
rsub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66
}
}}
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vil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1270\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\f

i360\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\no
supersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 An appellee in a civil case,
who has not himself appealed may not obtain from the appellate court any \line\
tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 affirmative relief other than what was granted
in the decision of the lower court. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Except
ion - when there is solidarity in obligations \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb14\sl-253\s
supersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Citytrust Banking Corp. vs. C
A\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (196 SCRA 553) \par\
pard\ql \li2521\ri583\sb0\sl-248\slmult0\tx2881\tx2881\tx2881\tx2881\tx2881\tx28
persub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The Court will not allow the a
bsurd situation where a co-defendant who is adjudged to be primarily \line\tab \
up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 liable for sums of money and for tort would be char
ged for an amount lesser than what its co-\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 defendant is bound to pay to the common creditor and allowed to collect from
the first co-\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 defendant. Such a situatio
n runs counter to the principle of solidarity in obligations as between co-\line
\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 defendants established by a judgment for rec
overy of sum of money and damages. Substantial justice \line \tab \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 shall not allow Marine Midland, which is the source which is the
source of the injury afflicted, to be \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
unjustly enriched either by the direct execution against him of the judgment for
the reduced amount \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 or by the indirect
execution by way of reimbursement at a later time. \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri565\sb
7\sl-245\slmult0\tx2881\tx2881\tx2881\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\
22 Though as a matter of procedure, the modification shall be applied only to
the appellant, substantial \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 justice and e
quity also demand that we re-interpret the decision to refer to petitioner as we
ll. There \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 exists a strong and compellin
g reason to warrant an exception to the rule that a judgment creditor is \line \
tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 entitled to execution of a final and executory
judgment against a party especially if that party failed to \line \tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 appeal. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb249\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw-3\charscalex100 Perfection of appeal (Sec 9, 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs14
st\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 and 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs14 nd\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf3\f4\fs22 pars) \par\pard\li1584\sb12\sl-253\slmult0\fi811\tx5776 \up0 \
expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Notice of Appeal\tab \up0 \e
xpndtw-3\charscalex100 Record on Appeal\par\pard\li1584\sb6\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\t
x5008 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Upon filing of n
otice of appeal in\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Over the the subject matter
, upon\par\pard\li1584\sb0\sl-249\slmult0\fi0\tx5008 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 due time\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 approval of the record on appeal\p
ar\pard\li720\sb1\sl-250\slmult0\fi4287 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 filed in d
ue time\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb4\sl-253\slmult0\fi0
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Loss of jurisdiction (Sec 9, 3\ul0\nosupersub\cf19
\f20\fs14 rd\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 and 4\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs14 th\u
l0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 pars)\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw48
48\colsr160\colno2\colw7092\colsr160\ql \li2396\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Notice of Appeal\par\pard\qj \li158
4\ri36\sb15\sl-247\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\
fs22 Upon perfection of the appeals filed \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 in
due time \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 and\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 the expira
tion of the \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 time to appeal of the other part
ies\par\pard\column \ql \li788\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Record on Appeal\par\pard\qj \li20\ri3887\sb16\sl-24
6\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Only over th
e subject matter, upon \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 approval of the recor
ds on appeal \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 filed in due time \ul0\nosupers

ub\cf4\f5\fs22 and \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 the expiration \line \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 of time to appeal of the other parties \par\pard\sect\sectd\sb
knone \qj \li720\ri1421\sb228\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Resid
ual powers (Sec 9, 5\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs14 th\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
par) - ordinarily the court would no longer have jurisdiction because the appea
l is already \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 perfected, but: \par\pard\qj \li1440\
ri3444\sb37\sl-240\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Pr
ior to the transmittal of the original record or record on appeal, the court may
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 IAPOA \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri1132\sb20\
2 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 I\ul0\nosupersub\c
f3\f4\fs22 ssue orders for the protection and protection of the rights of the pa
rties which do not involve any \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 matter li
tigated by the appeal, \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
supersub\cf4\f5\fs22 A\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 pprove compromises, \par\par
f11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 P\ul0\n
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 ermit appeals of indigent litigants, \par\pard\qj \li2161\
ri3680\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12
\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 O\ul0\nosupers
ub\cf3\f4\fs22 rder execution pending appeal in accordance with sec 2 of Rule 39
, \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\c
f5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 A\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 llow with
drawal of the appeal \par\pard\ql \li720\sb208\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 Dismissal of appeal (Sec 13) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb7\sl-253\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
3\f4\fs22 late filing \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 non-pa
yment of docket and other lawful fees \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri646\sb33\sl-250\slm
ult0\tx1440\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Prior to the tran
smittal of the original record or the record on appeal to the appellate court, t
he trial court may, motu \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 proprio or on m
otion, dismiss the appeal for having been taken out of time or for non-payment o
f the docket and \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 other lawful fees with
in the reglementary period. \par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb
0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slm
ult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\par
d\li720\sb154\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul
0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 58\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f
3\fs24 66
}
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}
dtw-3\charscalex100 Petition for Review\par\pard\ql \li6103\sb251\sl-276\slmult0

\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 Rule 42 \par\pard\ql
\li5915\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 RTC to CA \par\pard\ql
\li5728\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\
fs24 (Sections 1 to 8) \par\pard\qj \li720\ri4634\sb225\sl-280\slmult0\tx1080 \u
p0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Appeal from RTC decision
rendered in the exercise of its appellate jurisdiction \line\tab \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Ross Rica Sales Center, Inc. vs. Ong\ul0\nosupersu
b\cf12\f13\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (467 SCRA 35) \par\pard\ql \li2161\
ri768\sb7\sl-248\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-2\char
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Since the unlawful detainer case was filed with the MTC and
affirmed by the RTC, respondents should \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
have filed a Petition for Review with the CA and not a Notice of Appeal with the
RTC. However, this \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 has been remedied b
y the timely filing of the MR on the following day. Sec 3, Rule 50 allows the \l
ine \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 withdrawal of appeal at any time, as a ma
tter of right, before the filing of the appellee\u8216?s brief. Applying \line \
tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 this rule contextually, the filing of the MR m
ay be deemed as an effective withdrawal of the defective \line \tab \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 Notice of Appeal. \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb0\sl-239\slmult0 \up0
fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Re: invoking People vs. De la Cruz which hel
d that once notice of appeal is filed, it cannot be validly \par\pard\ql \li2521
\ri538\sb0\sl-246\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 withdrawn to give way to
a MR: People vs. De la Cruz is a criminal case governed by criminal procedure.
\line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 In the case at bar, a petition for review b
efore the CA is the proper mode of appeal from a decision of \line \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 the RTC. Since the filing of the notice of appeal is erroneous,
it is considered as if no appeal was \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 interp
osed. \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri584\sb23\sl-255\slmult0\tx1440\tx1440\tx1440 \up0 \
f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Party desiring to appeal from an RTC decis
ion rendered in the exercise of its appellate jurisdiction may file a verified \
line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 petition for review with the CA, paying a
t the same time to the CA clerk of court the corresponding docket and other \lin
e \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 lawful fees, depositing 500 for costs and f
urnishing the RTC and adverse party with a copy of the petition \line \up0 \expn
s22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Petition shall be filed and served within 15 d
ays from notice of decision sought to be reviewed or of denial of \line \tab \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 petitioner\u8216?s MNT or MR filed in due time after
judgment \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb47\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\cf3\f4\fs22 Upon proper motion and payment of full amount of docket and other
lawful fees and deposit for costs before \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-237\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 expiration of reglementary period, CA may grant a
dditional 15 days only within which to file the petition for review \par\pard\ql
7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 No furt
her extension shall be granted except for the most compelling reason and in no c
ase to exceed 15 days. \par\pard\ql \li778\sb227\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 Pure questions of law may be raised (Sec 2) \par\pard\ql \li1080\s
b47\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Macawiwili Gold M
ining and Devt. Co, Inc. vs. CA\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
3\f4\fs22 (297 SCRA 602) \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3
nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Summary of rules on appeal from judgments of the RTC in
civil cases: \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri901\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw

-3\charscalex100 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Or
iginal jurisdiction - in all cases decided by the RTC in the exercise of their o
riginal jurisdiction, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 appeal may be made
to: \par\pard\ql \li3241\ri673\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx3601 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 CA - where
appellant raises questions of fact or mixed questions of fact and law, by filing
a \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 mere notice of appeal. \par\pard\ql \
li3241\ri985\sb1\sl-240\slmult0\tx3601 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 b.\ul0\nosu
persub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 SC - where the appellant solely
raises questions of law, by filing a petition for review on \line\tab \up0 \exp
ndtw-3\charscalex100 certiorari under Rule 45 \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb10\sl-253\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 Appellate jurisdiction \par\pard\qj \li3241\ri543\sb0\sl-250\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 All appeals from judgments rendered by the
RTC in the exercise of their appellate jurisdiction, \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 whether the appellant raises questions of fact, of law, or mixed questions of
fact and law, shall be \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 by filing a petition for r
eview under Rule 42. \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri3150\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \
f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Exceptions when questions of law allowed t
o CA: Rule 42, Sec 2 and Rule 43, Sec 3 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosup
22 Section 2 - Form and contents: \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-226\slmult0 \up0
s22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Filed in 7 legible copies \par\pard\qj \li180
0\ri3860\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f
12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Original cop
y intended for the court indicated as such by the petitioner \up0 \expndtw-4\cha
persub\cf3\f4\fs22 Shall: \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri561\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx2881
\up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
3\f4\fs22 State full names of parties to the case, without impleading the lowe
r courts or judges thereof either as \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 pet
itioners or respondents; \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb3\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4
\charscalex100 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Indic
ate specific material dates showing it was filed on time \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri
527\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx2881\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 c.\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Set forth concisely a statement
of the matters involved, the issues raised, the specification of errors of \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 fact or law, or both, allegedly committed by
the RTC, and the reasons or arguments relied upon for \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3
\charscalex100 the allowance of the appeal \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri730\sb0\sl-260
\slmult0\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 d.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul
0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Be accompanied by clearly legible duplicate originals
or true copies of the judgments or final orders \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charsc
alex100 of both lower courts, certified correct by the RTC clerk of court \par\p
ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 59\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2
\f3\fs24 66\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bk
mkstart Pg60}{\bkmkend Pg60}\par\pard\ql \li8408\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
2\fs24 Civil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri536\sb0\sl-248\s
lmult0\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Toget
her with the petition, submit a certification under oath that he has not thereto
fore commenced any \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 other action involvin
g the same issues in the SC, CA or different divisions thereof, or any other tri
bunal or \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 agency, if there is such other
action or proceeding, he must state the status of the same \line \up0 \expndtw
0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If he thereafter learns that a similar action or proc
eeding has been filed or is pending before the SC, the CA, \line\tab \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 or different divisions thereof, or any other tribunal or agen
cy, he undertakes to promptly inform the aforesaid \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 courts and other tribunal or agency thereof within 5 days therefrom.
\par\pard\ql \li1800\sb1\sl-247\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf3\f4\fs22 (for short, certificate of non-forum shopping) \par\pard\ql \li1440
u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 For Rules 40 to
45, never implead the court, judge or agency as parties - they aren\u8216?t par
ties to the case! \par\pard\ql \li720\sb227\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 Effect of failure to comply with requirements (Sec 3) \par\pard\ql \li1
080\ri778\sb30\sl-250\slmult0\tx1440\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\n
4\fs22 The failure of the petitioner to comply with any of the requirements reg
arding the payment of the docket and other \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 lawful fees, the deposit for costs, proof of service of the petition, and the
contents of and the documents which \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 sh
ould accompany the petition shall be sufficient ground for the dismissal thereof
. \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb28\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\no
\fs22 Sufficient ground - court has discretion to decide what constitutes suffi
cient ground \par\pard\ql \li720\sb247\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 Action by court (Sec 4) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 R
equire filing of comment or \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 D
ismiss petition outright \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3
\charscalex100 PPQ \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\char
nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 P\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 atently\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\
f5\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 without merit \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb27\sl253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\u
l0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 P\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\
fs22 rosecuted manifestly for delay \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up
f5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Q\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 uestions r
aised therein are too unsubstantial to require consideration \par\pard\ql \li720
\sb247\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 When petition given due cour
se (Sec 6) \par\pard\qj \li720\ri1452\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw-3\
ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Prima facie finding that court or agency committed e
rrors of fact or law warranting reversal or modification \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 Petition dismissed for late filing after finding the same prima facie mer
itorious \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\cf4\f5\fs22 Ditching vs. CA\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (263 SCRA 343) \par\pa
rd\ql \li2161\ri832\sb0\sl-246\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\char
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 A motion for extension of time to file a petition should be
filed prior to the expiration or lapse of the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 period fixed by law, and if the motion is filed after the expiration of th
e period sought to be extended, \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 then th
ere is no longer any period to extend, and the judgment or order to be appealed
from will have \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 become final and executo
ry. \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb2\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\n
2 The respondent court cannot be faulted for stating that the petition filed w
ith it was prima facie \par\pard\qj \li2521\ri609\sb0\sl-250\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 meritorious, only to dismiss it thereafter for being filed ou
t of time. Where no timely appeal was taken, \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the j
udgment becomes final, and the legality of the allowance of the appeal may be ra
ised at any stage of \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the proceedings in the appell
ate court. Respondent court was not precluded from dismissing the petition \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 on the ground that it was filed late, inasmuch as the r
ecognition of the merit of the petition did not carry \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 with it any assumption or conclusion that it was timely filed. \par\pard\ql
\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Clerk of
court has the duty to inform the ponente w/n there are technical defects which w
arrant dismissal \par\pard\ql \li720\sb227\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 Perfection of appeal (Sec 8, 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs14 st\ul0\nosup
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 par) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri953\sb5\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expn
s22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Upon the timely filing of a petition for revie
w and the payment of the corresponding docket and other lawful fees \up0 \expndt
2 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Different from Rule 41 in the manner of perfecti
on \par\pard\ql \li720\sb3\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Loss of
jurisdiction (Sec 8, 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs14 nd\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs2
2 par) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri1749\sb5\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Upon perfection of the appeals filed in due time and the expi
ration of the time to appeal of other parties \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0
\f4\fs22 Same as Rule 41 \par\pard\ql \li720\ri4424\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440 \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Residual powers (Sec 8, 3\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\f
s14 rd\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 par) \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
IAPOA \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1251\sb18\sl-260\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 I\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 ssue orders for the protec
tion and protection of the rights of the parties which do not involve any matter
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 litigated by the appeal, \par\pard\ql \
fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 A\ul0\nos
upersub\cf3\f4\fs22 pprove compromises, \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb27\sl-253\slmult0
ub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 P\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 ermit
appeals of indigent litigants, \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri4403\sb5\sl-280\slmult0 \u
cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 O\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 rder exec
ution pending appeal in accordance with sec 2 of Rule 39, \up0 \expndtw-4\charsc
supersub\cf4\f5\fs22 A\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 llow withdrawal of the appeal
\par\pard\li720\sb165\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 60\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf2\f3\fs24 66\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl240{\bkmkstart Pg61}{\bkmkend Pg61}\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\l
i720\sb202\sl-276\slmult0\fi7687 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f1\f2\fs24 Civil Procedure | Justice de Leon\par\pard\li720\sb1\sl-244\slmult0\f
i0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Effect of appeal (S
ec 8, 4\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs14 th\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 par)\par\par
d\ql \li1440\ri3281\sb4\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 General Rul
e: shall STAY judgment or final order \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Except
ions: \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 a.\
ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Civil cases decided un
der the Rule on Summary Procedure \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \

expndtw-1\charscalex100 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs
22 When CA, law or Rules of Court provide otherwise \par\pard\ql \li5786\sb251\
sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 Rule 43
\par\pard\ql \li4619\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Quasi-Jud
icial Agencies to CA \par\pard\ql \li5310\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 (Sections 1 to 13) \par\pard\ql \li720\sb
243\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Sco
pe (Sec 1) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
ub\cf3\f4\fs22 Rule applies to appeals from judgments or final orders of the CT
A and from awards, judgments, final orders or \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri807\sb0\sl240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 resolutions of or authorized by any qu
asi-judicial agency in the exercise of its quasi-judicial functions. Among these
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 agencies are:\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\c
olno1\colw5511\colsr160\colno2\colw6429\colsr160\ql \li1440\sb21\sl-253\slmult0
\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Civil Service Commission\par\pard\qj \li
1440\ri414\sb0\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11
\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Central Bo
ard of Assessment Appeals \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12
\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Securities and
Exchange Commission \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22
o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Office of the Presi
dent\par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-239\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\n
2 Land Registration Authority\par\pard\qj \li1440\ri779\sb7\sl-244\slmult0 \up
\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Social Security Commission (SSS) \up0 \expn
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Civil Aeronautics Board\par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl
-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\no
supersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Bureau of Patents\par\pard\q
j \li1440\ri301\sb0\sl-247\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Trade
marks and Technology Transfer \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11
\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 National E
lectrification Administration \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11
\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Energy Reg
ulatory Board\par\pard\ql \li1080\sb41\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex1
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 List not exclusive\par\pard\ql \li1080\sb25\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Fabian vs. Desierto\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f
4\fs22 (295 SCRA 440)\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb21\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 National Telecommunications Commission\par\pard\qj
\li20\ri2321\sb0\sl-249\slmult0\tx390 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 De
partment of Agrarian Reform under RA \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 No.
6657 (CARP)\par\pard\qj \li20\ri2612\sb0\sl-247\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
lex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf3\f4\fs22 Government Service Insurance System \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
f3\f4\fs22 Employees Compensation Commission \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul
fs22 Agricultural Inventions Board\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \
22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Insurance Commission\par\pard\qj \li20\ri2635\
sb6\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Philippine Atomic Ene

rgy Commission \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0
\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Board of Investments\par\
pard\qj \li20\ri1963\sb7\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosup
Construction Industry Arbitration Commission \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\
22 Voluntary arbitrators authorized by law \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \l
i2161\sb2\sl-241\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\
fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Section 27 of R
A 6770 (Ombudsman Act of 1989) is involved only whenever an appeal by certiorari
\par\pard\ql \li2521\ri773\sb0\sl-250\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 und
er Rule 45 is taken from a decision in an administrative disciplinary action - i
t cannot be taken into \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 account where an original a
ction for certiorari under Rule 65 is resorted to as a remedy for judicial \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 review, such as from an incident in a criminal action.
\par\pard\ql \li2161\ri727\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\char
ersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Whenever the legislature intends that the decisions or resol
utions of the quasi-judicial agency shall be \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 reviewable by the SC or CA, a specific provision to that effect is included
in the law creating that quasi-\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 judicia
l agency and, for that matter, any special statutory court. \par\pard\ql \li2161
\ri579\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul
fs22 Appeals from judgments and final orders of quasi-judicial agencies are no
w required to be brought to the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 CA on a
verified petition for review, under the requirements and conditions in Rule 43 w
hich was \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 precisely formulated and adopt
ed to provide for a uniform rule of appellate procedure for quasi-judicial \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 agencies. \par\pard\qj \li2161\ri764\sb0\sl240\slmult0\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Appeals from decision
s of the Office of the Ombudsman in administrative disciplinary cases should be
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 taken to the CA under the provisions of
Rule 43. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-225\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 O
mbudsman criminal cases - Supreme Court via Rule 65 \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb32\sl
ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Garcia-Rueda vs. Pascas
io\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (278 SCRA 269) \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri601\sb0\sl250\slmult0\tx2881\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12
\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 While the Ombu
dsman has the full discretion to determine whether or not a criminal case should
be \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 filed, the SC is not precluded from
reviewing the Ombudsman\u8216?s action when there is an abuse of \line \tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 discretion. \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri417\sb0\sl-250\slmu
lt0\tx2881\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\
ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Being the proper inves
tigating authority with respect to misfeasance, non-feasance and malfeasance \li
ne\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of public officials, the Ombudsman should h
ave been more vigilant and assiduous in determining the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 reasons behind the \u8213?buckpassing\u8214? to ensure that no
irregularity took place. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb1\sl-213\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 Cases not covered (Sec 2) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri2419\sb12\sl-280\
osupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Rule shall not apply to judg
ments or final orders issued under the Labor Code of the Philippines \up0 \expnd
22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 St. Martin Funeral Home vs. NLRC\ul0\nosupersub
\cf3\f4\fs22 (295 SCRA 494) \par\pard\ql \li2161\ri587\sb14\sl-240\slmult0\tx25

persub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The Court feels that it is now
exigent and opportune to re-examine the functional validity and systemic \line\
tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 practicability of the mode of judicial review
it has long adopted and still follows with respect to decisions \line \tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 of the NLRC. The increasing number of labor disputes th
at find their way to the SC and the legislative \par\pard\li720\sb232\sl-276\slm
ult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Sua
rez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24
61\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66
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pndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 changes introduced over the ye
ars into the provisions of the Labor Code and the Judiciary \par\pard\ql \li2161
\ri476\sb17\sl-246\slmult0\fi360\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 Reorganization Act of 1980 now stridently call for and warrant
a reassessment of that procedural aspect. \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\no
Sec 9(3) of BP 129 now grants exclusive appellate jurisdiction to the CA over
all final adjudications of the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 RTC and
quasi-judicial agencies generally or specifically referred therein except, among
others, \u8213?those \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 falling within th
e appellate jurisdiction of the SC in accordance with x x x the Labor Code x x x
.\u8214? This \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 contradicts what has been
ruled and said all along that appeal does not lie from decisions of the NLRC. \
line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Yet, under such excepting clause literal
ly construed, the appeal from the NLRC cannot be brought to the \line \tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 CA, but to the SC by necessary implication. \par\pard\q
There are no cases in the Labor Code the decisions, resolutions, orders or awa
rds wherein are within the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 appellate jur
isdiction of the SC or of any other court for that matter. \par\pard\ql \li2161\
ri821\sb0\sl-246\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0
s22 Ever since appeals from the NLRC to the SC were eliminated, the legislativ
e intendment was that the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 special civil
action of certiorari was and still is the proper vehicle for judicial review of
decisions of the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 NLRC. Appeals by certi
orari and the original action for certiorari are both modes of judicial review \
line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 addressed to the appellate courts. \par\
pard\ql \li2161\ri852\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
\cf3\f4\fs22 All references in the amended Section 9 of BP 129 to supposed app
eals from the NLRC to the SC are \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 interpr
eted and hereby declared to mean and refer to petitions for certiorari under Rul
e 65 -\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 consequently, all such petitions
should henceforth be initially filed in the CA. \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb44\sl-253
nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 What cannot be appealed can
still be reviewed! \par\pard\ql \li720\ri1094\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\tx1080 \up0 \e
xpndtw-4\charscalex100 Decisions of Secretary of Labor and Director of Bureau of
Labor Relations - petition for certiorari to CA under Rule 65 \up0 \expndtw-2\c
harscalex100 Decisions of DOJ secretary in petitions for review prosecutors\u821
6? resolutions - petition for certiorari to CA under Rule 65 \line\tab \up0 \exp
fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Santos vs. Go\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (47
3 SCRA 350) \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb1\sl-213\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
3\f4\fs22 Rule 43 clearly shows that it governs appeals to the CA from decisio
ns and final orders of the CTA or \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri502\sb21\sl-245\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 quasi-judicial agencies in the exercise of their
quasi-judicial functions. The DOJ is not among the agencies \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 enumerated in Sec 1, Rule 43. \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 Inclusio u
nius est exclusio alterius.\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 We cannot agree with pet
itioners\u8216? \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 submission that a preliminar
y investigation is a quasi-judicial proceeding and that the DOJ is a quasi-\line
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 judicial agency exercising a quasi-judicial funct
ion when it reviews the findings of a public prosecutor \line \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 regarding the presence of probable cause. \par\pard\ql \li2161\ri686
\sb15\sl-246\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
Since the DOJ is not a quasi-judicial body and it is not one of those agencies
whose decisions, orders or \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 resolutions
are appealable to the CA under Rule 43, the resolution of the Secretary of Justi
ce finding \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 probable cause to indict pet
itioners for estafa is, therefore, not appealable to the CA via a petition for \
line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 review under Rule 43. \par\pard\ql \li72
0\ri3652\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\tx1080 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Not applicable
where there is error of jurisdiction \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul
4\f5\fs22 Fortich vs. Corona\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (289 SCRA 624) \par\pa
f11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Error o

f judgment and error of jurisdiction compared: \par\pard\li6372\sb12\sl-253\slmu
lt0\fi0\tx9229 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Error o
f Judgment\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Error of Jurisdiction\par\pard\li32
84\sb40\sl-253\slmult0\fi5618 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\
f4\fs22 Act complained of was issued\par\pard\li3284\sb1\sl-243\slmult0\fi5565 \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 by the court, officer or a quasi-\par\pard\sect\sec
td\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw6207\colsr160\colno2\colw2304\colsr160\colno3\colw32
79\colsr160\ql \li3284\sb244\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 When committed\par\pard\ql \li2847\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par
\pard\ql \li2847\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2847\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par
\pard\ql \li2847\sb20\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 How reviewabl
e/corrected\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb124\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In the exercise of its\par\pard\ql \li404\s
b0\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 jurisdiction\par\pard\ql \li6818
\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6818\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li471\
sb150\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 By appeal\par\pard\column \ql
\li241\sb1\sl-250\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 judicial body without o
r in\par\pard\ql \li20\ri510\sb0\sl-249\slmult0\fi96\tx251 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 excess of jurisdiction, or with \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 grave abu
se of discretion which \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 is tantamount to
lack or in\par\pard\ql \li476\sb1\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 e
xcess of jurisdiction\par\pard\ql \li644\sb38\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 Writ of certiorari \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li2161\ri431\sb1
0\sl-246\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Re
medy prescribed in Rule 43 is inapplicable where the petition contains an allega
tion that the challenged \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 resolution is \
u8213?patently illegal\u8214? and was issued with \u8213?grave abuse of discreti
on\u8214? and \u8213?beyond the public \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
respondent\u8216?s jurisdiction\u8214? when said resolution substantially modifi
ed the earlier decision which had long \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
become final and executory \par\pard\ql \li720\sb249\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 Where to appeal (Sec 3) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri569\sb38\sl-240
2?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Court of Appeals, wi
thin the period and in the manner provided whether the appeal involves questions
of fact, of law, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 or mixed questions of
fact and law \par\pard\ql \li720\ri4052\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw-3
\charscalex100 Pure questions of law may be raised \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 Period of appeal (Sec 4) \par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li72
0\sb216\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosu
persub\cf2\f3\fs24 62\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24
66
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vil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri508\sb26\sl-250\slmult0\t
x1440\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\

ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Within 15 days from not
ice of the award, judgment, final order or resolution, or from the date of its l
ast publication, if \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 publication is requi
red by law for its effectivity, or of the denial of the petitioner\u8216?s MNT o
r MR duly filed in \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 accordance with the
governing law of the court or agency \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 a quo \par\pa
cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 On
ly 1 MR allowed \par\pard\ql \li720\ri650\sb27\sl-253\slmult0\fi360\tx1440\tx108
sub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Upon proper motion and the payment
of the full amount of the docket fee before the expiration of the reglementary
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 period, the CA may grant an additional p
eriod of 15 days only within which to file the petition for review \line \tab \u
cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 No further extension shall be granted
except for the most compelling reason and in no case to exceed 15 days \line \up
0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 How appeal taken (Sec 5) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri765\s
s22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 By filing
a verified petition for review in 7 legible copies with the CA, with proof of se
rvice of a copy thereof on the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 adverse p
arty and on the court or agency \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 a quo \par\pard\ql
7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Origina
l copy of the petition intended for the CA shall be indicated as such by the pet
itioner \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri1141\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
l0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Upon filing of the petition, petitioner shall pay to
the CA clerk of court the docketing and other lawful fees and \line\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-4\charscalex100 deposit P500 for costs \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri967\sb40\sl240\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Exemption from pa
yment of docketing and other lawful fees and the deposit for costs may be grante
d by the CA \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 upon a verified motion setti
ng forth valid grounds therefor \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri573\sb20\sl-240\slmult0\t
ub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If the CA denies the motion, the p
etitioner shall pay the docketing and other lawful fees and deposit for costs \l
ine\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 within 15 days from notice of denial \par\
pard\ql \li720\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Form and content
s (Sec 6) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb50\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
b\cf3\f4\fs22 The petition for review shall: \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri1294\sb0\sl
-240\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Full names of the parties to the case, without im
pleading the court or agencies either as petitioners or \line\tab \up0 \expndtw4\charscalex100 respondents; \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb3\sl-235\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 C
oncise statement of facts and issues involved and the grounds relied upon for th
e review; \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri644\sb13\sl-250\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \exp
ndtw-4\charscalex100 c.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
Be accomplished by a clearly legible duplicate original or a certified true co
py of the award, judgment, final \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 order o
r resolution appealed from, together with certified true copies of such material
portions of the record \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 referred to the
rein and such other supporting papers; \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb0\sl-239\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 d.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\
f4\fs22 Contain a sworn certification against forum shopping as provided in the
last paragraph of sec 2, Rule 42 \par\pard\ql \li720\ri2539\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\

fi1080 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 e.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 State the specific material dates showing that it was filed wi
thin the period fixed herein \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Effect of failure to
comply with requirements (Sec 7) - sufficient ground for dismissal \line \up0 \e
xpndtw-4\charscalex100 Action by court (Sec 8) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb2\sl-251\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 Require filing of comment not a motion to dismiss, within 10 d
ays from notice or \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Dismiss pet
ition outright if it finds the same to be PPQ \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb30\sl-253\s
supersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 P\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
atently without merit, \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\
ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 P\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 rosecuted manifestly fo
r delay, or \par\pard\qj \li720\ri3908\sb38\sl-240\slmult0\fi1080 \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Q\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 uestions raised there
in are too unsubstantial to require consideration \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
When petition given due course (Sec 10) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri899\sb24\sl-260\s
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Prima facie finding th
at court or agency committed errors of fact or law warranting reversal or modifi
cation of the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 award, judgment, final ord
er or resolution sought to be reviewed \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb26\sl-253\slmult0
b\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Otherwise, dismissed \par\pard\qj \l
2 Findings of fact of the court or agency concerned, when supported by substant
ial evidence, shall be binding on the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 CA
\par\pard\ql \li720\sb3\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Effect of
appeal (Sec 12) \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri4325\sb21\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 General rule: shall NOT STAY award, judgment, final order or resol
ution \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Exceptions: \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb3\sl-237\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf3\f4\fs22 when CA directs otherwise - through TRO, injunction \par\pard
\ql \li1080\ri3139\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 b.\ul
0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 when the law directs othe
rwise (additional exception) \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupe
2 Lapid vs. CA\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (334 S
CRA 738) \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri873\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\tx2881\tx2881 \up0 \expnd
ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The fact that the Ombudsman Act gives the parties t
he right to appeal from its decisions should \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 generally carry with it the stay of these decisions pending appeal, otherwi
se the essential nature of \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 these judgme
nts as being appealable would be rendered nugatory. \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri515\s
b0\sl-246\slmult0\tx2881\tx2881\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 T
he general rule is that judgments by lower courts or tribunals become executory
only after they have \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 become final and ex
ecutory, execution pending appeal being an exception to that general rule. There
\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 is no general legal principle that man
dates that all decisions of quasi-judicial agencies are immediately \line \tab \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 executory. \par\pard\li720\sb218\sl-276\slmult0\fi0
\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D
2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 63\ul0\
nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66
}
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Where the legislature has seen fit to declare th
at the decision of the quasi-judicial agency is \par\pard\qj \li2881\ri657\sb14\
sl-250\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 immediately final and executory pen
ding appeal, the law expressly so provides. Section 12, Rule 43 \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 should therefore be interpreted as mandating that the appeal will
not stay the award, judgment, final \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 order or resol
ution unless the law directs otherwise. \par\pard\ql \li4950\sb229\sl-276\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Petition for Review
on Certiorari \par\pard\ql \li6103\sb264\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 Rule 45 \par\pard\ql \li5728\sb4\sl-276\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 (Sections 1 to 9) \p
rsub\cf3\f4\fs22 What to file; from what courts (Sec 1) \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri4
567\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 CA, SB, CTA, RTC onl
y [or other courts, whenever authorized by law] \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
supersub\cf3\f4\fs22 File with the SC a verified petition for review on certior
ari \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri1337\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
b\cf3\f4\fs22 Petition may include an application for a writ of preliminary inj
unction or other provisional remedies \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper
Shall raise forth only questions of law, which must be distinctly set forth \p
b\cf3\f4\fs22 Petitioner may seek the same provisional remedies by verified mot
ion filed in the same action or proceeding \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex1
00 at any time during its pendency \par\pard\qj \li720\ri975\sb20\sl-240\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Remedies of appeal and certiorari mutually exclus
ive; Rule 45 distinguished from Rule 65; petition for certiorari treated as \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 petition for review \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri5436\sb7\sl
ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Mutually exclusive - on
ce you file one, you exclude the other \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupe
2 Distinguished:\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6245\colsr160\col
no2\colw5695\colsr160\ql \li2895\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex10
0 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Rule 45 - Petition for review on\par\pard\ql \li39
32\sb0\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 certiorari\par\pard\ql \li33
80\sb1\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 (appeal by certiorari)\par\p
cf3\f4\fs22 Involves correction of errors of judgment\par\pard\ql \li2521\sb6\sl
-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Mode of appeal\par\pard\ql \li2521\sb
251\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Petition based on question of l

aw\par\pard\ql \li2521\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb123\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Involves review of the judgment award or\par\p
ard\ql \li2521\sb0\sl-250\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 final order on t
he merits\par\pard\ql \li2521\sb252\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
Must be made within the reglementary\par\pard\ql \li2521\sb0\sl-244\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 period\par\pard\ql \li2521\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pa
rd\ql \li2521\sb125\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Stays the judgm
ent or order appealed from\par\pard\ql \li2521\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \
li2521\sb3\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Petitioner and responden
t are original\par\pard\ql \li2521\sb0\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 parties to the action, lower court or quasi-\par\pard\ql \li2521\sb1\sl-249\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 judicial agency not impleaded\par\pard\ql
\li2521\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2521\sb124\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 MR not required\par\pard\ql \li2521\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\p
ard\ql \li2521\sb123\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Court is in th
e exercise of appellate\par\pard\ql \li2521\sb0\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 jurisdiction and power of review\par\pard\ql \li1080\sb42\sl-253\sl
upersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Nunez vs. GSIS Family Bank\ul0
\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (475\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\
f13\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 SCRA 305)\par\pard\column \ql \li35\sb132\
sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Rule 65
- Petition for certiorari (special\par\pard\ql \li745\sb0\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw-3\charscalex100 civil action of certiorari)\par\pard\ql \li20\sb128\sl-2
53\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Involves er
rors of jurisdiction\par\pard\ql \li20\sb6\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 Special civil action\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1947\sb6\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw-3\charscalex100 Petition raises issues as to w/n the lower \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 court acted w/o jurisdiction or in excess of \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 jurisdiction or with GADALEJ\par\pard\ql \li20\ri2006\sb6\sl-249\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Directed against an interlocutory order of \li
ne \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the court where there is no appeal or any \line
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 other plain, speedy and adequate remedy \line \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Filed not later than 60 days from notice of \line \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 judgment, order or resolution appealed \line \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 from\par\pard\ql \li20\ri2101\sb12\sl-247\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 Unless a writ of preliminary injunction or \up0 \expndtw-3
\charscalex100 TRO is issued, does not stay the \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 challenged proceeding\par\pard\ql \li20\ri2105\sb13\sl-247\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw-3\charscalex100 Parties are the aggrieved party against the \up0 \expndtw-3
\charscalex100 lower court, quasi-judicial bodies and \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 prevailing party\par\pard\qj \li20\ri2211\sb9\sl-247\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3
\charscalex100 MR or MNT required. If MR or MNT \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 fi
led, period shall not be interrupted but \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 another 6
0 days shall be given to the\par\pard\ql \li20\sb2\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw4\charscalex100 petitioner\par\pard\ql \li20\sb127\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 Court exercises original jurisdiction \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkno
ne \li2161\sb1\sl-243\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The re
medies of appeal and certiorari are mutually exclusive and not alternative nor s
uccessive. The\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li2161\sb2\sl-249\slmult0\fi360 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 distinctions between Rules 45 and 65 are far and wide.
However, the most apparent is:\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li2161\sb3\sl-253\s
lmult0\fi734\tx6420 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Ru
le 45 - Petition for review on\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Rule 65 - Petit
ion for certiorari (special\par\pard\li720\sb1\sl-249\slmult0\fi3212\tx7130 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 certiorari\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 civil act
ion of certiorari)\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-245\slmult0\fi2660 \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 (appeal by certiorari)\par\pard\li720\sb8\sl-253\slmult0\fi1800\tx6405
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Involves correction o

f errors of judgment\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Involves errors of jurisd
iction\par\pard\li720\sb49\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 64\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nos
upersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66
}
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}
vil Procedure | Justice de Leon \par\pard\li2521\sb8\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx6405 \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Mode of appeal\tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 Special civil action\par\pard\ql \li2161\sb2\sl-253\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupers
ub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The SC, in accordance with the lib
eral spirit which pervades the Rules of Court and in the interest of \par\pard\q
j \li2521\ri517\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 justice, may tr
eat a petition for certiorari as having been filed under Rule 45, more so if the
same was filed \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 within the reglementary period for
filing a petition for review. \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb8\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \exp
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Records show that the petition was filed on time
both under Rules 45 and 65. Following Delsan \par\pard\qj \li2521\ri444\sb0\sl-2
60\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Transport vs. CA, the petition, strippe
d of allegations of \u8213?grave abuse of discretion,\u8214? actually avers erro
rs \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 of judgment which are the subject of a petition
for review. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb208\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 Only questions of law may be raised \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri3009\sb0\sl-280\s
lmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Questions of law and questions of fa
ct distinguished; if no questions of fact, Rule 45 petition. \line\tab \up0 \exp
fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 China Road and Bridge Corp. vs. CA\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf12\f13\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (348 SCRA 401) \par\pard\ql \li2
\f12\fs22 o \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Quest
ions of law and questions of fact distinguished: \par\pard\li3875\sb25\sl-253\sl
mult0\fi0\tx7572 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Quest
ion of law\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Question of fact\par\pard\li2881\sb
1\sl-253\slmult0\fi3673 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs2
2 Doubt or difference arises as to the truth\par\pard\li2881\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\
fi3673 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 or falsehood of facts, or when the query\pa
r\pard\li2881\sb0\sl-249\slmult0\fi3673 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 necessaril
y invites calibration of the\par\pard\li2881\sb0\sl-245\slmult0\fi3673 \up0 \exp
ndtw-3\charscalex100 whole evidence considering mainly the\par\pard\sect\sectd\s
bknone\cols2\colno1\colw6394\colsr160\colno2\colw5546\colsr160\qj \li2881\ri331\
sb0\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Doubt or controversy as to what
the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 law is on a certain state of facts\par\pard\c
olumn \ql \li20\sb1\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 credibility of
witnesses, existence and\par\pard\ql \li20\ri2053\sb0\sl-247\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 relevancy of specific surrounding \line \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 circumstances, their relation to each \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 other and to the whole and probabilities \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of the
situation \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li2521\ri641\sb2\sl-250\slmult0\tx2
881\tx2881\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o
\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Ordinarily, the d
etermination of whether an appeal involves only questions of law or both questio
ns \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of law and fact is best left to the a
ppellate court, and all doubts as to the correctness of such \line \tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 conclusions will be resolved in favour of the CA. \par\par
d\ql \li2521\ri463\sb0\sl-247\slmult0\tx2881\tx2881\tx2881\tx2881\tx2881\tx2881\
tx2881\tx2881\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22
o \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 In a motion to
dismiss based on failure to state a cause of action, there cannot be any questi
on of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 fact or \u8213?doubt or difference
as to the truth or falsehood of facts,\u8214? simply because there are no \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 findings of fact in the first place. What th
e trial court merely does is to apply the law to the facts as \line \tab \up0 \e
xpndtw-2\charscalex100 alleged in the complaint, assuming such allegations to be
true. It follows then that any appeal \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
therefrom could only raise questions of law or \u8213?doubt or controversy as to
what the law is on a \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 certain state of
facts.\u8214? Therefore, a decision dismissing a complaint based on failure to s
tate a cause \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of action necessarily prec
ludes a review of the same decision on questions of fact. One is the legal \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 and logical opposite of the other. What inev
itably arise from such a review are pure questions of law, \line \tab \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 and not questions of fact. \par\pard\ql \li2521\ri514\sb0\sl
-248\slmult0\tx2881\tx2881\tx2881\tx2881\tx2881\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The test of whether a question is one of law or of fact is n
ot the appellation given to such question \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex10
0 by a party raising the same but whether the appellate court can determine the
issue raised without \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 reviewing or evalu
ating the evidence, in which case it is a question of law, otherwise it is a que
stion of \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 fact. Applying the test to the
instant case, it is clear that private respondent raises pure questions of \lin
e \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 law which are not proper in an ordinary app
eal under Rule 41, but should be raised by way of a \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 petition for review on certiorari under Rule 45. \par\pard\qj \li14
40\ri4400\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f
7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 SC\u821
6?s Choice: dismiss - for being the wrong remedy or remand to CA \up0 \expndtw-3
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 SC has discretion to dismiss or remand \par\pard\ql
7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 CA can
only dismiss, no discretion \par\pard\ql \li720\sb247\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 Time for filing (Sec 2) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri1269\sb38\sl-2
922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Within 15 days fro
m notice of the judgment or final order or resolution appealed from, or of the d
enial of the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 petitioner\u8216?s MNT or M
R filed in due time after notice of the judgment \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb30\sl-25
\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 On motion duly filed and s
erved, with full payment of the docket and other lawful fees and the deposit for
costs \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri559\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 before the expiration of the reglementary period, the SC may for justifiable
reasons grant an extension of 30 days only \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 within
which to file the petition \par\pard\li720\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi1440\tx2521 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 30 days only - hindi hulugan like w/ the
CA\par\pard\li720\sb4\sl-250\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Docket a
nd other lawful fees (Sec 3)\par\pard\li720\sb26\sl-253\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expn
s22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Unless he has theretofore done so, petitioner
shall pay corresponding docket and other lawful fees to the SC clerk of\par\pard
\li720\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 court and deposit
the amount P500 for costs at the time of the filing of the petition\par\pard\li7
20\sb218\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf1\f2\fs24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nos
upersub\cf2\f3\fs24 65\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs2
4 66
}
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}
ndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Proof of service (Sec 3) \par\p
f3\f4\fs22 Proof of service of a copy thereof on the lower court concerned and
on the adverse party shall be submitted together \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\chars
calex100 with the petition \par\pard\ql \li720\sb1\sl-235\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 Contents of and documents to accompany petition (Sec 4) \par\par
d\qj \li1080\ri1773\sb8\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupe
2 Filed in 18 copies, with the original copy intended for the court being indic
ated as such by the petitioner \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6
\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Shall
: \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri746\sb0\sl-260\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscale
x100 a.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 State the full
name of the appealing party as petitioner and adverse party as respondent, with
out impleading \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 the lower courts or judge
s thereof either as petitioners or respondents; \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri975\sb0\s
l-260\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Indicate material dates showing when notice of ju
dgment or final order or resolution subject thereof was \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 received, when a MNT or MR, if any, was filed and when notice of
the denial thereof was received; \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb0\sl-198\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw-3\charscalex100 c.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs
22 Set forth concisely a statement of the matters involved, and the reasons or
arguments relied on for the \par\pard\ql \li2161\sb14\sl-219\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 allowance of the petition; \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri725\sb24\s
l-240\slmult0\tx2161\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 d.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\
f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Be accompanied by a clearly legible duplic
ate original, or a certified true copy of the judgment or final order \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 or resolution certified by the clerk of the court
a quo and the requisite number of plain copies thereof, and \line \tab \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 such material portions of the record as would support the p
etition; and \par\pard\qj \li720\ri1004\sb20\sl-240\slmult0\fi1080 \up0 \expndtw
-4\charscalex100 e.\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Co
ntain a sworn certification against forum shopping as provided in the last parag
raph of sec 2, Rule 42. \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Effect of failure to compl
y with requirements (Sec 5, par 1) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb30\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Sufficient ground for dismissal \par\par
d\ql \li720\ri4290\sb18\sl-240\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Deni
al motu proprio (Sec 5, par 2) \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 W(P)PQ \p
2 (\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 P\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 atently)\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf4\f5\fs22 W\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 ithout merit, or is \par\pard\ql
\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 P\ul0\no
supersub\cf3\f4\fs22 rosecuted manifestly for delay, or \par\pard\qj \li720\ri46
36\sb5\sl-280\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7
\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Q\ul0\no
supersub\cf3\f4\fs22 uestions raised therein are too unsubstantial to require co
nsideration \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\u
l0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Dismissal - technical de
fects \par\pard\ql \li720\sb23\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\
f4\fs22 Denial - on merits \par\pard\ql \li720\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 Review discretionary (Sec 6) \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri3156\sb41\s
l-240\slmult0\tx1800 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \
u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Not a matter of
right but of sound judicial discretion \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
f4\fs22 Ordinary appeal is a matter of right \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb50\sl-253\
osupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Granted only when there are
special and important reasons \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri1203\sb2\sl-260\slmult0\tx1
ersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The following, while neither con
trolling nor fully measuring the court\u8216?s discretion, indicate the characte
r of the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 reasons which will be considere
d: \par\pard\ql \li720\ri761\sb0\sl-250\slmult0\fi1080\tx2161\tx1800\tx2161 \up0
fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 When the court a quo has decided a question
of substance, not theretofore determined by the SC, or has \line\tab \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 decided it in a way probably not in accord with law or with t
he applicable decisions of the SC; or \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \
4\fs22 When the court a quo has so far departed from the accepted and usual co
urse of judicial proceedings, or so \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 far
sanctioned such departure by a lower court, as to call for an exercise of the p
ower of supervision. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Pleadings and document
s that may be required (Sec 7) \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri5422\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \u

cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 to determine whether to dismiss or den
y petition under Sec 5 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22
\u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 where petitio
n given due course under Sec 8 \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri855\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx2
161 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub
\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 SC may require elevation of the comp
lete record of the case or specified parts thereof within 15 days from \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 notice (Sec 8) \par\pard\ql \li1080\ri824\sb25\sl
-246\slmult0\tx1440\tx1440\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 SC
may require or allow the filing of pleadings, briefs, memoranda or documents as
it may deem necessary within \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 such perio
ds and under such conditions as it may consider appropriate, and impose the corr
esponding sanctions in \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 case of non-fili
ng or unauthorized filing of such pleadings and documents or non-compliance with
the conditions \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 therefor. \par\pard\ql
\li720\sb9\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Rule applicable to both
civil and criminal cases (Sec 9) \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \
f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Except in criminal cases where the penalty
imposed is death, reclusion perpetua or life imprisonment \par\pard\li720\sb0\s
l-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult
0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\l
i720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb37\sl
-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs
24 K Suarez | 2D 2008\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page \ul0\nosupersub\cf2
\f3\fs24 66\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 66\par\pa
rd\sect\sectd\fs24}

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ab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 instrumentalities for the administration of pub

persub\cf3\f4\fs22 The protection and enforcement of constitutional rights, pl

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May be agreed upon by the parties \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\n

cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Waivab

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: \par\pard\ql \li3241\sb0\sl-231\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1.\ul0\n

f3\f4\fs22 Real\par\pard\qj \li2703\ri4635\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\c

Commencement of action \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb27\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3

ne \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 awards a claim not specified in the pleadi

ex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersu

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slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Remedy against splitting a single cause of

RA 450) \par\pard\ql \li2881\ri771\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\tx3241\tx3241\tx3241 \up0

osupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 However, the non-joinder of

\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 \u-3922?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3

ard\ql \li1080\sb1\sl-238\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 4.\ul0\nosupersu

for support or \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 legal separation \par\par

tw-2\charscalex100 not be enforced against the executor or administrator, remedy

binding. \par\pard\ql \li2161\ri658\sb20\sl-240\slmult0\tx2521\tx2521 \up0 \exp

2?\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Action may be contin

sub\cf3\f4\fs22 Resides - place of abode, whether permanent or temporary, of th

l-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 Pleading

\sn geoRight}{\sv 10}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 9}}

\sn geoRight}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 250}}