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PID ENHANCEMENTS
THERE ARE SEVERAL APPROACHES FOR PID CONTROLLERS TO HANDLE EACH OF THESE PROBLEMS
INFERENTIAL CONTROL
USES EASILY MEASURE PROCESS VARIABLES (T, P, F) TO INFER MORE DIFFICULT TO MEASURE QUANTITIES SUCH AS COMPOSITIONS AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT. CAN SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCE ANALYZER DELAY. CAN BE MUCH LESS EXPENSIVE IN TERMS OF CAPITAL AND OPERATING COSTS. CAN PROVIDE MEASUREMENTS THAT ARE NOT AVAILABLE ANY OTHER WAY
INFERENTIAL CONTROL
MEASURES A VARIABLE USING AN INDIRECT METHOD USED WHEN
IT IS NOT PRACTICAL TO MEASURE THE TARGET VARIABLE EXCESSIVE COST FOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT TO DIRECTLY MEASURE THE VARIABLE EXCESSIVE DOWNTIME IN A TARGET VARIABLE SENSOR THERE IS AN INFERENTIAL VARIABLE AVAILABLE
INFERENTIAL CONTROL
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INFERENTIAL VARIABLE IT MUST BE CLOSELY RELATED TO THE TARGET VARIABLE IT MUST NOT BE AFFECTED BY CHANGES IN THE PROCESS CONDITIONS DYNAMICS ARE ADEQUATE FOR FEEDBACK CONTROL
INFERENTIAL CONTROL
CORRECTIONS TO INFERENTIAL CONTROL VARIABLE CAN USE A CASCADE CONTROL SOURCE CAN BE MANUALLY ADJUSTED
INFERENTIAL CONTROL
EXAMPLE USING TEMPERATURE TO CONTROL COMPOSITION FOR ISOBARIC FLASH Vapor
PC
Product
Flash Tank
LC
Liquid Product
INFERENTIAL CONTROL
EXAMPLE USING TEMPERATURE TO CONTROL COMPOSITION FOR ISOBARIC FLASH CONTROLS COMPOSITION BASED ON FLASH TEMPERATURE DIRECT CONTROLLED VARIABLE IS FLASH PRESSURE LEVEL IS ALSO DIRECTLY CONTROLLED
INFERENTIAL CONTROL
EXAMPLE USING TEMPERATURE TO CONTROL COMPOSITION FOR ISOBARIC FLASH HOW IS THE TEMPERATURE SETTING CHECKED FOR THIS EXAMPLE? MANUAL ANALYSIS CAN BE USED TO ADJUST A FEED FORWARD SIGNAL FROM A PROCESS ANALYZER CAN ALSO BE USED (SEE SKETCH NEXT SLIDE)
INFERENTIAL CONTROL
IT IS ASSUMED THAT THE LAG TIME FOR THE ANALYZER LOOP IS LONGER THAN THAT FOR THE TEMPERATURE LOOP. THIS ALSO WILL TAKE CARE OF ANY STEADY-STATE OFFSET FOR THE TEMPERATURE CONTROL
SetPoint Signal
PC
Vapor Product
AC
TC
Flash Tank
LC
Liquid Product
TRAY TEMPERATURE USED FOR INFERENTIAL CONTROL SHOULD SHOW STRONG SENSITIVITY
OVERRIDE/SELECT CONTROL
THIS METHOD EMPLOYS A SELECTION AMONG MULTIPLE INPUTS
IT CAN BE APPLIED TO ROUTINE CONTROL IT CAN BE USED TO IMPLEMENT EMERGENCY CONTROL
UNDER NORMAL OPERATION A LOW SELECT OR A HIGH SELECT METHOD IS USED BY THE CONTROLLER TO ADJUST THE MANIPULATED VARIABLE
OVERRIDE/SELECT CONTROL
INPUT COMES FROM TWO OR MORE CONTROLLERS TO A SECOND IN A CASCADE CONFIGURATION THE COMPARISON CONTROLLER CHOOSES THE LOWEST OR HIGHEST TO SEND TO THE ACTUATOR CONSIDER A REACTOR WITH COOLING FOR TEMPERATURE CONTROL
OVERRIDE/SELECT CONTROL
THE LOW SELECTOR TAKES THE LOWER VALUE FROM THE COMPOSITION ANALYZER AND THE REACTOR TEMPERATURE SENSOR THE LOWER VALUE IS SELECTED BECAUSE THIS ASSURES THE HIGHEST COOLING FLOW TO THE UNIT.
LS AC TC
ISOTHERMAL CSTR
OVERRIDE/SELECT CONTROL
TEXT PROVIDES SEVERAL OTHER EXAMPLES BASED ON HIGH, LOW AND COMBINED SELECTION NOTE THAT IT IS IMPORTANT FOR THE OPERATOR TO KNOW WHICH SIGNAL IS BEING USED BY THE CONTROLLER. MAY BE USED FOR LOW AND HIGH LEVEL ALARM ACTIONS
ALERTS OPERATOR TO OUT-OF-RANGE AND INITIATES CORRECTION WITHIN THE LOOP NOT INTENDED TO REPLACE SEPARATE HI-HI AND LO-LO ALARMS