How does the Human Heart compare to a Pig Heart?

Name: Nic Date: 19/2/13

Introduction:
You will need to write a short introduction (some background information) here about mammalian hearts, especially human and pig hearts. You should wait to write this introduction until later, after you have done your research. You could even wait to write your introduction until after you are completely nished with this lab. Your introduction should include some things you learned about the similarities and differences between human and pig hearts during your research. You should cite your bibliographical sources within the introduction.

This lab about Pig and Human hearts would be tough it would involve research, blood and hearts. Here is some basic info: Mammalian hearts all have 4 chambers two of which deal with oxygenated blood the other two, with non-oxygenated blood. The heart is a main function of the body, it pumps blood allover your body. In the lab we would learn how a pig heart functions both from research and from the actual lab. Many therese about the pig heart would be asked. Cutting the heart would be hard because you had to cut in certain places so you could measure certain places.

Research questions:

Nic Heywood

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:09:35 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

The purpose of this experiment is to nd out how the human heart functions and how it is similar to and different from other mammalian hearts.

You will need to write some specic research questions here. You can write these ahead of time, or as you do your research. By the end, you should know: What a human heart looks like (have a labeled diagram)

What the different measurements are for the human heart 12cm (5 inches) long 8-9cm (3.5 inches) wide 6cm (2.5 inches) front to back Around the size of your st. How the human heart functions, and how this function is similar to and different from other mammalian hearts pumps blood to the body through blood vessels, the four chambers do the same as the human hearts chambers, left for oxygen blood right for deoxygenated blood (blood with

out oxygen)
How human hearts are different from and similar to other mammalian hearts, especially pig hearts Both have muscular hearts, 4 sections The procedures for dissecting a mammalian heart, especially a pig heart, though other mammalian hearts are similar Wash and dry the heart, examine the heart to nd the apex and other part of the heart.

Place the heart in the dissecting pan so that the front of the heart is towards me, so the left atria is at the top right and the left venatical is at the bottom right Right atria upper chamber to your left Right ventricle lower chamber to your left. Use scissors to cut through the side of the pulmonary artery and continue cutting down into the wall of the right ventricle. push open the heart and wash out any blood. Using your scissors, continue to cut open the heart. Start a cut on the outside of the left atrium downward into the left ventricle cutting toward the apex to the septum at the center groove. Push open the heart at this cut with your ngers & rinse out any dried blood with water.
The names of the different parts of the mammalian heart, both inside and out aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left atrioventricular valve, aortic semilunar valve, left ventricle, caudal vena cava, right ventricle, right

Nic Heywood

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:09:35 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

atrioventricular valve, right atrium, pulmonary semilunar valve, cranial vena cava, superior vena cava

Variables:
The independent variable is: (the one variable that you will change)

Type of heart

The dependent variable is: (The variable that you are investigating)

Function and measurements of the human heart

Control Variables
The factors that you keep the same, so that the experiment is a fair test. Try and list at least 5.

Factors to be controlled: 1 Use the same knife

Reason it needs to be controlled:

How it will be controlled:

because different knives can do different cuts

BY not using any different knives

2 Parts of the heart that will be measured

Because if we all measure dif- By agreeing on parts to measure ferent parts we cant compare our answers.

Nic Heywood

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:09:35 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

3 Units that will be used Because we should use the By agreeing to use a measurement for measurements same measurements as others (cm grams) (Class mates and scientists) so we can compere. 4 Method for dissection of the pig heart

So we dont mess up and do By following the method closely something wrong when we cut and not skipping ahead. or measure.

Hypothesis:
What will happen to the dependent variable as the independent variable is changed?
How similar will the human heart you investigated be to the pig heart you are dissecting?

I think the pig heart will be similar to the human heart because both have muscular hearts with four chambers. Also The function of the heart is very similar to a humans for example, the four chambers are used for the same thing. Both a pigs and a human hearts are used to pump oxygenated blood around the body and Non oxygenated blood back to the lungs. I also think that the pig heart will be similar in size because there is a chance tat you can transplant a pig heart into a human. In my research I found some measurements for the human heart from this and other info we gathered we can make some guesses into how big a pig heart is. A humans heart weighs 300g while we think a pig heart will weigh around 200g because a pig heart has smaller chambers so it will be lighter. The depth of a human heart is 6cm while we think a pig heart is around 3.2cm because if we look on what we guessed on the weight we can guess that the depth will be slightly over half because a pig heart is more oval shaped than circular shaped.

Nic Heywood

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:09:35 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Why? See my re-

search

Nic Heywood

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:09:35 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Materials:
Diagram One: Set-up of your materials for dissecting a pigs heart:
Dissecting pan Scalpel Safety glasses Lab apron Pig heart Gloves Ruler Scalpel

Nic Heywood

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:09:35 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Method:
1 Wash and dry the pig heart 2 Measure and weigh the pig heart 3 record the measurements 4 Take a picture of the pig heart 5 Put the pig heart into the dissecting pan, make the front or ventral side is towards you
Left atria - upper chamber to your right Left ventricle - lower chamber to your right Right atria - upper chamber to your left Right ventricle - lower chamber to your left

Nic Heywood

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:09:35 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

6 Use scissors to cut through the side of the pulmonary artery and continue cutting

down into the wall of the right ventricle. 7 measure the parts in the data table. 8 push open the heart and wash out any blood. 9 Using your scissors, continue to cut open the heart. 10 Start a cut on the outside of the left atrium downward into the left ventricle cutting toward the apex to the septum at the center groove. 11 Push open the heart at this cut with your ngers & rinse out any dried blood with water.

Results:
Human Heart Weight (units) depth (units) Size 300g 6cm Pig Heart 360.85g 6cm

Nic Heywood

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:09:35 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Size

width (units) height (units

8-9cm 12cm Width of Right venatical wall 0.3cm Width left venatical wall: 5cm Width of Aorta: 5cm

8cm 15cm 1cm 3cm

Measurements: What other parts of the heart will you measure?

Part A (units) Part B (units) Part C (units)

2cm

Exterior Diagram

A labeled sketch of what the exterior of the pig heart looks like here.

Interior Diagram

A labeled sketch of what the interior of the pig heart looks like here.

Anything else you need to add that I havent included?

Nic Heywood

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:09:35 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Key: Yellow: Pig Heart Pink: Human Heart

Nic Heywood

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:09:35 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

360.85 324.765 288.68 252.595 216.51 180.425 144.34 108.255 72.17 36.085 0
Weight Of Heart

Key: Yellow: Pig Heart Pink: Human Heart

Nic Heywood

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:09:35 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Human Heart

Pig Heart

Nic Heywood

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:09:35 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

15

12

Depth

width

Hight

Nic Heywood

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:09:35 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Conclusion:

From the graph, the results show (What happens to the dependent variable as the independent variable changes?

This happens because (Consider the concepts you used in your hypothesis). This is a good place to include some diagrams if they will help explain your ideas.
The pig heart is similar to the human heart in depth and width The pig heart is heavier and higher than the human heart. I think overall the pig heart and human heart are very similar because in all the measurements it is quite close, apart from weight. The pig heart looks a lot like the human heart. The data we collected during the dissection is similar to the info we collected while researching!

s!w ith uni ts!

In my hypothesis I thought that both hearts would be similar and I was right about that the hearts are really quite similar in functions, looks and measurements. I was wrong when I thought that the human heart was heavier and deeper. As you can see from my graphs the pig heart NOTHING has the same depth as the human heart and is heavier than the human heart.

Nic Heywood

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:09:35 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Evaluation:
Table 2: Validity of the method (Was the investigation a Fair Test?)

Nic Heywood

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:09:35 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

If you were not able to control any of the control variables you listed above, how did any change in that variable affect your data?
Control variable What affect did this Degree of impact Improvement (how to x that was not have when compar- (small, medium or the problem): controlled: ing the independlarge): ent and dependent variables? 1
2 3

Nic Heywood

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:09:35 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Table 3: Reliability of the method: Were there enough trials? Did multiple trials give similar data? Are there anomalous points?
Reliability of data. The measuring instruments. Explanation (why / why not?)

Nic Heywood

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:09:35 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Reliability of data. a) Did the measuring instruments collect data that can be trusted? Yes/ No

Explanation (why / why not?) Yes because the ruler was proper school ruler so it has to be accurate!

b) Was the experiment repeated enough times? Yes/ No

No, we only had one trial so we didnt have any data to compare with. (apart form research)

c) Did the measuring instrument collect precise data? (i.e. Did the multiple trials give similar data?) Yes/ No

No, we only had 1 trial

d) was the range large enough?

Why/ Why not? No because we had 1trial o we dont a range of data!

Yes/ No

Were there any surprising results? What were they?

Yes, I really thought that the human heart would be heavier than the pig heart, but it was quite a bit lighter than the pig heart.

Nic Heywood

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:09:35 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

You are almost done! Now go back to the beginning and give your investigation a title using the dependent and independent variable.

Reference List:
1. "Circulatory System ." http://mcsd-ws.mcbarons.manheimcentral.org/. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Jan. 1929. <mcsd-ws.mcbarons.manheimcentral.org/~williamst/A 2. "Heart Dissection." Http://www.biologyjunction.com/. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2013. "Mass of a Human Heart." Hypertextbook. Ed. Glenn Elert. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Jan. 2013. Bianco, Carl. "How Your Heart Works." HowStuffWorks. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.

Nic Heywood

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:09:35 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time