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How does the human heart function?

Name: __________________ Date: ___________________

Introduction:
You will need to write a short introduction (some background information) here about mammalian hearts, especially human and pig hearts. You should wait to write this introduction until later, after you have done your research. You could even wait to write your introduction until after you are completely nished with this lab. Your introduction should include some things you learned about the similarities and differences between human and pig hearts during your research. You should cite your bibliographical sources within the introduction. Pig Heart Dissection Lab This purpose of this lab is to compare the human heart and the pig heart. I did this lab with my other three lab partners. The purpose of this lab is to compare the human heart and the pig heart. The human heart is about 5 inches long, 3.5 inches wide and 2.5 inches from front to back, and is roughly the size of your fist. The average weight of a human females heart, is 9 ounces and a male's is 10.5 ounces. The pig heart and the human heart are very similar. Your heart has 2 pumps. The right pump gets blood thats already brought its

oxygen around the body and sends that blood to the lungs so it can get more oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide.The left pump gets oxygen-rich blood and then pumps it out into the arteries to bring its oxygen around the body. We also need to dissect a pig heart. We need to measure the pig heart and we also need to measure different parts of the pig heart. It was a little bit challenging when we need to nd the different parts in the pig heart.

Celia Wong

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:24:14 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Research questions:
The purpose of this experiment is to nd out how the human heart functions and how it is similar to and different from other mammalian hearts.

You will need to write some specic research questions here. You can write these ahead of time, or as you do your research. By the end, you should know: What a human heart looks like (have a labeled diagram) What the different measurements are for the human heart
Its about 5 inches long, 3.5 inches wide and 2.5 inches from front to back, and is roughly the size of your fist. The average weight of a human females heart, is 9 ounces and a male's is 10.5 ounces. How the human heart functions, and how this function is similar to and different from other mammalian hearts Your heart has 2 pumps. The right pump gets blood thats already brought its oxygen around the body and sends that blood to the lungs so it can get more oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide.The left pump gets oxygen-rich blood and then pumps it out into the arteries to bring its oxygen around the body. How human hearts are different from and similar to other mammalian hearts, especially pig hearts? They have four chambers two upper two lower, upper is called atria and the lower parts are called ventricles. The blood starts in the Right atrium from the body then to the right ventricle to the lungs. From the lungs the blood goes to the left atrium and then to the left ventricle to the body. The human heart is bigger

The procedures for dissecting a mammalian heart, especially a pig heart, though
other mammalian hearts are similar Wash and dry the heart, examine the heart to nd the apex and other part of the heart. Place the heart in the dissecting pan so that the front of the heart is towards me, so the left atria is at the top right and the left venatical is at the bottom right Right atria upper chamber to your left Right ventricle lower chamber to your left. Use scissors to cut through the side of the pulmonary artery and continue cutting down into the wall of the right ventricle. push open the heart and wash out any blood. Using your scissors, continue to cut open the heart. Start a cut on the outside of the left atrium downward into the left ventricle cutting toward the apex to the septum at the center groove. Push open the heart at this cut with your ngers & rinse out any dried blood with water. The names of the different parts of the mammalian heart, both inside and out aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left atrioventricular valve, aortic semilunar valve, left ventricle, caudal vena cava, right ventricle, right atrioventricular valve, right atrium, pulmonary semilunar valve, cranial vena cava, superior vena cava

Celia Wong

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:24:14 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Variables:
The independent variable is: (the one variable that you will change)

pig heart

The dependent variable is: (The variable that you are investigating)

Function and measurements of the human heart

Control Variables
The factors that you keep the same, so that the experiment is a fair test. Try and list at least 5.

Factors to be controlled: 1 Use the same knife

Reason it needs to be controlled:

How it will be controlled:

because different knifes can do different cuts

By not using any different knifes

2 Parts of the heart that will be measured

Because if we all measure different parts we cant compare our answers.

By agreeing on parts to measure

3 Units that will be used Because we should use for measurements the same measurements as others (Class mates and scientists) so we can compere. 4 Method for disSo we dont mess up section of the pig and do something wrong heart when we cut or measure. 5

By agreeing to use a measurements (cm grams)

By following the method closely and not skipping ahead.

Celia Wong

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:24:14 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Hypothesis:
What will happen to the dependent variable as the independent variable is changed?
How similar will the human heart you investigated be to the pig heart you are dissecting?
I think the pig heart will be similar to the human heart because both have muscular hearts with four chambers. Also The function of the heart is very similar to a humans for example, the four chambers are used for the same thing. Both a pigs and a human hearts are used to pump oxygenated blood around the body and Non oxygenated blood back to the lungs. I also think that the pig heart will be similar in size because there is a chance tat you can transplant a pig heart into a human. In my research I found some measurements for the human heart from this and other info we gathered we can make some guesses into how big a pig heart is. A humans heart weighs 300g while we think a pig heart will weigh around 200g because a pig heart has smaller chambers so it will be lighter. The depth of a human heart is 6cm while we think a pig heart is around 3.2cm because if we look on what we guessed on the weight we can guess that the depth will be slightly over half because a pig heart is more oval shaped than circular shaped.

Why?
See my research

Celia Wong

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:24:14 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

What would that relationship look like? Try to sketch or illustrate this:

Celia Wong

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:24:14 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Double Bar Graphs:


12

=Human Heart

=Pig heart

9.6

7.2

4.8

2.4

0 300

Depth

Height

Width

240

180

120

60

Weight

Celia Wong

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:24:14 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Materials:
List of materials needed here

dissecting pan dissecting kit safety glasses lab apron pig heart gloves ruler scale

Diagram One: Set-up of your materials for dissecting a pigs heart:

Celia Wong

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:24:14 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Method:
Some things to keep in mind as your write your method: You will need to have a step-by-step procedure for dissecting your pig heart You will need a procedure for measuring the different parts of the pig heart You will also need a procedure for comparing the different parts of the pig heart to the human heart These comparisons can be made in your results table (below)

Wash and dry the heart, examine the heart to nd the apex and other part of the heart. Place the heart in the dissecting pan so that the front of the heart is towards me, so the left atria is at the top right and the left venatical is at the bottom right, Right atria upper chamber to your left, Right ventricle lower chamber to your left. Measure the weight, length, depth, and width and record it on your sheet. Measure the width of the aorta. Use scissors to cut through the side of the pulmonary artery and continue cutting down into the wall of the right ventricle. push open the heart and wash out any blood. Using your scissors, continue to cut open the heart. Measure the right ventricle wall. Start a cut on the outside of the left atrium downward into the left ventricle cutting toward the apex to the septum at the center groove. Measure the left ventricle wall. Push open the heart at this cut with your ngers & rinse out any dried blood with water.

Celia Wong

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:24:14 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Results:
Include a table for your results. The table should include: a descriptive title heading with units data is in the same units (units identied at the top of the table) units are not in the body of the table include processed data

Human Heart Weight (units) depth (units) Size width (units) height (units Measurements: What other parts of the heart will you measure? Part A (units) Part B (units) Part C (units) 300g 6cm 8cm 12cm Width of Right ventricle wall: 0.3cm Width of left ventricle wall: 5cm Width of Aorta: 5cm

Pig Heart 360.85g 6cm 8cm 15cm 1cm 3cm

2cm

Exterior Diagram

Celia Wong

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:24:14 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Interior Diagram

Celia Wong

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:24:14 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Graph 1: Measurements of the different parts of pig and human hearts (Result)
Include a graph of your results. The graph should include: a descriptive title clear and evenly marked scale y-axis labeled, including units x-axis labeled, including units appropriate type of graph drawn. Points are connected as a smooth line. clear and evenly marked scale key included when appropriate

Weight:
370

=Human Heart

=Pig Heart

296

222
Grams

148

74

Weight Category Title

Celia Wong

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:24:14 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Size:
20

16

12
Cm

Depth

Width Size

Height

\\

Celia Wong

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:24:14 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Measurements:
20

16

12
Cm

Right Ventricle

Left Ventricle

Aorta

Celia Wong

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:24:14 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Conclusion:

From the graph, the results show (What happens to the dependent variable as the independent variable changes?) . . .
The pig heart that we dissected is very similar to the human heart. In our research the human is bigger than the pig heart. After we dissected the pig heart we compared the measurements. Most of the parts in the pig heart has similar measurements with the human heart. For example, in our results the depth and the width has the same measurements as the human heart. The depth is 6cm and the width is 8cm. They were both the same. Some parts of the pig heart has similar measurements with the human heart. For example, the weight of the pig heart and the weight of the human heart are similar. The weight of the pig heart is 360.85g and the weight of the human heart is 300g. Also the the height of the pig heart and human heart are similar. The pig heart is 15cm and the human heart is 12cm. This shows that the pig heart that we dissected and the human heart that we investigated are very similar.

This happens because (Consider the concepts you used in your hypothesis). This is a good place to include some diagrams if they will help explain your ideas.
The results will be different with the hypothesis because maybe when we dissect the

pig heart we accidentally cut out a tiny little bit of the part that you decided to measure so the result will be different.

Celia Wong

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:24:14 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Evaluation:
Table 2: Validity of the method (Was the investigation a Fair Test?) If you were not able to control any of the control variables you listed above, how did any change in that variable affect your data?
Control variable What affect did this Degree of impact Improvement (how to x that was not have when compar- (small, medium or the problem): controlled: ing the independlarge): ent and dependent variables? Follow the method 1 We did not fol- Maybe we accidentally large
low the method step by step we just went thought the important steps in the method 2 3 cut of a little bit of the part we decided to cut out in the pig heart and the measurement will be wrong

Celia Wong

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:24:14 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Table 3: Reliability of the method: Were there enough trials? Did multiple trials give similar data? Are there anomalous points?
Reliability of data. Explanation (why / why not?)

The measuring instruments. Scale, ruler, dissect pen...... a) Did the measuring instruments collect data that can be trusted? Yes/ No Yes, because scientists also use these instruments to dissect pig hearts

b) Was the experiment repeated enough times? Yes/ No

No, because we are not sure if the data is correct by only doing one trial

c) Did the measuring instrument collect precise data? (i.e. Did the multiple trials give similar data?) Yes/ No

Yes, because the data was reasonable

Size of sample. d) was the range large enough? Why/ Why not? No, because we only had one trail

Yes/ No

Celia Wong

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:24:14 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Were

there any surprising results? What were they?

The pig heart is bigger than a human heart. In our hypothesis, we thought that the pig heart is bigger than the human heart. For example, the human hearts weight is 300g but the pig hearts weight is 360.85g. The pig heart was heavier

You are almost done! Now go back to the beginning and give your investigation a title using the dependent and independent variable.

Reference List:
1. "Circulatory System ." http://mcsd-ws.mcbarons.manheimcentral.org/. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Jan. 1929. <mcsd-ws.mcbarons.manheimcentral.org/~williamst/A 2. "Heart Dissection." Http://www.biologyjunction.com/. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2013. "Mass of a Human Heart." Hypertextbook. Ed. Glenn Elert. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Jan. 2013. Bianco, Carl. "How Your Heart Works." HowStuffWorks. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.

Celia Wong

Thursday, 21 February 2013 9:24:14 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

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