Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
2345789
4
54
!"#$%&!&'()"&'"!)*+ "#
",+(%"#") '* !"-*!+)#*!)!)*+"&!!)
&!((#*+"&!-.!((+&""&!!"(&!)(!!/0
1!+(*"(+#(*!"("(((-"#"")!(!(&)#"!-&'&&!'
!%%!")!' 2*!)&!""'(+"#!&-!(*""(" !(%!((,"
*"!&2!'03#"!'",+(-*(("((( 2*"!)
"!&2!'(+"#!&(2&!+((+(+"#!&&"!&4(!%%!"*!2"!)+!'$)*
(+"#!&#*"*"-"!&2!'" *05*(&"!&4(!'&!+((+"#!&
#"!(# !"!"! "!4!2!'05*(&)("#"")!(#!4"
(%!05*(%!&+(+* !"("(",&!!)*!(2
"!&*)(#0
67
894:;9
454<=
4
>5348
<
:
59
49<<
<
?
5@
23456789
6
4647436
973367845663435
3
447694
9
8
3668883
488
846668
3
973635
37
8
3
8
3788373!"#$%&'()*
%+')#+!",(-.
/
23456898
369896
228
85
688
3
35
92
5696
3
89
4
68
345633
392
5
63553
96
!"#!$%&$'&%!#"( % !)*+%#$&#%!#(,"!)-./+%#(,&##(
0#&&#"( "1"&'!#"( 2)#$)#!)&#!)%!3/4"% '#$#(!&5&%,,"'6"
%66%(!&5#7(!#$%&+%#(, $%(+86$!7!"%!!%#("8$7'(7#7(!#$%&
"6%!#(,$"(7#!#"(
9)$)%&&(,"!"'+&)""!#!"&%(!"$",(#:!)7#($+!2(
!)./4"+%#(, !)%!7#6&%50%!#%&%!#,' 6%&&#(,%(7!)0%#(#(,3/4"
+%#(, !)%!7#6&%560%!' 6%&&#(,7!"%&#;+$%'#(0%(5#(!%($
!)5&""< #0#&%!"!)'(!%#(75
9)'&!#!)%!='(!&5;!)!"'+&)""!2#&&$"($&'7!)%!!)+%#(,
%#&77'!"%7$!#(0%('%$!'"0%!#%&%(7!)""!$%'"%#&'0%5(1
+7!0#(7
9)8#!#(,&#!%!'%1%#&%+&"0+%#(,0%('%$!'%(7='#60(!
%#&'86!,(%&&5%, !)%!!)6#0%5$%' "60%!'C%(7!)"
61(!%+&D6%&&#(,""&&#(,&0(!+%#(, #($&'7 !)"&&"2#(,&#!E
.FG68
9H"#!)!)+%#(,#!&"!) )%!'6"(2)#$)!)50%5+
0"'(!7I#%&#,(0(!$%(+!%$7% !)$%'"%+"'!J/4"!)
+%<7"2(""!%!#(,0%$)#(5KL/4&"%7#($%$%'7+50#%&#,(0(!;
$%(7'$!)$%&$'&%!7+%#(,&#+5%&0"!J/4
LFM849NG349
35O698893@589
6H#($&'7#(,!)$%& '"
8$ #1"'(1()%!#(,"!)+%#(,6#"!"!)#(!($#!!#(,!"%
)%!"#(!"%)"'#(,
P)%!#='#7!"86%(7%(#((#(,;!)!06%!' )"'&7
58$7
LJJQC.LJQRDP#(7'$!#"()%!%'7;#!##06"!%(!!"00+!"
1
234567389
38335
976
9
8978558974567389
3235
976959
3
923898588
58973
43855
893
3532
3!53235
976
33783297338
948
48"#$#%&
335832572735
328345758
3
35
97678597976932
2578335832
'357572357857258
6357
5
355
3583
337895378
523437572837995797857335
97645933
29
8
438598
5329757397853235
9769579798589785783
35
97659
3
(37
397635
97678558
9785976833523583
33
2
598483325725443
5727348"#$#%&3
329
3458
3597659
357335
97698359232
)*+,%#&-&./*0&1/232&0/240&5&6#5%*"+&4/*7/&450&*"03588#9&4/*8#&:5+"#3*;#9<&&=3&>5*8#9&4*3/*"&
/2,%0&2>&21#%53*2"<&
2345679
3
763476737776
75766345634
33
2345679
3
7634376757763337575
637
37377
7763476767675677376634
737656776347634673466357
6734
733763337673757765
3637
76345677373333356637657
3567
757777637333566736
23455655789
48
888
4785
4
56683889
8764
75
5
48
8
486
4884484865578
4
485878667487
4784
66856
78
54748877
8
48
888
478488
45
88764
3889
48
745
4
5488
8
487855
4
5
6688488484
648545
5548848766
868
68
485
48785
4
5778
5878
5756877
8
78
!88764
4745
8
68
4
78
5444588844488885
4
758848
68448
86578"
8848
48
888887885
755
54
57
4
56758"
87
8
48
888
45
48
4454487
44865
87858478648458
477568
4684464
5
6
4
4
6
8787657578875
74
68"
84
3#$%&'()'*+)*,+)-'&.')/*)0&'*+)#,&$+)'(),+123'4,15$+)%669
7892)44)0&1:)';),5123<'8785
58478648
67
54
68
4
5877
6
75486
478
58786
74664
55
58
584
55
4885
8
67867548785
7867
54
8
84
8658488488
74
48848554
4
55
4
578
=74
85
4857
84
57
7488
88845687554
8
7
5848766
2345678
76 33 38 76 737 787 76348 78837 76
33 3 587 87767 6683 37 8 58 76 3 83 7 85678 3
6 3863
345678
8
678 4
8745
87 8488
745 8 8
78
5 8
678 6
8 48 674 8 4
6 88 888 4
8 8745
678
8488 8 78
4
74 4
4678
45
45 4 4
78!68 4
8 7 6744 4678
2343 5674869
8929
498964
9
229726
8
4829
8
4849826
1 9
74
49
72674869
498964982974
17467
967
96263
49896417467
967
96263
498964982974
17467
967
96263
498964982974
7467
967
96263
498964!"7467
967
96263
! 9
74
7
498964982974
!""7467
967
96263
#$%&'(&)&(*+',-(&.'(%)/*&%,&('.012&(*1*3%&)&45&31)(('6'3)%',7&'6&'%&(8,-19&:*&4;<&
&
&
"3=>7)33*0%):1*&?0*+)%'7@&4,79'%',7(A&B448972662726
C2C2
9
48497844982692
8426
444
2D4D289726D48
926D48
4426274489784
964
47829
2
9843
59729
49826
92
47449826
2494844
7E3F
26748974
44C2
84449826
2497!E3B4
4
11
3456478976
5
79
5567878
58649787894535345
53857
789453785765893639755745
!"#$%$
&
594793
79
34575978354764
578557658'
()5
47*557
6
7
5*5
+3795
59479747865437838
79445893877635
4
553478489378674+
78
+48
553478'
4338579+75
785
594794,
-.38/.,938585435
94458
37
456789
5756
98
!"#$$%"&'$!!&(!"
!!)* &''#!#+!"&&+""",
$$"$&&" "$''()* "'-"!(#(!"
!!!!.%!&"$!!!'",/%"""
$""(%!!,""$&"(&(($%!&"%")
0+"'+%""$''&&#
'%($%!!&'$!!#"!((",' #+,
.%!#'%(!%$"%"&)*!!%"'+$("+1
$"&($&.%!#,!!2(&'!!!!3&4
156789:17;<)* "'"%!!!$$%"" "%$ !"%"&
"!%$)
= "!!%"""3$"">'+%"1",'+%"
$%!!#3$&15678,!!>&'!(($
&!%$%"&)?($,'!!" > '+%!'(
%&@@67892667;<, $ +!&$'+"""!-
"%"$)
12
345678
4 7
4 8745 4678 68 44 7
878 4
8488 8745 7 8848
76 448
8 8
8 487
78
4 6 448
8 8745 84
87 48 778 7
48 4
8 75 44
878 4 8488
8 78
8 6
887678
8 678 68!" 4 7 845
8 874# 645
8
"4 4
8 78
878 4 8488 845# "445 "845
8
4
8 78 4445
88 8 78
8 887678
87 $$%3 &%'
3456789
76
9
9746
884667967996
4
6
75
7
49
7!"#$%&!$#'"$#!()'"!%*!#()+
',$$-.)
1/01"$#!2!"#379456789
47854
4
7996
78496
5
96769789
75
8
97
47
95
97
77
579
7866
8
7787
569
5
76
64
74899789
7
6
69
46
696
7
86
9
4
5
4
4
6
776
8
99778
7
69/
:/0;"!%*!#2!"#3<787
75
7
6977
69
7
8
766
9
57
76
9
6
6
9456789
=
7787
>
69
46
6
9
777867
789
?49
7
456789
646/
5
9676
@
7787
7
49
7/5
747
5
4787
97
979
969
7675
4
676
9698
49
5
9676@
7
689
5
9
67
7
9786878987
76
7
/
5
96768
4698
98
98
98
6577
79
8947696
6
967687
754
59
79
8
98
7
B9746
5
9676475
7
77
95
12
345678
12
345678
4 8745
48 68 46 845 888 87448
8 8
678 886 645 8 8 68 6
8 678
878 8
87 6745
74
4 44
8 88 68 645 4
8 75 44 8!848 7
88 4778 487 878 7 44
88 78 "8 4788
48 #$ 7 %$ 4 887678
8 7468
4 4678 68 688
445
8 674& 44 '
8 (45
8 7 68 4678
8 48 74645
68 6 8 4878
)*+,-.-/+0,123-02.-4.5.6728/+92.,402,:90;05+3-38-+/2.,*5<-/+92.,+9
9-=<-/+91/-*5>2?@A5/0-**+.3/1..2.,+9:2,:*<--3*B+.5<-/+9-7-/;->>-B927-0;
1*2.,+.+.926C-+/5/DEF520C29:+72*B5*29;/+.,-5>GHFIJKLMBH9NO-+/2.,*
/1..2.,+9:2,:-/9-=<-/+91/-*=+;/-P12/-:2,:-/72*B5*29;5205>MQBH94<+/92B10+/0;+9
:-+7;05+3*NR:-*-+<<02B+925.*=+;+0*5/-P12/-520*C29:STU-V9/-=-</-**1/-W
+332927-*NX5/+<<02B+925.*C:-/-9:-+=82-.99-=<-/+91/-*+/-+9?@5/0-**472*B5*29;
2.3-V2=</57-3520*5>GHF1Y5/JJBH9*:51038-1*-3N
Z2.2=1=52072*B5*292-*>5/05C+.3=-321=*<--38-+/2.,*+9.5/=+05<-/+92.,
9-=<-/+91/-**:5103.598-0-**9:+.1IKJ?BH9+.3.590-**9:+.I?BH9>5//5002.,
12
3435367789
73
96787833639
44
37375
5767839
63
17
875
579
63336
63
96 !"#373
64
$988333
96
8
6433
96565
57%178393
93339
45378
4
4
76783&'73437693
964
9
76
833537864
378344695
4
3
()*+,-./-0/11*23-41,5,2.-6,78*23-9*1-:;9-<*=>/=*.?-(87+,-;,1,>.*/2@ABCDEFGHDIJKALMACBNOCAJPQRSJ
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
TUVWJ TEYLWJ
Z[J
[\][J ][\^_J ^_\`[J
XBIOAJ
bcdeffg bhdefffg
iig
jiklmg
nffg
ndfg
cdopndfog hdopncfog nfkndg iiklmg
mhg
nffg
qndfog qncfog
nfg
iig
lmg
mhg
rstugvwxyzg{g|}w~gwzzggzwgzgggg
rugvwxyzgggg{gggggg|}w~gwzzggyzgwzzg~gzwgggg
ig
J
a`_J
jifg
iifg
ndfg
34567898
59
5658939353583
38638
59
6898
8
359
695359
345
89
886953896
8
86
5356593488
5635959535933485653
348569359859348
88
48359
56359
88935338!48354895982!
6953896
889348"
788983
359
8898
383
695359
488
8
9
#3
58$8
%%%!"4564469538965#5
3
45456535
3568596893
5$8
5635938#39#8
012345678593:;:7<=5>3?@7?A:7B2==A7C54DE>F7G17012=7EH7<=5>3?@I77
5?A7JK=?70K=17BKE;6A7G=7L367E>7M>=5F=7N;G>345D=A7
7
OPQRSTUVWXYPV
ZZ[S\V]^_RS`QaPbV
efghfijkfiij
lmmnmmmj
qrihsgthufijeviiwtj
lmmnmmmj
xyz{wthufijeviiwtj
|}mnmmmj
{tjkfiijvtjeviiwtj
|mnmmmj
cRPQdPV]^_RS`QaPbV
opmnmmmj
ommnmmmj
~plnmmmj
~pmnmmmj
xj
twfwjithufhvsjhjsvjtwuvwsgwgjvtjz{wthufijtviiwtj{tj
wfthsj
xxj
{wsjvhijithufsjhjwgnj{wjvhijiwwijhsj{wjwfthsj{vhsj{vigjwj
svj{h{wtj{fsj{wjuwstwjvj{wjivwjtviihsjwiwwsjvj{wjwfthsj
12
M>=5F=7E?F3FD=?417M>5A=7B=6=4D3E?7
=D=>:3?=A7G173F2=?F3?@78=DKEA7
456789659
8
!
012,(3(2)
(-1
(0-:
,0;
12
8
"""
""
"
6
7
4
#
$
8
=>?@ABCCDEBFGHIDAJKLMNOPQRSTRUVWXVYRZ[TOR\PYN]YRQVY[UU\Q^[W
_R[QNU]\`RQ[VNU]VR^`RQ[VTQROabcZROONdR]QR[OR\Q\NWST[UVNVNROZ[TOR
NUVRQU[WPQNZVN\UeNVYNUVYRWT_QNZ[UVfeYNZYNUVTQU`Q\^\VRORcZROONdR
VR^`RQ[VTQROZ[TONU]\cNg[VN\U[Ug`QR^[VTQRWT_QNZ[UV[Ug_R[QNU]
P[NWTQRa
hNWWRdRWOVY[V[QRV\\YN]Y[UgRcZROONdRST[UVNVNRO\P]QR[ORNU
_R[QNU]OZ[TOR[ZYTQUNU][ZVN\UeNVYNUVYRQ\V[VNU]Z\^`\URUVO[UgVYR
QROTWVeNWW[We[XO_R[UNUZQR[ORNUVR^`RQ[VTQRa
hNW\PV\\YN]YdNOZ\ONVXf\Q]QR[OReNVY[V\\YN]YZ\UONOVRUZXeNWW
[WO\NUZQR[OR\`RQ[VNU]VR^`RQ[VTQROai[QR^TOV_RV[jRUVYRQRP\QRfVY[V
eYRUNUdROVN][VNU]YN]YVR^`RQ[VTQROfVYRVQ\T_WROY\\VRQ^TOVZ\UONgRQ
U\V\UWXVYR`\OON_NWNVX\PRcZROONdRWT_QNZ[UVf_TVVY[VVYRZ\QQRZVWT_QNZ[UV
P\QVYR[``WNZ[VN\UNONUTORa
kO[lIGmBnoLpGqHrDoLpBLInGHmBCpnnLBIAJKKnLpnmspDCnI
pBIpJKsAnqonILJHmtnKLpBHBJIDKupnGCDKurvpBLpBInKJKBmBALIDA
qnLnInIuBJIIBsGABIrLpBLBqwBIJLGIBDCLnnpnLx
3456789
68
55489959858488984
8
68
74
4654888894679884948489
678894878956879445
946894
688969898565468
86746789
464
9869889498986
888949878956784
698967
95681!"5678894
#689888$5598
9
4698
98%489498
698658
8#8
9
654
7864968598884678
5549884
5464&!!9598846
49
958989467
'4
7()4&4
7*)5896462+!!,-%5498
9856./
9598888#89654548701125467592+1/
75978467889458968484695568896985'/34
02+32558#897848689449869
6544689#789:;<=>
?@8:9A;<=>A8B@8:9AC:8D>BCDA>78>E?<D;F8:8F
*886788845685#84678
658964
68896985678
49
95898942.!340/&3259986
9844689#75898
86556G!!7590598#89#80/2
8824./95988
78848998567668HIAJ8>D8:K;E8>L;M8>?M>=:89D8>
LC7:;E9A8F>789:;<=D>;D>:8FCE8F>7N>J9LM>M?:>8K8:N>OPQR>STUQVW>;<E:89D8>
;<>A8B@8:9AC:8>97?K8>TXYQR>SPYQVWZ
*5988678
689869
6544689#59#84
8942!!!7596[!3674689#68
64765/!!
759678
6589646889698+/302+/342
5
6867898
985465988I454
8Z65
:8\LC7:;E9A8>894489#
88678554
654
]^_`abcdefdgabhi^jkdld]^_`abcdmanoidgabhi^jkdldoi^dhpbjo_bodqrrsd
12
23435 689
89
69
!"4#4$4%#2&'(%#4()4*2+24,2&-4.#2*,2-4&(2/&(."4+/00/12&'
*%0*20%.2/&-%3$42(4,3
456789:;<=;>??@;A;456789:;B8CDE;>??@;A;DE5;FG9HD69D;IJJJKL;M;:756H5;NO69D8DP;89;GO9F5H;
Q
RS"42&2.2%0'#4%(4)%*T+/#%$4%#2&'$4+/#42&(.%00%.2/&("/20,$4
UV42."4#/+."4%$/W4#4(20.(X3
YZ[\Q]^_QY_^`abc\d^^eZfgQhci_ZfgQj`a_ZkieZ^fQl_^abcm\Q
Q
S"4+2#(.%*.2/&."%.("/20,$4.%T4&$3."4.#/2$04("//.4#1"4&
2&W4(.2'%.2&'."4*%2(4R(X/+%$4%#2&')#/$04-2(./+%-202%#2n4/&4(40+12."."4
+/00/12&'*/&,2.2/&(o#4'%#,04((/+."4$4%#2&'p(0/*%.2/&/#."4.3)4/+-%*"2&42&1"2*"
2.2(2&(.%004,3
q3!"%.2(."4#4*/--4&,4,/)4#%.2&'.4-)4#%.2#4/+."4$4%#2&'rs/-)%#4."2(
12."."4ike`ib/)4#%.2&'.4-)4#%.2#42(2&'%&%**2#%.4.4(.2&',4W2*4o(2*"%(%&
tuv."4#-/)4&/#%"%&,w"40,S"4#-/*%-2&+#%#4,*%-4#%3
13x4%(2#4."4&/2(404W402(2&'%,4W2*4(2*"%(."4yz(3(.4-(20.#%(/2&,.4(.4#3
{+&/2(404W40(%#42&*#4%(2&'%$/W4."/(4&/#-%0034|)4#24&*4,o2.*/20,2&,2*%.4
2&(2++2*24&.02$#2*%&.oW2$#%.2/&o)#4-%.2#4()%002&'o/##4,2*4,2&.4#&%0*04%#%&*4o
,24./"2'"4#."%&&/#-%0.4-)4#%.2#4(/#)//#$4%#2&'2&(.%00%.2/&3Ru44)2&
-2&,."%.&/2(42(+#4}24&.03%**/-)%&24,$3"2'".4-)4#%.2#4(X3
{+2&(2++2*24&.02$#2*%&.2((2()4*.4,o,4.4#-2&42+."4$4%#2&'"%(."4
*/##4*.%-/2&./+/202&."4"/2(2&'%&,%,,2+&4*4((%#33{+'#4%(402$#2*%.4,o
11
34536789
9
99
67
9
86
897979
86
6
6
54
774
46
7!"#
2$%
97767796
858669977797959
89
9
8856&6476
96
96
86'7
99793&
(4)&6
8
899
66
9737
*$+6
999756&679
874
9
69966966
9
6
6
,77737-476
6
6895
7376(4)&6
646
&
5
89536
873
6
97
.$%
97767796
8
7678856&49
8
6/7786
08756&67967
8936
536
416
839
876295
846
6)69736367
876'996
876356&97
3$
66)767994797473
9
656
956&86
8
6647356
4656'9967765378949
6
666&4
988
8695665
6769
656
736
46&
96
5$667646
666)7695
888
536
47
58
6
86
867477
8955394
6
86
8679
5,
869536
&39
679536
&67958
6
96766)67
8
99536
6776
8689
869
7366
7
95
8
8)6
7
8199
82677
:$%56874799
86774
86
876 6
9
6
8&6999
9
6
99
3)4367
4
12
3456789
965778587
97
77
5875873789
9879
37567875
7
589738959
89954577
87565567457993857
8784
9589359
5678875
5877895567757
3789
!"#9
4567583765786375686499895656769
7957
95787859
959
5678778959
8696567
69
797$%&'()*++,)-(.(.%(-)/0*/)*%&1/)23)&4)%(*-567)4*5+1-(8)*-()
6&/)+1%-59*6/)&-)+1%-59*/5&6)-(+*/(:,)*+/0&170)/0(;).*;)*<<(*-)/&)%(=)
>)()4)()-)()6)9)()8)
)
)
)
DL
12