03

Prof : BEN ELKHATIR Lensemble des nombres complexes

-I ^ :
-(1 :
^ \
i i 2 = 1 z ^ ) ( a , b \ 2
. z = a + ib

:
^ z = a + ib
z a z b :
) a = Re ( z ) . b = Im ( z
a = 0 b 0 z = ib
*\ i . i \* = {ib / b \* } :
:
) ' ( z , z ^ 2 :

'

Im ( z ) = Im ( z

'

:01
) (a, b \ (a + ib )( a ib ) = a + b :
2

z = a + ib ' z ' = a ' + ib z ' 0 :

' z aa ' + bb
' a 'b ab
. ' = '2
i
+
z
a + b '2
a '2 + b '2
:01
- :

) z 0 = ( 2 + 3i )( 3 4i ) z 1 = i (1 2i ) z 2 = ( 2 + i ) + (1 2i
3

5 + 3 3i
2 3i
= z4

= z3
1 2 3i
3 + 2i

) (1 i
+
2
) (1 + i
4

) (1 + i
=
1 i

. z5

- n i 4 n i 4 n +1 i 4 n + 2
i 4 n +3 i 2006 i 2007 i 2008 . i 2009

z = z Re ( z ) = Re ( z
'

2009

z = 0 Re ( z ) = Im ( z ) = 0

- S 1 : S 2

-(2 ^ :
:
\ ^ :
z = a + ib ' z ' = a ' + ib ^ :
) ' z + z ' = ( a + a ' ) + i (b + b ) . z .z ' = ( aa ' bb ' ) + i ( ab ' + a 'b

2010

S 1 = i ) . S 2 = ( i
k =0

k =0

-(3 :
:
z = a + ib ^ a ib z
z . z = a ib
:

:
^ 0 z = a + ib
. z = a ib :
} ^* = ^ {0 1

z ^ z = z : ^ : z ^ 6 z
. 1 = :
:02
2
^ . ( E ) : z 4z + 4 = 0 :

1
a
b
z = a + ib :
= 2
i 2
2
z a +b
a +b 2
^ :
3
'
"
" z . ( z ' + z " ) = z .z ' + z .z ) ( z , z , z ^ .

:02

z z
z +z
= ) Re ( z
z ^ :
2i
2
z \ Im ( z ) = 0 z = z : . z i \ Re ( z ) = 0 z = z
= ) . b = Im ( z

^ ) ( ^, +,. .
-1-

 03

Prof : BEN ELKHATIR Lensemble des nombres complexes

:03
JJG JG
u 1 u 2 :
JG
JG
JG JJG
JG
JJG
aff u1 + u 2 = aff u1 + aff u 2 aff .u1 = .aff u1
JG
JJG
JG
JJG
. aff .u1 + .u 2 = .aff u1 + .aff u 2 :

z 1 z 2 :
z 1 + z 2 = z 1 + z 2 z 1.z 2 = z 1.z 2 \ . .z 1 = .z 1 :

) (

1 1
z z
= .
z 2 0 1 = 1 :
z2 z2
z2 z2
z *^ n *] :

) (

. zn = z

= ) . aff (G

) (

) (

) M ( z M z ) M ( z M z
O z ) \ . ^ ( \ i

. Re ( z ) = Im ( z ) :
-(2 :
:
z = x + iy M ) ( z
JJJJG
OM = x 2 + y 2 z z

) . z i \ M ( z ) (Oy

z \ + M ( z ) [Ox ) : ) ' z \ M ( z ) Ox
) z i \ + M ( z ) [Oy ) ' . z i \ M ( z ) Oy

:02
G
z = x + iy ) u ( x , y z
G
G
G
) u ( x , y V 2 z = x + iy u . z = aff u :
JJJJG
M ) ( . aff OM = aff ( M ) :

+ 0

) aff ( A ) + aff ( B
= ) . aff ( I
I ] [ AB :
2
:

.
:
z \ M ( z ) (Ox ) :

) (

}) {( A , ) ; ( B ,

) .aff ( A ) + .aff ( B
:
+

z = aff ( M ) : ) . M ( z
JJG
JG
O , e1 O , e 2 ) (

) (

:04
G

) M ( x , y ) ( z = x + iy M

) (

) (

-(1 :
:01
z = x + iy ) M ( x , y z

) (

) (
)

A B ) ( :
JJJG
JJJG
JJJG
) . aff AB = aff OB aff OA = aff ( B ) aff ( A

-II :
JG JJG
V 2 e1 , e 2 ) (
JG JJG
. O , e1 , e 2
JG JJG
) M ( x , y M ) ( x , y . O , e1 , e 2

(
(

) (

)(
(

. z = x +y
2

z = x + iy ^ z .z = x 2 + y 2 : z = z .z :
JJJG
A B ) ( . AB = AB = z B z A :
-2-

 03

Prof : BEN ELKHATIR Lensemble des nombres complexes

-III :
JG JJG
) ( . O , e1 , e 2

:05

z ^ :
z = z = z = z Re ( z ) Re ( z ) z . Im ( z ) Im ( z ) z
z =0z =0

-(1 :
:
z M ) ( z
JG
JJJJG
n
e1 ,OM z ) arg ( z

. z = 1 z 1 = z

z 1 z 2 :
z 1.z 2 = z 1 . z 2

z1 + z 2 z1 + z 2

z1 z 2 z1 + z 2

1
1
=
z2
z2

z
z1
= 1
z2
z2

z 2 0 :

- z :

) 3i ( 3 4i

()

5 2i 1 + 3i

= . z

z 3
- z } ^ {2i :
z 2i
JG JJG
) ( O , e1 , e 2

] [ 2

:
}\ ' ( 1 ) = {M ( z ) ( ) / z }\ ( 2 ) = {M ( z ) ( ) / z i

2z i
- z \ ^ :
z z
JG JJG
) ( O , e1 , e 2

:03
^ :

3 = 0

( E1 ) : z 2 + 2 z

+ 3.z = 2 + 3i z

(E2 ) : z

) . z i \* arg ( z

] z = [ r , . z

:
}\ ( 1 ) = {M ( z ) ( ) / z " i . ( 1 ) = M ( z ) ( ) / z = 1

r = z : ] . arg ( z ) [ 2

= ". z

"

z i \* arg ( z )

:06
z ) z = r ( cos + i sin

) z i \*+ arg ( z ] [ 2

[ ] :

'

=1

JG JJJJG
. arg ( z ) e1 ,OM [ 2 ] :

. z \* arg ( z ) 0 [ ] :

='. z

' ( 3 ) = {M ( z ) ( ) / z

:
z *^ :
] z \*+ arg ( z ) 0 [ 2 ] z \* arg ( z ) [ 2

:02
2

-3-

z = x + iy :
y
x
= . sin
= cos
r = x 2 + y 2 :
r
r
:07

) ( x , y [ ]0, +[ ]0, + x = [ x , 0] : . iy = y ,
2

 03

Prof : BEN ELKHATIR Lensemble des nombres complexes

) ( x , y [ ], 0[ ], 0 x = [ x , ] : . iy = y ,
2

:08
z 1 z 2 :

z 2 . z
:05
- [ [ , z :
. z = 1 cos + i sin

z 1 = z 2
z1 = z 2
] arg ( z 1 ) arg ( z 2 ) [ 2

1
- z :
1 + i tan

. [ , [ ,
2 2
- n :

= z

z
] arg ( z 1.z 2 ) arg ( z 1 ) + arg ( z 2 ) [ 2 ] arg 1 arg ( z 1 ) arg ( z 2 ) [ 2
z2
] arg ( z n ) n .arg ( z ) [ 2 z *^ n ] .

\*+

1
arg arg ( z ) [ 2 ] : ] arg ( z ) + arg ( z ) [ 2
z
1
z
) arg z arg ( z ) [ 2 ] : . ( = 2
z
z

3 +i

( (1) :

\*

3 +i

( ( 2) :

*\ i

( ( 3) :

3+i

- ) ( ) ( ) M ( z :

] [ 2
2
-(2 :
:09

) (

:
> 0 :

. arg ( z 2i + 1)

JG JJJG
A B ) ( e1 , AB arg ( z B z A ) [ 2 ] :

] arg ( .z ) arg ( z ) [ 2 ] arg arg ( z ) [ 2
z
< 0 :

] arg ( .z ) + arg ( z ) [ 2 ] . arg arg ( z ) [ 2
z
:04
5
5
1+ i
. sin
cos
= z 0
-
12
12
3 i

A B C D ) ( A B : C D :

JJJG JJJG
z zC
AB ,CD arg D
] [ 2
zB zA
A B C ) ( :
zA
] [ 2
zA

3 +i
1 3i
= z1
-
4
4
u = z 1 + z 2 : . v = z 1 z 2

= z 2

C
B

( AB , AC ) arg zz
JJJG JJJJG

:
A B C ) ( .

zC z A
A B C \* :
zB zA

- - . z = 2 3 i 2 + 3

-4-

 03

Prof : BEN ELKHATIR Lensemble des nombres complexes

zC z A
ABC A i \* :
zB zA
z zA
. C
ABC A = i :
zB zA
z zA
. C
ABC = 1, :
3
z B z A
:06
- ) A ( 2 + 3i ) B ( 4 i ) . C (10 + 2i
ABC . B
- ( E ) : z 2 2z + 1 = 0 ^

-IV ^ :
-(1 z 2 = a *^ : a
S ( E ) : z 2 = a ^ *^ . a

= + i x 2 y 2 + 2ixy = + i :
:

:10
ABCD ) . ( z B z A = z C z D :
z zA
ABCD i \* :
. D
zB zA
z zB
. D
ABCD i \* :
zC z A
z zB
z zA
D *\ i
. D
i \* :
zC z A
zB zA
:07

- ) A ( 2i 3 + i

B 3 i

(E ) z 2

z 1 = i a z 2 = i a
. a
\ a ^ \ a*
a = + i : \ \ ) ( , z = x + iy

ABC ) ( E
- ) ( ) M ( z ) (
) M ( z ) N ( i z ) P ( 3i .

\ a } :\ a = ( i a ) ( z + i a )( z i a ) = 0 :
. S = {i a , i a } :
*
+

S = a, a

x 2 y 2 =

z 2 = a = a :

) (E

2xy =
2

) ( E ) ( x + iy
.

z . x 2 + y 2 = 2 + 2 :

(1) : x 2 + y 2 = 2 + 2

. ( E ) ( 2 ) : x 2 y 2 =
:

( 3) : 2xy =
*\ x y .
) (1 ) ( 2 :

+ 2 + 2
+ 2 + 2
= x2 >0
>0
= y2
2
2

. C

OABC .
- ) A ( 2 + 5i ) B ( 3 + 2i ) C ( 6 + 7i ) . D (1 + 10i
ABCD .

+ 2 + 2
+ 2 + 2
y =
x =
:
2
2
) < 0 xy < 0 : ( 3 . > 0 xy > 0

-5-

 03

Prof : BEN ELKHATIR Lensemble des nombres complexes

-(2 ( E ) : az 2 + bz + c = 0 *^ a : (b , c ) ^ 2

:
a ( E ) : z = a
^ .
:
a = 4 ) ( : z 1 = 2i . z 2 = 2i
2

b

z ^ az + bz + c = a z + 2 : = b 4ac
2a 4a

b
. z0 =
= 0 ) ( E
2a
0 ) ( ^ \ +
2

8 z 1 = 2 2i : . z 2 = 2 2i
: a = 4 3i x 2 + y 2 = 4 2 + ( 3 ) 2

2
z = x + iy : :
z = 4 3i x 2 y 2 = 4
2xy = 3

2x 2 = 9 : 2 y 2 = 1 . xy < 0

2
2

b
. az + bz + c = a z + :
2a 2a

b
b +
( E ) a z
z
= 0 :
2a
2a

b +
b
= . z2
= z1
) ( E :
2a
2a
:
2
S ( E ) : az + bz + c = 0 : ^
2

3 2 2
3 2
2
,
,
= ) ( x , y
:
2
2
2

2
2
2
= . z2
a = 4 3i z 1 = ( 3 i ) : ) ( 3 + i
2
2
a = 1 + 3i a :

a = 2, z = [ r , ] : z 2 = a r 2 , 2 = 2, :
3
3

( x , y ) =

r 2 = 2 :

] [ 2

2 r = 2 :

] [

= b 2 4ac .
b
= 0 . S = :
2a
b b +
= S .
,
0
2a
2a
:
) ( E < 0

= i ) ( E :

3
5

a z 1 = 2, : z 2 = 2,
6
6

2
2
= z1 3 +i
3+i
. z2 =
2
2
:08 u = 1 2 3i :
. v = 5 + 12i

b + i
b i
= z1
2a
2a
:09
^ :
(1) : z 2 30z + 289 = 0 ( 2 ) : z 2 6z + 9 6i = 0
= ( z 2 = z1 ) z 2

-6-

 03
i
=0
4

( 3) : iz 2 + ( 2i 1) z 1 +

Prof : BEN ELKHATIR Lensemble des nombres complexes

) ( z 1 + z 2 ) ( z 1 + z 2 .
4

( 4 ) : (1 + i ) z 2 3z + 2 (1 i ) = 0

2i .z + 1 + 2 3i = 0

( 5) : z

) ( z 1 + z 2 ) ( z 1 + z 2
:
4

:10
- S 1 ( E 1 ) : z + 16 = 0 : S 2

( z 1 + z 2 ) = z 14 + 4z 13 .z 2 + 6z 12 .z 2 2 + 4z 1.z 23 + z 2 4 :
5
( z 1 + z 2 ) = z 15 + 5z 14 .z 2 + 10z 13 .z 2 2 + 10z 12 .z 23 + 5z 1.z 2 4 + z 25
4

( E 2 ) : ( z 2i ) + 16 = 0 :
S 1 S 2 S 2 ) ( .
- ^ ( E 3 ) : z 4 2z cos + 1 = 0 : . 0 < <
- ( E ) : z 2 2 ( cos + i sin ) z + 1 2 = 0 :
z 1 z 2 ) ) ( , \ *\ ( z 1 z 2
4

:
n ` n 2 z 1 z 2 :
n

( z 1 + z 2 ) = C nk z 1n k .z 2 k
n

.
-V - :
-(1 :

k
n

k =0

C n + 1 .

) ( z + 2i

z 1 z 2 = z 12 + z 1.z 2 + z 2 2 :

:11
7

( z 1 z 2 ) = ( 1) C nk z 1n k .z 2 k

k =0

) ( z 2i
6

)( z + 1

10

)( z 1

10

-(2 :
:11

) (z 1 + z 2

\ n ] = cos n + i sin n :

. ( z 1 + z 2 ) = z 13 + 3z 12 .z 2 + 3z 1.z 2 2 + z 23
:
3

:12
2007

1
11
1 2 1

) ( cos + i sin

cos + i sin
9
9

370

. cos + i sin
5
5

:
z = r ( cos + i sin ) : n ] : z = r ( cos n + i sin n ) :
n

1 3 3 1
1 4 6 4 1

1 5 10 10 5 1

:
9
6
3
z = 243 + i 3 . z
cos n sin n ` n : n 2
:

) ( cos + i sin ) = cos n + i sin n : (

1 6 15 20 15 6 1

) ( cos + i sin ) = i k C nk cos n k sin k : (

k =0

-7-

 03

Prof : BEN ELKHATIR Lensemble des nombres complexes

cos n = Re ( Z

sin n = Im ( Z . Z = i k C nk cos n k sin k

k =0

C nk . 0 k n
:13
5
3
2
4
cos 5 = cos 10 cos sin + 5cos sin :
. sin 5 = sin 5 10sin 3 cos 2 + 5sin cos 4
-(3 :
*
z ) ( r , \ \ + :

e i e i
1 4i
2i
2 i
= sin
+ e 4i ) :
= (e 4e + 6 4e
2i

16
1
3 1
1
. sin 4 = ( 2 cos 4 8cos 2 + 6 ) = + cos 4 cos 2 :
16
8 8
2
4

) z = r ( cos + i sin r = z ] . arg ( z ) [ 2

e i = cos + i sin :
z = re i : . z
:

1 = e i
:12

2

i = e

1 i = 2.e

i 1

e i + e i
1 5i
3i
i
i
3i
= cos
) + e 5i
= (e + 5e + 10e + 10e + 5e
2

32
1
5
5
. cos5 = cos 5 + cos 3 + cos
:
16
16
8
5

. 3 3i = 2 3.e
i 2

z 1 = r1.e z 2 = r2 .e
) z 1 r1 i (1 2
= .e
z 1.z 2 = r1r2 .e i (1 +2 ) :
z 2 r2

e i e i
1
= sin 5
) e 5i 5e 3i + 10e i 10e i + 5e 3i e 5i
(
=
2i

32i
1
5
5
. sin 5 = sin 5 sin 3 + sin
:
16
16
8
:
cos n sin n
cos n sin n .
-VI n :
-(1:
a n . n 2
z z n = a ) n (
. a
3
2 .

z = r .e i *^ n ] . z n = r n .e in :
-(4 cos n sin n : n 2
) :13 (
i
i
i
i
e e
e +e
= . sin
= cos
\ :
2i
2
e in e in
e in + e in
= n ] : sin n
= cos n
:
2i
2
:14
\ :

1 + e i = 2 cos e
2

2
1
z 0 = 3 + 3i )( i 1
2
2
n
cos n sin : n 2
cos n sin n cos k sin k
) ( 1 k n .
:
5
5
4
sin : cos sin
z 1 = 1 + ) . z 2 = 2 + 2 (1 + i

1 e i = 2i sin e
2
-8-

 03

Prof : BEN ELKHATIR Lensemble des nombres complexes

a = 8i z 0 = 2i : z 1 = 3 + i . z 2 = 3 + i
: ) ( ) A ( z 0 ) B ( z 1 ) . C ( z 2

5
3

z 0 = 2 2, : z 1 = 2 2, z 2 = 2 2,
4
4
4

. z 3 = 2 2,
4

:15
a = 1 i . 5
-(2 :
:
n . n 2
z z n = 1 .
:

+ 2k

z k = n r , 0 k n 1
n a :
n

) ( O

1
3
j = + i j j

2
2
. j 2 = j
:14
2k
z k = 1, 0 k n 1

n
) ( .

:
a = 8i . ( E ) : z = 8i :
3

( E ) z 3 8i = 0 z 3 + ( 2i ) = 0
( E ) ( z + 2i ) ( z 2 2iz 4 ) = 0 :
3

. i 3 = i

2iz 4 ) = 0 :
:

(z

' = ( i ) + 4 = 3 :
2

z1 = 3 +i . z 2 = 3 +i

ABC ) (C O
. R = 2
:
] a = [ r , n . n 2

:
z a a n
2k
z k = z . 1, . 0 k n 1
:
n
:16

. R = n r

:
. a = 64
a = 64 ] a = [ 64, z = [ r , ] :
:

] z 4 = a r 4 , 4 = [ 64,

( 2k

- ) (1 i ) . a = 2 (1 + i
3

+ 1)
r = 4 64 = 8 = 2 2 :
4

a = 64 ( 2k + 1) :
z k = 2 2, . 0 k 3

= 0 k 3

z +i
. (E ) :
- ^ + 2 (1 + i ) = 0 :
z i

abouzakariya@yahoo.fr
-9-