Annabel Chosy

History Day Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources
Articles & Letters
"BATTLE OF ANTIETAM CREEK.; Full Particulars from Our Special Correspondent. The Most Stupendous Struggle of Modern Times. The Battle Won by Consummate Generalship. The Rebel Losses Estimated as High as Thirty Thousand. A GREAT NUMBER OF PRISONERS CAPTURED." New York Times 18 Sept. 1862: n. pg. The New York Times. Web. < http://www.nytimes.com/1862/09/20/news/battleantietam-creek-full-particulars-our-special-correspondent-moststupendous.html?ref=battleofantietam>. This article was published immediately after the battle, and it was interesting to learn about the conclusions the Union made immediately following the battle, and their predictions for its effects. The article was well organized, making it easy to follow.

The Battle of Antietam." The New York Times 21 Sept. 1862: n. pag. The New York Times. Web. <http://www.nytimes.com/1862/09/21/news/the-battle-ofantietam.html?ref=battleofantietam>. This article gave an in-depth description of the bloody events on September 17, 1862. It helped me understand how people living at that time knew about the battle, and the sacrifices being made by Union soldiers. "THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM.; THE FIGHT ON THE LEFT. THE FIGHT UPON THE CENTRE. THE FIGHT ON THE RIGHT." New York Times 7 Oct. 1862: n. pag. The New

York Times. Web. <http://www.nytimes.com/1862/10/07/news/battle-antietamfight-left-fight-upon-centre-fight-right.html?ref=battleofantietam>. This article appeared in the New York Times, but was originally published by a Southern newspaper. It was interesting to read an article that discussed the battle of Antietam from the Confederate point of view. This article helped me understand that some wartime accounts were influenced by the allegiance of the newspapers in which they appeared. Coffin, Charles Carleton, Boston Journal. "Antietam Scenes," Battles and Leaders. Vol. II, p. 683 N.d. National Park Service. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.nps.gov/anti/forteachers/upload/Letters%20and%20Diaries%20of %20Soldiers%20and%20Civilians.pdf>. Charles Coffin was an army correspondent with the Boston Journal who was at the Battle of Antietam. Coffin vividly describes the noise that ensued at the battle as both sides unleashed fire. This source helped me better visualize the battle, and gave me a sense of how horrific it must have been for the soldiers at Antietam. "FROM THE SOUTH.; Rebel Accounts of the Battle of the Antietam. The Maryland Campaign a Confessed Failure.SPIRIT OF THE RICHMOND PRESSA VICTORY CLAIMED AT ANTIETAM." New York Times 27 Sept. 1862: n. pag. The New York Times. Web. <http://www.nytimes.com/1862/09/27/news/south-rebel-accountsbattle-antietam-maryland-campaign-confessedfailurespirit.html?ref=battleofantietam>. This article was originally published in the Richmond Enquirer and was reprinted in the New York Times. The Richmond Enquirer was a staunch supporter of the Confederacy. The article showed me how differently two sides saw the outcome of Antietam. Despite the quick end to the Confederate invasion of the North, the article boasts: We have the gratification of being able to announce that the battle resulted in one of the most complete victories that has yet immortalized the Confederate arms. "Gen. Lee and the Rebellion." New York Times 25 Aug. 1863: n. pag. The New York Times. Web. <http://www.nytimes.com/1863/08/25/news/gen-lee-and-therebellion.html?scp=17&sq=Lee&st=p>.

This was a historical article, published almost a year after the Battle of Antietam, that reacts to rumors that General Robert E. Lee may resign as the commander of the Confederate arm. Lee is described as the foremost man in the field of war and is commended for his high moral character and his military achievements. The authors glowing review of Lee helped me understand that although he was the commander of the rebel army, the way Lee conducted himself won him the respect of the Northern press.

Bronson, George. Letter. 21 Sept. 1862. National Park Service. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.nps.gov/anti/forteachers/upload/Letters%20and%20Diaries%20of %20Soldiers%20and%20Civilians.pdf>. Writing to his wife, a physician with the 11th Connecticut vividly describes what took place as his brigade reached the fatal bridge that crosses the creek. The details in Bronsons letter helped me better understand the fight for Burnsides Bridge. I used information from this letter in the section of my website that describes the Battle of Antietam. Hunter, Alexander. Letter. 21 Sept. 1862. National Park Service. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.nps.gov/anti/forteachers/upload/Letters%20and%20Diaries%20of %20Soldiers%20and%20Civilians.pdf>. This letter written by a Confederate soldier to his "folks" describes the ragged, near-starved soldiers as they marched toward the Potomac River. He also tells his family that once they had crossed the river, the people of Maryland acted humanely and gave them food. This first hand account helped me better understand the hardships and difficult conditions endured by soldiers during the Civil War. Kellogg, Robert. Diary entry, 17 Sept. 1862. National Park Service. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.nps.gov/anti/forteachers/upload/Letters%20and%20Diaries%20of %20Soldiers%20and%20Civilians.pdf>. The first sentence of this diary entry, written at days end September 17, 1862, begins: This has been indeed a fearful day, and it is by God's kindnes [sic] alone that I am here to write this[.] The entry describes the first day of battle for Robert Kellogg, a soldier with the 14th Connecticut volunteer regiment. Kellogg gives a vivid account of the enemy fire his regiment faced from entrenched rebel forces at seemingly every turn. His diary entry made the battle come alive for me and helped

me better understand how horrifying and chaotic the fighting was at the Battle of Antietam. Kilmer, G. L., Private, Company I, 14th New York Artillery, John P. Smith, History of the Antietam Fight, in Scrapbook of J. P. Smith (Sept. 1862). National Park Service. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.nps.gov/anti/forteachers/upload/Letters%20and%20Diaries%20of %20Soldiers%20and%20Civilians.pdf>. This eyewitness account of Union private Kilmer captures the frenzy of heated battle. He describes how soldiers, frustrated with their small muzzle loaded guns, tore loaded guns from the hands of the dead and fired them with fearful rapidity. This source helped me better understand both the desperation and determination of soldiers who fought at Antietam. Unknown author, History of the 35th Massachusetts Volunteers, p. 48 (Sept.-Oct. 1862) National Park Service. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.nps.gov/anti/forteachers/upload/Letters%20and%20Diaries%20of %20Soldiers%20and%20Civilians.pdf>. This source describes the deadly force of shellfire. The writer tells of the intense pain a soldier suffers when hit by a mini ball or piece of shell, and the slow, painful death that usually follows. This source gave me insight into the terrible pain and suffering endured by soldiers wounded at Antietam. Pendleton, Alexander S., Diary entry, Sept.-Oct. 1862. National Park Service. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.nps.gov/anti/forteachers/upload/Letters%20and%20Diaries%20of %20Soldiers%20and%20Civilians.pdf>. First Lieutenant Sandie Pendelton served with General Stonewall Jacksons brigade at Antietam. Pendletons harrowing account of the heavy military fire at Antietam helped me better understand the fear soldiers feel when under heavy gunfire. His words capture the scene: Such a storm of balls I never conceived it possible for men to live through. Shot and shell shrieking and crashing, canister and bullets whistling and hissing most fiend-like . . . I never expected to come back alive.

"THE WAR IN MARYLAND.; Another Account of the Great Battle of Antietam. LETTERS FROM THE BATTLE-FIELD. The Strong Position Chosen by the Enemy How the National Forces Were Arranged Desperate Character of the Fighting The Results, &c." New York Times 23 Sept. 1862: n. pag. The New York Times. Web. <http://www.nytimes.com/1862/09/23/news/war-maryland-another-accountgreat-battle-antietam-letters-battle-field-strong.html?ref=battleofantietam>. This article was written on the battlefield on September 17, 1862, and gives an in-depth and accurate account of the fighting at Antietam from sunrise to sundown. The author clearly understood he had witnessed a historical battle: This day will be memorable for one of the bloodiest fought battles on the American Continent. This article helped me better understand the sequence of fighting at Antietam. I was especially struck by the authors description of the battlefield at days end: Our dead lie mingled with the rebel corpses on every part of this wide field -- over a space of three or four miles. Many a poor fellow will lie on the cold, damp earth to-night, and pray for death to relieve him of his sufferings.

Photographs
Most of the photographs that appear in my website were taken by Alexander Gardner. Gardner was at the Battle of Antietam; two days after the fighting ended he was on the battlefields taking images of the dead on the field and burial crews and the like. It was the first time battlefields were photographed before the dead had been cleared away and his stark images captured the carnage and destruction of the war in a way words never could. The Civil War was no longer remote or romantic. The 70 photographs Gardner took at Antietam were displayed for the public at the gallery of Mathew Brady in New York City in October 1862. The review in the New York Times read: Mr. Brady has done something to bring home to us the terrible reality and earnestness of war. If he has not brought bodies and laid them in our dooryards and along the streets, he has done something very like it. New York Times, Oct. 20, 1862. When asked about his work, Gardner said It is designed to speak for itself. As momentos of the fearful struggle through which the country has just passed. It is confidently hoped that it will possess an enduring interest. http://www.civilwar.org/education/history/biographies/alexander-gardner.html Gardner, Alexander. Burial Crew. 1862. Photograph. National Park Service. Web. <http://www.nps.gov/anti/photosmultimedia/Historic-Photogaphs.htm>.

This photograph by Alexander Gardner is part of the rotating slideshow that appears on the home page of my website. The men designated to bury the bodies of dead soldiers had a grisly but necessary job a sad task that often goes unmentioned and unnoticed. Gardner, Alexander. Dead Gathered for Burial. 1862. Photograph. National Park Service. Web. <http://www.nps.gov/anti/photosmultimedia/HistoricPhotogaphs.htm>. This photo shows fallen soldiers who have been arranged in an orderly formation for burial. The long row of dead soldiers in this photograph, taken by Alexander Gardner, makes you confront and consider the high price paid by many who fought at Antietam. Antietam is often referred to as the bloodiest day of battle in American history; I chose to feature this photograph to give a sense of that days staggering casualties. Gardner, Alexander. Union Signal Station. 1862. Photograph. National Park Service. Web. <http://www.nps.gov/anti/photosmultimedia/Historic-Photogaphs.htm>. Four men are shown in this photograph, most of them sitting atop a wooden signal tower; Union soldiers erected these at various high points around the battlefield. Using a system of signal flags, they would report enemy movements back to General McClellan. It is a high quality historical photograph taken by Alexander Gardner and appears on the Background: The Civil War in 1862 page of my website. I included this photograph in my website because it relates to my discussion on that page of the mood of the Union in late summer 1862 and the four soldiers look somber and pensive. Gardner, Alexander. Field Hospital. 1862. Photograph. National Park Service. Web. <http://www.nps.gov/anti/photosmultimedia/Historic-Photogaphs.htm>. This photograph can be seen in the slideshow on the Home page of my website, and shows wounded soldiers being cared for at a makeshift field hospital at Antietam. The casualty figures from that long day of fighting include three categories: (1) dead; (2) wounded; and (3) missing or captured. Many more soldiers were wounded than killed at Antietam (17,300 versus 3,650) in the Battle of Antietam; about one out of seven soldiers died from his wounds (http://www.nps.gov/anti/historyculture/casualties.htm )

I included this photograph to show the pain and struggle endured by wounded soldiers who fought in the Battle of Antietam; and also to show the stark contrast to our modern concept of a hospital. Gardner, Alexander. Lone Grave. 1862. Photograph. National Park Service. Web. <http://www.nps.gov/anti/photosmultimedia/Historic-Photogaphs.htm>. This photograph appears in the heading on my websites pages. I placed it there because I was struck by the way the dead tree towered hauntingly over the fresh grave and the Union soldiers nearby. The photograph was also interesting to me as it shows the soldiers with their rifles, their eyes looking out at the horizon. was left with the impression that while an important battle had just been fought and won, the war to save the country would continue for sometime to come. Gardner, Alexander. Dead Confederate Soldier. 1862. Photograph. National Park Service. Web. <http://www.nps.gov/anti/photosmultimedia/HistoricPhotogaphs.htm>. This is a disturbing photo of a dead rebel soldier, his body partially disembodied. I included this photograph by Alexander Gardner in my website's slideshow because the viewer can clearly see the hair, face, limbs, etc. of the dead soldier. It is not an easy image to look at as it shows the brutality of battle. The photograph helped me realize that that each soldier who fell at Antietam was a unique individual much more than a numerical casualty or statistic. Gardner, Alexander. Burnside Bridge 2. 1862. Photograph. National Park Service. Web. <http://www.nps.gov/anti/photosmultimedia/Historic-Photogaphs.htm>. General Ambrose Burnside was tasked with taking the bridge shown in this photograph by Alexander Gardener. The structure has since been known as Burnside's Bridge. Regiments of Union troops were sent over the bridge under heavy fire from rebel troops hidden in the foliage on the opposite bank. The bridge has been called a 200 yard shooting gallery and many Union soldiers died in their valiant attempt to cross it. This photograph appears on the page in my website that discusses the struggle to capture the bridge on my website. The photograph shows the heavy woods that rose above and surrounded the bridge, and gives the viewer a sense of the vulnerability of Union soldiers who were ordered to cross it.

Gardener, Alexander. Knap's Battery. Sept. 1862. National Park Service. <http://www.nps.gov/anti/photosmultimedia/Historic-Photogaphs.htm>. I wanted this photo to be included in my slideshow on the Home page of my website because it was a sample battery from the battle; the line of men, horses, and artillery on the field as all batteries would have looked. It gave me a mental image for when I was composing my content about the battle, and I wanted it on my website so it could do the same for others. Gardener, Alexander. Bloody Lane Carnage. Sept. 1862. National Park Service. <http://www.nps.gov/anti/photosmultimedia/Historic-Photogaphs.htm>. I used this photo to back up the content in my website that discussed the fight at Bloody Lane. I thought it was a helpful visual, clearly showing how the lane would have made the perfect trench, and making it obvious that there were heavy casualties suffered during this portion of the battle; you can see the bodies piled in the Bloody Lane as I talked about in the Sunken Road section of my website. Gardener, Alexander. Burnside Bridge 4. Sept. 1862. National Park Service. <http://www.nps.gov/anti/photosmultimedia/Historic-Photogaphs.htm>. This image of Burnside's Bridge stuck out to me and was eventually a part of the Burnside's Bridge section of my website because, from the angle at which Alexander Gardner took the photograph, it shows what the Confederates were looking down on, and you get a thought of how steeply the federal forces had to fight upward. Gardener, Alexander. Lincoln and McClellan. Sept. 1862. National Park Service. <http://www.nps.gov/anti/photosmultimedia/Historic-Photogaphs.htm>. This photo, along with 2 others, heads the pages of my website. I wanted a visual of two people who were tremendously wrapped up/involved in Antietam and its outcome: George McClellan, the primary commander at Antietam, and President Lincoln as well. This photograph by Alexander Gardner included them both, and I feel that it speaks to the political significance of Antietam. Battle of Antietam. 1862 (?). Battle of Antietam: Overview. <http://www.history.army.mil/StaffRide/Antietam/Overview.htm>.

This painting was a clear choice for my website because it captured the chaos of the fighting, the action, and how deadly it was. I also appreciated that in this painting, it is clear where this particular struggle is taking place (the Dunker Church is visible in the background.) Schnell, Frank. General Hooker's First Corp on their way to "attack the Rebel army under General Lee." American Civil War. <http://www.factasy.com/civil_war/2007/06/21_0?page=1>. This sketch appealed to me because it makes it clear just how many men the Army of the Potomac had going into the endeavor; it was the Union themselves getting in the way of their total victory. It also shows something of the terrain the Union was marching through and in what formations, and for these reasons I put it into my website's slideshow. Carpenter, F. B. The first reading of the Emancipation Proclamation before the Cabinet. 1866. This painting is what it most likely looked like when Lincoln read the Emancipation Proclamation to his cabinet for the first time. That was exactly what I was focussing on in a paragraph on my The Unions Decline: Repercussions page, and I selected this painting because it showed Lincoln and his cabinet accurately and clearly. Nast, Thomas. "Compromise with the South" 1864. Harp Week. <http://www.harpweek.com/09Cartoon/BrowseByDateCartoon.asp?Month=Septe mber&Date=3>. I wanted a political cartoon to show up somewhere in my website, and it ended up being this one. The man who created it, Thomas Nast, did a great job making it understandable and clear, and the cartoon itself related very well to the Peace Democrats and the belief that the Union was on its downfall that were talked about on my website. Special Order 191. National Park Service. <http://www.nps.gov/mono/historyculture/Special-Order-191.htm>. I wanted this photograph to be my visual that enhanced my section about the Lost Orders because it was an image of the real Special Order No. 191, and seeing the original document itself is helpful; you really understand when reading about the Orders.

Civil War Trust. <http://www.civilwar.org/hallowed-ground-magazine/fall2012/september-suspense.html>. This photograph of a newspaper headline blazons, INVASION! Rebels poised to cross Potomac Union in peril and I featured it on the The Maryland Invasion page because through just a few large print words, it captures the distress and panic that plagued the North when Robert E. Lee and his army was on the Unions doorstep. Troiani, Don. Lonely Gamers. Blogspot. <http://lonelygamers.blogspot.com/2010/11/antietam-16-nov-2010cornfield.html>. This is a painting of the 1st Texas advancing through the cornfield, and I showed it on my website page dedicated to the Cornfield because it demonstrated the ferocity that was at this part of the battlefield. North of the Dunker Church A Union Charge Through The Corn-Field. Iron Brigader. <http://ironbrigader.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/UnionAdvance-Antietam-Cornfield.jpg>. I wished to show the Union and Confederate positions and action in this portion of the battle on my website, and this artwork is of the Union advance through the cornfield. It's black and white contrasted my other elements on The Cornfield page of my website, and it showed off the desperation and chaos of the fight.

Secondary Sources
Books
Harsh, Joseph L. Confederate Tide Rising: Robert E. Lee and the making of Southern strategy, 1861-1862. Kent, OH: Kent State UP, 1998. This book provides an extensive account of Robert E. Lee's military decisions from 1861-1862. I focused on the pages that talked about Lee's choices during September the Maryland Campaign and Antietam. This source helped me understand the strategist aspect of Lee, and what a tower of strength Lee was to the South.

Marvel, William. Lincoln's Darkest Year: The War in 1862. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2008. In great detail, this book highlights the actions and motivations of George McClellan and Lincoln himself. I used the analyzation of Antietam and of Lincoln and McClellanwho both greatly impacted this turning pointand also got a quote from this book. Time, Life. Voices of the Civil War: Antietam. Richmond, VA: Time Life, 1996. The battle came alive for me after reading this book, which contained hundreds of first hand accounts and quotes, many of which ended up in my project. McPherson, James M. Crossroads of Freedom: Antietam. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2002. Crossroads of Freedom was one of my main and most important sources for my website. It had broad information on everything that I needed to discuss, written in a way that was easy to understand and many closely related quotes as well, making it essential to forming the content of my project. Murfin, James V. The Gleam of Bayonets; the battle of Antietam and the Maryland Campaign of 1862,. New York: T. Yoseloff, 1965. There was a complete and informative account of the battle in this book, touching on everything that my website did. I used this source mainly to gather the helpful information it had on Special Orders No. 191. Ayers, Edward L., ed. America's War: Talking about the Civil War and Emancipation on their 150th Anniversaries. Chicago: American Library Association, 2012. This book proved useful because of its compiled speeches and excerpts from Civil War books, and I appreciated how it used these things to reflect on Emancipation. Catton, Bruce. The Army of the Potomac: Mr. Lincoln's army. Doubleday & Co., 1951. The part of this source that benefited my project most was the book's reflections on the outcome of the battle: the lack of foreign recognition, the impact

of the Union's victory, the Emancipation and its consequences, etc. were visited and very informative to me. Olsen, Christopher J. The American Civil War: A Hands-on History. New York: Hill and Wang, 2006. This book was composed of primary documents that helped extend my understanding of the the war effort, and also the prior events such as session that led to the Civil War. Parzych, Cynthia, and James C. Bradford. Antietam: A guided Tour Through history. Guilford, CT: GPP Travel, 2009. This book provided good details on the fighting on September 17 and included pictures, quotes, maps, and first account stories. I was grateful for the amount of depth the authors of this book went into when describing Antietam: the generals, the positions, the casualties, etc. and I also found the visuals used in this source helpful. Luvaas, Jay, and Harold W. Nelson, eds. Guide to the Battle of Antietam, the Maryland Campaign of 1862. Lawrence, Kan.: University P of Kansas, 1996. This book had a huge range of details on all the areas of the fighting at Antietam, and all through the accounts of soldiers and others present at the battlefield. These are consecutive so that the accounts eventually cover the entire battle. Reading all of those informative details made me feel like I understood the battle more deeply, and also understood it from a soldiers point of view. Stanchak, John E. Civil War. New York: Dorling Kindersley Pub., 2000. This was a book that had many visuals, which helped me see how the soldiers and their weapons might have appeared at Antietam. I also got helpful background information from this source. Gardner, Alexander. Gardner's Photographic Sketch Book of the Civil War. New York: Dover Publications, 1959. My dad gave me this book, which had been his as a kid, when I started the History Day process. Looking at Gardner's photographs got my mind on the track of thinking what kind of pictures I wanted to include my project and gave me a better

idea of Gardners photography. The descriptions that accompanied the photographs were also helpful for knowing exactly what he photographed, and when and where. Kagan, Neil, and Stephen G. Hyslop. Atlas of the Civil War: A Complete Guide to the Tactics and Terrain of Battle. National Geographic Society, 2009. This lengthy book had accurate maps of Civil War battles, including Antietam, and it let me know more about the terrain of the battle, and of positions and movement of troops. Weber, Jennifer L. Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2006. One of the major reasons why Antietam is a turning point is that it convinced voters to maintain a Republican majority in the House of Representatives, and this book goes over that and more when discussing the Democrats of the era, Lincoln's peace-favoring opponents. This was my central resource for discussing that aspect of the effects of Antietam. Slotkin, Richard. The Long Road to Antietam: How the Civil War Became a Revolution. New York: Liveright Corporation, a division of W.W. Norton & Company, 2012. This was a well written narrative of the Battle; it covered McClellan and Lincoln in full and how the fate of the American nation trembled in the wind at the battle of Antietam. This book was used to fill gaps in my research. Kent, Zachary. The Battle of Antietam. Chicago: Childrens P, 1992. This book gave me the basics of my turning point in history, and I referred to it to make sure I was going over the important aspects of Antietam. Dougherty, Terri. Americas Deadliest Day: The Battle of Antietam. Mankato, MN: Edge Books, 2009. This source gave me the essential events of the battle; it was a good light touching on Antietam, and very nice to have at the beginning of my research when I knew little about topic.

Bailey, Ronald H. The Civil War : The Bloodiest day : The battle of Antietam. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1984. This book had lots of detailed content and a variety of pictures, and reading it strengthened my project through using some of its details and comparing its content to that of other books. Murphy, Jim. A Savage Thunder: Antietam and the Bloody Road to Freedom. New York: Margaret K. McElderry Books, 2009. This book went into full detail for every part of the battle, and included quotes and pictures as well; it was another one of my main resources when putting my website together. Sears, Stephen W. Landscape Turned Red: The Battle of Antietam. New Haven: Ticknor & Fields, 1983. Out of all of my resources, this is one of the ones that aided my project the most. I gathered quotes from it, and overall it was just a very helpful and reliable description of the campaign, the battle, and what followed. This book was written powerfully and vividly. Waryncia, Lou, and Sarah Elder. Hale. Antietam: Day of Courage and Sacrifice. Peterborough, NH: Cobblestone, 2005. This small book helped get me started, and it hit the main points of the battle. Included in its pages were little blurbs on main people who were involved with Antietam, and also images and maps. Burnsides Bridge The Climactic Struggle of the 2nd and 20th Georgia at Antietam Creek by Phillip T. Tucker. Mechanicsburg: Stackpole, 2000. This source had collected quotes from soldiers and more that I included in my website, and primarily in the Burnsides Bridge portion.

Websites
"Battle of Antietam." History.com. A&E Television Networks. 11 Dec. 2012 <http://www.history.com/topics/battle-of-antietam>.

This website gave me the gist of Antietam; it was good to be able to see what parts of the Battle this website chose to focus on, what they considered most momentous. "Battle of Antietam." Battle of Antietam. 11 Dec. 2012 <http://www.history.army.mil/StaffRide/Antietam/Contents.htm>. This website had all the resources on Antietam I could want: readings, maps, tables, and illustrations, making it a go-to for any of those things. "The bloodiest day: The legacy of Antietam." Baltimoresun.com. 11 Dec. 2012 <http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/editorial/bs-ed-antietamanniversary-20120917,0,5730455.story>. This webpage was of use because it was discussing Antietam's 150th Anniversary and it was interesting to read this compare and contrast, as well as the brief summary of the bloody battle. Antietam, The Battle of. National Parks Service. 31 Jan. 2013. National Parks Service. 11 Dec. 2012 <http://www.nps.gov/anti/historyculture/index.htm>. This website was clearly going to be a strong resource for my project, seeing as it was the website of the Antietam national park. It had many things to explore; timelines, casualties and articles with good information. I ended up using almost all of the aspects of this website when creating my website. "Civil War Trust." The Battle of Antietam Summary & Facts. 11 Dec. 2012 <http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/antietam.html?tab=home>. This book had little competition to become one of the websites I referred to most. It had features such as an Animated Map, Antietam 360, suggested reading, articles, maps, facts, photos, summaries... I took advantage of all of these things within this website at least multiple times during the process of making my project. "Antietam on the Web." RSS. 11 Dec. 2012 <http://antietam.aotw.org/index.php>. I referenced this website often because it had a large amount of information and resources available, these included: an overview, a timeline, battle maps, orders of battle, and articles and primary documents. This website helped me develop many elements of my project and was very helpful overall. It provided me with a few quotes and accounts, as well.

Videos
Lincoln and Lee at Antietam: The Cost of Freedom. Janson Media. <http://www.janson.com/>. This was the video from which all the film clips on my website came from; the video included everything that I went over in my website, and it had pictures, reenactments, quotes... It was definitely one of my most essential resource items for my website. All credit for the video that the clips were made from goes to Janson Media, www.janson.com who were kind enough to let me use and edit the video; thank you! The Civil War: A Film by Ken Burns. DVD. PBS, 1990. I watched the well known Ken Burns series on the Civil War, and discovered for myself that it was full of pictures, details, quotes. It supplied me lots of information, and in a movie format, too.

Interviews
McPherson, James M. E-mail interview. Jan.-Feb. 2013. James McPherson is a History Professor at Princeton University in addition to being phenomenal Civil War author; one of his books has won the Pulitzer Prize and he is widely regarded as the best and most well-known Civil War historian of our time. It was an honor to be able to have him answer some questions I'd had throughout my research. Priest, John Michael. E-mail interview. Jan.-Feb. 2013. John Michael Priest has written or edited 12 books on the Civil War, including Antietam: The Soldier's Battle. A retired school teacher, he loves hiking Antietam and South Mountain. His favorite sites on the Antietam Battlefield include Foxs Gap at South Mountain and the walking trails for the Bloody Lane, West Woods and The Final Attack Trail at Burnside Bridge. Mr. Priest is very knowledgeable in the subject and I was gratified to receive his answers to my questions.