Lecture 10 - EE 359: Wireless Communications - Fall 2011

Performance in Fading and ISI

Lecture Outline
Average Probability of Error Combined Outage and Average Probability of Error Doppler Eects on Performance Delay Spread (ISI) Eects on Performance 1. Average Ps : P s = Ps (s )p(s)ds.

Rarely leads to close form expressions for general p(s ) distributions. Can be hard to evaluate numerically. Can obtain closed form expressions for general linear modulation in Rayleigh fading (using approximation Ps M Q( M s ) in AWGN).

Using alternate Q function representation, the average Ps becomes the moment generating function of the distribution: easy to calculate for any modulation and any fading distribution using standard Laplace transforms. 2. Combined outage and average error probability: Shadowing causes outage and at-fading determines P s during nonoutage A target s is needed to obtain a target P s . P s obtained in small region where s approximately constant as P s =

Ps (s )p(s| s ).

Outage occurs when shadowing causes s to fall below its target value.

3. Doppler Eects on Performance Doppler has little impact on coherent modulation (small bandwidth expansion).

Error oor approximated by Pb .5(BdTb )2 . oor 4. Delay Spread (ISI) Eects on Performance.

Leads to an irreducible error oor for dierential modulation.

High doppler can cause channel phase to decorrelate between symbols.

ISI leads to an irreducible error oor.

Delay spread exceeding a symbol time causes ISI (self-interference).

Without ISI compensation, avoid error oor by reducing data rate (Ts >> Tm ).

Main Points
Fading greatly increases average Ps . Easy to compute using alternate Q function. In combined fast and slow fading, outage is determined by shadowing, and average probability of error computed by averaging over the fading distribution conditioned on a xed path loss and shadowing. Fading greatly degrades performance. Doppler spread only impacts dierential modulation, causing an irreducible error oor at low data rates. Delay spread causes irreducible error oor or imposes rate limits. Need to nd ways to combat at and frequency-selective fading (focus of the rest of the course).