8086 Instruction Template Need for Instruction Template 8085 has 246 opcodes.

The opcodes can be printed on an A4 size paper. 8086 has about 13000 opcodes. A book of about 60 pages is needed for printing the opcodes. Concept of Template In 8085, MOV r1, r2 (ex. MOV A, B) has the following template. 0 1 3-bit r1 code Register B C D E H L M A MOV A, 01 11 1 7 B is 000 = 78H 8 3-bit r2 code

3-bit Register code 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 Ex. 1: Code for

Ex.2: Code for

MOV M, D is 01 11 0 010 = 72H 7 2

Using the template for MOV r1, r2 we can generate opcodes of 26 = 64 opcodes. 8086 Template for data transfer between REG and R/M 1 0 0 0 1 0 D W MOD 2 bits REG 3 bits R/M 3 bits

REG = A register of 8086 (8-bit or 16-bits) (except Segment registers, IP, and Flags registers) Thus REG = AL/ BL/ CL/ DL/ AH/ BH/ CH/ DH/ AX/ BX/ CX/ DX/ SI/ DI/ BP/ SP R/ M = Register (as defined above) or Memory contents (8-bits or 16-bits) W = 1 means Word operation W = 0 means Byte operation

D = 1 means REG is Destination register D = 0 means REG is source register MOD = 00 means R/M specifies Memory with no displacement MOD = 01 means R/M specifies Memory with 8-bit displacement MOD = 10 means R/M specifies Memory with 16-bit displacement MOD = 11 means R/M specifies a Register 3-bit Register code 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 Register name When W = 1 When W = 0 AX AL CX CL DX DL BX BL SP AH BP CH SI DH DI BH ALl Children Drink Bournvita (AL, CL, DL, BL) SPecial Beverages SIamese DrInk (SP, BP, SI, DI)

Aid to remember:

Case of MOD = 11 Example: Code for MOV AX, BX treated as Move from BX to destination register AX D 1 W 1 Word operation B MOD 11 REG 00 0 AX is destination C R/M 011 BX 3

1 0 0 0

= 8B C3H

Example: Alternative code for MOV AX, BX treating it as Move from source register BX to register AX D 0 0 W 1 Word operation 9 MOD 11 REG 01 1 BX is source 8 R/M 000 AX

1 0 0 0

= 89 D8H

There are 2 possible opcodes for MOV AX, BX as we can choose either AX or BX as REG.

Example: Code for MOV AL, BH treated as Move from BL to destination register AL D 0 1 W 0 Byte operation A MOD 11 REG 00 0 AL is destination C R/M 111 BH 7

1 0 0 0

= 8A C7H

Example: Alternative code for MOV AL, BH treating it as Move from source register BH to register AL D 0 0 W 0 Byte operation 8 MOD 11 REG 11 1 BH is source R/M 000 AL 8

1 0 0 0

= 88 F8H

There are 2 possible opcodes for MOV AL, BH as we can choose either AL or BH as REG. Case of MOD = 00, 01 or 10 R/M MOD = 00 No Displacement [SI+BX] [DI+BX] [SI+BP] [DI+BP] [SI] [DI] [BP] Direct Addressing [BX] MOD = 01 8-bit signed displacement d8 [SI+BX+d8] [DI+BX+d8] [SI+BP+d8] [DI+BP+d8] [SI+d8] [DI+d8] [BP+d8] [BX+d8] MOD = 10 16-bit signed displacement d16 [SI+BX+d16] [DI+BX+d16] [SI+BP+d16] [DI+BP+d16] [SI+d16] [DI+d16] [BP+d16] [BX+d16]

000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111

The table shows 24 memory addressing modes i.e. 24 different ways of accessing data stored in memory. Aid to remember: SubInspector DIxit is a BoXer ( [SI+BX] and [DI]+[BX] ) SubInspector DIxit knows to control BP ( [SI+BP] and [DI]+[BP] ) He says SImple DIet DIRECTs a BoXer' ( [SI], [DI], Direct addressing, [BX] )

Ex: Code for MOV CL, [SI] D 1 W 0 Byte operation A MOD REG R/M 00 00 1 100 No CL is [SI] Disp. destination 0 C

1 0 0 0

= 8A 0CH

Note that there is a unique opcode for MOV CL, [SI] as CL only can be REG. Ex: Code for MOV 46H[BP], DX D 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 W 1 Word operation 9 MOD REG R/M d8 01 01 0 110 46H 8-bit DX is [BP+d8] Disp. source 5 6

= 89 56 46H

Note that there is a unique opcode for MOV 46H[BP], DX as DX only can be REG. Ex: Code for MOV 0F246H[BP], DX D 0 0 W 1 Word operation 9 MOD 10 16-bit Disp. 9 REG 01 0 DX is source R/M 110 [BP+d16] 6 d16 F2 46H

= 89 96 F2 46H Stored as 89 96 46 F2H in Little Endian

Note that there is a unique opcode for MOV 0F246H[BP], DX as DX only can be REG.

Ex: Code for MOV [BP], DX D 0 W 1 Word operation 9 MOD REG R/M d8 01 01 0 110 00H 8-bit DX is [BP+d8] Disp. source 5 6

1 0 0 0 1 0

= 89 56 00H

Note that MOV [BP], DX is treated as MOV 00H[BP], DX before coding.

Ex: Code for MOV BX, DS:1234H D 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 W 1 Word operation 8 B MOD 00 REG 01 1 R/M 110 Direct addr. E Direct addr 12 34H

= 8B 1E 12 34H Stored as 8B 1E 34 12H In Little Endian

No BX is Disp. Dest. 1

Note that when MOD = 00 and R/M = 110, it represents Direct Addressing.