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=
=
u
u
Wr
Wr
3
11.2. STATIC BALANCE MACHINES
4
11.3. DYNAMIC UNBALANCE
Consider the rotor, shown in the figure below with masses m
1
and m
2
placed at opposite ends of the rotor at distances r
1
and
r
2
respectively.
The rotor can be statically balanced in all angular positions if
m
1
= m
2
and r
1
= r
2
.
If the rotor is caused to rotate at e rad/s,
then centrifugal forces m
1
r
1
e
2
and m
2
r
2
e
2
act at masses m
1
and m
2
, respectively.
These forces produce different reactions
on the bearings at A and B.
The entire system of forces rotates with
the rotor at the speed of e rad/s, thus
causing the reaction forces to vary with it.
The requirement for dynamic balance is
the balance of forces due to the action of
inertia forces.
5
11.4. BALANCING OF DIFFERENT MASSES LYING IN THE SAME
TRANSVERSE PLANE
Consider the rotor carrying masses m
1
, m
2
, and m
3
at a radial
distances r
1
, r
2
, and r
3
, respectively, as shown below.
6
For balance of the rotor, the vector sum of all forces, including
the balancing mass, must be equal to zero; i.e.
In scalar terms, equation (4) is written as
Keeping in mind that the term is along r
i
away from the
center O.
Letting
and since is constant, equation (5) can be re-written as
( ) ) 4 ( 0
) 3 ( 0
= =
=
i i i i c
c
r m F
F
e e
) 5 ( 0
2
= =
i i i c
r m F e
i i i
r m
2
e
) 6 (
g
W
m
i
i
=
g
i
2
e
( ) ) 7 ( 0
2
=
i i
r W
g
e
7
Since cannot be zero for some finite value of e,
the above equation reduces to
where W
i
r
i
is a vector in the direction of the inertia force.
For balance of the rotor, equation (8) must be satisfied.
The value W
i
r
i
is tabulated and W
e
r
e
of the balancing mass is
determined so as to satisfy equation (8).
If the mass m
e
is set as the magnitude of the balancing mass,
the radial position of the balancing mass r
e
can then be
calculated, or vice-versa.
Equation (8) can be solved either graphically or analytically.
g
i
2
e
( ) ) 8 ( 0 =
i i
r W
8
11.5. BALANCING OF DIFFERENT MASSES ROTATING IN
DIFFERENT PLANES.
If the rotating masses lie in different transverse planes as shown
below, to achieve balance of the rotor, first, the equation
must be satisfied.
In addition balance of moments due to the inertia forces is also
required.
( ) ) 9 ( 0 =
i i
r W
9
For balance of the rotor, the following conditions must be
satisfied.
i. The sum of the inertia forces must be equal to zero, including those
due to the balancing masses; i.e.
ii. Moments of the inertia forces, including those of the balancing
masses, about an arbitrary axis must be equal to zero; i.e.
where a
i
s are the moment arms of each mass about the arbitrary
axis.
In general, where unbalanced masses lie in different transverse
and different axial planes, the resultant of the unbalanced forces
and the resultant of the unbalanced moments are in different
planes,
In which case a single balancing mass would not satisfy both
equation (10) and (11).
( ) ) 10 ( 0 =
i i
r W
( ) ) 11 ( 0 =
i i i
a r W
10
The inertia force of the balancing mass, given by R
e
, can be
obtained from
where W
i
are the weights of the unbalanced masses and r
i
are their
respective distances from the axis of rotation.
The moment due to the inertia of the balancing mass is
The moment arm of the balancing mass from the arbitrary axis is
obtained from
Equations (10) and (11) can be solved either graphically or
analytically.
( ) ) 12 (
=
i i e
r W R
( ) ) 13 (
=
i i i e
a r W M
( )
( )
) 14 (
= =
i i
i i i
e
e
e
r W
a r W
R
M
a
11