QAM implementation using LabVIEW

Talk Flow

What is QAM? Noise and Bit errors Pulse shaping Filter Comparison Virtual Instrumentation and LabVIEW Loops and Structures Front panel and Block Diagram for 16 QAM Constellation Diagram and eye diagram Result Advantages Disadvantages Application Conclusion

What is QAM?
Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is both an analog and a
digital modulation scheme.

QAM is a communication scheme that uses two carriers at the same

frequency, but 90 degrees out of phase,i.e., in quadrature, to modulate two separate message signals S(t) = m1 (t) cos (wct) + m2 (t) sin (wct)

The term M-QAM indicates that M voltage levels are used to encode
n bits in each symbol, where M = 2^n.

one of the popular methods known as 16-Quadrature Amplitude

Modulation (16-QAM).

 QAM is an important modulation scheme because of its widespread

adoption in current technologies.

This scheme can be implemented in LabVIEW with the use of the

NI Modulation Toolkit.

Noise and Bit Errors

One important performance criterion in a digital communication
system is the bit error ratio (BER) .

It is the ratio of the number of incorrectly received bits to the total

number of transmitted bits.

SNR is typically measured in terms of Eb=N0, where Eb is the

energy per bit and N0 is the noise power spectral density.

Pulse shaping Filter

Root raised cosine (RRC) filter.

Parameters
Alpha Filter length

Comparison
MODULATION BITS PER SYMBOL 1 ERROR MARGIN 1 1 COMPLEXITY

BPSK

Medium

QPSK

1 / 2
2 / 6 2 / 14

0.71
0.23 0.1

Medium

16 QAM

High

64 QAM

High

Virtual Instrumentation and LabVIEW

Virtual Instrumentation is the use of customizable software and
modular measurement hardware to create user-defined

measurement systems, called virtual instruments.

Lab VIEW ties the creation of user interfaces (called front panels)
into the development cycle. Lab VIEW programs/subroutines are called virtual instruments (VIs). Each VI has three components: 1. Block diagram 2. Connector pane 3. Front panel

 A key benefit of LabVIEW over other development environments is

the extensive support for accessing instrumentation hardware.

Powerful, flexible, and scalable design. Easy to learn, use, maintain, and upgrade .

Loops and Structures

Event structure
Like a Case Structure, the Event Structure contains multiple subdiagrams, each of which is configured to handle one or more events, which are user actions such as Key Down or Mouse Move.

 While loop
It repeats the subdiagram inside it until the conditional terminal, an input terminal, receives a particular Boolean value.

 Flat sequence structure

It consists of one or more sub diagrams, or frames, that execute sequentially.

FRONT PANEL FOR 16 QAM

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Constellation Diagram and eye diagram

The constellation points are usually arranged in a square grid with
equal vertical and horizontal spacing.

is an oscilloscope display in which a digital data signal from a

receiver is repetitively sampled and applied to the vertical input, while the data rate is used to trigger the horizontal sweep.

Result
Given parameters: Samples per symbol = 16, Symbol rate = 1000Hz, Message bits =
500, Eb/N0 = 81.03 dB, Root raised cosine filter with alpha = 0.5 and filter length = 8. The constellation and eye diagram for given parameters is as shown below

Advantages
QAM is an attractive alternative to SSB-SC. QAM is more exacting in terms of the carrier frequency
and phase or the requirement for a distortion-less transmission medium.

QAM appears to increase the efficiency of transmission

for radio communications systems by utilising both amplitude and phase variations.

Disadvantages
it is more susceptible to noise. linearity must be maintained.

APPLICATIONS
Cable communication for the transmission of DTV. Internet traffic between cable modem and modem
termination systems.

In many radio communications and data delivery

applications.

CONCLUSION
QAM is an important modulation scheme because of its
widespread adoption in current technologies.

Moreover, this scheme can be implemented in LabVIEW

with the use of the NI Modulation Toolkit.

This toolkit, in conjunction with the vector signal

generator and vector signal analyzer, implements QAM for signals in the real world.

THANK YOU