InternetinTunisia

Aymen Amri amri.aymen@gmail.com @eon01 Social Innovation In A Digital Context

Mars - 2013

International Carriers

International Carriers

SEA-ME-WE-4

SEA-ME-WE-4
Dubbed:SEAMEWE4 Cablelandsin: AlFujaurah(UAE),Alexandria(Egypt),Annaba(Algeria),Bizerte (Tunisia),Chennai(Madras)(India),Colombo(SriLanka),Cox'sBazaar (Bangladesh),Jeddah(SaudiArabia),Karachi(Pakistan),MalaccaTown (Malaysia),Marseille(France),Mumbai(India),Palermo(Italy),Satun (Thailand),Suez(Egypt),Tuas(Singapore). Willstretchabout:18800km Haveacapacityof:1.28Tbps InServicesince:2005

SEA-ME-WE-4

The South East AsiaMiddle EastWest Europe 4 (SEAMEWE 4) is intended to be a complementto,ratherthanareplacementfor,theSEAWEME3cable.) SEAMEWE4 carries telecommunication between Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Egypt,Italy,Tunisia,AlgeriaandFrance.

SEA-ME-WE-4

The SEA-ME-WE 4 is proposed and developed by the SEA-ME-WE 4 Consortium. The Consortium continues to maintain and operate the system. It comprises 16 telecommunications companies . In Tunisia , Tunisie Telecom operates , manages and administers this cable system . SEA-ME-WE 4 is used to carry telephone, internet, multimedia and various broadband data applications. SEA-ME-WE 4 has a faster rate of data transmission at 1.28 Tbit/s against SEAME-WE 3's 0.96 Tbit/s. A consortium of 16 international telecommunications companies signed construction and maintenance agreements for the optical fibre system The contract is being awarded jointly to Alcatel Submarine Networks, France and Fujitsu Ltd., Japan and the estimated project cost is of the order of US$ 500 million.

SEA-ME-WE-4

HANNIBAL

HANNIBAL
Dubbed:Hannibal Cablelandsin: Kelibia(Tunisia),MazaradelVallo(Italy) Willstretchabout:170km Haveacapacityof:3.2Tbps InServicesince:2009

HANNIBAL

PictureofHannibalSubseaCable

DubbedHannibal,inhonourofthecourageousCarthaginiangeneralwho sailedfromancientTunisiatoconquerItaly

HANNIBAL
Utilizing the resources of its parent companies, Huawei Technologies and GlobalMarineSystems,HuaweiMarinesuccessfullydeliveredtheprojectin justeightmonths.

Tunisie Telecom has brought digital independence to Tunisia by landing thecountrysfirst100%AfricanownedsubseacableinEurope.

The cables total capacity of 3.2 Terabytes per second is more than seven timesgreaterthanthatoftheconsortiumownedSEAMEWE4cablethat hadbeenservingTunisiapreviously.

ThisextracapacitywillenhanceTunisiasIPconnectioncapacities.

HannibalenableTunisiatoactastheinternethubforneighbouringNorth Africancountries.

Trapani-Kelibia (KELTRA-2)

Trapani-Kelibia (KELTRA-2)
Dubbed:TrapaniKelibia(KELTRA2) Cablelandsin: Kelibia(Tunisia),Trapani(Italy) Willstretchabout:209km Haveacapacityof:20Gbps Inservicesince:1994

Trapani-Kelibia (KELTRA-2)
Telecom Italia Sparkle and Tunisie Telecom announce the start of operation of KELTRA-2, the new 10 Gbit/s system connecting Kelibia (Tunisia) and Trapani (Italy).

KELTRA-2 can be the pillar of the cooperation between Tunisie Telecom and TI Sparkle, enabling both carriers to have a leading role in the Mediterranean basin .

This new submarine cable built by Alcatel-Lucent is a 2 x 10 Gbit/s unrepeatered DWDM system allows Tunisie Telecom & TI Sparkle customers to have a fully redundant connectivity between Europe and North Africa.

Internet via Satellite

Internetviasatelliteprovidersarenationalandinternational,offertwo waysatelliteinternetaccessforprofessionalsandindividuals. AfriqueTelecom GlobalTT IsoTropicNetworks LAMITCo OrbitResearch TempestTelecom TS2 Tunet TopnetPro

Internet Traffic

General Informations
Topleveldomain(TLD):.tn Access:Availablethroughoutthecountryusingafibreopticbackbone InternetServiceProviders(ISPs):12(2005) Internationalbandwidth:62Gbit/sin2012,50Gbit/sin2010,1.3 Gbit/sin2006 Internetusers:4,196,564(2012),[11]840,000(2005);410,000(2001) Internetpenetration:39.1%(2011),36.8%(2010),17.1%(2007),9.7% (2005),2.8%(2000) Fixed(wired)Internetsubscriptions:604,102(2011);543,290(2010); 253,149(2007);150,220(2005);36,657(2000) BroadbandInternetsubscribers:544,392or5.1%(2011),[14]481,810or 4.6%(2010),372,818or3.6%(2009),43,845or0.4%(2006) Facebooksubscribers:2,602,640(2011) Facebookpenetration:24.5%(2011) PublicCyberCafs:350(2005)

Major ISP
PublicISP: TunisianInternetAgency; ComputingcenterElKhwarizmi; InformaticsCentreoftheministryofpublichealth; NationalInstituteofofficeautomationandpersonalcomputers; Institutionofresearchandhigheragriculturaleducation DefenseISP; PrivateISP: GlobalNet; HexaByte; Orange; Topnet; Tunet;

Major ISP

Key Events

The Tunisian Internet Agency (ATI)

ATI , New Challenges

GlobalNet
GlobalNet,morecommonlyknownGnetisaproviderof InternetaccessinTunisia.

Oneofthetwohistoricalsuppliers,sinceithasobtained thelicenseofInternetin1997.

Ownedbythetechnologyorientedgroup3S(Standard SharingSoftware)

Gnetaimstoprovideservicesforindividualsand professionals:individualsubscriptions,professionals dedicatedaccess,ADSLaccess,VPNandhostingweb servers.

Orange Tunisia

OrangeTunisiaisthesecondlargestprivatetelecommunicationsoperator Itisalsothefirstintermsoflicensetooperatea3Gnetwork OrangeTunisiabrokethemonopolyofTunisieTelecominfixedtelephony.

ItistheresultofanalliancebetweenOrangeSA(49%)andInvestec(51%), ownedbyMabroukGroupandledbyMarouaneMabrouksoninlawofformer PresidentZineelAbidineBenAli.

FollowingthefalloftheregimeofPresidentBenAliinJanuary2011,a controversywasborninlateFebruaryontheconditionsforgrantingtheoperator ofthelicenseforthe3Gnetwork.

Althoughthedirectiondenies,the51%ownedbyInvestecareconfiscatedbythe StateonMarch29ofthesameyear.

HexaByte
ThecompanyHexabytewascreatedin2001asalimited companyunderTunisianlawwithaninitialcapitalof280000 TunisianDinar,whichispassedtoend2010to1,750,000 TunisianDinar.

HexabyteismainlycontrolledbythefamilyHidoussi.

Sinceitsinception,thecompanywasmanagedbytheCEO NaceurHidoussi.

TheactivityofthecompanyasInternetServiceProvider "ISP"isgovernedbytheTelecommunicationsCode.

Tunet
TunetabbreviationofTunisiaNetworkisanISP,hostingand InternetservicesinTunisia.

Itisanaffiliateoftheprivatetelecommunicationsoperator Tunisiana.

Internet Use
Tunisiahasoneofthemostdevelopedtelecommunications infrastructuresinNorthAfricawithbroadbandpricesamongthelowestin Africa.

InMarch2010therewere3,600,000Internetusers,33.9%ofthe population,upfrom9.3%in2006.(InternetWorldStats)

InJune2012therewere4,196,564Internetuserswhichmeans39.1%of thepopulation(InternationalTelecommunicationUnion).

Thiscomparesfavorablywiththeworldaverageof30.2%,theAfrican averageof11.4%,andtheMiddleEastaverageof31.7%.

84%ofInternetusersaccessedtheInternetathome,75.8%atwork,and 24%usepublicInternetcafs

Internet Use
Therearealso281publinets(publicInternetaccess)spreadover thewholeterritory.

InJune2011,therewere2,602,640Facebookusersfora24.5% penetrationrate.

Thiscompareswellwiththe10.3%ratefortheworldasawhole, 3.0%forAfrica,andthe7.5%ratefortheMiddleEast.

InDecember2012,therewere3,328,300Facebooksubscribers.

Internet Use

FacebookUsers&DemographyforTunisia(2013)

Internet Use

User age distribution on Facebook in Tunisia / Male/Female User Ratio on Facebook in Tunisia

Internet Use

NumberofsubscriptionstotheInternet

Internet Use

NumberofpublicInternetcafs

Internet Use

Numberofwebsites

Internet Use

Numberofcomputersper100inhabitants

Top 10 visited Websites

Facebook YouTube Google.tn Google.com Google.fr Blogspot.com Tunisiasat.com Yahoo.com Wikipedia.org Babylon.com

(AccordingtoAlexa)

Top 10 Tunisian Media Sites

Mosaiquefm.net Shemsfm.net Attounissia.com.tn Jawharafm.net Businessnews.com.tn Tuniscope.com Tunivisions.net Ettounsiyatv.com Assabahnews.tn Aljarida.com.tn

(AccordingtoAlexa)

Censorship - The Ben Ali Regime

Censorship - The Ben Ali Regime

Via Freedom House

Censorship - The Ben Ali Regime

WebfilteringinTunisiawasachievedthroughtheuseofacommercialsoftware program,SmartFilter,soldbyU.S.basedcompanySecureComputing.

AllfixedlineInternettrafficpassedthroughfacilitiescontrolledbyATI,the governmentwasabletoloadthesoftwareontoitsserversandfiltercontent consistentlyacrossTunisiaselevenISPs.

TunisiapurposefullyhidthefilteringfromInternetusersbydisplayingthe standard404FileNotFounderrormessage,whichgivesnohintthatthe requestedsiteisbeingblocked.

AtransparentproxyprocessedeveryHTTPrequestsentoutandfilteredout sitesbasedonhostnames.

Manywebsitesofpoliticaloppositiongroupswerefiltredandblocked.

WebsitesthatcriticizeTunisia'shumanrightsrecord,wereblocked.

Censorship - The Ben Ali Regime

Manywebsites/protocol/servicesweretemporarilyorpermanently blocked:

Facebook,Dalymotion,Wikipedia,Blip,WatTv,AlJazeera, Rue89,20minutes,LePost,Libration,Youtube,Metacafe.com, Agoravox.fr,Flicker..etc Morethan100Facebookprofile. Twitteraccounts. SMTPprotocol,systemssuchasVoiceoverInternetProtocol (VoIP). MassGmailPhishing.

Case Study : Mass Gmail Phishing

Case Study : Mass Gmail Phishing

DNSspoofing(orDNScachepoisoning)isacomputerhackingattack, wherebydataisintroducedintoaDomainNameSystem(DNS)name server'scachedatabase,causingthenameservertoreturnanincorrectIP address,divertingtraffictoanothercomputer(oftentheattacker's).

AccesstothesecureversionofGmailwascensored.

Case Study : Mass Gmail Phishing

EasyPHPwasusedtorunafakeGmail.

Case Study : Mass Gmail Phishing

Thehackingmethodwasbasically:

BlockaccesstothesecureGmailsothatTunisiansarerequired tosigninviaanonsecureGmail. DivertthemtoamachinerunningafakeGmailloginpageunder EasyPHP,tostealtheirpasswords. Later,whenneeded,hacktheiremailaccounts.

Censorship Following the Revolution

InternetcensorshipinTunisiasignificantlydecreasedinJanuary2011, followingtheousterofPresidentZineElAbidineBenAli,asthenew actinggovernmentremovedfiltersonsocialnetworkingsitessuchas FacebookandYouTube.

AftertheTunisianrevolutiongreaterfreedomofexpressiononlinewas established.

InMarch2011,ReportersWithoutBordersmovedTunisiafromits "Internetenemies".

In2012theOpenNetInitiativefoundnoevidenceofInternetfilteringin thepolitical,social,conflict/security,andInternettoolsareas.

In2011ReportersWithoutBorderslistedTunisiaas"Under Surveillance".

Censorship Following the Revolution

InMaythePermanentMilitaryTribunalofTunisorderedfourFacebook pagesblockedforattempting"todamagethereputationofthemilitary institution.

OnMay26agroupoflawyersobtainedacourtorderforcingtheTunisian InternetAgency(ATI)toblockpornsites

TheATIisundergoinganappealsprocesswithcountry'shighestcourton thegroundsthatitcannotupholdtherulingbecauseitlacksthefinancial andtechnicalmeanstoimplementasufficientfilteringandcensorship system.

Despitethecountry'slatestInternetpolicyreforms,censorshipis allegedlyenacteduponmediaactiviststhatfailtocomplywithJebali CabinetmembersidealsofTunisiantraditionandculture.

Censorship Following the Revolution

Future of Censorship ?
Theamountofthreats,incitements,disinformationandfalsepropaganda hasincreasedespeciallyonFacebook.

Mars2013:ThecreationoftheTechnicalAgencyfor Telecommunications.

TheprojectistheresultofgovernmentaldiscussionssinceDecember 2012.

Theresult:Asuggestionfromtheministerofinteriortocreatea specializedagencyinthefightagainstInternetcrime.

ApossiblereturnofAmmar404(?) Tobecontinued..

Webography
http://www.cablemap.info/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEA-ME-WE_4#Management_and_administration http://www.seamewe4.com/inpages/about_sea_me_we_4.asp http://www.gawkwire.com/technology/new_subsea_cable_brings_digital_independen ce_to_tunisia.html http://www.huaweimarine.com/marine/marine/commonWeb.do? method=showContent&webId=272 http://www.slideshare.net/mchakchouk/ati-ab1103102011-9547841 (20,21,22,23 - M. Chakchouk Keynote at the 3rd Arab Bloggers Meeting) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Tunisia#Internet http://www.tekiano.com/net/actu/5488leschiffresdelinternettunisien.html http://advocacy.globalvoicesonline.org/2010/07/05/massgmailphishingin tunisia/ http://www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/Freedom%20OnThe%20Net_Full %20Report.pdf

Internet in Tunisia

Thanks..
AymenAmri amri.aymen@gmail.com twitter.com/eon01

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