Form 1, 2 and 3

Topic 6: Algebraic Expressions

1. Additions
6.1 Simplify
Memorize:
2
1. a x a = a
2
2. a x a =
3. ab x a =
2
2
4. (x y)(xyz ) =
1. Expanding one bracket
(a) a(b + c) =
(b)a(b c) =
(c) -a(b + c) =
(d)-a(b c) =
Example 1:
Simplify x 2(x + y)

Example 4:
2
Simplify (x 1) 5 + 2x

Exercise 6:
Simplify
1. 3(x 2) + 5

2.

4x - 3(2 x)

Example 2:
Simplify x (x - y)

(6m + 2n) (7m + 5n)

3.

2.

Expanding Two Bracket

(a) (a + b)(c + d)

4.

-5x (3x y)

2
(b) (a + b)

5.

(x 2) 4 + x

Example 3:
Expand (x 1)(x + 2)

6.

4x(x 2y) 2y(y 2x)

7.

2[y 3(y 1)]

13. FORMAT PENTAKSIRAN

Simplify
(a) 3x 2(3 x)
2
(b) (p 4) 16 p + 2p

8.

-8x 3(x 2)

14. P2 PMR 2004

2
Simplify (3x 1) (7x + 4)

9.

2
-8x 3(x 2)

Form 1, 2 and 3
Topic 6: Algebraic Expressions

2
10. 4y 7 (y 2)(2y + 3)

11. Simplify
(a) 5y 3(4 3y)
2
(b) (y 5) 25 + 4y

12. Simplify
(a) 2(x + 3y) 5y
(b) (2p 3) 9 4p

6.2 Factorisation
Division 1:
Expanding : a(b + c) =
Factorise completely: ab + ac =
Example:
2
1. 2xy 4 yz
2.

4x y + 2yx 8xz

Division 2:
Expanding (a-b)(a+b) =
2
2
Factorise completely : a b
= Example:
2
2
1. x y =
2

2.

x -4

3.

4x 16y

4.

x -1

5.

2x - 8

Division 3:
Expanding : (x 1)(x + 2)
2
Factorise completely: x + x - 2

14. x + 5x + 6
...
...
...

Example:
2
1. x x -12

...
2
15. x 4x + 3
...
...
...

2. x + x - 12
Division 4.
Factorise completely: ax ay + 3x 3y

...
4
16. 16 x
...
...
...

Example:
1. st 4tu + 3sv 12uv

...
3
17. 36x x
...
...
...
...
2
18. x + 6x + 5

Exercise 7:
Factorise completely
2
11. 4x -8x y

...
...

...
...
...
2
12. 8x - 2

...
19. pq 4p + 3q - 12

...
...
...
...
...
2
13. x + 6x + 8

...

...

...

...

20. x 3x + xy 3y
...

3.
Algebraic Fraction
Example:
1. Additions

...

(a)

21.
FORMAT PENTAKSIRAN
Factorise completely
(a)
3x 6xy
2
(b)
-y(x + y) + 2x

...
...

...

...

...

... (b)

...

3 m 2
+
2m 6m 2

...

Note: Add in the bracket first

...

...

...

...

22.
P2 PMR 2004
Factorise completely
2
(a)
9xy 3x
2
(b)
p 6(p + 1) (8 p)
...
...

...
...
...
Note:
Simplify in simplest form
o a + 4b =

...

...

a
=
4a
( x 1)
=
(1 x)
a + 2b

...
o

2
a + 2a

...
23.

P2 PMR 2005

Factorise completely

2.Subtractions
(a)

1
2

(a)
(b)

2
a

...
...
...
...
...
...
...

...

...

3 2m

2m 6m 2

(b)
...

...

3.

Express

p p 6

as a fraction in
m 4 pm

24.

simplest term.

a+b a

b
3b
ab
...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...
...
(factorise denominator and numerator)

...
25.

1 p3

2p 6p2

...

...

...
(simplify)

...

...

26.

h + 3 h2

4hj
2j

Exercise 2:
Express the folowing algbraic fraction below as
a fraction in simplest term.
21.

...

4k h+2

hk
2k

...
...

...

...

...

...

...
22.

...

mn

mn

...
...
...
...
...
...

27.

2k + 3 k + 2

3
2
1

a4

...

...

...

...

...
23.
2

...

2a

6a

...

28.

2 3

x xy

...

29.

3x

x1

6x

Express

...
...

30.

xy

33. P2 PMR 2004

4x

k
m

k 6

as a fraction in simplest

4km

term.
...
...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

Note

31. FORMAT PENTAKSIRAN

2

...

k k 6

as a fraction in simplest
m 4km

...
...
...
...

...

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

Express
term.

...
...
...
...
...
...

32. P2 PMR 2004

1
P
1

3
Express
2 as a fraction in
2m mp

simplest term.

...
...
...
...

...
...
...
...
...

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

7. Algebraic Expressions

27. PMR 2005

22. PMR 2004

1 m+ 2
as a single fraction in

2m 6m 2

Simplify (3x 1) (7 x +

Express

[2 marks]

its simplest form.

[3 marks]

4)

23. PMR 2004

Factorise completely
(i)

9xy 3x

(ii)

p 6( p + 1) (8 p )
2

[3 marks]

Factorise completely 4e 12ef

[2 marks]

1
1 p

29. PMR 2006

Simplify 3(2 p 5) + ( p 3)2
[2 marks]

24. PMR 2004

Express

28. PMR 2006

as a single

2m mp

30. PMR 2006

fraction in simplest form.

1
[3 marks]

25. PMR 2005

Simplify (2 p q )2 + q(4 p q )
[2 marks]

Express

5m

5 2e

as a single fraction in

15mp

26. PMR 2005

Factorise completely each of the following
expressions

its simplest form.

[3 marks]

(a)
4e
(b)

12ef
3x 2
48

[3 marks]