Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
RAGHAVENDRA REDDY
Contents.
What is noise? What is noise cancellation? Simple idea. Wave cancellation. Active noise cancellation (ANC). Applications. Adaptive filter. Comparison Adaptive algorithm (LMS & RMS). Simulation. Conclusion.
What is noise?
Noise consists of unwanted waveforms that can interfere with communication. sound noise: interferes with your normal hearing Loud noises Subtle noise White noise (AWGN)
Fiq(1):AWGN
More effective at low frequencies. Less bulky. Able to block noise selectively
Cont.
These technologies are in their early stages.
The hope is that one day that these technologies can be used to minimize all sorts of unwanted sounds around us
Simple Idea
Cancellation processes depend on simple principle adding two signals with the same . amplitude and opposite phase the result will be zero signals.
(H)
Simple wave
complex wave
Applications
Headsets (headphone) Honda cars. Space satellite antennas. Use in apartment. .NoiseMuter
Condition/coder
Original
NoiseMuter Processed
Original
NoiseMuter processed
Adaptive filter
nonlinear and time-variant . adjust themselves to an ever-changing environment . changes its parameters so its performance improves through its surroundings.
Adaptive Filter
Input signal
Filter structure
Output signal
Adaptive algorithm
Criterion of performance
?
+ N1(n) Reference signal adaptive y(n) e(n) output
Adaptive algorithm
An adaptive algorithm is used to estimate a time varying signal. By adjusting the filter coefficients so as to minimize the error. There are many adaptive algorithms like Recursive Least Square (RLS), Kalman filter, but the most commonly used is the Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm.
LMS algorithm
d(n)
Estimates the solution to the X(n) Weiner-Hopf equations using gradient descent method which finds minima by estimating the gradient.
C(n)
LMS
Cont..
X(n) Adaptive filter Unknown system
y(n)
d(n)
e(n)
filtering operation with the previous version of the coefficients. Compare the computed output with the expected output.
Update the coefficients using the following computation.
Experiment
Click to listen original sound Click to listen nosily sound
conclusion
Active noise cancellation is a method to cancel out undesirable sound in real time. The adaptive filter is used to estimate the error in noisy wave Many algorithms are used in adaptive filter like LMS RLS & MSE and the better is RLS .