LP BI DNG KIN THC 10, 11, 12 v N THI I HC mn HA HC Thy L Phm Thnh

LTH 12. HIROCACBON (P.01)

Dng 1. Phn ng th halogen ca hirocacbon no 12.1. Ankan to c dn xut monoclo trong clo chim 33,33% v khi lng. Xc nh CTPT ca ankan X. 12.2. Mt ankan to c dn xut monobrom trong brom chim 73,39% v khi lng. xc nh CTPT ca ankan. 12.3. Ankan X c cacbon chim 83,33% khi lng phn t. X tc dng vi brom un nng c chiu sng c th to 4 dn xut ng phn cha mt nguyn t brom trong phn t. Xc nh CTCT v tn X. 12.4. Mt ankan tc dng vi brom un nng to c mt dn xut monobrom duy nht trong brom chim 49,08% v khi lng. Xc nh CTCT v gi tn ca ankan. 12.5. C6H14 tc dng vi clo to c hai dn xut monoclo. Xc nh CTCT v tn ca C6H14. 12.6. C5H12 tc dng vi clo to c ba dn xut monoclo. Xc nh CTCT v tn ca C5H12. 12.7. Cho m gam ankan X tc dng Cl2 chiu sng ch thu c mt dn xut monoclo duy nht Y c khi lng 8,52 gam. trung ha ht kh HCl cn 80 ml dd NaOH 1M. Xc nh CTCT X, Y. 12.8. Cho ankan X tc dng brom thu c mt dn xut cha brom c t khi i vi khng kh bng 5,207. Xc nh CTCT v gi tn ca ankan X. 12.9. Mt ankan phn ng vi clo theo t l mol 1 : 2 thu c sn phm cha 83,53% clo v khi lng. Xc nh CTPT ca ankan ? 12.10. Khi cho X tc dng vi brom thu c dn xut brom, trong dn xut cha brom nhiu nht c t khi so vi hiro bng 101. S ng phn dn xut cha brom l bao nhiu ? 12.11. Khi clo ha (c chiu sng) 6,72 lt ankan X (ktc) to dn xut th cha 1, 2, 3 nguyn t clo vi t l th tch l 1 : 2 : 3. Sn phm th cha 2 clo c t khi i vi khng kh l 2,932. a) Xc nh CTCT ca ankan v tnh khi lng tng dn xut. b) Phn ng ca X vi Cl2 c chiu sng xy ra theo c ch no ? 12.12. Khi tin hnh phn ng th gia ankan X vi hi brom c chiu sng thu c hn hp Y ch cha hai sn phm. T khi hi ca Y so vi khng kh l 4. Xc nh CTCT ca X. Lin h : Thy L Phm Thnh (E-mail : thanh.lepham@gmail.com Phone : 0976.053.496)

LP BI DNG KIN THC 10, 11, 12 v N THI I HC mn HA HC Thy L Phm Thnh

12.13. Mt ankan X th kh iu kin thng v nng hn khng kh. a) Xc nh CTCT ca X bit X ch cho mt sn phm th monoclo. b) Trn 6 gam X vi Cl2 ri a ra ngoi nh sng c hai sn phm th monoclo v iclo (th lng). Cho hn hp kh cn li phn ng va vi 150 ml dung dch NaOH 1M c dung dch Y, cn li mt kh duy nht thot ra khi bnh c th tch bng 2,24 lt (ktc). Xc nh khi lng mi sn phm th. 12.14. Cho 5,6 lt ankan kh X (27,3oC v 2,2 atm) tc dng vi clo ngoi nh sng ch to mt dn xut clo duy nht c khi lng l 49,5 gam. a) Xc nh CTCT c th c ca ankan. b) Xc nh % th tch ca X v clo trong hn hp u. Bit t khi hi ca hn hp so vi H2 bng 30,375. Mt s bi tp trc nghim 12.15. Khi cho isopentan tc dng vi Cl2 theo t l mol 1:1 th s lng sn phm th monoclo to thnh l A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. 12.16. Khi cho 2-metylbutan tc dng vi Cl2 theo t l mol 1:1 th to ra sn phm chnh l A. 1-clo-2-metylbutan. B. 2-clo-2-metylbutan. C. 2-clo-3-metylbutan. D. 1-clo-3-metylbutan. 12.17. Khi clo ha C5H12 vi t l mol 1:1 thu c mt sn phm th monoclo duy nht. Danh php IUPAC ca ankan l A. 2,2-imetylpropan. B. 2-metylbutan. C. pentan. D. 2-imetylpropan. 12.18. Khi clo ha metan thu c mt sn phm th cha 89,12% clo v khi lng. Cng thc ca sn phm l A. CH3Cl. B. CH2Cl2. C. CHCl3. D. CCl4. 12.19. Cho 4 cht: metan, etan, propan v n-butan. S lng cht to c mt sn phm th monoclo duy nht l A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. 12.20. Khi clo ha mt ankan c cng thc phn t C6H14, ngi ta ch thu c 2 sn phm th monoclo. Danh php IUPAC ca ankan l A. 2,2-imetylbutan. B. 2-metylpentan. C. hexan. D. 2,3-imetylbutan. 12.21. Khi clo ha hn hp 2 ankan, ngi ta ch thu c 3 sn phm th monoclo. Tn gi ca 2 ankan l A. etan v propan. B. propan v iso-butan. C. iso-butan v n-pentan. D. neo-pentan v etan. Lin h : Thy L Phm Thnh (E-mail : thanh.lepham@gmail.com Phone : 0976.053.496)

LP BI DNG KIN THC 10, 11, 12 v N THI I HC mn HA HC Thy L Phm Thnh

Dng cho cu 22, 23. Hn hp X gm mt ankan v 2,24 lt Cl2 (ktc). Chiu nh sng qua X thu c 4,26 gam hn hp Y gm hai dn xut (mono v iclo vi t l mol tng ng l 2 : 3) th lng v 3,36 lt hn hp kh Z (ktc). Cho Z tc dng vi NaOH va thu c dung dch c th tch 200ml v tng nng mol ca cc mui tan l 0,6M. 12.22. Tn gi ca ankan l A. metan. B. etan. C. propan. D. n-butan. 12.23. Phn trm th tch ca ankan trong hn hp X l A. 30%. B. 40%. C. 50%. D. 60%. 12.24. Khi brom ho mt ankan X ch thu c mt dn xut monobrom duy nht c t khi hi so vi hiro l 75,5. Tn ca X l A. 3,3-imetylhexan. B. isopentan. C. 2,2,3-trimetylpentan. D. 2,2-imetylpropan. 12.25. Ankan Y c cng thc phn t l C6H14. S ng phn dn xut monoclo thu c khi thc hin phn ng th halogen vo Y l 2. Cng thc cu to ca Y l
CH3 CH3 C CH3 CH2 CH3
CH3 CH CH3 CH3 CH CH CH CH CH CH2 CH2 CH3

A.
CH

B.
CH CH CH CH

2 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 D. . C. 12.26. Cho phn ng: X + Cl2 2-clo-2-metylbutan. X c th l hidrocacbon no sau y ? A. CH3CH2CH2CH(CH3)2. B. CH3CH2CH(CH3)2. C. CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH3)2. D. CH3CH2CH2CH3. 12.27. Ankan Y c hm lng cacbon l 84,21%. Y phn ng vi Cl2 (1:1) trong nh sng ch cho mt dn xut monoclo duy nht. Cng thc cu to ca Y l

CH

CH3 CH3 C CH3

CH3 C CH3 CH3

CH3 CH3 C CH3 CH3

A.
CH3 CH2

B.

CH3 CH CH3 CH CH2 CH3

CH3 CH CH CH CH 3

C.

D.

CH3 CH3 CH3

Lin h : Thy L Phm Thnh (E-mail : thanh.lepham@gmail.com Phone : 0976.053.496)

LP BI DNG KIN THC 10, 11, 12 v N THI I HC mn HA HC Thy L Phm Thnh

chung cho cu 28 v 29. Cho m gam hirocacbon X thuc dy ng ng ca metan tc dng vi clo c chiu sng, ch thu c mt dn xut clo duy nht Y vi khi lng 8,52 gam. trung ha ht kh HCl sinh ra cn 80ml dung dch NaOH 1M. 12.28. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y ln lt l A. (CH3)2CH v (CH3)2CCl. B. (CH3)4C v (CH3)3CCH2Cl. C. (CH3)3CC(CH3)3 v (CH3)3CC(CH3)2(CH2Cl). D. (CH3)2CHCH(CH3)2 v (CH3)2CHCCl(CH3)2. 12.29. Nu hiu sut ca phn ng clo ha l 80% th gi tr ca m l A. 3,6. B. 7,2. C. 7,112. D. 11,4. 12.30. Tin hnh phn ng clo ha 3-metylpentan t l 1:1, ta c th thu c bao nhiu dn xut monoclo l ng phn ca nhau ? A. 4. B. 5. C. 2. D. 3. chung cho cu 31 v 32. Cho 80 gam metan phn ng vi clo c chiu sng thu c 186,25 gam hn hp X gm hai cht hu c Y v Z. T khi hi ca Y v Z so vi metan tng ng l 3,15625 v 5,3125. trung ha ht kh HCl sinh ra cn va ng 8,2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M. 12.31. Cng thc cu to ca Y v Z ln lt l A. CCl4 v CH2Cl2. B. CH3Cl v CH2Cl2. C. CH3Cl v CHCl3. D. CHCl3 v CH2Cl2. 12.32. Hiu sut ca phn ng to Y v Z ln lt l A. 50% v 26%. B. 25% v 25%. C. 30% v 30%. D. 30% v 26%. 12.33. Monoxicloankan X c t khi so vi nit bng 3. X tc dng vi clo c chiu sng ch cho mt dn xut monoclo duy nht. Cng thc cu to ca X l
CH3
CH3
3 A. B. . C. 3 D. 3 12.34. Ankan X phn ng vi clo theo t l 1:2 thu c sn phm cha 83,53% clo v khi lng. CTPT ca X l: A. metan. B. etan. C. propan. D. butan. 12.35. t chy hon ton m gam hirocacbon no X thu c 20,16 lt CO2 v 16,2 gam H2O. Mt khc khi ha hi m gam X s chim th tch ng bng th tch ca 3,2 gam oxi (o trong cng iu kin T, P). Bit X phn ng vi clo (c askt) ch thu c mt dn xut monoclo duy nht. S CTCT ca X tha mn l A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.

CH3 HC CH

HC

Tham kho thm ti liu : L Phm Thnh, Nguyn Thnh Sn. Ngn hng cu hi trc nghim Ha Hc Trung hc ph thng (Tp 2. Hu c), NXB HSP, 02/2010 (in ln u), 05/2011 (ti bn ln u). Lin h : Thy L Phm Thnh (E-mail : thanh.lepham@gmail.com Phone : 0976.053.496)