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,e Y Mh ,HS adG OJEH SGQd
.GS g bCGh aSh
Gje OY jT fjR c ,FGdG dEG Y eY
FdG Iah'' Me GNEG MbG ,WdG d
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HdG ,Gjc Y S ,c ,gh ,LhO QGZ Y
...fH YH ,dW jOf ,dQb dEG aVEG ,cR
H qY hJ LQ hCG cJCG .qe ASCG fc
OLh -j d dG ,cR HdG MdG c ,Le
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dG dBG .MdG f Y CGbCG fCGh d AUEG
c -dG MQ- HdG CG Y H a d ,GfBG
c gh ,e gh LhR NCG fC e Ye
dG dG hdG fCG .dG a J CG q j
CG c ,ec TCG J dG SG ,GfBG H Qe
c ,c eMdG J d d CG a fCG
fC QSH j c dG C ,GL Sb eCG
L a dG SQeC Lh ,QdG a e ICGeG
fc dLdG dG bCG ,hCG VdG H ..e
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q Y Sb
L fc e HJ ,d OhM H TCa ,dG eCG
T a GQe J UCGh JOaCG ,S hCG
.dG

:cR gh dG
QdG ..dGh :JM a LQ
cR HdGh
h e j d dGh ,GL VGe FY e L
SQe a ZQ eY ,GQeh e c d ,e
Uf dh ,Of d ,AhH e QhJ ,dG
j e hCG UCa ,ZH bG e YS , jCG
Gd ,Y Hj dhCG dG a jh VhY
GJH H ,d S ,dGNCGh eYCG j d dG
.H jQa gQhH
e dG CGH ,dG JM a H Qe Ic MGe
Lh Y e H a c dG ,RQH jdG e
dG a JGQb eGh dEG ea ,dYC Ff
YCGh ,qdEG GL SGh HL ,dG HdG dH
c ejCG .1950 a dP c ..dh ahM QH
g fch ,dYCG c a YRj c ,jd q dG fc
,eBG Y dG VY a ,dG J
QJ d ..UdG ce RhJ Y JYSh
ibCG fc bGU d ,ae c ..ej dG
.62 H e dEG SGh
cCG d ,dGh dG fY ,V Y c IQdG a
HH J d dG ,jQf fdG Y bCa ,e eCG
QjO a e e SG eY M ,Lh a
.jQf Y gPC ZCG c ,dG
dG J ,WdG jdG L Qb ,1957 a
,J QdG e hCG LhR e a ,WdG
AGOC MdG gQNG dG GUCG e IMGh ch
,Ohc e ,edG W ,SGhQ MdG Y :dG
g Af HQCG dEG aVEG ,LQGS Qhb ,Ohc S
2012 fL 31

12


:''Rf FGdG'' `d bR L IQcdG

GHG J dG dG Y
JdG ICGdG de aQh
Aeh ad j L CG ,IGOCG Oe ICGdG J ,V Ge dEG dG dG aO LJ CG j fEG ,Ggh eL e ,bR L IQcdG J
AdG L be a H gOLh a ICGdG LGh dG bGdGh ,FGdG dG dG FN dEG ''Rf FGdG'' e gQGM a IPSCG Jh .GdG
.jFGdG MdG Qe a IY M fc fEG j dG dG

edG dG H GdG Y GPe

adG dGh RQH SFH
?AdG L eYH

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a ,jFGdG ICGdG e J d e K
IAVEG e e bCGh ,dG I M
g bG OGQCG GPEG ICGda ,aGZdGh
fCG ZQ ,dG a HU J jOdG
fCG EG ,dG H d ddG dG jN
dG dG dG J a HU J
dG iMEG NO CG M GPEGh .g cG
bGh e e dP bCG fCG .fhdH UJ
.Ga e dh

HdG dH YCG j c adG QdG

jQdGh HOCG GdG e Ie dG
,ICGd e JSe Me c c ,HdG
e SEG bH hNCj FCG c PEG
fc VGa ,edG QdG eCG .dG
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Gd ,IdG FGdG a SdG MdG
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dG EG d NGe a b
bGdG a dV Lh FGdG
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?HdG Y GPeh
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,fc Y ICGdG a q J dG QGhOCG g

M LdG C ,gGS aJ dG adG eBG
gQhO Y bj ICGdG Y j eY
,dG a ce LhRh Heh Cc LddG
LhCG S f Y ICGdG c GPEG H
IadG UdG gCG Gd .GgO Ie H
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FH a b j b ,J
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L g FGdG a dG SQe GC H e hCG

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GQGOEG eh SdG e J

dG g e ,j ah VQ e b j b NGB H bh ,MUEG L H ,dG AdG

a cQTh ddG GHCG NOh ,SDdGh
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.LCG

13 2012 fL 31

,d dG If g dG If CG cCG
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a cQdGh dG dh GfBG ICGdG a
bh YdG OGY a Nj a Me Y
Y CG f ,BG .dSGh adGh ,AdG

M J H Jfe H J Jda
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IGOCG dEG MdG dG q j CG jQCG ,TCG
L j CG jQCG h ,jfCG ZQ Y d
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Ie a KEG f c ,jdG fdG FdG a fG dG dG
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,dG e dEG IaGdG dBG e edG ch OdG dGh OdG Y
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dH bO Z SCG Y j H e
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QN j CG j fEa ,HdG jOdG
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a J dG jOdG jd dH
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M T h j S HdG jbdG aQ LWH dG QcdG

e QNGh dN e GHEG dheh a

J a ZQh ATCd a e e Aj
Qd dCdG g a dG JCGh .jhCJh
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dG'' a jQP a f fC
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LDhGC c dG SCG gJ dEG fdG
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g dEG UdGh ,SdG jOdG H e
N H TCG c e d d c e MdG
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jOdG SGQdG cGe Y fK L eh
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H ,Ic MCG a ,bY hJ

bY HdG WdG QN j
CG bCG .M fCc ,WT
jOdG SGQdG e JOSG
dEG LH X jdG HdG
c a f IOYEG dEG ,Ae
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bdG j GDdG e fL c GPEG
a hCG jdG a AGS HdG jdH
bY Y jd SGh e a ,jdG
bh ,FdG CGdG c GPEGh ,jdG H
H bdG j ,JZe H d J
e iQCG fEa ,OGSG Y Fb jdG
iNCG jdG H bY ah ,Qe
HOCG JGQH bY jCG a NOCG dG
,OGSG Y J fCG jdG HdG
YdG e Yf eCGh ,YdG Y dh
HdG jMh ffdGh HdG jb ,e
jg SCGh ,S NBGh HjEG YJ H
Y j CG j d dG edG
Hbh Ie J b QKBG e e c
ILY hCG bfh HjEG dG a Qd
a dd ,dG M a dG Y
j ,YdG bdG g f a SSCG
c ,HOCG dG CG gh eg IcQ Y
e ef CG j feRh Yf c
XCG h (HY hCG HZ) IOe LH
e fG IQhV a e S GMCG
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a jW ah ,J hCG LdG g e
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d UN gCG dhCG h jMh jb
a Cf b jdG J c Y j
2012 fL 31

14

GSG
(dG Rah fdGh jdG) dG GU
2012 ddG jfh
Y Fb GN SS e (1980) VdG dG NGhCG e dG SGQdGh aGSEG dG aY
VdGh VdG M VGaEGh GDdG Ye ZU Y IJdG J Z ,aOg dY eGHh e
e Y J dG SGQdG J UCG H ,SdG hCG jdG dG Y dG e SEGh
..eCGh DhdG e cCG DdGh dG J ,UN IjL YGb e J ,Whe
J eSEG dhda ,gdGh jdG LdG hCG SdG
Y H Y
dP J eh YdG CGQh o dGh dG e JjJ QOe
,fGbh gJSO Y J YLGh MhQ MSh b e jdG hCG jOe FSh Y j ,ddG Gg a OLh eh ,fEG GRe
UN f SS VGZC jdG J e dZ dG dG J bYh dG Ke Y WEG e J ae ja
c (YdGh dG d) FGO jO eYRh S X a EG J dGh SGdGh aGdGh fdG dEG pdG eh C a ,iNCH dGMCG
dGh dG jQJ) jQdG a SJ Ia jdG d a J dG FSdG e ,gZh ..fMhdG QdGh SdGh
S) ZCG H dGh IdG hCG FdGh ,FdG H (dG a Yj e c Yh e Yh Y ,WEGh MGdG f
QYH jdG dH JdG FGdG jQdG dP (jdG cQGdG hdG Y GH GRQCGh YCG a dGh dG e dG
Jh dG QGSG Y YJ jQhV j M YLG IgX J jah SS bEG efG e Y SCG eh ,dGh
fCT dj YdGh OGaCG d e dG YLEG dGdG dEGh ,dSCGQh cGTG ,jQjh j LdjjEGh gGe dEG
QeCdGh cdG YdG S J dG (iQT e) YL OGR ,WGjOh fYh ,feh jO jQJjO Sh fCG
h eMCG OJ h eGhCG dJ dG LdG eEG LH EG ,j h j ,V ae YJGh GH ffEG IdG
OJ h (jdG adG QMG) daCG Y Cj h dGbCG bJ ''GSEG'' Y OjEG a dG dG dEG UJ e H
jdG dG) J h dG a
e Y j eh ''dG SGQO''h
.(F dG ` jdG `
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fdG dG J / fdG dG `2
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ah
Y
GSG
J ,jdGh dGh dGh dG
deh YLGh jObG NGeh
j dH j
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fch IQhU J ,ffbh jQJh
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e Jb J ,dG WGjdGh
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aj
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jObGh
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fCG LJ a Y
e jdG J fdG dG J c
,d edG GQdG a Y
fdGh jdG dGh SdG
j e c a edG gdGh AGQBG
e j eh FfEG SdG eGdGh
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dG dEG dG ,WGd dG CdH
J bh ,FU J b je GQGb
ge eGUGh aNh
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M dH J LdjjEGh
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c (GMCG d IdG adG) e
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jO LGd J ,FdGh YdH
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dGh dGh d H ,aY hCG ffb hCG
Y IJdG J Z ,aOg dY eGHh
QGSG Y YdG dGh OdG
M VGaEGh GDdG Ye ZU
dG JdG C ,fdG dG a YdG d SdG jdG dG Y dG e SEGh VdGh VdG
SdG adG Ia SJ a jJ dG YLG eRCGh Y J dG SGQdG J UCG H ,SdG hCG
.Qfa OdG K WGjdGh e dG Y M J dG J ,UN IjL YGb e J ,Whe e
S a J dG dG J g dG hCG / jdG dG `3 cdG jGH WJQ dP eCGh DhdG e cCG DdGh
Y dGh OdG TCG e HQeh OLdG adGh YLGh ObG eh .NBG AGM ,jdG
Y IQOdG SdG Z dG dG fCG c ,''HhfCG''`H dG jdG LdG Gg ,dGh SdG idG Y ,SdGh
WdG IOdG jMh edG hdG a dG f LJ SdGh aGSEG SGQdG a dGh MdG dCG
e QaCG d FGMGh WGjdG e Jh JGhKh QWEG a ,d dG dG f JegG L Gdj CG
a jadG SdGh dG UCG e QGdG Uh dG bEG hCG dhO ,J hCG jJ hO dG OLd ddG IdG
FGdG jdG a dG g Y Ib J c ,dG Y IdG jdG hdG bh (jdG ddG If) f CG
QdGh dG d jRGe J e dZh ,dGh fdGh a GRfEG e M eh jdG SGQdGh dG FSh e
eGhCd dGh dGh bNCG LGdGh SdG dG SH FdG edG IQKh LddG dH JdG dG
,Y OdGh Td HdG Z ,YLG IQh dG TJ dG fC SQGdGh MdG dEG j dG bdG dGh
,Me dh J b iNCG TCG jdG hCG dG dG d c jS ebEG FSdG jW Y gJ OGdG ''dG''
de J LCG e Iaf SS FGhO M J dG J gh GJh GQJ cCGh Jh L bCH ,AGOCGh YdGh KCdG
YLEGh SdG OdG Y Jj e dZ dG ,UN f SJ dSCG e dP Z dEG ,QdGh jCG e jJh GjJh
ddG UCG H eRCGh adG H ObEGh cE dG fEG J dEG eGdG dG fCG SS
HdG GQK) FYR GhH EG dG g hJ h ,cdG YLG dG e a d dGh NBG Qeh QaCG
dG GUh LdjjEG GdGh SdG NEG (HdG Z ,jdG dhdG jDhQ VJh jObGh SdGh adGh
QdG dG Y A dG dEG dG ddG Q Jh jQdG YdH ,JdG J hCG IFdG OdG Y KhQdG J
aH ,WdG IOdGh SH ILdGh jQdG YdGh jdG j dH j ah Y GSa ,jdGh LdGh
GdG SH fe Sh jO S H eOJ Jh ge d aj ,dGh eCd jObGh YLGh
eGhO a dH dGh dGh LdGh jQdG SCGh jdG dGh SdG fCG LJ a Y fEG YJ
jJh HGdG IMdG J e Jh ,jL QS dG eGUGh aNh YGU e Y j eh ,jdGh fdGh
KhQdG J Z ,IjL fCG SH edG eCGh WdG IMdG jL QS dHh M dH J LdjjEGh ge
e hdG aY dG dGh hdG aY eh ,QSG Y GSG Y Y cDj dG dG IdG J ,NBG M
a QJh ,jdG dG e NCG dG e SG LCG e jdG N e ddG dCd fdG jdG N KGMEG bH
fGNEc gGdGh LdjjEG Ye SdG cdG S H dG J UN (1983 - 1980) IdG SGQdG
WdG a ILGdG dG e gZh ...HgdGh adGh dGh Zh dGh dGh HdG WdG a fdGh jdG cdG
dG dd eRdGh jdG ddG QdG edGh HdG edG q j jO e dG jeCG dG QYH ,HhQhCG
IdG eCG cMh jOdG dG cd jdG SdG jO) UNEGh GPf TCGh eGhOh Aah cCG jdG edG e
SBG a adG fEG cdGh dCG fJhdG cdGh
.( dG Y ibCG
.HdG HhQhCGh jaEGh dG e JjJ J dG dG J g / jdG dG `1

15 2012 fL 31

dG gJG H dG f d ,fdG
e WJ a jdG MdG N X
CG QYG Y ,UN IQH OdG dG
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Y dP Hh ,edG HCG U
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.jMh jb HdG OdG

jOdG gdG e j c g
hCG ,f Y bfG H IjdG
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CG hO ,dGh gdG j bh
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Y Aj dG CGdG q j CG e Jc C j
g CG g H d IjdG jOdG SGQdG
e hJ CG j ,IjdG jOdG SGQdG
g e HdG FGhdG j dG QdG
dG dG j X HdG FGhda ,SGQdG
Mjh HH SQGdG q j CG a dG ,jdG
d ,JjGhQ OH j dG jdG jh
,JjGhd ''J'' J Y j eY SQGqdG
e SGQdG g GC j CG FGhd dH ,iMCa
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Xj IOe jOS jDhQ e j gh ,SQGdG
UY J ,GAGLEGh GhOCGh eh ge
Y j gh FGhdG qGC c .eJ ,d jQhV
CG H dG ,IOe J Xj OdG
OdG e YJ N e JJ SG FGhdG
hCG ,gCGj dG HhQhCG IjdG jGhdG hCG jdG
N e jd fJ d HJ N e
g c Xj gh ,dP HT e hCG dG Ige
bG fC ,MCG ZCG a YGh jH dG
e Aj H jOdG HJ jJ Y QbCG fCH
,gj dG ddG OHCG hCG dG QJ
j hCG jOe IGhQ Xj gh e FGhda
QCdGh dG Xj gh hCG ,Nh OdG jOY
H J Yh Y j b ,e H Y
,jdG YdG e ,eJ Xj dh ,dG g
,e jdG H Y Ib j c dG
adG a HY Jjh ,Yh aMR jh
dh .dH YGh j CG hO e gGcEG J
j CG Y CG YH VhdG Y X eY
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dG Yh Hh ,eJ bY dGh
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J VJ Y CG ,VdG
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q Y dh ,Y IYb Y j CG jj e
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H hCf CG j ,bGh Ggh ,fC UdG e
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GhOCGh dGh dG Yj UdG eCG
.RfE FdG

LGH J SCG M Y WCS

Y eh ,IjdG HhQhCG gdG
hQhOJ aJ e M c ,OdG
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J dG GQSG e Ye dEG
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QdG ea a FdGh
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HY ZQ :jdG dG bQh
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LLO HQCG :LLOh LLO
LLO fK :LLO HQCGh LLO HQCG
LLO IY S :LLO fKh LLO fK
hYh KG :LLO Sh LLO IY S
HY LLO
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eCG e dSQ :jdGh IMGdG dG bQh

eCG j
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eGYEG S eSEG
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PEG LQCa
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H f bCG CG
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bU eCG j
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bGdG dG jDf eR a fC
QGUEG a Y
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YL eCG YO
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M b g cJCS H
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hDhQ bH
jQdG a SQO :Y jOdG dG bQh

Gd d qah dG
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dG :Y HdG dG bQh
dG e OJ
edG OhM QN
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a j Wh Y
fEG g fEG
jGH Z e MQ CGH
jdG dEG UdG qg c
bSG eCG LM hCG Yh
S cdG Yh
eYCG cdG Hh
dG SQe fC
GSG hO

MdGh dG :Y edG dG bQh

dG H
dG Y e
Mh MdG X
jJ CG LdG a j d
dG eq CGh
edG ,IQhdG ,HdG
HdG ,YhdG ,IQdG
J dGRe
dP P a
fG eCG j
fG ,QK
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cJ ,HVG
fG ,dCG
dH d eCa
eCG j
fd N
AdG a WS f
dd YCG FJ
Aeh MU
FVQE aj dG
AGgCG M a J
eON J CG
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AMCG Ie a
:HLCa
e d
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Y OLh
AGdG OLh Oj
dG M dM
AdG QN J
dG b eCG
H LhR GcJ CG
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cJ iNCG
d c fCG f a
AHCG jCG e j a

WGjdGh HdG :Y SdG dG bQh

dG dL
HdG fGM c
fCG J
L Y HCG eCG KQh
dG dh fCa
SCG HG SCG
WGjdG jf d
dG Gg a
j e Qf CG
fQhU Y cdG j qCGh
HCG dEG KL
dG dL

J fCG ZQ J dG eCGh
dG
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aCG a fe d j CG hJ ehO d
GdG Y JQb ZQ dG eCGh
dG a dG eOCG fCG EG
dG
SCG Ib a d fCG J LLdG CG
cc Y aGJ fCG EG
dG BG SGH
dG eCGh
dG c ec
dG a daCGh
dG
Ne cDJ LLdG CG
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a CG j h

dGh VdG :Y edG dG bQh

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f fh gbS
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f d
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GhdG ac a IQGH cQTh
eCG j GNCG
dd SG
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FdG J d qTh
FGdGh bGdG ZQh
cDj fH QUCG
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FKdGh UdG H Ohe
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jdG e dG C
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fGdGh e UdG j dG
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SG :Y SOdG dG bQh
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c CGb
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dG M UCG Lj
dG dS dEG
Va Y Fb M fch
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c cdGh
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aU e J e qL hCG H hCG HP
dG e j JGP da
dG dEG bjh
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fBG hCG JS
d g SG CG hCG
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S j jQdG Y a
ATCG e j e hCG CG
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QdGh AdG jf :Y fdG dG bQh

fQCG c AdG a
K dEG bdG e Jh
g Y SG NCG a
.dG eCG e Oa

RCGh a :Y ddG dG bQh

dG IdG a
jdG IdG a
dG IgdG a
HCG b e Hg
ddG hL e Hg
ddG X e
ddG b e
ddG c e
ddG e e
dM CGSCG a Hd CdG
H a CNGh
b hYh KEG j
GbCG e
jOj HhdG LGh
a GMGh aH Gg
.ddG T e
dhJ Y
MdG MS GbCa
dG
M c e
dH eOb S ij
MQGh QGdG JCG
QGdG S en pe TCG pfCG
a QMGh
jW a YVe MJ e
QY HCG Ie e b a
QGfEG HS hO MQh
a j ddG qS
GbCG Y q S c
fCG FLQfCG CG OcCG
JT W c
QGdG H W c
QGdG d TG HCG d TG
J ,e
?QdG aj e
MdG e bCS
GdG h dG
a Lh ej e
jdG WQN Y Ve
SdG e SQa Qhe j
jh d
gN Y jh
dGh dG De H
MdG nch
IeCG J jj dG
SQa c Ha
ej dG j d EGh
dG T ej j d EGh
dG j dG dG jj dG
aJ a ij dG
dG eCG
dGh dG Hh
a Je

a Oe :Y HGdG dG bQh
dG e
?dG eCGh LLdG H
dG
J LLdG CG

2012 fL 31

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