P AK

PAK. J
KA J@ J@

J
AK

2012 2013

J
@P Y@ J@

@ G K B@
 J AJ@ K KA J@

K
Y@
hC
J

Q @
J
KAK

@

GAJ@ Q@
ZAJ
J
@
 K 4 : 1 K
QJ@
,
YE

N H4+


K A , N H Cl JJ KAJ

B@
. Y
B@
J
K
HAKK
C @P Y Q.JK
, ZA @
AK
PP
4
.

J
I.Q J
K





B@ HA

@ AK @P X @ K
QJ@ @ Y
 KK
. ZA @ J
K



: HAJ
M (H) = 1, 0g/mol

M (N ) = 14, 0g/mol

M (Cl) = 35, 5g/mol

 . XQ @ K
: YA / g HAg



Jg
I
  HAAJ

@
25 P@Qk k. PX YJ

.






QQK J

B@ PP
m = 1, 8g J I.K
Y K

.  Q
S1
KA m jJ , V1 = 500mL m.k Q @ ZA @
J
K


pH = 5, 2 : Yj.J S1 j @ pH 
K , C1


  K 0, 5 ) ZA @ JK

(
KK
@ 
K. A J@ XA
I.J @  1

B@ HA
  K 1 ) 1 Ik@ , pH C1 BYK


  Q , A J@ PJ @

(
Ym. '@ XAJAK.  2
. Am '@ AJ 1 YJ@ J.
.
.

  K 1 ) K = 6, 0.1010 : @  m ' ' , 1 C1 BYK



  @ K P@ J@ JK AK
(
. Am '@ AJ@ XA. KQ
. Q.  3
J
J
@ J
 S1 j @
Am.k Y g AK  4
. C2 = 1, 0.103 mol/L
@ Q 
QK S2 m j Q @ ZA @

Ik @  4 1
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  K 1 ) . ZA @ JK
D@ Y J@ J  Am
(
KK
@ 
K. A J 2
KA
.

B@ HA

.















( K 1 ) ? AJ
KAD@ YJ@ J. J
jJ@ Q
K AK A  4 2
H3 O+ /H2 O

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H2 O/HO

N H4+ /N H3

K
QJ@

J@ JJ , P
QJ@ g
J
KAJ

BAm Qm '
Q@ g
S0 AJ
KA
. C0 = 1, 0.102 mol/L
@ Q 
QK P
 AK ZA @ P

J@ XA


QJ@ g 
K. KAJ
: J
AJ@ J
KAJ

J
@ AJ@ h. YJK
HN O2

HN O2 aq + H2 O(l)  N O2 (aq) + H3 O+ aq

KQ


: jJ@ @ YE
. @ P@ J@ JK. AK
 

C
 KK

@
K
: J
AJ@ HA
J
KK
B@ J
@ HC
K

H3 O+ = 35, 0mS.m2 .mol

H3 O+

@ Q Q@

B @
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HA

[H3 O+ ]f


BYK
.

N O = 7, 2mS.m2 .mol
2

 @



. f = 76mS/m J

S0 j @ J
AJ
@
  
P@ J@ JK. AK Q
J.K @ I
. K @ AJ
@ Ym. '@ XAJAK.  1
  K 1 ) . j @ Q Q@ C0 KA

(

D@
  K 0, 5 ) f BYK

(
. [H3 O+ ]f Q
J.K Yg. @  2
  3
 I.JK P@ J@ JK. AK Q
J.K @ i.JJ @
:
AJ@ @
f2

K=

(H3 O+ + N O )2 (C0
2

f
)
(H3 O+ + N O )
2

  K
(

0, 5


D@ Y J@ J  iJ J@

KA
. .

1/3

S0

  K 1 ) K
(
 
j @ pH J

  Ik @
J

.

I.k @  4

http://www.chimiephysique.ma


P AK
PAK. J
KA J@ J@

J
AK

2012 2013

  K

13

ZAK
Q 
@

  K

5, 5

1 K QJ@
: K
J@ ZAK
Q @

J
@P Y@ J@

A J@ Ag
AX
 Jj   HAJ
B@

J  J@ 
K.

A



QK
Xk @ ZA @ HAJ

K Qk
. XYm' , AY@
A 
.
.

+  KA Y
 IAJ
 . @ 15

j.J
B@

m 
'
Y@
8 O : 15

t1/2 = 123s : 15
8 O YK
J@  Q
    
  K 0, 75 ) . A N : YJ @ YK J@ @ A jJ B@
J @  1
(
YK

K
I
J

J@
XA
I

Z
.

   
  K 1 ) . jJ B@
 E Ik @  2
(
@K IJK M eV H. PQj @ A@

.




















N1 IJK
m.' AJ@ A@ ET Q
J.K @ 
K.  3
:
AJ@ @ I.JK t1 = nt1/2 t'
PAJ@ YJ 
j.J
B@ K
 T EP J
J  K AJ
P K @
Q
K

@ AX
B
 @ ZA @ AJAK. @ X A

@ k
B
A
. J
B@ K
Q
.

AJAK. Y@ I.J
.


Jm
'
Y@

ET = E.N0 (1

1
)
2n

  K 1 )
(


 ' @

 15 
j.J
B@
J  4

j.J
B@
H@YK
K XY N1 XYg , t = 0 j@


Q j  J k
J m0 = 2g

  K 1 ) 3min J J Q@ Y @ PQ YK JJ J @ 15
(

.


















J  5
: @ 
K. , t j@ YJ J
J.J @ 
j.J
B@ K XY N JJ @ 15 
j.J
B@ K XY N 0
N0
= e.t 1
N

  K
(

0, 75

 ' @

) 
Q AD k

m() = 0, 00055u
1u = 931, 5M eV /c2




j.J
B@
H@YK
K

NA = 6, 023.1023 mol1

M (O) = 16, 0g/mol

RC

45%

m(A
Z N ) = 14, 0067u

m(15
8 O) = 14, 993857u

 K 7 :

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I.@

@ @
Q@ IJQ@ QJK
J @ 1
 J @ KAK

J J
.
.
.





. (2) (1) 
. Q
X K PAJ
J@ A R2 R1 :
@J@
J J P Y YK , 1
@ K PAJ
J@ A  , j


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J @ , t'
P@J C @ AQ.JK t = 0 j@
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A
j

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@ PAJ
J@ A lk P K t1 = 51 J @
Q@ JK. AK 1 . 2
. R1 C I.@
.








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jJ , R2 @
K
QK J @ m J
Cg uR (t) uR (t) K
QKJ@ K
AK
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2 @ J @ HAJ
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J @ m  @
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(

J
AJ@ XA @ I.K @  1
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AJ@ @
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ADA

D2

D1


J
@ 

15

  K 1 )
(
J
J Q@ Y @ XYg  6
I J JK
 PC@

@
: HAJ

C = 10F

uR1 (t) = Aet + B

QK AK XYg, J k IK

  K 1 ) . P@Y@ H@

 QQK. BYK
 . @J@ Y

k
IJ
(
. IK

.
. .  . @K B A

  K 1 ) R1 E J
 

 
(

Yg. @ , 2 @ HAJ
JjJ XAJAK.  3
  K 0, 5 ) t1 j@
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Q@ A@

(
YJ J @
K Q j @ J
KAK
.
.








QK @P X  II
R2 B@ @ J @ K

2/3

http://www.chimiephysique.ma


P AK
PAK. J
KA J@ J@

J
AK

2012 2013

:
J @ K
Q K Cg
(R2 + R1 )C

duC
+ uC = 0
dt

uC (t) = Ae

  K 1 )
(

R2

uC (t)

J
@P Y@ J@

 @
 J
A J@ XA
A m '
@

g 
 @ Y
 I.JK
XA
:
AJ@ @




2 t1 BYK
. uR (t) i.JJ @ 2 Q
J.K @XYm E 2 t1 BYK. uC (t) Q
J.K Yg. @
  K 0, 5 ) 2 1 K C@

  Yg @ 2 @
J XAJAK.  2
 HAJ

Jj
(
A . R2 J

.
 iJ , K Q J@ J Cg Q J @ t J J Q@ Y @ Yg @  3
: J @
K Q j @ A@
.

R1

E2 (t2 ) =

  K
(

0, 5

Ee (t1 )
2

  K 1 ) . ADJ

 Ik @
(
.


















'
Q
). K
QJ@ j@
Ag
uC (t) H@ 
K AD
J QK
Qm P @ 2 @ K @  4
GA K J C 0 @

  Ik @  5

C J @ J.J
QK I.m.'

Y@
J

  










0


( K 1 ) = 32 J
@ Q@ JK. AK Yg AJ K. A@ P@Y@

3/3

http://www.chimiephysique.ma