ESTIMATING THE SOLAR PATH WITH A FOLDED PIECE OF PAPER We found what seems to estimate the sun's path

by making a "tool" out of a piece of paper. Fold a piece of paper in half along a vertical axis and staple/tape the open end. Bring the bottom to the top and fold along a horizontal axis. Lay it in front of you, fold to the bottom. Starting from the lower left corner (point A), measure an angle up from the folded bottom equal to your latitude (we're using 32 degrees N) Draw the line, label the line sky axis, label the point where the line reaches the right edge point B, and label the lower triangle E. It may help to staple the sky axis, then fold it back and forth until the upper free ends can both hinge on the sky axis. Go to the point B, where the sky axis meets the right side of the paper. Now, up from the sky axis measure 23 degrees, and draw the line from point B back to the left side of the paper. Label this point C. Turn the paper over, fold still at the bottom. Start at the lower right corner (point A on the other side), and draw a line that is 23 degrees up from the sky axis. It should touch the "top" of the paper. Label it point D. Fold the one side of the paper where you see line A D until the smaller triangle is 90 degrees to the folded paper. Label the triangle Winter. Holding triangle E, fold the side of the paper where you see line B C until the quadrilateral is 90 degrees to the folded paper. Label the quadrilateral shape Summer. Hold the paper such that the original fold is level to the ground, and triangle E points true south. As you "hinge" the upper objects left and right along the sky axis, the flat surfaces "winter" and "summer" appear to reasonably approximate keeping a flat collector perpendicular to the sun in the "extremes" of the solar seasonal path changes. True south / north can be found using a pole, vertical nail, etc., where the shadow falls on level ground. Mark the tip of the shadow regularly throughout the day. Where the shadow comes closest to the vertical object, draw a line to the object. That line is approximately true S / N