BS 368-1971 Precast Concrete Flags

B S I BS*3bB 7 1 ~ ~ ~ L b 2 4 0 h 0b 06 042 4
BRITISH STANDARD 368 : 1971

UDC 625.882:625.815 :666.972-41
SPECIFICATION FOR
PRECAST CONCRETE FLAGS
BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION
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BSI BS*3bB 71 W l b 2 4 b b 0 0 0 6 0 4 3 b W
SPECIFICATION FOR

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BS 368 :1971
Incorporating amendments issued June 1976 (AMD 2030) and December 1979 (AMD 3054)
BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION

Incorporated by Royal Charter
2 PARK STREET, LONDON W1A 2BS

Telex: 266933 Telephone: 01-629 9
I
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BSI BS*3bB 71 I1 b 2 4 b b 7 0 0 0 6 0 4 q B
BS 368 : 1971
THIS BRITISH STANDARD,. having been approved by the Cement, Lime and Gypsum Industry Standards Committee was published under the authority of the Executive Board on 25 March 1971. 0 British Standards Institution, 1971. First published, August, 1929. First revision, May, 1936. Second revision, January, 1956. Third revision, March, 1971. SBN: 580 06209 O The Institution desires to call attention to the fact that this British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. This standard makes reference to the following British Standards: BS 12. Portland cement (ordinary and rapid hardening). BS 146. Portland-blastfurnace cement. BS 340. Pre-cast concrete kerbs, channels, edgings and quadrants. BS 812. Methods for the sampling and testing of mineral aggregates, sands and mers. BS 882. Coarse and h e aggregates from natural sources. BS 915. High alumina cement. BS 1014. Pigments for cemenf, magnesium oxychloxide and concrete. BS 1047. Air-cooled blastfurnace slag coarse aggregate for concrete. BS 1201. Aggregates fDr granolithic concrete floor finishes. BS 1610. Methods for the load verification of testing machines. BS 2648. Performance requirements for electrically-heated laboratory drying ovens. BS 3892. Pulverized-fuel ash for use in concrete. BS 4027. Sulphate-resisting Portland cement. BS 4484. Measuring insfruments for constructional works. Part 1. Metric graduation and figuring of instruments for l i n e a r measurements.
The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Draft for comment 70/2631 Committee reference CEE/6/4
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BSI BSr3bB 71
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BS 368 : 1971
CONTENTS Co-operating organizations Foreword SPECZFICATION 1. Scope 2. Cement 3. Aggregates 3.1 Quality 3.2 Maximum size 4. Other materiais 4.1 Pulverized-fuel ash 4.2 Pigments 4.3 Others 5. Finish and colour 6. Casting and curing 6.1 Casting 6.2 Curing 6.3 Work in cold weather 7. Dimensions and tolerances 7.1 Dimensions 3.2 Tolerances 8. Test requirements 8.1 Transverse strength 8.2 Absorption of water 9 0 Manufacturer's certificate 1o. Facilities for sampling 1 1 . Samples for testing 1 1 .I General 11.2 Purchaser's sampling 11.3 Sampling for independent testing 12. Test results 13. Independent tests 13.1 Sampling and testing 13.2 Costs of tests
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BS 368 : 1971
APPENDICES A. Methods of measuring B, Test for transverse strength C. Test for absorption of water
TABLES
1. Flag dimensions 2, Transverse strength requirements 3. Water absorption limits
Page 13 13 14
9
10
11
FIGURES 1. Notched straightedge and gauge block 15 2. Arrangement of loading for transverse strength tat; side elevation 16 3. Arrangement of loading for transversestrength test; end elevations 16
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BS 368 : 1971
CO-OPERATING ORGANIZATIONS The Cement, Lime and GypsumIndustry Standards Committee, under whose supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives of the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations: Association of Consulting Engineers *British Precast Concrete Federation 'British Quarrying and Slag Federation British Railways Board British Ready Mixed Concrete Association British Steel Industry *Cement and Concrete Association *Cement Makers' Federation Chalk Quarrying Association Chemical Industries Association Concrete Society Limited Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors Greater London Council Gypsum Products Development Association *Institution of Civil Engineers *Institution of Municipal Engineers *institution of Structural Engineers Institution of Water Engineers Ministry of Housing and Local Government Ministry of Public Building and Works *Ministry of Public Building and Works Building Research Station *Ministry of Transport National Federation of Building Trades Employers Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors *Sand and Gravel Association of Great Britain Society of Chemical Industry Welwyn Hall Research Association The Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations marked with an asterisk in the above lisf, together with the following, were directly represented on the Committees entrusted with the preparation of this Standard: County Surveyors' Society Institute of Landscape Architects Ministry of Transport-Road Research Laboratory Modular Society National Paving and Kerb Association Road Improvement Association Royal Institute of British Architeits
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BSI BS*3bB 71 W l b 2 4 b b 9 000b048 5
BS 368 : 1971 BRITISH STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR

.
FOREWORD This British Standard, which was &st issued in 1-929, was revised in 1936 and 1956, and has been revised again in the light of present-day practice in the manufacture of concrete flags under the authority of the Cement, Lime and Gypsum Industry Standards Committee. Considerable changes have been made to this standard both to ifs technical requirements and to the arrangement of the clauses. The clauses dealing with maferiais have been revised to take into account revised and new British Standards, and this standard specifies the requirements for the use of pulverized-fuel ash i n concrete flags. The dimensions and tolerances permitted are given in metric units and the methods of measuring the flags are given in a new appendix. Since flags are normally tested in a testing machine rather than by applying loads to a simply supported specimen, the relevant appendix has been revised to describe both the requirements of the testing machine and the testing procedure. As a result of further research conversion factors are given for the required transverse strength at ages beyond 28 days. These factors are identical with those given in BS 340*. As a result of research work on durability and the method of performing the test for absorption of water, the previous tests at 10 min and 24 h have been deleted and replaced by a 30 min absorption test. This test is carried out on specimens sawn from the comers of the flag, to give more uniform results, instead of cut as previously. Due to the change in the test procedure the absorption iimit has been changed and different values are given for different ages at test and a requirement for the flakiness index of the coarse aggregate has been added. It has been found that Hags manufactured by some processes, which would have complied with the 24 h absorption test of the previous edition of the standard, generally could not meet the water absorption Ifmits of the new 30 min test because of their different construction characteristics. As there now appears to be suftkient evidence to prove that these flags are durable, the responsible Technical Committee have raised the absorption limits given in Table 3 by approximately IO % for all flags. The rate of wear test has been deleted but an additional requirement for the mechanical strength of the aggregate is given. The clauses dealing with methods of manufacture and with the colour, h i s h and freedom from defects have been revised and re-arranged.
BS 340, Pre-cast concrete kerbs, channels, edgings and quadrants .

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With the increasing number and size of vehicles, experience has shown that, when footpaths are subjected to these traffic loadings, the existing range of paving flags, A to D, can occasionally suffer damage. A range of paving flags E, F and G, of smaller plan area has been introduced, which with a suitable foundation is specifically designed to withstand these loadings. The development of flags of smaller plan area has resulfed in greatly improved performance of footways suffering occasional heavy-vehicle overrun. Field trials have confirmed laboratory findings and shown that the amount of cracking and the development of trips is much less with smaller flags, which in turn leads to safer footways and lower maintenance.
6a
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E S 1 B S * 3 b A 71 W 1b2Llbb 000b050 3 W
BS 368 : 1971
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In accordance with the change to the metric system, this standard has been prepared giving values in terms of SI units. For further information on SI units, reference should be made to BS 3763, ' International System (SI) units,' and PD 5686, ' The use of SI units.'
NOTE. Attention is drawn to certification facilities offered by BSI; see the back cover of this standard.
SPECIFICATION
1 . SCOPE
This British Standard specifies requirements for precast paving flags manufactured from a concrete mixture in a range of sizes and thicknesses for use in the construction of footways and other paved areas.
2. CEMENT
The whole of the cement used in the manufacture of the paving flags shall comply with one of the following British Standards: BS 12, ' Portland cemenf (ordinary and rapid hardening) ', BS 146, ' Portland-biastfurnace cement '. When specially ordered by the purchaser, high alumina cement complying with BS 915*, or sulphate-resisting Portland cement complying with BS 40271., or hydrophobic cement complying with the physical requirements of BS 121, or white or coloured Portland cement complying with BS 12, may be used.
3 . AGGREGATES
or
3 . 1 Quality. The fine and coarse aggregate shall consist of either naturally occurring materials, crushed or uncrushed, complying with BS 882 : 1983 - - ? {except grading requirements in Clause .S)$ ,'. or alternatively coarse aggregate complying with.'Clause 4 of BS 1047 : 1983. (except grading requirements in 2 4.8)fi'. may be used. ifie coarse aggregate to be used, when tested in accordance with BS 812**, shall meet the following requirements: (1) 10 "/: fines test: Not less than 10 tonnes. (2) Flakiness index: Not more than 35 % unless otherwise agreed between the purchaser and the manufacturer on the basis of acceptable evidence of durability.
-.
+ BS 4027, ' Sulphate-resisfing Portland cement '.

Q
BS 915, ' High alumina cemenf
'.
:BS 12, ' Portland cement (ordinary and rapid hardening) '.
a r concrete __ BS 882, 'Specificatin for aggregates from naturai scurcp-sK ' 0 BS 1047,'Specification for air-cooled blastfurnace slag aggregate for use in construction' - < -.
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ES 368 : 1971
3 . 2 Maximurn'size. The nominal .maximum size of the aggregate shall not exceed 14 mm a s specified in BS 882*.
4.
OTHER MATERIALS
4.1 Pulverized-fuel ash. 'Where pulverized-fuel ash is used, it shall comply with BS 3892 : Part Or 'i BS 3892 : Part 2t.' The total sulphate content of the concrete mix shall not exceed 4.0 % as SOaby weight of the cement. The sulphate content shall be calculated from the known sulphate contents of the cement, aggregates (where applicable) and pulverized-fuel ash, as determined by tests carried out in accordance with the requirements of BS 12$, BS 10479 and BS 38921. respectively.
4.2 Pigments. Any pigments used in the colouring of the flags shall comply with BS 101411. 4.3 Others. Any additional material required to produce special properties such as a special texture, colour or grip shall not have any deleterious effect upon the concrete. 5. FiNISH A N D COLOUR
Specialsurface fnishesmay be agreed upon between the vendor and the purchaser. Au. arrises shall be clean and sharp. Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, the flags shall be supplied in natural colour. When the products are ordered coloured, the colour shall be agreed between the vendor and the purchaser at the time of placing the order. The vendor and purchaser shali agree whether the products shall be coloured throughout or only in a surface layer. In the latter case the surface layer shall be not less than 12 mm thick and cast as an integral part of the flag.
6. CASTING AND
CURING
6 . 1 Casting. The flag may be made by any process. The escape of the finer particles of m o r t a r during the process of manuacfure shall be prevented as far as practicable. A flag described as ' pressed ' shall only be made by employing a pressure of not less than 7 MN/ma over the entire surface receiving the pressure.
6.2 Curing. After casting, the flap shall be stored so as to prevent undue loss of moisture particularly during the early stages of curing.
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y BS 3892, 'Pulverized-fuel ash', Part 1, 'Specification for pulverized-fuel ash for use as a
* BS 882, ' Coarse and fme aggregates from natural sources '.
.fuel ash for use i n grouts and for miscellaneous uses in concrete'.' T BS 12, ' Portiamwment (ordmary and rapid hardening) '. 8 BS 1047, ' Air-cooled blastfurnace slag coarse aggregate for concrete '. N BS 1014. ' Pigments for cement, magnesium-oxychloride and concrete '.
cementitious component in structural concrete' and Part 2, 'Specification for pulverized-
BSI BS*3bA 71 m L b 2 q b b 0 0 0 b 0 5 2 7 m
7.2.1 Thickttess. The average thickness of the twelve values obtained from the four measurements on each of the three flags shall be within f 3 mm of the specified thickness.
7.2.2 Lergth and width. Each individual flag of the sample shall be within the
maximum and minimum limits of manufacturing size specified in 7.1.
7.3 Chamfer. A wearing surface edge chamfer with dimensions, measured at right angles to one another, not exceeding 5 mm vertically and not exceeding 7 mrn horizontally shall be permitted. NOTE. Flag types E, I : and C will be provided with chamfers unless otherwise specified
by fhc purchaser. Flag types A , B , C and D will not be provided with chamfers unless otherwise specified by the purchaser.
A
I
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BS 368 : 1971
6.3 Work in cold weather. Special precautions shall be taken to prevent the temperature of the concrete falling to 0C during the early stages of hardening, V i Z: (1) The temperatureof the concrete at the time of placing shall be at least 5 O C . ( 2 ) The temperature of the mould itself shall be above 0C. (3) No material which has been exposed to temperatures below 0C shall be used until it has been completely thawed.
Flags shall be protected from damage by frost.

7. DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES
7.1 Sizes. Flags shall have the sizes for the appropriate type given in Table 1.
Flag type Plan sizes

~ ~~
Table 1.
FLAG SIZES
I
Work size thickness Work size Maximum limit of manufacturing size rnm Minimum limit of manufacturing size mm mm
Co-ordinating size
mm mm
A
B
C
600 X 450 600 X 600 600 X 750 600 X 900 450 X 450 400 X 400 300 X 300
598 X 448 598 X 598 598 X 748 598 X 898 448 X 448 398 X 398 298 X 298
600 X 450 600 X 600

600 X 750
596 X 446 596 X 596 596 X 746 596 X 896 446 X 446 396 X 396 296 X 296
l
50 or 63 50 or 63 50 or 63
50 or 63
D
E
600 X 900 450 X 450 400 X 400 300 X 300
50or70 50 or 65 50 or 60
._
NOTE. When flags are being ordered, it will be necessary only to specify the type followed by the thickness, e.g. 'F 5 0 ' . - -
-.-
- .
7.2 Tolerances. When sampled in aecordiince with Clame 1 i and masuted as
described in Appendix A. the flags sampled shall be within the tolerances given in 7 . 2 . 1 t o 7.2.4.
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BS 368 : 1971
7 . 2 . 3 Sguareness o f platt. The difference between the two diagonals measured on the same face of each individual flag of the sample shall not exceed 3 m m
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n: I Y 7 Y
7.2.4 Flatness, winding und bowing. The maximum deviation from the specified straightedge placed in any position on the wearing surface of each individual flag ofthe sample shall not exceed 2 mm. The flatness etc. shall be measured by means of the appropriate notched straightedge. and the 25 mm x 25 m m x 4 mm test gauge shown in Fig. 1.
8. TEST R E Q U I R E m S
.. ...
The Bags sampled in accordance with the provisions of Clause 11 shall comply with the following test requirements for transverse strength and absorption of water.
8.1 Transverse strength. The failing loads of individual flags when tested in the manner described in Appendix B shall be not less than the appropriate value given in Table 2.
I:lay type
Mininiuni aailiiiy load 50mm thick

kN
60mm thick
kN
63 mm thick
kN
65 nim thick
kN
70mni thick
kN
8.3
12.7 16.9
18.8
B,CorD
11.1 9.6
9.1
e
1 :
15.4 13.8
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9.6
BSI B S U 3 6 8 71 m 1 6 2 4 b b 0 0 0 6 0 5 5 2 m
Age of sample at test
Conversion factor
1.10 1.15 1-20 1-25
Months
2 3 4 5 6 and over
1-30
Convirsion factors for Intermediate ages shall be obtained by linear interpolation.
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BS 368 : 1971
8.2 Absorption of water. When tested i n the manner described in Appendix C
the average increase i n weight of the test pieces from each flag shall not exceed the value appropriate to the age of test given in Table 3.
Age of sample at test
Maximum average absorption by weight
u p to 1
2 3
4.0 3.5
3.3 3.2 3. I
4
5 6 and over
I
3.0
Maximum average absorption values for intermediate ages shall be obtained by linear interpolation.
Y. MANUFACTURERS
CERTIFICATE
The manufacturer shall satisfy himself by regular testing that at the time of delivery the flags comply with the requirements of this British Standard and, if requested, shall forward a certificate to this effect to the purchaser or his representative. The manufacturer shall, if requested to do so, supply a certificate stating the date of manufacture of the flags.
10. FACILITIES FOR SAMPLING
The purchaser or his representative shall at ail reasonable times have access to the place where the flag, are manufactured o r stored, for the purpose of examining and sampling the materials and the finished flags, inspecting the process of manufacture, and marking the flags. The vendor shall, free of extra charge, provide or make arrangements for the provision of such facilities and labour required for examination, sampling, inspecting and marking before delivery as may be necessary to establish that the flags comply with the requirements of this standard.
11. SAMPLES FOR TESTING
1 1 . 1 General. When required the samples shall be taken at random from the appropriate consignment representing the whole or part of the order; these samples may be taken as required in 11.2 or 11.3.
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BS 368 : 1971
11.2 Purchaser's sampling. For the checking of the dimensions specified in Clause 7 and for carrying out the tests specified in Clause 8, the purchaser or his representative may take before or immediately after delivery three sample flags for every order for 2000 or less. For orders for more than 2000 flags, three sample flags may be taken from every 2000 flags forming pact of the order. 11.3 Sampling for independent testing. When it is agreed that independent testing as described in Clause 13 is required, the random sample of three flags shall be selected and marked when both the purchaser and the manufacturer, or their representatives, are present.
1 2 . TEST RESULTS
Should any of the test results not comply with the requirements of Clauses 7 or 8, then the whole of the consignment of 2000 flags, or less, comprising the whole or part of the order, shall be deemed not to comply with this standard.
13. INDEPENDENT TESTS
13.1 Sampling and testing. If requested by the manufacturer, or the purchaser, independent tests shall be carried out by a mutually-agreed, independent testing laboratory whose results shall be accepted. The samples required for these independent tests shall be taken as specified in Clause 1I, measured and tested in accordance with Clauses 7 and 8 and the test results judged as specified in Clause 12. 13.2 Costs of tests. Unless otherwise specified at the time of the enquiry and order, the cost of the independent tests shall be borne as follows: (i) By the manufacturer, in the event of results showing that the flags do not comply with the standard. (2) By the purchaser, in the event of the results showing that the flags comply with the standard.
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BS 368 : 1971
APPENDIX A
METHODS OF MEASURMG A.l Thickness. The thickness of each of the three sample flags is measured with a caliper gauge having jaws suitable for measuring the thickness 30 mm i n from the edge of the flag. The thickness of each flag is measured 30 mm in from the edge of the flag at a distance not more than 100 rnm from each comer. The four measurements obtained from each of the three flags give twelve results, the average of these is calculated and expressed to the nearest 1 mm. A.2 Length and width. The length and width of each of the sample ags is measured at any position across the wearing fa+ with a steel tapecomplyingwith the requirements of BS 4484* and are expressed to the nearest 1 mm. A.3 Squareness of plan. The squareness of plan of each of the sample flags is determined by measuring the two diagonals of the wearing face with a steel tape complying with the requirements of BS 4484* and these dimensions are expressed to the nearest 1 mm. A.4 Flatness, winding and bowing. Flatness, winding and bowing are measured by means of the appropriate notched straightedge and gauge block, both made of steel, shown in Fig. 1. When the notched straightedge is placed in any position on the wearing face of each sample flag, if the surface of the flag touches the notched section of the straightedge, both the support ends of the notched straightedge shall be in contact with the flag. Also, when placed in any position on the wearing face ofeach flag, the gauge block shall not pass between the notched straightedge and the surface ofthe flag.
As amendid Der. 1979
APPE"X B
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TEST FOR TRANSVERSE STRENGTH B.1 Testing machine. The transverse testing machine complies with the requirements of a Grade A or Grade B m a c h e when verified i n aceordance with BS 1610t and is of sufficient capacityto apply loads 50 %higher than is required in Clause 8 @.e.25 kN). It is provided with two steel supporting rollen each 38 mm diameter, spaced 450 mm between centres. for types A, B, C and D; 375 inm for type E: 350 niin for type F; ?SO min for type G.Alternatively two steel bearers each 6 m m wide on the supporting surfaces, spaced 450 nm 375 inm , ,350 mn1 Or 250 mm apart internally, may be used. I n either case, one support is horizontal and the other is so mounted, e,g. by pivoting about a n axis parallel to the length of the specimens,
,
BS 4484, ' Measuring instruments for constructional works ', Part 1, ' Metricrgraduation land figuring of instruments for linear measurements ' . 't BS 1610, ' Methods for the load verification of testing machines x If convenient, 457 mm spacing may bz used.
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it', :I
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BSI BSm36A 71 m 3b2Libh 0 0 0 6 0 5 9 T m
BS 368 : 1971
as to enable loads to be applied without inducing my torsional restraint i n the specimen. The upper member of the loading frame is provided with a spherical seating to ensure that the load is applied axially and without inducing any torsion in the specimen, and a steel platen at least 50 mm wide and of length not less than the width of the widest specimen to be tested, normally 600 mm ( s e Figs 2 and 3).
B.2 Testing procedure. Place the specimen symmetrically on the bearers of the testing machine and with its shorter sides parallel to the supporting rollers or bearers. The load is applied through the medium of a hardwood fillet 50 mm wide, on the upper surface of the specimen at the midpoint of the span and extending the whole width of the specimen parallel to the supporting rollers or bearers. Apply the load steadily and uniformly starting from zero, at a rate not exceedhgO.75 kN per 10 s for flag types A, E, F and G and 1.0 kN per 10 sfor flag types B, C and D.(measured parallel to the bearers), until the specimen breaks Orthe capacity: Of the machine k reached. Record the individual failing loa& in the &port, 1 except that when a specimen does not fail at the upper limit of testhg machine,. - - -as -greater than -kN . record the f a h e-, load
!
APPENDIX C
TEST FOR THE ABSORPTION OF WATER

C.1 Apparatus. The following apparatus is required: (i) Suitable concrete sawing machine. (2) Balance capable of weighing up to 2 kg to an accuracy of 1 g. (3) Well ventilated oven complying with BS 2648* in which the temperaiure is controlled to between 100C and 105C. (4) Desiccator or small, dry, airtight vessel to contain the specimens. ( 5 ) Tank approximately 150 mm deep in which the specimens can be immersed inwater. C.2 Preparation of test pieces. Two square test pieces are sawn from diagonally. opposite comers of each of the three sample flags. These test pieces are approximately 100 mm x 100 mm, sawn from the full thickness of the flag and have two sawn and two moulded edges.
BS 2648, Performance requirements for electrically-heated laboratory drying ovens .
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'C.3 Testing procedure. Place the six test pieces in the drying oven at the same t h e so that they are not nearer than 25 mm to any heating surface or to any other test piece, and dry them in the oven for 72 f 1 h. On removal from the oven, cool them for 24 f 1/2 h in the desiccator or in the small, dry, airtight vessel. Then weigh each test piece and immediately immerse it in water, the temperatureof which shall be 20 f 2"C,for a period of 30 min i 30 s. Immerse the test pieces flat, supported on glass rods or a plastics mesh, at a depth such that there is 25 f 5 mm of water over the top of each test piece. At the end of the 30 min immersion, remove the test pieces, shake them to remove the bulk of the water and then dry them with a cloth as rapidly as possible until all the free water is removed from the surfaces. Immediately weigh each test piece again. Calculab the percentageabsorptionof each test piece by dividing the increase in weight of the test piece by its dry weight, and report the result to the nearest 0.1 %.
Lengt h 550 for 700 for 850 for 400 for 350 for 250 for
type type type type type type
Aand 6 flags C flags D flags E flaas
F f G flaas,
~
50
+-YA
M
?5'
Gauge block
AU dimensions in miiiimetres
Fig. I . Notched straightedge and gauge block
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BS 368 : 1971
,, 9
Hardwood fil let
.:a
2.
Locatin bars removed before &ding is [commenced
Fig. 2. Arrangement of loading for transverse strength test; side elevation.
Flag
Section
B-B
&
I
Flag
1
I
Section C-C
Fig. 3. Arrangement of loading for transverse strength test; end elevations
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B S I BS*3bB 71
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Anieiidiiliciit No. 3 yirblislicd aiid effective froin 29 August 1986 to US 368 : 1971
Precast coiicrete flags

NOTE. This aiiicxirneiit lias bccii publislied peiidiiig tlic piiblicatioii of a new ritisli Staiidard for concrete kerbs niid lkigs, wliicli is iiiteiidcd io siipcrscdc 11s 368 aiid US 340
Revised text
Foreword (as ainerided by Aineridinent No. 1). Delete the last paragrapli and substitute the following. Witli tlie increasing riiiiiiber arid size of veliicles, experience lias sliowii tliat, when footpatlis are subjected to tliese traffic loadings, the existing range of paving flags, A to D, can occasionally suffer damage. A range of paving flags E, F and G, of snialler plaii area lias been introduced, wliicli with a suitable foiiiidation is specifically designed to witlistand tliese loadings. The developniciit of flags of siiialler plan area lias resulted in greatly improved performance of footways suffering occasional heavy-veliicle overruii. Field trials liave coiifirnied laboratory findings and shown that tlie atiioiiiit of cr:icking aiid tlie deuelopaieiit of trips isiiiucli less with siiialler flags, wliicli in turn leads to safer footways and lower inaiiiteiiaiice. Clause 3.1 Quality. In paragraph 1 , lines 2 and 3, delete tlie quality rcquireiiicnts Of 4a and 5d of BS 882 : 19655, or of 4a aiid 5d of BS 1201 : 196511, and substitute BS 882 : 1983 (except grading requirements i n Clause 5)$,. in paragrapii i , lines 4 and 5, delete the quality requirements of Clause 5 of BS i047 : 19521 and substitute Clause 4 of BS 1047 : 1983 (except grading requirenicnts in 4.8)g. Delete the footnote to BS 882 and substitute tlie following. 3 BS 882, Specificdtion for aggregdtes from natural sources for concrete. Delete tlie footnote to BS 1201. Dzletc tlie footnote to BS 1047 and substitute tlie following 9 BS 1047, Specification for air-cooled blastfiiriiace shg aggregate for use iii construction. Clause 4.1 Pulverized-fuel asli. Delete paragraph i and substitute the following. Wliere pulverized-fuel asli is used, it shall comply with BS 3892 : lart It or BS 3892 : Part 2i. Delete the footnote to BS 3892 and substitute tlic following.
f. BS 3892, Pulverized-fuel di, Fart 1, Specification for pulverized-fuel u l i for use us a ceiiicntitious coiiiponcnt in structural concrete and Part 2, Speciication for pulverizedfuel asli for use in grouts aiid for miscellaneous uses in concrete.
--``,`,,`,,,,``````,,``,``````,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Flag type
I'lnii sizes
Work size
tliickncss
Co-ordiiiatiilg
SiLC
Work size
liniit of
liniit of
size
nini
111111 inin
size
niiii
nim
50 or 63
50 or 63
600 X 450 6 0 0 X GOO 600 X 750 600 X 900 450 X 450
598 598 598 598
x 448 x 598 x 7413
600 X 450 600 X 600 600 X 750 600
596 X 446 596 X 596 596 X 746 596 x a96 446 X 446 396 X 396 296 X 296
n
C
50 or 63 50 or 63 50 or 70 50 or 65 50 or 60
D
E
1 ;
x x
898 448
>:900
448
398 298
450 X 450 400 X 400 300 X 300
400 X 400
300 X 300
x 398 x 298
[AMD 51741
--``,`,,`,,,,``````,,``,``````,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
, Table 2 Transverse strciigtli requireiticnts. Delctc the table [id substitut eh iiew Table 2 .
, . I
T d l c 2. TRANSVERSE STRBNGTII REQUIREMENTS

Flag typc
hiiiiiiriuiii
failing load
--A
U,CorD
50 niiii thick
kN
60 nini thick kN
63 nini
thick
kN
65 niiii thick kN
70 i n i n thick
kN
8.3 11.1
12.7 16.9 18.8 15.4

II.
9.6
9.1
9.6
13.8
Clause B.1 Testiiig iiiaciiiiie. In line 5, after between centres itisert for types A, B , C and D; 375 111111 for type E;350 inni for type F; 250 mm for type G. In line 6,after 450 m m * insert , 375 min, 350 mm or 250 min.
. _
[AMD 51741
--``,`,,`,,,,``````,,``,``````,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
_.-
kN pcr 10 s Lor slabs 450 111111 wide and 1 .O kN pe; 10 s for slabs 600 inn wide arid substiliite 0.75kN per I O s for flag typcs A, E, Ii aiid G and 1.0 kN pcr 10 s for l:ig types U, C and il. Pig. 1. Nofclicd straightedge aiid gaiige block. (as mended by Anieiidiiicrit No, 2). Deletc figurc 1 aiid substitute tlic ncw figure 1.
C h s c 11.2 Yestirig proccdirre. Iii paragraph 3, liiie 2, delete 0.75
--``,`,,`,,,,``````,,``,``````,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Len3i h 550 for 700 fcr 050 for 400 for 350 for 250 for
type type type type
A and 8 flogs C flags D flags E flags type F flags type G fiaqs,
O1 u/ n
k
Gauge block
25
N I dinieiisions in niillimetres
Fig. 1. Notched straightedge and gauge block
[AMD 51741
B S I B S * 3 6 8 71
3624669 00060bb 7
Fig. 2, Arrsiigeiiieiit of loadiiig for traiisverse strenglii fest; ciid elevation. Dclcte figuic 2 uiid substitutc tlic IICW figure 2.
Hardwood 1 1 1let
I
-before
Locating brs removed loadng is commenced

I
l
I l I
+,
450,375,350 or-250 mm (see B.l)

C-
Fig. 2. Arrangement of loading for transverse strength test; side elcvation.
8608-2-1.6k-B
RDB/32 [AMD 51741
--``,`,,`,,,,``````,,``,``````,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

BS 368-1971 Precast Concrete Flags

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BS 368-1971 Precast Concrete Flags

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B S I BS*3bB 7 1 ~ ~ ~ L b 2 4 0 h 0b 06 042 4

BRITISH STANDARD 368 : 1971

PRECAST CONCRETE FLAGS

BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION

COPYRIGHT 2003; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards

PRECAST CONCRETE FLAGS

BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION

2 PARK STREET, LONDON W1A 2BS

COPYRIGHT 2003; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards

COPYRIGHT 2003; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards

COPYRIGHT 2003; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards

BSI BS*3bi 71 U Z b 2 4 b b 0006047 3 I

COPYRIGHT 2003; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards

BSI BS*3bB 71 W l b 2 4 b b 9 000b048 5

BS 368 : 1971 BRITISH STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR

PRECAST CONCRETE FLAGS

BS 340, Pre-cast concrete kerbs, channels, edgings and quadrants .

COPYRIGHT 2003; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards

BSI B S * 3 b B 71 I I Lb24bb 000b049 7

COPYRIGHT 2003; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards

+ BS 4027, ' Sulphate-resisfing Portland cement '.

BS 915, ' High alumina cemenf

COPYRIGHT 2003; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards

BSI B S * 3 6 8 71 W Lh246h7 000605L 5

COPYRIGHT 2003; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards

cementitious component in structural concrete' and Part 2, 'Specification for pulverized-

maximum and minimum limits of manufacturing size specified in 7.1.

COPYRIGHT 2003; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards

Flags shall be protected from damage by frost.

Flag type Plan sizes

600 X 450 600 X 600

600 X 900 450 X 450 400 X 400 300 X 300

7.2 Tolerances. When sampled in aecordiince with Clame 1 i and masuted as

COPYRIGHT 2003; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards

Mininiuni aailiiiy load 50mm thick

COPYRIGHT 2003; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards

Age of sample at test

Convirsion factors for Intermediate ages shall be obtained by linear interpolation.

COPYRIGHT 2003; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards

Age of sample at test

Maximum average absorption by weight

COPYRIGHT 2003; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards

COPYRIGHT 2003; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards

As amendid Der. 1979

COPYRIGHT 2003; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards

BSI BSm36A 71 m 3b2Libh 0 0 0 6 0 5 9 T m

TEST FOR THE ABSORPTION OF WATER

COPYRIGHT 2003; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards

BSI BS*3b8 71 W 1 6 2 4 b b 9 OOObObO b W

type type type type type type

Aand 6 flags C flags D flags E flaas

COPYRIGHT 2003; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards

Locatin bars removed before &ding is [commenced

Fig. 2. Arrangement of loading for transverse strength test; side elevation.

Fig. 3. Arrangement of loading for transverse strength test; end elevations

COPYRIGHT 2003; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards

Precast coiicrete flags

COPYRIGHT 2003; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards

600 X 450 6 0 0 X GOO 600 X 750 600 X 900 450 X 450

598 598 598 598

x 448 x 598 x 7413

600 X 450 600 X 600 600 X 750 600

450 X 450 400 X 400 300 X 300

COPYRIGHT 2003; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards