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keplers laws Johannes Kepler discovered three empirical laws by using the data on planetary motion, pertaining to the orbit of planets. These laws are included here because of the huge importance they have regarding the motion of planets. 1. First law (Law of orbit): Each planet moves in an elliptical orbit, with the light at one focus of the ellipse. This is called law of orbits. For simplification, the orbit can be assumed to be nearly circular because circle is special case of ellipse. Each planet has a definite orbit and different planets have different orbits. Second law (Law of area): A line joining any planet to the sun (i.e. radius vector of the planet from sun) sweeps equal areas in equal interval of time i.e. the linear speed of the planet changes such that the areal velocity of planet is constant. The linear speed is maximum when the planet is nearest to sun, while it is minimum when the planet is farthest from the sun. Third law (Law of period): The square of the time periods of the planet is proportional to the cube of semi-major axis of ellipse. If T is time period of revolution of a planet around T 2 a3 the sun and a is the semi-major axis of the orbit of ellipse, then

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