1 Principles and Concepts, 1
Observation, Ld
Examination, 15
Principles, 15
Vital Sins,
Scanning Examination, 17
Examination of Specific Joints, 28
Functional Assrment, 39
Special (Diagnostic) Tests, 46
Reflexes and Cutancous Distribution, 50
Join Play Movements, 54
Palpation, 54
Diagnostic Imaging,
Précis, 65
Case Studies, 66
Conclusion, 68
Appendix, 69
2 Head and Face, 71
Applied Anatomy, 71
Patient History, 7:
Observation, 90
Examination, 96
Examination of the Head, 96
Examination of the Face, 104
Examination of the Eye, 106
Examination ofthe Note, 112
Examination of the Teeth, 113.
Examination of the Ear, 113
Special Test, 116
Reflexes and Cutancons Distribution, 117
Join: Play Movements, 118
Palpation, 118
Diagnostic Imaging, 122
Précis of the Head and Face Assessment, 126
Case Studies, 126
Appendix, 128
3 Cervical Spine, 130
Applied Anatomy, 130
Patient History, 135,
Observation, 142
Examination, 143
Contents
Active Movements, 144
Passive Movements, 150
Resisted Lometric Movements, 153
Scanning Examination, 154
Functional Assessment, 158
Special Tests, 161
Reflexes and Ctancons
Joint Play Movements, 18:
Palpation, 184
Diagnostic Imaging, 188
Précis of the Cervical Spine Assessment, 198
Case Studies, 198
Appendix, 200
riburion, 180
4__Temporomandibular Joint, 203
Applied Anatomy, 203
Patient History, 205
Observation, 210
Examination, 213
“Active Movements, 2.
Passive Movements, 216
Resisted Iiomerric Movements, 217
Functional Asesment, 217
Special Tests, 217
Refleses and Cutancous Distribution, 219
Joint Play Movements, 220
Palpation, 221
Diagnostic Imaging, 224
Précis of the Temporomandibular
Joine Assessment, 227
Case Studies, 228
Appendix, 229)
Shoulder, 231
Applied At
Patient
Observation, 240
Examination, 246
‘Active Movements,
Passive Movements, 258
Resited Inomerric Movements, 261
Functional Asessment
Special Test, 270
Refleses And Cutaneous Distribution, 322
Joint Play Movements, 327Palpation, 330
Diagnostic Imaging, 333
Précis of the Shoulder Assessment, 348.
Case Studies, 349
Appendix, 351
Elbow, 361
Applied Anatomy, 361
Patient History, 364
Observation, 365
Examination, 365
Active Movements, 366
Passive Movements, 368
Resisted Liometric Movements, 369
Functional Asesment, 372
Special Tests, 372
Reflexes and Cutancous Distribution, 381
Joint Play Movements, 385
Palpation, 386
Diagnostic Imaging, 388
Précis of the Elbow Assessment, 393
Case Studies, 393
Appendix, 395
Forearm, Wrist, and Hand, 396
Applied Anatomy, 396
Patient History, 400
Observation, 401
Common Hand and Finger Deformities, 404
Other Physical Findings, 410
Examination, 410
Active Movements, 41
Passive Movements, 416
Resisted Isometric Movements, 418
Functional Asessment (Grip), 419
Special Tests, 435
Reflexes and Cutancous Dieribution, 446
Joint Play Movements, 451
Palpavion, 453
Diagnostic Imaging, 456
Précis of the Forearm, Wrist, and Hand
Assessment, 464
Case Studies, 464
Appendix, 466
Thoracic (Dorsal) Spine, 471
Applied Anatomy, 471
Patient History, 475
Observation, 475
Kyphosis, £76
Contents
Scoliosis, 478
Breathing, 479
(Chest Deformities, 482
ination, 482
Active Movements, 483,
Exa
Pasive Movements, 492
Resisted Isometric Movements, 495
Functional Assesment, 495
Special Tests, 495
Reflexes and Cutancous Distribution, 501
Toint Play Movements, 502
Palpation, 506
Diagnostic Imaging, 508
Précis of the Thoracic Spine Assessment, 512
Case Studies, 512
Appendix, 514
9__Lumbar Spine, 515
Applied Anatomy, 515
Patient History, 520
Observation, 528)
mn, 532
‘Active Movements,
Passive Movements, 537
Resisted Leometric Movements, 539
Peripheral Joint Scanning Examination, 547
Myotomes, 548
Functional Asesrment, 550
Special Tests, 558
Refleses and Cutancons Distribution, 578
Joint Play Movements, 581
Palpation, 585
Diagnostic Imaging, 588
Précis of the Lumbar Spine Assessment, 608
Case Studies, 609
Appendix, 611
Exat
10 Pelvis, 617
Applied Anatomy, 617
Patient History, 619
Observation, 621
Examination, 625
Active Movements, 626
Passive Movements, 630
Reristed Isometric Movements, 634
Functional Assesment, 635,
Special Tests, 635
Reflexes and Cutancons Distribution, 644
Joint Play Movements, 644
Palpation, 649
Diagnostic Imaging, 652
Précis of the Pelvis Assessment,McCall Meteack
PAIN QUESTIONNAIRE
CHAPTER 1 « Principles and Concepts
Pact Mow Stcong ts Your Pint
ese a ei kre pl nig iy. They
specific nerves. Thus, the examiner must have detailed
Knowledge of the sensory distribution of nerve roots
(dermatomes) and peripheral nerves as the different
distributions may tell where the pathology or problem
is if the nerve is involved. Bone pain tends to be
deep, boring, and localized. Vascular pain tends to
be diffuse, aching, and poorly localized and may be
referred to other areas of the body. Muscle pain is usu
ally hard to localize, is dull and aching, is often agra
DMEGill-Melrack Pain Questionnaire, (From Melzack R: The McGill pain questionnaire: Major properties and
scoring methods, Pun 1:280-281, 1975.)
vated by injury, and may be referred to other areas
(Table 1-4). If 4 muscle is injured, when the muscle
contracts or is stretched, the pain will increase. Inert
tissue such as ligaments, joint capsules, and bursa tend
to exhibit pain similar to muscle pain and may be indis-
Jishable from muscle pain in the resting state (c.g.,
when the examiner is taking the history); however,
pain in inert tissue is increased when the structures
are stretched or pinched, Each of these specific tissue