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uGefjrLepfygwDESifh quf+yD;awmwGif;okd@ usaemfajymjyaom owif;rsm;ukd ay;ykd@ygonf?
ukd}uD;jrifhESifh usaemfonf npOf usaemfhpmzwfcef;twGif; ESpfOD;om; aqG;aEG;yGJxkdif=uygonf? usaemfonfvnf; Ttpkd;&
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usaemfaexkdifaeaom r*Fvm'Hktdrf}uD;rSm t*Fvdyfrsm; aqmufvkyfaexkdifcJhonfh tdrf}uD;jzpfojzifh tvGef}uD;rm; us,f0ef;
aoma=umifh ukd}uD;jrifhwdk@ rdom;pktaeESifhtm;em&efrvkdbJ aumif;pGmaeavmufygonf? usaemfhZeD;uvnf; aumif;rGefpGm au|;arG;
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3
ppfynmoifaepOf AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;u - a*smh0g&Sifwefwkd@ tar&duefvGwfvyfa&;twGuf (7) ESpfwkdufch&J ovkd wkd@rsm;&J@ vGwfvyfa&;
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4
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5
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d urBmppftwGi;f u zufqpf*smrefrsm;udk
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tar&duef. ajr‡mufpm;jcif;ukd cHae&csdefjzpfygonf?
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w0}uD;em;axmifcJh&ygonf?
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xkvd t l yk }f uD;ukd rde@f ceG ;f ajym&ef twif;wku d w f eG ;f +yD; vltyk }f uD;tm;vnf; {nfo h nfArmAkv d cf sKyfu rde@f ceG ;f ajymrnf[k a=unmvku d yf gawmhonf?
usaemfvnf; rvGJomawmhbJ rdef@cGef;wkdav; ajym&ygonf? usaemfu rm&S,fwD;wkd;acgif;aqmifaom ,l*kdpvyfjynfolawG
'kwd,urBmppf}uD;twGif; *smrefzufqpfwkd@ukd pGrf;pGrf;wrH jyefvnfwGef;vSefwkdufckdufr_ukd csD;usL;ajymqkd+yD;/ yk*~dKvft&vnf; acgif;aqmif
rm&S,fwD;wkd;ukd tvGefcsD;usL;ajymqkdvkdufygonf? txl;ojzifh rm&S,fwD;wkd;. ol&owWdukd csD;usL;ajymqkdjcif; jzpfygonf? TonfrSm
xkdpOfu ‚wkd@vkyfaqmifae=uaom ±k&Sm;uGefjrLepf qef@usifawmfvSefaer_rsm;ukd axmufcHcsD;usL;&myg a&mufojzifhwa=umif;/
bmomjyeforl mS vnf; tm0Z…e;f tvGe&f i$ o f jzifw h a=umif; vlxu k tvGeo f abmusomG ;+yD; rsm;pGm=obmay;ygawmhonf? xkrd ed @f ceG ;f ukv d nf;
,l*pdk vyf pm - e,f - Zif;rsm;wGif tjynft h pHk xnfo h iG ;f azmfjyonf[k aemufyidk ;f wGif od&ygonf? xk@d a=umifh usaemfrh mS ,l*pdk vyfwiG v f nf;
xif&Sm;oGm;ygonf?
usaemfhrSm rdrdpdwfESifh qef@usifbufrsm;ukd ajymqkdvkyfukdifae&ojzifh txl;owdxm;ae-ae&ygonf? OD;ausmf+idrf;rSmvnf;
tvGefowd}uD;/ yg;eyfoljzpf&m usaemfhtuJukd cwfae/ avhvmaeonf xifygonf?
usaemfvnf; OD;ausm+f idr;f u ,l*pdk vyftay: Tr#avmuf av;av;pm;pm; qufqjH yKrlaer_tay: oHo,&Sv d mygonf? OD;ausm+f idr;f
taejzifh ,l*kdpvyfacgif;aqmifrsm;ukd Armjynfokd@ zdwfac:+yD; ArmjynfwGif ±k&Sm;raumif;a=umif;/ uGefjrLepf0g' raumif;a=umif;/
uGejf rLepfqef@usiaf &;awG 0g'jzef@ajymqkad pvdrrhf nf? xkt d a&;wGif usaemfu h v dk nf; tdr&f iS tf jzpf ,l*dk pvyftzG@J udk }uKd qk{d nfch &H mwGif yg0ifap+y;D /
uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&;wGif usaemfa&maESmyg0ifvmap&ef &nf&G,fvkyfukdifaeonf[k usaemfxifjrif,lq vmaeygonf?
xk@d a=umifh usaemfonf xkt d a&;ukd rjzpfap&ef/ tedrq hf ;kH xkud pd w P iG f usaemfyg0if ywfoufjcif;r&Sad p&ef vkyu f ifdk af qmif&u G &f rnf[k
xifjrifvmygonf?
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a&mufvm+yD; pum;pjrnfajym&if;u ,l*kdpvyftay: usaemfhxifjrifcsufukd ar;jref;ygawmhonf?
usaemfuvnf; Tar;cGef;onf OD;ausmf+idrf;u ar;ckdif;wmjzpf&rnf[k em;vnfvkdufygonf? xkd@a=umifh aemufaemif usaemfhukd
uGefjrLepf0g' qef@usifa&;wGif toHk;rcsEkdif&ef tjywfajymrS aumif;rnf[k,lq+yD;/ usaemfu jyefajymqkd&mwGif rSwfrdoavmufrSm-
,l*kdpvyfwkdif;jynfonf usaemfwkd@wkdif;jynfxufyifi,fonfh Oa&myrS qif;&JonfhEkdifiHi,fav;w&yfomjzpfa=umif;/ rm&S,fwD;wkd;.
vufxufwGifvnf; bmr#}uD;}uD;us,fus,f wkd;wufaewmvnf; rawG@&a=umif;/ azmuf jyefwhJ tar&duefe@J om yl;aygif;vkyfukdifae+yD;
±k&mS ;qef@usiaf &;awGom ajyma[mtcsed u f ek af e=uwmjzpfa=umif; pwmawG ajymvku d yf gw,f? xk@d jyif usaemfw@dk rawmfwq awG@jrifvu dk &f wJh
,l*pdk vyfppfAv dk w
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avhvmtwk,lp&m r&Sd[k ajymvkdufrd+yD; usaemfavhvm zwf±_xm;&aom ,l*dkpvyf raumif;a=umif;tcsuftvufawGukdvnf; ajymjy
vkdufrdygonf?
xkdpOfu Akdvfrª;}uD;ausmfpkd;ukdvnf; qdk&S,fvpfygwDrS trmcHvl&if;[k rxifcJhrd? rv$JomI qkd&S,fvpfxJ a&mae&onf[k
xifjrifchrJ donf? aemifrSom olonf qkd&S,fvpfvl&if;wOD;jzpfa=umif; odvm&ygonf?
Tokd@usaemfu Akdvfrª;}uD;ausmfpdk;ukd ajymqkdvkdufr_rSm usaemfhb0twGuf }uD;pGmxdckdufoGm;cJha=umif;ukd aemufykdif; usrS
odchJ&ygonf? wkdif;jynftwGufa&m/ wyfrawmftwGufyg epfemoGm;cJh&ygonf?
usaemf. oabmxm;rsm;ukd od&SdoGm;ol OD;ausmf+idrf;rSm usaemfonf omrefvl±kd;wOD;r[kwf? tawmfckdifrmaom uGefjrLepf
wa,muf[k ,lqvkdufyHk&ygonf? usaemfhukd ol@=oZmatmufodrf;oGif;+yD; qkd&S,fvpfygwDbufygvmatmif vkyfEkdifrnfr[kwf±Hkru
usaemfhtEW&m,fyg jrifvmyHk&ygonf? xkd@a=umifhusaemfhukd Akdvfae0if;xufyif tEW&m,frsm;ol[k jrifvmyHk& +yD; usaemfhtay: zdESdyfa&;ukd
Akv
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xkwfypfa&;ukd Akdvfatmif}uD;ESifhtwl }udK;pm;avawmhonf?
usaemfwkd@ taemufEkdifiH tawmfrsm;rsm;ukd vSnfhvnf =unfh±_+yD;aemuf/ txl;ojzifh ,l*kdpvyfwGif wveD;yg;r# avhvm
aexkdif+yD;aemuf t*Fvefokd@jyefvm=uygonf? ,l*kdpvyfwGif wvvHk;vHk; xrif;rpm;bJ aygifrkef@ompm;ae&&m usaemfwkd@ t*Fvef
a&mufonfah e@wiG f Armrke@f [if;cg;qkid w f qkid uf dk &Sm+yD; qkid yf w d cf idk ;f vku
d +f yD; usaemfw@dk pm;csio f nfh Arm tpm;tpmrsm;ESihf xrif;ukd tm;&yg;&
csufjyKwfpm;aomufch=J u&onfh tjzpftysufwckukdvnf; rSwfrdaeygonf?
t*FvefwiG f OD;ausm+f idr;f u wywfr# rdrw d @dk oGm;csiv f nfywfcsio f nfrsm;ukd vnfywfomG ;a&mufciG jhf yK&m usaemf onf eHeufwiG f
6
aygifrkef@tom;n‡yfrkef@rsm; 0,foGm;+yD;/ vef'efjywkduf}uD;xJwGif waeukef Armjynfta=umif; a&;om;xm;csufrsm;/ urBmhppfyGJ}uD;rsm;
ta=umif;/ urBmhppfol}uD;rsm;ESifh EkdifiHa&;okcrdefrsm;ta=umif; pwmawGukd oGm;a&muf zwf±_avhvmcJhygonf? usaemfhtwGuf tawmf
tzkd;wefaom A[kokwrsm;ukd avhvm&&SdcJhygonf? Akdvfrª;}uD;cifndKESifh useftzGJ@0iftcsdK@uvnf; paumhwvefokd@ oGm;a&muf
vnfywf=uygonf?
t*FvefwGif a&wyfavhusifha&;/ urf;±kd;wef;umuG,fa&;/ urf;wufwyfrsm;. uGefrif'kdavhusifha&;rsm;ukd avhvmcJh =uygonf?
xkd@aemuf usaemfwkd@ taemufEkdifiHoGm; avhvma&;tzG@J Armjynfokd@ jyefvmcJhygonf?
usaemfwkd@ r*Fvm'Hkavqdyfokd@ qkdufa&mufvmaomtcg av,mOfuGif;wGif vltrsm;tjym; vma&muf}udKqkdaewmukd
awG@&ygonf? usaemfc&D;xGuaf epOftwGi;f wyfwiG ;f Y Twacguf usaemfjyefa&mufv#if 'k-umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf&mxl;ay; awmhrnf[al om
owif;xGufae+yD; vltrsm;uvnf; 'Dowif;[kwfr[kwf rdrdukd ar;jref;a=umif; usaemf jyefa&mufvmcsdefwGif usaemfhZeD;u ajymjyygonf?
xkdae@u vma&muf}udKqkdolrsm;=um;wGif ppfOD;pD;csKyf Akdvfae0if;vnf; yg-ygonf? olu usaemfhukd av,mOfysHuGif;rS
awmifykdif;ppfXmecsKyf±Hk;&Sd uyGcJ ef;raqmifokd@ ac:oGm;+yD; c&D;pOfta=umif; tao;pdwfar;jref;ygonf? usaemfu olESifhusaemf tjyeftvSef
ajymqkdcsufrsm;ukd rrSwfrdawmhyg? ajym±kd;ajympOf ajymcJh=uonf[kom oabmxm;cJhygonf?
odk@aomf Akdvfae0if;twGufaomf xkdokd@r[kwfacs? olu &mxl;wnf+rJa&;twGuf ylyefae&aomtcsdef jzpfojzifhvnf;aumif;/
OD;ausmf+idrf;u usaemfhukd ac:oGm;onfh &nf&G,fcsufukdvnf; &dyfrdaeIvnf;aumif;/ usaemfhpdwfukd prf;oyf[ef &Sdygonf? Akdvfae0if;u
usaemfhukd xkdcef;raqmifwGif; ac:roGm;cif cef;raqmiftwGif;&Sd Zmwf±Hkuef@vef@umaemufwGif Akdvfcspfcif (aemif rqvacwf
axmufvSrf;a&;rª;) ukd ykef;atmif;aeap+yD; usaemfjyefajymcsufrsm;ukd rSwfom;apcJhygonf? aemif Akdvfcspfcifu usaemfhukd jyefajymjyI
usaemfod&onfrSm usaemfu Akdvfae0if;ukd usaemfhtaeESifh AkdvfcsKyfvufatmufrSmae+yD; wyfrawmfaumif;a&;twGufyJ &nf&G,fygonf?
wjcm;yk*~Kdvfa&; &nf&G,fcsuf usaemfhrSm r&Sdyg[k ajymvkdufonfwGif Akdvfae0if; tawmfpdwfoufom&m &oGm;onf[k qdkygonf?
xkd@tjyif xkdumvu qdk&S,fvpfwyfrª;tcsdK@ Akdvfae0if;ukd tdrfaxmifa&;udpPukd ta=umif;jyI jzKwfypf&ef usaemfhukd vmqG,f
=uygao;onf? usaemfu aemifvmrnfh armifykvJ 'kdif;0efxuf uJrnfukd jrifojzifh/ 'gu ukd,fa&;ukd,fwmudpPyAJ sm? wyfvnf; bmrS
xdckdufwmr[kwfb[ J k ajym+yD; y,fcsvkdufygonf?
Akdvfae0if;onf usaemfESifh qufqH&mwGif wjcm;qkd&S,fvpfrsm;ESifhrwlbJ/ tawmfaxmufaxmufxm;xm; qufqHonfukd
awG@&ygonf? wkdif;jynfwGif ppfa&;ppf&mjy\em ay:vmygu tcsdefra&G;ac:,l ajz&Sif;Ekdif&ef usaemfhtay:tm;ukd;onfh oabmxm;[ef
&Sdygonf? usaemfhrSmvnf; yk*~dKvfa&;qkdif&m }uD;yGm;vkdpdwf/ ae&m,lvkdpdwf enf;yg;rSef;vnf; olodyHk&ygonf? xkd@tjyif aemufykdi;f usrS
usaemfpOf;pm;rdonfrSm usaemfwyfxJwGif &Sdaeoa&G@ ol@twGuf vHk+cHKovkd jzpfaeygonf? ol@ukd zqyvxJrS EkdifiHa&;orm;tcsdK@u
r}udKufESpfouf=uaomfvnf;/ ol@ukd z,f&Sm;vkdufv#if usaemfhukdyJ wif&awmhrnf jzpfojzifh/ 'gukd xkdEkdifiHa&;orm;rsm;/ qkd&S,fvpfrsm;u
}uKd ufEidk rf nf r[kwyf g? xk@d a=umifh ol@yq J ufxm;&ygvrd rhf nf? Tta=umif;rsm;a=umifh usaemft h ay: Akv d af e0if;. qufqaH &;rSm tawmftoifh
aumif;rGefajyjypfchJ[ef &Sdygonf?
TumvtwGi;f jzpfysucf o hJ nfh ta=umif;t&mwckuv dk nf; rSwrf ad eygonf? wkid ;f jynfwiG f xif&mS ;cJo h nfh udpw P ck jzpfcIhJ vnf;
usaemfwwfEkdifor# jyefvnfpOf;pm; a&;om;&ygOD;rnf?
1952 ckESpfavufuyJ[k xifygonf? om,m0wD/ rif;vS+rdK@wGif xif&Sm;aom twkduftcH (aemifwGif yrnwjzpfvm)
acgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfaom OD;b+idrf; }uD;rª;usif;yaom vlxkw&m;yGu J kd ArmhwyfrawmftwGif;&Sd qkd&S,fvpfbufom; ppfAkdvfwOD;trdef@jzifh
wyf=uyf-wyfom;wpku 0ifa&muf±kdufESuf+yD; w&m;yGu J kd zsufchJr_jzpfygonf? OD;b+idrf;ukd,fwkdifyif OD;acgif;wGif '%f&m&oGm;ygonf?
xdkudpP owif;pmrsm;wGifvnf; ygvm&m/ Armjynfvlxk}uD;u rausreyfjzpfvm+yD; qef@usifv_yf&Sm;vmygonf? xkd@ a=umifh
tpkd;&u a=unmcsufwapmif xkwfjyef&ygonf? — rif;vS+rdK@ vlxkw&m;yGJ 0ifa&muf±kdufESufonfh udpPukd tpkd;&u pHkprf;ppfaq;a&;
aumfr&SifzG@J +yD; ppfaq;ta&;,lrnf? pHkprf;ppfaq;a&; aumfr&Sif OuUÏtjzpf Armhwyfrawmf/ awmifykdif;wkdif;-wkdif;rª;Akdvfrª;csKyfausmfaZmukd
wm0efay;rnf[laom a=unmcsufjzpfonf?
xkdtcg jynfolvlxkrSmvnf; usaemfonf rSefonfhtwkdif;vkyfrnfukd ,Hk=unfojzifh +idrfusoGm;ygonf?
usaemf. pHpk rf;a&;aumfr&Siw f iG f Adv
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acgif;aqmif Akdvfatmif}uD;. aemufvkdufvl&if; qdk&S,fvpfygwD bufawmfom;}uD; jzpfonf? ol@ukdxnfh oGif;jcif;. &nf&G,fcsufrSm
pHkprf;ppfaq;a&;aumfr&Sif. vkyfief;ukd zsufqD;aESmuf,Suf&ef jzpfyHk&ygonf?
usaemfwkd@ pHkprf;ppfaq;a&; aumfr&SiftzG@J 0ifrsm; rif;vS+rdK@ukd oGm;+yD; pHkprf;ppfaq;r_ukd pwifygonf? usaemfwkd@onf rif;vSwGif
xkdw&m;yGJukd wufa&mufcJhonfhol 2 OD;-3 OD;ukd ac:,lppfaq;&m/ ‚wkd@tm;vHk;u ppfom;rsm; w&m;yGJukd 0if±kdufESuf+zdKcGJa=umif;
tm;vHk;woHwnf; xGufqkd=uygonf?
TwGif Akv fd rf ;ª }uD;oef;pdeu
f vlxak xmifcs&D w dS hJ w&m;yGu J dk wyfom;wOD;ESpOf ;D u 0if+yD;±ku d &f yJ grh vm;? rjzpfEidk [
f k ajymqkv d mygonf?
usaemfo@l udk bmr#jyefrajymbJ/ w&m;yGJ wufco hJ rl sm;ukd ppfaq;+yD;aomtcg w&m;yGt J eD;&Sd tdrrf sm;rS vl rsm;ukd quf+y;D ppfaq; ar;jref;ygonf?
TwGif w&m;yGJ t0if0&Sd tdrfwtdrfrS trsdK;orD;wOD;ukd ppfaq;&mwGif ta&;}uD;aom xl;jcm;csufrsm;ukd awG@&yg awmhonf?
7
 xkdtrsdK;orD;ajymjyonfrSm usr w&m;yGu J qlqlnHnHoHawG =um;&vkd@ usrtdrfjywif;aygufu xGuf=unfhawmh w&m;yGt J 0if0
vrf;ay:rSm tvHeDuav; wvufvuf v_yf&Sm;aewm awG@&ygw,f? tvHeDuav;[m wxGmavmufyJ &Sdr,f? 'gukd aoaocsmcsm
od&atmifvkd@ tdrfjyifxGuf=unfhawmh tvHeDuav;&J@ atmufrSm um;rJrJ}uD;wpD; awG@&wm? 'g[moHcsyfum-um;}uD;qkdwm
usrodygw,fvkd@ xGufqkdoGm;ygonf?
usaemfu xkdtrsdK;orD; xGufqkdcsuf rnfr#vufawG@rSm rSefuefEkdifa=umif; od&Sdzkd@twGuf wyfrSoHcsyfum um;wpD; armif;,l
vmap+yD; xkdtrsdK;orD; tvHeDuav; jrif&aomae&mwGif &yfxm;apygonf? xkdoHcsyfum um;}uD; &yfxm;&m vloGm;vrf;uav;rSmvnf;
tkwfeDcrJ sm; cif;xm;&m tkwfeDcw J csdK@ usdK;yJhaewmukd jrif&ojzifh ,cifoHcsyfumum;}uD; &yfpOfu wkdufrdckdfufrdchJyHk&ygonf?
aemuf xkdtrsdK;orD;ajymaom ol@tdrfxJrS xkdae&mukd =unfh±_&mwGif/ olajymovkdyif tvHeDuav;ukd awG@&ygonf? Armh
wyfrawmfrS oHcsyfumum;rsm;wGif um;xdyfnmbufapmif;wGif (6) vufreD;yg;&Sd =uufv#mtvHeD t0wfpav;wckukd oHacsmif;rSm
csnf+yD;pkdufxm;+rJjzpf&m xkdtrsdK;orD;. xGufqkdcsufrsm; rSefuefa=umif; odEkdifygonf? Akdvfoef;pdefvnf; 0if =unfhygonf?
‚.oabmrSm 0if±kdufolwkd@rSm tenf;pkom jzpfojzifh olwkd@csnf; r±kduf&JbJ/ vlxkw&m;yGJ}uD;ukd oHcsyfumum;}uD;jzifh
csdef&G,f+cdrf;ajcmufxm;+yD;rS 0if±kduf=ujcif; jzpfa=umif; xif&Sm;aeygonf?
oHcsyfumum;}uD;rsm;wGif usaemfodoavmuf (3.7) vufr puftajrmuf wvufESifh pufaoewf}uD;wvuf wyf
qifxm;wwfygonf? aumif;pGm +cdrf;ajcmufEkdifygonf?
TtrsdK;orD;ukd ppfaq;+yD;aemuf usaemfwkd@. pHkprf;ppfaq;r_rSm jynfhpHkvHkavmufoGm;ygonf? wyfrawmfom; &Jabmfrsm;u
w&m;yGJ 0if±kdufonfrSm rSefuefa=umif; xif&Sm;vmojzifh usaemfwkd@. pHkprf;ppfaq;r_ukd tqHk;owfvkdufygonf?
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rSefuefonf[k ,lqa=umif;ukd oufaocH xGufcsufrsm;ESifh yl;wG+J yD; ppf±Hk;csKyfukd pHkprf;ppfaq;a&;tzG@J tpD&ifcH pm wifawmhrnf? tu,fI
Akv
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d rf ;ª }uD;oef;pdeu
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oD;jcm;wifp&m r&Sdawmh[k oabmwlvmygonf? xkd@a=umifhtxufyg tpD&ifcHpmukd wifvkdufygonf? okd@aomf bma=umifhrSef;rod?
oufqkdif&mwkd@u xkdtpD&ifcHpmt& bmrSqufrvkyfyg? vlxkuvnf; +idrfoufoGm;ygonf?
TonfrSm xkdacwfxkdumvu wyfwGif;qkd&S,fvpfrsm;. jynfolwkd@. 'Drkdua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;ukd pwif ydwfqkd@vmr_rsm;.
wuGufwuGif;tajctae jzpfygonf? r&Jw&J aoG;wkd;prf;vmr_vnf; jzpfygonf?
usaemftaemufEkdifiH avhvma&;c&D;rS jyefvm+yD;aemufwGif wkdif;jynfwGif w±kwfjzLusL;ausmfr_tEW&m,f }uD;rm;vmojzifh
xkdusL;ausmfr_ukd ESdrfeif;&ef wm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&+yD; 1953ckESpf/ ZlvkdifvwGif ajrmufykdif;wkdif;rª;tjzpf cef@tyfvdkufygonf?

w±kwfjzL okd@r[kwf ulrifwefrsm;. usL;ausmfr_ orkdif;tusOf;csKyf

w±kwjf ynf}uD;wGif cseaf u&Swd f OD;aqmifonfh ulrifweftpk;d &ESihf armfpw D ek ;f OD;aqmifonfh uGejf rLepfygww D @dk 2 buf ESp&f nS =f umrsm;
jynfwGif;ppf qifE&J$ mrS 1949ckESpf atmufwkdbmvwGif uGefjrLepfrsm;u wjynfvHk;wGif atmifycJG HoGm;ygawmh onf? csefau&Sdwftygt0if
xdyfoD;ulrifwefrsm; xkdif0rfokd@xGufajy;oGm;Ekdifaomfvnf; usaemfwkd@EkdifiHESifh e,fcsif;qufaeonfh ,leefjynfe,frS ppf±H_;ulrifwef
wyfysut f csKd @rmS usaemfw@dk . ta&S@buf e,ferd w d rf sm;ukd jzwfausm+f yD; &Sr;f jynfe,f/ usKd if;wkcH ±kid x
f o
J @dk pwifusL;ausm0f ifa&mufvmygonf?
0ifvmpu tiftm;rSm (800) avmufom[k ,lq&ygonf? aemifrS wjznf;jznf; rsm;vmjcif; jzpfygonf? 1950 Zefe0g&DvwGif
w±kwfjzLrsm;u usdKif;wHkajrmufbuf&Sd rkdif;,ef;+rdK@ukd odrf;ykdufwyfpGJvkdufygonf? rwfvxJwGif usdKif;wkHta&S@ ykdif;okd@ 0ifa&mufvm+yD;
aemufykdif;tdrfaxmifonfrsm;yg vkdufvmygonf?
usdKif;wkHta&S@awmifbuf ‘armif;vif;’rSm tajccs+yD; ta&S@buf rJacgifjrpf(vmtkd-jrefrm e,fpyf)taemufbuf usdKif;wkH -
wmcsDvdwfvrf; awmifbuf/ ,kd;',m; - jrefrme,fpyf/ }wd*He,fajrwGif wyfjzef@+yD; wyfpGaJ exkdifchJ=uygonf?
‚wkd@onf ,leefjynfe,f/ autrfwD (KMT) trSwf(8)wyfrawmfESifh trSwf(26)wyfrawmfwkd@rS wyfºuif;wyf usefrsm;jzpf+yD;
trSwf(8)wyfrawmfukd AkdvfcsKyfvDrDOD;aqmif+yD;/ trSwf(26)ukdrl 'k-AkdvfcsKyfvlukdcsef;u OD;aqmifygonf? wcsdK@ wyfom;rsm;rSm
usdKif;wkH+rdK@wGif;okd@yif wjznf;jznf; ±kyfzsuf+yD; pdrfh0ifvmaeygonf?
Armhwyfrawmfu 1950 ckESpf ZGefvqef;wGif vufeufcs&efokd@r[kwf wkdif;jynfe,fajrrS xGufoGm;&ef w±kwfjzLrsm;ukd &mZoH
ay;vku d yf gonf? w±kwjf zLrsm;u olw@kd uw dk u
dk v
f #if olw@dk ujyefwu
dk zf @dk toif&h adS =umif; wif;wif;rmrm jyef=um;onfh tjyif wcsed w f nf;rSmyif
,kd;',m; - jrefrme,fpyfESifh wmcsDvdwf+rdK@uav;yg wmcsDvdwfvrf; - rkdifwkdif (81) rSpI ‚wkd@u wkd;cs@J odrf;ykdufvkdufygonf?
Armhwyfrawmf (xkdpOfu jynfaxmifpkwyfrsm;[k ac:ygonf?) u usdKif;wkH+rdK@xJ ±kyfzsuf0ifa&mufaeonfh w±kwfjzL (200)
avmufukd zrf;qD;+yD; rdwˆDvm/ rEWav;okd@ykd@ csKyfaESmifxm;vkdufygonf? wmcsDvdwfukdvnf; jyefvnfwkdufckduf odrf;ykdufvkdufEkdifygonf?
okd@aomf 1951 ckESpfwGif w±kwfjzLrsm;onf xkdif0rfESifhtquftoG,f &oGm;um olwkd@. usL;ausmfa&;pDrHudef;ukd pepfwus
jyifqifv_yf&Sm;vmygawmhonf? tar&duefrsm;uvnf; 0ifa&mufukdifwG,f ae=uonf?
1951 ckESpfESpfOD;wGif AkdvfcsKyfvDrD OD;aqmifonfh w±kwfjzLtiftm; (1000-1500)r#onf usdKif;wHkc±kdif taemuf awmifykdif;
8
‘rkid ;f qwf’ +rdK@uav;rSm rkid ;f qwfviG jf yifudk tajcjyK+yD; tajccHpcef;opf zG@J pnf;wnfaxmif=uygonf? aemifwiG f xkd pcef;rSm Armjynfw±kwjf zL
usL;ausmrf _ XmecsKyf}uD; jzpfvmygawmhonf? usKd if;wHak jrmufbuf rkid (f 50)uGm&Sd ‘rdik ;f ,ef;’ +rdK@uav;ESihf usKd if;wHt k a&S@awmif (65) rkid u
f mG &Sd
‘rkid ;f a,mif;’ +rdK@uav;rsm;wGiv f nf; w±kwjf zLppfom; pkaqmif;a&;ESihf ppfavhusiahf &;p cef;rsm; zG@J pnf;wnfaxmifcyhJ gonf? ae&mtES@H tjym;rS
ppfom;rsm;vnf; pkaqmif;=uygonf? xkdif0rf (azmfrkd qm) rS avhusifha&;rª;rsm;vnf; a&muf&Sdvm+yD; ppfoifwef;rsm;ay;um wyfopfrsm;
zG@J pnf;=uygonf? xkid ;f u xkad vhusiahf &;rª;rsm;ESihf ppfypPn;f vufeufc, J rf;rsm;ukd Armjynfe,fpyf ‘yGeyf gusi’f ok@d um;ESiyhf @kd ay;onf? wcsKd @udk
avxD;ESifh csay;onf?
Tokd@jzifh w±kwfjzL. usL;ausmfr_rSm oHvGifjrpfta&S@bufwjcrf;vHk; ysH@ESH@oGm;+yD; ajrmufbufokd@cs@J &m ‘0-e,f’‘ukd;uef@e,f’
‘odEeDM ,f’rsm;txd wk;d cs@J omG ;+yD;/ tiftm;rSmvnf; (4000) cef@ &Sv d mygonf? tcsut f csmusonfh +rdK@uav;rsm;wGiv f nf; tajccH pcef;rsm;
aqmuf+yD; tckid t f rm aexkid v f m=uygonf? xk@d tjyif ArmjynftwGi;f ykid ;f 0if&ef &nf&, G cf suf jzifh oHviG jf rpftaemufbufurf;od@k ul;vmum
Armjynfawmifykdif; u,m;jynfe,fpyf/ u'l;}uD; {&d,mtwGif;xdyif 0ifvm +yD; wyfpGv J kdufygonf? 1951 ckESpf ZlvkdifvxJwGif jzpfygonf?
1951 ckESpf arvxJwGif vDrDonf 0 - e,frSae+yD; w±kwfjynfr}uD;udk aumfvH (2) ck cG+J yD; 0ifwkdfufygonf? tar&duefrsm;u
av,mOfrsm;ESifh &duQmrsm; vkdufcsay;ygonf? okd@aomf w±kwfvGwfajrmufa&; wyfrawmfu wkdufxkwfI jynfrtwGif; rkdif tenf;i,fom
0ifEkdif+yD; (2) ywftwGif; tustqHk;rsm;pGmESifh qkwfcGmvm&ygonf?
Trjzpfpavmuf tiftm;uav;ESifh jynfr}uD;ukd 0ifwkdufonfrSm xl;qef;ojzifh usaemfu olwkd@.&nf&G,fcsufukd pOf;pm;=unfh
&mwGif ppfa&;xuf EkdifiHa&; &nf&G,fcsufjzpfrnf[k ,lq&ygonf? w±kwfjynfwGif; r+idrfrouf jzpfaeonfhoabm/ w±kwftpkd;& w&m;0if
tpdk;& rjzpfEkdifonfhoabm ay:vGifapcsif[ef &Sdonf? xkdtcsdefu ukd;&D;,m;ppfyGv J nf; jzpfaeojzifh jynfr}uD;twGif; usefcho J nfh ulrifwef
vla[mif;rsm; tm;wuf+yD; ykefuefxºuapvkd[efvnf; &Sdonf? TuJhokd@ 0ifwkdufwmukdvnf; t}uD;tus,f wkdufaeovkd 0g'vnf;
jzef@onf? xkd@a=umifh aemufxyf,lqp&m tcsufw&yfrSm tar&duefjynfolrsm;u csefau&Sdwfukd quf+yD;a':vmawG/ tultnDawG
axmufyHhzkd@ tusdK;cHpm;&rnfh tar&dueftcsdK@ESifh csdefau&Sdwfwkd@ yl;aygif;}uH&G,fcsufvnf; jzpf[ef&Sdonf?
ok@d aomf w±kwt f pk;d &wyfrsm;u wku d x f wk vf udk v f @dk / xk@d aemufyidk ;f wGiaf wmh ArmjynftwGi;f ykid ;f uko d m &nf&, G v
f mygawmhonf?
1951 ckESpf tukefwGif w±kwfjzLtiftm; (6000) ajcmufaxmif ausmfvmygonf? vDrDvnf; avhusifha&;vl (700) ac:um xkdif;rSwqifh
xkdif0rfokd@ acwWjyefoGm;ygonf?
1952 ckESpfrSmawmh w±kwfjzLtiftm; tjrifhrm;qHk;txd wkd;csJ@+yD; tvHk;t&if;ESifh oHvGifjrpfukd jzwfausmfum ajrmufbuf
ucsifjynfe,f/ Aef;armf/ jrpf}uD;em;rSpI awmifbuf rGefjynfe,f/ armfv+rdKiftxd xkd;azmufusL;ausmfonfhESpf jzpfygonf? wyfom;opf
pkaqmif;a&;wGifvnf; &Srf;jynfe,f/ ucsifjynfe,fwGif;&Sd w±kwfvlrsdK;rsm;omru/ ,kd;',m;jynf wGif;u w±kwfrsm;udkyg pkaqmif;ygonf?
aemuftiftm;waomif;&Sdvmaomtcg 'D0DZHwyfr (3) wyf topfzGJ@+yD; Twyfrsm;onf oHvGifjrpful;I ArmjynftwGif;ydkif;ukd
0ifa&mufonfh t"duwyfrsm; jzpfvmonf?
ajymufusm; wyfcGu J av;rsm;ukdvnf; oD;oef@zG@J pnf;cJh=uao;onf? xkdwyfrsm;uawmh oHvGifjrpfta&Sykdif;Yom xm;cJhonf?
w±kwjf zLwyftm;vH;k . ppfaoemywdudk Akv d cf sKyfvrD u
D dk xm;+yD;/ wyfz@JG rsm;udak wmh “,leefe,f/ uGejf rLepfqef@usiaf &; -jynfo@l u,fwifa&;
wyfrawmf” [laom trnfESifh zG@J pnf;cJhonf?
1952 ckESpfazazmf0g&DvwGif rkdif;qwfav,mOfuGif;ukd w±kwfjzLrsm;u jyifqifzGifhvSpfvkdufEkdifonfhtwGuf ta&;}uD;onfh
ppfvufeuf/ vl (t&m&Srd sm;)/ ypPn;f tultnDrsm; azmfrq dk m (xkid 0f rf) rS wku d ±f u
dk vf nf;aumif;/ xkid ;f rSwqifv h nf;aumif; o,f,yl @dk aqmif
vmEkdif=uonf? xkdif0rfokd@ acwWjyefoGm;onfh AkdvfcsKyfvDrDvnf; enf;jyq&mrsm; tygt0if oifwef;qif; vltiftm; (700) ESifhtwl
av,mOfrsm;ESifh xkdrkdif;qwfodk@ jyefa&mufvmonf? xkd@aemuf wyftiftm;rsm; pepfwus wkd;cs@J +yD; oifwef;rsm; zGifhvSpfchJonf?
xkdokd@ tiftm;wkd;cs@J +yD;aemuf 1952ckESpf wESpfvHk; ArmjynftwGif;ykdif;okd@ 0ifa&mufa&;udk vsifjrefpGm wkd;cs@J jyKvkyf vm=uonf?
ArmjynfwGif;rS ykefuefxºuaeonfh tpdwftykdif;rsm;ukdvnf; aoG;aqmifpnf;±Hk;Ekdif=uonf? xkdolrsm;rSwqifh twGif;ydkif;okd@ pdrfh0ifvm&m
u&ifolykefrsm;&Sd&m armfcsDrkdif;a'o/ u,m;jynfe,f/ &Srf;jynfe,fpyf&Sd u'l;}uD;a'orsm;txd/ 0ifa&muf tajccsvmEkdfifygawmhonf?
TonfrSm tcsuftcsmusvSaom rEWav;vrf;r}uD;ukd ppfawmif;ta&S@buf awmifwef;rsm;ay:rSaeI pwif+cdrf;ajcmuf&ef
ajcukwf,laejcif; jzpfygonf?
xk@d aemuf w±kwjf zL'D0ZD wH yfwwyfonf =o*kwv f wGif armfcsrD S ‘zmyGe’f ukjd zwfum‘armfv+rdKif’/‘usKd uQr’D c±kid f twGi;f 0ifa&mufum
rGeaf 'o yifv,furf;pyfrsm; (u±ky/d` yi/ aumh'u G )f txd csw D ufwyfpJG cJ=h uygonf? TonfrmS awmifbufppfa=umif;jzpfonf? a&a=umif;jzifh
tultnDrsm; wkd;cs@J ay;ykd@Ekdif&ef jzpfonf?
tv,fykdif;ppfa=umif;rSm 0-e,f/ ‘yef,ef;’wGif tajcjyK+yD; oHvGifjrpftaemufbufurf;ul;um vm±_d;ta&S@awmifbuf&Sd
rk d i f ; ±S L ;a'owG i f ; ok d @ usL;ausmf 0 if a &muf wyf p G J v monf ? awmif } uD ; +rd K @. ta&S @ awmif b uf ‘rk d ; eJ + rd K @’teD ; a'orsm;uk d v nf ;
0ifa&mufvm=uonf? usdKif;wHkc±kdiftwGif;&Sd ‘rkdif;ylatmifvGifjyif’ukd csDwufwyfpG=J uonf? usdKif;wHk - awmif}uD;vrf;r }uD;ukd }uD;us,fpGm
+cdrf;ajcmufvkdufjcif;yif jzpfonf?
Tokd@ 1952 ckESpf wESpfvHk; ArmjynftwGif;ykdif;a&mufatmif wkd;cs@J 0ifa&muf+yD;aemuf 1953 ckESpf wGifrl usaemfwkd@. wyfrsm;ukd
9
ae&mtESH@tjym;rS pwifwkdufckdufygawmhonf? wzufrSm TuJhokd@ pwifwkdufckduf+yD; wzufrSvnf; olwkd@. tiftm;ukd weoFm&Dyifv,f
bufu azmfrkdqm (xkdif0rf) ESifh wkduf±kduf oabFmvrf;zGifh+yD; wkd;cs@J zkd@ }uD;us,fonfh pDrHudef;ESifh }udK;pm;cJhao;onf?
1953 ckESpf qef;v#ifqef;csif; &Srf;jynftv,fykdif;a'owGif tcsuftcsmjzpfaom rkdif;±SL;ESifh ‘rHk;atmh’ukd pwifwkdufckduf
odr;f ykud v
f u
dk =f uonf? 'kw, d ‘vGKd ifaumf’+rdK@udk wku d af omfvnf; tustqH;k rsm;pGmESihf qkwo
f mG ;&onf? ‘rkid ;f yef’+rdK@udk awmh azazmf0g&v D wGif
odrf;ykduf&&SdoGm;onf? w±kwfjzLrsm; (3) &uf=um oddrf;xm;cJh=uonf? wcsdefwnf;rSmvkdyif Armjynf ajrmufykdif;okd@ 0ifa&mufaeonfh
w±kwfjzLwyfrsm;onf w±kwf - jrefrme,fpyf+rdK@rsm;jzpfonfh ‘rlq,f’‘=uLukwf’‘rkdif;,k’+rdK@rsm;ukd w+ydKifeufwnf; 0kdif;wkduf=uonf?
rdkif (280) ausmf&Sdaom awmif}uD; - usdKif;wkHvrf;r}uD;ay:wGifvnf; w±kwfjzLwyfrsm; tawmfv_yf&Sm;um/ wyfpcef;rsm;ukd
0ifa&mufwdkufckduf=uonf?
TuJhokd@ w±kwfjzLrsm; ArmjynfwGif; usL;ausmf0ifa&mufvmr_tay: Armjynfolrsm;u tHkºuqef@usifvmygonf? 1952 -53
ckESpf ygvDref'Drkdua&pDacwf jzpfojzifh owif;pme,fZif; vGwfvyfcGifhrsm;vnf; toifhtwifh &Sdao;ojzifh wkd;wufonfh t,ltq&Sdonfh
pmapmifrsm;/ vuf0pJ mapmifrsm;vnf; xkwfa0vsuf &Sdaeygonf? xkd@a=umifhjynfolrsm; Ekd;=um;ae+yD; xkdtEW&m,fukd ajz&Sif;&ef tpkd;&tm;
wkd;wufawmif;qkdae=uygonf?
xkd@a=umifh zqyv tpkd;&taeESifh w±kwfjzLusL;ausmfr_ukd wkdufxkwf&ef pDpOfpkdif;jyif;&ygawmhonf? 1953 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfrS
ae&mtESH@tjym;ukd tjyif;txef jyefvnfwkdufckduf odrf;,l&ygonf? w±kwfjzLwyfrsm;ukd oHvGifjrpfta&S@buf urf;txd jyefvnf
armif;xkwfEkdifcJhygonf?
awmifykdif;ppfqifa&;wGifvnf; oHawmif -armfcsDvrf;ukd Armhwyfrawmfu jyefodrf;ykdufvkdufygonf? awmifile,f&Sd u&if
olykefrsm;u w±kwfjzLrsm;ukd vufrcHojzifh tawmfoufomoGm;jcif;jzpfygonf? awmifilom &efol@vufusoGm;ygu Armjynf xufykdif;
usdK;ovkd jzpfEkdifayonf?
aemuf awmifykdif;wGif 'kwd,ta&;}uD;onfh ppfqifa&;rSm ‘u±ky`d-yi’yifv,fpyfwGif wyfpGJxm;aom w±kwfjzLwyfrsm;ukd
yifv,fa=umif;rSa&m/ uke;f a=umif;rSyg wku d cf u
dk af rmif;xkw&f jcif;jzpfygonf? Tae&mwGif w±kwjf zLrsm; wyfp&JG onfh ta=umif;. aemufu, G f
wGif tvGe}f uD;rm;onfh pDru H ed ;f &Sad ea=umif; aemufyifdk ;f usrS odvm&ygonf? ‚wk@d . &nf&, G cf surf mS ArmjynfwiG ;f w±kwjf zLwyfrsm;twGuf
wyfopfrsm; wnfaqmufzkd@ vufeufypPnf; wefaygif;rsm;pGm vkdtyf±Hkru wyfrª;wyfom;tygt0if vltiftm;vnf; trsm;tjym;
vkdtyfvsuf&Sd&m xkdvkdor# ypPnf;rsm;ukd oabFmjzifhykd@&ef yifv,furf;pyf vkdtyfygonf? xkdrGefjynfe,f urf;pyfa'orsm;onf a& (6) ay
rS (9) ayausmftxd eufojzifh oabFmrsm; tvG,fwul uyfEkdifygonf? xkd@a=umifh xkda'orS w±kwfjzLrsm;ukd armif;xkwfvkdfufEkdifojzifh
w±kwfjzL. wyfaemufxyfwkd;cs@J a&; tpDtpOfukd tawmfyif tm;enf;oGm;apcJhygonf? xkda'oukd usaemfwkd@wyfrsm; wkdufaepOfrSmyif
azmfrq dk m (xkid 0f rf) rS yxrtokwf oabFmrsm;onf wyfr;ª rsm;/ vufeufypPn;f rsm; o,faqmifum +rdwu f |e;f pko@dk qkud af &mufvma=umif;
aemufyidk ;f od&yg onf? w±kwjf zLrsm;taeESihf ‚wk@d wyfpx JG m;aom yifv,furf;pyfrsm;rS qkwcf mG xGuaf jy;ae&onft h wGuf xko d abFmpkEiS hf
0kdif,mvuf tquftoG,fjywfum qufvuf0ifrvmEkdfifawmhbJ qkwfcGmoGm;=u&ygawmhonf?
1953 ckESpf rwfvwGif w±kwfjzLrsm; tckdiftrmpGJxm;onfh rkdif;wkHESifh rkdif;qwfvGifjyifukd odrf;ykduf&ef&nf&G,fcsuf txl;
ppfqifa&;}uD;w&yf jyKvkyf&ef ajrmufykdif;wGif jyifqifygonf? xkdppfqifa&;rSm “e*g;Ekdifppfqifa&;”yif jzpfonf?
okd@aomf xkdppfqifa&;. yxrtqifhrSmyif jrefrmwyfrsm; vufeufypPnf;a&m/ vltiftm;trsm;tjym;yg usqHk;-qHk;±_H;&+yD;
jyefqkwfcJh&ygawmhonf? w±kwfjzLwyfrsm;u usaemfwkd@wyfrsm; oHvGifjrpfausmfonfukd apmifh=unfhae+yD; oHvGifjrpf ta&S@bufurf;
wav#muf ay (5,000) ausmjf rifo h nfh awmifxw G rf sm;ay:u ,cif *syef0ifpOfu aqmufvyk x f m;onfh cHwyfi,frsm;rS cH+yD;/ usaemfw@dk wyfrsm;
tukefeD;yg; jrpful;vm+yD;rS oHvGifjrpfESifhydwf+yD; t}uD;tus,fwkdufckduf&m usaemfwkd@wyfrsm; vufeuf}uD;tajrmufrsm; xm;cJh&+yD; jrpful;
jyefajy;cJh=u&ygonf?
Tr#ta&;ygonfh ppfqifa&;}uD; usaemfwkd@bufrS ta&;edrfhoGm;&onfhtwGuf w±kwfjzLrsm; ykdrkdtm;wufum acgif;rmpGm
qufvufv_yf&Sm; vmygonf?
xkt d wGi;f rSmyif jynfov l x
l u
k vnf; v_y&f mS ;tHºk uvm+yD; w±kwjf zLtEW&m,f wm;qD;a&;twGuf awmif;qkv d mr_a=umifh zqyv
tpkd;&taeESifh ppfa&;t& ta&;,lr_rsm;tjyif oHcif;wrefcif;tjzpf 1953 ckESpf {+yDvwGif ukvor*~taxGaxG nDvmcH}uD;okd@
ukd,fpm;vS,fv$wf wkdifwrf;&ygawmhonf? oufaocH tvHktavmufESifh wkdif=um;onfhtwGuf EkdifiHtrsm;. axmufcHr_ukd &&SdchyJ gonf?
xkd@a=umifhyif usL;ausmfolwyfrsm; xGufcGmay;&rnfqkdaom qHk;jzwfcsufukd ukvor*~0if EkdifiHaygif; (60) teuf (59) rJ
axmufcHcsufjzifh qHk;jzwfEkdifchJygonf? =um;aerJ ay;cJhaom wOD;wnf;aom EdkifiHrSm w±kwfjzLrsm;yif jzpfygonf?(xkdpOfu ukvor*~wGif
w±kwfjynf. w&m;0if ukd,fpm;vS,frSm w±kwfjzLrsm;yif jzpfaeygao;onf?)
xkdpOfu usL;ausmfol[k qkd&mwGif w±kwfjzL[k emrnfwyfcGifh r&yg?“usL;ausmfol EkdifiHjcm;wyfrsm;”[kom trnfwyf&ygonf?
usL;ausmfol w±kwfjzL[k qkdvkdufv#if w±kwfjzLrsm;ukd ±_wfcszkd@/ ukvor*~rS xkwfypfzkd@rsm;txd ta&;,lckdif;vmr_rsm; jzpfvmEkdifonfukd
umuG,f&eftwGufESifh w±kwfjzLrsm; aemufuG,f&Sd q&m&if; tar&duefrsm; txdyg vkduf±_wfcsvmEkdifr_rsm;ukd umuG,f&efwkd@ twGufyg
jzpfygonf? ArmjynfbuftaeESifhvnf; xGufoGm;+yD;a&m oabmxm; vkdufavsm cJh=u&ygonf?
10
 xkq d ;kH jzwfcsuuf s+yD;aemuf taumiftxnfazmf&eftwGuf jrefrm/ xkid ;f / tar&duef/ w±kwjf zL(4)ekid if H ppfzufaumf r&Siw f ckz@GJ +yD;
aqmif&u G &f ef pDpOf=u&ygonf? xkad qG;aEG;yGrJ sm;ukd 1953 ckEpS /f arv (22) &ufae@rS pwifI jyKvkyaf omfvnf; tcsed q f &JG efom &nf&,
G af =umif;
xif&Sm;vmygonf? aemufqHk; w±kwfjzLukd,fpm;vS,frsm;u qkwfcGma&;ukd vHk;0jiif;y,f vkdufygawmhonf?
jynfolvlxku ukvor*~. qkwfcGmay;&rnf [laomqHk;jzwfcsufa=umifh tHkºur_t&Sdef usoGm;ygonf? rkd;uvnf; usvmyg+yD?
ppfa&;t&vnf; e*g;Ekdfifppfqifa&; ta&;±_H;edrfhr_a=umifh bmrS qufrvkyfEkdif jzpfaeygonf? zqyv tpkd;&taeESifhuvnf; ol.yifukd,f
azmufjyefa&; taetxm;a=umifh jynfolvlxk vHk;0tHkºuvmatmif rvkyf&yJ g? e*g;Ekdifppfqifa&; ±H_;edrfhr_rsm;udk zHk;zdxm;jcif;/ (4) EkdifiH
aumfr&Siftpnf;ta0;rsm;ukd wrifoufouf tcsdefqJG jyKvkyfaejcif; ponfhtcsufrsm;ukd jynfolvlxkukd todray;bJ zHk;zdxm;ygonf?
xktd csed rf mS usaemfw@dk Eidk if H rsuEf mS ti,fq;kH tcsed f jzpfygonf? wcsKd @Eidk if }H uD;rsm;u (txl;ojzifh e,fcs@J Eidk if rH sm;u) “bmukvor*~
wkdif&rSmvJ? ukd,frcHcsif&if ukd,fh[mukd,fwkdufaygh”- [k aigh=uygonf? “w±kwfukd rEkdif&if bmvkd@vGwfvyfa&; ,lao;vJ? u|ef;uav;
wu|ef;ay: wufae=uygvm;”- [kyif ajymifavSmifajymqkdjcif; cHvm=u&ygonf? tvGefem=unf; zG,f&m jzpfchJonf?

ajrmufykdif;wkdif;rª;tjzpf ajymif;&jcif;
1953 ckESpf/ ZlvdkifvtwGif; usaemfhukd w±kwfjzLtEW&m,fukd ckcHwGef;vSef&efwm0efay;+yD; ajrmufykdif;wkdif;rª;tjzpf ajymif;a&$@
cef@xm;vkdufygonf? usaemfvnf; r*Fvm'HkwGif awmifykdif;wkdif;rª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifae&mrS ajrmufykdif;wkdif; ±Hk;pkduf&m ar+rdK@okd@
ajymif;a&$@cJh&ygonf?
xkt d csed u f vrSm ArmhwyfrawmftwGi;f qk&d , S v f pfwyfr;ª rsm; tvGeaf jc±_yvf maom tcsed v f nf; jzpfygonf? w±kwjf zLtEW&m,fudk
ukvor*~widk =f um;&mwGiv f nf; Ekid if jH cm;wyfrsm; ±kyo f rd ;f ay;&rnf[al om qH;k jzwfcsuf csrw S vf u
dk Ef idk f ojzifh w±kwjf zLwyfrsm;ukd tvG,w f ul
armif;xkwEf idk v f rd rhf nf[k xifa,mifrmS ;cJ=h uygonf? xk@d a=umifyh if wyfrawmftwGi;f &Sd qk&d , S vf pfwyfr;ª rsm;u qk&d , S vf pftrmcH wOD;jzpfonfh
Akdvfausmfpkd; (aemif rqvacwf - jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;) ukd yGJxkwfum ppfqifa&;rª;csKyfcef@+yD; e*g;Ekdifppfqifa&;wkdufyGJ qifE$JcJh=uygonf?
xku d mvu ukvor*~u zG@J pnf;ay;cJo h nfh (4) Ekid if H ppfaumfr&Siw f iG vf nf; Akv
d af tmif}uD;u jrefrmEkid if u H , dk pf m;vS,t f zG@J acgi;f aqmiftjzpf
yg0ifaqmif&Gufaeygonf?
e*g;Ekdifppfqifa&; ta&;edrfhoGm;+yD; (4) EkdifiH ppfaumfr&Sif tpnf;ta0;uvnf; wkd;wufr_ bmrSr&Sdvmonfh tcgusrS usaemfhukd
wm0efay;jcif; jzpfygonf?
usaemf ar+rdK@okd@ rdom;pktm;vHk;ygac:I rkd;wGif;}uD;rSm ajymif;a&$@oGm;&ygonf? usaemfhti,fqHk;om; wGwfwGwfrSm (6) v
om;av;om &Sdygao;onf? ol@ukd 1952 ckESpf/ Ekd0ifbmvxJwGif r*Fvm'HkY zGm;jrifjcif;jzpfygonf?
usaemf ar+rdK@a&muf+yD; r=umrDrSmyif befaumuf+rdK@Y usif;yaeonfh (4) EdkdifiH ppfaumfr&Sifu oabmxm;wck &&Sdvmygonf?
tar&duefESifh w±kwfjzLukd,fpm;vS,fwkd@u ArmjynfwGif;&Sd ta&;}uD;aom w±kwfjzLtajccHpcef;vkyfxm;onfh rkdif;qwf/ rkdif;wHk/ rkdif;,ef;/
rkdif;a,mif;wkd@ukd Armhwyfrawmfokd@ v$Jajymif;ay;ygrnf[k qkdvmonf? okd@aomf acgif;rmaom w±kwfjzLtcsdK@vnf; &SdEkdifojzifh wkdufyGJ
tenf;tusOf;vnf; jzpfEkdifonf[k qkdygao;onf?
xkdtcg tpkd;&u txufygae&mrsm;udk 0ifrnf/ r0ifrnf oabmxm;ay;&ef usaemfhukd ar;jref;vmygonf?
rkd;wGif; tv,f}uD;jzpfI tvGefjrifhaom awmifwef;rsm;tay: a&pD;oefaomjrpf - acsmif;rsm; jzwfcsDwuf&rnfh ta&;rSm
rvG,u f vl yS g? wku d yf rJG sm;vnf; jzpfEidk af o;onf[k qkx d m;ao;onf? ok@d aomf usaemfonf wyfr;ª rsm;ESix hf idk f tao;pdwf aqG;aEG;=unfyh gonf?
xkdtcsdefu wyfrSmvnf; e*g;Ekdifppfqifa&; ±_H;edrfhr_a=umifh pdwf"mwfwpHkw&m xdckdufusqif;aeygonf?
usaemfw@dk tao;pdwf wGucf suw f idk yf if+yD;aemuf aEGOwkwiG f }uD;us,pf mG wku d &f onfxuf pmv#if ,ck'u k EQ iS hf wku
d yf u
JG av;rsm;ukd
&ifqidk rf nf? owd/ 0d&, d ESihf pepfwus tqifq h ifh jyifqif+yD; wxpf+yD;wxpf csw D ufv#if tustqH;k enf;pGm ESihf jzpfEidk o f nf[k xifjrif,q l +yD;
usaemfwkd@ csDwufodrf;ykdufrnf[k ta=umif;jyef=um;vkdufygonf?
olwkd@ajymqkdvmonfh &ufcsdef;trD odrf;Ekdifzkd@vnf; wyfawGukd cJ&mcJqpf jyifqif&ygonf? wyfom;rsm; &duQmypPnf;rsm;/
vufeufu&d , d mrsm;/ 0efwifvm;jrif;pojzifh vkt d yfor# pkpnf;jyifqif&ygonf? oHviG jf rpfudk a&pD;toefq;kH tcsed jf zpf onfh 0gqdk - 0gacgiw f iG f
jzwfausmf+yD; rkdif;ykatmifwGif tm;vHk;pk-&yfap&ygonf?
aemufqHk; &ufcsdef;eD;uyf vmpOfrSmyif usaemfwkd@ tapmuwnf;u oHo,&Sdrdonfhtwkdif; trSefjzpfvmygonf? w±kwfjzL
usL;ausmfolrsm;u Armhwyfrsm;ukd olwkd@tajccHpcef;rsm;twGif;odk@ 0ifcGifhray;Ekdif[k ajymifajymifyif jiif;qkdvkdufygawmhonf? tawmfyif
em=unf;cHcufp&m jzpf&ygonf?
‚wkd@ tajccHuyif ±kd;om;r_r&Sdyg? rkd;wGif;usvmatmif tcsdefqx JG m;+yD; olwkd@uef@owfay;onfh &ufcsdef;trD ae&m av; -
ig;ae&mukd z,fay;rnf? 0ifa&mufEkdifv#if 0if,lyg[k qkdvmjcif;jzpfonf? olwkd@ ±kd;om;v#if xGufcGmoGm;ay;±Hkom &Sdonf? rdk;wGif;}uD;
Armwyfrsm; 0ifvm&JrSmr[kwf? 0ifrvmv#if olwkd@wm0efaus+yD[k 0g’jzef@&eftwGufom &nf&G,f&if; jzpf onf? usaemfwkd@bufu
b,fvkdyjJ zpfjzpf 0ifrnf[k qHk;jzwfvkdufawmh olwkd@ tusyf±kdufoGm;+yD; ajymifajymifyif jiif;y,f&jcif; jzpfayonf?
xkd@a=umifh (4) EkdifiHtpnf;ta0;rS jrefrmukd,fpm;vS,ftzG@J EkwfxGufvkdufojzifh xkdaumfr&Sifvnf; ysufoGm;ygawmh onf?
11
 Taemufykdif;wGifvnf; w±kwfjzLrsm; qkwfay;rnf? typftcwf &yfpx J m;yg[k qdkvm+yD; uav;vl}uD; tdrfaxmifonfrsm;ukd
qkwfcGmjcif;/ vufeuftnHhpm;rsm;om ,loGm;jcif;ponfh vkyfief;rsm; vkyf=uygao;onf?
okd@aomf usaemfwkd@ pdwfr0ifpm;awmhyg? w±kwfjzLjy\em ajz&Sif;a&;onf rdrdwkdif;jynftiftm;ay:wGifom &yfwnf&awmhrnf
qkdonfh oifcef;pmukd aumif;pGm&&SdchJ+yD; jzpfygonf?
xkd@a=umifhyif 1953ckESpf/ rkd;Owkukefaomtcg oHvGifjrpftaemufbufurf;&Sd w±kwfjzLwyfrsm;ukd &Sif;vif;wkdfufckdufypf&ygonf?
'DZifbmv ukefwGifawmh oHvGiftaemufbufjcrf;&Sd w±kwfjzLrsm;ukd ta&S@bufurf;odk@ armif;xkwfvkdufEkdifygawmhonf? usaemf
Tpmwrf;ukd a&;aepOfrmS yif vGecf whJ hJ (10) ESpcf ef@u usaemfa&;cJzh ;l onfh “bk&ifah emifppfqifa&;rSww
f rf;” pmwrf;ukd jyef&mS azG awG@&cdS yhJ gonf?
xkdpOfu usaemfowd&oavmuf tawmfjynfhpHkpGm;a&;xm;onfh pmwrf;jzpfojzifh jyef vnfazmfjyvkdufygonf?

bk&ifhaemifppfqifa&;}uD;
(1954ckESpfrwfv1-&ufrS arvukeftxd)
1? aemufcHorkdif;tusOf;
(u) &efo@l aemufco H rkid ;f rSm &eforl mS w±kwjf zL ulrifwefrsm; jzpfonf? 1949ckEpS f w±kwu f eG jf rLepfygwD OD;aqmifrj_ zifh w±kwjf ynfo@l
vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrS ulrifwef csefau&Sdwfwyfrsm;ukd wkdufckduf+yD; w±kwfjynfukd vGwfajrmufap&m/ w±kwfjynftaemufawmifbuf/
,leefjynfe,frS uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&; trmcH *sife&,fvDrDOD;pD;aom w±kwfjzL av;-ig;axmifcef@ onf 1949 ckESpfukef 1950 ckESpfqef;/
usdKif;wkHc±kdifwGif; 0ifvm+yD; rkdif;qwfwGif tajccscho J nf?
‚wkd@ukd tar&duefpD-tkdif-atESifh yl;aygif;+yD; aemufxyf0ifvmolrsm;ESifh w±kwf/ Arm/ xkdif;ponfwkd@rSvnf; xyf+yD;
w±kwfjzLppfom;pk+yD;/ 1951 ckESpfausmfwGif pkpkaygif;tiftm; (12,000) waomif;ESpfaxmifausmftxd wkd;csJ@pnf;±Hk;+yD; yxr w±kwf-
Arme,fpyfrS ArmjynftwGif; oHvGifjrpft=um; ArmjynfwGif;wav#mufrSm tajccH+yD; aemufwzufu w±kwfjynfe,fpyfykdif;ukd
0ifaESmuf,SufwJh ppfqifa&;tao;pm;tcsdK@ vkyf+yD;/ wzufu oHvGif taemufbufausmfum Armjynf twGif;ydkif;odk@ wqifhwkd;0if
usL;ausmfcJhonf? xkdtcsdefupI ArmjynfolvlxkxJwGif ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDu pwifv_H@aqmfonfh e,fcsJ@ESifh w±kwfjzLqef@usifa&;
v_yf&Sm;r_}uD; ay:xGufvmcJhonf?
w±kwfjzLrsm;onf &Srf;jynfe,fomru u,m;jynfe,fukdyg usL;ausmf0ifa&muf+yD; awmifilta&S@ armfcsDrkdif;a'o txd/
u,m;olykefrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;+yD;aemuf/ awmifykdif;rS u&ifESifh rGefolykefrsm;ESifhvnf; qufoG,fum ‚wdk@}uD;pkd;&m (u±ky`d - yi) qkdaom
yifv,furf;pyf &Gm}uD;awG0if/ wyfpGJr_ukd 1952ck ESpfwGif jyKvkyfcJh=uonf? ‚. &nf&G,fcsufrSm aemufxyfArm jynfwGif ulrifwef
w±kwfjzLwyfopfrsm;ukd wkd;cs@J &ef xkdif0rfrS au'grsm;/ vufeufypPnf;cJ,rf;rsm; oabFmESifh wkduf±kdufydk@&ef jzpfonf? ‚ukd 1953 - 54
usrS yk+d yD;&Si;f &Si;f odvm&onf? xkad e&mrS ArmjynfrS bde;f rsm;ukd wku d ±f u
dk Ef idk if jH cm;ok@d xkwEf idk o f jzifh xkid ;f ykvyd u
f wqifh a&mif;ae&wmxuf
ykdjrwfpGef;Ekdifonf? xkd@a=umifh yifv,fvrf;ukdazmuf&ef }udK;pm;jcif; jzpfyHk&onf?
w±kwfjzLusL;ausmfvmonfh &nf&G,fcsufrsm;rSm-
1? e,fpyfrS w±kwfjynfr}uD; tpyf0if+yD; aESmuf,Sufaejcif;jzifh/ w±kwfjynfwGif r+idrf;csrf;ao;[laom ta=umif;jycsufjzifh
ukvor*~u w±kwfjynftodtrSwfjyKa&;ukd tcsdefqx GJ m;+yD; w±kwfuGefjrLepfwkdif;jynftm; qef@usifa&; qufvkyfoGm;&ef?
2? Armtpkd;&ukd vHk;0 tar&duefaemufvdkuf jzpfap&ef?
3? tvm;wl ta&S@awmiftm&S EkdifiHrsm;/ xkdif;tygt0if tjcm;wkdif;i,fjynfi,fawGtay:vnf; +cdfrf;ajcmufv$rf;rkd;+yD;/
tar&duef=oZmcHrsm; jzpfap&ef?
4? vufawG@vkyfae&if;u &vmwJh bdef;ta&mif;t0,f tusdK;tjrwfrsm;uvnf; rufvHk;wvHk;jzpfvm[ef &Sdonf?
5? w±kwjf ynfwiG ;f &Sd uGejf rLepfqef@usiaf &;orm;rsm;/ cseaf u&Sw d af emufvu dk rf sm;twGuv f nf; tar&duefu olw@dk bufuae+yD;
uGejf rLepfw±kwjf ynfudk 0ifwu dk af y;rnfh ar#mv f ifch suuf dk jzpfap+yD;/ w±kwjf ynfwiG ;f qlyv l y_ &f mS ;r_rsm;ukd qufvufjzpfapcsio f nfh oabmvnf;
&Sdonf?
Armtpkd;& (zqyvtpkd;&) taeESifhvnf; vlxktHkºuvmr_a=umifh rv$Jra&Smifom w±kwfjzLudpP ukdifwG,fvm&onf?
ukvor*~rSm wkdifwrf;onfhtwGuf xkdEkdifiHjcm;wyfrsm; qkwfcGmay;a&;ukd w±kwfjzL/ xkdif;/ tar&duefESifh Arm (4) EkdifiH tpnf;ta0;xkdif+yD;
ajz&Sif;&ef qHk;jzwfcJh&onf? 1953ckESpfwGif xkdif;Y xkd (4) EdkifiHtpnf;ta0;rsm; usif;ycJhonf? Adkvfae0if;wkd@u xkdaqG;aEG;r_rsm;t&
w±kwfjzLt"du tiftm;rsm; xGufoGm;vdrfhrnf[k xifcJh=uonf? xkdtcGifhta&;,l+yD; wyfwcsdK@ 0ifa&mufcsDwuf wkdufckdufvkduf&if
vG,fvG,fESifh atmifEdkifrnf[k wGufqcJh=uonf? xkd@a=umifh tpOftvmt&a&m/ tqifhae&mt&a&mausmfum/ olwkd@qkd&S,fvpfygwDrS
wyfr;ª tcsKd @EiS hf 0ifwu dk zf @kd pDpOf=uygonf? wyfwiG ;f &Sad eaom uGejf rLepf,rd ;f olrsm;/ rsKd ;csprf sm;ukad usmI f ae&may;Ekid af tmif pDpOfjcif; jzpfonf?
xkd“e*g;Ekdifppfqifa&;”onf oHvGifjrpfausmf0ifvmaom Armhwyfr[mukd w±kwfjzLwyfrsm;u oHvGifta&S@bufurf;twGif;ykdif;txd
qkwfay;+yD;rS oHvGifESifhn‡yf+yD; jyefwkdufcsvkdufvkd@ xkdwyfr[m ysufoGm;+yD; oHvGiftaemufbufurf;okd@ z±kdz&J jyefqkwfajy;vmcJh&&m
vufeuf}uD;rsm; qHk;±_H;cJh&onf? xkdwkdufyGt J +yD; w±kwfjzLrsm;uvnf; olwkd@rqkwfEkdif[k ajymifjiif;qefvkdufojzifh (4) EkdifiHtpnf;ta0;rS
12
Armukd,fpm;vS,frsm;vnf; t&SufucJG hJ&jyefonf? Armhppfwyfvnf; pdwf"mwfusqif;oGm;awmhonf?
wcsdefwnf;avmufrSmyif awmifykdif;u Armwyfrsm;u (u±ky`d-yi) a'o wyfpx JG m;onfh w±kwfjzLawGukd wkdufxkwfvkdufvkd@
xkdif0rfu aemufwyfr (2) zG@J - zG@J zkd@ vufeuf-ypPnf;-vlrsm;o,fvmonfh oabFmi,f (6) pif;onfvnf; +rdwfu|ef;pkrS vSnfhjyefoGm;&
ygonf?
Armtpkd;&taeESifhuvnf; w±kwfjzLudpP &yfxm;Ir&? quf+yD;wwfEkdifor# ajz&Sif;&efESifh rdrdppfwyf jyefvnfpdwf"mwf
wufºuvmap&eftwGuf xku d pd aP jz&Si;f &ef wyfwiG ;f tpOftvm &So
d nfh uGejf rLepfbuf,rd ;f onfh rsKd ;cspw
f yfr;ª rsm;ukd 1953 ckEpS /f rk;d &moDwiG f
pv$JcJh&ygawmhonf?
xkd@a=umifh 1953-1954umvrsm;wGif Armhwyfrawmfonf oHvGiftaemufbuf&Sd w±kwfjzLrsm;ukd armfcsDrkdif;up+yD;
oHvGifjrpfurf;txd yxr ppfqifa&;ti,fpm;rsm;ESifh &Sif;ypf+yD;/ 1954ckESpf azazmf0g&DvukefupI “bk&ifhaemifppfqifa&;” trnfESifh
oHvGifta&S@ w±kwfjzLXmecsKyfESifh tajccHpcef;}uD;udk wkdufckduf+yD;/ w±kwfjzLrsm;ukd xkdif;e,fpyftxd armif;xkwfEkdifcJh+yD; Armjynfay:
+cdrf;ajcmufaeonfh w±kwfjzLtEW&m,f}uD;ukd z,f&Sm;ypfvkdufEkdifonf?

2? tajccHtajctae tcsuftvufrsm;
(TonfrSm wkdufyw GJ yG/J jy\emw&yfukd qifEa$J jz&Sif;&eftwGuf pDrHudef;wck a&;qG&J ef enf;vrf;rsm; jzpfayonf?)
(u) &nf&G,fcsuf-1? rdrdwkd@. wm0efausyGef&rnf?
2? vufawG@t& aqmif&GufEkdifrnfhabmiftwGif; vkyfaqmifEkdifpGrf; &Sd&rnf?
3? T 2 csufay: rlwnf+yD; &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; jywfjywfom;om; jzpf&rnf?
xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnfhtcsufrsm;
w±kwfjzLaemufwGif tar&duef&Sdjcif;? w±kwfjzLrsm; ausmay;v_yf&Sm;Ekdifonfh xkdif;e,fpyf}uD; &Snfvsm;pGm &Sdaejcif;?
rdrdwyftiftm;vnf; odyfr&Sd? rawmifhwif;? awmifay:wkdufyGJ tawG@t}uHKvnf; r&Sd? aemufu axmufyHha&;vrf; vnf;
&Snfvsm;pGm rvkdufEkdif?
xkd@a=umifh w±kwfjzLrsm;ukd t+yD;tykdif &Sif;vif;ypfzdk@rvG,f?
xkd@a=umifh &nf&G,fcsuf yxrqifhtaejzifh Armjynftay: +cdrf;ajcmufaeonfh w±kwfjzL tEW&m,fukd wGef;vSefz,f &Sm;ypf&ef?
w±kwfjzLrsm;tm; tajccHtm;jzifh ArmjynftwGif;ykdif; xkd;0ifusL;ausmfEkdifrnfh ae&mrsm;uae+yD; ‘xkdif;’e,fpyfokd@ armif;xkwf&ef jzpfonf?
TuJhokd@ rdrd. &nf&G,fcsufukd &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; jywfjywfom;om; od+yD;aemufwGif buf (2) buf (&ef-igESpfbuf) .
xl;jcm;csufrsm;ukd &SmazG&onf?
(c) &efol
tiftm; 1? waomif;ESpaf xmifausm&f +dS yD; oH;k axmifcef@rmS rdr, d ck ppfqifa&;ESihf wku d ±f udk rf usaom awmif}uD;-usKd if;wku H m;vrf;
ajrmufbuf oHvGifta&S@ESifh w±kwfe,fpyft=um;wGif w±kwfe,fpyf aESmuf,Sufa&;ESifh bdef;udpPvkyfief; rsm;vkyfae=uonf?
2? 9,000cef@rSm xkdvrf;. awmifbuf/ ArmjynftwGif;ykdif; usL;ausmfa&;vkyfief;ESifh bdef;udpPvkyfief;rsm;vkyf&efjzpfonf?
3? xkd&efol@tiftm; 9,000 . tcdkiftrm wyfjzef@yHkrSm (1) yxrav,mOfuGif;&SdwhJ rkdif;qwfwGif tajccHXmecsKyf xm;&mu
twGi;f ykid ;f ykrd v
dk y_ &f mS ;Ekid zf @dk EiS hf (rdifk ;f qwfvnf; emrnf}uD;vmojzif)h xdik ;f e,fpyfteD; yGeyf gusiaf 'ood@k 1952 ckEpS f ukeaf vmufwiG f XmecsKyfudk
ajymif;xm;cJhonf? (2) rkdif;qwfa'owGifrl uif;pcef;om zGifhxm;+yD; umuG,fxm;onf? (3) t"d u a&S@wef;XmecsKyf - rkdif;wHkwGifxm;+yD;/
t"du tckdiftrm cHppfae&mukd rkdif;wHka'oESifh oHvGifjrpft=um; rkdif;wHkrS (10) uDvkdr# uGmwJh ay 5,000 cef@pDjrifhwhJ awmifukef; (3) ck-
zkcd akH vmufqidk w f iG f cHuwkw}f uD; (3) ck wnfaqmufxm;+yD; tckid t f rm cHxm;onf? rkid ;f wHrk S oHviG u f ;l wk@d qyd f ‘0rfqvm’txd (6) ayus,f
‘vm;vrf;’u/ xkdawmif (3) vHk;ukd jzwfoGm;onf? (rnfolrqkd rkdif;wkH/ rkdif;[ef/ yGefygusif ajrjyef@ukd v$rf;rkd;vkdoltzkd@/ ‚awmif (3) vHk;
ukv d nf;aumif;/ ‚oHviG -f rkid ;f wHv k rf;ukv
d nf;aumif; odrd ;f xm;Ekid rf S a&&Snvf r$ ;f rk;d Ekid rf nf jzpfonf?) (4) &efo@l a&S@zsm; cHppfrmS oHviG u f ;l wk@d /
0rfqvmESihf ‚0ef;usiw f iG f wyfpx JG m;onf? ,if;rSm oHviG t f aemufbufurf;rS &dumQ pk&efjzpfonf? tjcm;ae&mrsm;rSm (5) rkid ;f ykvw kH iG v
f nf;
pcef;cGw J ck? (6) ‚aemuf ykd ta&S@bufusaom xkdif;e,fpyf-wmcsDvdwf-rJqkdifa'owGif pcef;cG}J uD;wck &Sdonf? (7) &efol. aoe*FAsL[m
t&H wyftiftm; (3,000) oHk;axmifcef@ukd rkdif;[ef/ yGefygusifa'owGif csxm;onf? (8) enf;y&d,m,f t&Hwyftiftm; (1,000)
waxmifcef@ukd rkdif;ykvHkESifh txufygawmif (3) vHk;ESifh rkdif;wHkt=um;wGif csxm;onf?
4? &efolwyfrª;csKyf? ? AkdvfcsKyfvDrD rusef;rrmjzpfvmI wyfrª;topf wif&onf? xkdwyfrª;topfrSm xkdif0rf&Sd
t}uD;tuJ wOD;.om;jzpf+yD; i,fpOfuwnf;u tar&duef&Sd tu,f'rD Adkvfoifwef;upI wyfrtqifhtxd oifwef;aygif; (8) ckavmuf
wufchJ&ol? ppftawG@t}uHK vHk;0eD;yg; r&Sdol? txufv$mrsm;. vl,Hk? vlvwfykdif;t&G,f? AkdvfcsKyfwOD; jzpfonf?
5? &efolwkd@. ppfynmtqifh? ? wyf&if;txuf wyfrª; tawmfrsm;rsm; tawG@t}uHK toifhtwifhr#om &Sdonf?
Akv
d cf sKyftqifrh sm;rSm wyfr;ª a[mif;rsm;jzpf+yD; tawG@t}uHK tawmftoifh &So d nf? ok@d aomf Akv d cf sKyfvrD aD vmuf pdw"f mwfa&m tawG@t}uHKyg
&So d rl sm; r[kw=f uyg? wyfom;rsm;rSm rlvwyfom;a[mif;rSm oH;k yHw k yHak usmf cef@om&S+d yD; ppftawG@ t}uKH toift h wifh &S=d uaom ppfrx _ rf;rsm;
13
jzpfonf? usefwyfom; trsm;pkrSm a'otvkduf pkaqmif;xm;aom wyfom;opfrsm; jzpfae=uonf?
6? &efol@pdwf"mwf? ? (u) Armjynfolwkd@. wcJeuf tHkºuqef@usifr_? (c) w±kwfjynfwGif; w±kwfuGefjrLepf tpkd;&tay:
vGwfajrmufcgp vlxk. axmufcHwufºuaer_? (*) olwyg;wkdif;jynftay: rw&m; usL;ausmf0ifae&r_? (C) rdrdwkd@. tem*wf ra&r&m
jzpfvmr_ - ponfw@dk a=umifh w±kwjf zLwyfom;rsm;t=um; pdw"f mwfwjznf;jznf; usqif;vmae=uonf? &efot l xuf wyfr;ª }uD;trsm;pkrmS rl
bddef;rS&&Sdonfh tusdK;tjrwfa=umifhvnf;aumif;/ Armhwyfukd txifao;o jzifhvnf;aumif; pdwf"mwf tawmftoifh ckdifrmaeyHk&onf?
okd@aomf urBmhtajctae wpHkw&majymif;vJvmr_u olwkd@pdwf"mwfukd xdckdufvmapygonf? ‚wkd@.q&m tar&dueftzkd@
'kwd,urBmppf+yD;ump tEkjrLAHk;ukdifI AkdvfvkyfEkdifcJhaomfvnf; aemufykdif;qdkAD,uf,leD,Huvnf; tEkjrLAHk;&SdvmcJhonf? xkd@jyif
tar&duefwkd@tzkd@ ukd;&D;,m;ppfwGif w±kwfjynftay: xifovkd rv$rf;rkd;EkdifbJ aphpyfajy+idrf;vkduf&ojzifh xkdukd;&D;,m;ppf}uD;ukd rdrdwkd@
tem*wfESifh ,SOfwGx J m;cJhaom w±kwfjzLAkdvfcsKyfrsm; pdwf"mwf xdckdufoGm;cJh=uyHk &ygonf?
7? &efol@vufeuf? ? (1) w±kwf±kdifz,f trsm;pk jzpfonf? (2) ‚wkd@onf wyfrawmftqifhtxd zG@J xm;aomfvnf;
vufeuf}uD;rsm;rSm wyf&if;oHk;vufeuf}uD;rsm;om jzpfonf? 60 rr armfwmESifh usaemfwkd@ wyf&if;oHk; 3 vufr armfwmESifh tvm;wl
armfwmrsm;om &Sdonf? ‚armfwmrsm;yifv#if usnfrsm;rsm; roHk;Ekdif? w±kwfjynfrS xGufajy;vm&olrsm; jzpfojzifh vufeuf}uD;rsm;
o,frvmEkdif? tar&duefrS 'kwd,urBmppf}uD;t+yD; xkwfvkyfaom awmwGif;oHk; vufeuftcsdK@ &Sdaomfvnf; ay:vGifoGm;rSmpkd;I
xkwfroHk;&Jay? rkdif;vnf; r&Sday?
*? rdrdtajctae? ? tpkd;&wyftajctae
tiftm;? ?(1) ajcvsifwyf&if; (4) &if;ESifh t&Hwyfrsm;
- aoewfukdifwyf&if; (1) æwyf&if;rª;-'kAkdvfrª;}uD; wifOD; (,ckNLD)
- aoewfukdifwyf&if;(2)æwyf&if;rª;-'kAdkvfrª;}uD;jr0if; (uG,fvGef)
- aoewfukdifwyf&if; (5) æwyf&if;rª;-'kAkdvfrª;}uD;armifvGif (,ckNLD)
- csif;wyf&if; (3) æwyf&if;rª;-Akdvfrª;a&m'&pf
- ajcvsifwyf&if;rsm;rS wyfcGJ (2) cGJ
- ucsifwyf&if;(4)rS wyfcJG (2) cGJ
(2) rdrdvufeuftiftm;
- 25 aygif'g tajrmufwyfcGJ (1) cGæ J tajrmuf (8) vuf
- 6 aygif'g wifhum;ypftajrmuf (2) vuf
- 76rr ,l*kdpvyfawmifay:ypftajrmuf (2) vuf (ppfwkdufcgeD;rS rar#mfvifhbJ uyfI&onf)
- avwyf ('kwd,urBmppfrS tusefrsm;)
- qD;zkdif;,m; (ac:) 'Hk;usnfypfwkdufav,mOf (9) pD;
- o,f,lykd@aqmifa&;ESifh &duQmcs&ef 'gukdwm (3) pif; (xkdpOfu &[wf,mOfrsm; r&Sdao;yg)
xkd@a=umifh wkdufckdufa&; tiftm;aygif;rSm * vltiftm; 6,000 (ajcmufaxmif)
! o,f,la&;twGufvm; 1 , 000 (waxmif)
! txrf;orm; 3,000 (oHk;axmif)
! 6 aygif'gtajrmufESifh usnfo,f&ef qif (25) pD;wkd@ jzpfygonf?
(3) rdrdwkd@. ppfa&;tawG@t}uHK æ (1) rdrdwyfrsm; EkdifiHjcm;&efolESifh t}uD;tus,f ppfqifwdu k fckdufaom
tawG@t}uHK r&Sd? txl;ojzifh tajrmuf/ av,mOf/ vufeuf}uD;rsm;ESifh [efcsufnDnmpGm wGw J kdufonfh tavhtx r&SdchJ? (2) rdrdwyfrsm;
awmifay:wkdufyGJ tawG@t}uHK vHk;0r&Sdoavmufjzpf&m ,ck wkduf&rSmu ay (3,000) rS ay (7,000) tjrifh t=um; wkduf&rSm jzpfonf?
(3) rdrdwyfrsm;rSm jynfwGif;rSmvnf; wyfjzef@+yD; wm0ef,lvmcJh&o jzifh avhusifha&;vnf; aumif;aumif;rvkyfEkdif=u?
(4) rdrdwkd@.pdwf"mwf? ? e*g;Ekdifppfqifa&; ±_H;xm;ojzifh pdwfenf;enf; av;ae=uonf? okd@aomfvlxk.
a&S@wef;okd@ axmufcHtm;ay;r_/ ppfqifa&;twGuf jyifqif&mwGif bufpHkr_ pwmawGa=umifh aemufydkif; tm;wufvm=uonf?
TuJhokd@ buf2 buf. tajctaersm;ukd wGufcsuf+yD;aomtcg tjcm;xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnfh tcsufrSm;rSm æ
C? ajrtajctae
1? ay (3,000) ESifh ay (7,000) t=um; awmifay:a'owGif ppfqifa&; vkyf&rSm jzpfonf?
2? rdrdwyftaeESifh &efolESif@wkdufzkd@a&S@rSm oHvGifjrpf}uD;u umpD;xm;onf?
3? Armjynfrukd w±kwfjzLrsm; usL;ausmfEdkif&ef taumif;qHk; tajccH&efa'orSm rkdif;wkH/ rkdif;[ef/ yGefygusif ajrjyef@a'o jzpfonf?
Tae&mrSaeI w±kwjf ynfe,fpyfudk taESmuft,Suaf y;Ekid o f nf? ‚wk@d . aemufct H m;ay;wkid ;f jynf ‘xdik ;f ’e,fpyfEiS v
hf nf; eD;onfah e&m
jzpfojzifh ‚wkd@. bdef;vkyfief;vnf; tqifajy? axmufyHha&;ESifh &duQmudpPyg acsmarmEkdifonf@ae&mvnf; jzpfayonf?
4? ‚a'oukd xk;d ppf0if&ef taumif;qH;k vrf;rSm oHviG t f aemufbufurf;&Sd rkid ;f yef+rdK@rS um;vrf;=urf; wpdww f ykid ;f &Sx
d m;aom
14
oHvGifta&S@urf; 0rfqvmul;wkd@qdyf? ‚rS wqifh rkdif;wHkokd@ (6) ay us,fvm;vrf; twkdif;jzpfonf?
5? rdkif;ykvHkESifh rsufESmcsif;qkdif oHvGiftaemufbufurf;txd um;oGm;Ekdif&ef vrf;ukdtenf;i,fjyKjyif±HkESifh &&SdEkdifonf?
6? rkdif;ysOf;rS rkdif;ykatmifokd@ aEGOwk um;vrf;&Sd+yD; xkdrSwqifh rkdif;qwfokd@ vm;vrf;jzifhcsDwufEkdfifonf?
i? &moDOwk? ? ppfwkdufrnfhtcsdefrSm aEGOwk jzpfojzifh taEG;xnfrvkd? ayghayghyg;yg; csDwufEkdifonf? okd@aomf arv 20
aemufykdif;/ rGefqGef;0if rkdf;p&GmEkdifojzifh wkdufyjJG refjref r+yD;ygu awmifay:wGif qufwkduf&ef cJ,Of;onf?
p? tcsdefESifh tuGmta0;? ? ppfqifa&;tcsdefrSm rwfv (1) &ufae@rS pygu arvv,ftxd tcsdefESpfvcGJ &rnf?
xkdumvtwGif; rdrdwkd@ &nfrSef;csufxajrmufavmufatmif ppfqifa&;vkyfcsdef vHkavmufonf[k ,lqonf? odrf;ykdufoifhaoma'orSm
w±kwfjzLrsm; ArmjynftwGif;ydkif;odk@ xkd;0ifusL;ausmf aESmuf,SufEkdifrnfh tajccHa'otjzpf vkyfEkdifonfha'o rkdif;wHk/ rkdif;[ef/ yGefygusif
ajrjyef@ESifh aemufwqifh rkdif;qwfyg&u ykdvHk+cHKrnf?
q? EkdifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ usef;rma&;ponfhwdkufyGEJ Sifh t}uHK;0ifrnfh tcsuftvufrsm;æ
1 - urBmhtajctae-txufwGif tcsdK@tcsufrsm; azmfjy+yD;jzpfonf? tar&duef taeESifh ukd;&D;,m;ppf ta&;edrfh+yD;uwnf;u
=oZmusvmonf? txl;ojzifh tm&SwGif tm&Sjynfoltrsm;pku tar&duefrkef;wD;r_/ qef@usifr_'Da& pwifjrifhwufvmaeaom umv
jzpfonf? urBmppfvkdvm;wJh tm;xuf/ +idrf;csrf;a&;tm;u v$rf;rdkd;vmaewJhumv jzpfonf? xdktwGif; zqyv tpdk;&u w±kwfjzL
usL;ausmfr_ukd ukvor*~ukd wkdifvdkufojzifh tar&duef tusyftwnf; awG@ae&onf?
2 - ArmjynfwGif;wGifvnf; ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. pwifv_H@aqmfr_a=umifhvnf;aumif;/ ajray:vuf0yJ gwDrsm;. v_yf&Sm;r_
(Oyrm-q&m}uD;ocifudk,fawmfr_dif;. urBmh+idrf;csrf;a&;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;) rsm;a=umifh Armjynfolrsm;t=um; tar&duefESifh aemufvkduf
w±kwfjzLqef@usifa&;v_dif;rsm; }uD;xGm;vm&m/ Ttajctaersm;a=umifh ppfwdkuf&rnfh tpdk;&ppfwyftaeESifhvnf; pdwf"mwfjrifhwufap
cJhygonf?
3 - zqyvtpkd;&xJrS tar&duefbuf,drf;onfh *dk%f;u w±kwfjzLusL;ausmfr_ukd rwkdufvkdaomfvnf; t*Fvdyfbuf
,drf;onfh*dk%f;u tawmftoifhwkdufvkdonf? okd@aomf olwkd@vnf; wu,ftaotaus rwkdufb/J w±kwfjzLudpP +yD;oGm;ap vkdonf?
ta=umif;rSm tar&duef. rsurf mef&jS cif;ukv d nf; rcHcsi/f w±kwjf zLESihf ppfwu dk &f v#if jynfwiG ;f ppfwu dk rf nfh tiftm;awG avsmeh nf;oGm;Edik +f yD;
uGefjrLepfrsm;ukd racsr_ef;EkdifrSmvnf; pkd;&drfpdwfwkd@a=umifh jzpfayonf?
4 - pD;yGm;a&;? zqyvtpkd;&taeESifh pyg;aps;aumif;&aeojzifh jynfawmfomacwfvkd@yif aºu;a=umfaeaomtcsdef jzpf&m
TppfyrJG sKd ;ukd wku
d Ef idk af tmif b¾ma&;tajctae awmifw h if;onf? vlxpk ;D yGm;a&; usyw f nf;r_ odyrf jyif;ao;onfh umvvnf; jzpfaeonf?
ok@d &mwGif w±kwjf zLwk@d bufwiG f wyfr;ª trsm;tjym;rS bde;f vkyif ef;t&omawG@omG ;+yDjzpfI ‚wk@d . uk, d u
f sKd ;pD;yGm;ESihf tar&duef. Ekdiif aH &;
qEN xyfwlusaeI TppfyGJ jrefjref+yD;jywfvdrfhrnf[k rar#mfvifhEkdif?
5 - &Srf;jynfvlxkrSm w±kwfjzLwyfrsm;. zdESdyfr_trsdK;rsdK;a=umifh w±kwfjzLudk qef@usifaomfvnf;/ apmfbGm;tcsdK@url
w±kwfjzLaemufwGif tar&duefygaeojzifh tm;udk;tm;xm;pdwfESifh zdwfac:r_rsm; &Sdaeonf?
6 - ArmjynfwiG ;f &Sd vufeufuidk f ykeu f efaeol vlrsKd ;pktzG@J tpnf;tcsKd @uvnf; rdrw d @kd twGuf tultnD&vk&d jim;pdwjf zifh yl;aygi;f
qufqHr_rsm; &Sd=uonf?
3? ESpfbuf. tm;omcsuf/ tm;enf;csuf rsm;ukd oHk;oyfjcif;
(u) ESpfbuftiftm;? ? tiftm;wGif &efolu rdrdwkd@xufomonf? okd@aomf&efol taeESifh wyfukdae&m trsm;tjym;rSm
jzef@cGcJ s&yfxm;&ojzihfvnf;aumif;/ rdrdwdk@ xkd;rnfhbuf pkroGm;apbJ qufjyef@aeatmif [efjyvkyfief;rsm;ESifh xdef;csKyfxm;Ekdifygu rdrdwkd@
bufu wyef;omEdkifonf? rxdef;csKyfEkdifygu tcuftcJ }uD;rm;Ekdifonf? tu,fI &efolu rdrdwkd@wkdfufrnfhbuf rodbJ ,ckvkd cGjJ zef@
xm;&v#if rdrw d @dk u &So d r#tiftm;ukd tvH;k t&if;ESihf &efot l m;enf;onfh t"du ae&mukd xk;d azmufygu xkpd pfrsuEf mS wGif tm;omEkid o f nf?
t"du &efol@wyfrsm; ,cktwkdif;jyef@aeatmif vkyf&efESifh &efol. aoe*FAsL[m t&HwyfESifh enf;y&d,m,ft&Hwyfrsm;ukd vkd&mroHk;EkdifbJ
aomifwifatmifvkyf&ef ta&;}uD;onf? xkdokd@vkyfEkdifygu rdrdwkd@u xkd;azmufppfupm;Ekdifonfh tm;omonfh tajctae a&mufEkdifonf?
(c) &efow l yfr;ª csKyfta=umif; od&csut f & rdrw d @dk tm;omEkid o
f nf? xkw d yfr;ª csKyfudk a&G;cs,&f mwGif tawG@t}uHK t &nftcsi;f xuf
yk*~dKvfa&; ,Hk=unfr_tay: tajccHI a&G;cs,fcef@xm;jcif;jzpfojzifh xkdtawG@t}uHKr&Sdonfh wyfrª;tay: rdrdwkd@u tjrwfxkwf ppfupm;I
ppfqifa&;rsm; vkyfoGm;Ekdifonf? TonfrSm rdrdwkd@twGuf tcGifhomcsuf}uD;wck jzpfonf?
(*) &efoal tmufajc wyfr;ª trsm;pkrmS vnf; ppfa&;tawG@t}uHK a,bk,s tm;enf;olrsm; jzpfonf? rdrw d @dk ppfy&d ,m,fupm;r_
aumif;v#if rdrdwkd@upm;&mukd ygvmEkdifonf? rdrdwkd@ zdzdpD;pD; vkyf}uHv#if &efolpdwf"mwfusvG,frnf? TonfrSmvnf; &efol.
tm;enf;csufw&yfjzpfonf?
(C) &efolwkd@. pdwf"mwfwGif pkd;&drfa=umifhusr_ wck&Sdonf? ‚wkd@onf w±kwfjynfr}uD;wGif w±kwfjynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;
wyfrawmfom;rsm; (w±kwu f eG jf rLepfwyfrsm;) ESihf wku
d cf &hJ mwGif av;bufav;wef0idk ;f +yD; aemufEiS v hf nf; tqufjzwfum 0dik ;f 0ef;acsre_ ;f r_udk
cHch&J I 'grsdK;ukd tvGefa=umufonf? txl;ojzifh olwyg;EkdifiHwGif TuJhokd@0kdif;+yD; acsr_ef;cH&rSmukd tvGefa=umuf&GH@yHk &onf? xkd@a=umifh
rdrdwkd@u Tenf;udkoHk;EkdifoHk;/ roHk;Ekdifv#ifvnf; 0kdif;ywfjzwfawmufrnfh[ef +cdrf;ajcmufv#if tjrefqkwfajy;zkd@ pdwfapmrnf? pdwf"mwf
15
tjrefusqif; ,drf;,kdifEkdifonf?
(i ) pdwf"mwft& rdrdwkd@wyfu w&m;wJhppfyGJ qifE$&J ojzifh bufpHku omonf? EkdifiHwumuvnf; tar&duefukd ±_wfcsae?
jynfwGif;jynfolvlxkuvnf; rdrdwkd@udk axmufcHtm;ay;aeojzifh rdrdwkd@wyfrsm; wufºuonf?
(p) awmifay:wkdufyGJtawG@t}uHKtaeESifhrl &efoluomI ykdIvnf; tyifyef;cHEkdifonf? okd@aomfppfyGJrSm ESpfv cGJomjzpfI
rdrdwkd@odyfryifyef;Ekdif? (xkd@twGuf jyifqifonfhtaeESifh rdrdwyfom;rsm;ukd ae@pOfa&Al;xJwGif qm;enf;enf; cyfaomuf ap&rnf? a&&Sm;/
a&jywfygu av,mOfrS a&pnfrsm;/ a&cJwkH;rsm; csay;&efvnf; pDpOf&onf? awmwGif; a&&Ekdifonfh tyifrsm; (Oyrm-0g;yif) ukd ckwfI
a&cH&efvnf; oif=um;ay;&onf?)
(q) ppfynmwGifrl ESpfbuf - wOD;ESifhwOD; odyfrxl;jcm;? okd@&mwGif rdrdwkd@wyfrsm;taeESifh tajrmuf/ av,mOfwkd@jzifh wGzJ uf
wkdufckdufonfhtawG@t}uHK r&Sd? xkd@a=umifh ppfrwkdufrD pk&yfwGif 3 ywfr# &SdaepOf avhusifhay;cJh&onf?
(Z) okd@&mwGif pk&yfwGif wyfrsm;pka0; a&muf&Sd+yD;aemuf usef;rma&;ppfaq;aomtcg rdrdwyfrsm;onf ay (3,000) ausmf
awmifwef;rsm;ay:wGif ppfqifa&;vkyfEkdifavmufatmif usef;rma&;tqifhrrDa=umif; q&m0efrsm;u ajymvm=uI tpnf;ta0;ac:um
3 ywftwGif; usef;rma&;aumif;vm&ef enf;vrf;rsm;&Sm=u&m txl;&duQmE_ef; xkwfay;jcif;? wae@-ae@ tcsdef tenf;qHk; (4) em&Dr#
em;csdeftdyfcsdefay;jcif;wkd@ vkyf&efjzpfonf? txl;&duQmwGif aepOftom;ESifht&ufenf;enf;yg ay;au|;arG;onf? avhusifha&;rsm;udkvnf;
odyyf ifyifyef;yef; rvkyaf pbJ/ use;f rmolrsm;uko d m erlemjyap+yD;/ trsm;pkudk vku d =f unfh ckid ;f ±Ho k m =unfch idk ;f onf/ ok@d jzift
h csed rf t
D oifjh zpfatmif
vkyf&onf? Tusef;rma&; tajctae tajccHtm;jzifh awmifay: wkdufyJG a&&SnfrqifEkdif? TonfrSm rdrdwdk@. tm;enf;csufjzpfonf?
(ps) vufeufwiG f rdrw d @dk bufrS tajrmufEiS hf ava=umif;wGif &efox l uf ta&;omaeonf? ok@d &mwGif oHviG t f a&S@ bufurf;wGif
um;vrf;razmuf&ao;I tajrmufrsm; o,fEkdifrnfr[kwfI t"du ava=umif;om tm;udk;&rnfjzpf&m uwkwfwkdufyGrJ sm;wGif t}udwf
te,fwkdufzkd@ tvGefcufrnf? xkd@a=umifh qifjzifho,f,lEkdifaom wifhum;ypf (6) aygif'g 2 vuf/ av,mOf (9) pD;jzifhom wkduf&ayrnf?
&eforl mS tawG@t}uHKenf;olrsm;jzpfojzifh Tr#aom vufeuf}uD;rsm;jzifyh if wku d cf u
dk xf ;dk azmufEidk pf &m &So d nf? aemuf &efo@l xw H iG v f nf;
vufeuf}uD;r&SdbJ wyf&if;vufeuf (3) vufr armfwmrsdK;ukdyif usnf rsm;rsm;roHk;EkdifI rdrdwkd@tajrmuf2 vufukd &efoluwkwfem;
wkduf±kdufuyf+yD; ypfEkdifrnf? rDwm 600 ESifh 1,000 =um;xd ,loGm;+yD; wkduf±kdufypfEkdifrnfjzpfI odyfrqdk;vSyg? aemufqHk;wyfxGufcgeD;
,l*kdpvyf 76 rrawmifay:ypf tajrmuf 2 vufxyf&ojzifh tawmftoifh tm;&Sdvmonf?
(n) ajrtajctae
1-&efol@bufu tajccH tm;vHk;eD;yg; ta&;omaeonf?
2-yxr a&pD;oefvaS om oHviG jf rpf}uD; umxm;onf? ok@d &mwGif &eforl mS wzufurf;wav#mufv;kH wyfjzef@xm;Ekid jf cif;r&So d jzifh
&efolr&Sdonfh ae&mokd@ ul;+yD;rS tcsuftcsm ul;wkd@qdyfESifh urf;yg;wkd@Yom wyfpGx J m;onfh &efolukd wkdufEkdifonf? jrpfa=umifh ppft&Sdef
rxdcu fdk &f atmif "mwfqyD yD gy;kH rsm;jzifh yJch sw d w f yfxm;aom ul;wk@d azmifuav;rsm;pGmvnf; zefw;D +yD; vlEiS yhf pPn;f rsm; ul;&onf? tcufq;kH rSm
vufeuf}uD;o,f&ef qiftwGuf azmif}uD;vkyf&wm jzpfonf? Tenf;rsm;jzifh obm0 t&Htwm;jzpfaeaom oHvGif. twm;tqD;ukd
tm;aysmhoGm;atmif vkyf&onf?
3 - awmifay:wkdufyGJ wkduf&rnfjzpfI rdrdwkd@u wyef;±_H;aeaomfvnf; xkdtm;enf;csufukd jyefaxrdEkdifatmif um;vrf;rsm;ukd
wwfEkdifor# awmufav#mufazmufoGm;&ef &efjzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh wkdufuGufa&G;&mwGifvnf; um;vrf;tvG,f azmufEkdifrnfh ae&mukd
OD;pm;ay;a&G;cs,f&onf?
4 - ajrtajctaet& rdrdwkd@wyfbufrS tm;omcsuf}uD;wckrSm w±kwfjzLwkd@u ‚wkd@. XmecsKyfukd rkdif;[ef - yGefygusifbuf
ajymif;+yD; wyfpGJxm;ojzifh xkdae&mukd 0ifodrf;&ef vrf;rsm;yGifhoGm;jcif; jzpfonf? xkdae&mukd0if&ef wvrf;rSm rkdif;yef - 0rfqvmrS
rkdif;wHkvrf;(xkdvrf;rSm um;vrf;jzpf+yD; tawmfaumif;onf?) aemufwvrf;rSm rkdif;yefrS ta&S@wnfhwnfh oHvGifausmf+yD; rkdif;[ef -
yGeyf gusib f ufo@dk wku d ±f u
dk 0f ifEidk of nfv h rf; (Tvrf;onf yxrvrf;xuf ydek ;D onf? ajrmufbufrmS wyfpx JG m;onfh w±kwjf zLwyfrsm;ESiv hf nf;
a0;aeI &efoltm;enf;onf?) xkd@a=umifh w±kwfjzLXmecsKyfukd wkduf±kdufxkd;Edkifonf? xkdvrf;ukdoHk;v#if rdrdwkd@wyf.tm;enf;csufrSm
axmufyHha&;vrf;zGifh&ef cufcJjcif;yif jzpfonf? xkd@a=umif rdrdwkd@ ppfqifa&;pOf;pm;&mwGif Tonfukd t"dutcsuftjzpf ,lq&rnf?
okd@aomfrdrdwkd@wyf. &duQmaxmufyHhr_ukd ava=umif;rS csay;EdkifpGrf;&Sdojzifh rdrdwkd@. tm;omcsufw&yf jzpfvmayonf?
4? rdrw
d @dk u vkyEf idk rf nfeh nf;vrf;rsm;? ‚tay: &efow l @dk u wH@k jyefEidk cf suEf iS hf aemufq;kH rdrw d @dk vyk &f ef enf;vrf; rsm; oH;k oyfcsu?f
(u) bk&ifhaemif ppfqifa&;. &nf&G,fcsufrSm - w±kwfjzLrsm; Armjynfrukd r+cdrf;ajcmufrv$rf;rkd;Ekdif&ef? 1954/ arv 15 &uf
rwkdifrD (1) t"du rkdif;wHk-rkdif;[ef-yGefygusif ajrjyef@uGif;ESifh (2) aemuf rkdif;qwfESifh rkdif;qwfuGif;ukdyg odrf;ykdufEkdif&ef owfrSwfxm;onf?
(c) txufyg &nf&G,fcsuf atmifjrif&ef rdrdwkd@bufu vkyfEkdifrnfh enf;vrf;rsm;-
1-txufyg a'oESpfckokd@ csDwufEkdifrnfh vrf;a=umif; t"du (4) vrf; &Sdonf?
yxrvrf; æ rkdif;jyif;-rkdif;ykatmifrS rkdif;qwfokd@ aemufrS rkdif;wHkuGif;?
'kwd,vrf;æoHvGifjrpful;+yD;/ rkdif;ykvHkukdodrf;+yD; ‚rSwqifh rkdif;qwfokd@r[kwf rkdif;wHkbufokd@ wqifhpDodrf;&ef?
wwd,vrf;æ0rfqvmul;wkd@rS rkdif;wHkukd odrf;/ ‚uGif;jyifudkodrf;+yD;aemuf rkdif;qwfuGif;qufodrf;&ef?
16
 pwkwˆvrf;ærkdif;yefrS ta&S@oHvGifbufcsDjzwf+yD;/ wkduf±kdufrkdif;[ef-yGefygusifwkd@ukd wkdufodrf;&ef? aemufrS rkdif;qwfuGif;
qufodrf;&ef?
2-txufyg vrf; (4) ckwGif E_dif;,SOfcsuft& vufawG@ykdI tcGifhomaom vrf;rSm wwd,ESifh pwkwˆ (2) vrf; jzpfonf?
yxrESifh 'kwd,vrf;rSm rdrd&nfrSef;csufukd t"du wkduf±kdufra&mufbJ vufawG@vnf; rsm;pGmcufEkdif?
3-wwd,ESifh pwkwˆ ESpfvrf;teuf wkduf±kdufvrf;jzpfaom pwkwˆvrf;onf pdwful;t& pdwf0ifpm;zG,fjzpfaomfvnf; rkdif;yefrS
oHvGiftxd um;vrf;vHk;0r&Sd? wzefoHvGifurf;rS rkdif;[efokd@vnf; vm;vrf;yif aumif;aumif;r&Sd? vrf;wGifvnf;aumif;/ rkdif;[ef-
yGefygusifuGif;wGifvnf;aumif; &efolu tckdiftrm ae&mpGJ cHppf}uD;qifcJhaomf vufeuf}uD;rsm;o,f&ef cuffcJ? qufoG,fa&;vrf;/
axmufyHha&;vrf;zGifh&efvnf; cufcJayonf? xkd@a=umifh wwd,vrf;ukd pOf;pm;&mwGif rkdif;yefrS 0rfqvmt=um; xuf0ufausmfrSm
um;vrf;&Sd+yD;jzpfI tenf;i,f qufazmufv#if oHvGifurf;okd@ a&mufEkdifonf? aemuf0rfqvmrS rkdif;wHktxd (6) ayus,f vm;vrf;}uD;
&Sdojzifh ay:wmtvkyform; (3,000) jzifh a'gh*spfoGm;um;vrf; azmufygu tvGefqHk; wywftwGif; aEGum;vrf; aygufEkdifonf? tu,fI
&efolu (rdrdwkd@ tpkd;&drfqHk;jzpfaom) vrf;ckvwfrSvnf;aumif;/ rkdif;wHkuGif;rSvnf;aumif; ae&mpGJcHuwkwf tqifhqifh ppfyGJESifhckcHv#if
aemufq;kH aemufyidk ;f csex f m;rnfh (25) aygi'f g tajrmuf}uD;rsm;udk um;vrf;twkifd ;f qGcJ svmEkid +f yD; ypfcwfrr_ ;D tm; }uD;}uD;jzifh wku d cf u dk Ef idk o f nf?
cJ,rf;±ky0f wˆK rsm;vnf; tvG,w f ul o,f,El idk o f nf? xk@d jyif &efou l (aemufwenf;) rdrad emufyidk ;f ukd 0kid ;f ywf/ xk;d okwaf csre_ ;f ppfqifv#if
rdrdwkd@u um;vrf;0ef±kd;wav#muf tckdiftrm tqifhqifh wyfpGx J m;jcif;jzifh ,if;okd@wkdufckdufrSmukdvnf; umuG,fEkdfifonf? aemuf rkdif;wHk
tpyftxd um;vrf;ayguf+yD;u/ ‚rS yGefygusiftxduGif;udk &Sif;&efvkdtyfygu aemufykdif;u oHcsyfumum;rsm;yif um;vrf;twkdif;
qGJwifEkdifrnf? xkdokd@qkdygu xkduGif;ukd vHk;0v$rf;rkd;Ekdifrnf? xkd@a=umifh xkdwwd,vrf;ukd rdrdwkd@. t"duA[kdppfa=umif; 0ifxkd;&ef
owfrw S vf udk o
f nf? xkv d rf;. aemufxyftm;aumif;csuw f &yfrmS um;vrf;ayguEf idk o f jzifh aemufquf+yD; axmufyahH &;vrf;a=umif; zGiu hf m
a&S@wkdufyrGJ sm;ukd qufwkdufEkdif/ xdef;xm;Ekdifayonf?
4-pwkwˆvrf;rSm &efol@bufu=unfhv#if pkd;&drfzG,f&m}uD; jzpfaeojzifh/ ‚ukdtoHk;cs ppfupm;v#if tusdK;&SdEkdifrnf? tu,fI
rdrdwkd@u xkdvrf;u wkdufrnfh[ef/ [efjyvkyfEkdifv#if ‚wkd@. wyfrª;csKyfrSm tawG@t}uHK r&Sdolvnf;jzpfI/ ta&;&Sdu rdrdukd,frdrd
umuG,af &;om pdwaf pmrnfjzpf&m ol@vufxu J aoe*FAsL[m t&Hwyfudk t"du ppfrsuEf mS rkid ;f wHo k @dk ryk@d awmhbJ xk[ d efjyppfa=umif;uko d m
umuG,f&ef vkyfayrnf? ‚rSm &efolwyfrª;tm;enf;csufESifh ajrtajctaet& rdrdbufu wyef;omr_tay:vnf;aumif;/ rdrdwkd@bufu
ava=umif;o,f,yl @dk aqmifr_ ta&;omr_tay:wGiv f nf;aumif;rD;S I rdrw d @dk u tjrwfxw k jf cif; jzpfonf? TuJo h @kd aom awmifay:ppfyw JG iG f
&efoal oe*FAsL[m t&Hwyfudk ab;wae&m a&mufatmif vnf;aumif;/ ab;wGiaf omifwifomG ;atmifvnf;aumif; vkyEf idk v f #if ppfyw JG 0uf
Ekdif+yD jzpfonf?
5-xkd[efjy ppfa=umif;vkyfjcif;jzifh aemufxyf&Ekdifonfh tusdK;aus;Zl;rSm (t"duxkd;ppfbuf) rkdif;wHkrS &efolrsm;tzkd@ ‚wkd@ukd
aemufujzwf0idk ;f awmhrnf ok@d r[kwf ‚wk@d XmecsKyfudk wku d ±f udk wf udk af wmhrnf[k +cdr;f ajcmuf&m a&mufojzif/h ‚wk@d ta=umufq;kH t0dik ;f cH
acsr_ef;cH&rSmukd a=umuf&G@H+yD; pdwf"mwfysufjym;apEkdifjcif;yif jzpfonf? TonfrSm t"du xkd;ppf rkdif;wHkppfrsufESmwGif rdrdwkd@bufu rsm;pGm
ta&;omr_ukd &apEkdifonf?
6-tu,fI &efolu ol. aoe*FAsL[m wpdwfwykdif;ukd rkdif;wHkppfrsufESmbufokd@ ykd@+yD; xkdae&mwGif a&&Snfajruwkwfppfjzifh
cHv#ifvnf; xkd[efjyppfa=umif;u rkdif;wHkESifh rkdif;[eft=um; 0rfrcJ ifukd 0ifodrf;+yD; &efolqufoG,fa&;vrf;a=umif;udk jzwfum awmifbuf
uaeI rkdif;wHkukd +cdrf;ajcmufEkdifonf? okd@r[kwf &efol@XmecsKyfukdyif qufvuf+cdrf;ajcmufa&; vkyfEkdifonf? okd@aomf &efol@wyfrª;.
xl;jcm;csuft& ol@t&Hwyfukd ta0;rv$wf&b J J teD;u&efolukdbJ &ifqkdifckdif;zkd@ rsm;onf? T enf;jzifh t&Hwyf}uD; aomifwifEkdifonf?
(*) okd@jzifh rdrdwkd@ taeESifh yxrtqifhtjzpf ta&;}uD;aom qHk;jzwfcsufESpfcsufukd csvkdufEkdifayonf?
1-rdrdwkd@ t"duxkd;rnfh ppfvrf;a=umif;rSm wwd,vrf;-0rfqvmrS rkdif;wHkvrf;a=umif;ukda&G;cs,fvkduf+yD;-
2-pwkwv ˆ rf;jzpfonfh rkid ;f [ef-yGeyf gusib f ufx;dk rnfh [efjyppfa=umif;wa=umif;udk c&D;wkx d ;dk azmufenf;jzifh xk;d oGi;f +cfrd ;f ajcmuf+yD;
t"dutm;jzifh &efol@aoe*FAsL[m t&Hwyfukd xdef;csKyf&ef qHk;jzwfvkdufonf?
(C) xkd@jyif wjcm;ppfa=umif;/ ppfrsufESmrsm;rS &efolrsm;ukd enf;rsdK;pHkjzifh qGx J m;&ef [efjy+cdrf;ajcmufr_rsm;/ xdxdrdrd vkyf&efvnf;
qHk;jzwf=uonf? tckdiftrm vkyfief;rsm;rSm-
1-rkdif;qwfokd@csDwufrnfh [efjzifh rkdif;ykatmifwGif av,mOfuGif;i,fwck wnfaqmufjcif;?
2- rkdif;ykvHkukd xdk;rnfh[efjzifh oHvGiful;wkd@qdyfoGm;&m taemufbufum;vrf;ukd jyifqifjcif;/ ul;wkd@qdyfukd wkdufrnfh[ef (25)
aygif'g (2) vufqGo J Gm;+yD; taemufbufurf;rS wkdif;xGma&; rD;ckd;AHk;rsm;jzifh ypfprf;=unfhjcif;? Tenf;jzifh xkda'o&Sd &efolenf;y&d,m,f
t&Hwyfukd qGx J m;Ekdifvkdufonf?
3-xk@d jyif wmcsv D w d f ppfrsuEf mS rS &eforl sm;ukd xde;f csKyf&eftwGuf rkid ;f jzwfwiG f =um;jzwfaxmufyahH &; pcef;yHpk H wJi,frsm; xk;d apjcif;/
wmcsDvdwfbuf wkdufrnfhowif; 0g'jzef@jcif;?
4-rkdif;ykatmifrS rkdif;qwfukd csDwufwkdufrnfh[ef/ rdrdwyfcsDwufpOf av,mOfrSvrf;wav#muf &duQmcsay;onfhtoGif
&duQmtwkrsm;ukd csay;oGm;apjcif; ponfwkd@jzpfayonf?
17
 (i) rdrdwkd@ t"duxkd;rnfh 0rfqvm-rkdif;wHkvrf;a=umif;wGif/ tv,fwGif&Sdaeaom ay (5,000) ausmfjrifh awmifurl (3) vHk;rS
ajruwkwfcHppfukd &efoluvkyfrnfh tEW&m,fESifh tvm;wl tjcm;ae&m tqifhqifhwGifvnf; TuJhokd@aom cHppfrsdK;ukd vkyfrnfhtEW&m,f
&Sdaeygonf? xkdtEW&m,frsm;tm; avsmhoGm;ap&eftwGuf rdrdwkd@}udKwifjyifqif&rnfh vkyfief;rsm;rSm-
1-0rfqvmwkdufyGJwGif (25)aygif'g tajrmuf}uD; (8)vufESifh wyf&if;armfwm(3)vufr(8)vufavmufESifh jrpftaemuf
rsufESmcsif;qkdifawmifwef;ay:u vkdwmxufykd+yD; zdypfapjcif;jzifh &efoltvGefxdwfvef@oGm;+yD;aemuf tqifhqifh cHppfxkd;a&; aumif;pGm
rvkyf&aJ tmif pDrH&rnf?
2-tvm;wl 0rfqvm awmifbufuyfaewJh urf;yg;wae&m (&efol. awmifurl (3) vHk;ae&mukd xdk;0ifEkdifonfh urf;yg;ae&m)
rS (6)aygif'gtajrmuf(2)vuf/ (3)vufrarmfwm(2)vufjzifh &efol@uif;wyfpdwfrsm;ukd jyif;jyif;xefxef ypfcwf&ef (wu,fawmh
Tvufeuf}uD;rsm;udk oHvGifjrpfta&S@bufurf;okd@ o,faqmif&efrSm rvG,fulyg? xkd@a=umifh yxrtqifh wkdufyrJG sm;wGif taemufbuf
urf;uaeI tpGrf;ukefypfjyvdkufjcif; jzpfygonf?)
3-rdrd. avwyfukdawmh 'kwd,tqifh awmifurl (3)vHk; ukdxkd;rnfh (,š2)ae@usrS ta&S@bufurf;yg;u vmrnfh vufeuf}uD;
tenf;i,fEiS hf aygi;f pyf+yD; xk;d zd@k &nf&, G x f m;ygonf? yxrqif(h ,)ae@wiG rf l avwyf. wm0efrmS rkid ;f wHEk iS hf rkid ;f [eft=um;&efo@l aoe*FAsL[m
t&Hwyfv_yf&Sm;r_ukd umuG,fzdxm;&ef? w}udrfv#if av,mOf(2)pif;(3)pif;jzifh wae@ywfvHk; zdESdyfxm;&ef qHk;jzwfxm;onf?
Tonfwkd@rSm &efol@cHppf tqifhqifhcHrnfh tEW&m,fukd }udKwifI ajz&Sif;xm;onfh enf;emjzpfonf?
(p) [efjyppfa=umif;twGuf tpDtpOf
1-rkdif;[ef-yGefygusif XmecsKyf(&efol@)bufukd wkduf±kdufxkd;rnfh[ef +cdrf;ajcmuf xkd;0ifrnfhc&D;wkd xkd;azmufa&;twGuf
rdrdwyftiftm; w&if;r#om oHk;Edkifrnfjzpfonf?
2-tckdiftrmt& yxrtqifhwGif rkdif;wHkbufwGif wkdufyGJ}uD;rsm;jzpfygu ulnDEkdif&efyg oifhavsmfrnfhae&mjzpfaom rkdif;[ef
taemufajrmuf/ rkid ;f wH-k rkid ;f [eft=um;vrf;tv,f&/dS 0rfrcJ if&mG pcef;. taemufawmifbuf&dS awmifuek ;f wckudk xkx d ;dk azmufa&;wyfu
ajcukwfpcef;tjzpf xlaxmifvkduf&ef?
3-‚ukd t"duwyf 0rfqvm pwkdufwh(J ,)ae@/ eHeufwcsdefwnf;avmuf wufodrf;+yD;/ rdrd. w&if;ukd &efolu wyfr[mwck
tiftm;xifrSwfap&ef twGuf vSnfhzsm;&ef?
4-vSnfhzsm;&efenf;vrf;rsm;rSm-
t"du xdkae@eHeufqD;ESif;uGJcsdefrSpI rdrd&Ekdifor# avwyfrS 'gukdwmo,f,lykd@aqmifa&; av,mOfrsm;ESifh t&yfbufrS
iSm;&rf;&&So
d r# 'guw kd mav,mOfrsm;jzifh ‚awmifxyd af y:ok@d vkt d yfrnfh &dumQ / cJ,rf;rsm;umuG,af &; uwkww f ;l &ef ypPn;f rsm; tqufrjywf
csay;ae&ef? okd@jzifh &efolu xkdav,mOfysHrsm;udk =unfh&if; xkdbufwyfpx JG m;aom wyf&if;ukd wyfr[m wwyftjzpf ,lqEkdif+yD; ‚wkd@.
A[kdXmecsKyfukd wkduf&ef ajcukwfpcef;}uD;wnfaqmufaeonf[k xifjrifap+yD; t&Hwyfrsm;ukd a&S@okd@rykd@awmhbJ rdrdukd,fukd umuG,fa&;
twGuf toHk;jyKap&ef?
5-okd@jzifh &efol@t&Hwyfrsm;ukd xdef;csKyfEkdifap±Hkr#ru 0rfqvm-rkdif;wHkppfrsufESm&Sd a&S@wef;&efol@ wyfom;rsm;t=um;vnf;
rdrdwkd@wyfu aemufuvSnfh0kdif;+yD; acsr_ef;rnftxifjzifh pdwf"mwfacsmufcsm; apEkdifygonf? &efol A[kdXmecsKyfwyfrsm;uvnf; rdrdwkd@.
t"duxkd;ppfonf ‚wkd@&Sd&m rkdif;[ef-yGefygusifudkom wkduf±kduf0ifvdrfhrnf[k xifaecJh+yD; aoe*FAsL[m t&Hwyfrsm;ukd A[kdumuG,fa&;
twGufom udkfifxm;vdkdufrSm jzpfonf?
(q) 0rfqvm-rkdif;wHkt=um; ay(5,000)ausmf jrifhaomawmif(3)vHk;rS &efolu t}uD;tus,fckcHrnfh cHppfuwkwfrsm;
ajz&Sif;&efenf;emrsm;-
1-&efol@aoe*FAsL[m t&Hwyf(3,000)ukd rkdif;wHkppfrsufESmbuf roHk;Ekdifatmif txuf(p)wGif azmfjycJhonfh enf;rsm;ukd oHk;I
xdef;csKyf&ef?
2-&efol@enf;y&d,m,f t&Hwyfukdvnf; [efjyv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;ESifh xdef;csKyf&ef?
3-oHvGif ta&S@bufwGif ajruwkwfppfyJG qifE$&J v#if rdrdwkd@bufrS rD;tm;tvGefaumif;rGef xda&mufzkd@vkd&m rdrdwkd@ rD;tm;.
t"dujzpfEkdifaom (25)aygif'g tajrmuf}uD;rsm;rSm oHvGifta&S@um;vrf;r&Sdojzifh qGrJ ,lEkdifI (6)aygif'g(2)vuf/ (76rr)awmifay:ypf
tajrmuf(2)vuf(pDru H ed ;f qGpJ Ofur&ao;)rdrad vwyf/ wku d af v,mOf(9)pif;ESihf ajcvsiw f yf&if;ykid f (3)vufr armfwmrsm;om &S&d m tawmfyif
tm;enf;vSonf? Tr#EiS hf wku d cf u
dk Ef idk zf @dk &m raocsmvSay? xk@d a=umifh &efou l ajruwkwpf pfyJG vkyEf idk rf nfh pdw"f mwfuadk csmufcsm;aeap&ef/
‚(25)aygif'g tajrmuf}uD;rsm; rD;tm;jzifh wkdufEkdifrnfh wkdufuGufjzpfonf@ ‘0rfqvm’ul;wkd@qdyfwkdufyGJwGif ‚tajrmuf}uD;rsm;ukd
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dk v
f #if tawG@t}uHKenf;aom &efo@l pw d "f mwft&
a&S@wGifvnf; Tvkdyif twkdufcH&rnf[kxifum a=umufvef@+yD; pGpJ +GJ rJ+rJ rckcH&aJ tmif pDpOfonf?(txuftrSwf(i)ukdvnf; =unfhyg?)
4-xkd ‘0rfqvm’ull;wkd@qdyfwkdufyt GJ wGif; tajrmuftm; zdoHk;+yD; xkdt&Sdefukd tjrwfxkwfum awmif(3)vHk;ukd yxr tqifh
pDpOf&efrSm ‘0rfqvm’wkdufcsdefavmufwGif ‚awmif(3)vHk;ukd wkduf&efwm0efusxm;aom wyf&if;u xkdawmif (3)vHk;teuf
tcsuftcsmawmifukef;. ajc&if;wGif ykef;v#dK;ae+yD; 0rfqvmwkdufyGrJ S ajy;vmaom &efolrsm; xkdawmifay: ajy;wufv#if(xkdawmifrSm
18
oHvGiftaemufawmifa=umwGif wifxm;aom tajrmufrsm;&Sdae&mrS ukduf(1,300)ausmfom &Sdojzifh (25)aygif'g-,rf;jyif;ESifh ypfygu
rDonf? tajrmuf(8)vufu (2)rdepfr# ypf=unfh&rnf? (,rf;jyif;ESifh =um=umypfu tajrmuf odyfemonf?) xkd@aemufawmifajcu ykef;v#dK;
aeonfh rdrdwyfu wufI vHSpGyfxkd;&rnf? &efoltzdk@ a&S@ujyefajy;vmaom olrsm;. z±kdz&J a=umufpdwfESifh acgif;ay:usa&mufaeonfh
usnfqHt&Sdefwkd@a=umifh acsmufcsm;vef@zsyfaepOf rdrdwkd@u vSHpGyfwuf xkd;ygu xkdpcef;uwkwfukd tvG,fwul&Ekdif odrf;ykdufEkdifonf?
xkdtcsuftcsm awmif;ukef;&+yD;aomf usefawmifukef;(2)vHk; ukd qufwkdufoGm;&rnf?
5-tu,fI xkdenf;jzifh r&ygu oHk;&ef 'kwd,enf;vrf;rSm 0rfqvmwkduf+yD;aemuf (2)&uf(,š2)wGif rdrdrlv pDpOfxm;aom
(6)aygi'f g(2)vuf/ (76rr-2vuf)/ oHcsyu f m b&if;*ef;(4)vuf/ wyf&if;(3)vufr armfwmrsm;ESihf avwyfrS av,mOf (9)pD;wk@d jzifh wku d &f ef?
xkdwkdufyGJwGif rdrdwkd@ avwyfpGrf;tm;ukd t"duxm;&rnfjzpfI &efol}udK+yD; tawG@t}uHK r&Sdjzpfaeap&ef ‘0rfqvmyGJ’wGif avwyfukd
xnfhroHk;bJ tajrmufukdom zdoHk;&ef jzpfayonf?
6-Tenf;jzifv h nf; r&ygu/ oH;k &ef wwd,enf;vrf;rSm ‘0rfqvmwku d yf ’JG +yD;v#i+f yD;jcif;/ um;vrf;azmuf+yD; (2)&uf (3)&uftwGi;f
(25)aygi'f g tajrmuf}uD;rsm; qGv J m+yD; urf;rS(3-4)rkid t f uGmae&maumif;rS avwyfyg-tyg/ zdtm; tm;vH;k aygi;f +yD;/ tykid w f u dk &f efjzpfonf?
xk@d a=umif‘h 0rfqvmyG’J +yD;v#if +yD;jcif;/ 0rfqvm-rkid ;f wHb k ufcsucf si;f um;vrf;azmuf&ef? rkid ;f yefrS 0rfqvmul;wk@d qyd x f d um;vrf;ukv d nf;
(,-ae@) rSpI tjrefoHvGifjrpfxdazmufvkyf&ef pDpOf&ygonf?
7-ppfqifa&; yxrqif-h tykid ;f (1) 0rfqvmESihf tykid ;f (2) awmif(3)vH;k ukd &+yD;aomf &efou l dk touf±LS ayguf ray;bJ rkid ;f wHt k xd
quf+yD;vku d w f udk f odr;f &ef? w+ydKifwnf;rSmyif 0rfqvm-rkid ;f wHv k rf;ukd ay:wmtvkyo f rm;(3,000) tm; ESihf tjrefazmuf&ef? rkid ;f [efbuf
c&D;wkdxkd;azmufwyfu ‘0rffrcJ if’pcef;&Gmukd odrf;&ef?
8-ppfqifa&;'kwd,tqifh-rkdif;wHkodrf;&ef?
rkdif;wHk t0ifawmifukef;rsm;u &efolu cHppfxkd;zdk@vkyfaomf/ oHvGif ta&S@bufurf;ukd ygvmaom rdrdwkd@. vufeuf}uD;rsm;
tjyif avwyfyg yl;wGw J kduf&ef? xkdenf;ESif@rS r&aomf rkdif;wHkrS 4-5 rkdifuGmtxd vrf;azmufI (25)aygif'g tajrmuf}uD;rsm; qGv J m+yD;
zdtm;pkaygif;wkduf&ef?
rdkif;wHk&+yD; vrf;vnf;azmufoGm;+yD;ygu Tppfqifa&;}uD;. xuf0ufausmf atmifjrif+yDjzpfonf? TwGif ta&;}uD;vSaom
rkid ;f wH-k rkid ;f [ef-yGeyf gusiu f iG ;f jyif0rS ;f ukd rdrwd @dk v$r;f rk;d Ekid +f yDjzpfonf? rkid ;f wH&k +yD;ygu rdrw d @dk t"du wyftaeESihf rkid ;f [efc&D;ukd xk;d azmufwyfw@dk
‘0rfrcJ if’wGif aygif;pnf;=u&ef jzpfygonf?
9-ppfqifa&; wwd,tqifh-(a) rkdif;[ef-yGefygusifukd t&ifqufwkdufrvm;? (b) rkdif;qwfukd t&ifwkdufrvm;? rkdif;wHk&+yD;rS
&efol@tajctae=unfhI qHk;jzwf&efjzpfonf? tu,fI &efolu ajruwkwfppfyGJ acgif;rmrmESifh qufqifE$Jrnfqkdygu rdrdwkd@.
&nfreS ;f csujf zpfaom Armjynfrtay: w±kwjf zLusL;ausmv f r$ ;f rk;d Ekid rf nfh tajccHa'o jzpfaom rkid ;f [ef-yGeyf gusiu f dk t&ifwu dk &f ef? ok@d r[kwf
&efolpdwf"mwf +ydKuGaJ ev#ifawmh rkdif;qwfukd t&ifwkduf+yD;rS rkdif;[ef-yGefygusifukd wkduf&ef jzpfonf? ta=umif;rSm rkdif;qwfonf rdrdwkd@.
&nf&, G cf suEf iS hf wku d ±f u
kd f t"du rusvaS omfvnf; urBmESihf Armjynforl sm; t=um; *,uf±u dk cf wfr_ tvGe}f uD;rm;Ekid If wa=umif;/ a&&Snf
w±kwjf zL tiftm;}uD;a&;twGuf tajccHa'o ray;&ma&muf ojzifw h a=umif;/ rkid ;f qwfudk t&iford ;f &ef pOf;pm;jcif; jzpfygonf? TonfrmS
&efol@pdwf"mwf xdckdufae+yDjzpfI tvG,fwul odrf;Ekdifrnfjzpfaoma=umifh pOf;pm;jcif;jzpfonf? okd@aomf &efolu acgif;rmrmeJ@cHaomf
rkdif;qwfrSm tawmfcufcrJ nf? rkdif;[ef-yGefygusifrSmrl zrf;&efvufvSrf;rDaom iSufjzpfae+yDjzpfI odyfrcufcv J Sawmh? xkd@a=umifh rkdif;[ef-
yGefygusif wkdufa&; vG,fulrnfxifv#if rkdif;qwfukd t&ifwkduf+yD;rS rkdif;[ef-yGefygusifukd wkdufoifh ayonf?
Tonfwkd@rSm rdrdwkd@u vkyfEdkifrnfhvrf;rsm;/ ‚tay: &efolu wkH@jyefEkdifcsufESifh aemufqHk; rdrdwkd@ vkyf&efenf;vrf; rsm;ukd
oHk;oyfxm;csufrsm; jzpfygonf?

5? ppfqifa&;}uD;. trnfukd a&G;cs,fjcif;

Tppfqifa&;}uD;ukd usaemfu “bk&ifah emif ppfqifa&;”[k trnfay;cJyh gonf? ta=umif;rSm-Tppfqifa&;}uD;udk t"dutm;jzifh
“xdidk ;f -jrefrm”e,fpyfwiG f wku d =f u&rnfjzpfonf? xkid ;f ESihf jrefrmvlrsKd ;wk@d rmS twdwo
f rkid ;f uvnf; ppfwu
dk f cJ}h u&ojzifh vlrsKd ;ESprf sKd ;t=um;
tcktcHrsm; &SdcJh=uonf? xkd@a=umifh xkdif;wkd@taeESifh e,fpyfwGif wkdufae&aom usaemfwkd@tay: pkd;&drfaomupdwf r&SdbJ/ wkdufyGJwGif
vHk;0=um;ae&ef usaemfwkd@u vkdvm;ygonf? xkdif;-jrefrmvlrsdK;ESpfrdsK;t=um; em;vnf &if;ESD;a&; vkdtyfygonf?
xkid ;f trsKd ;om;rsm;t=um;wGif urBmay:Y olw@dk pjH ytjzpf =unfnKd av;pm;aom yk*Kd~ vf}uD;(4)OD; &So d nf[k od&yg onf? ‚wk@d rmS -
(1) urBmausmf jyifopfppfbk&if eydkvD,H
(2) tar&dueforRw}uD; vifuGef;
(3) jrefrmbk&if bk&ifhaemif
(4) olwkd@. &Sifbk&ifwyg;æwkd@jzpf=uygonf?
jrefrmbk&if bk&ifhaemifrSm ppfa&;xl;c|ef+yD; ‘,kd;',m;’ukd ppfEkdif+yD; odrf;ykduftkyfcsKyfaomtcg ,kd;',m;jynfolrsm; tay:
rsm;pGmav;pm; =uifempGmESifh tkyfcsKyfchJonf? ±kdif;pkdif;jcif; r&SdbJ ,Ofaus;cJhonf[k qkdonf? xkd@a=umifh ,kd;',m; (xkdif;) wkd@u bk&ifhaemifukd
19
av;pm;=unfndKcJh=u+yD; ‚wkd@. pHjyyk*~dKvfwOD; tjzpf owfrSwfchjJ cif;jzpfonf?
xkd@a=umifh ,kd;',m; (xkdif;) wkd@u ‘bk&ifhaemif’[laomtrnfukd =um;v#if jrefrmtay: rkef;wD;r_/ r,HkouFmjzpfr_rsm;
oufomapEkdifojzifh Ttrnfukd usaemfay;vkdfufjcif; jzpfygonf?

6? usaemfwkd@. qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;
usaemfwkd@onf pDrHudef;(rnfonfhpDrHudef;rqkd) wckukda&;qGEJ kdifa&;twGuf txufwGif azmfjycJhonfhtwkdif; tqifhqifh oHk;oyf
tuJjzwf&ayrnf? ‚wk@d xw J iG f yxrtm;jzifh tcsut f vuf owif;rsm; jynfph /kH euf±id_ ;f / rSeu
f ef wdusz@dk vdk onf? (TtwGuf owif;&SmazG/
axmufvSrf;a&;ESifh ‚tay:rSefuefpGm oHk;oyfwnf;jzwfEkdifr_rsm;onf tvGefta&;}uD;ayonf?) Tenf;jzifh tcsuftvufrsm; pkHvifpGm
&&Sd+yD;v#if bufESpfbuf vkyfEkdifcsufrsm;ukd wGufcsuf+yD; rdrdwkd@taeESifh rnfonfukd vkyfEkdifonf? vkyfoifhonfwkd@ukd a0zefykdif;jcm;&rnf?
‚wkd@+yD;v#if qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;csum pDrHudef;xGufvmEkdifayonf?
xkd@a=umifh usaemfwkd@taeESifh txufwGifazmfjycJhonfhtwkdif; tqifhqifh bufpHkoHk;oyf+yD;aemuf qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ukd atmufyg
twkdif; csrSwfchaJ yonf?
(u) ppfqifa&; pwifrnfh (,)ae@udk (rk;d &moDrusrD vkycf iG phf &onf)h rwfv(1)&ufae@ pwif+yD;/ ppfqifa&;udk arv(15)&ufrwkid rf D
+yD;pD;ap&ef?
(c) ppfqifa&; &nf&G,fcsuf - w±kwfjzLwyfrsm; Armjynfay:0ifa&muf usL;ausmfEkdifrnfh tajccHa'ojzpfaom rkdif;wHk-rkdif;yef-
yGefygusif uGif;jyif0Srf;a'oESifh rkdif;qwfa'owkd@ukd wkdufckdufodrf;ykduf&ef?
(*) t"du xkd;ppf - ppfa=umif;ukd rkdif;yefrS 0rfqvm - rkdif;wHkvrf;ukd a&G;cs,f&ef (‚ukd txl;v#dK@0Suf vkyfaqmif&ef)
(C) &efol@t&Hwyfrsm;ukd xdef;csKyf&efESifh t"duxkd;ppfukd ulnDEkdif&ef rkdif;[efbufodk@ (,) ae@ w+ydKifwnf;c&D;ukd xkd;azmufa&;
wyfwwyf apv$wfI [efjy+cdrf;ajcmuf&ef?
(i) tjcm;ppfrsufESmrsm;rS &efol@wyfrsm;ukd qGrJ xkwfEkdifatmif xdxdrdrdxdef;csKyf&ef?
txufyg qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; taumiftxnfazmf&ef tckdiftrm enf;vrf;rsm;ukdrl txufwGif (rdrdvkyfEkdifonfh/ vkyf&rnfh
tcsufrsm;tay: pOf;pm;csufrsm; tcef;wGif) tjynfhtpHk azmfjy+yD; jzpfygonf?
(p) wcsed w
f nf; vkyaf qmif&rnfh tcsuw f csurf mS rdrwd @dk wyfrmS (&efoul xifxm;oavmuf tiftm;r}uD;ojzif)h tvGet f iftm;
awmifw h if;jynfpakH =umif;/ wcsw
D nf; wkud cf u
dk af csre_ ;f awmhrnf jzpfa=umif; tar&duef vkv d m;aomowif; axmufrsm;u wqifh 0g'jzef@&ef?
(Tvkyfief;udkrl tpkd;&u vkyf&ef)
‚wkd@rSm tajccHqHk;jzwfcsufrsm;jzpfonf?

7? usaemfwkd@. pDrHudef;
TuJhokd@ tckdiftrm qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; cs+yD;aemuf pDrHudef;tjynfhtpHkukd a&;qGJEkdif+yDjzpfayonf? txufwGif pOf;pm;enf;rsm;
tjynfhtpHk a&;+yD;jzpfI pDrHudef;tckdiftrmukd xyfra&;awmhyg?
(u) TpDrHudef;wGif xyfjznfhp&mrsm; &Sdygonf?
-tcsif;csif;qufoG,fa&;pepfESifh yHkpH
-vkdtyfaom axmufyHha&; tcsuftvufrsm;
-aq;bufqkdif&m u,fq,fukoa&; enf;vrf;rsm; ponhftkyfcsKyfa&;qkdif&m pDrHudef;rsm;æjzpfonf?
rlvppfqifa&; pDrHudef;ukd pOf;pm;jyifqifuwnf;u rdrdwkd@bufrS tkyfcsKyfr_tcsuftvuf vkyfEkdif;pGrf;twGif;Y a,bk,spOf;pm;/
a&;qG=J up+rJ jzpfaomfvnf; wcgw&Hxl;jcm;aom tajctaersm;wGif vkdtyfaom tkyfcsKyfr_tcsuftvuf awmif;qkdr_ukd rjznfhwif;EkdifI
ppfqifa&;pDrHudef;ukdyif wrsKd;wzHk jyKjyifjyKvkyf&onfrsm; &Sdayonf?
okd@aomfusaemfwkd@ Tppfqifa&;ukd qifE&J$ mwGif zqyvtpkd;&u vHk;0axmufcHtm;ay;cJhonfhtwGuf usaemfu a&S@wef;u
bmvkdvkd tcsdefra&G; awmif;qkd&,lEkdifchJygonf? wjynfvHk; &Sdor#ae&mrS vkdcsifwhJt&mtm;vHk; tcsdefrqkdif; awmif;qkd&cJhygonf?
8? ed*Hk;csKyf
(u) Tppfqifa&;wGif rlvawG;ac:pDrHchJonfhtwkdif; &mE_ef;jynfh atmifjrifacsmarmcJhayonf?
(c) &efol. tm;omcsufESifh vkyfEkdifcsufrsm;ukd rdrdwkd@u rdrdtm;omcsufESifh vkyfEkdifcsuf/ &efoltm;enf;csufwkd@ESifh aygif;pyfI
tm;aysmhoGm;atmif oHk;oyfvkyfEkdifchJonfhtwGuf jzpfygonf?
(*) &efol. tm;omcsufESifh vkyfEkdifcsufjzpfonfh t"du (2)csuf
1-acgif;rmaom ae&mpGcJ Huwkwf ppfyq GJ ifEj$J cif;ESifh
2-twGi;f 0ifomG ;&aom rdrw d @dk . ppfa=umif;tm; tvpfx;dk okwf 0kid ;f 0ef;acsre_ ;f pm;vku
d jf cif;/ vkyEf idk zf ,
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d @dk tm;omcsuf
jzpfonfh vufeuf}uD;oH;k Ekid jf cif;ESihf &efo.l tm;enf;csujf zpfaom tawG@t}uHKenf;yg;onfh a'owyfom;opfrsm; yg0ifaejcif; qko d nf@tcsuf
20
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21
(2) csufukd zGH@+zdK;ap+yD; pDrHudef;csEkdifojzifh acszsufEkdif+yD; atmify&JG ,l EkdifchJayonf?
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aygufygu rdrdwkd@u &efoltay: tzufzufu tay:pD;&Ekdifjcif;/ aemife,fajr xdef;odrf;a&;twGufvnf; tusdK;&Sdojzifh rdrd.
omvGefcsufrsm;udk ckdifrmEkdifapjcif;rsm;a=umifh jzpfygonf?
(i) rkid ;f [efc&D;wkd xk;d azmuf&mrSmvnf; &efo. l vkyEf idk zf ,
G f wefjyefx;dk ppftwGuf aoe*FAsL[m t&Hwyfudk aomifwifomG ;ap&ef
twGuf &efo@l wyfr;ª csKyf. tm;enf;csuEf iS hf rdr. d tm;omcsuf ajrtajctaeudk toH;k cs+yD; wyfenf;enf;0ifwmukd trsm;}uD;0ifvmonf[k
xifjrifap&ef ava=umif;&dumQ ypPn;f rsm; waeukecf say;aejcif;wk@d onf rsm;pGmxda&mufomG ; +yD; &efo@l t&Hwyfonf ppfyw JG iG f vH;k 0 toH;k r0if
jzpfoGm;&ayonf? okd@jzifh &efolwefjyef xkd;ppfukd zsufqD;vkdufEkdifonf? tqifhqifh cHppfvkyfrSmudkvnf; ysufoGm;apcJhygonf?
(p) 0rfqvm wkdufyGJwGif rdrdwkd@ rD;tm;ukd oHvGiftaemufbufurf;rS 'DwyGJom rD;tm;}uD;rm;wJh tajrmuf}uD;rsm;ESifh
wku d Ef idk rf nfjzpf&m (tawG@t}uHKr&S/d avhusirhf r_ &S)d pwJh tm;enf;csurf sm;&Sw d hJ &efoul dk zdypfay;&m xkyd pfrw S wf ckwnf; wyfwcGJ usO;f usO;f av;
ae&may:okd@ (25)aygif'gusnf (500) cef@/ (3) vufr armfwmusnf (1,000) cef@ wkd@ukd 15 rdepf=um ypfvkduf&m ar#mfvifhxm;onfhtwkdif;
&efolrsm; tvGefwkefv_yfoGm;+yD;/ tv,f-awmifoHk;vHk;okd@ xGufajy;&mwGif (25) aygif'g tajrmufrsm;u ,rf;jyif;rsm;ESifh xyfrHypf+yD;
awmifajcwGif apmapmuwnf;u yke;f v#Kd ;aeonfh rdrw d yfrsm;u vSpH yG x f ;dk / wuford ;f &m tm;vH;k acsmarmpGm &&Scd yhJ gonf? &efow l ek vf y_ rf u
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rkdif;[efc&D;wkd xkd;azmufa&;wyfu v_yf&Sm;wkdufckdufvmojzifh &efolrsm;taeESifh olwkd@XmecsKyfukd wkduf±kdufwkdufae+yD[k ,lqum rkdfif;wkH
ppfrsufESmwGif t0kdif;cH&awmhrnf[k awG;xifum acsmufcsm;vmr_rsm;vnf; &Sdygonf?
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+cdrf;ajcmuf [efjyvkyfief;tm;rsm;tm;vHk;vnf; ydyd&d&d&Sdojzifh tm;vHk;atmifjrif&jcif; jzpfonf? TonfrSm ar#mfvifhxm;onfxuf ykdrdk
atmifjrif+yD;/ ykdrkdtusdK;&SdoGm;&ayonf?
(q) okd@jzifh rdrdwkd@. &nfrSef;csufjzpfaom &efol@tajccH rkdif;qwfESifh rkdif;wHk-rkdif;[ef-yGefygusif a'o}uD;ukd odrf;ydkufEkdif+yD;
w±kwfjzLwkd@. tajccHpcef;ukd a0;uGmaom xkdif;Arme,fpyfrsOf;awmifa=umrsm;odk@ wGef;xkwfEkdifchJayonf? yGefygusif ta&S@e,fpyfteD;
w±kwjf zLXmecsKyfudk pD;rd&m cJ,rf;aomif;ode;f eD;yg;/ aq;0g;/ ppfo;kH ypPn;f tawmf rsm;rsm; &rd+yD;/ ‚wk@d tm; Armjynfudk +cdr;f ajcmufEidk af om
taetxm;rS vHk;0wGef;z,fvkdufEkdifonf?
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ta&;}uD;cJhaom) vkyfief; (2) ckukd azmfjyygOD;rnf?
1-&efolu ae&mpGJajruwkwfppfyGJ acgif;rmpGmvkyfv#if rdrdwkd@rsm;pGm cufcJrnf? vufeuf}uD;ygrS jzpfrnf? txl;ojzifh
oHvGifta&S@buf urf;wGif TvkdppfyGJwkduf&ygu rnfokd@vkyfrnfenf;? }udKwifjyifqif&rnf? xkdpOfu ArmhwyfrawmfwGif (25) aygif'g
tajrmufESifh 'kwd,urBmppf}uD;tusef wifhum;ypf (6) aygif'g tajrmufrsm;om &Sdonf? (25) aygif'g tajrmufrsm;rSm um;vrf;&SdrS
qG, J lEkdifonf? (6) aygif'grSmrl um;qGt J ajrmufyif jzpfaomfvnf; jzKwfo,f,l&efjzpfonf? (6) aygif'g tajrmufwckvHk; tav;csdefrSm
aygif (2,000)ausmf&Sd+yD; tav;qHk;tykdif;rSm ajymif;ykdif;jzpfonf? ajymif;onfvufr (100) ausmf&Snf+yD;/ tav;csdefrSm aygif (500) ausmfcef@
&Sdonf? vle@J xrf;u c&D;&Snf rxrf;Ekdif? xkd@a=umifh qifESifhxrf;&ef pdwful;rdonf? Armjynf&Sd qifawmfawmf}uD;}uD;rsm;om aygif (500) ukd
wifEkdifrnf? qifrSm qGt J m;om&Sdonf? wiftm;r&SdvS? &Snfvsm;+yD;av;vHvSaom ajymif;wef}uD; qifay:wifEkdifatmif qifeH±kd;/ ausm±kd;
wnfaqmufyEkH iS hf oifah wmfrnfh ykcufwrsKd ; wDxiG Ef idk rf S jzpfEidk af yrnf? qifta=umif; u|r;f usio f rl sm;ESihf n‡Ed id_ ;f vkyaf qmifrj_ zifh xkyd ck ufwrsKd ;
wnfaqmufEkdifcJhonf? xkd@jyif xkdqifrsm; oHvGifukdul;zkd@ qifazmif}uD;wckukdvnf; u|rf;usifolrsm;u pkaygif;vkyfaqmifcJh=uonf?
xkq d ifo,frnfh azmiftwGuf }udK;&Sm&mwGif }udru f dk oHviG af &wGif wywfEpS yf wfprd &f rnf[k qkv df mojzifh tb,fa=umifx h odk @dk vtdk yfa=umif;
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ppfyGJ qifE&$J v#if tvGefxda&mufrnfh (6) aygif'g tajrmuf2 vuf toHk;jyKEkdifa&; twGuf }uHpnfvkyf aqmifchJ&ygonf?
2-0rfqvmukd rdrdwkd@. (25) aygif'g tajrmuf}uD;rsm;jzifh tpGrf;jy ajcmufvSef@ypfcwf&ef tajrmufrsm; 0rfqvm taemuf
urf;awmifa=umay: ta&muf&efol rodatmif o,f,la&;jy\emukd ajz&Sif;&mwGifvnf; tvGeftao;pdwf pDpOfchJ &ygonf?
rkdif;yefrS 0rfqvmbufvmaom um;vrf;rSm oHvGifra&mufrD (6-7) rkdifavmuf um;vrf;jywfoGm;onf? xkd@a=umifh
tajrmufqG&J ef um;vrf;azmuf&v#ifvnf; ta&S@urf;rS &efolodoGm;Ekdifonf? taemufbufrS oHvGifbufpD; aom acsmif;wacsmif;onf
‚vrf;jywf awmifa=umatmufu pD;+yD; oHviG o f @dk 0rfqvmtaemufurf; awmifbuf,eG ;f ,Ge;f ok@d pD;0ifonf? xk@d a=umifh rkid ;f yefrS 0rfqvm
(oHviG )f oGm;&m um;vrf;jywfae&mrS acsmif;twGi;f ok@d vrf;xGiI f tajrmufrsm; ukq d cJG sum acsmif;xJa&mufaomtcg tajrmufajymif;rsm;ukd
ydwq f @dk +yD; acsmif;twkid ;f oHviG u f rf;pyfem;txd (7) rkid rf #aomc&D;ukd vltm;ESiw hf jznf;jznf; cJ,Of;pGm qG, J o l mG ;+yD; oHviG u f rf;teD;a&mufrS
taemufbufawmifa=umay:okd@ vrf;azmuf+yD; vltm;ESifhqGw J if=u&onf?
22
 Tonfwkd@rSm &efol. tm;omcsufjzpf+yD; rdrd.tm;enf;csufjzpfaom awmawmifwGif ajruwkwfcHppfjzpfcJhaomf qkdonfh
tcsuftay: wGef;vSefypf&ef pDrHcsufrsm;jzpfayonf?
5? Tppfqifa&;wGif atmifjrifr_&jcif;. tajccHtcsuf}uD; (2) csufrSmæ
(1) txufwGifazmfjycJhonfhtwkdif; rdrdwkd@. tm;enf;csufjzpfaom vrf;r&SdonfhawmawmiftwGif; &efolu ae&mpGJ
ajruwkwfppfyq GJ ifaomf rdrdwkd@vkdtyfonfh tajccHvufeuf}uD;rsm; cufcaJ er_rsm;ukd z,f&Sm;ajz&Sif;vkdufEkdifjcif;
(2) &efolu rdrdxuftm;}uD;+yD; t&Hwyfjzifh wefjyefxkd;ppfqifum wGef;vSefypfrnfhtEW&m,fukdvnf; ppfupm;I (c&D;wkd
xkd;azmuf+cdrf;ajcmufjcif;) &efol@wyftrsm;tjym; aomifwifatmifvkyfEkdifchJjcif; (xkd@a=umifh &efol@t&Hwyf a&S@wef;rykkd@Ekdif/ tqifhqifhcHppf/
uwkwfppfrqifEkdifjzpfoGm;apjcif;)/ tjcm;ppfrsufESm toD;oD;rS &efolrsm;ukdvnf; xdef;csKyfxm;Ekdifjcif;wkd@ jzpfygonf?
Tonfwkd@rSm usaemfvGefcJhwJh (10) ESpfcef@u bk&ifhaemifppfqifa&;ta=umif; a&;om;xm;aom pmwrf;yif jzpfayonf?
tawmfjynfhpHkojzifh Tusaemf. twˆKy`wWdwGif ul;,lazmfjyvkdufygonf? wcsdK@usefaomtcsufrsm;ukd atmufwGifqufvuf a&;om;
azmfjytyfygonf?
1? usaemfwkd@ Tppfqifa&;}uD;qifE$Jaomtcg owif;pmq&mrsm; usaemfwkd@ESifhtwlygvm+yD; wkdif;jynfokd@ tqufrjywf
a&;om;wifjyay;aeonfhtwGuf jynfolrsm;uvnf; tHkºuaxmufcH=uygonf? usaemfrSwfrdoavmuf jrefrmhtvif;OD;oef;nGef@/
&efukefOD;ausmfpdefpolwkd@jzpfI tpkd;&uvnf; ±kyf&Sif±kduftzG@J ukdyg apv$wfygonf?
2? a&S@wef;ulnDa&;tzG@J rsm;/ rdcifESifhuav;apmifha&Smufa&;toif;rsm;/ wyfrawmftrsdK;orD;tzG@J rsm;uv_H@aqmf+yD; a&S@wef;okd@
axmufcHpmrsm;/ tm;ay;pmrsm;/ vufaqmifypPnf;rsm;ay;ykd@=u&m a&S@wef;&Sdwyfrawmfom;rsm; tvGeftm;wuf vef;qef;=uygonf?
3? Tppfqifa&;wGif t"duwku d yf }JG uD;jzpfaom 0rfqvmul;wk@d qyd f wkud yf OJG ;D pD;olrmS aoewfuidk w f yf&if; (1) wyf&if;rª;/ 'kAv
dk rf ;ª }uD;
wifOD;jzpfonf? (,ck NLD 'kOuUÏ OD;wifOD;)
4? Tppfqifa&;}uD;rSm w±kwfjzLXmecsKyfESifhwuG w±kwfjzLwkd@. ArmjynfwGif ta&;}uD;qHk;cHwyfjzpfaom rkdif;qwf vGifjyifESifh
rkdif;wHk-rkdif;[ef-yGefygusifvGifjyifESifh rkdif;ykvGifjyifpwJh vGifjyif (3) ckukd wvcGt J wGif; odrf;ykduf&&Sdygonf? 0rfqvm wkdfufyG+J yD;uwnf;u
w±kwfjzLrsm; b,fae&mrSmrS jyif;jyif;xefxef ckcHjcif;rjyKawmh? wqkwfwnf; qkwfoGm;ygawmhonf?
usaemfwkd@u rkdif;qwfav,mOfuGif;vnf; odrf;ykdufvkdufEkdifojzifh tay:pD; ykd&vkdufygonf? aemufqHk;olwkd@XmecsKyf yGefygusif
ukdvnf; usaemfwkd@u wqufwnf; vkdufodrf;&m tvG,fwulyif odrf;ykduf&&Sdvkduf+yD; w±kwfjzLrsm; xkdif;e,fpyf vG,fr[efcef awmifwef;
ay:u pcef;wcko@dk xGuaf jy;oGm;=uygonf? olw@dk XmecsKyfrS ppfvufeufypPn;f trsm;tjym; odr;f ydu k &f &Syd g onf? ‚wk@d wiG f um;wpD;wku d f
aq;0g;ypPnf;rsm;/ um; (2) pD;wkdufcef@ cJ,rf;usnfqefrsm;/ ,leDazmif;topfrsm; topfpufpuf av,mOfypftajrmuf (2) vuf/
0kdif,mvufpufypPnf;rsm;tjyif bdef;pnf}uD; wpnf odrf;ykduf&&Sdvkdufygonf? usaemfu xkdbdef;rsm;ukd rD;wif±_d@cdkif;&m tcsdK@wyfom;rsm;u
tvGeftzkd;wefojzifh &ifbwfpnfwD; jzpf=uygao;onf?
5? vG,fr[efcefawmifrSm xkdif;Arm e,fpyfrsOf;ay:wGif wnf&Sdaeojzifh qufvkdufwkdufv#if xkdif;EkdifiHxJ usnfqefrsm;
usa&mufEkdifojzifh usaemfwkd@ppfqifa&;ukd &yfvkduf&ygonf? 'ghtjyifusaemfwkd@ rkdif;wHkodrf;+yD;aemuf AkdvfcsKyfae0if;a&S@wef;okd@
a&muf&Sdvmygonf? oluajymjy&mwGif xkdif;avwyfav,mOf (9) pD;cef@ armfv+rdKifESifh rkwWrukd tqufrjywf vm0Jaeonf[k qkdygonf?
xkd@a=umifh usaemfwkd@taeESifh xkdif;e,fpyfwGif qufvufwkdufI rjzpfawmhyg?
6? usaemfwkd@ TuJhokd@ ppfa&;v_yf&Sm;r_atmifjrifvdkufIwa=umif;/ jynfolvlxk. v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;a=umifhvnf;aumif;/
w±kwfjzLwyfrsm; qkwfcGma&;twGuf oHcif;wrefcif;vkyfaqmifr_rsm; t&Sdefjrifhvm+yD; (w±kwfjzLwyfrsm; pdwf"mwfus z±kdz&Jjzpfr_
rsm;vmojzifw h a=umif;) 1954/ pufwifbmvwGif tdraf xmifonf trsm;tjym;yg0ifonfh w±kwjf zLwyfom; (5,000)ausmo f nf vufeuf
(800) cef@ESifhtwl xkdif0rfokd@ qkwfcGmoGm;=uygonf?
7? Tppfqifa&;ESifh wqufwnf;avmufrSmyif (1954ck/ arvukefwGif) xkdif0rfwGif XmecsKyfzGifh ±Hk;xdkifaeaom AkdvfcsKyfvDrDu
“,leef uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&;/ trsdK;om;u,fwifa&;wyfrawmf”ukd zsufodrf;vdkuf+yDjzpfa=umif; a=unmvkdufygawmhonf?
8? usaemfonf bk&ifhaemifppfqifa&;rSwfwrf; ed*Hk;csKyfwGif TppfyGJatmifjrifjcif;. tajccHta=umif;&if;(7)csuf azmfjycJh&m/
jynfov l xl wk udk yf EJG iS hf ywfoufaom tcsuf (3) csuf xnfo h iG ;f a&;om;rdygonf? xktd csuf (3) csuu f dk usaemfrw S rf d oavmuf azmfjy&v#iæ f
(8 - 1) - wkid ;f jynfvx l v
k y_ &f mS ;r_ t&Sed t f 0ga=umifh wyfrawmftm; wufºu+yD; &JprG ;f owWad &m vH@k v0d&, d yg ppf+yD;acwf wyfrawmf
orkdif;wGif r}uHKzl;avmufatmif wufwufºuºu&Sdjcif;?
(8 - 2) - wkdif;jynfv_yf&Sm;r_onf &efol. pdwf"mwfudkyg ,drf;,kdiftm;enf;apjcif; (‚rSm ppfajrjyif&Sdwkdufaeaom w±kwf
jzL&efolrsm;ukdom t"duqkdvkdaomfvnf; ol@aemufrS }udK;ukdifol e,fcs@J orm;rsm;tzkd@vnf; xkdxufykdI pdwfxdckdufrnfjzpfonf?)
(8 - 3) - rdrdwkd@xkd;ppf}uD;paomtcg wu,ftm;xufykdrkdI tiftm;tvGef}uD;rm;av[ef owif;pmq&mrsm;jzifh 0g'jzef@jcif;
æwkd@jzpfygonf?
9? wu,fawmh vlxkwkdfufyrJG sm; ygvmrSom wzufu ppfqifa&;a&m wkdufyrJG Smyg taxmuftul &&SdEkdifygonf? xkd@a=umifh
ppfa&;wkdufyGJaomfvnf;aumif;/ oHwrefa&;wkdufyGJaomfvnf;aumif;/ vlxk wkdufyGJay: rDSckd&yfwnf+yD; wkdufyGJ0ifrSom jywfom;pGm
23
atmifjrifEkdifrnfjzpfonf? xkd@a=umifhvlxkwkdufyrJG Sm ta&;}uD;qHk;jzpfonf? usaemfhukd,fawG@t& jynfolvlxk axmufcHv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;onf
ppfajrjyifwGif tusdK;rsm;pGm&SdchJonf? vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_ESifh eD;uyfpGm qufpyfr_onf ppfa&;wGif wyef;omaponf? wyfrawmfom;rsm;onf
zufqpfawmfvSefa&;aemufykdif; Tppfqifa&;wGifawG@&aom pdwf"mwfwufºur_rsdK; ,cifu rawG@&zl;ay? &efoltaeESifhvnf; pdwf"mwf
wkefv_yfacsmufcsm;&ygonf?
Todk@ w±kwfjzLwyfrsm; xkdif;e,fpyfrsOf;ay:a&mufoGm;I usaemfwkd@qufwkduf&ef rjzpfEkdifawmhojzifh 1954 ckESpf arvv,fwGif
Tppfqifa&;}uD;ukd &yfqkdif;vkduf&ygawmhonf?
xkd@aemuf usaemfwkd@ e,fajrvHk+cHKa&;rsm;/ tpkd;&tkyfcsKyfa&;Xmersm; zGifhvSpfpDpOfay;+yD;aemuf usaemfwkd@wyftcsdK@ESifh twljyefvm
=uygonf? usaemfwkd@ ar+rdK@okd@jyefa&mufaomtcg w+rdK@vHk;xGufI aomif;aomif;zszs }udKqkd=u+yD; usaemfwkd@ukd um;awGay:wifum
w+rdK@vHk;vSnfh+yD; atmifycJG H=uwmukd rSwfrdaeygonf?
w±kwfjzLta&; tawmf&ifat;oGm;&+yDjzpfaomfvnf; e,fpyfwav#mufv_yf&Sm;aeaom w±kwfjzLrsm; tcsdefra&G; jyefvnf
pkpnf;rd+yD; +cdrf;ajcmufr_topfrsm; jzpfvmEkdifygonf? xkda=umifh bk&ifaemifppfqifa&; w&yftjywfqifE$&J ef usaemfu zqyv tpkd;&udk
wifjyygonf? Armhwyfrawmfu ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwu D dk xk;d ppfqifz@dk jyifqifcsurf sm; a&$@qidk ;f +yD; usaemf tm;wyfrsm;xyfjznfah y;&efvnf;
wifjyvkdufygonf? w±kwfjzLrsm;ukd emvefrxlatmif rvkyfvkdufEkdifv#if rdrdwyfrsm; pdwf"mwfxdckdufEkdif+yD; &efoluvnf; tm;wuf
vmEkdifond[k usaemfu wifjyygonf? xkd@a=umifh usaemfu 55ckESpfwGif “&ef}uD;atmif ppfqifa&;”udk qifEJ&$ efjyifqifygawmhonf?
Tppfqifa&;}uD;twGuf twm;tqD;tcuftcJw&yfrSm xkdif;e,fpyfjy\em jzpfaeygonf? tb,fa=umifhqkdaomf-
(1) bk&ifhaemifppfqifa&;wGif e,fpyfrsOf;a=umif;ay: qkwfajy;aom &efolukd yGefygusifbufrS vkdufwkdufygonf? okd@aomf
vufawG@rmS tdraf cgirf ;dk rSm xkid af eouJo h @dk awmifa=umay:xkid f wyfpaJG eojzifh ypf=ucwf=uv#if xkid ;f bufu&Gmrsm; xdcu dk rf mS pk;d ae&ygonf?
e,fpyftaetxm;t&vnf; xkid ;f bufuqkv d #if usaemfw@dk widk ;f jynfbufEiS hf rwlyg? xkid ;f bufu ajrjyef@viG jf yifjzpf+yD; &GmawG+rdK@awG &Syd gonf?
usaemfw@dk bufrmS rl awmawmifawGom&S+d yD;/ vlaetdraf jcr&Syd g? xk@d a=umifh xkid ;f tpk;d &xHrS cGijhf yKcsurf &v#if usaemfw@dk rwku d Ef idk yf g? TonfrmS
aoe*FAsL[m tcuftcJ}uD;w&yfjzpfonf?
(2) usaemfwkd@ bk&ifhaemifppfqifa&; twGif;wkef;u prf;I vkdufwkduf=unfhzl;ygonf? usnfqefausmfroGm;atmif rddrdwkd@bufu
awmifapmif;bufukdom/ &efol@atmufbufykdif;ukdom csdef&G,fypfcwf+yD; vSHpGyfwufxkd;&ygonf? &efolukd xdrSefatmif wnfhwnfhypfv#if
[kdbufukd ausmfoGm;Ekdifygonf? &efoluvnf; aemufqHk;txd ckcH+yD; vSHpGyfxkd;cgeD; ukduf (4-5) q,favmufusrS [kdbufqifajcavsm
ukud f (30) avmuf qif;oGm;=uv#if usaemfw@dk bmrS qufrvkyEf idk b f J xkid =f unfah evkud f &ygonf? &efo@l pw d "f mwfuv dk nf; bmrSxcd u dk Ef idk jf cif;
r&Sdyg? TuJhokd@aom &efolukd aoewfESifhrypfbJ wkdufvkd@rjzpfEkdifyg? awmifxGwfay:u ae&mpGcJ kcHwhJ &efolukd tajrmuf/ av,mOfpwJh
vufeuf}uD;awG roHk;bJ r&Ekdifyg? ,ckawmh ±kd;±kd;±kdifz,f aoewfawmif ypfzkd@c, J Of;aeygonf?
&efolrsm;taeESifh olwkd@&@J xm0& vHk+cHKwJh EkdifiHa&;cHwyf[k qkdEkdifaom xkdif;-jrefrme,fpyf rJacgifjrpftxd rkdifESpf&m&Snfaom
e,fpyfrsOf;ay:wGif tajccHpcef; (4) ck wnfaqmufxm;ygonf? XmecsKyfukdrl xkdpcef; (4) ckteuf vG,fvef;pcef;rSm xm;&Sdygonf?
(3) usaemft h zk@d xkid ;f e,fpyfwiG f w±kwjf zLwyfrsm; wyfpx JG m;r_tay: tvGeaf cgi;f cJ&ygonf? xkid ;f e,fpyfonf &Sr;f jynf e,fomru
tcsut f csmusvaS om u,m;jynfe,f/ u&ifjynfe,fEiS hf weoFm&Dtxd qufpyfaeojzifh b,fae&m ukrd qkd ppfO;D 0ifa&mufvmEdik yf gonf?
ab;apmif;eHyg;u 0ifv#if ykd+yD;ArmjynftwGuf tEW&m,frsm;vSygonf? xkd@a=umifh xkdw±kwfjzLrsm;ukd usdKif;wHkta&S@buf rJacgifbuf
armif;xkwfEkdifrS ArmjynftwGif; ydkif;pdwfcs vHk+cHKrnfjzpfonf?
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rlvaoe*FAsL[m &nfrSef;csuf}uD;udk }uD;pGmxdckdufrnf jzpfonf? xkd@a=umifhwG,fuyfaezkd@ olwkd@tpGrf;ukef}udK;pm;rnf jzpfonf?
(4) usaemfwkd@wyfrsm;u bk&ifhaemifppfqifa&;t+yD; &Srf;jynftwGif;&Sd vGifjyiftm;vHk;ukd odrf;ykdufvkduf+yD;jzpfojzifh w±kwfjzLrsm;
taeESihf &dumQ ukd xkid ;f uko
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qkdEkdifayonf?
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txuft&m&Sdrsm;ukd wnf+idrfatmif xdef;odrf;xm;Ekdifaom (rufvHk;) udpPrsm; jzpfaeayonf? xkdpD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;rsm;wGif xkdif;rSppfbuf
e,fbuft&m&Sdtawmfrsm;rsm;vnf; yg0ifywfoufaeygonf?
Ttcsufrsm;a=umifh xkdif;-Arme,fpyfjy\emonf usaemfwkd@qufvufqifE$ Jrnfh ppfqifa&;}uD;twGuf tcuft
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TuJo h dk tcuftcJ awG@aepOfrmS yif rar#mv f ifah omudpw P &yf ay:ayguv f mygonf? xkid ;f wGi=f oZm}uD;vSaom jynfxaJ &;0ef}uD;ESihf
ykvdyfrif;}uD; AkdvfcsKyfazmif; (Pao) Armjynfukd vma&mufvnfywfjcif; jzpfonf? olonf ar+rdK@okd@wufvm +yD; usaemfESifh vma&muf
24
awG@qHkygonf? usaemfESifhtwl bk&if@aemifppfqifa&;wGif yg0ifcJhaom t&m&Sdrsm;ESifh awG@qHk+yD; olu usaemfwkd@ ,cifwkdufyGJrsm;wGif
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usaemfu yGiyhf iG v
hf if;vif;yif xkid ;f e,fpyfrmS ppfwu
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d yf gonf? w±kwjf zLwyfrsm; xkid ;f 0ifomG ;v#if
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usaemfu qufawmif;qkdvkdufygonf? tHh=opzG,fyif AkdvfcsKyfazmif;u cGifhjyKcJhygonf? (aemifrS od&onfrSm bdef;vkyfief;rsm; vkyf&mwGif
AdkvfcsKyfazmif;ukd w±kwfjzLrsm;u npfv$wfvkdufonfhtwGuf AkdvfcsKyfazmif;u vufpm;acsjcif; jzpfygonf?) xkdif;bufrS ppft&m&SdtcsdK@ukd
usaemfwkd@ ppfqifa&;XmecsKyfokd@ qufoG,fvkyfaqmif&ef ydk@v$wfay;cJhygonf? ‚wkd@rS wqifhxkdif;e,fxJ0ifa&mufzkd@ udpPjzpfvmygu
AkdvfcsKyfazmif;xH a=u;eef;jzifhykd@ tcGifhawmif;&ef jzpfygonf?

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yl;aygif;+yD;/ 1955 ckESpf azazmf0g&Dvv,favmufwGif &ef}uD; atmifppfqifa&;ukd pwifchJygonf?
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'kwd,tqifh-‚vG,fwkH;}uD;rS taemufbuf rkdif;a,mif;&Gmbuf csD&ef?
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25
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usaemf[m ajy;0ifvmwJh &JabmfawGukd “rsufESmukd &efol@bufjyefvSnfhzkd@”ESifh “vSHpGyfwyfvkduf=uzkd@”atmf[pfaºu;a=umf+yD;
usdK;aygufvmwJh ppfrsufESmbufukd jrif;ESifhajy;&ygw,f? xkd;0ifvmwJh &efolESifh vrf;rSmawG@+yD; wkduf=u&awmhwmyJ? ab;ywfvnfrSm
usaemfESifh&aJ bmf (20-30) avmuf tajy;vkdufvmolrsm;ESifh aygif;+yD; wkduf=u&w,f?
tJ'DrSm w±kwfwyfOD;u|Hvmwmukd acwWwm;xm;vkdufEkdifwht J wGuf twGif;pnf;0dkif; 'kwd,vkdif;rSm ckcHzkd@toifhjzpf=u+yD;aemuf/
&efol aemufxyfwkdufvmwJhtcg wGef;vSefEkdifawmhw,f?
'DwkdufyGt J wGif;rSm usaemf[m &efolzrf;qD;rdjcif;cHch&J zkd@ okd@r[kwf owfjzwfjcif;cH&zkd@wkd@rS oDoDuav; vGwfajrmufch&J w,f?
'Dwu
dk yf }JG u;D +y;D awmh wyfudk ‘cHwyf’awmifuek ;f ay: qkwcf mG vH+k cKH ap+y;D aemufwae@ &ef}u;D atmif 'kw, d ppfrsuEf mS zGi+hf y;D ‘vG,v
f ef;’
jyeford ;f zk@d tpDtpOfawG vkyzf @dk rkid ;f qwfudk oGm;&w,f? rkid ;f qwfrmS ppf±;kH csKyfu OD;pD;t&m&Srd sm; aqG;aEG;zk@d apmifah ew,f? vrf;c&D; jrif;ay:rSm
cHwyfawmifukef;u qif;vmawmh vGefcJhwJh (3-4) &ufu wkdufyGJ}uD;ukd ,ckrS at;at;aq;aq; awG;Ekdifawmhw,f? a=umufrufzG,f
aumif;wJhwkdufyGu J kd ,ckrSyJ pOf;pm;Ekdifw,f? (3-4) &ufr# awG;csdef/ pOf;pm;csdefyif r&cJhygbl;?
usaemfhtzkd@ 'Dwkef;u pdwfodyfxdckdufwmyJ? b,fvkdpdwfxdckdufr_ jzpfay:cJhw,fqkdwmukdawmh razmfjywwfyg? usaemf[m
rae@wae@u wkdufch&J wJh ppfajrjyifbufvSnfh+yD; wcgrS rjzpfbl;wJh pdwfrsdK;jzpfvmw,f? a=umuf&G@Hvkd@qkdwmawmh r[kwfyg? usaemfwkd@b0udk
em=unf;ygw,f? e,fcs@J pepf}uD;&Sv d @dk 'gawG vkyaf e&wm? e,fcs@J pepf}uD;ukd &G&H mS rdw,f? vl@b0ukd pdwef mrdw,f? ,ckrS trSeaf jym&r,fq&dk if
tJ'Dwkef;u rsuf&nfawGawmif +zdKif+zdKifusqif;vm ygw,f?
wcgrS ,ckvkd rsuf&nfruschJzl;yg? igwkd@bmawG vkyfae=uwmvJ? vl@b0[m b,frSmrGefjrwfvkd@v?J bmtusdK;&SdovJvkd@vnf;
em=unf;aerdw,f?
aemuf usaemf[m zsm;ovkd wkefvm+yD;/ jrif;ukdyif qufrpD;Ekdifavmufatmif tm;enf;vmw,f? wcgrS 'gavmuf ±kwfw&uf
26
tiftm;ukefcef;roGm;zl;bl;? opfyif}uD;wyifatmufa&mufawmh qufroGm;EkdifawmhwmeJ@ xkd;tdyfvkduf&w,f?
(2) em&Davmuftdyf+yD; Ekd;vmawmhrS usaemfeJ@ygvmwJh &JabmfawGu ygvmwJhvufzuf&nftcsdK }udK+yD;wkdufw,f? aemuf
0kdif,mvuf &JabmfwOD;u olb,fu&vmovJ rodbl;? ‘emewf,kd’wbl; vmazmufau|;w,f? usaemf 'gawG pm;aomuf+yD; tiftm;
jynfhvmwmeJ@ rjzpfbl;? tcsdefr&Sdbl;? 'DaumifawG qufwdkufrS jzpfrSm? tcsdefrjzKef;Edkifbl;qkd+yD; tdyf&mjyefodrf;/ jrif;ay:jyefwuf rkdif;qwfukd
qufxGufcJh&ygw,f?
uJ-awmfavmufyg+yD? usaemfch pH m;&csuu f dk wifjy+yD;yg+yD? ppfuw
dk udk cf u
dk &f wm aysmv
f @dk awmh rxifyge@J ? ppfqw dk m aoa=u=u&wmyg?
rao&ifvnf; ypPnf;a&mtcsdefa&m jzKef;wD;ypf&wmygyJ?
'ga=umifh aphaphawG;&if ppfom;rsm;[m ppf&@J 'kuQukd todqHk;yJ? wu,fwkduf&av wu,fodavygy?J
Tonfwkd@rSm &ef}uD;atmifppfqifa&;}uD;twGif; ukd,fawG@tjzpftysufwcsdK@ukd “urBmppfqef@usifa&;ae@”wGif a[majym
cJhcsufrsm; jzpfygonf?
Tok@d usaemfjyefqw k cf mG &+y;D aemuf usaemftajctae t&yf&yfudk oH;k oyf&mwGif Ttiftm;r#avmufEiS hf ppfqufwu dk If rjzpfEidk ?f
rESpfu bk&ifhaemifppfqifa&;vkd tiftm;aumif;aumif;/ jyifqifr_aumif;aumif;ESifh a&S@uxkd;rS jzpfrnf[k em;vnf+yD; ppf±Hk;csKyfokd@ usaemf
vSrf;ta=umif;=um;ygonf? ,cktiftm;ESifhawmh qufrwkdufEkdif? qufrwkdufv#if rdrdppfwyf pdwf"mwfusrnf? &efolu ykdacgif;rm/
acgif;axmifoGm;rnf? xkd@a=umihf “atmifrmCppfqifa&;”ukd aemufwESpf a&$@ajymif;+yD;/ atmifrmCwkdufrnfhwyfrsm; rdrdbufay;+yD;
,ckESpftwGif; xkdif;e,fpyftm;vHk;ukd &Sif;vkdufv#if aumif;rnfjzpfa=umif; wifjyvkduf&m/ ppf±Hk;csKyfu oabmwl+yD; tiftm;xyfjznfh
ay;ygonf?
aemufxyf (76 rr) -4 vuf/ (3 vufr) armfwm- 4 vuf
ajcvsifwyf&if;(4)æwyf&if;rª;-'kAkdvfrª;}uD;xGef;wif (aemifrqvacwf-0ef}uD;csKyf)
ucsifwyf&if;(4)æwyf&if;rª;-Akdvfrª;aemfvm
ajcvsifwyf&if;(21)æwyf&if;rª;-Akdvfrª;odef;'kwf
ajcjrefwyf&if; (106)æwyf&if;rª;- Akdvfrª;ol&atmifazæ æ
wyf&if; (4) &if; xyf&onf?
avwyfrS qD;jzL&D; (9) pif; xyf&onf?
pk&yftjzpf rkdif;wHkwGif xm;+yD; (3) ywfcef@ bk&ifaemifppffqifa&;uJhokd@ jyifqifum tvHk;t&if;ESifh wkdufcJh=u&onf? wkdufyGJ
wkdufenf;rSm wav#mufvHk; e,fpyfay:wkduf&ojzifh wkduf±kduf tajrmufESifhypf? av,mOfuul+yD; wkdufppfqif wkdufch&J ygonf?
usaemfvnf; xkda'oukd uif;axmufav,mOfjzifh ysHoef;+yD; pHkprf;uif;axmuf&m xkda'o&Sd aygufaomopfyifrsm;rSm
aygifvHk;cef@om &Sdojzifh w±kwfjzLwyf.cHuwkwfrsm;onf rdrdwkd@ tajrmuf'%fcHEkdifrnf r[kwf[k wGufqrdygonf?
usaemfwkd@ESifhtwl xkdif;qufoG,fa&; t&m&Sdrsm;vnf; vkkdufygvm+yD; xkdif;e,fpyftem; odyfuyf&aomtcgrsm;/ wcgw&H
w±kwjf zLpcef;rsm; aemufu0dk ifz@dk xkid ;f e,fpyfwiG ;f 0if&onft h cgrsm;wGif xkt d &m&Srd sm;rSwqifh cGiahf wmif;cH&ygonf? Ttcsurf sm;uvnf;
Tppfqifa&;ukd tawmfyif taxmuftuljyKcJhygonf?
1955ck/ {+yDv (22) &ufae@wGif w±kwfjzLXmecsKyf vG,fvef;pcef;}uD;ukd usaemfwkd@ wyfrawmfu wkdufckdufodrf;ykdufchyJ gonf?
usaemfwkd@ xkdae@wGif wkdufyGJrqifcif xkdif;qufoG,fa&; t&m&SdwOD;u usaemfhukd tJ'Dpcef;odrf;zkd@ b,favmuf=um=um
wkduf&rvJ[k ar;vmygonf? usaemfu “igwkd@ reuf (8) em&D pwkduf&if nae (4) em&DrSm igwkd@tvH tJ'Dawmifukef;ay:rSm wifr,f” vkd@
jyefajymvkdufygonf? Tvkd usaemfwkd@. tmrcHcsufukd &aomtcg xkdif;t&m&SdwcsdK@ w±kwfjzLrsm;xH ajy;oGm; =u+yD; bdef;rsm;ukd
tjrefq;kH a&mif;ypf&ef/ wkud w f eG ;f =ua=umif; =um;od&ygonf? xkid ;f bufurf;rSmvnf; vltrsm; 'Dwu dk yf u
JG dk vma&muf=unf±h =_ u+yD; t±_;H tEkid f
avmif;upm;=uao;onf[kvnf; =um;&ygonf?(w±kwfjzLrsm;u olwkd@pcef;u-vESifhcsD cHEkdifonf[k xkdif;rsm;ukd ajymxm;ygonf?)
usaemfwkd@wkdufyGu J kd eHeuf (8) em&DwGif pcJh+yD; tajrmufrsm;pk+yHKypfchJ=uygonf? tajrmufrsm;ukd cHwyfrsm;wnfhwnfh a&S@txd
rDwm (600-800) txd qGJwifoGm;+yD;rS ypfjcif;jzpfonf? tajrmufypf &yfv#if&yfjcif; vSHpGyfwufxdk;ygonf? w±kwfjzL cHuwkwfrsm;
c%twGi;f a=uysuo f mG ;+yD;/ oH;k em&DtwGi;f pcef;ukd odr;f rdygonf? ppfajrjyif&iS ;f vif;a&; tcsKd @jyKvky+f yD;aemuf nae (4) em&DwiG f jynfaxmifpk
tvHawmfukd awmifxdyfrSm v$ifhxlvkdufEkdifygawmhonf?
Tawmifxdyfay:rSmyif usaemfwkd@ apwDwql wnfaqmuf xm;cJhygao;onf? xkdtcsdefrSpI usefw±kwfjzLrsm; vm tkde,fpyf/
rJacgifjrpfbufa&$@ajymif;oGm;cJh=uygawmhonf? tiftm;(3,000)cef@om usefawmh&m wcsdK@tiftm;rsm;vnf; xkdif0rfokd@ jyefqkwf
oGm;ygawmhonf?
TyGJwGif usaemfwkd@bufrS (44) OD;usqHk;+yD; '%f&m (100) ausmfr# &cJhygonf? w±kwfjzLwyfom; (1,500) ausmf vuf
eufcscJh=uygonf?
Tppfqifa&;}uD;twGif; tajrmuf(3) rsdK;ESifh armfwmusnfqef (1,500) ukefonfhtwGuf usyfaiGwoef; ukef&onf?
tjcm;vufeufi,fusnq f ef ryg/ tajrmufEiS hf armfwmusnq f efz;dk om &Sad o;onf? ±kid zf ,fEiS hf pufaoewfusnq f efrmS oef; cso
D ;kH pGcJ &hJ onf?
27
tjcm;xif&Sm;onfh ukefusp&dwfrsm;rSm vm; (1,000) ausmftwGuf (5) odef;ausmf? tvkyform; (txrf; orm;) (2,000)ausmftwGuf
(6) odef;ausmf? &Jabmfrsm; &duQmaiGtwGuf woef;? pkpkaygif; (3) oef;ausmf ukefuschJygonf? TtxJwGif &JabmftoD;oD;. vpmaiG/
vufeufi,fusnfqef/ avwyfukefusp&dwfrsm;ESifh pufqD/ acsmqD/ ,mOfp&dwfrsm;/ ypPnf;p&dwfrsm; rygao;yg? xkd@jyif wefzkd;ESifh
razmfjyEkdifaom om;aumif;&wemrsm; usqHk;cJh&ygonf?
usaemfwkd@ arvxJa&mufvmaomtcg ppfqifa&;}uD;ukd &yfqdkif;vkdufygawmhonf?
Tonfrsm;rSm usaemfOD;pD;+yD; w±kwfjzLrsm;tm; wkdufckdufacsr_ef;cJhonfh “bk&ifhaemifppfqifa&;”ESifh “&ef}uD;atmif ppfqifa&;”
}uD;rsm;ta=umif; usaemfrSwfrdoavmufESifh &&Sdpkaqmif;xm;aom rSwfwrf;rSwf&mtcsdK@rsm;rS pkaygif;a&;om; wifjyjcif;jzpfygonf?
jynfph v kH akH vmufra_ wmh r&Syd g? usaemfu h ,
dk yf idk rf w
S wf rf;rsm;ukvd nf; usaemfawmckpd Of (1976ckEpS )f u tpk;d & odrd ;f ,lomG ;+yD; jzpfojzifh r&Sad wmhyg?
wyfrawmf armfuGef;wkdufwGifawmh toifhtwifh &SdEkdifygao;onf? xkdumvuxkwfonfh owif;pm/ pmapmifrsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ xkdpOfu
usaemfwkd@ESifh twlygvmaom ±kyf&SiftzGJ@ ±kduful;xm;aom ±kyf&Sifrsm;rSvnf;aumif; ykdrkdjynfhpHkaom tcsuftvufrsm; &&SdEkdifygonf?
usaemfuawmh Tr#om wwfEkdifygawmhonf?
1955 ckESpf vGwfvyfa&;ae@wGif wyfrawmfrSt&m&Sd}uD;rsm;ukd tpkd;&u bGJ@xl;*k%fxl;rsm; csD;jr‡ifhcJhygao;onf? wkdif;rª;/
Akdvfrª;csKyfrsm;ukd ‘oa&pnfolbG@J’? Akdvfrª;}uD;rsm;udk ‘pnfolbGJ@’pojzifh ay;tyfcJh&m usaemfhukdvnf; ‘oa&pnfolbGJ@’ ay;cJhygonf?
xkb d @JG wq H yd rf sm;rSm a&$rsm;ESihf vkyx f m;ojzifh ‘pnfo’l bG@J &aom Akv d rf ;ª }uD;csp+f rdKifu ta&;ta=umif;&Sv d @dk / vkv
d m&if tJ'aD &$awG a&mif;pm;
=uwmayghAsm[k aemufajymifchJzl;wmukd owd&rdygonf?
1955 ckESpf/ pufwifbmvxJwGif w±kwfjynfol@orRwEkdifiH/ umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;zkefwuf0_dif (yifaw;[l;) . zdwf=um; csuft&
umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf AkdvfcsKyfae0if;OD;pD;onfh ppfrpf&SiftzGJ@}uD;wzGJ@ w±kwfjynfukd oGm;a&mufcJh&m usaemfvnf; tzGJ@0ifwOD;tjzpf
yg0ifoGm;ygonf? qkd&S,fvpf wyfrª;tawmfrsm;rsm;vnf; yg0ifchJygonf? usaemfwkd@onf w±kwfjynfwGif ppfypPnf;xkwfvkyfonhfpuf±Hkrsm;/
ppfavhusifha&;cef;rsm;ukd wvcef@ vSnfhvnf=unfh±_=uonf? +rdL@}uD;/ jy}uD;rsm;jzpfonfh &Sef[/J [efusdK;/ uGrfusdK;ponfh +rdK@}uD;rsm;ukdvnf;
vnfywf=uygonf?
yDuif;rSm&SdpOf atmufwkdbmv (1) &ufae@ xiftefrifwGif usif;yonfh EkdifiHawmftcrf;tem;ukdvnf; wufa&muf=uygonf?
xkdtcrf;tem;rprD Akdvfae0if;ESifh usaemfwkd@ (3-4) OD; OuUÏarmfESifh awG@qHkE_wfquf&ygao;onf?
xkdw±kwfjynf c&D;pOfwGif usaemfrSwfrdwm wck&Sdygao;onf? usaemfwkd@onf tcrf;tem;wck wufa&mufwkdif; wef;pDae&m
,l=u&m r=umc% 0gpOftwkid ;f (protocol) twkid ;f &yf=uyg[k ajymoH=um;=um;ae&ygonf? usaemf tapmykid ;f owdrxm;rdyg? aemufawmh
ouFmruif; jzpfvmojzifh tzG@J xrJ S AkdvfcifndK (aemif awmfvSefa&;aumifpDacwf/ rD;&xm;0ef}uD;) ukd ar;=unfh&m olu tm;emyg;emESifh
usaemfhukd ajymwmjzpfa=umif;? Akdvfarmifarmifausmf0if; (B.D.AumvwGifrS wyfwGif;0ifvmaom a&S@ae/ ynmwwf}uD;/ aemif
w±kwfjynfqkdif&m oHtrwf}uD;) ukd 0gpOft& usaemfha&S@u xm;-xm;a=umif; ajymjyygonf? ppf±Hk;csKyfrS qkd&S,fvpfwyfrª;rsm; vufcsuf
jzpf[ef&Sdonf? usaemfu 'gawGrodbJ Akdvfausmf0if; a&S@u&yfaerdaoma=umifh owday;ae&jcif; jzpf[ef&Sdygonf? usaemfvnf; tawmf
pdwq f ;dk ojzifh Akv d af e0if;ukd wkid v
f u
dk yf gonf? Akv d af e0if;u “[m'gawmh 'DaumifawG odyv f eG w
f myJ” [kq+dk yD; oljyefaomtcg Akv d af usm0f if;udk
jyefac:oGm;ygonf? Akdvfae0if;rSm usaemfwkd@ESifh wywfavmufom vkdufyg+yD; c&D;qHk;xd rvkdufyg? oljyefoGm;+yD; avwyfOD;pD;csKyf
Akv
d cf sKyfwu D vpfudk tzG@J r;ª tjzpf xm;cJyh gonf? (,ck etzacwfxw k f wyfrawmforkid ;f pmtkyrf sm;rSmvnf; xkad cwf xkt d cgu wyfr;ª rsm;ukd
0gpOftwkdif; wef;pD&m rSmvnf; xkdAkdvfarmifarmifausmf0if;ukd a&S@wef;rSmyJ ae&may;xm;wm awG@&ygonf?)
wjcm; &,fzG,fudpPrsm;vnf; jzpfcJh=uygao;onf? wnxrif;pm;yGJ oGm;cgeD; Akdvfcspf+rdKifrSm qHyif&Snfaeojzifh a[mfw,f
atmufxyf qHyifn‡yfqkdifwGif qHyifoGm;n‡yfygonf? qHyifn‡yform;u apwemAvyGjzifh qHyifukdaumfwif+yD; tarmufaxmifay;
vkud yf gonf? oluvnf; rSerf =unfb h mr=unfh jyefvmygonf? tcef;a&mufrS rSe=f unfah wmh tarmuf}uD; waxmifaxmif jzpfaeygawmhonf?
tcsed v f nf; eD;ae+yD;jzpfaoma=umifh 0kid ;f I qHyifaysmah tmif rD;jcpfurD;ESihf ±_@d =u&m qHyifwcsKd @ rD;avmifomG ;ojzifh tawmfyif uokwu f &uf
jzpfvkduf=uygao;onf? xrif;pm;yGJt+yD; a[mfw,fcef;rsm; jyefa&mufrS usaemfwkd@wawG xkdtjzpfukdjyefajym=u+yD; waomaom
&,f&ygao;onf? usaemfw@dk wawGrmS &mxl;}uD;jrifah om wyfr;ª }uD;rsm; jzpf=uaomfvnf; Ekid if jH cm;rsm;ok@d a&mufaomtcg wm0efrsm;vnf;
r&Sdojzifh pdwfvGwfvufvGwf vli,frsm;vkd aemuf=uajymif=u &,farm=u&ygonf?
usaemfwkd@ ajrmufykdif;wkdif;u wyfrª;rsm;rSm tjyefc&D;wGif ,leefjynfe,fukd um;vrf;rS jzwfjyef=u&ygonf? xkdpOfu
,leefjynfe,frSm tawmfqif;&J acwfaemufusaeygao;onf?
1956 ckEpS t f wGi;f usaemfw@dk e,ferd w d t f wGi;f ok@d w±kwjf ynfol vGwaf jrmufa&;wyfrawmfom; tcsKd @0ifa&mufvmojzif/h ‚wk@d
jyefxGufoGm;a&;udpP/ w±kwf-Arm e,fedrdwfudpPrsm; ajz&Sif;&ef usaemf0jynfe,f rkdif;armokd@ oGm;a&mufchJ&ygao;onf? aemufykdif;wGif
rSm;,Gif;0ifa&mufvmrda=umif; awmif;yefajymqkd+yD; w±kwfwyfrsm; at;csrf;pGm jyefxGuf oGm;=uygonf?
Tae&mwGif usaemfESifh AdkvfcsKyfbvdwf (xkdpOfu awmifydkif;wkdif;rª;) wkd@t=um; qufqHa&;ta=umif; a&;vkdygao;onf?
AkdvfcsKyfbvdwfrSm t*Fvdk-tif'D;,ef;ujym; jzpf+yD;/ apmpGmuwnf;uyif Armjynf t*Fvdyftpkd;&vufatmufwGif ppfr_0if+yD;
xrf;cJhol jzpfygonf? ArmjynfvGwfvyfa&; &aomtcg ArmhwyfrawmfwGif ppfr_xrf;qufjzpfvmygonf?
28
 AdkvfcsKyfbvdwfESifh usaemfrSm ,cift*Fvdyfacwfuwnf;uyif od&Sdvm=u+yD; aemufykdif;wOD;ESifwOD; tvGef&ifESD;=uaom
rdwfaqG}uD;rsm; jzpfvm=uygonf? usaemfwkd@ESpfOD;vHk;rSm xkdpOfu ESpfcky&J Sdao;onfh ppfwkdif;rª;rsm;jzpf=u+yD; &mxl;t&vnf; Akdvfrª;csKyfrsm;
jzpf=uygonf? ok@d aomf usaemfw@dk EpS Of ;D rSm pdwt f &if;cHjcif;rwl=uyg? olu uGejf rLepf0g'ukd rke;f wD;qef@ usio f jl zpf+yD; usaemfu uGejf rLepf0g'ukd
v#dK@0SufpGmav;pm; axmufcHoljzpfygonf?
ok@d aomfusaemfw@dk ESpOf ;D onf rdrw d @dk pw
d &f if;udk z,f&mS ;+yD; cspcf if&if;ES;D pGm qufqefc=hJ uygonf? usaemfw@dk EpS Of ;D rSm (usaemfpw d x f if)
rlvvlwef;pm; ADZjcif; eD;uyf=u[ef wlygonf? olonfvnf; tawmftwef qif;&Jaom ZmwdrS vmonf[k od&ygonf?
olonf t*Fvdyfujym;jzpfaomfvnf; Armpdwf"mwf tawmf&Sdygonf? xkd@a=umifhyif Armwyfrª;/ wyfom;rsm;uvnf; ol@ukd
av;pm;cifrif=uygonf? olonfEkdifiHa&;ukd pdwfr0ifpm;yg? Armjynf qkd&S,fvpfygwDudkvnf; qef@usifpdwf &SdaeyHk &onf? ol@pdwfwGif
uGefjrLepfESifh Tqkd&S,fvpfawGqkdwm odyfruGmjcm;=u[kvnf; ,lqaeyHk&ygonf?
xkdpOfu Armjynfukd ppfwkdif;}uD; ESpfckyJcGJxm;&m ajrmufykdif;ppfwkdif;ESifh awmifykdif;ppfwkdif;wkd@jzpf+yD; AkdvfcsKyfbvdwfrSm
awmifykdif;ppfwkdif;rª;jzpfae+yD; usaemfu ajrmufykdif;ppfwkdif;rª; jzpfaeygonf?
Armtpkd;&uvnf; t*Fvdyfu csefxm;&pfaom Armppfwyfukd qufukdif&mwGif t*Fvdyf-tdENd,/ t*Fvdyf-jrefrm paom
ujym;rsm;vnf; qufyg0if tr_xrf;=uygonf? Akv d cf sKyfbvdwrf mS xkt d xJrS jzpf+yD;/ ol.ppfoufwrf;0gpOft& &mxl;}uD;ukd qufay;xm;jcif;
jzpfygonf?
ppfwkdif;rª;wkd@onf rdrdwkd@ ppfwkdif;twGif; wESpftwGif;jyKvkyfrnfh a,bk,sppfqifa&; pDrHudef;rsm;ukd ESpfpOfrdk;&moD tp ZGef-
ZlvkdifwGif a&;qG=J u+yD; ppf±Hk;csKyfokd@ wif&ygonf?
usaemfESifh AkdvfcsKyfbvdwfwdk@rSm wOD;ESifhwOD; ppfqifa&;rsm;ukd em;vnfzkd@&mtwGuf xkdpDrHudef;rsm; tcsif;csif; tjyefjyef
zvS,fzkd@oabmwlxm;=uygonf? xkd@a=umifh ol@wkdif;wGif vkyfaqmifrnfh tpDtpOfrsm;ukd usaemf}udKwif od&SdEkdifchyJ gonf?
aemufykdif; qkd&S,fvpfwyfrª;wcsdK@u AkdvfcsKyfbvdwf&mxl;ae&mukd ,lcsifvmyHk &ygonf? wae@wGif AkdvfcsKyfae0if;u usaemf@ukd
ac:+yD; AkdvfcsKyfbvdwfukd 'D&mxl;}uD;u z,f&Sm;awmhrnfhta=umif; ajymjyygonf? (ujym; jzpfaeI z,f&Sm;rnfhoabm ajymygonf?)
usaemfu vlawGudk ckid ;f wke;f u ckid ;f =u+yD; wkid ;f jynfat;aq;vmawmhrS ae&mz,f&mS ;onfh oabmuawmh raumif;vSyg[k ajymvku d yf gonf?
usaemfu Akv d cf sKyfbvdwrf &Sv d #if ol@widk ;f rS ppfowif;rsm; r&awmhrmS udv k nf; pk;d &drrf yd gonf? Akv
d af e0if;vnf; awGa0oGm;ygonf? xk@d a=umihf
xkdtcsdefu AkdvfcsKyfbvdwfukd rz,f &Sm;ypfchJyg?
usaemfonf usaemf&&Sdaom owif;rsm;ukd ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDokd@ v#dK@0Sufay;ykd@aecJhygonf? txl;ojzifh ukd}uD;jrifh/ &efukef-
r*Fvm'Hu k saemft h rd wf iG f twlaepOf uk}d uD;jrifrh S wqifah y;yk@d cyhJ gonf? txl;ojzifh ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwED iS hf ArmhawmfveS af &;ukd xdcu dk Ef idk rf nfh
owif;rsm;ukd OD;pm;ay;I tjrefay;ykd@chJygonf? usaemfu ygwDxHokd@ usaemf.tjrifrsm; t}uHay;csufrsm;ukdvnf; ay;ykd@chJygonf?
usaemfonf AkdvfcsKyfbvdwfESifh &if;ESD;ae+yD;/ em;vnfr_vnf; ,lxm;ojzifh AkdvfcsKyfbvdwfu ol@ppfwkdif;. pDrHudef;rsm;yg
usaemfhxHay;ojzifh xkdpDrHudef;rsm;ukdvnf; usaemfu uGefjrLepfygwDokd@ ay;ykd@EkdifcJhygonf? xkd@a=umifhvnf; ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDrSm
usaemfhppfwkdif;ua&m/ awmifydkif;wkdif;ua&m ppfwkdif;ESpfwkdif;pvHk; (wenf;) wjynfvHk;. ppfa&;pDrHudef;rsm;udk }udKwifod&Sdaeygawmhonf?
Tokd@jzifh ArmhawmfvSefa&;twGuf tusdK;&Sdaeygawmhonf?
usaemf ar+rdK@okd@ ajymif;&aomtcg uGefjrLepfygwDokd@ usaemfqufom;rsm;ESifh owif;qufvufay;ydk@&ygonf? uGefjrLepfygwDrS
OD;bOD; (xm;0,fom;}uD;/ ,ckuG,fvGef) ESifh ukdvS+rdKif (aemufykdif; vufeufcs/ vkyfom;ae@pOfowif;pm t,f'DwmcsKyfjzpfoGm;) wkd@rSm
usaemf. qufom;rsm;jzpfygonf?
xkdumvu tjzpftysuf (usaemfrSwfrdaewm) wcsdK@ukd jyefajymjycsifygao;onf?
usaemf xku d o hJ @dk ajratmufvyk if ef;rsm; vkyu f idk af e&if; owif;ayguo f mG ;ygu vky&f rnfh tpDtpOftcsKd @udk ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD
A[kdu pDpOfI usaemfhxHay;ykd@vmygonf? usaemf tEW&m,fwckckESifh &ifqkdifvm&ygu wae&modk@ oGm;wdrf; a&Smifae+yD; xkdtdrfrSwqifh
usaemfhukd ygwDxHokd@ ydk@zkd@jzpfygonf? usaemfu tdrfuum;ukd ('±kdifbm&Jabmfukd rac:bJ) udk,fwkdifarmif;+yD; xkdtdrfae&mudk oGm;=unfh&m
AkdvfAwif (vufoD;ykef;) . tdrfjzpfaeonfukd tHh=o0rf;ajrmufpzG,fodvkduf&ygonf? usaemfESifh AkdvfAwifrSm *syefacwfuwnf;uyif
yJcl;pHjywyf&if;wGif tawmf&if;ESD;cJh=uolrsm;jzpfcho J jzifh usaemf tawmfpdwfat;oGm;ygonf? okd@aomf xkdpOfu ol@tdrfokd@ 0ifchjJ cif;vnf;r&Sd?
ol@ukd Tta=umif;ukd aemufykdif;vnf; ajymrjy jzpfyg?
wcg ar+rdK@wiG v f nf; qufom;ukv d +S rdKif a&mufaepOf jy\emwck jzpfygao;onf? usaemfw@dk ar+rdK@trd }f uD;rSm tay:xyfwiG o f m
a&csdK;cef;/ tdrfomrsm;/ tdyfcef;rsm;ESifh wGv J suf&Sdygonf? atmufxyfrSm tul&aJ bmfrsm;/ atmf'vDrsm;om aewwf=uojzifh tdrfomukd
tdrfjyifwGif xm;ygonf? xkd@a=umifh tdrfatmufxyfaeolrsm; tdrfjyifxGuftdrfom wuf&yg onf?
usaemfwkd@. tdrfaemufbufwGifvnf; vrf;omjcm;I ppfwyfrS t&m&Sdtdrfrsm; &Sdygonf? usaemfhtdrfaemufwGif aeolwOD;rSm
Akdvfrª;}uD;ba&$(qkd&S,fvpfwOD;jzpf+yD;/ Akdvfrª;}uD;cifndKESifh orD;a,mufzawmfum awmfvSefa&;aumifpDacwfwGif oHtrwf}uD;jzpfoGm;)
jzpfygonf?
ukvd +S rdKifudk usaemfu atmufxyfwiG f xm;rd&m tjyifxu G f tdro f mtwufwiG f Adv k rf ;ª }uD;ba&$u ol@trd rf S awG@&dS oGm;yH&k ygonf?
29
nykid ;f usaemfuv dk +S rdKifEiS hf {nfch ef;wGif xkid pf um;ajymaewke;f / Akv
d rf ;ª }uD;ba&$ ta=umif;r&S/d ta=umif;&Sm+yD; usaemft
h rd f a&mufvmygonf?
usaemfuvnf;owd&pdS mG jzifh tdrt f ay:xyf tdycf ef;ponfah e&mrsm;wGif pum;rajymbJ/ at;at;vlvl xkid pf um;ajymonfyh pkH H atmufxyf
{nfch ef;}u;D xJrmS yif ajAmifxidk pf um;ajymaewm jzpfojzifh olvnf;c%0ifxidk +f y;D jyefomG ;ygonf? jyefcge;D usaemft h m; b,fob l ,f0gjzpfa=umif;
oG,f0kdufar;vmaoma=umifh usaemfu awmjyef&aJ bmfwa,mufjzpfa=umif; +rdK@a&mufvm+yD; aiGa&;a=u;a&;usyfwnf;vkd@ vmtultnD
awmif;wmjzpfa=umif; ajymvkdufygonf? okd@aomf oljyefoGm;onfESifh usaemfonf ukdvS+rdKifukd csufcsif;um;*dwfokd@ ykd@IrEWav;odk@
qif;ckdif;vkdfufygonf? Tvkyf&yfrSmvnf; rSefuefoGm;ygonf? aemufae@reufwGif Akdvfba&$tpDtpOfjzifh um;*dwftm;vHk;u
xGufor#um;rsm;ukd ykdufpdyfwkduf &SmazG=ua=umif; usaemf=um;&ygonf?

usaemfArmh wyfrawmfrS tem;,l yifpifay;cH&+yD;xGufcJh&aomudpP

w±kwfjzL wkdufyG}J uD;rsm; atmifjrifpGm wkdufckduf+yD;aemuf 1955ckESpfrSpI usaemf. *k%foduQmESifh emrnfrSm wyfwGif; omru
wyfjyifjynforl sm;t=um;ESihf Ekid if jH cm;txdyg ausm=f um;vmcJyh gonf? xk@d a=umifw h yfwiG ;f wGif usaemfu h dk 'kO;D pD;csKyf&mxl;ay;&ef ajymqko d rH sm;
&Sdvmygonf? xkd &mxl;rSm 1949 ckESpf AkdvfcsKyfae0if; (xdkdpOfu 'kOD;pD;csKyf) u OD;pD;csKyfAkdvfcsKyfprpf'Gef;ukd z,f&Sm;+yD; wufvmuwnf;u
rnfolr#ray;bJ uGufvyfxm;aomae&m jzpfayonf? 1956 pufwifbmvwGif jyKvkyfrnfh wyfrª;rsm;nDvmcHwGif usaemfhtm; 'kOD;pD;csKyf
wifa&; 0kdif;I tqkdwif&ef pnf;±Hk;v_yf&Sm;vm&m wyfwGif;wcsdK@ qkd&S,fvpfwyfrª;rsm;yg axmufcHvm=uygonf? wyfwGif;rS qkd&S,fvpftcsdK@
ray;csifaea=umif; od=uojzifh “olwkd@ray;csif&if olwkd@ AkdvfcsKyfausmfaZmvkd ppfwkdufjyygvm;”[lIyif qkd&S,fvpf wyfrª;tcsdK@u
ajymvm=ua=umif; =um;&ygonf? xkd@a=umifh usaemfhukd ykvdyfrif;}uD;cef@a&;/ +AdwdeftjrifhqHk;ppf ausmif;jzpfaom umuG,fa&;wuUokdvo f kd@
wufa&muf&ef v$wfa&; ponfhudpPrsm; ajymqkdae=u+yD; usaemfhtm;wyfrS uif;uGma&;twGuf pwifv_yf&Sm;vm=uygonf?
xkdpOfrSmyif “atmifrmCppfqifa&;”rS zrf;qD;&rdaom usaemfESifh ywfoufaom zkdifwu JG dpPay:aygufvmjcif; jzpfygonf?
“atmifrmCppfqifa&;”qkdonfrSm 1956 ckESpf - ESpfqef;wGif ArmhwyfrawmfrS txufArmjynf/ yckuUL c±kdifwGif; jynfwGif;
olykefrsm;/ txl;ojzifh ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDXmecsKyfukd xkd;ppfqifaom ppfqifa&;}uD;jzpfonf? ajrmufykdif;wkdif;rS wyfr[m (10) u
OD;pD;cJh+yD; wyfr[mrª;rSm Akdvfrª;}uD;=unf0if; jzpfonf? Akdvfrª;}uD;=unf0if;rSm wyfwGif;qkd&S,fvpfacgif;aqmifwOD;jzpf+yD; xkdtcsdefu
acwW0ef}uD;csKyfvkyfaeonfh OD;baqGESifh tawmf&if;onfh aqGrsdK;jzpfonf? (olwkd@. tdrfaxmifzufrsm;bufrS awmfpyf=u[ef &Sdonf?)
xkpd pfqifa&;twGi;f ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD XmecsKyfrS pm&Gupf mwrf;tawmfrsm;rsm; zrf;qD;rd&m xkt d xJwiG f OuUÏocifoef;xGe;f . xdyw f ef;
v#Kd @0u
S zf idk w
f w JG wGJ yg&ydS gonf? xkzd idk w
f wJG iG f yg&adS om pmtcsKd @rt S csut f vufrsm;t& ocifoef;xGe;f xH usaemfua&;ay;onf[k xif&aom
ta=umif;t&mrsm; yg&Sdae&m xkdudpPukd ta=umif;jyKI usaemfhukd t}uD;tus,f ta&;,l&ef wyfwGif;wyfjyif&Sd qkd&S,fvpfrsm; pDpOf=u
ygawmhonf?
Tae&mwGif usaemfESifh xkdacwfxkdtcsdefu EkdifiHa&;ZmwfcHkrsm;wGif ta&;ygpGm a&muf&Sdaeolrsm;t=um; qufqHa&;udk
a&;jyygOD;rnf?
xkdtcsdefumv (1956) ckESpfonf qkd&S,fvpfrsm;u wyfwGif;wyfjyif =oZmv$rf;rkdf;a&; t}uD;tus,f}udK;pm;aer_ t&Sdef
&aecsdefESifhvnf; wkdufqkfdifaeygonf? olwkd@onf jyifytEW&m,fjzpfonfh w±kwfjzLwkdufa&;xuf jynfwGif;ppfukdom tav;ay;
tjyKwfwkdufcsifolrsm;jzpf=uonf? jynfolvlxk Ekd;=um;+yD; awmif;qkdvGef;Iom (wzufuvnf; ArmjynfuGefjrLepf ygwDu azmfxkwf
zGifhcsaeIom) w±kwfjzLwkdufa&;ukd vkyf=ujcif;jzpfonf? xkdwkdufyrJG sm;t&SdefESifh usaemf=oZm}uD;rm;vmr_ukd vnf; olwkd@pkd;&drfae=uonf?
wyfwGif;rSm qkd&S,fvpfygwD qef@usifonfh wyfrª;rsm;vnf;&Sd&m usaemfESifh yl;aygif;pnf;±Hk;rd+yD; olwkd@qkd&S,fvpfrsm;ukd tmcHacgif;rm
vm=urSmvnf; pk;d &dr=f uonf? t"durSm qk&d , S v f pfrsm;taeESihf wkid ;f jynfudk ‚wk@d pw d f }udKuf jc,fv, S vf =dk u&mwGif wyfrawmfukd yxrqH;k
olwkd@pdwf}udKuf tkyfpD;Ekdifzkd@&mrSm ql;an‡mifhcvkwfjzpfaeaom usaemfhukd z,f&Sm;ypfzkd@ vkdayonf?
usaemf TuJhokd@ wyfrSxkwfypfa&;ukd yk*~dKvft& t"du}udK;pm; }udK;ukdifol (3) OD; &Sdygonf?
1? OD;ausmf+idrf;-qkd&S,fvpfygwDrS OD;ausmf+iddrf;onf wav#mufvHk; usaemfhukd owdjzifh apmifh=unfhcJhygonf? OD;ausmf+idrf;onf
usaemfhukd ol.qkd&S,fvpfygwDwGif; a&mufatmifrsm;pGm tm;xkwfvHk;yef;}udK;pm;cJhygonf? qkd&S,fvpf ygwDrSm jynfolwkd@. tusdK;ukd
aqmif&Gufzkd@xuf uGefjrLepfygwD qef@usifa&;/ tjyKwfwkdufa&;ukdom t"duvkyfaeaom ygwDjzpf&m (t"du ‚wkd@ukd,fusdK;pD;yGm;udkom
vkyaf e&m) usaemftaeESihf wkid ;f jynfEiS jhf ynfo@l rsuEf mS raxmufbJ rdrw d 0rf;wcg;twGuf qk&d , S v f pfygw0D if rvkyEf idk af y? OD;ausm+f idr;f taeESihf
uvnf; usaemf. jyif;jyaom jynfcspfpdwf/ tusifhpm&dwW/ oDv/ &mxl;pnf;pdrf rrufarmr_ pwmawGudk=unfh+yD; olodrf;oGif;Ekdifrnfhol
r[kw±f rkH u ol@a&S@a&;&nfreS ;f csuu f ydk g aESmuf ,SuEf idk o f [
l k jrifaeojzifh xkzd idk w f uJG pd P ay:vmaomtcg wyfwiG ;f qk&d , S v
f pfrsm;ESihf yl;aygi;f +yD;
wufºupGm usaemfh ukd ta&;,lvkyfaqmifvmjcif; jzpfygonf?
2? Akdvfatmif}uD;-‚rSm EkdifiHa&;xuf yk*~dKvfa&; &mxl;twGufyg usaemfhukd qef@usifojzifh tvGefjyif;xef+yD;/ usaemfhtay:
yk*~dKvfa&;t&vnf; tvGefrkef;wD;ygonf? usaemfwyfwGif;&Sdaeoa&G@ ol@taeESifh usaemfhukd ausmfum xdyfa&mufzkd@ rjzpfEkdifyg?
3? Akdvfae0if;rSm usaemfhukd *syefacwfuwnf;u rvkdvm;/ rESpf+rdK@aomfvnf; vufawG@xnf@oGif;pOf;pm;&rnfh tcsufrsm;
&Syd gonf?(Adv k af e0if;onf wyfwiG ;f qk&d , S v f pfrsm;teuf ‚uk, d uf sKd ;pD;yGm;ESiyhf wfoufvmv#if tvGev f ufawG@uspmG pOf;pm;Ekid o f l jzpfonf?)
30
wkdif;jynfwGif ppfwyfu xrf;aqmif&rnfh wm0ef}uD;rsm; ay:vmygu ol@wGiftm;ukd;r&Sdfay? olukd,fwkdifu bmrS pGrf;&nf&Sdol r[kwf?
ol@qkd&S,fvpfwyfrª;rsm;uvnf; tm;rukd;&? ta&;ta=umif;qkdu usaemfhukdac:+yD; wm0efay;&? usaemfuvnf; wcgr# rjiif;qkd? ac:
wm0efay;or# wm0efaus¹yefatmif xrf;aqmifcJh? wcgrSvnf; &mxl;udpP ukd,fa&;udpPrawmif;qkdzl;? xkdtcsufrsm;a=umifh usaemfhukd
wyfrawmfrS xkwyf pfa&;txdawmh olu tpykid ;f wGif rvkv d m;cJh yg? ok@d aomf aemufyidk ;f usaemf=oZm t&Sed f wufvmaomtcg olonfvnf;
Akdvfatmif}uDd;ESifhtwl yl;aygif;+yD; usaemfhxkwfypfa&;udk wufºupGm vkyfvmygawmhonf?
Tolrsm;tjyif OD;EkEiS hf OD;AaqG (xkt d csed u
f 0ef}u;D csKyfvyk af eol) wk@d uvnf; usaemfu h dk rvkvd m;=ubJ jzpfaeygonf? OD;AaqGuawmh
qkd&S,fvpfygwD*kd%f;jzpfojzifh w*kd%f;wnf;om;rsm;. qENjzpfaeojzifh odyfawmhrxl;qef;vSyg? OD;EktaeESifhuvnf; wyfwGif;
qkd&S,fvpf*kd%f;rsm;udk axmufxm;qufqHae&ol jzpfonf? olu tapmykdif;u usaemfhtaeESifh qkd&S,fvpf*kd%f;ESifh roifhjrwfvSojzifh
ol@xH csOf;uyfvdrfhrnf[k ar#mfvifhyHk &ygonf? usaemfuvnf; ol@xHrcsOf;uyfay? OD;EkrSm vufu ykwD;ukdifxm;aomfvnf; jynfwGif;ppfukd
zdwkdufaeojzifhwa=umif;/ e*g;eDacwfu wkd;wufaom rsdK;cspfyk*~dKvf}uD;jzpfaomfvnf; aemufykdif;wGifrl t*Fvdyfaemufvkduf vuf,m
orm;}uD;[ef aygufaeIjzpfonf? xkd@a=umifh usaemfu cyfrSefrSef cyfwef;wef; aecJh&m oluvnf; xkd ‘zkdif’ udpPay:vmaomtcg usaemfhukd
z,f&Sm;ypf&ef vkdvm;yHk&ygonf?
xk@d a=umifh usaemfth ay: xkad cwfazmufjyefaewJh qk&d , S v
f pfxyd yf idk ;f tm;vH;k (wyfwiG ;f wyfjyif) omru/ OD;Ekuyg rvkv d m;qef@usif
cJh=u+yD;/ xkdzkdifudpPay:vmaomtcg tm;vHk;wnDwnGwfwnf; pkaygif;oGm;+yD; usaemfhukd wyfuxkwfa&; vHk;yef;=uygawmhonf?
TuJhokd@ olwkd@tm;vHk; 0kdif;I usaemfukdrJ=u&aom t"duta=umif;rSm usaemf. uGefjrLepf0g'tay:ESifh ArmjynfuGefjrLepf
ygwt D ay:xm;&Sad om oabmxm;rsm;a=umifh yifjzpfygonf? usaemfonf uGejf rLepf0g'ukd rqef@usi±f rkH u T0g' tay:aomfvnf;aumif;/
ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwt D ay:aomfvnf;aumif; qef@usijf cif;/ ±_wcf sjcif;rsm; b,fawmhrS ajymqkjd cif; rjyKr_tay:/ ‚wk@d tawmf r}udKufEidk jf cif;
jzpfygawmhonf?
okd@jzifh 1956 ckESpf pufwifbmvwGif usif;yaom wyfrª;rsm;nDvmcHwGif TudpPay:aygufvm+yD; xkdnDvmcH wufa&muf&ef
r*Fvm'Hkokd@ a&muf&Sdaeaom usaemfhtm; tdrftus,fcsKyfcsxm;vkdufygawmhonf? xkd@jyif Adkvfae0if; (xkdpOfu um uG,fa&; OD;pD;csKyf) u
OD;pD;I xkdtr_ukd qufvufpHkprf;ppfaq;r_rsm; jyKvkyfygawmhonf?
olwkd@. yxrtpDtpOfrSm ppfcHk±Hk;zG@J / ±Hk;wifppfaq;/ t}uD;tus,fta&;,l tjypfay;+yD;rS (usaemfhukd axmufxm; onfqkdaom
emrnfaumif;ESifh) wyfu yifpifay;vkduf&ef jzpfygonf?
ok@d aomf wu,fjzpfvmonfrmS awmh xkzd idk w f uJG dk Akv
d af e0if;u ol@rw d af qGt&yfom; a&S@ae}uD; OD;bpdeu f dk ay;zwf um usaemfu h dk
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