Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
ا-1-F+
ها اول
ددات
ا
ت ا
.
4' – Aا:3!+
*+ا)ا ا
( ' & $%ن
! ،ا
ر *+ - Kا
.1 ,
*=6& :6 u ABا
( )&> ( Y1و ا E (1أ /ا (1) (%و 89 :6آ 7ر 56آ
3ا6ب
;
ا
)&> 0,5) .( Y2ن(
(2او -ا
;
د ا (B) ,
7ا*
?$ا ) 0,5) . u AB (tن(
−t
@$ (3أن
;
A u AB (t ) = E 1 − e RC د ا 0,5) .(B) ,
7ن(
& (4ذا
:$% )C
6 τ = RCا
( ؟ أ 59ا
?
A HEد &;
ا
;& G9د ا
;6Fد و 0,75) .
?Aن(
(5اJ (2) (%ات ) L6 u AB (tاA ،:&Kد &)
τ
!
/؟ ) 0,25ن(
; 3!+( <#= -Bدارة : RL
9اN/ t=0 M$ر
! O-ا
ر إ Gا
،2 ,اJ
(3) (%ات ) *=6& :6 u AB (tا
( L6ا.:&K
M/
& (6م ا
66ت ؟ ا3ح
ذا و ا ) & T u AB (tا 0,5) .:&Kن(
(7او -ا
;
د ا ,
7ا*
?$ا ) A HE u AB (tد ا
ار ا
NCول
> :9د ا
66ت 0,5) .ن(
(8ا! ا &Uأن ه Wاارة :(
Lا;
?
$ا
، Laذا؟ ا!ح ) 9
CاG9 &U
0,25) .H?(%& Aن(
AB – Cا@? ا>.
ا MAL ،&Uا ا :& 8/ا
. آ، L = 20mm 1B# B >" اI ;@هa1 `#KL يb اYR" c%' وa2 ويR `#KL يb اYR اF (2
.2 >T اd@=
t = 1h ]'> @ ا% ان ا% آoRP ا، F%+ R@" )ن ا@ط اL ل%" ( ن أ0,5
. t = 1h ]'> @ ا% د ا@ى اk%@% ن ب(ا0,5
ا(
ء )7ن(:
?ف ها ا
:إ Gدرا j
A 9
7ا b /
aوا
/ &Lك & ا
ء و= ر > j
A 5ا b /
aوا
/ &Fك *+
ا
ء.
-ا
ت Hا
/زه
9در -ا$ارة . 25°C
6
Eاd
$ ر&Kه
ا
Kدو9
! -ةj
A/
pK A = 4,7 CH 3COOH / CH 3COO −
أ ن ا /
aات j
A/اb /
a
pK A = 9,2 +
NH 4 / NH 3 ا
/ &Fك/أ ن ا / &Fم
pK A = 0 H 3O + / H 2 O ا
ء/أ ن اFآ / Cم
pK A = 1,4 H 2 O / HO − أ ن ا?روآ/Cا
ء
-1ا$اء ا rء:
:1-1أ ; 59ااء ا
*/ Fء 0,25) .ن(
A:2-1د !
8ا :&
!U=/ا
;=
ت ا 0,25) .6
Cن(
sP F = -2ا)! W( Yاء.
j
A d/ :1-2ا b /
aا
Tإ Gا
ء $& G9 X$+ ،ل V1 = 10ml 8
A S1وآWK
0,25) . C1 = 2.10 −2 mol / lن(
;=* !
س pHا
$ل . pH 1 = 3,2 : S1
:1-2اآ` &;
د j
A 9
7ا & b /
aا
ء 0,25) .ن(
(2-2ار 5=& Hا?
Kدو -أ ن ا /
aات j
A/ا b /
aوا nا ع ا
?
*+ :ا
$ل 0,5) . S1ن(
A (3-2د ام ا?
]* j
A 9
7 x1 fا & b /
aا
ء :(
) .ا6 /
;Lول ام( 0,5) .ن(
! (4-2رن x1 fوام ا x1 m GX!Fإذا آ
ن ا $ل آ
0,25) .ن(
(5-2ا )C/ nام ا?
]* 0,25) .9
7ن(
(6-2ه ا & ا / & +اNCال2-2؟ - 9ا 0,25) .b6ن(
F = (3ا(rك ( Wاء:
−2
r6 d$/ذا
' 6ز ا
/ &Fك *+ا
ء & V2 = 10ml 8
A S 2 L $وآ
! *=; . C 2 = 10 mol / l WKس pH
ا
$ل S 2ا
. pH 2 = 10,6
:1-3اآ` &;
د 9
7ا
/ &Fك & ا
ء 0,25) .ن(
. = اةYb" وWL@ء اv إFH أ4( #$%'ن ا%([ اWB أن !ا (اb(^%ة واb=r ا4( H# : اء
Correction
Y2
Y1
)t(ms
τ
( τ = 0.001ms : $
0.5 ]م ا"b"bت dدوري. (6
@> yو Wا"b"bت " oRوHد ا>و( . R
0.5 Lن إ ;Bا#=%ات u AB = u R + u L : (7
2
d u AB R du AB u AB
+ + =0 اد ا: B%
dt 2 L dt LC
du AB
أي ا 4( L^Kاد ا o$ H #== I FS' + ، B%أن +ن ((F
dt
. L ≠ 0 V'" R=0و"z; %ن ا>و( Rه اfRو u 4د ا"b"bت.
0.25 ا K"#( 4" #=%اS' H #v 3!+ل #= Iدد ( 4ا; Eا@? ا>. (8
ا[#%Lاح ا1H : #$%ز ا) Sا] #ارس(
0.25 دور ا1$ز s= ; 4+ا LKادة "ل Hل . (9
0.25 (10
210
84 Po→ 206
82 Pb + Z x
A
( (1د ا: n%%
A=4 ⇐ @ :ا'ظ د ا'@210 = 206 + A :
Z =2 ⇐ ا
7$/ظ 9د ا(84 = 82 + Z :
إذن ا! ا
); ه* د! αوه* /اة ا? م . 2 He :
4
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ )C
6 (2ل:
210
84 Po→ 206
82 Pb + 2 He
4
@ :
E = ∆m.c = [(m( Pb) + m( He) − m( Po)].c = [(206,0385 + 4,0039 − 210,0482)]u × c ≈ −5,8 × 10 u × c 2
2 2 2 −3
(3ﺍﳌﻨﺤﲎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﺜﻞ ﺗﻐﲑﺍﺕ ln aﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ tﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻻ ﳝﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﻪ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﺐ ).ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ(
ﺍﻷﺭﺗﻮﺏ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻻﺻﻞ .6,9 ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ln a = k .t + 6,9 :
−3
e ln a = e ( −5.10 )t +6,9
"zدuل دا اvر
%ا#ي ;#? Iه `bاR%و =: S ln a = −5.10 −3.t + 6,9
−3
e a +b = e a × e b : ﻭﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ a = e ( −5.10 t +6,9 )
:ﺃﻱ
−3
a = 992 × e − 5 .10
−3
a = e 6,9 × e −5.10 :إذن
.t .t
:ﻭﻣﻨﻪ
λ = 5.10 −3 Jours −1 : ﳒﺪ، ﺇﺫﻥ ﺑﺎﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ a = ao.e−λ.t : ( ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ4
ln 2 ln 2
t1 / 2 = = s ≈ 138 Jours : م/ ) اة اX
ا9
=
λ 5.10 Jours −1 −3
---------------------------------------------------------------------
N = N O e − λ .t : ﻫﻮt ]' @ >%( " أن د ى ا@ ا5
mo
NO = .N A : ﻫﻮmo 1%%د ا@ى ; @ آ
M
m
N= .N A : ﻫﻮm 1%%و د ا@ى ; @ آ
M
ln 2 m m
λ= : ﻣﻊm = mo e − λ .t :ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺰﺍﻝ .N A = o .N A .e −λ .t :Iوr اL^ ; اs%"
t1 / 2 M M
: ور#( " >% ا@ ا%آ
ln 2 ln 2
− ×t − ×1
m = mo e = 10 g × e ≈ 9,95 g t1 / 2 138
k = k A = ke = 10 −14
............ ..............................................................................................................................................................
x1 f = 10 − pH = 6,3.10 −6 mol
.............................................................................................................................................................................
. آ#v 'ل% اx1 < x1 max : و" أنx1. max = C1 .V1 = 2.10 −4 mol. : 4-2
.............................................................................................................................................................................
x1 f
τ1 = = 0,03 = 3% : 5-2
x1 max
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.Y!) اsP ه41 إذن ا@ع ا، Y!) اsP 4( 3% A>; n = :6-2
.............................................................................................................................................................................
(3
+
NH 3 + H 2 O NH 4 + HO − (1-3
.............................................................................................................................................................................
. NH 3 ا> ة41= ، PH > PK A ⇐ pK A = 9,2 و pH = 10,6 :@:2-3
.............................................................................................................................................................................
:3-3
NH 3 + H 2 O
+
NH 4 + HO − اد
C 2V2 ة#;" 0 0 ا' ا
C 2V2 − x 2 ة#;" x2
x 1
x2 'ل%@ء اTأ
Ke ة#;" Ke.V2 Ke.V2 1@ا' ا
(C 2 − − pH ).V2
10 10 − pH 10 − pH
ke.V2
− pH ke
τ 2 = 10 = − pH = 0,04 = 4%
C 2 .V2 10 .C 2
.............................................................................................................................................................................
+
CH 3 COOH + NH 3 NH 4 + CH 3 COO − (4
( aq ) ( aq ) ( aq ) ( aq )
2
x3 f
Qr ,éq = −4
= 3,2.10 4
(2.10 − x3 f )(10
4
− x3 f )
.o #v ( وx ≤ 10 −4 ) >م%ن ا+ أنo$ E; ااF' ا4+. 4P 1 ! اH ار4( (دI FS'
. x3 f = 10 −4 mol : I FS'
.............................................................................................................................................................................
. آF % اτ 3 = 1 ⇐ NH 3 ا' هF %ن اr x3 f = 10 −4 mol = x max :4-4
@" انHا% Y!) اsP تH "@ أت ا)!ات و. آ#>= I%uن ا[(ك اr (م ; ا'لr أت ا41=
PH = pK A1 = 4,7 Yb ; ا'ل+ا
.............................................................................................................................................................................
: > اX'ة ا#( ا5
. ارس#] ا:1-5
.............................................................................................................................................................................
:ة# اF = :2-5
CH 3COOH + HO − → CH 3COO − + H 2 O
.............................................................................................................................................................................
:@ f;+% @ ا:3-5
C A .V A
VBE = = 10ml ⇐ C AV A = C B .V BE
CB
.............................................................................................................................................................................
:I FS'. >م%ول ا$" %[ ا4+ :4-5
ni (CH 3COOH ) = C A .V A = 10.10 −3.20.10 −3 = 2.10 −4 mol / l
n( HO − ) = C B .VB = 20.10 −3.5.10 −3 = 10 −4 mol / l
CH 3 COOH + HO −
CH 3COO − + H 2 O اد
2.10 −4 10 −4 0 0 ا' ا
2.10 −4 − x 10 −4 − x x 1
x x 'ل%@ء اTأ
2.10 −4
−x 10 −4
− xf xf xf 1@ا' ا
f
[HO ] = [H10 O ] = 10
−14 −14
− 10
+ − 4 ,8
= 6,31.10 −10 mol / l ⇐ pH = 4,8 : F % ا1 @
3
−4
− xf
xf = [HO ].(V + V ) + x
−
= 10 −4 mol / l : d@(و [HO ] = 10V
−
:ول$^ل اu 4(و
+ VB
A B f
A
xf 10 −4
. ة آ# اF = %" وτ = = =1
x max 10 − 4
:م%و; ا
'S%" ا>مI
1 =وI Ybع وآBا اb ها ; إ اد ه4b ا او اT ; ة اءb= أ#+
. $ا
. =
اةYb" وWL@ء اv إFH أ4( #$%'ن ا%([ اWB أن !ا (اb(^%ة واb=r ا4( H# : اء