Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Internetworking Concepts
Overview
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. 21
Objectives
On completion of this chapter, you will
be able to perform the following tasks:
• Describe how data traffic is exchanged
between source and destination devices
• Identify the roles and functions of a hub,
switch, and router, and where they best fit in
the network
• Select the appropriate Cisco equipment for a
given set of network requirements
Home Mobile
Office Users
Internet
Branch Office Main Office
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—23
Defining the Components
of a Network (cont.)
Branch
Office Floor 2
Server Farm
ISDN
Telecommuter Floor 1
Remote Campus
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—24
Network Structure Defined by
Hierarchy
Core Layer
Distribution
Layer
Access
Layer
Access Layer
End station entry point to the network
Core Layer
• Fast transport to enterprise services
• No packet manipulation
Application
Application
(Upper) Presentation
Layers
Session
Application
Application
(Upper) Presentation
Layers
Session
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Flow
Layers
Data Link
Physical
User Interface
Telnet
Application
FTP
User Interface
Telnet
Application
FTP
• How data is presented ASCII
Presentation • Special processing such EBCDIC
as encryption JPEG
User Interface
Telnet
Application
FTP
• How data is presented ASCII
Presentation • Special processing such EBCDIC
as encryption JPEG
Keeping different Operating System/
Session applications’
Application Access
data separate
Scheduling
User Interface
Telnet
Application
FTP
• How data is presented ASCII
Presentation • Special processing such EBCDIC
as encryption JPEG
Keeping different Operating System/
Session applications’
Application Access
data separate
Scheduling
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link
Physical
EXAMPLES
• Move bits between devices
Physical • Specifies voltage, wire speed and EIA/TIA232
pinout cables V.35
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—215
Role of Data Flow Layers
EXAMPLES
• Combines bits into bytes and
bytes into frames 802.3 / 802.2
Data Link
• Access to media using MAC address HDLC
• Error detection not correction
• Move bits between devices
Physical • Specifies voltage, wire speed and EIA/TIA232
pinout cables V.35
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—216
Role of Data Flow Layers
EXAMPLES
Provide logical addressing which routers IP
Network
use for path determination IPX
• Combines bits into bytes and
bytes into frames 802.3 / 802.2
Data Link
• Access to media using MAC address HDLC
• Error detection not correction
• Move bits between devices
Physical • Specifies voltage, wire speed and EIA/TIA232
pinout cables V.35
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—217
Role of Data Flow Layers
EXAMPLES
• Reliable or unreliable delivery TCP
Transport • Error correction before retransmit UDP
SPX
Provide logical addressing which routers IP
Network
use for path determination IPX
• Combines bits into bytes and
bytes into frames 802.3 / 802.2
Data Link
• Access to media using MAC address HDLC
• Error detection not correction
• Move bits between devices
Physical • Specifies voltage, wire speed and EIA/TIA232
pinout cables V.35
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—218
Role of Data Flow Layers
Application
Presentation
EXAMPLES
Session
• Reliable or unreliable delivery TCP
Transport • Error correction before retransmit UDP
SPX
Provide logical addressing which routers IP
Network
use for path determination IPX
• Combines bits into bytes and
bytes into frames 802.3 / 802.2
Data Link
• Access to media using MAC address HDLC
• Error detection not correction
• Move bits between devices
Physical • Specifies voltage, wire speed and EIA/TIA232
pinout cables V.35
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—219
Encapsulating Data
Application
Presentation
PDU
Upper Layer Data Session
Segment
Transport
TCP Header Upper Layer Data
Network Packet
IP Header Data
Physical Bits
0101110101001000010
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—220
Deencapsulating Data
Application
Presentation
Session
Upper Layer Data
Transport
Upper Layer Data
e a der
Network TCP H
TCP+ Upper Layer Data
e ader
IP H
IP + TCP + Upper Layer Data
Data Link a d er
L C He
L
LLC Hdr + IP + TCP + Upper Layer Data
r
ade
A C He
M
Physical
0101110101001000010
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—221
Written Exercise: OSI Model
OSI Model PDU Functional Responsibilities Examples
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical