Centre for Marine Technology and Engineering

JL Mantari, PhD
Ship in composite
materials
Lisbon, Portugal, 2013

Centre for Marine Technology and Engineering 2
Contents Class 4
Introduction
Basic concepts
Laminate analysis
Failure criteria
Plate buckling equations
Sandwich plate design
Design of ships composite structures by using rules


Centre for Marine Technology and Engineering 3
Laminate analysis. Unified HSDT


f(z)
). , ( ) , , (
, ) ( ) , ( ) , , (
, ) ( ) , ( ) , , (
*
*
y x w z y x w
z f
y
w
S y z y x v z y x v
z f
x
w
S y z y x u z y x u
y y
x x
=
+
(

c
c
+ =
+
(

c
c
+ =
u u
u u
). , ( ) , , (
, ) ( ) ( ) , ( ) , , (
, ) ( ) ( ) , ( ) , , (
y x w z y x w
z f z g z y x v z y x v
z f z g z y x u z y x u
y y y
x x x
=
+ + + =
+ + + =
u o |
u o |
(b)
(a)
function odd z f
function even z g

) (
) (
HSDT z f and S
FSDT z z f and S
CPT z f and S
=
= =
= =
) ( 1
) ( 0
0 ) ( 1
The five unknown displacement functions of the middle surface of the panel need to be
calculated. How?


Centre for Marine Technology and Engineering 4
Laminate analysis. Steps for the validation of the theory

,
,

.
Displacement field.
Elasticity theory to get strains.
Law of Hook to get stresses.
The principle of virtual work and the variational theory to get,
A set of differential equations that govern the plate and finally,
Solve it with an appropriated solution (closed-form).
D
u
v
w
u
v
w

xx

yy

xx

xx

yy

yy

N, M, P,...
U
1
2

T
dv
V

W qdwdW
W

U- W 0

u : De1
v : De2
w: De3

1
: De4

2
: De5
u U
mn
C S
n1

m1

v V
mn
S C
n1

m1

E L T
A
S

Centre for Marine Technology and Engineering 5
Laminate analysis. Step (E)

,
,

.
Elasticity theory.
...
...
...
...
... ) (
2
1
... ) (
2
1
2
2
+
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
=
+
c
c
+
c
c
=
+
c
c
+
c
c
=
+
c
c
=
+
c
c
+
c
c
=
+
c
c
+
c
c
=
y
w
x
w
y
u
x
v
x
w
z
u
y
w
z
v
z
w
y
w
y
v
x
w
x
u
xy
xz
yz
zz
yy
xx

c
c
c
x
w
z
u
y
w
z
v
y
u
x
v
y
v
x
u
xz
yz
xy
yy
xx
c
c
+
c
c
=
c
c
+
c
c
=
c
c
+
c
c
=
c
c
=
c
c
=

c
c
Non-linear
Linear

Centre for Marine Technology and Engineering 6
Laminate analysis. Step (E)

,
,

.
Strains

xx

yy

xy

xz

yz

0
xx

0
yy

0
xy

0
xz

0
yz

xx
0
+ z

1
xx

1
yy

1
xy
0
0

xx
1
+ f (z)

2
xx

2
yy

2
xy
0
0

+ f '(z)
0
0
0

3
xz

3
yz

xy
yy
xx
xx
xy
yy
xx
xx
xy
yy
xx
xy
yy
xx
z f z
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
) (

c
c
c

c
c
c

c
c

c
c
)
`

+
)
`

=
)
`

yz
xz
yz
xz
yz
xz
z f
3
3
0
0
) ( '

Bending Shear

Centre for Marine Technology and Engineering 7
Laminate analysis. Step (E)

,
,

.

c
c
+
c
c
c
c
c
c
+

c c
c

c
c
+
c
c
c
c

c
c
c
c

c
c
+

c
c
+
c
c
c
c
c
c
=

x y
y
x
z f
y x
w
S
x y
y
y
w
S
y
y
x
w
S
x
y
z
x
v
y
u
y
v
x
u
xx xx
xy
yy
xx
2 1
2
1
1
2
2 1
*
2
2
2
*
2
2
1
*
0
) (
2 ) (
u u
u
u
c
u u
u
u
c

c
c
)
`

c
c
+
c
c
+
=
)
`

2
1
2
*
1
*
) ( '
) 1 (
) 1 (
u
u
u
u

z f
y
w
S y
x
w
S y
yz
xz
Bending
Shear

Centre for Marine Technology and Engineering 8
Laminate analysis. Step (L)

,
,

.
Stresses
u
2
x
1
y
1
2
o
yx
o
xy
o
xx
o
yy
o
o
1
1
u
u
2
2
o
xy
o
o
yx
o
xx
yy
o
2
1
o
o
1
1
u
2
x
1
y
o
xx
o
2
1
1
2
1
1
o
u
o
2
2
2
2
o o
x
1
y
2
o
yy
xx
o
x
xy
o
(A)
o
1
1
o
xx
o
2
1
1
2
1
1
o
u
o
2
2
2
2
o o
x
1
y
2
o
yy
o
yy
yx
o
xx
o
x
xy
o
y
(B1)
(B2)

Centre for Marine Technology and Engineering 9
Laminate analysis. Step (L)

,
,

.
Stresses
y
o
yy
u
2
x
1
yx
o
xy
o
xx
o
u
u
xy
o
o
yx
o
xx
21
o
yy
o
o
o
xx
u
yx
yy
o
o
xy
o
u
o xy
xx
yx
o
o
yy
2
2
o
o
2
1
1
1
o
o
1
2
12
o
11
o
o
11
u
2
x
1
y
o
xx
o
21
12
11
o
u
o
22
22
o o
x
1
y
2
o
yy
o
yy
yx
o
xx
o
x
xy
o
y
22
o
(A) (B1)
(B2)
(C) (D)
u
2
x
1
y
1
2
o
yx
o
xy
o
xx
o
yy
o
o
1
1
u
u
2
2
o
xy
o
o
yx
o
xx
yy
o
2
1
o
2
1
xx
o
o
yx
o
u
o
yy
2
2
o
xy
yx
o
u
1
1
o
o
1
2
o
o
yy
o
o xy
xx
o
1
1
u
2
x
1
y
o
xx
o
2
1
1
2
1
1
o
u
o
2
2
2
2
o o
x
1
y
2
o
yy
o
yy
yx
o
xx
o
x
xy
o
y
(A) (B1)
(B2)
(C)
(D)

Centre for Marine Technology and Engineering 10
Laminate analysis. Step (L)

,
,

.
From (D):
u
yy
o
o
1
2
o
1
1
o
xyo
o
xx
yx
A
A Acosu
sinu
u
yy
o
2
2
o
yx
o
xy
xx
o
o
2
1
o
B
Bcos
Bsinu
u

(
(
(

xy
yy
xx
t
o
o
u u u u u u
u u u u
u u u u
t
o
o
2 2
2 2
2 2
12
22
11
sin cos cos sin cos sin
cos sin 2 cos sin
cos sin 2 sin cos
)
`

=
)
`

yz
xz
t
t
u u
u u
t
t
cos sin
sin cos
23
13
Tb
Ts
How you get Ts?

Centre for Marine Technology and Engineering 11
Laminate analysis. Step (L)

,
,

.
Stresses

(
(
(

12
22
11
2 2
2 2
2 2
sin cos cos sin cos sin
cos sin 2 cos sin
cos sin 2 sin cos
t
o
o
u u u u u u
u u u u
u u u u
t
o
o
xy
yy
xx
)
`

=
)
`

23
13
cos sin
sin cos
t
t
u u
u u
t
t
yz
xz
1
1
o
2
2
o
2
2
o
2
o
2
1
1
2
o
1
1
1
o
y
x
u

(
(
(

xy
yy
xx
t
o
o
u u u u u u
u u u u
u u u u
t
o
o
2 2
2 2
2 2
12
22
11
sin cos cos sin cos sin
cos sin 2 cos sin
cos sin 2 sin cos
)
`

=
)
`

yz
xz
t
t
u u
u u
t
t
cos sin
sin cos
23
13
-u
Tb
Ts
Tb
Ts
-I
-I

Centre for Marine Technology and Engineering 12
Laminate analysis. Step (L)

,
,

.
Similarly:

11

22

12

cos
2
sin
2
2sin cos
sin
2
cos
2
2sin cos
sin cos sin cos cos
2
sin
2

xx

yy

xy

13

23

cos sin
sin cos

xz

yz

Tb
Ts

11

22

12

cos
2
sin
2
sin cos
sin
2
cos
2
sin cos
2sin cos 2sin cos cos
2
sin
2

xx

yy

xy

Tb

13

23

cos sin
sin cos

xz

yz

Ts
xy xy
xz xz
yz yz
c
c
c
2
2
2
=
=
=
12 12
13 13
23 23
2
2
2
c
c
c
=
=
=

Centre for Marine Technology and Engineering 13
Laminate analysis. Steps (L)

,
,

.
Transformation matrix

(
(
(
(
(
(

yx
xz
xy
yy
xx
yz
xz
xy
yy
xx
Q Q
Q Q
Q Q Q
Q Q Q
Q Q Q

c
c
t
t
t
o
o
44 45
54 55
66 26 16
26 22 12
16 12 11
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0

(
(
(
(
(
(

23
13
12
22
11
44 45
54 55
66 62 61
26 22 21
16 12 11
23
13
12
22
11
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0

c
c
t
t
t
o
o
Q Q
Q Q
Q Q Q
Q Q Q
Q Q Q
(
(
(
(
(
(

=
u u
u u
u u u u u u
u u u u
u u u u
o
cos sin 0 0 0
sin cos 0 0 0
0 0 sin cos cos sin cos sin
0 0 cos sin 2 cos sin
0 0 cos sin 2 sin cos
2 2
2 2
2 2
T
(
(
(
(
(
(

=
u u
u u
u u u u u u
u u u u
u u u u
c
cos sin 0 0 0
sin cos 0 0 0
0 0 sin cos cos sin 2 cos sin 2
0 0 cos sin cos sin
0 0 cos sin sin cos
2 2
2 2
2 2
T

Centre for Marine Technology and Engineering 14
Laminate analysis. Steps (L)

,
,

.

(
(
(
(
(
(

yx
xz
xy
yy
xx
yz
xz
xy
yy
xx
Q Q
Q Q
Q Q Q
Q Q Q
Q Q Q

c
c
t
t
t
o
o
44 45
54 55
66 26 16
26 22 12
16 12 11
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0

(
(
(
(
(
(

23
13
12
22
11
44 45
54 55
66 62 61
26 22 21
16 12 11
23
13
12
22
11
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0

c
c
t
t
t
o
o
Q Q
Q Q
Q Q Q
Q Q Q
Q Q Q
) 6 ,..., 2 , 1 , ( = = j i Q
j ij i
c o
c o
c o
T Q T
ij
=
c o
ij
Q =
c o
c o
T Q T
ij
1
=

Centre for Marine Technology and Engineering 15
Laminate analysis. Step (T)

,
,

.
| |
(
(

+ + + + + =
} }
O
2 /
2 /
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
0
h
h
xy
k
xy xz
k
xz yz
k
yz zz
k
zz yy
k
yy xx
k
xx
dz dy dx oc o oc o oc o oc o oc o oc o
(

}
O
dxdy w qo
+ + + + + + + + + =
}
O
3
4
0
4
4
3
2
2
1
2
0
2
2
1
1
1
0
1
( 0
yz yz zz yy yy yy xx xx xx
Q N R P M N P M N oc oc oc oc oc oc oc oc oc
dxdy w q P M N K Q N K
xy xy xy xz xz xz yz
)
2
6
1
6
0
6
4
5
3
5
0
5
4
4
o oc oc oc oc oc oc oc + + + + + +