Figure 1.74 Rigid bar connected by springs.

1.18. The static equilibrium position of a massless rigid bar, hinged at point O and connected with springs k1 and k2, is shown in Fig. 1.74. Assuming that the displacement (x) resulting from the application of a force F at point A is small, find the equivalent spring constant of the system, ke, that relates the applied force F to the displacement x as F = kex.

1.52. A simplified model of a petroleum pump is shown in Fig. 1.99, where the rotary motion of the crank is converted to the reciprocating motion of the piston. Find the equivalent mass, meq, of the system at location A.

1.53. Find the equivalent mass of the system shown in Fig. 1.100.

1.55. Find a single equivalent damping constant for the following cases: a. When three dampers are parallel. b. When three dampers are in series. c. When three dampers are connected to a rigid bar (Fig. 1.102) and the equivalent damper is at site c1.

1.73. A massless bar of length 1 m is pivoted at one end and subjected to a force F at the other end. Two translational dampers, with damping constant c1 = 10 N-s/m and c2 = 15 N-s/m are connected to the bar as shown in Fig. 1.109. Determine the equivalent damping constant, ceq, of the system so that the force F at point A can be expressed as F = ceqv, where v is the linear velocity of point A.

1.82. A machine is subjected to the motion x(t) = Acos(50t + ) mm. The initial conditions are given by x(0) = 3 mm and (0) = 1.0 m/s. a. Find the constants A and . b. Express the motion in the form x(t) = A1cos t + A2sin t, and identify the constants A1 and A2. 1.89. Find the maximum and minimum amplitudes of the combined motion x(t) = x1(t) + x2(t) when x1(t) = 3sin 30t and x2(t) = 3sin 29t. Also find the frequency of beats corresponding to x(t).

1.108. The impact force created by a forging hammer can be modeled as shown in Fig. 1.114. Determine the Fourier series expansion of the impact force.

1.110. Find the Fourier series expansion of the periodic function shown in Fig. 1.116. Also plot the corresponding frequency spectrum.

1.123. A slider-crank mechanism is shown in Fig. 1.120. Derive an expression for the motion of the piston P in terms of the crank length r, the connecting-rod length l, and the constant angular velocity of the crank . a. Discuss the feasibility of using the mechanism for the generation of harmonic motion. b. Find the value of l/r for which the amplitude of every higher harmonic is smaller than that of the first harmonic by a factor of at least 25.

1.124. The vibration table shown in fig. 1.121 is used to test certain electronic components for vibration. It consists of two identical mating gears G1 and G2 that rotate about the axes O1 and O2 attached to the frame F. Two equal masses, m each, are placed symmetrically about the middle vertical axis as shown in Fig. 1.121. During rotation, an unbalanced vertical force of magnitude P = 2m2r cos , where = t and = angular velocity of gears, will be developed, causing the table to vibrate. Design a vibration table that can develop a force in the range 0 100 N over a frequency range 25 50 Hz.