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12/7/2012 Exerccios resolvidos, desigualdades modulares.

Tags: Clculo, Pr-Clculo Diferencial e Integral, Introduo, Intervalos, Mdulo, Inequaes, Modular, Nmeros Reais, CDI-1, Desigualdades, propriedades, Passo-a-passo, Exerccios, Demonstrados, Demonstraes, Demonstrao.

Calculo A Funes, Limite, Derivao, Noes de integrao (5 Edio, revista e ampliada) Diva Marlia Flemming, Mirian Buss Gonalves

(Nmeros reais, pg. 15) 1.6 Exerccios. (Inequaes, desigualdades modulares, nmeros Reais) 3. Resolver as inequaes em R. i ) Exerccios resolvidos. a c f
h i j
a L Lx a L Lx

ii ) Exerccios propostos.
b d
a a a a

a L M L5 @ 6xM

+ 12M< 7 9 + 4ML2x @ 6M
M L M

| 3x @ 4 | 2 | 2x @ 5 | > 3 | 6 + 2x | < | 4 @ x | | 3x | > | 5 @ 2x |

e g

a L M L Lx @ 1 M+Lx a

L M M a L @ 2 x f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f 1 f f f L7 M L M L 5 + 3x M 2

o
p

a L L 2 L2x + a
a

1<Lx + 2M< 4

| x @ 1 | + | x @ 3 | < | 4x |

M 3 3x + 3M

+ 2M 4
M

L M M a L + x f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f L2 M M k L L3 @ xM> 4

L M L M M M a L 5 1 f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f L f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f Lf M Lf M L M L M l L 2x @ 1M Lx @ 2M

m n

L M L M + 1 2 a Lx M @ f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f M r L <1 L M Lx + 1+ 2M

1 f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f 1 f f f L M L M Lx + 1 M Lx @ 3M 5

L M M a L @ 2 x f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f L3 M M s L L 1 + x M 4

|x | + 1<x
L

3Lx @ 1M+L x M< 1

M L M

* Os exerccios sero resolvidos atravs da definio de mdulo, servindo assim de exemplo para qualquer outra desigualdade modular, entretanto o estudante deve ter conhecimento das propriedades de mdulo, e utiliza-las quando achar conveniente. Legenda
Intervalo aberto / ponto de descontinuidade, notao (x, x) ou ]x, x[ Intervalo fechado / ponto de continuidade, notao [x, x] Intervalo considerado F V Falso Verdadeiro

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i ) Solues
aL M a Lx + 12M< 7

| x + 12 |

x + 12 0 x @ 12 x + 12 se x @ 12 ` a @ x + 12 se x < @ 12
-12 x + 12

| x + 12 | =

(x + 12)

i ) x < 12

ii ) x -12

@ x + 12 < 7 @ x @ 12 < 7 x + 12 > @ 7 x > @ 19 S i = @ 19, @ 12

b c

x + 12 < 7 x <@5 S ii = @ 12, @ 5

B c

19
Si Sii S

12

S = S i S S ii = @ 19, @ 5

aL M c L5 @ 6xM 9

| 5 @ 6x | ^ ^ ^
^ ^ Z

X ^ ^ 5 @ 6x ^ ^ ^ \ @ 6x X ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ \

0 @5 5 f f f x 6

5 f f f 6 | 5 @ 6x | = ^ ` a 5 ^ f f f ^ ^ ^ Z@ 5 @ 6x se x > 6 5 @ 6x se x

5 f f f 6
5 6x (5 6x)

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a 5f f i x< f 0,833 6

ii x
`

5 @ 6x 9 @ 6x 4 6x @ 4 4f f f 2 f f x @ f =@ f @ 0,666 6 3 f G 2f f S i = @1 , @ f 3

@ 5 @ 6x 9 @ 5 + 6x 9 6x 14 14 f f f f f f f 7 f f f f x = 2,333 6 3 g F 7 f f f f ,+1 S ii = 3

5 f f f 6
a

2f f @ f 3
Si Sii S

5 f f f 6

7 f f f f 3

G F7 2 f f f f f f f S = S i S S ii = @ 1 , @ S , + 1 3 3

|x + 4|

aL M L M f Lx + 4ML2x @ 6M
T

x+40 x @4 x + 4 se x @ 4 ` a @ x + 4 se x < @ 4

|x + 4|=

| 2x @ 6 | ^ Z | 2x @ 6 | =

X ^ \2x @ 6 V

0 2x 6 x3

2x @ 6 se x 3 a @ 2x @ 6 se x < 3
`

4 (x + 4) (2x 6)
a

3 x+4 (2x 6)
a

x+4 2x 6 ii @ 4 x < 3 ` a x + 4 @ 2x @ 6 x + 4 @ 2x + 6 3x 2 2 f f f x 0,666 3 2 f f f S ii = @ 4, 3

F g

i x <@4 ` a ` a @ x + 4 @ 2x @ 6 @ x @ 4 @ 2x + 6 x 10 S i = @1 , @ 4
b c

iii x 3 x + 4 2x @ 6 0 x @ 10 x 10 S iii = 10, + 1

B c

4
Si Sii Siii S

2 f f f 3

10 S = S i S S ii S S iii = @ 1 ,
f B c 2 f f f S 10, + 1 3 g

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C 5 + 3x 0

L M M aL @ 2 x f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f 1 f f f L7 M L M L 5 + 3x M 2

5f f x @ f @ 1,667 3 2 | 7 @ 2x | 1 |5 + 3x | |14 @ 4x | | 5 + 3x |
X ^ 14 @ 4x ^ ^ ^ ^ \ @ 4x ^ ^ Z X ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ \

|14 @ 4x | ^ ^ ^

0 @ 14 14 f f f f f f 7 f f f x f = f = 3,5 4 2

| 5 + 3x | ^ ^ Z

X ^ ^ \5 + X ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ \

3x 0 5f f x @ f 3
5 + 3x se x @

7 f f f f 14 @ 4x se x 2 | 14 @ 4x | = ^ ` a 7 ^ f f f f ^ ^ ^ Z@ 14 @ 4x se x > 2

5 f f f 3 | 5 + 3x | = ^ ` a 5 ^ f f f ^ ^ ^ Z@ 5 + 3x se x < @ 3

5f f @ f 3
14 4x (5 + 3x) 14 4x 5 + 3x

7 f f f f 2
(14 4x) 5 + 3x

14 @ 4x @ 5 + 3x 14 @ 4x @ 5 @ 3x 19 x ou x 19 Si =

5f f x @ f 3
` a

ii

14 @ 4x 5 + 3x 9 7x 9f f f x f 1,286 7 S ii =
F 9 G f f f f7 f f f f

5f 7f f f f @ f <x f 3 2

iii x >
`

@ 14 @ 4x 5 + 3x @ 14 + 4x 5 + 3x @ 19 + x 0 x 19 S iii =
f G 7 f f f f , 19 2

7 f f f f 2
a

, 7 2

9 f f f f 7
Sii Siii S

7 f f f f 2

19 S = S i S S ii S S iii =
F9 f f f f

, 19

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aL M L M i Lx @ 1M+Lx + 2M 4

|x @ 1| = ^

X ^ ^ x @1 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ x \

0 1

^ ^ ^ x @1 ^ ^ a ^ ^ Z `

se x 1 @ x @ 1 se x < 1

| x + 2 | =^

X ^ ^ x ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ \

+20 x @2

^ ^ ^ x ^ ^ ^ ^ Z `

+ 2a se x @ 2 @ x + 2 se x < @ 2

-2 ( x 1) ( x + 2) ( x 1) x+2

1 x1 x+2

x @2
a B ` aC

ii

@ x @1 + @ x + 2 4 @x + 1@x @2 4 @ 2x @ 5 0 2x + 5 0 5 f f f x @ 2 S i = @1 , @
f G 5 f f f 2

@ x @1 + x + 2 4 @x + 1 + x + 2 4 0+34 S ii =

@2<x 1
a ` a

iii
`

x @1 + x + 2 4 2x @ 3 0 3f f x f 2
F 5 f f f

x >1
a ` a

S iii =

, +1

G F3 5 f f f f f f S = S i S S ii S S iii = @ 1 , @ S , + 1 2 2

1<Lx + 2M< 4

| x + 2 | =^

X ^ ^ x+20 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ x @2 \

i x @2

1< x + 2< 4 @ 1< x < 2 S i = @ 1, 2

b c

^ ^ ^ x + 2a se x @ 2 ^ ^ ^ ^ Z `

@ x+2

se x < @ 2

ii x < @ 2 1< @ x + 2 < 4 3< @ x < 6 @ 3> x > @ 6 S ii = @ 6, @ 3

b c ` a

S = S i S S ii = @ 6, @ 3 S @ 1, 2

c b

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M aL 2 M L2x + 3x + 3M 3 o L

| 2x 2 + 3x + 3 | = ?

2x 2 + 3x + 3 0 ? 3=0 2x 2 + 3x + w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w 2 q p @ 3 F 3 @ 4.2 A 3 a 3 F @ 15 f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f @ f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f` x= = < 0 2.2 4 S =

+ x | 2x + 3x + 3 = 0 , logo | 2x + 3x + 3 | = 2x + 3x + 3 8 x 2 R Isto , 9

Com isso basta resolver a seguinte desigualdade: 2x 2 + 3x + 3 3 2x 2 + 3x 0 ? ` a f x = 2x 2 + 3x = 0

2

Grfico da funo f (x):

q3 @ 4.2 A 0 @ 3 F 3 F 3 f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f @ f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f = x= 2.2 4 3 f f f x. = 0 x. =@ 2

w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w

Visualizando o grfico da funo obtemos a resposta para a desigualdade 2x + 3x 0 .

F 3f f G S= @ f ,0 2

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| x @ 1 | + | x @ 3 | < | 4x |
X ^ ^ x @1 ^ ^ ^ \

0 [ x1 se x 1 se x < 1

| x @ 1 | =^

x @1 ^ ^ ^ ^ Z @ ` x @ 1a
X ^ 4x ^ ^ ^ \ ^ ^ ^ Z

| x @ 3 | =^

X ^ ^ x @3 ^ ^ ^ \

0 [ x3 se x 3 se x < 3

x @3 ^ ^ ^ ^ Z @ ` x @ 3a

0 [ x0

|4x | = ^

4x se x 0 @ 4x se x < 0

0 (x 1) (x 3) 4x
a

1 (x 1) (x 3) 4x x1 (x 3) 4x
a

3 x1 x3 4x

i x0 @ x @ 1 + @ x @ 3 < @ 4x @ 2x + 4< @ 4x 4< @ 2x @ 4>2x 4 f f f f x< @ = @ 2 2 Si = @1 , @ 2

iii 1< x 3 x @ 1 + @ x @ 3 < 4x 0 + 2< 4x 2f f f 1 f f x> f = f 4 2
B ` aC a

ii 0 < x 1
a B ` aC

@ x @ 1 + @ x @ 3 < 4x @ 2x + 4 < 4x 4< 6x

a B `

aC

x>

4 f f f f 2 f f f = 0,667 6 3
f

2f fG S ii = f ,1 3
iv x > 3 ` a x @ 1 + x @ 3 < 4x 2x @ 4 < 4 x @ 4 < 2x @ 2< x S iv = 3, + 1
b c a

S iii = 1 , 3

S = S i S S ii S S iii S S iv =

g b c f2 f f f = @1 , @ 2 S , + 1

c f2 G b C b c f f @1 , @ 2 S f ,1 S 1,3 S 3, +1

3 3

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a f 1 f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f 1 f f f M L M q L Lx + 1 M Lx @ 3M 5

C x +10 x @1
`

x @3 0 x 3

|x + 1| |x @3| 5 a` a | x + 1 x @3 | 5 | x 2 @ 2x @ 3 | = ?

| x 2 @ 2x @ 3 | 5

x 2 @ 2x @ 3 0 ? x 2 @ 2x @ 3 = 0 w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w ` a q 4 @ 4.1 A @ 3 2 F F 4 f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f 2 f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f x= = 2 2 x. = 3 , x. =@ 1 Observando o grfico podemos definir o mdulo: x 2 @ 2x @ 3 se x @ 1 e x 3 c | x @ 2x @ 3 | = ^ Z@ x 2 @ 2x @ 3 se @ 1 < x < 3

2

X ^ \

-1 x 2x 3
a

3 (x 2x 3) x 2x 3

i x <@1 e x >3 x 2 @ 2x @ 3 5 x 2 @ 2x @ 8 0 ? x 2 @ 2x @ 8 = 0 w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w ` a q 4 @ 4.1 A @ 8 2 F F 6 f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f 2 f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f x= = 2 2 x. = 4 , x. =@ 2

-2 -1 3 4

Si

Si = @2 , @ 1 S 3 , 4

c b

Continua...

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ii @ 1< x < 3
@ x 2 @ 2x @ 3 5 @ x 2 + 2x @ 2 0 ? x 2 @ 2x + 2 0 ? 2x + 2 = 0 x 2 @w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w p p 2 F 4 @ 4.1 A 2 F @ 4 f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f 2 f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f x= = 2 2 S = b c S ii = @ 1 , 3
-2
Si Sii S

Como a funo positiva para todo x , a soluo o prprio intevarlo dado.

3 4

-1

S = S i S S ii = @ 2, @ 1 S 3,4 S @ 1,3 = @ 2,4 @ @ 1,3

B B C c b P Q c b

= @ 2, @ 1 S @ 1,3 S 3,4

c b

C b

A ltima soluo, diz que a soluo o intervalo de -2 at 4, com exceo dos elementos -1 e 3 .

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10

C x+

L M L M + 1 2 aLx M @ f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f L M L M< 1 Lx + 1+ 2M

1 f f f 0 2

1f f x @ f 2 1 1 f f f f f f |x @ |< |x + | 2 2 1 1 f f f f f f |x @ |@|x + |<0 2 2

X ^ ^ 1f 1f f f ^ ^ ^ x@ f 0 [ x f ^ ^ ^ 2 2 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ \ 1f 1f 1f f f f |x @ f |= x@ f se x f 2 ^ ^ 2 2 ^ ^ ^ ^ f g ^ ^ ^ 1 1f f f f f ^ ^ ^ @ x @ se x < f ^ ^ Z 2 2 X ^ ^ 1f 1f f f ^ ^ ^ x+ f 0 [ x @ f ^ ^ ^ 2 2 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ \ 1f 1f 1f f f f |x + f |= x+ f se x @ f 2 ^ ^ 2 2 ^ ^ ^ ^ f g ^ ^ ^ 1 1f f f f f ^ ^ ^ @ x + se x < @ f ^ ^ Z 2 2

1f f @ f 2

1 f f f 2
x 1/2 x + 1/2

( x 1/2) ( x + 1/2)

( x 1/2) x + 1/2

i x @
f

1 1 f f f f f f @ x @ @J@ x + K< 0 2 2 Si =

1 f f f 2
g

I g

a 1f 1f f f ii @ f <x f 2 2 f g f

iii x >
g

1 f f f 2
f g

0 + 1<0 F

1f 1f f f @ x@ f @ x+ f <0 2 2 @ 2x + 0 < 0 2x >0 [ x > 0

G 1f f S ii = 0, f 2 f

1 1 f f f f f f x@ @ x+ <0 2 2 0@1<0 V 1 f f f S iii = , + 1 2

f g

b c G 1 1 f f f f f f S = S i S S ii S S iii = 0 , S , + 1 = 0, + 1 2 2

Quando ocorre uma sentena do tipo vista no item iii , dizemos que uma sentena verdadeira V , e portanto o prprio intervalo considerado a soluo da desigualdade. E quando ocorre uma sentena do tipo vista no item i , dizemos que uma sentena falsa F , e portanto no existe soluo, denotamos pelo smbolo vazio.

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11

ii ) Solues dos exerccios propostos *Propomos estes exerccios por que so facilmente resolvidos, se todos aqueles que foram demonstrados forem bem compreendidos pelo estudante. b)
F2 f f f G

,2

d ) @1 , 1 S 4, + 1
e)
f b

c b g

2 f f f @ 10, @ 3

g ) @1 , @ 5 S 1, + 1 k)
f f

c b

14 f f f f f f f PQ 2, @ 3 3
c G B 1 11 f f f f f f f f f S 3, + 1 @ 2 7 V W

l)

@1 ,

m) n) s)
f G F 1 7 f f f f f f f @1 , @ S @ , + 1 2 6 g