To visualize the importance of the study, the output in cement, sugar and power sectors in the country can

be cited. Country has an installed capacity of around 100 million tones of cement per annum distributed over 100 plants in the country. A tonne of cement costs around 2000 Rs. Similarly there are 600 sugar factories in the country accounting for an average of 6000 tonnes of sugar cane crushing per day (10% is the average recovery of sugar ) with net production of around 120 days a year. Each tonne of sugar costs around 15,000 Rs. Similarly installed power capacity is over 100,000 Mw. Each Mwh of energy can be taken ass 2500 Rs. The productivity in these three sectors for the nation gives an idea of the role of trouble free operation of rotating machines.

Normal speeds of operation

Unit

Speed in rpm

kiln cement mill air separator ID/FD fan Induction motor DC motor AC generator steam turbine IC engines Turbochargers Pumps compressors step down gearboxes

1 15-20 180-250 600-1200 1440(1720 for 60cps supply) 100-2800 3000(3600 for 60cps) 8000(for 15 MW and less) 3000or 3600(for bigger units) 300-6000 more than than 100,000rpm 500-3000 500-3000 500and below

13 m

20 m

60 m Fig 8.22 Air Separator on a 2 Storeyed building

600

16 Vanes Vertical Shaft 162 rpm

Fig 8.23 Cross section of Air Separator

Table Single plane balancing

Trial weight location displacement

0N

1mm

94N

vane1

0.8mm

94N

vane5

0.92mm

94N

vane9

1.2mm

188N

vane3

0.41mm

188N, 45N

vane3, vane8

0.48mm

188N, 45N

vane3, vane12

0.038mm

Table 3.3 Specifications of the preheater fan

fan output 468000m3/min

Power

1900kW

Speed

985 rpm

no. of blades

12

weight of impeller

3.5 tonnes

weight of shaft

3.8 tonnes

Span

4330mm

SEWING MACHINE
Exciting frequency 800 rpm. Vibration velocity 12 mm/sec in the first floor. when very heavy neoprene pads were used. Machine weighted 2.5 tonnes

When Gerb isolators of stiffness 800N/mm (four of them) were used, the frequency ratio (ratoo of exciting frequency to natural frequency)went up to 2.5. Then the resulting velocity of vibration came down to 1mm/sec

SEWING MACHINE
Exciting frequency 800 rpm. Vibration velocity 12 mm/sec in the first floor.when very heavy neoprene pads were used. Machine weighted 2.5 tonnes When Gerb isolators of stiffness 800N/mm (four of them) were used, the frequency ratio went upto 2.5. Then the resulting velocity of vibration came down to 1mm/sec.