From Pulpit to Protest: Ohios Lane Rebels PRIMARY SOURCES

Abby White and Marcia Brown

A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774-1875. American Memory, The Library of Congress. Approved, 4 March, 1820. Web. 3 May, 2013. We used this source to directly read the Missouri Compromise and understand the implications behind it. A statement of the reasons which induced the students of Lane Seminary, to dissolve their connection with that institution. Cincinnati: n.p., 1834. Print. We used this primary source to attain students perspectives on the Lane debates and their subsequent expulsion. Additionally, quotes from it will be used in our website and we will have a link to an original copy of the document. Allen, Darcia Howe. The life and services of Rev. Lyman Beecher, as president and professor of theology in Lane Seminary. A commemorative discourse delivered at the anniversary, May 7th, 1863, by Rev. D. Howe Allen. Cincinnati: Johnson, Stephens & Co., 1863. Print. This primary source gave us information about the foundation of the Lane Theological Seminary and Reverend Lyman Beechers tenure there. Using this information, we can better convey the background of the Lane debates to the readers. An Act to Prohibit the Importation of Slaves into any Port of Place Within the Jurisdiction of the United States, From and After the First Day of January, in the

From Pulpit to Protest: Ohios Lane Rebels

Abby White and Marcia Brown

Year of our Lord One Thousand Eight Hundred and Eight. The Avalon Project, Yale Law School. Lillian Goldman Law Library, approved 2 March, 1807. We used this document from the time for quotes to describe the progress of the slavery institution as the use of slaves became more integral to the functions and advancement of the country. Bradley, James. Brief Account of an Emancipated Slave written by Himself, at the Request of the Editor. The Oasis, June 1834. Web. 4 December 2012. This article is the autobiography of James Bradley, the only African American Lane rebel. We used it to write our case study (i.e. biography) about Bradley; several quotes were taken from this article and interspersed with our own text.. Finney, Charles. To Theodore Dwight Weld. 21 July, 1836. Letters of Theodore Dwight Weld, Angelina Grimk Weld, and Sarah Grimk. Ed. Gilbert H Barnes and Dwight L. Dumond. Gloucester: Peter Smith, 1965. Letter of Charles G. Finney. The Gospel Truth. Web. 4. Dec. 2012. This source helped clarify how outside influences and other strong personalities in the abolitionist cause had a profound effect on Weld. We used this information for our case study on Weld. The First Annual Report of the American Society for Colonizing the Free People of Color, of the United States; and the Proceedings of the Society at their Annual Meeting in the City of Washington, on the First Day of January, 1818. Washington, D.C.: D. Rapine, Capitol Hill, 1818. Print.

From Pulpit to Protest: Ohios Lane Rebels

Abby White and Marcia Brown

This documents the proceedings of the American Colonization Societys first meeting, detailing its constitution, mission and motives. We used this document to better understand the American Colonization Society and its members, particularly in comparison to the American Anti-Slavery Society. We also used a quote from this document to illustrate the organizations fear of free blacks in a more impactful way. Additionally, we embedded this document into our website so that if viewers/readers wish, they can read the Societys entire, in-depth report, which offers information about the organization that they might find valuable and interesting. Fugitive Slave Act of 1793. Department of Natural Resources. Michigan.gov: n.d. Web. 3 May, 2013. This primary source gave the exact outlines of what being a fugitive slave really entailed and how it was a tempting-fate time in the slaves life, attempting to get away. Garrison, William Lloyd. Declaration of the National Anti-Slavery Convention. Philadelphia: s.n., 1833. Print. To understand the goals and argument of the American Anti-Slavery Society, we read their declaration. This allowed us to contrast them with the American Colonization Society. Also, we used a quote from this source to illustrate the Societys purpose and indignation at slaves plight; we believe that this quote is more effective and visually interesting than what we would have written on the subject.

From Pulpit to Protest: Ohios Lane Rebels

Abby White and Marcia Brown

Lyman, Huntington. Lane Seminary Rebels. The Oberlin Jubilee. Ed. W.G. Ballantine. Oberlin: Oberlin College, 1883. 60-69. Print. Huntington Lyman was one of the Lane rebels; this is his first-hand account of the event. We used this source to learn about how students prepared for the debates and their mindset regarding slavery before the debates; then, Theodore Weld and his influence on the debates; and finally, the students changed opinions at the conclusion of the debates. We used a quote from this source to describe students preparation for the debates. Marius Racine Robinson papers, 1830-1897. (MS. 1660, Box 1, File 4.) Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, OH. These papers include newspaper clippings on antislavery matters, giving us a portrait of the abolitionist/political climate at the time. Some of the clippings are by James A. Thome, a Lane rebel on whom we wrote a case study. Of Servants and Slaves in Virginia. Of Servants and Slaves in Virginia Beverly, Robert. and Virginia. An Act Concerning Servants and Slaves, October 1705, excerpts. National Humanities Center: n.d. Web. 3 May 2013. We used this source partly for the picture but also for quotes to add to our timeline. Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery; Pennsylvania General Assembly. The constitution of the Pennsylvania Society, for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery, and the Relief of Free Negroes, Unlawfully Held in

From Pulpit to Protest: Ohios Lane Rebels

Abby White and Marcia Brown

Bondage: begun in the year 177, and enlarged on the twenty-third of April, 1787 : to which are added, the acts of the General Assembly of Pennsylvania, for the gradual abolition of slavery (1788). Library of Congress, n.d. Web. 3 May, 2013. This source was very helpful for finding quotes of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society Constitution in 1775 and for its pictures of the coverRankin, John. A Review of the statement of the faculty of Lane Seminary, in relation to the recent difficulties in that institution. Ripley: Published by the author, 1835. Print. We used this primary source to learn the facultys point of view about the Lane debates, in order to present a full, unbiased view of the event. Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. Eighty Years And More: Reminiscences 1815-1897. New York: T. Fisher Unwin, 1898. Print. This book contained a good picture of Elizabeth Cady Stantons husband, Henry Stanton, a Lane Rebel. We used the image in our slideshow of Lane Rebels. Stanton, H.B., James A. Thome, and Samuel H. Cox. Debate at the Lane Seminary, CincinnatiSpeech of James A. Thome, of Kentucky Delivered at the Annual Meeting of the American Anti-Slavery Society, May 6, 1834Letter of the Rev. Dr. Samuel H. Cox, Against the American Colonization Society. Boston: Garrison & Knapp, 1834. Print. We took quotes from this speech by James A. Thome for our case study on him, and to support our page on the Lane debates themselves. H.B. Stanton, who wrote

From Pulpit to Protest: Ohios Lane Rebels

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the introduction, also quoted James Bradleyquotes that we used in our case study on Bradley. Stowe, Harriet Beecher. Uncle Toms Cabin. Cleveland: Jewett, Proctor & Worthing, 1852. Print. We felt that we should read this because of its historical significance in the abolitionist movement. Furthermore, Stowes father, Reverend Lyman Beecher, was president of Lane Seminary at the time of the debates, and Stowe herself was influenced by the debates verdicts and the abolitionist who took part in the discussions. We will mention the book on our website and use a quote from it. Weld, Theodore Dwight. American Slavery As It Is. New York: The American AntiSlavery Society, Office. 1839. Documenting the American South: Electronic Edition. 2000. Web. 4 Dec. 2012. We read this primary document to understand Welds abolitionist views in his own words. We used the insight gathered from this document to write our case study on Weld. Additionally, in this document, Weld uses a first-hand testimony of slaverys horrors from William T. Allan, one of the Lane rebels. We quoted this testimony to describe Allans role in the Lane debates to go along with a picture in one of our slideshows. Weld, Theodore Dwight. An Appeal on Behalf of the Oberlin Institute In Aid of the Abolition of Slavery, In the United States of America. 1839.

From Pulpit to Protest: Ohios Lane Rebels

Abby White and Marcia Brown

In this source, we learned more about the Lane Rebel cause and how and why the Rebels fled Lane Seminary for Oberlin College once the debates ended. Weld, Theodore Dwight. The Bible Against Slavery. New York: The American AntiSlavery Society. 1838. Internet Archive; The Library of Congress: Electronic Version. n.d. Web. 4 Dec. 2012 Using this source, we understood better the theological question that Weld dealt with regarding the morality of slavery and that the Lane Rebels questioned themselves in their debates. This information was helpful in our case study of Weld and in our pages describing the debates ultimate verdicts. Weld, Theodore Dwight. Letter to Elizur Wright, Jr., Corresponding Secretary of the American Anti-Slavery Society. New York City, New York. 24, Jan. 1834. College of William and Mary, Earl Gregg Swenn Library. n.d. Web. 4, Dec. 2012. We used this letter to better our understanding of the dynamic of Welds relationship with the Anti-Slavery Society. This gave us insight into one of his specific roles in the abolitionist cause. We used this information in our case study of Weld. SECONDARY SOURCES Albright, Thomas Free. From Pulpit for the Streets: The Impact of the Second Great Awakening on Race Relations in Ohio. MA Thesis. The Ohio State University, Columbus. 2012. Print.

From Pulpit to Protest: Ohios Lane Rebels

Abby White and Marcia Brown

We used this thesis because it described the course of events in the way of a student of history, as we are attempting to do. In the Graduate Program in African American and African Studies, Albright could help us use the perspective of a mind trained in the story of African Americans in America, rigorously explaining how the students came to their conclusions and the effects this had on the situation in Cincinnati. American Colonization Society. Africans in America. PBS Online. Web. 16 December 2012. We used this page for information on the American Colonization Society. The information we used includes when the organization was founded, its mission and members motives (which we compared to those of the American Anti-Slavery Society). Dumond, Dwight Lowell. Anti-slavery: The Crusade for Freedom in America. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1961. Print. We used this book for images and biographical information about James A. Thome and other figures in the Lane debates, as well as details of the debates importance. Fletcher, Robert S. A History of Oberlin College From Its Foundation Through the Civil War. Vol. 1. Oberlin: Oberlin College, 1943. Web.

From Pulpit to Protest: Ohios Lane Rebels

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This gave an in-depth portrait of the Lane debates (chapter 13) and the journey of many Lane rebels to Oberlin after leaving the seminary (chapter 14). We used the information to write about these events on our website. Founding of Pennsylvania Abolition Society. Africans in America. Public Broadcasting Services, n.d. Web. 3 May, 2013. We used this source to help explain the history of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society in our website. Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin. The Classroom Electric. U.S. Department of Educations Fund for the Improvement of Post-Secondary Education. 2001. Web. 11 April 2013. This website confirmed that Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin was inspired by the Lane debates. Historic Timeline of Slavery and the Underground Railroad. National Underground Railroad Freedom Center, n.d. Web. 4 May 2013. We used this timeline to help make our own timeline of the events which will help the reader better understand the context and the consequences of the Lane Debates. Huntington Lyman. Resources for Studying the Lane Debates and the Oberlin Commitment to Racial Egalitarianism. Oberlin College. Web. 16 December 2012.

From Pulpit to Protest: Ohios Lane Rebels

Abby White and Marcia Brown

This biography of Huntington Lyman, one of the Lane rebels, includes a picture of him. We used this pictureas well as the information in the biographyin a slideshow of various southern participants in the Lane debates. James A. Thome. Resources for Studying the Lane Debates and the Oberlin Commitment to Racial Egalitarianism. Oberlin College. Web. 4 December 2012. We used this website for more focused, in-depth biographical information about James A. Thomes life, not just his abolitionist activities. We also used this for one of our pictures of James Thome. James Bradley. Resources for Studying the Lane Debates and the Oberlin Commitment to Racial Egalitarianism. Oberlin College. Web. 4 December 2012. We used this brief biography for concise information about the life of James Bradley. This information was used in our case study of Bradley. John Jay Shipherd (1802-1844) and Philo Penfield Stewart (1798-1868). Discover Oberlin. Oberlin College, n.d. Web. 23 December 2012. We used this site for our primary information about Stewart and additional information about Shipherd, the co-founders of Oberlin College. Additionally, we found our picture of Stewart from this page. Kornblith, Gary. Personal interview. 3 February 2013. We sought out Professor Kornblith at Oberlin College because he was an instrumental participant when the Lane debates were reenacted in 2004 (at

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From Pulpit to Protest: Ohios Lane Rebels

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Oberlin). Additionally, he is a well-known expert on antebellum racial relations. We went to Oberlin and videotaped our interview with him at his house. Lane Rebels Who Came to Oberlin. Oberlin College. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. This list contains the names and brief biographies of many of the Lane rebels, and was thus essential for our case studies on Theodore Weld, James A. Thome and James Bradley. Lautzenheiser, Matt. Rev. of The 1858 Oberlin-Wellington Rescue: A Reappraisal, by Roland M. Baumann. Northeast Ohio Journal of History Summer 2004. Web. 25 December 2012. This review, written by a historian at the Western Reserve Historical Society where we did much of our research for this projectgives succinct information about the Oberlin-Wellington Rescue. We quoted this review when we wrote about the case. Lesick, Lawrence Thomas. The Lane Rebels: Evangelism and Antislavery in Antebellum America. Metuchen, N.J. & London: The Scarecrow Press, Inc, 1980. Print. In this rare book we ordered from the Athenaeum of Ohio Maly we had a more indepth analysis of the dissent with the Trustees at the Seminar. Additionally, we also learned more about the students theological reasons for abolitionism. The book helped illuminate us on the central themes in the current context of events in the 1830s.

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From Pulpit to Protest: Ohios Lane Rebels

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McNutt, Randy. Lane Seminary propelled anti-slavery movement. Cincinnati.com Sept. 28, 2003: A Gannett Company. 3 January 2013. Web. This newspaper article described the celebration that declared the Ohio Historical Marker official. It was helpful for us to see how the Lane Rebels are remembered today as significant historical figures who altered historys course. We found a fragment of what the marker says in the article as well, which helped us to point out the Rebels significance. National Abolition Hall of Fame and Museum Theodore Dwight Weld (1803-1895). National Abolition Hall of Fame and Museum. National Hall of Fame and Museum, 2012. Web. 4 Dec.2012. We used this source for another way to look at Welds life in its entirety from his roots to his lasting impact, in addition to the bits and parts, that we had found in other sources. Neely, Ruth. Women of Ohio; a record of their achievements in the history of the state. Sponsored by the Ohio Newspaper Womens Association. Vol. 2. n.p., n.d. Print. We got biographical information about Harriet Beecher Stowe from this book. We will use this when we write about Stowes famous book, Uncle Toms Cabin, and her connection with the Lane Seminary. Beecher also found her future husband in the faculty of Lane Theological Seminary, Calvin Ellis Stowe. Newman, Richard. Personal interview. 24 January 2013.

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From Pulpit to Protest: Ohios Lane Rebels

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Professor Newman took part in a 2004 series of Lane debate reenactments, proving that he is a renowned expert on the Lane debates and the antislavery movement in the 1830s. We conducted a telephone interview with him. RG 2 - Presidents of Oberlin College. Oberlin College Archives. Oberlin College, n.d. Web. 23 December 2012. On this list of Oberlin Colleges presidents, we found Charles G. Finney and John Morgan. We included the fact that they were once presidents of Oberlin when we wrote about them. RG 2/1 Asa Mahan (1799-1889): Biography. Oberlin College Archives. Oberlin College, 2012. Web. 23 December 2012. We used this biography of Asa Mahan to better understand and write about his journey from a trustee member at Lane Seminary to becoming the first president of Oberlin College. RG 30/83 - John J. Shipherd (1802-1844): Biography. Oberlin College Archives. Oberlin College, 2012. Web. 23 December 2012. When writing about important figures in the Lane Rebels move to the newlyestablished Oberlin College, we used this biography to write about John Jay Shipherd, co-founder of Oberlin and the agent who negotiated the Lane Rebels attendance at Oberlin.

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From Pulpit to Protest: Ohios Lane Rebels

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The Slave Trade (Morland). Africans in America. Public Broadcasting Services, n.d. Web. 3 May, 2013. We used this photo in our timeline to highlight the outlawed practice of slave trading. The Underground Railroad. Africans in America. Public Broadcasting Services, n.d. Web. 3 May, 2013. We used this outline of the Underground Railroad to gain a better understanding of it. Weinstein, Cindy. The Cambridge Companion to Harriet Beecher Stowe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Print. We used this book to trace Lincolns famed anecdote about Harriet Stowe and Uncle Toms CabinSo youre the little woman who wrote the book that started this great war! This was important because we wrote about the influence of the Lane debates on the book and, in turn, the books effect on the world. William Lloyd Garrison. Africans in America. PBS. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. Garrison was an influential abolitionist campaigner whose efforts intertwined with those of the Lane rebels. Amongst other connections, he worked with the Tappan brothers, who funded the foundation of the Lane Theological Seminary, on a number of projects. Through his actions, he helped to catalyze the abolitionist movement.

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From Pulpit to Protest: Ohios Lane Rebels

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Wood, L. Maren and David Walbert. Nat Turners Rebellion. North Carolina Digital History, 2009. Web. 3 May, 2013. We used this web page to explain Nat Turners rebellion and we also used the picture on this webpage to illustrate it. MULTIMEDIA A white landowner overseeing black cotton pickers at work in Texas in the 1800s. Drawing. BBC. CBBC, 5 Nov. 2008. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. (Secondary.) We used this drawing of slaves daily toil in a slideshow on slaves lives, which can be found on our case study of James Bradley, himself a former slave. American Tract Society, The Rev. J.W. Alvord's Work in the Army. 1863. Presbyterian Historical Society, Philadelphia. Presbyterians and the Civil War: Witnesses to a Great Moral Earthquake. Web. 25 December 2012. (Primary.) This is the cover of a pamphlet released by the American Tract Society about one of their agents, John Watson Alvord, who was also a Lane Rebel. The only image we could find of Alvord was the drawing on this cover, so we cropped the portrait to use in our slideshow of Lane Rebels. Arthur Tappan. Drawing. The Liberator Files. 2012. Web. 4 Dec. 2012. (Primary.) Tappan worked closely with Theodore Weld, so we used a picture of him in Welds case study.

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Augustus Wattles. Kansas Historical Society, Topeka. Kansas Memory. Web. 25 December 2012. (Primary.) Augustus Wattles was an important Lane Rebel who we wanted to include in one of our slideshows. We used this picture of him.

Blake, M. E. [?]. Letter to Professors Monroe and Peck. September 6, 1858. (Primary.) This is a handwritten letter from Blake, whose first name was not clearly legible, to Professors Monroe and Peck. In the letter, he lets them know that he is sending five slaves their way and that his letter will serve as the slaves ticket on the Underground Railroad. We wanted to include such a unique primary document on our timeline, where we talk about the Underground Railroad. Broadside calling a mass meeting in Oberlin, Ohio to celebrate the release of the Rescuers from prison on July 7, 1859. 1859. Oberlin College, Oberlin. Oberlin College Archives. Web. 25 December 2012. (Primary.) We used this poster to go along with our paragraph about the OberlinWellington Rescue, which demonstrates the impact of the Lane Rebels on the abolitionist movement.

Burbank, J. Maze. Methodist Revival in USA 1839. 1839. New Bedford Whaling Museum, New Bedford. Whale Education History Research. Web. 13 May 2013.

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From Pulpit to Protest: Ohios Lane Rebels

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(Primary.) This colorful illustration portrayed the Second Great Awakening, managing to convey the grand scale of the religious revival. We used the image on our home page. Danhires, George. James Bradley. Statue. 1988. Cincinnati: Our History, 11 Feb. 2011. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. (Secondary.) This article included a photo of the statue of James Bradley. Since there are no historical images of him, we used this photo on his case study page. Declaration of the National Anti-Slavery Convention. 1833. Swarthmore College, Swarthmore. triptych: tri-college digital library. Web. 16 December 2012. (Primary.) This is a photograph of the American Anti-Slavery Societys actual declaration. We used this image on our website, to go along with the quote we took from it. Destroying Birneys Press. 1836. University of Virginia, Charlottesville. The Pro-Slavery Riot in Cincinnati. Web. 10 April 2013. (Primary.) Originally published in The Anti-Slavery Record in September 1836, this illustration shows a scene from the 1836 race riots spurred by the Lane Rebels, which we detail on our site. Doing As They Can: Slave Life in the American South. Series One: American Social History Project. CUNY Purchase. New York. 23 March 2011. Web.

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We used this video on our timeline to provide a background on antebellum slave life, to educated readers beforehand and increase their understanding of the importance of slavery. Early in the Mornin. Prison Songs, Vol. 1: Murderous Home. The Library of Congress: Archive of Folk Culture, 1997. CD. (Secondary.) Alan Lomax travelled America recording old African American songs, including those on this album, Prison Songs. With no musical accompaniment, the old slave work songs sung by the inmates are haunting. We wanted to add a sound of some sort to our home page and this historically relevant song fit well. Finney, Charles G. ca. 1860-1869. Ohio Historical Society, Oberlin College. Ohio History Central. Web. 4 December 2012. (Primary.) For our case study on Theodore Weld, we used this source as an image of one of his mentors, Charles G. Finney. Harriet Beecher Stowe. Ohio Historical Center Archives Library, Columbus. Americas Story from Americas Library. Web. 25 December 2012. (Primary.) Stowes infamous Uncle Toms Cabin was influenced by the Lane debates. When we wrote about this on our website, we included this photograph of Stowe. The Hugh C. Leighton Co., Manufacturers. Cincinnati, O., Lane Seminary, Walnut Hills. The Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County, Clyde N. Bowden

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From Pulpit to Protest: Ohios Lane Rebels

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Postcard Collection, Cincinnati. Greater Cincinnati Memory Project. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. (Secondary.) This picture was ideal for our banner on the top of our website. We looked for specifically illustrating pictures for some of the highlights of the Lane Rebels. This photo helped us portray our topic more graphically, thus helping us plant a more memorable impression on our reader. Illustration from Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb, an American Slave, Written by Himself. 1849. University of North Carolina Libraries, Chapel Hill. Learn NC. Web. 13 May 2013. (Primary.) We used this image of a slaveowner beating his slave to begin our photo gallery on the home page, as we thought it was a particularly striking, poignant image of how harshly slaves were oppressed. Interior of Slave Ship. 1840. Woodcutting. PBS website. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. (Primary.) We used this picture to show how inhumanely crammed Africans were on the ships that took them, against their wills, to slavery in America. It was used in our slideshow on James Bradleys case study. John Morgan. 1830-1833. Oberlin College, Oberlin. Oberlin College Archives. Web. 23 December 2012. (Primary.) We used this photograph of Morgan in our slideshow about important people in the intertwining history of Oberlin College and the Lane Rebels.

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Lady Graduates 1855. 1855. Oberlin College, Oberlin. Oberlin: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow. Web. 23 December 2012. (Primary.) In exchange for attending Oberlin College, one of the requirements of the Lane Rebels (both students and faculty) was that women and blacks be admitted. This photograph of an integrated female class illustrates Oberlins acceptance of this condition. We used the photo in our slideshow. LeFrancois, Arthur G. Fugitive Slave Acts (1793, 1850). enotes. Enotes, n.d. Web. 3 May, 2013. This article helped to explain the fugitive slave acts of 1793 and 1850 which helped us outline them on our website concisely and accurately. The fugitive slaves acts were important because they highlighted the inhumanities inflicted upon African Americans, illustrating the reasons why the Lane Rebels fought so hard against slavery. We also used a picture from this webpage in particular. The Liberator. December 15, 1854. Haverford College Library, Haverford. Quaker & Special Collections: New & Noteworthy Blog. Web. 25 December 2012. (Primary.) We used this header from an 1854 issue of The Liberator, Garrisons abolitionist newspaper, to go along with our writing about Garrison, since The Liberator was such an important part of his abolitionist career. Lincoln on Slavery. National Park Service. U.S. Department of the Interior, n.d. Web. 4 Dec. 2012.

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(Primary.) We thought the criss-crossing scars from whipping on the slaves back were a powerful image, so we used this photograph on James Bradleys case study in our slideshow about slaves lives. Mahan, Asa. ca. 1860-1869. The Ohio Historical Society, Columbus. Ohio History Central. Web. 23 December 2012. (Primary.) We used this picture of Asa Mahan in our slideshow of important figures in the foundation of Oberlin College.

Man Auction at the Capital. 1839. Illustrated topics for American history. Albert E. McKinley. Philadelphia: McKinley Publishing Company, 1912. Print. (Primary.) We used this picture on our home page to illustrate some abolitionists methods at propagating their beliefs. Member certificate of the American Colonization Society. Photograph of a document. The American Colonization Society. Denison University. Web. 16 December 2012. (Primary.) When writing about the American Colonization Society, we felt that our text needed to be accompanied by a visual. We used this photo as our visual.

Oberlin College. 1835. The Ohio Historical Society, Columbus. Ohio History Central. Web. 23 December 2012.

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(Primary.) When we made our slideshow about Oberlins history, we felt like it needed a unifying final image. This drawing of Oberlin College in 1835 provided that satisfying close. The Oberlin Rescuers at Cuyahoga Country Jail. April 1859. Oberlin: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow: Chapter 7 the Underground Railroad. Web. 13 May 2013. (Primary.) We used this photo to identify the participants in the rescue as the photo identifies each rescuer by name and is the most descriptive photo of the rescuers. The photo helped us to expand on the events of the Oberlin-Wellington Rescue to make an impact on the long-term effects that the Lane Rebels had on events that played out later in the abolitionist movement. Our peculiar domestic institutions. 1840. New York Public Library, New York City, NYPL Digital Gallery. Web. 23 December 2012. (Primary.) This one political cartoon illustrates many of slaverys horrors that the Lane Rebels fought against. We also thought that the cartoons title contrasted ironically with our first page, Facing the Peculiar Institution. The Philadelphia Anti-Slavery Society. 1851. PBS: Freedom A History of US. Web. 13 May 2013. (Primary.) This photo of the members of the Anti-Slavery society we used on our homepage to help us humanize the events taking place in history with the faces of those who played significant events in its outcome. Although these members where of the Philadelphia chapter, which was the largest chapter of the Anti-

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Slavery Society, the entire organization was a common destination for Lane Rebels such as Theodore Dwight Weld, before and after the debates. Portrait of William Lloyd Garrison. 1870. PBS: Africans in America. Web. 25 December 2012. (Primary.) William Lloyd Garrison and the Lane Rebels shared similar ideologies and influenced one another. We used this photograph to illustrate our section about Garrison on the website. Rev. Amos Dresser. Oberlin College, Oberlin. Amos Dresser. Web. 25 December 2012. (Primary.) We used this drawing of Amos Dresser in a slideshow about Lane Rebels, since Dresser was a Rebel who went on to make notable contributions to the abolition movement. Reverend Charles G. Finney. 1835. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Encyclopdia Britannica. Web. 23 December 2012. (Primary.) We used this engraving of Finney in our slideshow of people who were important in the foundation of Oberlin College and the Lane Rebels agreement to attend the school. Rev. Lyman Beecher. 1855-1865. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Library of Congress. Web. 25 December 2012. (Primary.) We used this photo of Reverend Lyman Beecher when we described his role in the Lane debates.

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Siebert, Wilbur H. Routes of the Underground Railroad compiled from The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom. The Macmillan Company, 1898. Web. 13 May, 2013. (Primary.) We used this map to show readers the routes that African Americans would take between 1830 to 1865 fleeing from oppressive masters down South. Slave and Free Areas after the Missouri Compromise, 1820. MAPS ETC. Courtesy of the private collection of Roy Winkelman. Web. 3 May, 2013. (Primary.) This map was a perfect picture to use when we were setting the context for the Lane Debates to play out because it illustrated the realization of some of the legislation that had been enacted involving slavery and its practice. Slave sale advertisement. The Slave Trade: The History Channel website. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. (Primary.) We used this picture in one of our slideshows, which was a timeline of slaves journeys from Africa to America and the struggles they faced. Stephens, H.L. The Lash. 1863. Tubmans Early Years and Escape from Slavery. The Library of Congress. Painting. Jan. 4, 2013. Web. (Primary.) We searched for a graphic photo to accent the atrocities of slavery and found it in this artists rendition of a slave owner whipping his slave. We worked hard to portray the students dilemma as they tried to reconcile slaverys atrocities with their theological lessons and beliefs.

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Tanner, H.S. United States of America, 1834. 1834. New York Public Library, New York City. NYPL Digital Gallery. Web. 22 December 2012. (Primary.) We began our context of the anti-slavery conflict by stating the number of free and slave states in America. Thus we felt that a map would be useful to illustrate the country at that time. Theodore Dwight Weld. Drawing. The Kouroo Contexture. Brown University, 19 December 2007. Web. 4 December 2012. (Primary.) We got a picture of Weld from this source; we used it in his case study. Theodore Dwight Weld. Worcester Womens History Project. Worcester Womens History Project, 2010. Web. 3 Dec. 2012. (Primary.) We used this picture of Weld in our case study on him. Vannerson, Julian. Philemon Bliss, Representative from Ohio, Thirty-fifth Congress, halflength portrait. 1859. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Library of Congress. Web. 25 December 2012. (Primary.) We used this photograph of Philemon Bliss, a Lane Rebel, in a slideshow that traced different Rebels paths after leaving the Seminary. Virginia Slave Auction. 1861. The Slave Trade: The History Channel website. Web. 25 Nov. 2012.

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From Pulpit to Protest: Ohios Lane Rebels

Abby White and Marcia Brown

(Primary.) On our page about James Bradley, once a slave, we created a slideshow to visually show the horrific lives of slaves in America. This picture was used to illustrate slave auctions in that slideshow. Wedgewood, Josiah. Icon of the American Anti-Slavery Society (1832-1865). 1787. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. University of Virginia. Web. 16 December 2012. (Primary.) This powerful image was adopted as the icon of the American AntiSlavery Society, so we used it when we talked about the society and its goals.

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