Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering Production Engineering Department 3rd Year Production Engineering

INTRODUCTION TO VIBRATION
By
Nagham M. El-Breshy Mohammed S. Shafae

October 2009

What is Vibration?
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Vibration is a mechanical oscillation about a reference position. Vibration is everyday phenomenon in our homes, transportation facilities and work. Vibration is often destructive and annoying side effect of useful process. Vibration is sometimes generated intentionally to perform a useful task as in component feeders, concrete compactors, ultrasonic cleaning baths and pile drivers

Why Do We Study Vibration?

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To be able to analyze and study the dynamic behavior of the machine structure.

To avoid excitation of the machine structure to

uncontrollable level of vibrations.

To make conditional maintenance on machines.

To be able to dampen or isolate vibration sources.

Vibration of Machines
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Vibration is a result of dynamic forces in machines which have moving parts. Different parts of the machine will vibrate with various frequencies and amplitudes. Vibration causes wear and fatigue. It is often responsible for the ultimate breakdown of the machine. Thus, machines should be designed to resist vibrations and disturbances.

Vibration in Practice
Importance of car Suspension System
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Mechanical System
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Dynamic behavior of the mechanical structure depends on its stiffness, damping and inertia. Each mechanical system has its particular frequency of vibration that is well known as natural frequency. Frequency is defined as the number of cycles per second. Natural frequency of mechanical system is like a fingerprint of human.

Mechanical System (Contd)

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All mechanical systems contain the three basic components:

Spring Damper Mass

Spring Mass system produces free undamped vibration. Spring, mass and damper system produces damped vibration.

What is Essential Physical Properties that Lead to Vibration?

Mass Spring System

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The essential feature of mass spring system is the restoring force. All vibrating systems have this common feature of the spring mass system.

So, all different systems can be modeled as spring mass system.

Changing the spring stiffness and the mass can control the natural frequency.