Appendix: Schmitt-Trigger Inverter

(a) If input transition times are too long, a standard logic device-output might oscillate or change erratically; (b) a logic device with a Schmitttrigger type of input will produce clean, fast output transitions.

Schmitt-Trigger Inverter Operation

VOUT VOH

VOL

VIN
VTL VTH As VIN increases, VOUT = VOH until VIN > VTH then VOUT = VOL When VIN begins to decrease, VOUT = VOL until VIN < VTL then VOUT = VOH

Schmitt-Trigger Oscillator

IIN

Analysis of a Schmitt-Trigger Oscillator

VC(t) VTH VTL t VOH VOUT(t) VOL

TL

TH
t

t=0 t = 0' Assume Iin = 0, thus IR(t) = IC(t) Capacitor Charging Capacitor Discharging
VOL
VC(t)

VOH

VC(t)

Analysis of a Schmitt-Trigger Oscillator Continued

Capacitor Discharging
Capacitor Charging

I.C. VC (0) VTH VC (TL ) VTL VOL VC (t ) dVC (t ) C R dt t RC VC (t ) VOL (VOL VTH )e VTL VOL (VOL VTH )e
OL TL RC ln( VTH ) TL VOL

I.C. VC (0) VTL VC (TH ) VTH VOH VC (t ) dVC (t ) C R dt t RC VC (t ) VOH (VOH VTL )e VTH VOH (VOH VTL )e TH RC ln(
1 T 1 TL TH

TL RC

TH RC

VOH VTL VOH VTH

TH T

fOSC

, Duty Cycle

Example: Show how to use a 74LS14 Schmitt-trigger inverter to produce an approximate square wave with a frequency of 10 KHz.

Solution:

PSPICE Simulation of a Schmitt-Trigger Oscillator (7414)