February

13/13

GISC9216- Digital Image Processing

Assignment 2- Principal Component Analysis

Brooke Le Blanc

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February 13, 2013 GISC9216-D2 Janet Finlay Niagara-on-the-lake Campus, Niagara College Room E301 135 Taylor Road, S.S #4 On, L0S 1J0

Dear: Janet Finlay: Re: Submission of GISC9216-D2

Please accept this letter as formal submission of Deliverable 2- Principal Component Analysis for the GISC9216 Digital Image Processing course. For the second submission of the Digital Image Processing course, students learned the fundamentals of PCA. This was completed using the original subset image created in Assignment 1. Students also completed a classification process and compared obtained results.
To conclude, I have attached a copy of my GISC9216D2- Principal Component Analysis. Please do not hesitate to contact my for any additional information at 1-416-509-8070. Thank you for your time and attention. We look forward to hearing from you.

Sincerely, Brooke Le Blanc Brooke Le Blanc GIS-GM Graduate Candidate B.L/ b.l

Enclosures: 1.) GISC9216 Deliverable 2: Principal Component Analysis

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Table of Contents
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 2 Background...................................................................................................................................... 3 Answers to Assignment Questions .................................................................................................. 3 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 10

Introduction
The second assignment for the Digital Image Processing course is dealing directly with the skill of using and creating the PCA in the Erdas 2010 program. This skill along with a combination of other skills that we have been learning throughout the first
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semester will help us to complete this assignment to our full potential. Having the ability to perform a PCA is a skill that will also benefit us when we go out into the work force and have to work with ERDAS images.

Background
To complete this assignment we needed to of previously completed assignment 1. We used both our original subset image from assignment 1 to complete this assignment and we also used our original unsupervised classification to complete this assignment. Knowledge of what an unsupervised and supervised classifications were proved to be extremely beneficial in the completion of this assignment.

Answers to Assignment Questions

1. Why do we need to transform original image bands to the Principal Components? The reason that we need to transform the original image bands to principal components is because there may be a need for more space on a computer drive. By changing an original image to principal components it allows the user to condense the amount of room taken place, but keep a significant amount of information from the original, significantly larger, image.

2. Explore your original image and determine which bands have a strong correlation

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Above is the subset images bands after a Supervised, Feature Space editor was completed

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Above are three of the band comparisons. I would define viewer #7 to have a strong correlation, viewer #13 to have a weak correlation and viewer #14 to have no correlation.

Viewer # 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Subset Image: After Supervised Feature Space Image Compared Bands Correlation (Strong/Weak/None) 1 vs. 2 Strong 1 vs. 3 Weak 1 vs. 4 None 1 vs. 5 None 1 vs. 6 Weak 2 vs. 3 Strong 2 vs. 4 None 2 vs. 5 Weak 2 vs. 6 Weak 3 vs. 4 None 3 vs. 5 None 3 vs. 6 Weak 4 vs. 5 None 4 vs. 6 None 5 vs. 6 Strong

3. After performing the PCA transformation, discuss the variance shown on the first, second and third channel of the PCA result.

There are now only three bands to compare with one another and the PCA is a success because there is no correlation between these bands.

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Viewer # 2 3 4

Subset PCA: After Supervised Feature Space Image Compared Bands Correlation (Strong/Weak/None) 1 vs. 2 None 1 vs. 3 None 2 vs. 3 None

4. Compare the original data to the PCA channels. The original data consisted of 6 bands, the new pca channels only consists of 3.

Using the .tbl file, that was created what creating the PCA from the original subset, it is able to be opened in excel with the band values. To figure out how much original information from the subset of 6 bands that has been retained in the subset PCA of 3 bands the first three bands are averaged and then added together. The excel spread sheet above shows that after the compression of the original subset image to the PCA of only three layers maintained 99.50009.

5. Perform an unsupervised classification on the original image and then on the PCA results (keep the same classification parameters for both classifications)

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Original unsupervised classification of subset with 8 classes and 10 iterations. Subsetpca unsupervised on the right with 8 classes and 10 iterations. 6. Compare the 2 obtained classification results. Discuss how the PCA process helped (if any) in the classification of Urban vs Agriculture in the image.

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To begin comparing these two different images I changed all of the classes to identical colouring. This was done to help visualize the differences between the two images a lot easier. Below shows the actual attribute tables showing the same colours for classes

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After colours in the attribute tables are matching for classes, the original unsupervised classification on the left and the unsupervised subsetpca on the right.

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After changing the classes of each image so that it is easier to compare the two I have come to the conclusion that the subset PCA unsupervised is the image that more distinctly shows the difference between urban and agriculture. I do believe that this answer could be subjective to the subset image originally chosen. I was lucky enough to chose an image that had a decent amount of both types of land use visible. On my original supervised classification there is a lot of the pink class almost blobbed over the image that makes it extremely difficult to distinguish anything. In the subset pca unsupervised the classification between the different classes if a lot clearer, the colours are much more taking on the objects that they really are, for example roads or crops.

Conclusion
This assignment was a great learning experience when dealing specifically with different types of image classification. Working with ERDAS 2010 will definitely help students as they further their lives and get careers in the field of GIS. Being able to condense images will prove to be beneficial when trying to save space, but still maintain the amount of information being stored. Being able to add this skill set to the rest of our previously learned skills in first semester allows a great opportunity for expansion of knowledge and experimentation with new tools and skills within the program itself. Not only did we use computer skills but we also had to use our reasoning skills to seriously looks at the different unsupervised images in front of us and determine which image better highlights the urban and rural regions of the original subset image..
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Although I chose the unsupervised pca subset image, my answer could vary depending on the subset image I am working with.

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