fo"k; lwph

vkeq[k iii

f'k{kd ls vii

1- èofu (dfork) lw;Zdkar f=kikBh ^fujkyk* 1

2- yk[k dh pwfM+;k¡ (dgkuh) dkerkukFk 5
3- cl dh ;k=kk (O;aX;) gfj'kadj ijlkbZ 13
4- nhokuksa dh gLrh (dfork) Hkxorhpj.k oekZ 20
5- fpf_;ksa dh vuwBh nqfu;k (ys[k) vjfoan oqQekj flag 23
fpf_;k¡ (dfork) jkenj'k feJ
(osQoy i<+us osQ fy,)
6- Hkxoku osQ Mkfd, (dfork) jke/kjh ¯lg ^fnudj* 31
7- D;k fujk'k gqvk tk, (fuca/) gtkjh izlkn f}osnh 34
8- ;g lcls dfBu le; ugha (dfork) t;k tknokuh 42
igkM+ ls m¡Qpk vkneh (thouh) lqHkk"k xkrkM+s
(osQoy i<+us osQ fy,)
9- dchj dh lkf[k;k¡ dchj 48
10- dkepksj (dgkuh) bLer pqxrkbZ 51
11- tc flusek us cksyuk lh[kk iznhi frokjh 59
oaQI;wVj xk,xk xhr (vkys[k) ÍfRod ?kVd
(osQoy i<+us osQ fy,)
12- lqnkek pfjr (dfork) ujksÙkenkl 67
13- tgk¡ ifg;k gS (fjiksrkZt) ih- lkbZukFk (vuq-) 71 xi
 firk osQ ckn (dfork) eqDrk
(osQoy i<+us osQ fy,)
14- vdcjh yksVk (dgkuh) vUuiw.kkZuan oekZ 80
15- lwj osQ in lwjnkl 92
16- ikuh dh dgkuh (ys[k) jkepanz frokjh 95
ge i`Foh dh larku (dfork) izHkq ukjk;.k
(osQoy i<+us osQ fy,)
17- ckt vkSj lk¡i (dgkuh) fueZy oekZ 109
18- Vksih l`at; 116
'kCndks'k 128

xii
 1
èofu

vHkh u gksxk esjk var

vHkh&vHkh gh rks vk;k gS
esjs ou esa e`nqy olarμ
vHkh u gksxk esjk varA

gjs&gjs ;s ikr]
Mkfy;k¡] dfy;k¡] dksey xkrA
eSa gh viuk LoIu&e`nqy&dj
isQ:¡xk fufnzr dfy;ksa ij
txk ,d izR;w"k euksgjA

iq"i&iq"i ls ranzkyl ykylk [khap yw¡xk eSa]

vius uo thou dk ve`r lg"kZ lhap nw¡xk eSa]

}kj fn[kk nw¡xk fiQj mudksA

gSa esjs os tgk¡ vuarμ
vHkh u gksxk esjk varA

μlw;Zdkar f=kikBh ^fujkyk*

2 olar Hkkx 3

iz'u&vH;kl

dfork ls
1- dfo dks ,slk fo'okl D;ksa gS fd mldk var vHkh ugha gksxk\
2- iwQyksa dks vUkar rd fodflr djus osQ fy, dfo dkSu&dkSu&lk iz;kl
djrk gS\
3- dfo iq"iksa dh ranzk vkSj vkyL; nwj gVkus osQ fy, D;k djuk pkgrk gS\

dfork ls vkxs
1- olar dks Írqjkt D;ksa dgk tkrk gS\ vkil esa ppkZ dhft,A
2- olar Írq esa vkusokys R;ksgkjksa osQ fo"k; esa tkudkjh ,d=k dhft, vkSj
fdlh ,d R;ksgkj ij fuca/ fyf[k,A
3- ¶Írq ifjorZu dk thou ij xgjk izHkko iM+rk gS¸μbl dFku dh iqf"V
vki fdu&fdu ckrksa ls dj ldrs gSa\ fyf[k,A

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

1- dfork dh fuEufyf[kr iafDr;k¡ i<+dj crkb, fd buesa fdl Írq dk
o.kZu gS\
iwQVs gSa vkeksa esa ckSj
HkkSaj ou&ou VwVs gSaA
gksyh eph BkSj&BkSj
lHkh caèku NwVs gSaA
2- LoIu Hkjs dksey&dksey gkFkksa dks vylkbZ dfy;ksa ij isQjrs gq, dfo
dfy;ksa dks izHkkr osQ vkus dk lans'k nsrk gS] mUgsa txkuk pkgrk gS vkSj
[kq'kh&[kq'kh vius thou osQ ve`r ls mUgsa lhapdj gjk&Hkjk djuk pkgrk
gSA iwQyksa&ikSèkksa osQ fy, vki D;k&D;k djuk pkgsaxs\
 èofu 3
3- dfo viuh dfork esa ,d dYiuk'khy dk;Z dh ckr crk jgk gSA vuqeku
dhft, vkSj fyf[k, fd mlosQ crk, dk;ks± dk vU; fdu&fdu lanHkks± ls
lacaèk tqM+ ldrk gS\ tSls uUgs&eqUus ckyd dks ek¡ txk jgh gks---A

Hkk"kk dh ckr
1- ^gjs&gjs*] ^iq"i&iq"i* esa ,d 'kCn dh ,d gh vFkZ esa iqujko`fÙk gqbZ gSA
dfork osQ ^gjs&gjs ;s ikr* okD;ka'k esa ^gjs&gjs* 'kCn ;qXe iÙkksa osQ fy,
fo'ks"k.k osQ :i esa iz;qDr gq, gSaA ;gk¡ ^ikr* 'kCn cgqopu esa iz;qDr gSA
,slk iz;ksx Hkh gksrk gS tc drkZ ;k fo'ks"; ,d opu esa gks vkSj deZ
;k fØ;k ;k fo'ks"k.k cgqopu esa_ tSlsμog yach&pkSM+h ckrsa djus yxkA
dfork esa ,d gh 'kCn dk ,d ls vfèkd vFkks± esa Hkh iz;ksx gksrk
gSμ¶rhu csj [kkrh rs os rhu csj [kkrh gSA¸ tks rhu ckj [kkrh Fkh og
rhu csj [kkus yxh gSA ,d 'kCn ^csj* dk nks vFkks± esa iz;ksx djus ls
okD; eas peRdkj vk x;kA bls ;ed vyadkj dgk tkrk gSA dHkh&dHkh
mPpkj.k dh lekurk ls 'kCnksa dh iqujko`fÙk dk vkHkkl gksrk gS tcfd
nksuksa nks izdkj osQ 'kCn gksrs gSa_ tSlsμeu dk eudkA
,sls okD;ksa dks ,d=k dhft, ftuesa ,d gh 'kCn dh iqujko`fÙk gksA ,sls
iz;ksxksa dks è;ku ls nsf[k, vkSj fuEufyf[kr iqujko`r 'kCnksa dk okD; esa
iz;ksx dhft,μckrksa&ckrksa eas] jg&jgdj] yky&yky] lqcg&lqcg] jkrksa&jkr]
?kM+h&?kM+hA
2- ^dksey xkr] e`nqy olar] gjs&gjs ;s ikr*
fo'ks"k.k ftl laKk (;k loZuke) dh fo'ks"krk crkrk gS] mls fo'ks"; dgrs gSAa
mQij fn, x, okD;ka'kksa esa xkr] olar vkSj ikr 'kCn fo'ks"; gS]a D;ksfa d budh
fo'ks"krk (fo'ks"k.k) ozQe'k% dksey] e`nyq vkSj gjs&gjs 'kCn crk jgs gSAa
fganh fo'ks"k.kksa ds lkekU;r;k pkj izdkj ekus x, gSaμxq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k]
ifjek.kokpd fo'ks"k.k] la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k vkSj lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.kA

oqQN djus dks

1- olar ij vusd lqanj dfork,¡ gSaA oqQN dforkvkas dk ladyu rS;kj dhft,A
2- 'kCndks'k esa ^olar* 'kCn dk vFkZ nsf[k,A 'kCndks'k esa 'kCnksa osQ vFkks± osQ
4 olar Hkkx 3
vfrfjDr cgqr&lh vyx rjg dh tkudkfj;k¡ Hkh fey ldrh gSaA mUgsa
viuh dkWih esa fyf[k,A

'kCnkFkZ
e`nqy & dksey
ikr μ iÙkk
xkr μ 'kjhj
fufnzr μ lks;k gqvk
izR;w"k μ izkr%dky
ranzkyl μ uhan ls vylk;k gqvk
ykylk μ oqQN ikus dh pkg] vfHkyk"kk
bPNk
 2
yk[k dh pwfM+;k¡

lkjs xk¡o esa cnyw eq>s lcls

vPNk vkneh yxrk Fkk D;ksafd
og eq>s lqna j&lqna j yk[k dh xksfy;k¡
cukdj nsrk FkkA eq>s vius ekek
osQ xk¡o tkus dk lcls cM+k pko
;gh Fkk fd tc eSa ogk¡ ls ykSVrk
Fkk rks esjs ikl <sj lkjh xksfy;k¡
gksrha] jax&fcjaxh xksfy;k¡ tks fdlh
Hkh cPps dk eu eksg yasA
oSls rks esjs ekek osQ xk¡o dk
gksus osQ dkj.k eq>s cnyw dks ^cnyw
ekek* dguk pkfg, Fkk ijarq eSa
mls ^cnyw ekek* u dgdj cnyw
dkdk dgk djrk Fkk tSlk fd
xk¡o osQ lHkh cPps mls dgk djrs
FksA cnyw dk edku oqQN m¡Qps ij
cuk FkkA edku osQ lkeus cM+k&lk
lgu Fkk ftlesa ,d iqjkuk uhe dk o`{k yxk FkkA mlh osQ uhps cSBdj cnyw
viuk dke fd;k djrk FkkA cxy esa Hk_h ngdrh jgrh ftlesa og yk[k
fi?kyk;k djrkA lkeus ,d ydM+h dh pkS[kV iM+h jgrh ftl ij yk[k osQ
6 olar Hkkx 3
eqyk;e gksus ij og mls lyk[k osQ leku iryk djosQ pwM+h dk vkdkj nsrkA
ikl esa pkj&Ng fofHkUUk vkdkj dh csyuuqek eqa¡xsfj;k¡ j[kh jgrha tks vkxs ls
oqQN iryh vkSj ihNs ls eksVh gksrhaA yk[k dh pwM+h dk vkdkj nsdj og mUgsa
eqx¡ fs j;ksa ij p<+kdj xksy vkSj fpduk cukrk vkSj rc ,d&,d dj iwjs gkFk dh
pwfM+;k¡ cuk pqdus osQ i'pkr og mu ij jax djrkA
cnyw ;g dk;Z lnk gh ,d efp;s ij cSBdj fd;k djrk Fkk tks cgqr gh
iqjkuh FkhA cxy esa gh mldk gqDdk j[kk jgrk ftls og chp&chp esa ihrk
jgrkA xk¡o esa esjk nksigj dk le; vfèkdrj cnyw osQ ikl chrrkA og eq>s
^yyk* dgk djrk vkSj esjs igq¡prs gh esjs fy, rqjar ,d efp;k e¡xk nsrkA eSa
?kaVksa cSBs&cSBs mls bl izdkj pwfM+;k¡ cukrs ns[krk jgrkA yxHkx jkst gh og
pkj&Ng tksM+s pwfM+;k¡ cukrkA iwjk tksM+k cuk ysus ij og mls csyu ij p<+kdj
oqQN {k.k pqipki ns[krk jgrk ekuks og csyu u gksdj fdlh uo&oèkw dh
dykbZ gksA
cnyw efugkj FkkA pwfM+;k¡ cukuk mldk iSr`d is'kk Fkk vkSj okLro esa og
cgqr gh lqanj pwfM+;k¡ cukrk FkkA mldh cukbZ gqbZ pwfM+;ksa dh [kir Hkh cgqr
FkhA ml xk¡o esa rks lHkh fL=k;k¡ mldh cukbZ gqbZ pwfM+;k¡ igurh gh Fkha
vkl&ikl osQ xk¡oksa osQ yksx Hkh mlls pwfM+;k¡ ys tkrs FksA ijarq og dHkh Hkh
pwfM+;kas dks iSlksa ls csprk u FkkA mldk vHkh rd oLrq&fofue; dk rjhdk Fkk
vkSj yksx vukt osQ cnys mlls pwfM+;k¡ ys tkrs FksA cnyw LoHkko ls cgqr lhèkk
FkkA eSaus dHkh Hkh mls fdlh ls >xM+rs ugha ns[kkA gk¡] 'kknh&fookg osQ voljksa
ij og vo'; f”kn idM+ tkrk FkkA thou Hkj pkgs dksbZ mlls eqÝr + pwfM+;k¡
ys tk, ijarq fookg osQ volj ij og lkjh dlj fudky ysrk FkkA vkf[kj
lqgkx osQ tksM+s dk egÙo gh vkSj gksrk gSA eq>s ;kn gS] esjs ekek osQ ;gk¡ fdlh
yM+dh osQ fookg ij tjk&lh fdlh ckr ij fcxM+ x;k Fkk vkSj fiQj mldks
eukus esa yksgs yx x, FksA fookg esa blh tksM+s dk ewY; bruk c<+ tkrk Fkk fd
mlosQ fy, mldh ?kjokyh dks lkjs oL=k feyrs] <sjksa vukt feyrk] mldks
vius fy, ixM+h feyrh vkSj #i;s tks feyrs lks vyxA
 yk[k dh pwfM+;k¡ 7
;fn lalkj esa cnyw dks fdlh ckr ls fp<+ Fkh rks og Fkh dk¡p dh pwfM+;kas
lsA ;fn fdlh Hkh L=kh osQ gkFkksa esa mls dk¡p dh pwfM+;k¡ fn[k tkrha rks og
vanj&gh&vanj oqQ<+ mBrk vkSj dHkh&dHkh rks nks&pkj ckrsa Hkh lquk nsrkA
eq>ls rks og ?kaVkas ckrsa fd;k djrkA dHkh esjh i<+kbZ osQ ckjs esa iwNrk] dHkh
esjs ?kj osQ ckjs esa vkSj dHkh ;ksa gh 'kgj osQ thou osQ ckjs esaA eSa mlls dgrk
fd 'kgj esa lc dk¡p dh pwfM+;k¡ igurs gSa rks og mÙkj nsrk] ¶'kgj dh ckr
vkSj gS] yyk! ogk¡ rks lHkh oqQN gksrk gSA ogk¡ rks vkSjrsa vius ejn dk gkFk

idM+dj lM+dksa ij ?kwerh Hkh gSa vkSj fiQj mudh dykb;k¡ uk”kqd gksrh gSa u!
yk[k dh pwfM+;k¡ igusa rks eksp u vk tk,A¸
dHkh&dHkh cnyw esjh vPNh [kklh [kkfrj Hkh djrkA ftu fnuksa mldh xk;
osQ nwèk gksrk og lnk esjs fy, eykbZ cpkdj j[krk vkSj vke dh iQly esa rks
8 olar Hkkx 3
eSa jks”k gh mlosQ ;gk¡ ls nks&pkj vke [kk vkrkA ijarq bu lc ckrksa osQ
vfrfjDr ftl dkj.k og eq>s vPNk yxrk og ;g Fkk fd yxHkx jks”k gh og
esjs fy, ,d&nks xksfy;k¡ cuk nsrkA
eSa cgqèkk gj xehZ dh Nq^h esa vius ekek osQ ;gk¡ pyk tkrk vkSj
,d&vkèk eghus ogk¡ jgdj LowQy [kqyus osQ le; rd okil vk tkrkA ijarq
nks&rhu ckj gh eSa vius ekek osQ ;gk¡ x;k gksm¡Qxk rHkh esjs firk dh ,d nwj
osQ 'kgj esa cnyh gks xbZ vkSj ,d yach vofèk rd eSa vius ekek osQ xk¡o u
tk ldkA rc yxHkx vkB&nl o"kks± osQ ckn tc eSa ogk¡ x;k rks brUkk cM+k gks
pqdk Fkk fd yk[k dh xksfy;ksa esa esjh #fp ugha jg xbZ FkhA vr% xk¡o esa gksrs
gq, Hkh dbZ fnuksa rd eq>s cnyw dk è;ku u vk;kA bl chp eSaus ns[kk fd xk¡o
esa yxHkx lHkh fL=k;k¡ dk¡p dh pwfM+;k¡ igus gSaA fojys gh gkFkksa esa eSaus yk[k
dh pwfM+;k¡ ns[khaA rc ,d fnu lglk eq>s cnyw dk è;ku gks vk;kA ckr ;g
gqbZ fd cjlkr esa esjs ekek dh NksVh yM+dh vk¡xu esa fiQlydj fxj iM+h vkSj
mlosQ gkFk dh dk¡p dh pwM+h VwVdj mldh dykbZ esa ?kql xbZ vkSj mlls [kwu
cgus yxkA esjs ekek ml le; ?kj ij u FksA eq>s gh mldh ejge&i^h djuh
iM+hA rHkh lglk eq>s cnyw dk è;ku gks vk;k vkSj eSaus lkspk fd mlls fey
vkm¡QA vr% 'kke dks eSa ?kwers&?kwers mlosQ ?kj pyk x;kA cnyw ogha pcwrjs ij
uhe osQ uhps ,d [kkV ij ysVk FkkA
ueLrs cnyw dkdk! eSaus dgkA
ueLrs Hkb;k! mlus esjh ueLrs dk mÙkj fn;k vkSj mBdj [kkV ij cSB x;kA
ijarq mlus eq>s igpkuk ugha vkSj nsj rd esjh vksj fugkjrk jgkA
eSa gw¡ tuknZu] dkdk! vkiosQ ikl ls xksfy;k¡ cuokdj ys tkrk FkkA eSaus
viuk ifjp; fn;kA
cnyw fiQj Hkh pqi jgkA ekuks og vius Le`fr iVy ij vrhr osQ fp=k mrkj
jgk gks vkSj rc og ,dne cksy iM+k] vkvks&vkvks] yyk cSBks! cgqr fnu ckn
xk¡o vk,A
gk¡] bèkj vkuk ugha gks ldk] dkdk! eSaus pkjikbZ ij cSBrs gq, mÙkj fn;kA
 yk[k dh pwfM+;k¡ 9
oqQN nsj fiQj 'kkafr jghA eSaus bèkj&bèkj n`f"V nkSM+kbZA u rks eq>s mldh
efp;k gh u”kj vkbZ] u gh Hk_hA
vktdy dke ugha djrs dkdk\ eSaus iwNkA
ugha yyk] dke rks dbZ lky ls can gSA esjh cukbZ gqbZ pwfM+;k¡ dksbZ iwNs rc
rksA xk¡o&xk¡o esa dk¡p dk izpkj gks x;k gSA og oqQN nsj pqi jgk] fiQj cksyk]
e'khu ;qx gS u ;g] yyk! vktdy lc dke e'khu ls gksrk gSA [ksr Hkh
e'khu ls tksrs tkrs gSa vkSj fiQj tks lqanjrk dk¡p dh pwfM+;ksa esa gksrh gS] yk[k
esa dgk¡ laHko gS\
ysfdu dk¡p cM+k [krjukd gksrk gSA cM+h tYnh VwV tkrk gSA eSaus dgkA
uk”kqd rks fiQj gksrk gh gS yyk! dgrs&dgrs mls [kk¡lh vk xbZ vkSj og
nsj rd [kk¡lrk jgkA
eq>s yxk mls nek gSA voLFkk osQ lkFk&lkFk mldk 'kjhj <y pqdk FkkA
mlosQ gkFkksa ij vkSj ekFks ij ulsa mHkj vkbZ FkhaA
tkus oSQls mlus esjh 'kadk Hkk¡i yh vkSj cksyk] ¶nek ugha gS eq>sA iQlyh
[kk¡lh gSA ;gh eghus&nks&eghus ls vk jgh gSA nl&ianzg fnu esa Bhd gks
tk,xhA¸
eSa pqi jgkA eq>s yxk mlosQ vanj dksbZ cgqr cM+h O;Fkk fNih gSA eSa nsj rd
lksprk jgk fd bl e'khu ;qx us fdrus gkFk dkV fn, gSaA oqQN nsj fiQj 'kkafr
jgh tks eq>s vPNh ugha yxhA
vke dh iQly vc oSQlh gS] dkdk\ oqQN nsj i'pkr eSaus ckr dk fo"k;
cnyrs gq, iwNkA
^vPNh gS yyk] cgqr vPNh gS] mlus ygddj mÙkj fn;k vkSj vanj viuh
csVh dks vkok”k nh] vjh jTTkks] yyk osQ fy, vke rks ys vkA fiQj esjh vksj
eq[kkfrc gksdj cksyk] ekI+kQ djuk yyk] rqEgsa vke f[kykuk Hkwy x;k FkkA
ugha] ugha dkdk vke rks bl lky cgqr [kk, gSaA
okg&okg] fcuk vke f[kyk, oSQls tkus nw¡xk rqedks\
10 olar Hkkx 3
eSa pqi gks x;kA eq>s os fnu ;kn gks vk, tc og esjs fy, eykbZ cpkdj
j[krk FkkA
xk; rks vPNh gS u dkdk\ eSaus iwNkA
xk; dgk¡ gS] yyk! nks lky gq, csp nhA dgk¡ ls f[kykrk\
brus esa jTtks] mldh csVh] vanj ls ,d Mfy;k esa <sj ls vke ys vkbZA
;g rks cgqr gSa dkdk! brus dgk¡ [kk ikm¡Qxk\ eSaus dgkA
okg&okg! og g¡l iM+k] 'kgjh Bgjs u! eSa rqEgkjh mej dk Fkk rks blosQ
pkSxqus vke ,d c[kr esa [kk tkrk FkkA
vki yksxksa dh ckr vkSj gSA eSaus mÙkj fn;kA
vPNk] csVh] yyk dks pkj&ik¡p vke Nk¡Vdj nksA ¯lnwjh okys nsukA ns[kks
yyk oSQls gaS\ blh lky ;g isM+ rS;kj gqvk gSA
jTtks us pkj&ik¡p vke vatqyh esa ysdj esjh vksj c<+k fn,A vke ysus osQ
fy, eSaus gkFk c<+k;k rks esjh fuxkg ,d {k.k osQ fy, mlosQ gkFkksa ij fBBd
xbZA xksjh&xksjh dykb;ksa ij yk[k dh pwfM+;k¡ cgqr gh iQc jgh FkhaA
cnyw us esjh n`f"V ns[k yh vkSj cksy iM+k] ;gh vkf[kjh tksM+k cuk;k Fkk
tehankj lkgc dh csVh osQ fookg ijA nl vkus iSls eq>dks ns jgs FksA eSaus tksM+k
ugha fn;kA dgk] 'kgj ls ys vkvksA
eSua s vke ys fy, vkSj [kkdj FkksMh+ nsj i'pkr pyk vk;kA eq>s izlUurk gqbZ
fd cnyw us gkjdj Hkh gkj ugha ekuh FkhA mldk O;fDrRo dk¡p dh pwfM+;ksa
tSlk u Fkk fd vklkuh ls VwV tk,A
&dkerkukFk

iz'u&vH;kl
dgkuh ls
1- cpiu esa ys[kd vius ekek osQ xk¡o pko ls D;ksa tkrk Fkk vkSj cnyw dks
^cnyw ekek* u dgdj ^cnyw dkdk* D;ksa dgrk Fkk\
 yk[k dh pwfM+;k¡ 11
2- oLrq&fofue; D;k gS\ fofue; dh izpfyr i¼fr D;k gS\
3- ^e'khuh ;qx us fdrus gkFk dkV fn, gSaA*μbl iafDr esa ys[kd us fdl
O;Fkk dh vksj laosQr fd;k gS\
4- cnyw osQ eu esa ,slh dkSu&lh O;Fkk Fkh tks ys[kd ls fNih u jg ldhA
5- e'khuh ;qx ls cnyw osQ thou essa D;k cnyko vk;k\

dgkuh ls vkxs
1- vkius esys&ck”kkj vkfn esa gkFk ls cuh ph”kksa dks fcdrs ns[kk gksxkA
vkiosQ eu esa fdlh ph”k dks cukus dh dyk lh[kus dh bPNk gqbZ gks
vkSj vkius dksbZ dkjhxjh lh[kus dk iz;kl fd;k gks rks mlosQ fo"k; esa
fyf[k,A
2- yk[k dh oLrqvksa dk fuekZ.k Hkkjr osQ fdu&fdu jkT;ksa esa gksrk gS\ yk[k
ls pwfM+;ksa osQ vfrfjDr D;k&D;k ph”ksa curh gSa\ Kkr dhft,A

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

1- ?kj esa esgeku osQ vkus ij vki mldk vfrfFk&lRdkj oSQls djsaxs\
2- vkidks Nqf^;ksa esa fdlosQ ?kj tkuk lcls vPNk yxrk gS\ ogk¡ dh
fnup;kZ vyx oSQls gksrh gS\ fyf[k,A
3- e'khuh ;qx eas vusd ifjorZu vk, fnu gksrs jgrs gSaA vki vius vkl&ikl
ls bl izdkj osQ fdlh ifjorZu dk mnkgj.k pqfu, vkSj mlosQ ckjs esa
fyf[k,A
4- ck”kkj esa fcdus okys lkekuksa dh fM”kkbuksa esa ges'kk ifjorZu gksrk jgrk gSA
vki bu ifjorZuksa dks fdl izdkj ns[krs gSa\ vkil esa ppkZ dhft,A
5- gekjs [kku&iku] jgu&lgu vkSj diM+ksa esa Hkh cnyko vk jgk gSA bl
cnyko osQ i{k&foi{k esa ckrphr dhft, vkSj ckrphr osQ vkèkkj ij
ys[k rS;kj dhft,A
Hkk"kk dh ckr
1- ^cnyw dks fdlh ckr ls fp<+ Fkh rks dk¡p dh pwfM+;ksa ls* vkSj cnyw Lo;a
dgrk gSμ¶tks lqanjrk dk¡p dh pwfM+;ksa esa gksrh gS yk[k esa dgk¡ laHko
12 olar Hkkx 3
gS\¸ ;s iafDr;k¡ cnyw dh nks izdkj dh euksn'kkvksa dks lkeus ykrh gSaA
nwljh iafDr esa mlosQ eu dh ihM+k gSA mlesa O;aX; Hkh gSA gkjs gq, eu
ls] ;k nq[kh eu ls vFkok O;aX; esa cksys x, okD;ksa osQ vFkZ lkekU; ugha
gksrsA oqQN O;aX; okD;ksa dks è;kuiwoZd le>dj ,d=k dhft, vkSj muosQ
Hkhrjh vFkZ dh O;k[;k djosQ fyf[k,A
2- ^cnyw* dgkuh esa n`f"V ls ik=k gS vkSj Hkk"kk dh ckr (O;kdj.k) dh
n`f"V ls laKk gSA fdlh Hkh O;fDr] LFkku] oLrq] fopkj vFkok Hkko dks
laKk dgrs gSaA laKk dks rhu Hksnksa esa ck¡Vk x;k gS (d) O;fDrokpd
laKk] tSlsμ'kgj] xk¡o] iryh&eksVh] xksy] fpduk bR;kfn ([k) tkfrokpd
laKk] tSlsμpfj=k] LoHkko] otu] vkdkj vkfn }kjk tkuh tkus okyh laKkA
(x) Hkkookpd laKk] tSlsμlqanjrk] uktqd] izlUurk bR;kfn ftlesa dksbZ
O;fDr ugha gS vkSj u vkdkj] otuA ijarq mldk vuqHko gksrk gSA ikB
ls rhuksa izdkj dh laKk,¡ pqudj fyf[k,A
3- xk¡o dh cksyh esa dbZ 'kCnksa osQ mPpkj.k cny tkrs gSaA dgkuh esa cnyw
oDr (le;) dks c[kr] mez (o;@vk;q) dks mej dgrk gSA bl rjg osQ
vU; 'kCnksa dks [kksft, ftuosQ :i esa ifjorZu gqvk gks] vFkZ esa ughaA

'kCnkFkZ
pko μ pkg] rhoz bPNk ixM+h μ flj ij yisVh tkus
lyk[k μ lykbZ] /krq dh NM+ okyh diM+s dh yach
eq¡xjh μ xksy] eqfB;knkj ydM+h i^h] ikx
tks Bksdus&ihVus ds ejge&i^hμ t[e dk bykt] ?kko
dke vkrh gS ij nok yxkdj iV ðh
iSr`d μ iwoZtksa dk] firk ls ck¡/uk
izkIr ;k iq'rSuh efp;k μ lqryh vkfn ls cquh
[kir μ eky dh fcozQh NksVh@pkSdksj pkSdh
fofue; μ vny&cny] oLrqvksa eq[kkfrc μ ns[kdj ckr djuk
dh vny&cny Mfy;k μ ck¡l dk cuk ,d
dlj μ ?kkVk iwjk djuk] deh NksVk ik=k
uktqd μ dksey iQcuk μ ltuk] 'kksHkk nsuk
 3
cl dh ;k=kk

ge ik¡p fe=kksa us r; fd;k fd 'kke pkj cts dh cl ls pysaA iUuk ls

blh oaQiuh dh cl lruk osQ fy, ?kaVs Hkj ckn feyrh gS tks tcyiqj dh
Vªsu feyk nsrh gSA lqcg ?kj igq¡p tk,¡xsA ge esa ls nks dks lqcg dke ij
gkf”kj gksuk Fkk blhfy, okilh dk ;gh jkLrk viukuk ”k:jh FkkA yksxksa us
lykg nh fd le>nkj vkneh bl 'kke okyh cl ls lI+kQj ugha djrsA D;k
jkLrs esa MkowQ feyrs gSa\ ugha] cl Mkfdu gSA

cl dks ns[kk rks J¼k meM+ iM+hA [kwc o;kso`¼ FkhA lfn;ksa osQ vuqHko
osQ fu'kku fy, gq, FkhA yksx blfy, blls lI+kQj ugha djuk pkgrs fd
o`¼koLFkk esa bls d"V gksxkA ;g cl iwtk osQ ;ksX; FkhA ml ij lokj oSQls
gqvk tk ldrk gS!
14 olar Hkkx 3
cl&oaQiuh osQ ,d fgLlsnkj Hkh mlh cl ls tk jgs FksA geus muls
iwNkμ¶;g cl pyrh Hkh gS\¸ og cksysμ¶pyrh D;ksa ugha gS th! vHkh
pysxhA¸ geus dgkμ¶ogh rks ge ns[kuk pkgrs gaSA vius vki pyrh gS
;g\ gk¡ th] vkSj oSQls pysxh\¸
x”kc gks x;kA ,slh cl vius vki pyrh gSA
ge vkxk&ihNk djus yxsA MkWDVj fe=k us dgkμ¶Mjks er] pyks! cl
vuqHkoh gSA u;h&uosyh clksa ls T;knk fo'oluh; gSA gesa csVksa dh rjg
I;kj ls xksn esa ysdj pysxhA¸
ge cSB x,A tks NksM+us vk, Fks] os bl rjg ns[k jgs Fks tSls vafre
fonk ns jgs gSaA mudh vk¡[ksa dg jgh Fkhaμ¶vkuk&tkuk rks yxk gh jgrk gSA
vk;k gS] lks tk,xkμjktk] jad] iQdhjA vkneh dks owQp djus osQ fy, ,d
fufeÙk pkfg,A¸
batu lpeqp LVkVZ gks x;kA ,slk] tSls lkjh cl gh batu gS vkSj ge
batu osQ Hkhrj cSBs gSAa dk¡p cgqr de cps FksA tks cps Fks] muls gesa cpuk
FkkA ge I+kQkSju f[kM+dh ls nwj ljd x,A batu py jgk FkkA gesa yx jgk
Fkk fd gekjh lhV osQ uhps batu gSA
 cl dh ;k=kk 15
cl lpeqp py iM+h vkSj gesa yxk fd ;g xka/hth osQ vlg;ksx vkSj
lfou; voKk vkanksyuksa osQ oDr vo'; toku jgh gksxhA mls Vªs¯ux fey
pqdh FkhA gj fgLlk nwljs ls vlg;ksx dj jgk FkkA iwjh cl lfou; voKk
vkanksyu osQ nkSj ls xq”kj jgh FkhA lhV dk ckWMh ls vlg;ksx py jgk FkkA
dHkh yxrk lhV ckWMh dks NksM+dj vkxs fudy xbZ gSA dHkh yxrk fd
lhV dks NksM+dj ckWMh vkxs Hkkxh tk jgh gSA vkB&nl ehy pyus ij lkjs
HksnHkko feV x,A ;g le> esa ugha vkrk Fkk fd lhV ij ge cSBs gSa ;k
lhV ge ij cSBh gSA
,dk,d cl #d xbZA ekywe gqvk fd isVªksy dh Vadh esa Nsn gks x;k
gSA Mªkboj us ckYVh esa isVkª y
s fudkydj mls cxy esa j[kk vkSj uyh Mkydj
batu esa Hkstus yxkA vc eSa mEehn dj jgk Fkk fd FkksMh+ nsj ckn cl&oaQiuh
osQ fgLlsnkj batu dks fudkydj xksn esa j[k ysaxs vkSj mls uyh ls isVªksy
fiyk,¡xs] tSls ek¡ cPps osQ eq¡g esa nw/ dh 'kh'kh yxkrh gSA
+ vc iangz &chl ehy gks xbZ FkhA eq>s mlosQ fdlh fgLls
cl dh j Ýrkj
ij Hkjkslk ugha FkkA czsd isQy gks ldrk gS] LVh;¯jx VwV ldrk gSA izÑfr
osQ n`'; cgqr yqHkkous FksA nksuksa rjI+kQ gjs&Hkjs isM+ Fks ftu ij i{kh cSBs FksA
eSa gj isM+ dks viuk nq'eu le> jgk FkkA tks Hkh isM+ vkrk] Mj yxrk fd
blls cl Vdjk,xhA og fudy tkrk rks nwljs isM+ dk bar”kkj djrkA >hy
fn[krh rks lksprk fd blesa cl xksrk yxk tk,xhA
,dk,d fiQj cl #dhA Mªkboj us rjg&rjg dh rjdhcsa dha ij og
pyh ughaA lfou; voKk vkanksyu 'kq: gks x;k Fkk] oaQiuh osQ fgLlsnkj
dg jgs Fksμ¶cl rks iQLVZ Dykl gS th! ;g rks bÙkI+kQkd dh ckr gSA¸
{kh.k pk¡nuh esa o`{kksa dh Nk;k osQ uhps og cl cM+h n;uh; yx jgh
FkhA yxrk] tSls dksbZ o`¼k Fkddj cSB xbZ gksA gesa Xykfu gks jgh Fkh fd
cspkjh ij yndj ge pys vk jgs gSaA vxj bldk izk.kkar gks x;k rks bl
fc;kcku esa gesa bldh vaR;sf"V djuh iM+sxhA
16 olar Hkkx 3
fgLlsnkj lkgc us batu [kksyk vkSj oqQN lq/kjkA cl vkxs pyhA mldh
pky vkSj de gks xbZ FkhA
/hjs&/hjs o`¼k dh vk¡[kksa dh T;ksfr tkus yxhA pk¡nuh esa jkLrk VVksydj
og jsax jgh FkhA vkxs ;k ihNs ls dksbZ xkM+h vkrh fn[krh rks og ,dne
fdukjs [kM+h gks tkrh vkSj dgrhμ¶fudy tkvks] csVh! viuh rks og mez
gh ugha jghA¸
,d iqfy;k osQ Åij igq¡ps gh Fks fd ,d Vk;j fiQLl djosQ cSB x;kA
og cgqr ”kksj ls fgydj Fke xbZA vxj LihM esa gksrh rks mNydj ukys
esa fxj tkrhA eSaus ml oaQiuh osQ fgLlsnkj dh rjI+kQ igyh ckj J¼kHkko
ls ns[kkA og Vk;jksa dh gkyr tkurs gSa fiQj Hkh tku gFksyh ij ysdj blh
cl ls lI+kQj dj jgs gSAa mRlxZ dh ,slh Hkkouk nqyHZ k gSA lkspk] bl vkneh
osQ lkgl vkSj cfynku Hkkouk dk lgh mi;ksx ugha gks jgk gSA bls rks
fdlh Økafrdkjh vkanksyu dk usrk gksuk pkfg,A vxj cl ukys eas fxj
iM+rh vkSj ge lc ej tkrs rks nsork ck¡gsa ilkjs mldk bar”kkj djrsA
dgrsμ¶og egku vkneh vk jgk gS ftlus ,d Vk;j osQ fy, izk.k ns fn,A
ej x;k] ij Vk;j ugha cnykA¸
nwljk f?klk Vk;j yxkdj cl fiQj pyhA vc geus oDr ij iUuk
igq¡pus dh mEehn NksM+ nh FkhA iUuk dHkh Hkh igq¡pus dh mEehn NksM+ nh
FkhA iUuk D;k] dgha Hkh] dHkh Hkh igq¡pus dh mEehn NksM+ nh FkhA yxrk
Fkk] ¯”knxh blh cl esa xqtkjuh gS vkSj blls lh/s ml yksd dks iz;k.k dj
tkuk gSA bl i`Foh ij mldh dksbZ eaf”ky ugha gSA gekjh csrkch] ruko
[kRe gks x,A ge cM+s bRehuku ls ?kj dh rjg cSB x,A ¯prk tkrh jghA
g¡lh&e”kkd pkyw gks x;kA

μgfj'kadj ijlkbZ
 cl dh ;k=kk 17

iz'u&vH;kl

dkj.k crk,¡
1- ¶eSaus ml oaQiuh osQ fgLlsnkj dh rjIk+ Q igyh ckj J¼kHkko ls ns[kkA¸
y ys[kd osQ eu esa fgLlsnkj lkgc osQ fy, J¼k D;ksa tx xbZ\
2- ¶yksxksa us lykg nh fd le>nkj vkneh bl 'kke okyh cl ls lI+kQj ugha
djrsA¸
y yksxksa us ;g lykg D;ksa nh\
3- ¶,slk tSls lkjh cl gh batu gS vkSj ge batu osQ Hkhrj cSBs gSaA¸
y ys[kd dks ,slk D;ksa yxk\
4- ¶x”kc gks x;kA ,slh cl vius vki pyrh gSA¸
y ys[kd dks ;g lqudj gSjkuh D;ksa gqbZ\
5- ¶eSa gj isM+ dks viuk nq'eu le> jgk FkkA¸
y ys[kd isM+ksa dks nq'eu D;ksa le> jgk Fkk\

ikB ls vkxs
1- ^lfou; voKk vkanksyu* fdlosQ usr`Ro esa] fdl mís'; ls rFkk dc gqvk
Fkk\ bfrgkl dh miyC/ iqLrdkas osQ vk/kj ij fyf[k,A
2- lfou; voKk dk mi;ksx O;aX;dkj us fdl :i esa fd;k gS\ fyf[k,A
3- vki viuh fdlh ;k=kk osQ [k^s&ehBs vuqHkoksa dks ;kn djrs gq, ,d ys[k
fyf[k,A

eu&cgykuk
y vuqeku dhft, ;fn cl thfor izk.kh gksrh] cksy ldrh rks og viuh
cqjh gkyr vkSj Hkkjh cks> osQ d"V dks fdu 'kCnksa esa O;Dr djrh\
fyf[k,A
18 olar Hkkx 3

Hkk"kk dh ckr
1- cl] o'k] cl rhu 'kCn gaSμbuesa cl lokjh osQ vFkZ esa] o'k v/hurk
osQ vFkZ esa] vkSj cl i;kZIr (dkiQh) osQ vFkZ esa iz;qDr gksrk gS] tSlsμcl
ls pyuk gksxkA esjs o'k esa ugha gSA vc cl djksA
y mi;qZDr okD; osQ leku rhuksa 'kCnksa ls ;qDr vki Hkh nks&nks okD;
cukb,A
2- ¶ge ik¡p fe=kksa us r; fd;k fd 'kke pkj cts dh cl ls pysaA iUuk
ls blh oaQiuh dh cl lruk osQ fy, ?kaVs Hkj ckn feyrh gSA¸
us] dh] ls vkfn 'kCn okD; osQ nks 'kCnksa osQ chp laca/ LFkkfir dj jgs
gSaA ,sls 'kCnksa dks dkjd dgrs gSaA blh rjg tc nks okD;ksa dks ,d lkFk
tksM+uk gksrk gS ^fd* dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
y dgkuh esa ls nksuksa izdkj osQ pkj okD;ksa dks pqfu,A
3- ¶ge I+kQkSju f[kM+dh ls nwj ljd x,A pk¡nuh esa jkLrk VVksydj og jsax
jgh FkhA¸
^ljduk* vkSj ^jasxuk* tSlh fØ;k nks izdkj dh xfr crkrh gSA ,slh oqQN
vkSj fØ;k,¡ ,d=k dhft, tks xfr osQ fy, iz;qDr gksrh gSa] tSlsμ?kweuk
bR;kfnA mUgsa okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,A
4- ¶dk¡p cgqr de cps FksA tks cps Fks] muls gesa cpuk FkkA¸
bl okD; esa ^cp* 'kCn dks nks rjg ls iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA ,d ^'ks"k*
osQ vFkZ esa vkSj nwljk ^lqj{kk* osQ vFkZ esaA
uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa dks okD;ksa esa iz;ksx djosQ nsf[k,A è;ku jgs] ,d gh
'kCn okD; esa nks ckj vkuk pkfg, vkSj 'kCnksa osQ vFkZ esa oqQN cnyko
gksuk pkfg,A
(d) ty ([k) iQy (x) gkj
5- Hkk"kk dh n`f"V ls ns[ksa rks gekjh cksypky esa izpfyr vaxzsth 'kCn iQLVZ
Dykl esa nks 'kCn gSaμiQLVZ vkSj DyklA ;gk¡ Dykl dk fo'ks"k.k gS iQLVZA
pw¡fd iQLVZ la[;k gS] iQLVZ Dykl la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k dk mnkgj.k gSA
 cl dh ;k=kk 19
egku vkneh esa fdlh vkneh dh fo'ks"krk gS egkuA ;g xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k
gSA la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k vkSj xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k osQ mnkgj.k [kkstdj fyf[k,A

'kCnkFkZ
fufeÙk μ dkj.k] lkèku
xksrk μ Mqcdh yxkuk
bÙkiQkd μ la;ksx
fc;kcku μ taxy] mtkM+[kaM
vaR;sf"V μ e`rd deZ] nkg deZ
iz;k.k μ izLFkku] ejuk
csrkch μ cspSuh
20 olar Hkkx 3

4
nhokuksa dh gLrh

ge nhokuksa dh D;k gLrh]

gSa vkt ;gk¡] dy ogk¡ pys]
eLrh dk vkye lkFk pyk]
ge èkwy mM+krs tgk¡ pysA

vk, cudj mYykl vHkh]

vk¡lw cudj cg pys vHkh]
lc dgrs gh jg x,] vjs]
rqe oSQls vk,] dgk¡ pys\

fdl vksj pys\ ;g er iwNks]

pyuk gS] cl blfy, pys]
tx ls mldk oqQN fy, pys]
tx dks viuk oqQN fn, pys]

nks ckr dgh] nks ckr lquh_

oqQN g¡ls vkSj fiQj oqQN jks,A
Nddj lq[k&nq[k osQ ?kw¡Vksa dks
ge ,d Hkko ls fi, pysA
 nhokuksa dh gLrh 21
ge fHk[keaxksa dh nqfu;k esa]
LoPNan yqVkdj I;kj pys]
ge ,d fulkuh&lh mj ij]
ys vliQyrk dk Hkkj pysA

vc viuk vkSj ijk;k D;k\

vkckn jgsa #dusokys !
ge Lo;a c¡¡èks Fks vkSj Lo;a
ge vius caèku rksM+ pysA

μHkxorhpj.k oekZ

iz'u&vH;kl
dfork ls
1- dfo us vius vkus dks ^mYykl* vkSj tkus dks ^vk¡lw cudj cg tkuk*
D;ksa dgk gS\
2- fHk[keaxksa dh nqfu;k esa csjksd I;kj yqVkusokyk dfo ,slk D;ksa dgrk gS fd
og vius ân; ij vliQyrk dk ,d fu'kku Hkkj dh rjg ysdj tk jgk
gS\ D;k og fujk'k gS ;k izlUu gS\
3- dfork esa ,slh dkSu&lh ckr gS tks vkidks lcls vPNh yxh\

dfork ls vkxs
y thou esa eLrh gksuh pkfg,] ysfdu dc eLrh gkfudkjd gks ldrh gS\
lgikfB;ksa osQ chp ppkZ dhft,A
22 olar Hkkx 3

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

y ,d iafDr esa dfo us ;g dgdj vius vfLrRo dks udkjk gS fd ¶ge
nhokuksa dh D;k gLrh] gaS vkt ;gk¡] dy ogk¡ pysA¸ nwljh iafDr eas mlus
;g dgdj vius vfLrRo dks egÙo fn;k gS fd ¶eLrh dk vkye lkFk
pyk] ge /wy mM+krs tgk¡ pysA¸ ;g iQkdkeLrh dk mnkgj.k gSA vHkko
esa Hkh [kq'k jguk iQkdkeLrh dgh tkrh gSA dfork esa bl izdkj dh vU;
iafDr;k¡ Hkh gSa mUgsa è;kuiwoZd if<+, vkSj vuqeku yxkb, fd dfork esa
ijLij fojks/h ckrsa D;ksa dh xbZ gSa\

Hkk"kk dh ckr
y larqf"V osQ fy, dfo us ^Nddj* ^th Hkjdj* vkSj ^[kqydj* tSls 'kCnksa
dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA blh Hkko dks O;Dr djusokys oqQN vkSj 'kCn lkspdj
fyf[k,] tSlsμg¡ldj] xkdjA

'kCnkFkZ
gLrh μ vfLrRo
vkye μ nqfu;k] ekgkSy
LoPNan μ viuh bPNk osQ vuqlkj pyus okyk
 5
fpf_;ksa dh vuwBh nqfu;k
i=kksa dh nqfu;k Hkh vthcks&xjhc gS vkSj mldh mi;ksfxrk ges'kk ls cuh jgh
gSA i=k tks dke dj ldrs gSa] og lapkj dk vkèkqfudre lkèku ugha dj
ldrk gSA i=k tSlk larks"k iQksu ;k ,l,e,l dk lans'k dgk¡ ns ldrk gSA i=k
,d u;k flyflyk 'kq: djrs gSa vkSj jktuhfr] lkfgR; rFkk dyk osQ {ks=kksa esa
reke fookn vkSj u;h ?kVukvksa dh tM+ Hkh i=k gh gksrs gSaA nqfu;k dk reke
lkfgR; i=kksa ij osaQfnzr gS vkSj ekuo lH;rk osQ fodkl esa bu i=kksa us vuwBh
Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA i=kksa dk
Hkko lc txg ,d&lk gS]
Hkys gh mldk uke
vyx&vyx gksA i=k dks mnZw
esa [kr] laLo`Qr esa i=k] dUUkM+
esa dkxn] rsyqxq esa mÙkje~]
tkcw vkSj ys[k rFkk rfey
esa dfMn dgk tkrk gSA i=k
;knksa dks lgstdj j[krs gSa]
blesa fdlh dks dksbZ lansg
ugha gSA gj ,d dh viuh
i=k ys[ku dyk gS vkSj gj
,d osQ i=kksa dk viuk nk;jkA
nqfu;k Hkj esa jks”k djksMk+ as i=k
,d nwljs dks ryk'krs reke
24 olar Hkkx 3
fBdkuksa rd igq¡prs gSaA Hkkjr esa gh jks”k lk<+s pkj djksM+ fpf_;k¡ Mkd esa Mkyh
tkrh gSa tks lkfcr djrh gSa fd i=k fdruh vgfe;r j[krs gSaA
iafMr tokgjyky usg: us lu~ 1953 esa lgh gh dgk Fkk fdμ¶g”kkjksa lkyksa
rd lapkj dk lkèku osQoy gjdkjs (julZ) ;k fiQj rs”k ?kksMs+ jgs gSAa mlosQ ckn
ifg, vk,A ij jsyos vkSj rkj ls Hkkjh cnyko vk;kA rkj us jsyksa ls Hkh rs”k
xfr ls laokn igq¡pkus dk flyflyk 'kq: fd;kA vc VsyhiQksu] ok;jySl vkSj
vkxs jsMkj&nqfu;k cny jgk gSA¸
fiNyh 'krkCnh esa i=k ys[ku us ,d dyk dk :i ys fy;kA Mkd O;oLFkk
osQ lqèkkj osQ lkFk i=kksa dks lgh fn'kk nsus osQ fy, fo'ks"k iz;kl fd, x,A i=k
laLo`Qfr fodflr djus osQ
fy, LowQyh ikB~;Øekasa esa i=k
ys[ku dk fo"k; Hkh 'kkfey
fd;k x;kA Hkkjr gh ugha
nqfu;k osQ dbZ ns'kksa esa ;s iz;kl
pys vkSj fo'o Mkd la?k us
viuh vksj ls Hkh dkIk+ Qh iz;kl
fd,A fo'o Mkd la?k dh
vksj ls 16 o"kZ ls de vk;qoxZ
osQ cPpksa osQ fy, i=k ys[ku
izfr;ksfxrk,¡ vk;ksftr djus
dk flyflyk lu~ 1972 ls
'kq: fd;k x;kA ;g lgh gS fd [kkl rkSj ij cM+s 'kgjksa vkSj egkuxjksa esa lapkj
lkèkuksa osQ rs”k fodkl rFkk vU; dkj.kksa ls i=kksa dh vkoktkgh izHkkfor gqbZ
gS ij nsgkrh nqfu;k vkt Hkh fpf_;ksa ls gh py jgh gSA iSQDl] bZ&esy]
VsyhiQksu rFk eksckby us fpf_;ksa dh rs”kh dks jksdk gS ij O;kikfjd Mkd dh
la[;k yxkrkj c<+ jgh gSA
 fpf_;ksa dh vuwBh nqfu;k 25
tgk¡ rd i=kksa dk loky gS] vxj vki ckjhdh ls mldh rg esa tk,¡ rks
vkidks ,slk dksbZ ugha feysxk ftlus dHkh fdlh dks i=k u fy[kk ;k u
fy[kk;k gks ;k i=kksa dk cslczh ls ftlus bartkj u fd;k gksA gekjs lSfud rks
i=kksa dk ftl mRlqdrk ls bartkj djrs gS]a mldh dksbZ felky gh ughaA ,d nkSj
Fkk tc yksx i=kksa dk eghuksa bartkj djrs Fks ij vc og ckr ughaA ifjogu
lkèkuksa osQ fodkl us nwjh cgqr ?kVk nh gSA igys yksxksa osQ fy, lapkj dk
bdykSrk lkèku fp_h gh Fkh ij vkt vkSj Hkh lkèku fodflr gks pqosQ gSaA
vkt ns'k esa ,sls yksxksa dh deh ugha gS tks vius iqj[kksa dh fpf_;ksa dks
lgst vkSj l¡tksdj fojklr osQ :i esa j[ks gq, gksa ;k fiQj cM+s&cM+s ys[kd]
i=kdkjksa] m|eh] dfo] iz'kkld] laU;klh ;k fdlku] budh i=k jpuk,¡ vius
vki esa vuqlaèkku dk fo"k; gSaA vxj vkt tSls lapkj lkèku gksrs rks iafMr
usg: viuh iq=kh bafnjk xkaèkh dks iQksu djrs] ij rc firk osQ i=k iq=kh osQ uke
ugha fy[ks tkrs tks ns'k osQ djksM+ksa yksxksa dks izsj.kk nsrs gSaA i=kksa dks rks vki
lgstdj j[k ysrs gSa ij ,l,e,l lan's kksa dks vki tYnh gh Hkwy tkrs gaAS fdrus
lans'kksa dks vki lgstdj j[k ldrs gSa\ reke egku gfLr;ksa dh rks lcls cM+h
;knxkj ;k èkjksgj muosQ }kjk fy[ks x, i=k gh gSaA Hkkjr esa bl Js.kh esa jk"Vªfirk
egkRek xkaèkh dks lcls vkxs j[kk tk ldrk gSA nqfu;k osQ reke laxzgky;
tkuh ekuh gfLr;ksa osQ i=kksa dk vuwBk ladyu Hkh gSaA reke i=k ns'k] dky vkSj
lekt dks tkuus&le>us dk vlyh iSekuk gaSA Hkkjr esa vk”kknh osQ igys
egklaxzke osQ fnuksa esa tks oqQN vaxzs”k viQljksa us vius ifjokjtuksa dks i=k esa
fy[ks os vkxs pydj cgqr egÙo dh iqLrd rd cu x,A bu i=kksa us lkfcr
fd;k fd ;g laxzke fdruh tehuh e”kcwrh fy, gq, FkkA
egkRek xkaèkh osQ ikl nqfu;k Hkj ls reke i=k osQoy egkRek xkaèkh&bafM;k
fy[ks vkrs Fks vkSj os tgk¡ Hkh jgrs Fks ogk¡ rd igq¡p tkrs FksA vk”kknh osQ
vkanksyu dh dbZ vU; fnXxt gfLr;ksa osQ lkFk Hkh ,slk gh FkkA xkaèkhth osQ
26 olar Hkkx 3
ikl ns'k&nqfu;k ls cM+h la[;k esa i=k igq¡prs Fks ij i=kksa dk tokc nsus osQ
ekeys esa mudk dksbZ tksM+ ugha FkkA dgk tkrk gS fd tSls gh mUgsa i=k feyrk
Fkk] mlh le; os mldk tokc Hkh fy[k nsrs FksA vius gkFkksa ls gh ”;knkrj
i=kksa dk tokc nsrs FksA tc fy[krs&fy[krs mudk nkfguk gkFk nnZ djus yxrk
Fkk rks os ck,¡ gkFk ls fy[kus esa tqV tkrs FksA egkRek xkaèkh gh ugha vkanksyu
osQ reke uk;dksa osQ i=k xk¡o&xk¡o esa fey tkrs gSaA i=k Hkstusokys yksx mu i=kksa
dks fdlh iz'kfLri=k ls de ugha ekurs gSa vkSj dbZ yksxksa us rks mu i=kksa dks
izsQe djkdj j[k fy;k gSA ;g gS i=kksa dk tknwA ;gh ugha] i=kksa osQ vkèkkj ij
gh dbZ Hk"kkvksa esa tkus fdruh fdrkcsa fy[kh tk pqdh gSaA
okLro esa i=k fdlh nLrkos”k ls de ugha gSaA iar osQ nks lkS i=k cPpu osQ
uke vkSj fujkyk osQ i=k gedks fy[;kS gS dgk rFkk i=kksa osQ vkbZus esa n;kuan
ljLorh lesr dbZ iqLrosaQ vkidks fey tk,¡xhA dgk tkrk gS fd izsepan [kkl
rkSj ij u, ys[kdksa dks cgqr izsjd tokc nsrs Fks rFkk i=kksa osQ tokc esa os cgqr
eqLrSn jgrs FksA blh izdkj usg: vkSj xkaèkh osQ fy[ks x, johanzukFk VSxksj osQ i=k
Hkh cgqr izjs d gaAS ^egkRek vkSj dfo*
osQ uke ls egkRek xkaèkh vkSj johanuz kFk
VSxksj osQ chp lu~ 1915 ls 1941 osQ
chp osQ i=kkpkj dk laxzg izdkf'kr
gqvk gS ftlesa cgqr ls u, rF;ksa
vkSj mudh euksn'kk dk ys[kk&tks[kk
feyrk gSA
i=k O;ogkj dh ijaijk Hkkjr esa
cgqr iqjkuh gSA ij bldk vlyh
fodkl vk”kknh osQ ckn gh gqvk gSA
reke ljdkjh foHkkxksa dh rqyuk esa
lcls ”;knk xqMfoy Mkd foHkkx
 fpf_;ksa dh vuwBh nqfu;k 27
dh gh gSA bldh ,d [kkl otg ;g Hkh gS fd ;g yksxksa dks tksM+us dk dke
djrk gSA ?kj&?kj rd bldh igqp ¡ gSA lapkj osQ reke mUur lkèkuksa osQ ckn Hkh
fp_h&i=kh dh gSfl;r cjdjkj gSA 'kgjh bykdksa esa vkyh'kku gosfy;k¡ gksa ;k
fiQj >ksiM+if^;kas esa jg jgs yksx] nqxZe taxyksa ls f?kjs xk¡o gksa ;k fiQj ciQZckjh
osQ chp th jgs igkM+ksa osQ yksx] leqnz rV ij jg jgs eNqvkjs gksa ;k fiQj
jsfxLrku dh <k¡f.k;ksa esa jg jgs yksx] vkt Hkh [krksa dk gh lcls vfèkd cslczh
ls bartkj gksrk gSA ,d nks ugha] djksM+ksa yksx [krksa vkSj vU; lsokvksa osQ fy,
jkst Hkkjrh; Mkd?kjksa osQ njok”kksa rd igq¡prs gSa vkSj bldh cgq vk;keh
Hkwfedk u”kj vk jgh gSA nwj nsgkr esa yk[kksa xjhc ?kjksa esa pwYgs euhvkMZj
vFkZO;oLFkk ls gh tyrs gSaA xk¡oksa ;k xjhc cfLr;ksa esa fp_h ;k euhvkMZj ysdj
igq¡pusokyk Mkfd;k nsonwr osQ :i esa ns[kk tkrk gSA
&vjfoan oqQekj flag
iz'u&vH;kl
ikB lss
1- i=k tSlk larks"k iQksu ;k ,l,e,l dk lans'k D;ksa ugha ns ldrk\
2- i=k dks [kr] dkxn] mÙkje~] tkcw] ys[k] dfMn] ikrh] fp_h bR;kfn dgk
tkrk gSA bu 'kCnksa ls lacafèkr Hkk"kkvksa osQ uke crkb,A
3- i=k ys[ku dh dyk osQ fodkl osQ fy, D;k&D;k iz;kl gq,\ fyf[k,A
4- i=k èkjksgj gks ldrs gSa ysfdu ,l,e,l D;ksa ugha\ roZQ lfgr viuk
fopkj fyf[k,A
5- D;k fpf_;ksa dh txg dHkh iSQDl] bZ&esy] VsyhiQksu rFkk eksckby ys
ldrs gSa\
ikB ls vkxs
1- fdlh osQ fy, fcuk fVdV lkns fyI+kQkI+ksQ ij lgh irk fy[kdj i=k cSjax
Hkstus ij dkSu&lh dfBukbZ vk ldrh gS\ irk dhft,A
28 olar Hkkx 3
2- fiu dksM Hkh la[;kvksa esa fy[kk x;k ,d irk gS] oSQls\
3- ,slk D;ksa gksrk Fkk fd egkRek xkaèkh dks nqfu;k Hkj ls i=k ^egkRek xkaèkhμbafM;k*
irk fy[kdj vkrs Fks\

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

1- jkeèkkjh flag ^fnudj* dh dfork ^Hkxoku osQ Mkfd,* vkidh ikB~;iqLrd
esa gSA mlosQ vkèkkj ij i{kh vkSj ckny dks Mkfd, dh Hkkafr ekudj
viuh dYiuk ls ys[k fyf[k,A
2- laLÑr lkfgR; osQ egkdfo dkfynkl us ckny dks lans'kokgd cukdj
^es?knwr* uke dk dkO; fy[kk gSA ^es?knwr* osQ fo"k; esa tkudkjh izkIr
dhft,A
3- i{kh dks lans'kokgd cukdj vusd dfork,¡ ,oa xhr fy[ks x, gSaA ,d
xhr gSμ^tk&tk js dkxk fons'kok] esjs fi;k ls dfg;ks lans'kok*A bl rjg
osQ rhu xhrksa dk laxzg dhft,A izf'kf{kr i{kh osQ xys esa i=k ck¡èkdj
fuèkkZfjr LFkku rd i=k Hkstus dk mYys[k feyrk gSA eku yhft, vkidks
,d i{kh dks lans'kokgd cukdj i=k Hkstuk gks rks vki og i=k fdls
Hkstuk pkgsaxs vkSj mlesa D;k fy[kuk pkgsaxsA
4- osQoy i<+us osQ fy, nh xbZ jkenj'k feJ dh dfork ^fpf_;k¡* dks
è;kuiwoZd if<+, vkSj fopkj dhft, fd D;k ;g dfork osQoy ysVj
ckWDl esa iM+h fuèkkZfjr irs ij tkus osQ fy, rS;kj fpf_;ksa osQ ckjs esa gS\
;k jsy osQ fMCcs esa cSBh lokjh Hkh mUgha fpf_;ksa dh rjg gSa ftuosQ ikl
muosQ xarO; rd dk fVdV gSA i=k osQ irs dh rjg vkSj D;k fo|ky;
Hkh ,d ysVj ckDl dh Hkk¡fr ugha gS tgk¡ ls mÙkh.kZ gksdj fo|kFkhZ vusd
{ks=kksa esa pys tkrs gSa\ viuh dYiuk dks ia[k yxkb, vkSj eqDr eu ls
bl fo"k; esa fopkj&foe'kZ dhft,A

Hkk"kk dh ckr
1- fdlh iz;kstu fo'ks"k ls lacafèkr 'kCnksa osQ lkFk i=k 'kCn tksM+us ls oqQN
u, 'kCn curs gSa] tSlsμiz'kfLr i=k] lekpkj i=kA vki Hkh i=k osQ ;ksx ls
cuusokys nl 'kCn fyf[k,A
 fpf_;ksa dh vuwBh nqfu;k 29
2- ^O;kikfjd* 'kCn O;kikj osQ lkFk ^bd* izR;; osQ ;ksx ls cuk gSA bd
izR;; osQ ;ksx ls cuusokys 'kCnksa dks viuh ikB~;iqLrd ls [kkstdj fyf[k,A
3- nks Lojksa osQ esy ls gksusokys ifjorZu dks Loj lafèk dgrs gSa_ tSlsμjohUnz
= jfo + bUnzA bl laf/ esa b + b = bZ gqbZ gSA bls nh?kZ laf/ dgrs gSaA
nh?kZ Loj laf/ osQ vkSj mnkgj.k [kkstdj fyf[k,A eq[; :i ls Loj
lafèk;k¡ pkj izdkj dh ekuh xbZ gSaμnh?kZ] xq.k] o`f¼ vkSj ;.kA
ßLo ;k nh?kZ v] b] m osQ ckn ßLo ;k nh?kZ v] b] m] vk vk, rks ;s
vkil esa feydj ozQe'k% nh?kZ vk] bZ] mQ gks tkrs gSa] blh dkj.k bl
lafèk dks nh?kZ lafèk dgrs gSa_ tSlsμlaxzg + vky; = laxzgky;] egk +
vkRek = egkRekA
bl izdkj ds de&ls&de nl mnkgj.k [kkstdj fyf[k, vkSj viuh
f'kf{kdk@f'k{kd dks fn[kkb,A

'kCnkFkZ
vthcks&xjhc μ vuks[kk iz'kfLr i=k μ iz'kalk i=k
,l,e,l μ y?kq lans'k lsok eqLrSn μ rRij
flyflyk μ vkjaHk gksuk] nLrkos”k μ izek.k lacaèkh dkxtkr]
jkLrk [kqyuk izek.k i=k
vgfe;r μ egÙo xqMfoy μ lquke] vPNh
gjdkjk μ nwr] Mkfd;k] Nfo
lans'k igq¡pkus gSfl;r μ njtk
okyk vkyh'kku μ 'kkunkj
vkoktkgh μ vkuk&tkuk <k¡.kh μ vLFkkbZ fuokl] dPps
rg μ xgjkbZ edkuksa dh cLrh tks xk¡o
ls oqQN nwj cuh gks
osQoy i<+us osQ fy,

fpf_;k¡
ysVjcDl esa iM+h gqbZ fpf_;k¡
vuar lq[k&nq[k okyh vuar fpf_;k¡
ysfdu dksbZ fdlh ls ugha cksyrh
lHkh vosQys&vosQys
viuh eafty ij igq¡pus dk bartkj djrh gSaA
oSQlk gS ;g ,d lkFk gksuk
nwljs osQ lkFk g¡luk u jksuk
D;k ge Hkh
ysVjcDl dh fpf_;k¡ gks x, gSaA

μ jkenj'k feJ
6
Hkxoku osQ Mkfd,

i{kh vkSj ckny]

;s Hkxoku osQ Mkfd, gSa]
tks ,d egkns'k ls
nwljs egkns'k dks tkrs gSaA
ge rks le> ugha ikrs gSa
exj mudh ykbZ fpf_;k¡
isM+] ikS/s] ikuh vkSj igkM+
ck¡prs gSaA

ge rks osQoy ;g vk¡drs gSa

fd ,d ns'k dh /jrh
nwljs ns'k dks lqxa/ Hkstrh gSA
vkSj og lkSjHk gok esa rSjrs gq,
if{k;ksa dh ik¡[kksa ij frjrk gSA
vkSj ,d ns'k dk Hkki
nwljs ns'k esa ikuh
cudj fxjrk gSA

μjke/kjh flag ^fnudj*

32 olar Hkkx 3

iz'u&vH;kl

dfork ls
1- dfo us i{kh vkSj ckny dks Hkxoku osQ Mkfd, D;ksa crk;k gS\ Li"V
dhft,A
2- i{kh vkSj ckny }kjk ykb xbZ fpf_;ksa dks dkSu&dkSu i<+ ikrs gSa\ lkspdj
fyf[k,A
3- fdu iafDr;ksa dk Hkko gSμ
(d) i{kh vkSj ckny izse] ln~Hkko vkSj ,drk dk lans'k ,d ns'k ls
nwljs ns'k dks Hkstrs gSaA
([k) izo`Qfr ns'k&ns'k esa HksnHkko ugha djrhA ,d ns'k ls mBk ckny
nwljs ns'k esa cjl tkrk gSA
4- i{kh vkSj ckny dh fpf_;ksa esa isMs &+ ikS/]s ikuh vkSj igkM+ D;k i<+ ikrs gS\a
5- ¶,d ns'k dh /jrh nwljs ns'k dks lqxa/ Hkstrh gS¸μdFku dk Hkko Li"V
dhft,A

ikB ls vkxs
1- i{kh vkSj ckny dh fpf_;ksa osQ vknku&iznku dks vki fdl n`f"V ls ns[k
ldrs gSa\
2- vkt fo'o esa dgha Hkh laokn Hkstus vkSj ikus dk ,d cM+k lk/u baVjusV
gSA i{kh vkSj ckny dh fpf_;ksa dh rqyuk baVjusV ls djrs gq, nl
iafDr;k¡ fyf[k,A
3- gekjs thou esa Mkfd, dh Hkwfedk ij nl okD; fyf[k,A

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

Mkfd;k] baVjusV osQ oYMZ okbM osc (MCY;w- MCY;w- MCY;w- WWW.)
rFkk i{kh vkSj cknyμbu rhuksa laoknokgdksa osQ fo"k; esa viuh dYiuk ls
 Hkxoku osQ Mkfd;s 33
,d ys[k rS;kj dhft,A ¶fpf_;ksa dh vuwBh nqfu;k¸ ikB dk lg;ksx ys
ldrs gSaA

'kCnkFkZ
ck¡puk μ i<+uk] lLoj i<+uk
vk¡duk μ vuqeku djuk
ik¡[k μ ia[k] ij
lkSjHk μ lqxa/] lqckl
34 olar Hkkx 3

7
D;k fujk'k gqvk tk,
esjk eu dHkh&dHkh cSB tkrk gSA lekpkj&i=kksa esa Bxh] MoSQrh] pksjh] rLdjh
vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj osQ lekpkj Hkjs jgrs gSaA vkjksi&izR;kjksi dk oqQN ,slk okrkoj.k
cu x;k gS fd yxrk gS] ns'k esa dksbZ bZekunkj vkneh gh ugha jg x;k gSA gj
O;fDr langs dh n`f"V ls ns[kk tk jgk gSA tks ftrus gh Å¡ps in ij gSa muesa mrus
gh vfèkd nks"k fn[kk, tkrs gSaA
,d cgqr cM+s vkneh us eq>ls ,d ckj dgk Fkk fd bl le; lq[kh ogh
gS tks oqQN ugha djrkA tks oqQN Hkh djsxk mleas yksx nks"k [kkstus yxsaxsA
mlosQ lkjs xq.k Hkqyk fn, tk,¡xs vkSj nks"kksa dks c<+k&p<+kdj fn[kk;k tkus
yxsxkA nks"k fdlesa ugha gksrs\ ;gh dkj.k gS fd gj vkneh nks"kh vfèkd fn[k
jgk gS] xq.kh de ;k fcyoqQy gh ughaA fLFkfr vxj ,slh gS rks fu'p; gh
fpark dk fo"k; gSA
D;k ;gh Hkkjro"kZ gS ftldk liuk fryd vkSj xkaèkh us ns[kk Fkk\ johanuz kFk
BkoqQj vkSj enueksgu ekyoh; dk egku laLo`Qfr&lH; Hkkjro"kZ fdl vrhr
osQ xàj esa Mwc x;k\ vk;Z vkSj nzfoM+] fganw vkSj eqlyeku] ;wjksih; vkSj
Hkkjrh; vkn'kkZs± dh feyu&Hkwfe ^ekuo egk&leqnz* D;k lw[k gh x;k\ esjk eu
dgrk gS ,slk gks ugha ldrkA gekjs egku euhf"k;ksa osQ liuksa dk Hkkjr gS vkSj
jgsxkA
;g lgh gS fd bu fnuksa oqQN ,slk ekgkSy cuk gS fd bZekunkjh ls esgur
djosQ thfodk pykusokys fujhg vkSj Hkksy&s Hkkys Jethoh fil jgs gSa vkSj >wB
rFkk i+Qjsc dk jks”kxkj djusokys iQy&iwQy jgs gSAa bZekunkjh dks ew[kZrk dk i;kZ;
le>k tkus yxk gS] lpkbZ osQoy Hkh# vkSj cscl yksxksa osQ fgLls iM+h gSA ,slh
fLFkfr esa thou osQ egku ewY;ksa osQ ckjs esa yksxksa dh vkLFkk gh fgyus yxh gSA
 D;k fujk'k gqvk tk, 35
Hkkjro"kZ us dHkh Hkh HkkSfrd oLrqvksa osQ laxzg dks cgqr vfèkd egÙo ugha
fn;k gS] mldh n`f"V ls euq"; osQ Hkhrj tks egku vkarfjd xq.k fLFkj Hkko ls
cSBk gqvk gS] ogh pje vkSj ije gSA yksHk&eksg] dke&Øksèk vkfn fopkj euq";
esa LokHkkfod :i ls fo|eku jgrs gSa] ij mUgsa izèkku 'kfDr eku ysuk vkSj
vius eu rFkk cqf¼ dks mUgha osQ b'kkjs ij NksM+ nsuk cgqr cqjk vkpj.k gSA
Hkkjro"kZ us dHkh Hkh mUgsa mfpr ugha ekuk] mUgsa lnk la;e osQ caèku ls ck¡èkdj
j[kus dk iz;Ru fd;k gSA ijarq Hkw[k dh mis{kk ugha dh tk ldrh] chekj osQ
fy, nok dh mis{kk ugha dh tk ldrh] xqejkg dks Bhd jkLrs ij ys tkus osQ
mik;ksa dh mis{kk ugha dh tk ldrhA
gqvk ;g gS fd bl ns'k osQ dksfV&dksfV nfjnztuksa dh ghu voLFkk dks nwj
djus osQ fy, ,sls vusd dk;ns&dkuwu cuk, x, gSa tks o`Qf"k] m|ksx] okf.kT;]
f'k{kk vkSj LokLF; dh fLFkfr dks vfèkd mÂr vkSj lqpk# cukus osQ y{; ls
izsfjr gSa] ijarq ftu yksxkas dks bu dk;kZs± esa yxuk gS] mudk eu lc le; ifo=k
ugha gksrkA izk;% os gh y{; dks Hkwy tkrs gSa vkSj viuh gh lq[k&lqfoèkk dh
vksj ”;knk è;ku nsus yxrs gSaA
Hkkjro"kZ lnk dkuwu dks èkeZ osQ :i esa ns[krk vk jgk gSA vkt ,dk,d
dkuwu vkSj èkeZ eas varj dj fn;k x;k gSA èkeZ dks èkks[kk ugha fn;k tk ldrk]
dkuwu dks fn;k tk ldrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd tks yksx èkeZHkh# gSa] os dkuwu
dh =kqfV;ksa ls YkkHk mBkus esa ladksp ugha djrsA
bl ckr osQ i;kZIr izek.k [kksts tk ldrs gSa fd lekt osQ Åijh oxZ esa
pkgs tks Hkh gksrk jgk gks] Hkhrj&Hkhrj Hkkjro"kZ vc Hkh ;g vuqHko dj jgk
gS fd èkeZ dkuwu ls cM+h ph”k gSA vc Hkh lsok] bZekunkjh] lpkbZ vkSj
vkè;kfRedrk osQ ewY; cus gq, gSaA os nc vo'; x, gSa ysfdu u"V ugha gq,
gSaA vkt Hkh og euq"; ls izse djrk gS] efgykvksa dk lEeku djrk gS] >wB
vkSj pksjh dks xyr le>rk gS] nwljs dks ihM+k igq¡pkus dks iki le>rk gSA gj
vkneh vius O;fDrxr thou esa bl ckr dk vuqHko djrk gSA lekpkj i=kksa
esa tks Hkz"Vkpkj osQ izfr bruk vkØks'k gS] og ;gh lkfcr djrk gS fd ge ,slh
36 olar Hkkx 3
ph”kksa dks xyr le>rs gSa vkSj lekt esa mu rRoksa dh izfr"Bk de djuk pkgrs
gSa tks xyr rjhosQ ls èku ;k eku laxzg djrs gSaA
nks"kksa dk inkZiQk'k djuk cqjh ckr ugha gSA cqjkbZ ;g ekywe gksrh gS fd
fdlh osQ vkpj.k osQ xyr i{k dks mn~?kkfVr djosQ mlesa jl fy;k tkrk gS
vkSj nks"kksn~?kkVu dks ,dek=k drZO; eku fy;k tkrk gSA cqjkbZ esa jl ysuk cqjh
ckr gS] vPNkbZ eas mruk gh jl ysdj mtkxj u djuk vkSj Hkh cqjh ckr gSA
lSdM+ksa ?kVuk,¡ ,slh ?kVrh gSa ftUgsa mtkxj djus ls yksd&fpÙk esa vPNkbZ osQ
izfr vPNh Hkkouk txrh gSA
,d ckj jsyos LVs'ku ij fVdV ysrs gq, xyrh ls eSaus nl osQ ctk; lkS
#i;s dk uksV fn;k vkSj eSa tYnh&tYnh xkM+h esa vkdj cSB x;kA FkksM+h nsj esa
fVdV ckcw mu fnuksa osQ lsoaQM Dykl osQ fMCcs esa gj vkneh dk psgjk
igpkurk gqvk mifLFkr gqvkA mlus eq>s igpku fy;k vkSj cM+h fouezrk osQ
lkFk esjs gkFk esa uCcs #i;s j[k fn, vkSj cksyk] ¶;g cgqr xyrh gks xbZ FkhA
vkius Hkh ugha ns[kk] eSaus Hkh ugha ns[kkA¸ mlosQ psgjs ij fofp=k larks"k dh
xfjek FkhA eSa pfdr jg x;kA
oSQls dgw¡ fd nqfu;k
ls lpkbZ vkSj bZekunkjh
yqIr gks xbZ gS] oSlh
vusd vokafNr ?kVuk,¡
Hkh gqbZ gS]a ijarq ;g ,d
?kVuk Bxh vkSj oapuk
dh vusd ?kVukvksa ls
vfèkd 'kfDr'kkyh gSA
,d ckj eSa cl esa
;k=kk dj jgk FkkA esjs
lkFk esjh iRuh vkSj rhu
cPps Hkh FksA cl esa oqQN
 D;k fujk'k gqvk tk, 37
[kjkch Fkh] #d&#ddj pyrh FkhA xarO; ls dksbZ vkB fdyksehVj igys gh ,d
futZu lqulku LFkku esa cl us tokc ns fn;kA jkr osQ dksbZ nl cts gksxa As cl esa
;k=kh ?kcjk x,A oaQMDVj mrj x;k vkSj ,d lkbfdy ysdj pyrk cukA yksxksa
dks langs gks x;k fd gesa èkks[kk fn;k tk jgk gSA
cl esa cSBs yksxksa us rjg&rjg dh ckrsa 'kq: dj nhaA fdlh us dgk] ¶;gk¡
MoSQrh gksrh gS] nks fnu igys blh rjg ,d cl dks ywVk x;k FkkA¸ ifjokj
lfgr vosQyk eSa gh FkkA cPps ikuh&ikuh fpYyk jgs FksA ikuh dk dgha fBdkuk
u FkkA Åij ls vknfe;ksa dk Mj lek x;k FkkA

oqQN ukStokuksa us Mªkboj dks idM+dj ekjus&ihVus dk fglkc cuk;kA

Mªkboj osQ psgjs ij gokb;k¡ mM+us yxhaA yksxksa us mls idM+ fy;kA og cM+s
dkrj <ax ls esjh vksj ns[kus yxk vkSj cksyk] ¶ge yksx cl dk dksbZ mik; dj
jgs gSa] cpkb,] ;s yksx ekjsaxsA¸ Mj rks esjs eu esa Fkk ij mldh dkrj eqnzk
38 olar Hkkx 3
ns[kdj eSaus ;kf=k;ksa dks le>k;k fd ekjuk Bhd ugha gSA ijarq ;k=kh brus ?kcjk
x, fd esjh ckr lquus dks rS;kj ugha gq,A dgus yxs] ¶bldh ckrksa esa er
vkb,] èkks[kk ns jgk gSA oaQMDVj dks igys gh MkoqQvksa osQ ;gk¡ Hkst fn;k gSA¸

eSa Hkh cgqr Hk;Hkhr Fkk ij Mªkboj dks fdlh rjg ekj&ihV ls cpk;kA
Ms<+&nks ?kaVs chr x,A esjs cPps Hkkstu vkSj ikuh osQ fy, O;koqQy FksA esjh vkSj
iRuh dh gkyr cqjh FkhA yksxksa us Mªkboj dks ekjk rks ugha ij mls cl ls
mrkjdj ,d txg ?ksjdj j[kkA dksbZ Hkh nq?kZVuk gksrh gS rks igys Mªkobj dks
lekIr dj nsuk mUgsa mfpr tku iM+kA esjs fxM+fxM+kus dk dksbZ fo'ks"k vlj ugha
iM+kA blh le; D;k ns[krk g¡w fd ,d [kkyh cl pyh vk jgh gS vkSj ml
ij gekjk cl oaQMDVj Hkh cSBk gqvk gSA mlus vkrs gh dgk] ¶vas ls ubZ cl
yk;k gw¡] bl cl ij cSfB,A og cl pykus yk;d ugha gSA¸ fiQj esjs ikl ,d
yksVs esa ikuh vkSj FkksM+k nwèk ysdj vk;k vkSj cksyk] ¶iafMr th! cPpksa dk jksuk
eq>ls ns[kk ugha x;kA ogha nwèk fey x;k] FkksM+k ysrk vk;kA¸ ;kf=k;ksa esa fiQj
 D;k fujk'k gqvk tk, 39
tku vkbZA lcus mls èkU;okn fn;kA Mªkboj ls ekI+kQh ek¡xh vkSj ckjg cts ls
igys gh lc yksx cl vas igq¡p x,A
oSQls dgw¡ fd euq";rk ,dne lekIr gks xbZ! oSQls dgw¡ fd yksxksa esa
n;k&ek;k jg gh ugha xbZ! thou esa tkus fdruh ,slh ?kVuk,¡ gqbZ gSa ftUgsa eSa
Hkwy ugha ldrkA
Bxk Hkh x;k gw¡] èkks[kk Hkh [kk;k gS] ijarq cgqr de LFkyksa ij fo'okl?kkr
uke dh ph”k feyrh gSA osQoy mUgha ckrksa dk fglkc j[kks] ftuesa èkks[kk [kk;k
gS rks thou d"Vdj gks tk,xk] ijarq ,slh ?kVuk,¡ Hkh cgqr de ugha gSa tc
yksxksa us vdkj.k lgk;rk dh gS] fujk'k eu dks <k¡<+l fn;k gS vkSj fgEer
c¡èkkbZ gSA dfooj johanzukFk BkoqQj us vius izkFkZuk xhr esa Hkxoku ls izkFkZuk dh
Fkh fd lalkj esa osQoy uqdlku gh mBkuk iM+s] èkks[kk gh [kkuk iM+s rks ,sls
voljksa ij Hkh gs izHkks! eq>s ,slh 'kfDr nks fd eSa rqEgkjs Åij lansg u d:¡A
euq"; dh cukbZ fofèk;k¡ xyr urhts rd igq¡p jgh gSa rks bUgsa cnyuk
gksxkA oLrqr% vk, fnu bUgsa cnyk gh tk jgk gS] ysfdu vc Hkh vk'kk dh
T;ksfr cq>h ugha gSA egku Hkkjro"kZ dks ikus dh laHkkouk cuh gqbZ gS] cuh
jgsxhA
esjs eu! fujk'k gksus dh t:jr ugha gSA
&gtkjh izlkn f}osnh
iz'u&vH;kl

vkiosQ fopkj ls
1- ys[kd us Lohdkj fd;k gS fd yksxksa us mUgas Hkh èkks[kk fn;k gS fiQj Hkh og
fujk'k ugha gSA vkiosQ fopkj ls bl ckr dk D;k dkj.k gks ldrk gS\
2- lekpkj&i=kks]a if=kdkvksa vkSj Vsyhfo”ku ij vkius ,slh vusd ?kVuk,¡ ns[kh&lquh
gksaxh ftuesa yskxksa us fcuk fdlh ykyp osQ nwljksa dh lgk;rk dh gks ;k
bZekunkjh ls dke fd;k gksA ,ssls lekpkj rFkk ys[k ,df=kr djsa vkSj
de&ls&de nks ?kVukvksa ij viuh fVIi.kh fy[ksaA
40 olar Hkkx 3
3- ys[kd us vius thou dh nks ?kVukvksa esa jsyos fVdV ckcw vkSj cl
oaQMDVj dh vPNkbZ vkSj bZekunkjh dh ckr crkbZ gSA vki Hkh vius ;k
vius fdlh ifjfpr osQ lkFk gqbZ fdlh ?kVuk osQ ckjs esa crkb, ftlesa
fdlh us fcuk fdlh LokFkZ osQ HkykbZ] bZekunkjh vkSj vPNkbZ osQ dk;Z
fd, gksaA

inkZI+kQk'k
1- nks"kksa dk inkZI+kQk'k djuk dc cqjk :i ys ldrk gS\
2- vktdy osQ cgqr ls lekpkj i=k ;k lekpkj pSuy ^nks"kksa dk inkZI+kQk'k*
dj jgs gSaA bl izdkj lekpkjksa vkSj dk;ZØeksa dh lkFkZdrk ij roZQ lfgr
fopkj fyf[k,\

dkj.k crkb,
fuEufyf[kr osQ laHkkfor ifj.kke D;k&D;k gks ldrs gSa\ vkil esa ppkZ dhft,]
tSlsμ¶bZekunkjh dks ew[kZrk dk i;kZ; le>k tkus yxk gSA¸ ifj.kkeμHkz"Vkpkj
c<+sxkA
1- ¶lpkbZ osQoy Hkh# vkSj cscl yksxksa osQ fgLls iM+h gSA¸ --------------------
2- ¶>wB vkSj iQjsc dk jks”kxkj djusokys iQy&iwQy jgs gSaA¸ --------------------
3- ¶gj vkneh nks"kh vfèkd fn[k jgk gS] xq.kh deA¸ --------------------

nks ys[kd vkSj cl ;k=kk

vkius bl ys[k esa ,d cl dh ;k=kk osQ ckjs esa i<+kA blls igys Hkh vki
,d cl ;k=kk osQ ckjs esa i<+ pqosQ gSaA ;fn nksuksa cl&;k=kkvksa osQ ys[kd
vkil esa feyrs rks ,d&nwljs dks dkSu&dkSu lh ckrsa crkrs\ viuh dYiuk
ls mudh ckrphr fyf[k,A

lkFkZd 'kh"kZd
1- ys[kd us ys[k dk 'kh"kZd ^D;k fujk'k gqvk tk,* D;ksa j[kk gksxk\ D;k
vki blls Hkh csgrj 'kh"kZd lq>k ldrs gSa\
 D;k fujk'k gqvk tk, 41
2- ;fn ^D;k fujk'k gqvk tk,* osQ ckn dksbZ fojke fpÉ yxkus osQ fy, dgk
tk, rks vki fn, x, fpÉksa esa ls dkSu&lk fpÉ yxk,¡xs\ vius pquko dk
dkj.k Hkh crkb,A μ ] A - ! \ - _ & ] ---- A
¶vkn'kks± dh ckrsa djuk rks cgqr vklku gS ij mu ij pyuk cgqr dfBu
gSA¸ D;k vki bl ckr ls lger gSa\ roZQ lfgr mÙkj nhft,A
liuksa dk Hkkjr
¶gekjs egku euhf"k;ksa osQ liuksa dk Hkkjr gS vkSj jgsxkA¸
1- vkiosQ foPkkj ls gekjs egku fo}kuksa us fdl rjg osQ Hkkjr osQ lius ns[ks
Fks\ fyf[k,A
2- vkiosQ liuksa dk Hkkjr oSQlk gksuk pkfg,\ fyf[k,A
Hkk"kk dh ckr
1- nks 'kCnksa osQ feyus ls lekl curk gSA lekl dk ,d izdkj gSμ}a}
leklA blesa nksuksa 'kCn iz/ku gksrs gSaA tc nksuksa Hkkx iz/ku gksaxs rks
,d&nwljs esa }a} (Li/kZ] gksM+) dh laHkkouk gksrh gSA dksbZ fdlh ls ihNs
jguk ugha pkgrk] tSlsμpje vkSj ije = pje&ije] Hkh# vkSj cscl =
Hkh:&csclA fnu vkSj jkr = fnu&jkrA
^vkSj* osQ lkFk vk, 'kCnksa osQ tksM+s dks ^vkSj* gVkdj (&) ;kstd fpÉ
Hkh yxk;k tkrk gSA dHkh&dHkh ,d lkFk Hkh fy[kk tkrk gSA }a} lekl
ds ckjg mnkgj.k <w¡<+dj fyf[k,A
2- ikB ls rhuksa izdkj dh laKkvksa osQ mnkgj.k [kkstdj fyf[k,A
'kCnkFkZ
/eZHkh# μ ftls /eZ NwVus dk Hk; gks] vèkeZ ls Mjusokyk
inkZI+kQk'k μ Hksn [kksyuk] nks"k izdV djuk
mtkxj μ izdV djuk
xarO; μ LFkku tgk¡ fdlh dks tkuk gks
<k¡<+l μ fnyklk] /hjt
42 olar Hkkx 3

8
;g lcls dfBu le; ugha

ugha] ;g lcls dfBu le; ugha!

vHkh Hkh nck gS fpfM+;k dh
pksap esa frudk
vkSj og mM+us dh rS;kjh esa gS!
vHkh Hkh >jrh gqbZ iÙkh
 ;g lcls dfBu le; ugha 43
Fkkeus dks cSBk gS gkFk ,d
vHkh Hkh HkhM+ gS LVs'ku ij
vHkh Hkh ,d jsyxkM+h tkrh gS
xarO; rd
tgk¡ dksbZ dj jgk gksxk izrh{kk
vHkh Hkh dgrk gS dksbZ fdlh dks
tYnh vk tkvks fd vc
lwjt Mwcus dk oDr gks x;k
vHkh dgk tkrk gS
ml dFkk dk vkf[kjh fgLlk
tks cw<+h ukuh lquk jgh lfn;ksa ls
nqfu;k osQ reke cPpksa dks
vHkh vkrh gS ,d cl
varfj{k osQ ikj dh nqfu;k ls
yk,xh cps gq, yksxksa dh [kcj!
ugha] ;g lcls dfBu le; ughaA
μt;k tknokuh

iz'u&vH;kl
ikB ls
1- ¶;g dfBu le; ugha gS\¸ ;g crkus osQ fy, dfork esa dkSu&dkSu ls
roZQ izLrqr fd, x, gSa\ Li"V dhft,A
2- fpfM+;k pksap esa frudk nckdj mM+us dh rS;kjh esa D;ksa gS\ og frudksa
dk D;k djrh gksxh\ fyf[k,A
3- dfork esa dbZ ckj ^vHkh Hkh* dk iz;ksx djosQ ckrsa j[kh xbZ gSa] vHkh Hkh
dk iz;ksx djrs gq, rhu okD; cukb, vkSj nsf[k, muesa yxkrkj] fujarj]
fcuk #osQ pyusokys fdlh dk;Z dk Hkko fudy jgk gS ;k ugha\
44 olar Hkkx 3
4- ¶ugha¸ vkSj ¶vHkh Hkh¸ dks ,d lkFk iz;ksx djosQ rhu okD; fyf[k,
vkSj nsf[k, ^ugha* ^vHkh Hkh* osQ ihNs dkSu&dkSu ls Hkko fNis gks
ldrs gSa\

dfork ls vkxs
1- ?kj osQ cM+s&cw<+ksa }kjk cPpksa dks lqukbZ tkusokyh fdlh ,slh dFkk dh
tkudkjh izkIr dhft, ftlosQ vkf[kjh fgLls esa dfBu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls
thrus dk lans'k gksA
2- vki tc Hkh ?kj ls LowQy tkrs gSa dksbZ vkidh izrh{kk dj jgk gksrk gSA
lwjt Mwcus dk le; Hkh vkidks [ksy osQ eSnku ls ?kj ykSV pyus dh
lwpuk nsrk gS fd ?kj esa dksbZ vkidh izrh{kk dj jgk gSμizrh{kk djusokys
O;fDr osQ fo"k; esa vki D;k lksprs gSa\ vius fopkj fyf[k,A

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

varfj{k osQ ikj dh nqfu;k ls D;k lpeqp dksbZ cl vkrh gS ftlls [krjksa
osQ ckn Hkh cps gq, yksxksa dh [kcj feyrh gS\ vkidh jk; esa ;g >wB
gS ;k lp\ ;fn >wB gS rks dfork esa ,slk D;ksa fy[kk x;k\ vuqeku
yxkb, ;fn lp yxrk gS rks fdlh varfj{k laca/h foKku dFkk osQ vkèkkj
ij dYiuk dhft, og cl oSQlh gksxh] os cps gq, yksx [krjksa ls D;ksa
f?kj x, gksaxs\ bl lanHkZ dks ysdj dksbZ dFkk cuk losaQ rks cukb,A
 ;g lcls dfBu le; ugha 45
osQoy i<+us osQ fy,

igkM+ ls m¡Qpk vkneh

rhu lkS lkB iQhV yack vkSj rhl iQhV pkSM+k igkM+ dkVus osQ
fy, fdruk oDr yx ldrk gS\ fuf'pr gh VSDuksykWth osQ bl
;qx esa bl loky dk tokc bl ckr ij fuHkZj djsxk fd vki
igkM+ dk lhuk phjus osQ fy, fdl e'khu dk bLrseky dj jgs
gSa] ysfdu vxj ;g iwNk
tk, fd blh dke dks
,d gh 'k[l dks vatke
nsuk gks rks fdruk oDr
yxsxk\
'kk;n ;g pdjk
nsuos kyk loky gksxk ysfdu
fcgkj osQ x;k f”kys osQ
xsykSj xk¡o esa ,d e”knwj
ifjokj esa tUes ,d 'k[l
us bldk tokc vius
cktqvksa vkSj viuh esgur ls fn;kA igkM+ dks fgyk nsuos kys mu
n'kjFk ek¡>h us jktèkkuh fnYyh esa 2007 esa vafre lk¡l yhA mudk
tUe 1934 esa gqvk FkkA
o"kZ 1966 dh fdlh vylqcg tc Nsuh gFkkSM+k ysdj n'kjFk
ek¡>h vius xk¡o osQ ikl fLFkr igkM+ osQ ikl igq¡ps rks cgqr de
yksxksa dks bl ckr dk irk Fkk fd bl 'k[l us vius fny esa D;k
Bku fy;k gSA e”knwjh vkSj dHkh dHkkj bèkj&mèkj dke djusokys
46 olar Hkkx 3
n'kjFk ek¡>h us tc igkM+ ij Nsuh gFkkSM+k pykuk 'kq: fd;k rks
vkus&tkus okys jkgxhjksa osQ fy, gh ugha] xk¡o osQ yksxksa osQ fy, Hkh
og ,d g¡lh osQ ik=k cu x, FksA
thou lafxuh iQkxquh nsoh dk le; ij bykt u djk ikus ls mls
[kks pqoQs n'kjFk ek¡>h dks blls dksbZ iQoZQ ugha iM+kA èkqu osQ iDosQ
n'kjFk dh vFkd esgur ckbZl lky ckn rc jax ykbZ tc ml igkM+
ls ,d jkLrk nwljs xk¡o rd fudy vk;kA
vkf[kj ,slh D;k ckr gqbZ fd n'kjFk dks igkM+ phjus dh èkqu
lokj gqbZA njvly igkM+ dks tc rd phjk ugha x;k Fkk rc
rd n'kjFk osQ xk¡o ls lcls u”knhdh othjxat vLirky 90
fdyksehVj iM+rk FkkA n'kjFk dh iRuh dh rch;r [kjkc gksus ij
mls ogk¡ ys tkus osQ nkSju gh mlus ne rksM+ fn;k FkkA mUgsa yxk
fd igkM+ ls dksbZ jkLrk gksrk rks eSa viuh iRuh dks oDr ij
vLirky ys tkrk vkSj mldk bykt djk ikrkA
losZ'ojn;ky lDlsuk dh ,d dfork gS % ^nq[k rqEgsa D;k
rksM+sxk rqe nq[k dks rksM+ nksA cl viuh vk¡[ksa vkSjksa osQ liuksa ls
tksM+ nksA*
f”kanxh dk rhlok¡ olar ikj dj pqosQ n'kjFk ek¡>h us 'kk;n
'ks"k xk¡o osQ fuokfl;ksa osQ eu esa nch bl NksVh&lh gljr dks
viuh f”kanxh dk fe'ku cuk MkykA vkSj viuh iRuh dh vlkef;d
ekSr ls mits izpaM nq[k dks ,d u;h ladYi 'kfDr esa rCnhy
dj fn;kA ik¡p&Ng lky rd n'kjFk vosQys gh esgur djrs jgsA
èkhjs&èkhjs vkSj yksx Hkh tqM+rs pys x,A ogk¡ ,d nkuik=k Hkh j[kk
x;k Fkk ftlesa yksx pank Mky nsrs FksA dbZ yksx vius ?kj ls
vukt Hkh nsrs FksA
vkt dh rkjh[k esa vki dg ldrs gSa fd xsykSj ls othjxat
tkus dh vLlh fdyksehVj dh nwjh dks 13 fdyksehVj yk nsus
okyk ;g jkLrk ,d Jfed osQ I;kj dh fu'kkuh gSA ,d vaxzs”k
i=kdkj us fy[kk % ^iwvjeSal rktegyA*
oqQN lky igys ,d i=kdkj muls feyus x;k] rc ,d iQDdM+
dchjiaFkh dh rjg ;k;kojh dj jgs n'kjFk ek¡>h us mUgsa viuh
 igkM+ dfBu
;g lcls ls m¡Qpk
le;vkneh
ugha 47
,d fiz; dgkuh lqukbZ Fkh tks ml fpfM+;k osQ ckjs esa Fkh ftldk
?kkaslyk leqnz cgkdj ys x;k FkkA dgkuh ml fpfM+;k dh izpaM
ftthfo"kk vkSj ladYi dks c;k¡ dj jgh Fkh ftlosQ rgr leqnz
}kjk ?kksalyk u ykSVkus ij fpfM+;k us vosQys gh leanj dks lq[kk
nsus dk ladYi fy;kA 'kq:vkr esa mls ikxy djkj nsus okyh
ckdh fpfM+;k¡ Hkh mlosQ lkFk tqM+ xb± vkSj fiQj fo".kq dk okgu
x#M+ Hkh bu dksf'k'kksa dk fgLlk cu x;kA fiQj chp&cpko djus
osQ fy, [kqn fo".kq dks vkuk iM+k ftUgksaus leqnz dks èkedk;k fd
vxj mlus fpfM+;k dk ?kksalyk ugha ykSVk;k rks iyHkj esa mls
lq[kk fn;k tk,xkA rc i=kdkj us tc muls iwNk fd dgkuh dh
fpfM+;k D;k vki gh gSaA blosQ tokc esa vk¡[kksa esa 'kjkjr Hkjh
eqldku fy, n'kjFk ek¡>h us ckr Vky nh FkhA
fiNys oqQN lkyksa ls n'kjFk ek¡>h dchjiaFkh lkèkq cu x, Fks
vkSj ;k;koj cus gq, Fks ysfdu dchj dk mudk Lohdkj egt
mQijh ugha FkkA muosQ fopkjksa esa Hkh dchj tSlh iz[kjrk FkhA
xjhc vkSj esgurd'kksa dk bZ'oj iwtk esa my>s jguk vkSj reke
vaèkJ¼kvksa dk f'kdkj gksuk mUgsa dpksVrk FkkA os dgrs Fks fd
f”kanxh Hkj iQkdkd'kh djrs jgs vkneh dh ekSr osQ ckn e`R;qHkkst
esa vPNs&vPNs idoku f[kyk, tkrs gSaA blosQ fy, yksx dtkZ
D;ksa ysrs gSa\
n'kjFk ek¡>h gekjs chp ugha gSa ysfdu D;k os gesa mu feFkdh;
ik=kksa dh ;kn fnykrs izrhr ugha gksrs] tSls ik=k gesa iqjk.kksa esa
feyrs gSa] fiQj og pkgs izksesfFk;l gks ;k HkxhjFkA ,slh 'kf[l;rsa]
tks euq"; dh míke ftthfo"kk dks izfrfcafcr dj jgh gksrh gSa
vkSj viuh dksf'k'kksa ls izÑfr dh nkuo 'kfDr;ksa vkSj bulkfu;r
osQ nq'euksa ls yM+ jgh gksrh gSaA
vius thou dk iQyliQk c;ku djrs gq, mUgksua s ,d i=kdkj
dks 'kk;n blfy, crk;k Fkk fd igkM+ eq>s mruk m¡Qpk dHkh ugha
yxk ftruk yksx crkrs gSAa euq"; ls ”;knk m¡Qpk dksbZ ugha gksrkA

μlqHkk"k xkrkM+s
48 olar Hkkx 3

9
dchj dh lkf[k;k¡

tkfr u iwNks lkèk dh] iwN yhft, KkuA

eksy djks rjokj dk] iM+k jgu nks E;kuAA1AA

vkor xkjh ,d gS] myVr gksb vusdA

dg dchj ufga myfV,] ogh ,d dh ,dAA2AA

ekyk rks dj esa fiQjS] thfHk fiQjS eq[k ek¡fgA

euqok¡ rks ngq¡ fnfl fiQjS] ;g rkS lqfeju ukfgaAA3AA

dchj ?kkl u uhafn,] tks ikm¡Q rfy gksbA

mfM+ iM+S tc vk¡f[k eSa] [kjh nqgsyh gksbAA4AA

tx esa cSjh dksb ugha] tks eu lhry gks;A

;k vkik dks Mkfj ns] n;k djS lc dks;AA5AA

lar lq/klkj % la-μfo;ksxh gfj

 dchj dh lkf[k;k¡ 49

iz'u&vH;kl

ikB ls
1- ^ryokj dk egÙo gksrk gS E;ku dk ugha*μmDr mnkgj.k ls dchj D;k
dguk pkgrs gSa\ Li"V dhft,A
2- ikB dh rhljh lk[kh&ftldh ,d iafDr gS ^euqok¡ rks ngq¡ fnfl fiQjS]
;g rks lqfeju ukfga* osQ }kjk dchj D;k dguk pkgrs gSa\
3- dchj ?kkl dh fuank djus ls D;ksa euk djrs gSaA i<+s gq, nksgs osQ vkèkkj
ij Li"V dhft,A
4- euq"; osQ O;ogkj esa gh nwljksa dks fojks/h cuk ysusokys nks"k gksrs gSaA ;g
HkkokFkZ fdl nksgs ls O;Dr gksrk gS\

ikB ls vkxs
1- ¶;k vkik dks Mkfj ns] n;k djS lc dks;A¸
¶,slh ckuh cksfy, eu dk vkik [kks;A¸
bu nksuksa iafDr;ksa esa ^vkik* dks NksM+ nsus ;k [kks nsus dh ckr dh xbZ
gSA ^vkik* fdl vFkZ esa iz;qDr gqvk gS\ D;k ^vkik* LokFkZ osQ fudV dk
vFkZ nsrk gS ;k ?keaM dk\
2- vkiosQ fopkj esa vkik vkSj vkRefo'okl esa rFkk vkik vkSj mRlkg eas
D;k dksbZ varj gks ldrk gS\ Li"V djsaA
3- lHkh euq"; ,d gh izdkj ls ns[krs&lqurs gSa ij ,dleku fopkj ugha
j[krsA lHkh viuh&viuh eukso`fÙk;ksa osQ vuqlkj dk;Z djrs gSaA ikB esa
vkbZ dchj dh fdl lk[kh ls mi;qZDr iafDr;ksa osQ Hkko feyrs gSa]
,dleku gksus osQ fy, vko';d D;k gS\ fyf[k,A
4- dchj osQ nksgksa dks lk[kh D;ksa dgk tkrk gS\ Kkr dhft,A
50 olar Hkkx 3

Hkk"kk dh ckr
cksypky dh {ks=kh; fo'ks"krkvksa osQ dkj.k 'kCnksa osQ mPpkj.k esa ifjorZu
gksrk gS tSls ok.kh 'kCn ckuh cu tkrk gSA eu ls euok] euqok vkfn gks
tkrk gSA mPpkj.k osQ ifjorZu ls orZuh Hkh cny tkrh gSA uhps oqQN 'kCn
fn, tk jgs gSa mudk og :i fyf[k, ftlls vkidk ifjp; gksA
X;ku] thfHk] ikm¡Q] rfy] vk¡f[k] cjhA

'kCnkFkZ
Kku μ tkudkjh
E;ku μ ryokj j[kus dk dks"k
xkjh μ xkyh] vi'kCn
dj μ gkFk
ngq¡ μ nl
fnfl μ fn'kk
lqfeju μ bZ'oj osQ uke dk ti
(HkfDr dk ,d izdkj)] Lej.k
nqgsyh μ nq[k] nq[k esa iM+k gqvk]
d"Vlkè;
cSjh μ nq'eu
vkik μ vga
 10
dkepksj
cM+h nsj osQ okn&fookn osQ ckn ;g r; gqvk fd lpeqp ukSdjksa dks fudky
fn;k tk,A vkf[kj] ;s eksVs&eksVs fdl dke osQ gSa! fgydj ikuh ugha ihrsA bUgsa
viuk dke [kqn djus dh vknr gksuh pkfg,A dkepksj dgha osQ!
^^rqe yksx oqQN ughaA brus lkjs gks vkSj lkjk fnu Åèke epkus osQ flok
oqQN ugha djrsA**
vkSj lpeqp gesa [k;ky vk;k fd ge vkf[kj dke D;ksa ugha djrs\
fgydj ikuh ihus esa viuk D;k [kpZ gksrk gS\ blfy, geus rqjra fgy&fgykdj
ikuh ihuk 'kq: fd;kA
fgyus esa èkDosQ Hkh yx tkrs gSa vkSj ge fdlh osQ ncSy rks Fks ugha fd dksbZ
èkDdk ns] rks lg tk,¡A yhft,]
ikuh osQ eVdksa osQ ikl gh
?keklku ;q¼ gks x;kA lqjkfg;k¡
mèkj yq<+dhaA eVosQ bèkj x,A
diM+s Hkhxs] lks vyxA
^;g Hkyk dke djsaxsA*
vEek us fu'p; fd;kA
^^djsxsa s dSls ugha! ns[kks th!
tks dke ugha djsxk] mls jkr
dk [kkuk gjfxt ugha feysxkA
le>sA**
;g yhft, fcyoqQy 'kkgh
iQjeku tkjh gks jgs gSaA
52 olar Hkkx 3
^^ge dke djus dks rS;kj gSaA dke crk, tk,¡]** geus nqgkbZ nhA
^^cgqr&ls dke gSa tks rqe dj ldrs gksA felky osQ fy,] ;g njh fdruh
eSyh gks jgh gSA vk¡xu esa fdruk owQM+k iM+k gSA isM+ksa esa ikuh nsuk gS vkSj HkkbZ
eqÝr rks ;g dke djok, ugha tk,¡xsA rqe lcdks ru[okg Hkh feysxhA**
vCck fe;k¡ us oqQN dke crk, vkSj nwljs dkeksa dk gokyk Hkh fn;kμekyh
dks ru[okg feyrh gSA vxj lc cPps feydj ikuh Mkysa] rks---
^,s gs! [kqnk osQ fy, ughaA ?kj eas ck<+ vk tk,xhA* vEek us ;kpuk dhA
fiQj Hkh ru[okg osQ lius ns[krs gq, ge yksx dke ij rqy x,A
,d fnu iQ'khZ njh ij cgqr&ls cPps tqV x, vkSj pkjksa vksj ls dksus
idM+dj >Vduk 'kq: fd;kA nks&pkj us ydfM+;k¡ ysdj èkqvk¡èkkj fiVkbZ 'kq:
dj nhA
lkjk ?kj èkwy ls vV x;kA [kk¡lrs&[kk¡lrs lc csne gks x,A lkjh èkwy tks
njh ij Fkh] tks iQ'kZ ij Fkh] lcosQ fljksa ij te xbZA ukdksa vkSj vk¡[kksa esa ?kql
xbZZA cqjk gky gks x;k lcdkA ge yksxksa dks rqjar vk¡xu esa fudkyk x;kA ogk¡
ge yksxksa us iQkSju >kM+w nsus dk iQSlyk fd;kA
>kM+w D;ksfa d ,d Fkh vkSj
ru[okg ysusokys mEehnokj
cgqr] blfy, {k.k&Hkj esa
>kM+w osQ iqtZs mM+ x,A ftruh
lhaosQ ftlosQ gkFk iM+ha] og
muls gh myVs&lhèks gkFk
ekjus yxkA vEek us flj ihV
fy;kA HkbZ] ;s cqtqxZ dke
djus nsa rks balku dke djsA
tc ”kjk&”kjk lh ckr ij
Vksdus yxs rks cl] gks
pqdk dke!
 dkepksj 53
vly esa >kM+w nsus ls igys ”kjk&lk ikuh fNM+d ysuk pkfg,A cl] ;g
[k;ky vkrs gh rqjar njh ij ikuh fNM+dk x;kA ,d rks oSls gh èkwy ls vVh
gqbZ FkhA ikuh iM+rs gh lkjh èkwy dhpM+ cu xbZA
vc lc vk¡xu ls Hkh fudkys x,A r; gqvk fd isM+ksa dks ikuh fn;k tk,A
cl] lkjs ?kj dh ckyfV;k¡] yskVs] rlys] Hkxksus] irhfy;k¡ ywV yh xb±A ftUgsa
;s phtsa Hkh u feyha] os Mksaxs&dVksjs vkSj fxykl gh ys HkkxsA
vc lc yksx uy ij VwV iM+sA ;gk¡ Hkh og ?keklku eph fd D;k etky
tks ,d cw¡n ikuh Hkh fdlh osQ crZu esa vk losQA Bwle&Bkl! fdlh ckyVh
ij irhyk vkSj irhys ij yksVk vkSj Hkxksus vkSj MksaxsA igys rks èkDosQ pysA fiQj
oqQgfu;k¡ vkSj mlosQ ckn cjruA IkQkSju cM+s Hkkb;ksa] cguksa] ekeqvksa vkSj nenkj
ekSfl;ksa] iwQfiQ;ksa dh oqQed Hksth xbZ] IkQkSt eSnku esa gfFk;kj isaQddj ihB
fn[kk xbZA
bl èkhaxkeq'rh esa oqQN cPps dhpM+ esa yFkiFk gks x, ftUgsa ugykdj diM+s
cnyokus osQ fy, ukSdjksa dh orZeku la[;k dkiQh ugha FkhA ikl osQ caxyksa ls
ukSdj vk, vkSj pkj vkuk izfr cPpk osQ fglkc ls ugyok, x,A
ge yksx dk;y gks x, fd lpeqp ;g lI+kQkbZ dk dke vius cl dh ckr
ugha vkSj u isM+ksa dh ns[kHkky gels gks ldrh gSA de&ls&de eqfxZ;k¡ gh can
dj nsAa
cl] 'kke gh ls tks ck¡l] NM+h gkFk iM+h] ysdj eqfxZ;k¡ gk¡dus yxsA ^py
nM+cs] nM+csA*
ij lkgc] eqfxZ;ksa dks Hkh fdlh us gekjs fo#¼ HkM+dk j[kk FkkA ÅV&iVk¡x
bèkj&mèkj owQnus yxhaA nks eqfxZ;k¡ [khj osQ I;kyksa ls ftu ij vk;k pk¡nh osQ odZ
yxk jgh Fkh] nkSM+rh&iQM+iQM+krh gqbZ fudy xb±A
rwI+kQku xqtjus osQ ckn irk pyk fd I;kys [kkyh gSa vkSj lkjh [khj nhnh osQ
dkenkuh osQ nqi^s vkSj rkts èkqys flj ij yxh gqbZ gSA ,d cM+k&lk eqxkZ vEek
osQ [kqys gq, ikunku esa owQn iM+k vkSj dRFks&pwus esa yqFkM+s gq, iats ysdj ukuh
vEEkk dh lI+ksQn nwèk tSlh pknj ij Nkis ekjrk gqvk fudy x;kA
54 olar Hkkx 3
,d eqxhZ nky dh irhyh esa Nikd ekjdj Hkkxh vkSj lhèkh tkdj eksjh esa
bl rs”kh ls fiQlyh fd lkjh dhpM+ ekSlh th osQ eq¡g ij iM+h tks cSBh gqbZ
gkFk&eq¡g èkks jgh FkhaA bèkj lkjh eqfxZ;k¡ csuosQy dk m¡QV cuh pkjksa rjI+kQ nkSM+
jgh FkhaA
,d Hkh nM+cs esa tkus dks jkth u FkhA
bèkj] fdlh dks lw>h fd tks HksM+sa vkbZ gqbZ gSa] yxs gkFkksa mUgsa Hkh nkuk f[kyk
fn;k tk,A
fnu&Hkj dh Hkw[kh HksM+sa nkus dk lwi ns[kdj tks lcdh lc >iVha rks
Hkkxdj tkuk dfBu gks x;kA y'Ve&i'Ve r[rksa ij p<+ xb±A ij HksM+&pky
e'kgwj gSA mudh u”kj rks cl nkus osQ lwi ij teh gqbZ FkhA iyaxksa dks
iQyk¡xrh] cjru yq<+dkrh lkFk&lkFk p<+ xb±A
r[r ij ckuh nhnh dk nqi^k iSQyk gqvk Fkk ftl ij xks[kjh] paik vkSj
lyek&flrkjs j[kdj cM+h nhnh eqxykuh cqvk dks oqQN crk jgh FkhaA HksM+sa cgqr
fu%ladksp lcdks jkSanrh] esaxuksa dk fNM+dko djrh gqbZ nkSM+ xb±A
tc rwI+kQku xqtj pqdk rks ,slk yxk tSls teZuh dh lsuk VSadksa vkSj ceckjksa
lfgr mèkj ls Nkik ekjdj xqtj xbZ gksA tgk¡&tgk¡ ls lwi xqtjk] HksM+sa f'kdkjh
oqQÙkksa dh rjg xaèk lw¡?krh gqbZ geyk djrh xb±A
gTtu ek¡ ,d iyax ij nqi^s ls eq¡g <k¡osQ lks jgh FkhaA mu ij ls tks HksM+sa
nkSM+ha rks u tkus og lius esa fdu egyksa dh lSj dj jgh Fkha] nqi^s esa my>h
gqbZ ^ekjks&ekjks* ph[kus yxhaA
brus esa HksM+sa lwi dks Hkwydj rjdkjhokyh dh Vksdjh ij VwV iM+haA og
nkyku esa cSBh eVj dh iQfy;k¡ rksy&rksy dj jlksb, dks ns jgh FkhA og viuh
rjdkjh dk cpko djus osQ fy, lhuk rku dj mB xbZA vkius dHkh HksM+ksa dks
ekjk gksxk] rks vPNh rjg ns[kk gksxk fd cl] ,slk yxrk gS tSls #bZ osQ rfd,
dks owQV jgs gksaA HksM+ dks pksV gh ugha yxrhA fcyoqQy ;g le>dj fd vki
mlls e”kkd dj jgs gSaA og vki gh ij p<+ cSBsxhA ”kjk&lh nsj esa HksM+ksa us
rjdkjh fNydksa lesr vius isV dh dM+kgh esa >kSad nhA
 dkepksj 55
bèkj ;g izy; eph Fkh] mèkj nwljs cPps Hkh ykijokg ugha FksA bruh cM+h
IkQkSt Fkh&ftls jkr dk [kkuk u feyus dh èkedh fey pqdh FkhA os pkj HkSalksa
dk nwèk nqgus ij tqV x,A èkqyh&csèkqyh ckyVh ysdj vkB gkFk pkj Fkuksa ij
fiy iM+sA HkSal ,dne tSls pkjksa iSj tksM+dj mBh vkSj ckyVh dks ykr ekjdj
nwj tk [kM+h gqbZA
r; gqvk fd HkSal dh vxkM+h&fiNkM+h ck¡èk nh tk, vkSj fiQj dkcw esa
ykdj nwèk nqg fy;k tk,A cl] >wys dh jLlh mrkjdj HkSal osQ iSj ck¡èk fn,

x,A fiNys nks iSj pkpk th dh pkjikbZ osQ ik;ksa ls ck¡èk] vxys nks iSjksa dks ck¡èkus
dh dksf'k'k tkjh Fkh fd HkSl
a pkSdUuh dks xbZA NwVdj tks Hkkxh rks igys pkpk
th le>s fd 'kk;n dksbZ liuk ns[k jgs gSAa fiQj tc pkjikbZ ikuh osQ Mªe ls
VdjkbZ vkSj ikuh Nyddj fxjk rks le>s fd vk¡èkh&rwIk+ Qku esa i¡Qls gSAa LkkFk esa
Hkwpky Hkh vk;k gqvk gSA fiQj tYnh gh mUgsa vlyh ckr dk irk py x;k vkSj
og iyax dh nksuksa ifV;k¡ idM+]s cPpksa dks NksM+ nsuos kyksa dks cqjk&Hkyk lqukus yxsA
56 olar Hkkx 3
;gk¡ cM+k e”kk vk jgk FkkA HkSal Hkkxh tk jgh Fkh vkSj ihNs&ihNs pkjikbZ
vkSj ml ij cSBs gq, Fks pkpk thA
vksgks! ,d Hkwy gh gks xbZ ;kuh cNM+k rks [kksyk gh ugha] blfy, rRdky
cNM+k Hkh [kksy fn;k x;kA
rhj fu'kkus ij cSBk vkSj cNM+s dh eerk esa O;koqQy gksdj HkSal us vius
[kqjksa dks czds yxk fn,A cNM+k rRdky tqV x;kA nqgus okys fxykl&dVksjs ysdj
yiosQ D;ksafd ckyVh rks Nikd ls xkscj esa tk fxjh FkhA cNM+k fiQj ckxh gks
x;kA
oqQN nwèk tehu ij vkSj diM+ksa ij fxjkA nks&pkj èkkjsa fxykl&dVksjksa ij Hkh
iM+ xb±A ckdh cNM+k ih x;kA ;g lc oqQN] oqQN feuV osQ rhu&pkSFkkbZ esa gks
x;kA
?kj esa rwI+kQku mB [kM+k gqvkA ,slk yxrk Fkk tSls lkjs ?kj esa eqfxZ;k¡] HksMsa]
VwVs gq, rlys] ckyfV;k¡] yksV]s dVksjs vkSj cPps FksA cPps ckgj fd, x,A eqfxZ;k¡
ckx esa g¡dkbZ xb±A ekre&lk eukrh rjdkjh okyh osQ vk¡lw iksaNs x, vkSj vEek
vkxjk tkus osQ fy, lkeku ck¡èkus yxhaA
^^;k rks cPPkk&jkt dk;e dj yks ;k eq>s gh j[k yksA ugha rks eSa pyh
ek;osQ]** vEek us pqukSrh ns nhA
vkSj vCck us lcoQks drkj esa [kM+k djosQ iwjh cVkfy;u dk dksVZ ek'kZy
dj fn;kA ^^vxj fdlh cPps us ?kj dh fdlh ph”k dks gkFk yxk;k rks cl]
jkr dk [kkuk can gks tk,xkA**
;s yhft,! bUgas fdlh djoV 'kkafr ughaA ge yksxksa us Hkh fu'p; dj fy;k
fd vc pkgs oqQN Hkh gks tk,] fgydj ikuh Hkh ugha fi,¡xsA
μbLer pqxrkbZ
 dkepksj 57

iz'u&vH;kl

dgkuh ls
1- dgkuh esa eksVs&eksVs fdl dke osQ gSa\ fdu osQ ckjs esa vkSj D;ksa dgk
x;k\
2- cPpksa osQ mQ/e epkus osQ dkj.k ?kj dh D;k nqnZ'kk gqbZ\
3- ¶;k rks cPpk jkt dk;e dj yks ;k eq>s gh j[k yksA¸ vEek us dc
dgk\ vkSj bldk ifj.kke D;k gqvk\
4- ^dkepksj* dgkuh D;k lans'k nsrh gS\
5- D;k cPpksa us mfpr fu.kZ; fy;k fd vc pkgs oqQN Hkh gks tk,] fgydj
ikuh Hkh ugha fi,¡xsA

dgkuh ls vkxs
1- ?kj osQ lkekU; dke gksa ;k viuk futh dke] izR;sd O;fDr dks viuh
{kerk osQ vuq:i mUgsa djuk vko';d D;ksa gS\
2- Hkjk&iwjk ifjokj oSQls lq[kn cu ldrk gS vkSj oSQls nq[kn\ dkepksj
dgkuh osQ vk/kj ij fu.kZ; dhft,A
3- cM+s gksrs cPps fdl izdkj ekrk&firk osQ lg;ksxh gks ldrs gSa vkSj fdl
izdkj Hkkj\ dkepksj dgkuh osQ vk/kj ij vius fopkj O;Dr dhft,A
4- ^dkepksj* dgkuh ,dy ifjokj dh dgkuh gS ;k la;qDr ifjokj dh\ bu
nksuksa rjg osQ ifjokjksa esa D;k&D;k varj gksrs gSa\

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

1- ?kjsyw ukSdjksa dks gVkus dh ckr fdu&fdu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa mB ldrh gS\
fopkj dhft,A
2- dgkuh esa ,d le`¼ ifjokj osQ mQ/eh cPpksa dk fp=k.k gSA vkiosQ
vuqeku ls mudh vknr D;ksa fcxM+h gksxh\ mUgsa Bhd <ax ls jgus osQ
fy, vki D;k&D;k lq>ko nsuk pkgsaxs\
58 olar Hkkx 3
3- fdlh liQy O;fDr dh thouh ls mlosQ fo|kFkhZ thou dh fnup;kZ osQ
ckjs esa i<+as vkSj lqO;ofLFkr dk;Z'kSyh ij ,d ys[k fy[ksaA

Hkk"kk dh ckr
¶/qyh&cs/qyh ckyVh ysdj vkB gkFk pkj Fkuksa ij fiy iM+sA¸ /qyh 'kCn
ls igys ^cs* yxkdj cs/qyh cuk gSA ftldk vFkZ gS ^fcuk èkqyh* ^cs* ,d
milxZ gSA ^cs* milxZ ls cuusokys oqQN vkSj 'kCn gSaμ
csrqdk] csbZeku] cs?kj] cspSu] csgks'k vkfnA vki Hkh uhps fy[ks milxks± ls
cuusokys 'kCn [kksft,μ
1- iz -------------
2- vk -------------
3- Hkj -------------
4- cn -------------

'kCnkFkZ
ncSy μ nCcw nM+ck μ eqfxZ;ksa osQ jgus dh txg
?keklku μ ?kksj] Hk;kud eksjh μ ukyh] xans ikuh
iQjeku μ jktkKk dh ukyh
ru[okg μ osru] ixkj csuosQy μ fcuk uosQy (i'kqvksa dh
iQ'khZ μ iQ'kZ ij fcNh gqbZ ukd esa igukbZ tkus okyh
jLlh) osQ
gokyk μ mYys[k djuk] m¼j.k
nkyku μ cjkenk
/qvk¡/kj μ rkcM+rksM+
oqQed μ iQkSth VqdM+h rjdkjh μ lCth
/haxk&eq'rhμ èkDdk&eqDdh] ekre μ 'kksd eukuk
yM+uk&fHkM+uk] cVkfy;u μ iyVu
'kjkjr dksVZ ek'kZy μ iQkSth vnkyr esa ltk
yFkiFk μ luk gqvk] rj lqukus dh rjg
 11
tc flusek us cksyuk lh[kk
^os lHkh ltho gSa] lk¡l ys jgs gSa] 'kr&izfr'kr cksy jgs gSa] vBgÙkj
eqnkZ bulku ftank gks x,] mudks cksyrs] ckrsa djrs ns[kksA* ns'k dh igyh
loko~Q (cksyrh) fiQYe ^vkye vkjk* osQ iksLVjksa ij foKkiu dh ;s iafDr;k¡
fy[kh gqbZ FkhaA 14 ekpZ 1931 dh og ,sfrgkfld rkjh[k Hkkjrh; flusek esa
cM+s cnyko dk fnu FkkA blh fnu igyh ckj Hkkjr osQ flusek us cksyuk
lh[kk FkkA gkyk¡fd og nkSj ,slk Fkk tc ewd flusek yksdfiz;rk osQ f'k[kj
ij FkkA ^igyh cksyrh fiQYe ftl lky iznf'kZr gqbZ] mlh lky dbZ ewd
fiQYesa Hkh fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksa esa cuhaA exj cksyrh fiQYeksa dk u;k nkSj 'kq:
gks x;k FkkA
igyh cksyrh fiQYe vkye
vkjk cukusokys fiQYedkj Fks vnsfZ 'kj
,e-bZjkuhA vnsZf'kj us 1929 esa
gkWyhoqM dh ,d cksyrh fiQYe
^'kks cksV* ns[kh vkSj muosQ eu esa
cksyrh fiQYe cukus dh bPNk txhA
ikjlh jaxeap osQ ,d yksdfiz;
ukVd dks vkèkkj cukdj mUgksaus
viuh fiQYe dh iVdFkk cukbZA
bl ukVd osQ dbZ xkus T;ksa osQ R;ksa
fiQYe esa ys fy, x,A ,d baVjO;w
esa vnsZf'kj us ml oDr dgk
Fkkμ^gekjs ikl dksbZ laokn ys[kd
60 olar Hkkx 3
ugha Fkk] xhrdkj ugha Fkk] laxhrdkj ugha FkkA* bu lcdh 'kq#vkr gksuh
FkhA vnsZf'kj us fiQYe osQ xkuksa osQ fy, Lo;a dh èkqusa pquhaA fiQYe osQ
laxhr esa egt rhu ok|&rcyk] gkjeksfu;e vkSj ok;fyu dk bLrseky
fd;k x;kA vkye vkjk esa laxhrdkj ;k xhrdkj esa Lora=k :i ls fdlh
dk uke ugha Mkyk x;kA bl fiQYe esa igys ik'oZxk;d cus MCyw- ,e-
[kkuA igyk xkuk Fkkμ^ns ns [kqnk osQ uke ij I;kjs] vxj nsus dh rkdr gSA*
vkye vkjk dk laxhr ml le; fMLd iQkWeZ esa fjdkMZ ugha fd;k tk
ldk] fiQYe dh 'kwfVax 'kq: gqbZ rks lkmaM osQ dkj.k gh bldh 'kwfVax jkr
esa djuh iM+rh FkhA ewd ;qx dh vfèkdrj fiQYeksa dks fnu osQ izdk'k esa
'kwV dj fy;k tkrk Fkk] exj vkye vkjk dh 'kwfVax jkr esa gksus osQ dkj.k
blesa Ñf=ke izdk'k O;oLFkk djuh iM+hA ;gha ls izdk'k iz.kkyh cuh tks
vkxs fiQYe fuekZ.k dk t:jh
fgLlk cuhA
^vkye vkjk* us Hkfo";
osQ dbZ LVkj vkSj rduhf'k;u
rks fn, gh] vns Z f 'kj dh
oaQiuh rd us Hkkjrh; flusek
osQ fy, Ms<+ lkS ls vfèkd
ewd vkSj yxHkx lkS loko~Q
fiQYesa cukb±A
vkye vkjk fiQYe
^vjs f c;u ukbV~ l * tS l h
iSQa Vslh FkhA fiQYe us fganh&mnwZ
osQ esyokyh ^fganLq rkuh* Hkk"kk
dks yksdfiz; cuk;kA blesa
xhr] laxhr rFkk u`R; osQ
vuks[ks la;kstu FksA fiQYe dh
 tc flusek us cksyuk lh[kk 61
ukf;dk tqcSnk FkhaA uk;d Fks fo_yA os ml nkSj osQ lokZfèkd ikfjJfed
ikusokys LVkj FksA muosQ p;u dks ysdj Hkh ,d fdLlk dkiQh pfpZr gSA
fo_y dks mnwZ cksyus esa eqf'dysa vkrh FkhaA igys mudk crkSj uk;d p;u
fd;k x;k exj blh deh osQ dkj.k mUgsa gVkdj mudh txg esgcwc dks
uk;d cuk fn;k x;kA fo_y ukjkt gks x, vkSj viuk gd ikus osQ fy,
mUgksaus eqdnek dj fn;kA
ml nkSj esa mudk eqdnek eksgEen vyh ftUuk us yM+k tks rc osQ
e'kgwj odhy gqvk djrs FksA fo_y eqdnek thrs vkSj Hkkjr dh igyh
cksyrh fiQYe osQ uk;d cusA mudh dke;kch vkxs Hkh tkjh jghA ejkBh
vkSj fganh fiQYeksa esa os yacs le; rd uk;d vkSj LVaVeSu osQ :i esa
lfØ; jgsA blosQ vykok ^vkye vkjk* esa lksgjkc eksnh] i`Fohjkt diwj]
;kowQc vkSj txnh'k lsBh tSls vfHkusrk Hkh ekStwn jgs vkxs pydj tks
fiQYeks|ksx osQ izeq[k LraHk cusA
;g fiQYe 14 ekpZ 1931 dks eqacbZ osQ ^eStsfLVd* flusek esa iznf'kZr
gqbAZ fiQYe 8 lIrkg rd ^gkmliqQy* pyh vkSj HkhM+ bruh meM+rh Fkh fd
iqfyl osQ fy, fu;a=k.k djuk eqf'dy gks tk;k djrk FkkA leh{kdksa us bls
^HkM+dhyh iSaQVslh* fiQYe djkj fn;k Fkk exj n'kZdksa osQ fy, ;g fiQYe
,d vuks[kk vuqHko FkhA ;g fiQYe 10 g”kkj iqQV yach Fkh vkSj bls pkj
eghuksa dh dM+h esgur ls rS;kj fd;k x;k FkkA
loko~Q fiQYeksa osQ fy, ikSjkf.kd dFkkvksa] ikjlh jaxeap osQ ukVdksa]
vjch isze&dFkkvksa dks fo"k; osQ :i esa pquk x;kA buosQ vykok dbZ
lkekftd fo"k;ksa okyh fiQYesa Hkh cuhaA ,slh gh ,d fiQYe Fkhμ^[kqnk
dh 'kkuA* blesa ,d fdjnkj egkRek xkaèkh tSlk FkkA blosQ dkj.k loko~Q
flusek dks fczfV'k iz'kkldksa dh rh[kh u”kj dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA
loko~Q flusek osQ u, nkSj dh 'kq#vkr djkusokys fuekZrk&funZs'kd vnZsf'kj
brus fouez Fks fd tc 1956 esa ^vkye vkjk* osQ izn'kZu osQ iPphl o"kZ iwjs
gksus ij mUgsa lEekfur fd;k x;k vkSj mUgsa ^Hkkjrh; loko~Q fiQYeksa dk firk*
62 olar Hkkx 3
dgk x;k rks mUgksua s ml ekSoQs ij dgk Fkk] ¶eq>s bruk cM+k f[krkc nsus dh
t:jr ugha gSA eSua s rks ns'k osQ fy, vius fgLls dk t:jh ;ksxnku fn;k gSA¸
tc igyh ckj flusek us cksyuk lh[k fy;k] flusek esa dke djus osQ
fy, i<+s&fy[ks vfHkusrk&vfHkusf=k;ksa dh t:jr Hkh 'kq: gqbZ D;ksafd vc
laokn Hkh cksyus Fks] fliZQ vfHku; ls dke ugha pyusokyk FkkA ewd fiQYeksa
osQ nkSj eas rks igyoku tSls 'kjhjokys] LVaV djusokys vkSj mNy&owQn djusokys
vfHkusrkvksa ls dke py tk;k djrk FkkA vc mUgsa laokn cksyuk Fkk vkSj
xk;u dh izfrHkk dh dnz Hkh gksus yxh FkhA blfy, ^vkye vkjk* osQ ckn
vkjafHkd ^loko~Q* nkSj dh fiQYeksa esa dbZ ^xk;d&vfHkusrk* cMs+ inZs ij
u”kj vkus yxsA fganh&mnwZ Hkk"kkvksa dk egÙo c<+kA flusek esa nsg vkSj rduhd
dh Hkk"kk dh txg tu izpfyr cksypky dh Hkk"kkvksa dk nkf[kyk gqvkA
flusek ”;knk nslh gqvkA ,d rjg dh u;h vk”kknh Fkh ftlls vkxs pydj
gekjs nSfud vkSj lkoZtfud thou dk izfrfcac fiQYeksa esa csgrj gksdj
mHkjus yxkA
vfHkusrkvksa&vfHkusf=k;ksa dh yksdfiz;rk dk vlj ml nkSj osQ n'kZdksa ij
Hkh [kwc iM+ jgk FkkA ^ekèkqjh* uke dh fiQYe esa ukf;dk lqykspuk dh gs;j
LVkby ml nkSj esa vkSjrksa esa yksdfiz; FkhA vkSjrsa viuh osQ'klTtk mlh rjg
dj jgh FkhaA vnsfZ 'kj bZjkuh dh fiQYeksa esa Hkkjrh; osQ vykok bZjkuh dykdkjksa
us Hkh vfHku; fd;k FkkA Lo;a ^vkye vkjk* Hkkjr osQ vykok Jhyadk]
cekZ vkSj if'pe ,f'k;k esa ilan dh xbZA
Hkkjrh; flusek osQ tud iQkYosQ dks ^loko~Q* flusek osQ tud vnsZf'kj
bZjkuh dh miyfCèk dks viukuk gh Fkk] D;ksfa d ogk¡ ls flusek dk ,d u;k
;qx 'kq: gks x;k FkkA
&iznhi frokjh
 tc flusek us cksyuk lh[kk 63

iz'u&vH;kl
ikB ls
1- tc igyh cksyrh fiQYe iznf'kZr gqbZ rks mlosQ iksLVjksa ij dkSu&ls okD;
Nkis x,\ ml fiQYe esa fdrus psgjs Fks\ Li"V dhft,A
2- igyk cksyrk flusek cukus osQ fy, fiQYedkj vnsZf'kj ,e- bZjkuh dks
izsj.kk dgk¡ ls feyh\ mUgksaus vkye vkjk fiQYe osQ fy, vk/kj dgk¡ ls
fy;k\ fopkj O;Dr dhft,A
3- fo_y dk p;u vkye vkjk fiQYe osQ uk;d osQ :i gqvk ysfdu mUgsa
gVk;k D;ksa x;k\ fo_y us iqu% uk;d gksus osQ fy, D;k fd;k\ fopkj
izdV dhft,A
4- igyh loko~Q fiQYe osQ fuekZrk&funs'kd vnsZf'kj dks tc lEekfur fd;k
x;k rc lEekudrkZvksa us muosQ fy, D;k dgk Fkk\ vnsZf'kj us D;k dgk\
vkSj bl izlax esa ys[kd us D;k fVIi.kh dh gS\ fyf[k,A

ikB ls vkxs
1- ewd flusek esa laokn ugha gksrs] mlesa nSfgd vfHku; dh iz/kurk gksrh gSA
ij] tc flusek cksyus yxk mlesa vusd ifjorZu gq,A mu ifjorZuksa dks
vfHkusrk] n'kZd vkSj oqQN rduhdh n`f"V ls ikB dk vk/kj ysdj [kkstas]
lkFk gh viuh dYiuk dk Hkh lg;ksx ysaA
2- Mc fiQYeas fdls dgrs gSa\ dHkh&dHkh Mc fiQYeksa esa vfHkusrk osQ eq¡g
[kksyus vkSj vkok”k esa varj vk tkrk gSA bldk dkj.k D;k gks ldrk gS\

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

1- fdlh ewd flusek esa fcuk vkok”k osQ BgkosQnkj g¡lh oSQlh fn[ksxh\ vfHku;
djosQ vuqHko dhft,A
2- ewd fiQYe ns[kus dk ,d mik; ;g gS fd vki Vsyhfotu dh vkok”k
can djosQ fiQYe ns[ksaA mldh dgkuh dks le>us dk iz;kl djsa vkSj
vuqeku yxk,¡ fd fiQYe eas laokn vkSj n`'; dh fgLlsnkjh fdruh gS\
64 olar Hkkx&3

Hkk"kk dh ckr
1- loko~Q 'kCn oko~Q osQ igys ^l* yxkus ls cuk gSA l milxZ ls dbZ 'kCn
curs gSaA fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ lkFk ^l* dk milxZ dh Hkk¡fr iz;ksx djosQ
'kCn cuk,¡ vkSj 'kCnkFkZ esa gksusokys ifjorZu dks crk,¡A fgr] ifjokj]
fou;] fp=k] cy] lEekuA
2- milxZ vkSj izR;; nksuksa gh 'kCnka'k gksrs gSaA okD; esa budk vosQyk iz;ksx
ugha gksrkA bu nksuksa esa varj osQoy bruk gksrk gS fd milxZ fdlh Hkh
'kCn esa igys yxrk gS vkSj izR;; ckn esaA ¯gnh osQ lkekU; milxZ bl
izdkj gSaμv@vu] fu] nq] d@oqQ] l@lq] v/] fcu] vkS vkfnA
ikB esa vk, milxZ vkSj izR;; ;qDr 'kCnksa osQ oqQN mnkgj.k uhps fn, tk
jgs gSaμ
ewy 'kCn milxZ izR;; 'kCn
oko~Q l μ loko~Q
ykspuk lq μ lqykspuk
fiQYe μ dkj fiQYedkj
dke;kc μ bZ dke;kch
bl izdkj ds 15&15 mnkgj.k [kkstdj fyf[k, vkSj vius lgikfB;ksa dks
fn[kkb,A

'kCnkFkZ
loko~Q fiQYe μ ewd fiQYe osQ ckn ik'oZxk;d μ insZ osQ ihNs ls
cuh cksyrh fiQYe xkus okyk
iVdFkk μ fiQYe osQ fy, fMLd iQkWeZ μ fjdkWfM±x dk ,d
fy[kh tkus okyh :i
dgkuh fdjnkj μ vfHkusrk dh
laokn μ fiQYe esa dh tkus Hkwfedk] pfj=k
okyh ckrphr f[krkc μ mikfèk] lEeku
 osQoy i<+us osQ fy,

oaQI;wVj xk,xk xhr

fganh fiQYeksa esa xhrksa dk vkxeu vkye vkjk (1931) ls gqvk
vkSj rc ls os vc rd yksdfiz; flusek dk vfuok;Z vax cus gq,
gSaA izkjaHk esa vfHkusrkvksa dks vius xhr [kqn xkus iM+rs Fks tks mlh
le; fjdkWMZ fd, tkrs FksA ckn esa tc ;g eglwl fd;k x;k fd
gj vfHkusrk ;k vfHkus=kh vPNk xk;d Hkh gks ;g t:jh ugha] rks
ik'oZxk;u dh izFkk 'kq: gqbZ vkSj mlls xk;u vkSj Hkh ifj"o`Qr
gqvkA bl chp fjdkWfMZax dh rduhd esa Hkh cgqr lqèkkj gqvk vkSj
mlls Hkh xk;u dh 'kSyh esa ifjorZu gqvkA flusek tSls yksdfiz;
ekè;e esa xhr osQ cksyksa dk egÙo ”;knk gksrk gSA D;ksafd mUgha osQ
ekè;e ls fdlh èkqu dk HkkoukRed izHkko iSnk gksrk gSA
fiQYe laxhr dk mn~xe bl lnh osQ izkjafHkd o"kkZsa esa 'kkL=kh;
laxhr osQ vykok dOokyh] Hktu] dhrZu rFkk yksd&laxhr osQ okrkoj.k
esa gqvkA yksd&ukV~; rFkk is'ksoj Vwfjax fFk,Vj daifu;ksa dk izHkko
Hkh 'kq: osQ fiQYeh xhrksa ij FkkA pw¡fd mu fnuksa ekbØksiQksu rFkk
ykmMLihdj tSlh ph”ksa ugha Fkha] [kqyh gqbZ m¡Qph Li"V vkok”k esa
xkuk lcls cM+ k vkS j
vfuok;Z xq.k gksrk FkkA xk;d
dks nwj&nwj rd cSBh HkhM+ rd
viuh vkok”k igqp ¡ kuh gksrh FkhA
izkjafHkd fiQYeksa ij fFk,Vj dk
vlj Fkk] izkjafHkd cksyrh
fiQYeks a os Q fy, xk;d Hkh
fFk;sVj ls vk,A ;g fFk,Vj
66 olar Hkkx&3
ijaijkxr :i ls iq#"kksa dk Fkk ftlesa efgyk ik=kksa dh Hkwfedk,¡
Hkh iq#"k gh djrs FksA ysfdu flusek pw¡fd dgha vfèkd ;FkkFkZoknh
ekè;e gS] mlesa ;g ph”k ugha py ldrh FkhA vr% tks xkf;dk,¡
fiQYeksa osQ fy, vkb± os LokHkkfod gh fHk {ks=k dh FkhaA ;s ml
is'ksoj xkf;dkvksa osQ oxZ ls vkb± tks egfiQyksa esa vkSj 'kkfn;ksa ;k
lkyfxjgksa ij eqtjs is'k djrh FkhaA
bl 'kSyh dks fiQYe laxhr dk igyk pj.k dgk tk ldrk
gSA ;s xkf;dk,¡ tjk ukd esa cSBh vkok”k esa xkrh FkhaA xhrksa osQ
cksy Hkh os tjk cukoVh <ax ls pckdj] vnk djrh FkhaA tYnh
gh xkf;dkvksa us lqowQu nsusokyh 'kSyh esa xkuk 'kq: dj fn;kA
u;h 'kSyh dk mnkgj.k dkuuckyk dk xk;k ^tokc cuk xhr*]
^nqfu;k ;s nqfu;k rwiQkuesy* FkkA
fiQYeh xk;u osQ bl nwljs nkSj esa ,slh cgqr izfrHkk,¡ lkeus
vkb± ftUgksaus viuh vkok”k dks ekbozQksiQksu osQ vuqowQy LokHkkfod
fip (lwj) ij <kyus esa liQyrk ikbZA 'ke'kkn csxe] lqjS;k]
uwjtgk¡ rFkk oaqQnuyky lgxy buesa 'kkfey FksA
lgxy osQ lkFk gh fiQYeh xk;u dk nwljk nkSj lekIr gqvkA
ekbozQksiQksu osQ mi;qDr u;h vkok”ksa vkb±A eksgEen jiQh] eqosQ'k]
gsear oqQekj] eUukMs] fd'kksj oqQekj] ryr egewn lHkh ewyr%
xk;d FksA yrk eaxs'kdj osQ lkFk xkf;dkvksa osQ {ks=k esa u, ;qx
dh 'kq:vkr gqbZA muosQ daB dh rk”kxh vkSj vkd"kZ.k us xk;dh
osQ izfrekuksa dks gh cny fn;kA buosQ vfrfjDr vk'kk Hkksalys]
xhrk nÙk] lqeu dY;k.kiqjh vkfn xkf;dkvksa us viuh [kkl 'kSyh
fodflr dhA
Hkfo"; esa D;k gksxk\ D;k gekjs yksdfiz; flusek ij xhr
vc Hkh igys dh rjg gkoh cus jgsaxs\ D;k fur u, midj.kksa
osQ vkus osQ ckn vkok”k osQ lqjhysiu dh t:jr mruh ugha jg
tk,xh\ vkSj fdls irk fdlh fnu oaQI;wVj ,slh vkok”k cukdj
j[k ns tks fdlh Hkh ekuoh; vkok”k ls ”;knk eqdEey gks!

μÍfRod ?kVd
 12
lqnkek pfjr

lhl ixk u >¡xk ru esa] izHkq! tkus dks vkfg cls osQfg xzkekA
/ksrh iQVh&lh yVh nqiVh] v# ik¡; mikug dks u¯g lkekAA
}kj [kM+ks f}t nqcZy ,d] jáks pfdlkas clq/k vfHkjkekA
iwNr nhun;ky dks /ke] crkor vkiuks uke lqnkekAA

,sls csgky fcokbu lksa] ix oaQVd tky yxs iqfu tks,A

gk;! egknq[k ik;ks l[kk] rqe vk, brS u fdrS fnu [kks,AA
nsf[k lqnkek dh nhu nlk] d#uk dfjoSQ d#ukfuf/ jks,A
ikuh ijkr dks gkFk Nq;ks ufga] uSuu ds ty lksa ix /ks,AA

dNq HkkHkh gedks fn;ks] lks rqe dkgs u nsrA

pk¡fi iksVjh dk¡[k esa] jgs dgks dsfg gsrqAA

vkxs puk xq#ekrq n, rs] y, rqe pkfc gesa ufga nhusA

L;ke dg~;ks eqldk; lqnkek lksa] ¶pksjh dh cku esa gkS tw izohusAA
iksVfj dk¡[k esa pk¡fi jgs rqe] [kksyr ukfga lq/k jl HkhusA
ikfNfy ckfu vtkS u rtks rqe] rSlbZ HkkHkh ds ranqy dhUgsAA¸
68 olar Hkkx 3
og iqydfu] og mfB feyfu] og vknj dh ckrA
og iBofu xksiky dh] dNw u tkuh tkrAA
dgk Hk;ks tks vc Hk;ks] gfj dks jkt&lektA
gkSa vkor ukgha gqrkS] okgh iB;ks BsfyAA
?kj&?kj dj vksMr+ fiQjs] rud ngh osQ dktA
vc dfggkSa leq>k; oSQ] cgq /u /jkS ldsfyAA

oSlksbZ jkt&lekt cus] xt] ckft ?kus eu laHkze Nk;ksA

oSQ/ksa ij~;ks dgq¡ ekjx Hkwfy] fd iSQfj oSQ eSa vc }kjdk vk;ksAA
HkkSu fcyksfdcs dks eu ykspr] vc lkspr gh lc xk¡o e>k;ksA
iw¡Nr ikM+s fiQjs lc lksa ij] >ksijh dks dgq¡ [kkst u ik;ksA

oSQ og VwVh&lh Nkuh grh] dg¡ oaQpu osQ vc /ke lqgkorA

oSQ ix esa iugh u grh] dg¡ yS xtjktgq Bk<+s egkorAA
Hkwfe dBksj iS jkr dVS] dg¡ dksey lst iS uhan u vkorAA
osQ tqjrks ufga dksnks lok¡] izHkq ds ijrki rs nk[k u HkkorAA
&ujksÙkenkl

iz'u&vH;kl

dfork ls
1- lqnkek dh nhun'kk ns[kdj JhÑ".k dh D;k euksn'kk gqbZ\ vius 'kCnksa
esa fyf[k,A
2- ¶ikuh ijkr dks gkFk Nq;ks ufga] uSuu osQ ty lksa ix /ks,A¸ iafDr esa
of.kZr Hkko dk o.kZu vius 'kCnksa esa dhft,A
3- ¶pksjh dh cku esa gkS tw izohusA¸
 lqnkek pfjr 69
(d) mi;qZDr iafDr dkSu] fdlls dg jgk gS\
([k) bl dFku dh i`"BHkwfe Li"V dhft,A
(x) bl mikyaHk (f'kdk;r) osQ ihNs dkSu&lh ikSjkf.kd dFkk gS\
5- }kjdk ls [kkyh gkFk ykSVrs le; lqnkek ekxZ eas D;k&D;k lksprs tk jgs
Fks\ og Ñ".k osQ O;ogkj ls D;ksa [kh> jgs Fks\ lqnkek osQ eu dh nqfoèkk
dks vius 'kCnksa esa izdV dhft,A
6- vius xk¡o ykSVdj tc lqnkek viuh >ksaiM+h ugha [kkst ik, rc muosQ eu
esa D;k&D;k fopkj vk,\ dfork osQ vk/kj ij Li"V dhft,A
7- fu/Zurk osQ ckn feyusokyh laiUurk dk fp=k.k dfork dh vafre iafDr;ksa
esa of.kZr gSA mls vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A

dfork ls vkxs
1- nzqin vkSj nzks.kkpk;Z Hkh lgikBh Fks] budh fe=krk vkSj 'k=kqrk dh dFkk
egkHkkjr ls [kkstdj lqnkek osQ dFkkud ls rqyuk dhft,A
2- mPp in ij igq¡pdj ;k vf/d le`¼ gksdj O;fDr vius fu/Zu
ekrk&firk&HkkbZ&ca/qvksa ls utj isQjus yx tkrk gS] ,sls yksxksa osQ fy,
lqnkek pfjr oSQlh pqukSrh [kM+h djrk gS\ fyf[k,A

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

1- vuqeku dhft, ;fn vkidk dksbZ vfHkUu fe=k vkils cgqr o"kks± ckn
feyus vk, rks vki dks oSQlk vuqHko gksxk\
2- dfg jghe laifr lxs] cur cgqr cgq jhfrA
foifr dlkSVh ts dls rsbZ lk¡ps ehrAA
bl nksgs esa jghe us lPps fe=k dh igpku crkbZ gSA bl nksgs ls lqnkek
pfjr dh lekurk fdl izdkj fn[krh gS\ fyf[k,A

Hkk"kk dh ckr
y ¶ikuh ijkr dks gkFk Nq;ks ufga] uSuu osQ ty lks ix /ks,¸
mQij fy[kh xbZ iafDr dks è;ku ls if<+,A blesa ckr dks cgqr vf/d
70 olar Hkkx 3
c<+k&p<+kdj fpf=kr fd;k x;k gSA tc fdlh ckr dks bruk c<+k&p<+kdj
izLrqr fd;k tkrk gS rks ogk¡ ij vfr'k;ksfDr vyadkj gksrk gSA vki Hkh
dfork esa ls ,d vfr'k;ksfDr vyadkj dk mnkgj.k Nk¡fV,A

oqQN djus dks

1- bl dfork dks ,dkadh esa cnfy, vkSj mldk vfHku; dhft,A
2- dfork osQ mfpr lLoj okpu dk vH;kl dhft,A
3- ^fe=krk* laca/h nksgksa dk ladyu dhft,A

'kCnkFkZ
ixk μixM+h ijkr μ Fkkyh dh 'kDy dk
>¡xk μ<hyk oqQjrk ihry vkfn dk ,d
vkfg μgS cM+k vkS j xgjk
cjru
yVh μyVduk
ikfNyh μ fiNyk
nqiVh μvaxksNk] xeNk
iqydfu μ [kq'kh] meax
mikug μtwrk
iBofu μ Hkstuk] fonkbZ
f}t μczkã.k
fcyksfdcs μ ns[kuk
pfdlkas μpfdr] fofLer
e>k;ks μ chp esa
olqèkk μi`Foh
lqgkor μ lqanj@Hkyk yxuk
fcokbu μik¡o dh peM+h dk
iQVuk iugh μ twrk
vfHkjkek μ lqanj egkor μ gkFkhoku
tks, μ <w¡<+uk tqjr μ cgknqjh] lkgl
 13
tgk¡ ifg;k gS

iq Mqdks^bZ (rfeyukMq)% lkbfdy pykuk ,d lkekftd vkanksyu gS\ oqQN

vthc&lh ckr gSμgS u! ysfdu pkSadus dh ckr ugha gSA iqMqdks^bZ f”kys
dh g”kkjksa uolk{kj xzkeh.k efgykvksa osQ fy, ;g vc vke ckr gSA vius
fiNM+siu ij ykr ekjus] viuk fojksèk O;Dr djus vkSj mu ”kathjksa dks
rksM+us dk ftuesa os tdM+s gq, gSa] dksbZ&u&dksbZ rjhdk yksx fudky gh ysrs
gSaA dHkh&dHkh ;s rjhosQ vthcks&xjhc gksrs gSaA
Hkkjr osQ lokZfèkd xjhc f”kyksa esa ls ,d gS iqMd q ks^bZA fiNys fnuksa ;gk¡
dh xzkeh.k efgykvksa us viuh
Lokèkhurk] vk”kknh vkSj xfr'khyrk dks
vfHkO;Dr djus osQ fy, izrhd osQ :i
esa lkbfdy dks pquk gSA muesa ls
vfèkdka'k uolk{kj FkhaA vxj ge nl
o"kZ ls de mez dh yM+fd;ksa dks vyx
dj nsa rks bldk vFkZ ;g gksxk fd ;gk¡
xzkeh.k efgykvksa osQ ,d&pkSFkkbZ fgLls
us lkbfdy pykuk lh[k fy;k gS vkSj
bu efgykvksa esa ls lÙkj g”kkj ls Hkh
vfèkd efgykvksa us ^izn'kZu ,oa
izfr;ksfxrk* tSls lkoZtfud dk;ZØeksa esa
cM+s xoZ osQ lkFk vius u, dkS'ky dk
72 olar Hkkx 3
izn'kZu fd;k vkSj vHkh Hkh muesa lkbfdy pykus dh bPNk tkjh gSA ogk¡
blosQ fy, dbZ ^izf'k{k.k f'kfoj* py jgs gSAa
xzkeh.k iqMqdks^bZ osQ eq[; bykdksa esa vR;ar :f<+oknh i`"BHkwfe ls vkb±
;qok eqfLye yM+fd;k¡ lM+dksa ls viuh lkbfdyksa ij tkrh gqbZ fn[kkbZ nsrh
gSaA tehyk choh uked ,d ;qorh us ftlus lkbfdy pykuk 'kq: fd;k
gS] eq>ls dgkμ¶;g esjk vfèkdkj gS] vc ge dgha Hkh tk ldrs gSaA vc
gesa cl dk bar”kkj ugha djuk iM+rkA eq>s irk gS fd tc eSaus lkbfdy
pykuk 'kq: fd;k rks yksx I+kQfCr;k¡ dlrs FksA ysfdu eSaus ml ij dksbZ
è;ku ugha fn;kA¸
iQkfrek ,d ekè;fed LowQy esa i<+krh gSa vkSj mUgsa lkbfdy pykus dk
,slk pko yxk gS fd gj 'kke vkèkk ?kaVs osQ fy, fdjk, ij lkbfdy ysrh
gSaA ,d u;h lkbfdy [kjhnus dh mudh gSfl;r ugha gSA iQkfrek us crk;k
fdμ¶lkbfdy pykus esa ,d [kkl rjg dh vk”kknh gSA geas fdlh ij
fuHkZj ugha jguk iM+rkA eSa dHkh bls ugha NksM¡+wxhA¸ tehyk] iQkfrek vkSj
mudh fe=k vodUuhμbu lcdh mez 20 o"kZ osQ vklikl gS vkSj bUgksaus
vius leqnk; dh vusd ;qofr;ksa dks lkbfdy pykuk fl[kk;k gSA
bl f”kys esa lkbfdy dh èkwe eph gqbZ gSA bldh iz'kaldksa esa gSa efgyk
[ksfrgj e”knwj] iRFkj [knkuksa esa e”knwjh djusokyh vkSjrsa vkSj xk¡oksa esa dke
djusokyh uls±A ckyokM+h vkSj vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZ] cs'kdherh iRFkjksa dks
rjk'kus esa yxh vkSjrsa vkSj LowQy dh vè;kfidk,¡ Hkh lkbfdy dk tedj
bLrseky dj jgh gSaA xzke lsfodk,¡ vkSj nksigj dk Hkkstu igq¡pkusokyh
vkSjrsa Hkh ihNs ugha gSAa lcls cM+h la[;k mu yksxksa dh gS tks vHkh uolk{kj
gqbZ gSaA ftl fdlh uolk{kj vFkok u;h&u;h lkbfdy pykusokyh efgyk
ls eSaus ckrphr dh] mlus lkbfdy pykus vkSj viuh O;fDrxr vk”kknh
osQ chp ,d lhèkk lacaèk crk;kA
lkbfdy vkanksyu dh ,d vxqvk dk dguk gS] ¶eq[; ckr ;g gS fd
bl vkanksyu us efgykvksa dks cgqr vkRefo'okl iznku fd;kA egRoiw.kZ ;g
 tgk¡ ifg;k gS 73
gS fd blus iq#"kksa ij mudh fuHkZjrk de dj nh gSA vc ge izk;% ns[krs
gSa fd dksbZ vkSjr viuh lkbfdy ij pkj fdyksehVj rd dh nwjh vklkuh
ls r; dj ikuh ykus tkrh gSA dHkh&dHkh lkFk esa mlosQ cPps Hkh gksrs gSaA
;gk¡ rd fd lkbfdy ls nwljs LFkkuksa ls lkeku <ksus dh O;oLFkk Hkh [kqn
gh dh tk ldrh gSA ysfdu ;dhu ekfu,] tc bUgksaus lkbfdy pykuk
'kq: fd;k rks bu ij yksxksa us tedj izgkj fd;k ftls bUgsa >syuk iM+kA
xanh&xanh fVIif.k;k¡ dh xb± ysfdu èkhjs&èkhjs lkbfdy pykus dks lkekftd
LohÑfr feyhA blfy, efgykvksa us bls viuk fy;kA
lkbfdy izf'k{k.k f'kfoj ns[kuk ,d vlkèkkj.k vuqHko gSA fdykoqQ#fp
xk¡o esa lHkh lkbfdy lh[kusokyh efgyk,¡ jfookj dks bd_h gqbZ FkhaA
lkbfdy pykus osQ vkanksyu osQ leFkZu esa ,sls vkosx ns[kdj dksbZ Hkh gSjku
gq, fcuk ugha jg ldrkA mUgsa bls lh[kuk gh gSA lkbfdy us mUgsa iq#"kksa
}kjk Fkksis x, nk;js osQ vanj jks”kejkZ dh f?klh&fiVh ppkZ ls ckgj fudyus
dk jkLrk fn[kk;kA ;s
uo&lkbfdy pkyd xkus
Hkh xkrh gSaA mu xkuksa esa
lkbfdy pykus dks
izksRlkgu fn;k x;k gSA
buesa ls ,d xkus dh
iafDr dk Hkko gSμ^vks
cfguk] vk lh[kas
lkbfdy] ?kwesa le; osQ
ifg, lax---*
ftUgsa lkbfdy pykus
dk izf'k{k.k fey pqdk
gS muesa ls cgqr cM+h
la[;k esa lkbfdy lh[k
74 olar Hkkx 3
pqdh efgyk,¡ vHkh u;h&u;h lkbfdy lh[kusokyh efgykvksa dks Hkjiwj
lg;ksx nsrh gSaA muesa ;gk¡ u osQoy lh[kus&fl[kkus dh bPNk fn[kkbZ nsrh
gS_ cfYd muosQ chp ;g mRlkg Hkh fn[kkbZ nsrk gS fd lHkh efgykvksa dks
lkbfdy pykuk lh[kuk pkfg,A
1992 esa varjkZ"Vªh; efgyk fnol osQ ckn vc ;g f”kyk dHkh Hkh
igys tSlk ugha gks ldrkA gSaMy ij >afM;k¡ yxk,] ?kafV;k¡ ctkrs gq,
lkbfdy ij lokj 1500 efgykvksa us iqMd q ks^bZ esa rwI+kQku yk fn;kA efgykvksa
dh lkbfdy pykus dh bl rS;kjh us ;gk¡ jgusokyksa dks gDdk&cDdk dj
fn;kA
bl lkjs ekeys ij iq#"kksa dh D;k jk; Fkh\ blosQ i{k esa ^vkj- lkbfdYl*
osQ ekfyd dks rks jguk gh FkkA bl vosQys Mhyj osQ ;gk¡ ysMh”k lkbfdy dh
fcØh esa lky Hkj osQ vanj dkiQh o`f¼ gqbZA ekuk tk ldrk gS fd bl vk¡dM+s
dks nks dkj.kksa ls de djosQ vk¡dk x;kA igyh ckr rks ;g gS fdμ<sj lkjh
efgykvksa us tks ysMh”k lkbfdy dk bar”kkj ugha dj ldrh Fkha] tsaV~l
lkbfdysa [kjhnus yxhaA nwljs] ml Mhyj us cM+h lroZQrk osQ lkFk ;g tkudkjh
eq>s nh Fkhμmls yxk fd eSa fcØh dj foHkkx dk dksbZ vkneh gw¡A
oqQfnfe vUukeykbZ dh fpyfpykrh èkwi esa ,d vn~Hkqr n`'; dh rjg
iRFkj osQ [knkuksa esa nkSMr+ h&Hkkxrh ckbZl o"khZ; euksjeuh dks yksxksa us lkbfdy
fl[kykrs ns[kkA mlus eq>s crk;kμ¶gekjk bykdk eq[; 'kgj ls dVk gqvk
gSA ;gk¡ tks lkbfdy pykuk tkurs gSa mudh xfr'khyrk c<+ tkrh gSA¸
lkbfdy pykus osQ cgqr fuf'pr vkfFkZd fufgrkFkZ FksA blls vk; esa
o`f¼ gqbZ gSA ;gk¡ dh oqQN efgyk,¡ vxy&cxy osQ xk¡oksa esa o`Qf"k lacaèkh
vFkok vU; mRikn csp vkrh gSaA lkbfdy dh otg ls clksa osQ bar”kkj esa
O;; gksus okyk mudk le; cp tkrk gSA [kjkc ifjogu O;oLFkk okys
LFkkuksa osQ fy, rks ;g cgqr egRoiw.kZ gSA nwljs] blls bUgsa bruk le; fey
tkrk gS fd ;s vius lkeku cspus ij ”;knk è;ku osaQfnzr dj ikrh gaSA
rhljs] blls ;s vkSj vfèkd bykdksa esa tk ikrh gSaA vafre ckr ;g gS fd
 tgk¡ ifg;k gS 75
vxj vki pkgsa rks blls vkjke djus dk dkI+kQh le; fey ldrk gSA
ftu NksVs mRikndksa dks clksa dk bar”kkj djuk iM+rk Fkk] cl LVkWi rd
igq¡pus osQ fy, Hkh firk] HkkbZ] ifr ;k csVksa ij fuHkZj jguk iM+rk FkkA os
viuk lkeku cspus osQ fy, oqQN fxus&pqus xk¡oksa rd gh tk ikrh FkhaA oqQN
dks iSny gh pyuk
iM+ r k FkkA ftuos Q
ikl lkbfdy ugha gS
os vc Hkh iSny gh
tkrh gaSA fiQj mUgsa
cPpksa dh ns[kHkky osQ
fy, ;k ihus dk
ikuh ykus tSls ?kjsyw
dkeksa osQ fy, Hkh
tYnh gh Hkkxdj ?kj
igq¡puk iM+rk FkkA
vc ftuosQ ikl
lkbfdysa gSa os lkjk
dke fcuk fdlh
fnDdr osQ dj ysrh
gSaA bldk vFkZ ;g
gqvk fd vc vki
fdlh lqulku jkLrs
ij Hkh ns[k ldrs gSa
fd dks b Z ;q o k&ek¡
lkbfdy ij vkxs vius cPps dks cSBk,] ihNs oSQfj;j ij lkeku ykns pyh
tk jgh gSA og vius lkFk ikuh ls Hkjs nks ;k rhu crZu fy, vius ?kj ;k
dke ij tkrh ns[kh tk ldrh gSA
76 olar Hkkx 3
vU; igyqvksa ls ”;knk vkfFkZd igyw ij gh cy nsuk xyr gksxkA
lkbfdy izf'k{k.k ls efgykvksa osQ vanj vkRelEeku dh Hkkouk iSnk gqbZ gS
;g cgqr egRoiw.kZ gSA iQkfrek dk dguk gSμ¶cs'kd] ;g ekeyk osQoy
vkfFkZd ugha gSA¸ iQkfrek us ;g ckr bl rjg dgh ftlls eq>s yxk fd
eSa fdruh ew[kZrkiw.kZ <ax ls lksp jgk FkkA mlus vkxs dgkμ¶lkbfdy pykus
ls esjh dkSu lh dekbZ gksrh gSA eSa rks iSls gh x¡okrh gw¡A esjs ikl brus iSls
ugha gSa fd eSa lkbfdy [kjhn low¡QA ysfdu gj 'kke eSa fdjk, ij lkbfdy
ysrh gw¡ rkfd eSa vk”kknh vkSj [kq'kgkyh dk vuqHko dj low¡QA¸ iqMqdks^bZ
igq¡pus ls igys eSaus bl fouez lokjh osQ ckjs esa dHkh bl rjg lkspk gh
ugha FkkA eSaus dHkh lkbfdy dks vk”kknh dk izrhd ugha le>rk FkkA
,d efgyk us crk;kμ¶yksxksa osQ fy, ;g le>uk cM+k dfBu gS fd
xzkeh.k efgykvksa osQ fy, ;g fdruh cM+h ph”k gSA muosQ fy, rks ;g
gokbZ tgk”k mM+kus tSlh cM+h miyfCèk gSA yksx bl ij g¡l ldrs gSa
ysfdu osQoy ;gk¡ dh vkSjrsa gh le> ldrh gSa fd muosQ fy, ;g
fdruk egRoiw.kZ gSA tks iq#"k bldk fojksèk djrs gSa] os tk,¡ vkSj Vgysa
D;ksafd tc lkbfdy pykus dh ckr vkrh gS] os efgykvksa dh cjkcjh dj
gh ugha ldrsA¸
μih- lkbZukFk

iz'u&vH;kl
tathjsa
¶---mu tathjksa dks rksM+us dk ftuesa os tdM+s gq, gSa] dksbZ&u&dksbZ rjhdk yksx
fudky gh ysrs gSa---¸
1- vkiosQ fopkj ls ys[kd ^tathjksa* }kjk fdu leL;kvksa dh vksj b'kkjk dj
jgk gS\
 tgk¡ ifg;k gS 77
2- D;k vki ys[kd dh bl ckr ls lger gSa\ vius mÙkj dk dkj.k Hkh
crkb,A

ifg;k
1- ^lkbfdy vkanksyu* ls iqMqdks^bZ dh efgykvksa osQ thou esa dkSu&dkSu ls
cnyko vk, gSa\
2- 'kq:vkr esa iq#"kksa us bl vkanksyu dk fojksèk fd;k ijarq vkj- lkbfdYl
osQ ekfyd us bldk leFkZu fd;k] D;ksa\
3- izkjaHk esa bl vkanksyu dks pykus esa dkSu&dkSu lh ckèkk vkbZ\

'kh"kZd dh ckr
1- vkiosQ fopkj ls ys[kd us bl ikB dk uke ^tgk¡ ifg;k gS* D;ksa j[kk
gksxk\
2- vius eu ls bl ikB dk dksbZ nwljk 'kh"kZd lq>kb,A vius fn, gq, 'kh"kZd
osQ i{k esa roZQ nhft,A

le>us dh ckr
¶yksxksa osQ fy, ;g le>uk cM+k dfBu gS fd xzkeh.k vkSjrksa osQ fy, ;g
fdruh cM+h ph”k gSA muosQ fy, rks ;g gokbZ tgk”k mM+kus tSlh cM+h
miyfCèk gSA¸
1- lkbfdy pykuk xzkeh.k efgykvksa osQ fy, bruk egRoiw.kZ D;ksa gS\ lewg
cukdj ppkZ dhft,A
¶iqMqdks^bZZ igq¡pus ls igys eSaus bl fouez lokjh osQ ckjs esa bl rjg
lkspk gh ugha FkkA¸
2- lkbfdy dks fouez lokjh D;ksa dgk x;k gS\

lkbfdy
1- iQkfrek us dgk]¸---eSa fdjk, ij lkbfdy ysrh gw¡ rkfd eSa vk”kknh vkSj
[kq'kgkyh dk vuqHko dj low¡QA¸
78 olar Hkkx&3
lkbfdy pykus ls iQkfrek vkSj iqMqdks^bZ dh efgykvksa dks ^vk”kknh* dk
vuqHko D;ksa gksrk gksxk\

dYiuk ls
1- iqMqdks^bZ esa dksbZ efgyk vxj pquko yM+rh rks viuk ikVhZ&fpÉ D;k
cukrh vkSj D;ksa\
2- vxj nqfu;k osQ lHkh ifg, gM+rky dj nas rks D;k gksxk\
3- ¶1992 esa varjkZ"Vªh; efgyk fnol osQ ckn vc ;g f”kyk dHkh Hkh
igys tSlk ugha gks ldrkA¸
bl dFku dk vfHkizk; Li"V dhft,A
4- eku yhft, vki ,d laoknnkrk gSasA vkidks 8 ekpZ 1992 osQ fnu iqMqdks^bZ
esa gqbZ ?kVuk dk lekpkj rS;kj djuk gSA ikB esa nh xbZ lwpukvksa vkSj
viuh dYiuk osQ vk/kj ij ,d lekpkj rS;kj dhft,A
5- vxys i`"B ij nh x;h ^firk osQ ckn* dfork if<+,A D;k dfork esa vkSj
iQkfrek dh ckr esa dksbZ lacaèk gks ldrk gS\ vius fopkj fyf[k,A

Hkk"kk dh ckr
milxk±s vkSj izR;;ksa osQ ckjs esa vki tku pqosQ gSaA bl ikB esa vk,
milxZ;qDr 'kCnksa dks Nk¡fV,A muosQ ewy 'kCn Hkh fyf[k,A vkidh lgk;rk
osQ fy, bl ikB esa iz;qDr oqQN ^milxZ* vkSj ^izR;;* bl izdkj gSaμvfHk]
iz] vuq] ifj] fo(milxZ)] bd] okyk] rk] ukA

'kCnkFkZ
iQCrh μ pksV djus okyh ;k pqHkrh ckr
;dhu μ fo'okl
f?klhfiVh μ tks cgqr fnuksa ls pyk vk jgk gks] iqjkuh
 firk osQ ckn

osQoy i<+us osQ fy,

firk osQ ckn

yM+fd;k¡ f[kyf[kykrh gSa rs”k èkwi esa]
yM+fd;k¡ f[kyf[kykrh gSa rs”k ckfj'k esa]
yM+fd;k¡ g¡lrh gSa gj ekSle esaA
yM+fd;k¡ firk osQ ckn l¡Hkkyrh gaS
firk osQ firk ls feyh nqdku]
yM+fd;k¡ okfjl gaS firk dhA
yM+fd;ksa us lesV fy;k
ek¡ dks firk osQ ckn]
yM+fd;k¡ gksrh gSa ek¡A
nqdku ij cSB yM+fd;k¡
lqurh gSa iwoZtksa dh izfrèofu;k¡]
mnkl xhrksa esa os <w¡<+ ysrh gSa thou jkx]
èkwi esa] ckfj'k esa]
gj ekSle esa f[kyf[kykrh gSa yM+fd;k¡A
μeqDrk
 14
vdcjh yksVk
ykyk >kÅyky dks [kkus&ihus dh deh ugha FkhA dk'kh osQ BBsjh ck”kkj
esa edku FkkA uhps dh nqdkuksa ls ,d lkS #i;s ekfld osQ djhc fdjk;k
mrj vkrk FkkA vPNk [kkrs Fks] vPNk igurs Fks] ij <kbZ lkS #i;s rks ,d
lkFk vk¡[k lsadus osQ fy, Hkh u feyrs FksA
blfy, tc mudh iRuh us ,d fnu ,dk,d <kbZ lkS #i;s dh ek¡x
is'k dh] rc mudk th ,d ckj ”kksj ls luluk;k vkSj fiQj cSB x;kA
mudh ;g n'kk ns[kdj iRuh us dgkμ¶Mfj, er] vki nsus esa vleFkZ gksa
rks eSa vius HkkbZ ls ek¡x yw¡\¸
 vdcjh yksVk 81
ykyk >kÅyky fryfeyk mBsA mUgksaus jksc osQ lkFk dgkμ¶vth gVks]
<kbZ lkS #i;s osQ fy, HkkbZ ls Hkh[k ek¡xksxh] eq>ls ys ysukA¸
¶ysfdu eq>s blh ¯”knxh esa pkfg,A¸
¶vth blh lIrkg esa ys ysukA¸
¶lIrkg ls vkidk rkRi;Z lkr fnu ls gS ;k lkr o"kZ ls\¸
ykyk >kÅyky us jksc osQ lkFk [kM+s gksrs gq, dgkμ¶vkt ls lkrosa
fnu eq>ls <kbZ lkS #i;s ys ysukA¸
ysfdu tc pkj fnu T;ksa&R;ksa esa ;ksa gh chr x, vkSj #i;ksa dk dksbZ
izcaèk u gks ldk rc mUgsa ¯prk gksus yxhA iz'u viuh izfr"Bk dk Fkk]
vius gh ?kj esa viuh lk[k dk FkkA nsus dk iDdk oknk djosQ vxj vc
ns u losQ rks vius eu esa og D;k lkspsxh\ mldh u”kjksa esa mldk D;k
ewY; jg tk,xk\ viuh okgokgh dh lSdM+ksa xkFkk,¡ lquk pqosQ FksA vc tks
,d dke iM+k rks pkjksa [kkus fpr gks jgsA ;g igyh ckj mlus eqg¡ [kksydj
oqQN #i;ksa dk loky fd;k FkkA bl le; vxj nqe nckdj fudy Hkkxrs
gSa rks fiQj mls D;k eq¡g fn[kyk,¡xs\
[kSj] ,d fnu vkSj chrkA ik¡posa fnu ?kcjkdj mUgksaus ia- fcyoklh feJ
dks viuh foink lqukbZA la;ksx oqQN ,slk fcxM+k Fkk fd fcyoklh th Hkh
ml le; fcyoqQy [kqD[k FksA mUgksua s dgkμ¶esjs ikl gaS rks ugha ij eSa dgha
ls ek¡x&tk¡pdj ykus dh dksf'k'k d:¡xk vkSj vxj fey x;k rks dy 'kke
dks rqels edku ij feyw¡xkA¸
ogh 'kke vkt FkhA gÝrs + dk vafre fnuA dy <kbZ lkS #i;s ;k rks
fxu nsuk gS ;k lkjh gsadM+h ls gkFk èkksuk gSA ;g lp gS fd dy #i;k
u vkus ij mudh L=kh mUgsa MkeyiQk¡lh u dj nsxhμosQoy ”kjk&lk g¡l
nsxhA ij og oSQlh g¡lh gksxh] dYiuk ek=k ls >kÅyky esa ejksM+ iSnk gks
tkrh FkhA
vkt 'kke dks ia- fcyoklh feJ dks vkuk FkkA ;fn u vk, rks\ ;k
dgha #i;s dk izcaèk os u dj losQ\
82 olar Hkkx 3
blh mèksM+&cqu esa iM+s ykyk >kÅyky Nr ij Vgy jgs FksA oqQN I;kl
ekywe gqbZA mUgksaus ukSdj dks vkok”k nhA ukSdj ugha Fkk] [kqn mudh iRuh
ikuh ysdj vkb±A
og ikuh rks ”k:j ykb± ij fxykl ykuk Hkwy xbZ FkhaA osQoy yksVs esa
ikuh fy, og izdV gqbA± fiQj yksVk Hkh la;ksx ls og tks viuh cs<xa h lwjr
osQ dkj.k ykyk >kÅyky dks lnk ls ukilan FkkA Fkk rks u;k] lky nks
lky dk gh cuk ij oqQN ,slh x<+u ml yksVs dh Fkh fd mldk cki
Me:] ek¡ fpye jgh gksA
ykyk us yksVk ys fy;k] cksys oqQN ugha] viuh iRuh dk vnc ekurs
FksA ekuuk gh pkfg,A blh dks lH;rk dgrs gSaA tks ifr viuh iRuh dk
u gqvk] og ifr oSQlk\ fiQj mUgksaus ;g Hkh lkspk fd yksVs esa ikuh ns] rc
Hkh xuher gS] vHkh vxj pw¡ dj nsrk gw¡ rks ckyVh esa Hkkstu feysxkA rc
D;k djuk ckdh jg tk,xk\
ykyk viuk xqLlk ihdj ikuh ihus yxsA ml le; os Nr dh eq¡Msj osQ
ikl gh [kM+s FksA ftu cqtqxks± us ikuh ihus osQ lacaèk esa ;g fu;e cuk, Fks
fd [kM+s&[kM+s ikuh u fi;ks] lksrs le; ikuh u fi;ks] nkSM+us osQ ckn ikuh
u fi;ks] mUgksaus irk ugha dHkh ;g Hkh fu;e cuk;k ;k ugha fd Nr dh
eq¡Msj osQ ikl [kM+s gksdj ikuh u fi;ksA tku iM+rk gS fd bl egRoiw.kZ
fo"k; ij mu yksxksa us oqQN ugha dgk gSA
ykyk >kÅyky eqf'dy ls nks&,d ?kw¡V ih ik, gksaxs fd u tkus oSQls
mudk gkFk fgy mBk vkSj yksVk NwV x;kA
yksVs us nk,¡ ns[kk u ck,¡] og uhps xyh dh vksj py iM+kA vius osx
esa mYdk dks ytkrk gqvk og vk¡[kksa ls vks>y gks x;kA fdlh ”kekus esa
U;wVu uke osQ fdlh [kqjkiQkrh us i`Foh dh vkd"kZ.k 'kfDr uke dh ,d
ph”k bZtkn dh FkhA dguk u gksxk fd ;g lkjh 'kfDr bl le; yksVs osQ
i{k esa FkhA
 vdcjh yksVk 83
ykyk dks dkVks rks cnu esa [kwu ughaA ,slh pyrh gqbZ xyh esa Å¡ps
freatys ls Hkjs gq, yksVs dk fxjuk g¡lh&[ksy ughaA ;g yksVk u tkus fdl
vukfèkdkjh osQ >ksaiM+s ij dk'khokl dk lans'k ysdj igq¡psxkA
oqQN gqvk Hkh ,slk ghA xyh esa ”kksj dk gYyk mBkA ykyk >kÅyky
tc rc nkSM+dj uhps mrjs rc rd ,d Hkkjh HkhM+ muosQ vk¡xu esa ?kql
vkbZA
ykyk >kÅyky us ns[kk fd bl HkhM+ esa izèkku ik=k ,d vaxsz”k gS tks
u[kf'k[k ls Hkhxk gqvk gS vkSj tks vius ,d iSj dks gkFk ls lgykrk gqvk
nwljs iSj ij ukp jgk gSA mlh osQ ikl vijkèkh yksVs dks Hkh ns[kdj ykyk
>kÅyky th us IkQkSju nks vkSj nks tksM+dj fLFkfr dks le> fy;kA
fxjus osQ iwoZ yksVk ,d nqdku osQ lk;cku ls Vdjk;kA ogk¡ Vdjkdj
ml nqdku ij [kM+s ml vaxzs”k dks mlus lkaxksikax Luku djk;k vkSj fiQj
mlh osQ cwV ij vk fxjkA
ml vaxzs”k dks tc ekywe gqvk fd ykyk >kÅyky gh ml yksVs osQ
ekfyd gSa rc mlus osQoy ,d dke fd;kA vius eq¡g dks [kksydj [kqyk
NksM+ fn;kA ykyk >kÅyky dks vkt gh ;g ekywe gqvk fd vaxzs”kh Hkk"kk
esa xkfy;ksa dk ,slk izdkaM dks"k gSA
blh le; ia- fcyoklh feJ HkhM+ dks phjrs gq, vk¡xu esa vkrs fn[kkbZ
iM+sA mUgksaus vkrs gh igyk dke ;g fd;k fd ml vaxsz”k dks NksM+dj vkSj
ftrus vkneh vk¡xu esa ?kql vk, Fks] lcdks ckgj fudky fn;kA fiQj vk¡xu
esa oqQlhZ j[kdj mUgksaus lkgc ls dgkμ¶vkiosQ iSj esa 'kk;n oqQN pksV vk
xbZ gSA vc vki vkjke ls oqQlhZ ij cSB tkb,A¸
lkgc fcyoklh th dks èkU;okn nsrs gq, cSB x, vkSj ykyk >kÅyky
dh vkSj b'kkjk djosQ cksysμ¶vki bl 'k[l dks tkurs gSa\¸
¶fcyoqQy ughaA vkSj eSa ,sls vkneh dks tkuuk Hkh ugha pkgrk tks
fujhg jkg pyrksa ij yksVs osQ okj oQjsA¸
84 olar Hkkx 3
¶esjh le> esa ^gh bt , Msatjl Y;wukfVd* (;kuh] ;g [krjukd
ikxy gS)A¸
¶ugha] esjh le> esa ^gh bt , Msatjl fØfeuy* (ugha] ;g [krjukd
eqtfje gS)A¸
ijekRek us ykyk >kÅyky dh vk¡[kksa dks bl le; dgha ns[kus osQ
lkFk [kkus dh Hkh 'kfDr ns nh gksrh rks ;g fu'p; gS fd vc rd
fcyoklh th dks os viuh vk¡[kksa ls [kk pqosQ gksrsA os oqQN le> ugha ikrs
Fks fd fcyoklh th dks bl le; D;k gks x;k gSA
lkgc us fcyoklh th ls iwNk ¶rks D;k djuk pkfg,\¸
 vdcjh yksVk 85
¶iqfyl esa bl ekeys dh fjiksVZ dj nhft, ftlls ;g vkneh IkQkSju
fgjklr esa ys fy;k tk,A¸
¶iqfyl LVs'ku gS dgk¡\¸
¶ikl gh gS] pfy, eSa crkm¡Q¸
¶pfy,A¸
¶vHkh pykA vkidh btk”kr gks rks igys eSa bl yksVs dks bl vkneh
ls [kjhn yw¡A D;ksa th cspksxs\ eSa ipkl #i;s rd blosQ nke ns ldrk gw¡A¸
ykyk >kÅyky rks pqi jgs ij lkgc us iwNkμ¶bl jíh yksVs osQ vki
ipkl #i;s D;ksa ns jgs gSa\¸
¶vki bl yksVs dks jíh crkrs gS\a vk'p;Z! eSa rks vkidks ,d foK vkSj
lqf'kf{kr vkneh le>rk FkkA¸
¶vkf[kj ckr D;k gS] oqQN crkb, HkhA¸
¶tukc ;g ,d ,sfrgkfld yksVk tku iM+rk gSA tku D;k iM+rk gS]
eq>s iwjk fo'okl gSA ;g og izfl¼ vdcjh yksVk gS ftldh ryk'k esa
lalkj&Hkj osQ E;wf”k;e ijs'kku gaSA¸
¶;g ckr\¸
¶th] tukcA lksygoha 'krkCnh dh ckr gSA ckn'kkg gqek;w¡ 'ksj'kkg ls
gkjdj Hkkxk Fkk vkSj ¯lèk osQ jsfxLrku esa ekjk&ekjk fiQj jgk FkkA ,d
volj ij I;kl ls mldh tku fudy jgh FkhA ml le; ,d czkã.k us
blh yksVs ls ikuh fiykdj mldh tku cpkbZ FkhA gqek;w¡ osQ ckn vdcj
us ml czkã.k dk irk yxkdj mlls bl yksVs dks ys fy;k vkSj blosQ
cnys esa mls blh izdkj osQ nl lksus osQ yksVs iznku fd,A ;g yksVk
lezkV vdcj dks cgqr I;kjk FkkA blh ls bldk uke vdcjh yksVk iM+kA
og cjkcj blh ls otw djrk FkkA lu~ 57 rd blosQ 'kkgh ?kjkus esa jgus
dk irk gSA ij blosQ ckn ykirk gks x;kA dydÙkk osQ E;wf”k;e esa
bldk IykLVj dk ekWMy j[kk gqvk gSA irk ugha ;g yksVk bl vkneh osQ
ikl oSQls vk;k\ E;wf”k;e okyksa dks irk pys rks iSaQlh nke nsdj [kjhn
ys tk,¡A
86 olar Hkkx 3
bl fooj.k dks lqurs&lqurs lkgc dh vk¡[kksa ij yksHk vkSj vk'p;Z dk
,slk izHkko iM+k fd os dkSM+h osQ vkdkj ls c<+dj idkSM+h osQ vkdkj dh
gks xb±A mlus fcyoklh th ls iwNkμ¶rks vki bl yksVs dk D;k dfj,xk\¸
¶eq>s iqjkuh vkSj ,sfrgkfld ph”kksa osQ laxzg dk 'kkSd gSA¸
¶eq>s Hkh iqjkuh vkSj ,sfrgkfld ph”kksa osQ laxgz djus dk 'kkSd gSA ftl
le; ;g yksVk esjs Åij fxjk Fkk] ml le; eSa ;gh dj jgk FkkA ml
nqdku ls ihry dh oqQN iqjkuh ewfrZ;k¡ [kjhn jgk FkkA¸
¶tks oqQN gks] yksVk eSa gh [kjhnw¡xkA¸
¶okg] vki oSQls [kjhnsaxs] eSa [kjhnw¡xk] ;g esjk gd gSA¸
¶gd gS\¸
¶”k:j gd gSA ;g crkb, fd ml yksVs osQ ikuh ls vkius Luku fd;k
;k eSaus\¸
¶vkiusA¸
¶og vkiosQ iSjksa ij fxjk ;k esjs\¸
¶vkiosQA¸
¶v¡xwBk mlus vkidk Hkqjrk fd;k ;k esjk\¸
¶vkidkA¸
¶blfy, mls [kjhnus dk gd esjk gSA¸
¶;g lc cdokl gSA nke yxkb,] tks vfèkd ns] og ys tk,A¸
¶;gh lghA vki bldk ipkl #i;k yxk jgs Fks] eSa lkS nsrk gw¡A¸
¶eSa Ms<+ lkS nsrk gw¡A¸
¶eSa nks lkS nsrk gw¡A¸
¶vth eSa <kbZ lkS nsrk gwA¡ ¸ ;g dgdj fcyoklh th us <kbZ lkS osQ uksV
ykyk >kÅyky osQ vkxs isaQd fn,A
lkgc dks Hkh rko vk x;kA mlus dgkμ¶vki <kbZ lkS nsrs gSa] rks eSa
ik¡p lkS nsrk gw¡A vc pfy,A¸
fcyoklh th vI+kQlksl osQ lkFk vius #i;s mBkus yxs] ekuks viuh
vk'kkvksa dh yk'k mBk jgs gksaA lkgc dh vksj ns[kdj mUgksaus dgkμ¶yksVk
 vdcjh yksVk 87
vkidk gqvk] ys tkb,] esjs ikl <kbZ lkS ls vfèkd ugha gSaA¸
;g lquuk Fkk fd lkgc osQ psgjs ij izlUurk dh ow¡Qph fxj xbZA mlus
>iVdj yksVk fy;k vkSj cksykμ¶vc eSa g¡lrk gqvk vius ns'k ykSVx¡w kA estj
Mxyl dh Mhax lqurs&lqurs esjs dku id x, FksA¸
¶estj Mxyl dkSu gSa\¸
¶estj Mxyl esjs iM+kslh gSaA iqjkuh ph”kksa osQ laxzg djus esa esjh mudh
gksM+ jgrh gSA xr o"kZ os ¯gnqLrku vk, Fks vkSj ;gk¡ ls tgk¡xhjh vaMk ys
x, FksA¸
¶tgk¡xhjh vaMk\¸
¶gk¡] tgk¡xhjh vaMkA estj Mxyl us le> j[kk Fkk fd ¯gnqLrku ls os
gh vPNh ph”ksa ys ldrs gSaA¸
¶ij tgk¡xhjh vaMk gS D;k\¸
¶vki tkurs gksaxs fd ,d dcwrj us uwjtgk¡ ls tgk¡xhj dk izse djk;k
FkkA tgk¡xhj osQ iwNus ij fd] esjk ,d dcwrj rqeus oSQls mM+ tkus fn;k]
uwjtgk¡ us mlosQ nwljs dcwrj dks mM+kdj crk;k Fkk] fd ,slsA mlosQ bl
Hkksysiu ij tgk¡xhj fnykstku ls fuNkoj gks x;kA mlh {k.k ls mlus vius
dks uwjtgk¡ osQ gkFk dj fn;kA dcwrj dk ;g vglku og ugha HkwykA mlosQ
,d vaMs dks cM+s tru ls j[k NksM+kA ,d fcYyksj dh gk¡Mh esa og mlosQ
lkeus V¡xk jgrk FkkA ckn esa ogh vaMk ¶tgk¡xhjh vaMk¸ osQ uke ls izfl¼
gqvkA mlh dks estj Mxyl us ikjlky fnYyh esa ,d eqlyeku lTtu ls
rhu lkS #i;s esa [kjhnkA¸
¶;g ckr\¸
¶gk¡] ij vc esjs vkxs nwu dh ugha ys ldrsA esjk vdcjh yksVk muosQ
tgk¡xhjh vaMs ls Hkh ,d iq'r iqjkuk gSA¸
¶bl fj'rs ls rks vkidk yksVk ml vaMs dk cki gqvkA¸
lkgc us ykyk >kÅyky dks ik¡p lkS #i;s nsdj viuh jkg yhA ykyk
>kÅyky dk psgjk bl le; ns[krs curk FkkA tku iM+rk Fkk fd eq¡g ij
Ng fnu dh c<+h gqbZ nk<+h dk ,d&,d cky ekjs izlUurk osQ ygjk jgk
88 olar Hkkx 3
gSA mUgksaus iwNkμ¶fcyoklh th! esjs fy, <kbZ lkS #i;k ?kj ls ysdj vk,!
ij vkiosQ ikl rks Fks ughaA¸
¶bl Hksn dks esjs flok, esjk bZ'oj gh tkurk gSA vki mlh ls iwN
yhft,] eSa ugha crkÅ¡xkA¸
¶ij vki pys dgk¡\ vHkh eq>s vkils dke gS nks ?kaVs rdA¸
¶nks ?kaVs rd\¸
¶gk¡] vkSj D;k] vHkh eSa vkidh ihB Bksddj 'kkck'kh nw¡xk] ,d ?kaVk
blesa yxsxkA fiQj xys yxkdj èkU;okn nwx¡ k] ,d ?kaVk blesa Hkh yx tk,xkA¸
¶vPNk igys ik¡p lkS #i;s fxudj lgst yhft,A¸
¶#i;k vxj viuk gks] rks mls lgstuk ,d ,slk lq[kn eueksgd dk;Z
gS fd euq"; ml le; lgt esa gh rUe;rk izkIr dj ysrk gSA ykyk
>kÅyky us viuk dk;Z lekIr djosQ Åij ns[kkA ij fcyoklh th bl
chp varèkkZu gks x,A¸
ml fnu jkf=k esa fcyoklh th dks nsj rd uhan ugha vkbZA os pknj
yisVs pkjikbZ ij iM+s jgsA ,d cts os mBsA èkhjs] cgqr èkhjs ls viuh lksbZ
gqbZ iRuh osQ xys ls mUgksaus lksus dh og fldM+h fudkyh ftlesa ,d rkyh
c¡èkh gqbZ FkhA fiQj mlosQ dejs esa tkdj mUgksaus ml rkyh ls lanwd [kksykA
mlesa <kbZ lkS osQ uksV T;ksa&osQ&R;ksa j[kdj mUgksaus mls can dj fn;kA fiQj
ncs ik¡o ykSVdj rkyh dks mUgksaus iwooZ r viuh iRuh osQ xys esa Mky fn;kA
blosQ ckn mUgksaus g¡ldj v¡xM+kbZ yhA nwljs fnu lqcg vkB cts rd pSu
dh uhan lks,A
&vUuiw.kkZuan oekZ
 vdcjh yksVk 89

iz'u&vH;kl

dgkuh dh ckr
1- ¶ykyk us yksVk ys fy;k] cksys oqQN ugha] viuh iRuh dk vnc
ekurs FksA¸
ykyk >kmQyky dks cs<axk yksVk fcyoqQy ilan ugha FkkA fiQj Hkh mUgksaus
pqipki yksVk ys fy;kA vkiosQ fopkj ls os pqi D;ksa jgs\ vius fopkj
fyf[k,A
2- ¶ykyk >kmQyky th us iQkSju nks vkSj nks tksM+dj fLFkfr dks le> fy;kA¸
vkiosQ fopkj ls ykyk >kmQyky us dkSu&dkSu lh ckrsa le> yh gksaxh\
3- vaxzs”k osQ lkeus fcyoklh th us >kmQyky dks igpkuus rd ls D;ksa
budkj dj fn;k Fkk\ vkiosQ fopkj ls fcyoklh th ,slk vthc O;ogkj
D;ksa dj jgs Fks\ Li"V dhft,A
4- fcyoklh th us #i;ksa dk izca/ dgk¡ ls fd;k Fkk\ fyf[k,A
5- vkiosQ fopkj ls vaxzs”k us ;g iqjkuk yksVk D;ksa [kjhn fy;k\ vkil esa
ppkZ djosQ okLrfod dkj.k dh [kkst dhft, vkSj fyf[k,A

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

1- ¶bl Hksn dks esjs flok, esjk bZ'oj gh tkurk gSA vki mlh ls iwN
yhft,A eSa ugha crkm¡QxkA¸
fcyoklh th us ;g ckr fdlls vkSj D;ksa dgh\ fyf[k,A
2- ¶ml fnu jkf=k esa fcyoklh th dks nsj rd uhan ugha vkbZA¸
leL;k >kmQyky dh Fkh vkSj uhan fcyoklh dh mM+h rks D;ksa\ fyf[k,A
3- ¶ysfdu eq>s blh ftanxh esa pkfg,A¸
¶vth blh lIrkg esa ys ysukA¸
¶lIrkg ls vkidk rkRi;Z lkr fnu ls gS ;k lkr o"kZ ls\¸
90 olar Hkkx 3
>kmQyky vkSj mudh iRuh osQ chp dh bl ckrphr ls D;k irk pyrk
gS\ fyf[k,A

D;k gksrk ;fn

1- vaxzs”k yksVk u [kjhnrk\
2- ;fn vaxzs”k iqfyl dks cqyk ysrk\
3- tc fcyoklh viuh iRuh osQ xys ls pkch fudky jgs Fks] rHkh mudh
iRuh tkx tkrh\

irk dhft,
1- ¶vius osx esa mYdk dks ytkrk gqvk og vk¡[kksa ls vks>y gks x;kA¸
mYdk D;k gksrh gS\ mYdk vkSj xzgksa esa dkSu&dkSu lh lekurk,¡ vkSj varj
gksrs gSa\
¶bl dgkuh esa vkius nks ph”kksa osQ ckjs esa etsnkj dgkfu;k¡ i<+haμvdcjh
yksVs dh dgkuh vkSj tgk¡xhjh vaMs dh dgkuhA¸
vkiosQ fopkj ls ;s dgkfu;k¡ lPph gSa ;k dkYifud\
3- vius ?kj ;k d{kk dh fdlh iqjkuh ph”k osQ ckjs esa ,slh gh dksbZ etsnkj
dgkuh cukb,A
4- fcyoklh th us ftl rjhosQ ls #i;ksa dk izca/ fd;k] og lgh Fkk ;k
xyr\

Hkk"kk dh ckr
1- bl dgkuh esa ys[kd us txg&txg ij lh/h&lh ckr dgus osQ ctk;
jkspd eqgkojksa] mnkgj.kksa vkfn osQ }kjk dgdj viuh ckr dks vkSj vfèkd
etsnkj@jkspd cuk fn;k gSA dgkuh ls os okD; pqudj fyf[k, tks vkidks
lcls vf/d etsnkj yxsA
2- bl dgkuh esa ys[kd us vusd eqgkojksa dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA dgkuh esa ls
ik¡p eqgkojs pqudj mudk iz;ksx djrs gq, okD; fyf[k,A
 vdcjh yksVk 91
'kCnkFkZ
vnc μ f'k"Vkpkj] fygkt
MkeyiQk¡lh μ vkthou dkjkokl dk naM] ns'k fudkyk
eq¡Msj μ Nr osQ vkl&ikl cukbZ tkus okyh nhokj
lk;cku μ og NIij ;k diM+k vkfn dk ijnk tks èkwi vkSj
o"kkZ ls cpko osQ fy, edku ;k nqdku osQ vkxs
yxk;k tkrk gS
[kqjkiQkrh μ 'kjkjrh
x<+u μ cukoV
lkaxksikax μ iwjh rjg] mQij ls uhps rd
bZ”kkn μ [kkst] vUos"k.k
ikjlky μ fiNys o"kZ
rUe;rk μ eXu gks tkuk
var/kZu μ vn`';
92 olar Hkkx 3

15
lwjnkl osQ in

(1)

eS;k] dc¯g c<+Sxh pksVh\

fdrh ckj eks¯g nwèk fi;r HkbZ] ;g vtgw¡ gS NksVhA
rw tks dgfr cy dh csuh T;kSa] àS gS yk¡ch&eksVhA
dk<+r&xqgr Ugokor tSgS] ukfxuh lh Hkqb¡ yksVhA
dk¡pkS nwèk fi;kor ifp&ifp] nsfr u ek[ku&jksVhA
lwjt fpjthokS nksm HkS;k] gfj&gyèkj dh tksVhA

(2)

rsjSa yky esjkS ek[ku [kk;kSA

nqigj fnol tkfu ?kj lwuks <w¡f<+&<¡<+ksfj vkigh vk;kSA
[kksfy fdokfj] iSfB eafnj eS]a nwèk&ngh lc l[kfu [kok;kSA
mQ[ky pf<+] lhaosQ dkS yhUgkS] vuHkkor Hkqb¡ eSa <jdk;kSA
fnu izfr gkfu gksfr xksjl dh] ;g <ksVk dkSuSa <¡x yk;kSA
lwj L;ke dkSa gVfd u jk[kS rSa gh iwr vuks[kkS tk;kSA
 lwjnkl osQ in 93

iz'u&vH;kl
inksa ls
1- ckyd Jho`Q".k fdl yksHk osQ dkj.k nwèk ihus osQ fy, rS;kj gq,\
2- Jho`Q".k viuh pksVh osQ fo"k; esa D;k&D;k lksp jgs Fks\
3- nwèk dh rqyuk esa Jho`Q".k dkSu&ls [kk| inkFkZ dks vfèkd ilan djrs gSa\
4- ^rSa gh iwr vuks[kkS tk;kS*μ iafDr;ksa esa Xokyu osQ eu osQ dkSu&ls Hkko
eq[kfjr gks jgs gSa\
5- eD[ku pqjkrs vkSj [kkrs le; Jho`Q".k FkksM+k&lk eD[ku fc[kjk D;ksa
nsrs gSa\
6- nksuksa inksa esa ls vkidks dkSu&lk in vfèkd vPNk yxk vkSj D;ksa\
hA
hA vuqeku vkSj dYiuk
hA 1- nwljs in dks i<+dj crkb, fd vkiosQ vuqlkj ml le; Jho`Q".k dh
hA mez D;k jgh gksxh\
hA 2- ,slk gqvk gks dHkh fd ek¡ osQ euk djus ij Hkh ?kj esa miyCèk fdlh
Lokfn"V oLrq dks vkius pqiosQ&pqiosQ FkksM+k&cgqr [kk fy;k gks vkSj pksjh
idM+s tkus ij dksbZ cgkuk Hkh cuk;k gksA viuh vkichrh dh rqyuk
JhÑ".k dh cky yhyk ls dhft,A
3- fdlh ,slh ?kVuk ossQ fo"k; esa fyf[k, tc fdlh us vkidh f'kdk;r dh
gks vkSj fiQj vkiosQ fdlh vfHkHkkod (ekrk&firk] cM+k HkkbZ&cfgu bR;kfn)
us vkils mÙkj ek¡xk gksA

Hkk"kk dh ckr
1- Jho`Q".k xksfi;ksa dk ek[ku pqjk&pqjkdj [kkrs Fks blfy, mUgsa ek[ku pqjkusokyk
Hkh dgk x;k gSA blosQ fy, ,d 'kCn nhft,A
2- Jho`Q".k osQ fy, ik¡p i;kZ;okph 'kCn fyf[k,A
94 olar Hkkx 3
3- oqQN 'kCn ijLij feyrs&tqyrs vFkZokys gksrs gSa] mUgsa i;kZ;okph dgrs gSaA
vkSj oqQN foijhr vFkZokys HkhA lekukFkhZ 'kCn i;kZ;okph dgs tkrs gSa vkSj
foijhrkFkZd 'kCn foykse] tSlsμ
i;kZ;okphμ panzekμ'kf'k] banq] jkdk
e/qdjμHkzej] HkkSajk] e/qi
lw;Zμjfo] Hkkuq] fnudj
foijhrkFkZdμ fnuμjkr
'osrμ';ke
'khrμm".k
ikBksa ls nksuksa izdkj osQ 'kCnksa dks [kkstdj fyf[k,A

'kCnkFkZ
vtg¡w μ vkt Hkh lwjt μ lwjnkl
cy μ cyjke gfj&gyèkjμ o`Q".k&cyjke
csuh μ pksVh tksVh μ tksM+h
àS μ gksxh iSfB μ ?kqldj
dk<+r μ cky cukuk lhaosQ μ Nhadk ftlesa nwèk&ngh
xqgr μ xwF¡ kuk vkfn j[kk tkrk gS
Hkqb¡ μ i`Foh] Hkwfe xksjl μ xk; osQ nwèk ls cus inkFkZ
yksVh μ yksVus yxh ngh] eD[ku] ?kh vkfn
ifp&ifp μ ckj&ckj <ksVk μ yM+dk
 16
ikuh dh dgkuh
eSa vkxs c<+k gh Fkk fd csj dh >kM+h ij ls eksrh&lh ,d cw¡n esjs gkFk ij
vk iM+hA esjs vk'p;Z dk fBdkuk u jgk tc eSaus ns[kk fd vksl dh cw¡n esjh
dykbZ ij ls ljddj gFksyh ij vk xbZA esjh n`f"V iM+rs gh og Bgj xbZA FkksMh+
nsj esa eq>s flrkj osQ rkjksa dh&lh >adkj lqukbZ nsus yxhA eSua s lkspk fd dksbZ ctk
jgk gksxkA pkjksa vksj ns[kkA dksbZ ughaA fiQj vuqHko gqvk fd ;g Loj esjh gFksyh
ls fudy jgk gSA è;ku ls ns[kus ij ekywe gqvk fd cw¡n osQ nks d.k gks x, gSa
vkSj os nksuksa fgy&fgydj ;g Loj mRiUu dj jgs gSa ekuks cksy jgs gksaA
mlh lqjhyh vkok”k esa eSaus lqukμ
¶lquks] lquks---¸
eSa pqi FkkA
fiQj vkok”k vkbZ] ¶lquks] lquksA¸
vc eq>ls u jgk x;kA esjs eq[k ls
fudy x;k] ¶dgks] dgksA¸
vksl dh cw¡n ekuks izlUurk ls fgyh
vkSj cksyhμ¶eSa vksl gw¡A¸
¶tkurk gw¡¸μeSaus dgkA
¶yksx eq>s ikuh dgrs gSa] ty HkhA¸
¶ekywe gSA¸
¶eSa csj osQ isM+ esa ls vkbZ gw¡A¸
¶>wBh]¸ eSaus dgk vkSj lkspk] ^csj
osQ isM+ ls D;k ikuh dk iQOokjk fudyrk
gS*\
96 olar Hkkx 3
cw¡n fiQj fgyhA ekuks esjs vfo'okl ls mls nq[k gqvk gksA
¶lquksA eSa bl isM+ osQ ikl dh Hkwfe esa cgqr fnuksa ls bèkj&mèkj ?kwe jgh FkhA
eSa d.kksa dk ân; VVksyrh fiQjrh Fkh fd ,dk,d idM+h xbZA¸
¶oSQls]¸ eSaus iwNkA
¶og tks isM+ rqe ns[krs gks u! og mQij gh bruk cM+k ugha gS] i`Foh esa Hkh
yxHkx bruk gh cM+k gSA mldh cM+h tM+sa] NksVh tM+sa vkSj tM+ksa osQ jks,¡ gSaA os
jks,¡ cM+s funZ;h gksrs gSaA eq> tSls vla[; ty&d.kksa dks os cyiwoZd i`Foh esa
ls [khap ysrs gSaA oqQN dks rks isM+ ,dne [kk tkrs gSa vkSj vfèkdka'k dk lc
oqQN Nhudj mUgsa ckgj fudky nsrs gSaA¸
ozQksèk vkSj ?k`.kk ls mldk 'kjhj dk¡i mBkA
¶rqe D;k le>rs gks fd os brus cMs+ ;ksa gh [kM+s gSaA mUgsa bruk cM+k cukus
osQ fy, esjs vla[; caèkqvksa us vius izk.k&uk'k fd, gSaA¸ eSa cM+s è;ku ls
mldh dgkuh lqu jgk FkkA
¶gk¡] rks eSa Hkwfe osQ [kfutksa dks vius 'kjhj esa ?kqykdj vkuan ls fiQj jgh
Fkh fd nqHkkZX;o'k ,d jks,¡ ls esjk 'kjhj Nw x;kA eSa dk¡ihA nwj Hkkxus dk iz;Ru
fd;k ijarq os idM+dj NksM+uk ugha tkursA eSa jks,¡ esa [khap yh xbZA¸
¶fiQj D;k gqvk\¸ eSaus iwNkA esjh mRlqdrk c<+ pyh FkhA
¶eSa ,d dksBjh esa can dj nh xbZA FkksM+h nsj ckn ,slk tku iM+k fd dksbZ
eq>s ihNs ls èkDdk ns jgk gS vkSj dksbZ ekuks gkFk idM+dj vkxs dks [khap jgk
gksA esjk ,d HkkbZ Hkh ogk¡ yk;k x;kA mlosQ fy, LFkku cukus osQ dkj.k eq>s
nck;k tk jgk FkkA vkxs ,d vkSj cw¡n esjk gkFk idM+dj mQij [khap jgh FkhA
eSa mu nksuksa osQ chp fil pyhA¸
¶eSa yxHkx rhu fnu rd ;g lk¡lr Hkksxrh jghA eSa iÙkksa osQ uUgsa&uUgsa Nsnksa
ls gksdj tSls&rSls tku cpkdj HkkxhA eSaus lkspk Fkk fd iÙks ij igq¡prs gh mM+
tkm¡QxhA ijarq] ckgj fudyus ij Kkr gqvk fd jkr gksusokyh Fkh vkSj lw;Z tks
gesa mM+us dh 'kfDr nsrs gSa] tk pqosQ gSa] vkSj ok;qeaMy esa brus ty d.k mM+
jgs gSa fd esjs fy, ogk¡ LFkku ugha gS rks eSa vius HkkX; ij Hkjkslk dj iÙkksa ij
 ikuh dh dgkuh 97
gh floqQM+h iM+h jghA vHkh tc rqEgsa ns[kk rks tku esa tku vkbZ vkSj j{kk ikus
osQ fy, rqEgkjs gkFk ij owQn iM+hA¸
bl nq[k rFkk Hkkoiw.kZ dgkuh dk eq> ij cM+k izHkko iM+kA eSua s dgkμ ¶tc
rd rqe esjs ikl gks dksbZ iÙkk rqEgsa u Nw losQxkA¸
¶HkS;k] rqEgsa blosQ fy, èkU;okn gSA eSa tc rd lw;Z u fudys rHkh rd
j{kk pkgrh gw¡A mudk n'kZu djrs gh eq>esa mM+us dh 'kfDr vk tk,xhA esjk
thou fofp=k ?kVukvksa ls ifjiw.kZ gSA eSa mldh dgkuh rqEgsa lqukm¡Qxh rks rqEgkjk
gkFk rfud Hkh u nq[ksxkA¸
¶vPNk lqukvksA¸
¶cgqr fnu gq,] esjs iqj[ks gnztu (gkbMªkstu) vkSj vks"ktu (vkWDlhtu)
uked nks xSlsa lw;ZeaMy esa yiVksa osQ :i esa fo|eku FkhaA¸
¶lw;eZ Ma y vius fuf'pr ekxZ ij pDdj dkV jgk FkkA os fnu Fks tc gekjs
czãkaM esa mFky&iqFky gks jgh FkhA vusd xzg vkSj mixzg cu jgs FksA¸
¶Bgjks] D;k rqEgkjs iqj[ks vc lw;ZeaMy esa ugha gaS\¸
¶gSa] muosQ oa'kt viuh Hk;kog yiVksa ls vc Hkh mudk eq[k mTToy fd,
gq, gSaA gk¡] rks esjs iqj[ks cM+h izlUurk ls lw;Z osQ èkjkry ij ukprs jgrs FksA ,d
fnu dh ckr gS fd nwj ,d izpaM izdk'k&fiaM fn[kkbZ iM+kA mudh vk¡[ksa
pkSafèk;kus yxhaA ;g fiaM cM+h rs”kh ls lw;Z dh vksj c<+ jgk FkkA T;ksa&T;ksa ikl
vkrk tkrk Fkk] mldk vkdkj c<+rk tkrk FkkA ;g lw;Z ls yk[kksa xquk cM+k FkkA
mldh egku vkd"kZ.k&'kfDr ls gekjk lw;Z dk¡i mBkA ,slk Kkr gqvk fd ml
xzgjkt ls Vdjkdj gekjk lw;Z pw.kZ gks tk,xkA oSlk u gqvkA og lw;Z ls lglzksa
ehy nwj ls gh ?kwe pyk] ijarq mldh Hkh"k.k vkd"kZ.k&'kfDr osQ dkj.k lw;Z dk
,d Hkkx VwVdj mlosQ ihNs pykA lw;Z ls VwVk gqvk Hkkx bruk Hkkjh f[kapko
l¡Hkky u ldk vkSj dbZ VqdM+ksa esa VwV x;kA mUgha esa ls ,d VqdM+k gekjh i`Foh
gSA ;g izkjaHk esa ,d cM+k vkx dk xksyk FkhA¸
¶,slk\ ijarq mu yiVksa ls rqe ikuh oSQls cuhA¸
¶eq>s Bhd irk ughaA gk¡] ;g lgh gS fd gekjk xzg BaMk gksrk pyk x;k
98 olar Hkkx 3
vkSj eq>s ;kn gS fd vjcksa o"kZ igys eSa gnztu vkSj vks"ktu osQ jklk;fud
fozQ;k osQ dkj.k mRiUu gqbZ gw¡A mUgksaus vkil esa feydj viuk izR;{k vfLrRo
x¡ok fn;k gS vkSj eq>s mRiUu fd;k gSA eSa mu fnuksa Hkki osQ :i esa i`Foh osQ
pkjksa vksj ?kwerh fiQjrh FkhA mlosQ ckn u tkus D;k gqvk\ tc eq>s gks'k vk;k
rks eSaus vius dks Bksl cI+kZQ osQ :i esa ik;kA esjk 'kjhj igys Hkki&:i esa Fkk
og vc vR;ar NksVk gks x;k FkkA og igys ls dksbZ lrjgok¡ Hkkx jg x;k FkkA
eSaus ns[kk esjs pkjksa vksj esjs vla[; lkFkh cI+kZQ cus iM+s FksA tgk¡ rd n`f"V tkrh
Fkh cI+kZQ osQ vfrfjDr oqQN fn[kkbZ u iM+rk FkkA ftl le; gekjs mQij lw;Z dh
fdj.ksa iM+rh Fkha rks lkSan;Z fc[kj iM+rk FkkA gekjs fdrus lkFkh ,sls Hkh Fks tks
cM+h mRlqdrk ls vk¡èkh esa m¡Qpk mM+us] mNyus&owQnus osQ fy, dej dls rS;kj
cSBs jgrs FksA¸
¶cM+s vkuan dk le; jgk gksxk ogk¡A¸
¶cM+s vkuan dkA¸
¶fdrus fnuksa rd\¸
¶dbZ yk[k o"kks± rd\¸
¶dbZ yk[k!¸
¶gk¡] pkSadks ughaA esjs thou esa lkS&nks lkS o"kZ nky esa ued osQ leku Hkh
ugha gSaA¸
eSua s ,sls nh?kZthoh ls okrkZyki djrs tku vius dks èkU; ekuk vkSj vksl dh
cw¡n osQ izfr esjh J¼k c<+ pyhA
¶ge 'kkafr ls cSBs ,d fnu gok ls [ksyus dh dgkfu;k¡ lqu jgs Fks fd
vpkud ,slk vuqHko gqvk ekuks ge ljd jgs gksaA lcosQ eq[k ij gokb;k¡ mM+us
yxhaA vc D;k gksxk\
brus fnu vkuan ls dkVus osQ i'pkr~ vc nq[k lgu djus dk lkgl geesa
u FkkA cgqr irk yxkus ij gesa Kkr gqvk fd gekjs Hkkj ls gh gekjs uhpsokys
HkkbZ ncdj ikuh gks x, gSaA mudk 'kjhj Bksliu dks NksM+ pqdk gS vkSj muosQ
rjy 'kjhj ij ge fiQly pys gSaA
 ikuh dh dgkuh 99
eSa dbZ ekl leqnz esa bèkj&mèkj ?kwerh jghA fiQj ,d fnu xeZ&èkkjk ls HksaV
gks xbZA èkkjk osQ tyrs vfLrRo dks BaMd igq¡pkus osQ fy, geus mldh xjeh
lks[kuh izkjaHk dj nh vkSj blosQ iQyLo:i eSa fi?ky iM+h vkSj ikuh cudj
leqnz esa fey xbZA
leqnz dk Hkkx cudj eSaus tks n`'; ns[kk og o.kZukrhr gSA eSa vHkh rd
le>rh Fkh fd leqnz esa osQoy esjs caèkq&ckaèkoksa dk gh jkT; gS] ijarq vc Kkr
gqvk fd leqnz esa pgy&igy okLro esa nwljs gh thoksa dh gS vkSj mlesa fujk
ued Hkjk gSA igys&igy leqnz dk [kkjkiu eq>s fcyoqQy ugha Hkk;k] th
epykus yxkA ij èkhjs&èkhjs lc lgu gks pykA
,d fnu esjs th esa vk;k fd eSa leqnz osQ mQij rks cgqr ?kwe pqdh gw¡] Hkhrj
pydj Hkh ns[kuk pkfg,
fd D;k gS\ bl dk;Z osQ
fy, eSaus xgjs tkuk izkjaHk
dj fn;kA
ekxZ esa eSaus fofp=k&
fofp=k tho ns[ksA eSaus
vR;ar èkhjs&èkhjs jsxa us okys
?kksa?ks] tkyhnkj eNfy;k¡]
dbZ&dbZ eu Hkkjh dNqos
vkSj gkFkksaokyh eNfy;k¡
ns[khaA ,d eNyh ,slh ns[kh
tks euq"; ls dbZ xquk yach
FkhA mlosQ vkB gkFk FksA
og bu gkFkksa ls vius
f'kdkj dks tdM+ ysrh FkhA
100 olar Hkkx 3
eSa vkSj xgjkbZ dh [kkst esa fdukjksa ls nwj xbZ rks eSaus ,d ,slh oLrq ns[kh
fd eSa pkSad iM+hA vc rd leqnz esa v¡èksjk Fkk] lw;Z dk izdk'k oqQN gh Hkhrj
rd igq¡p ikrk Fkk vkSj cy yxkdj ns[kus osQ dkj.k esjs us=k nq[kus yxs FksA
eSa lksp jgh Fkh fd ;gk¡ ij thoksa dks oSQls fn[kkbZ iM+rk gksxk fd lkeus ,slk
tho fn[kkbZ iM+k ekuks dksbZ ykyVsu fy, ?kwe jgk gksA ;g ,d vR;ar lqanj
eNyh FkhA blosQ 'kjhj ls ,d izdkj dh ped fudyrh Fkh tks bls ekxZ
fn[kykrh FkhA bldk izdk'k ns[kdj fdruh NksVh&NksVh vutku eNfy;k¡
blosQ ikl vk tkrh Fkha vkSj ;g tc Hkw[kh gksrh Fkh rks isV Hkj mudk Hkkstu
djrh FkhA¸
¶fofp=k gS!¸
¶tc eSa vkSj uhps leqnz dh xgjh rg esa igqp ¡ h rks ns[kk fd ogk¡ Hkh taxy
gSA NksVs fBaxus] eksVs iÙks okys isM+ cgqrk;r ls mxs gq, gSAa ogk¡ ij igkfM+;k¡ gS]a
?kkfV;k¡ gSAa bu igkfM+;ksa dh xqiQkvksa esa ukuk izdkj osQ tho jgrs gSa tks fuiV v¡èks
rFkk egk vkylh gSAa
;g lc ns[kus esa eq>s dbZ o"kZ yxsA th esa vk;k fd mQij ykSV pysaA ijarq
iz;Ru djus ij tku iM+k fd ;g vlaHko gSA esjs mQij ikuh dh dksbZ rhu ehy
eksVh rg FkhA eSa Hkwfe esa ?kqldj tku cpkus dh ps"Vk djus yxhA ;g esjs fy,
dksbZ u;h ckr u FkhA djksM+ksa ty&d.k blh Hkk¡fr viuh tku cpkrs gSa vkSj
leqnz dk ty uhps èk¡lrk tkrk gSA
eSa vius nwljs Hkkb;ksa osQ ihNs&ihNs p^ku esa ?kql xbZA dbZZ o"kks± esa dbZ ehy
eksVh p^ku esa ?kqldj ge i`Foh osQ Hkhrj ,d [kks[kys LFkku esa fudys vkSj ,d
LFkku ij bd_k gksdj ge yksxksa us lkspk fd D;k djuk pkfg,A oqQN dh
lEefr esa ogha iM+k jguk Bhd FkkA ijarq geesa oqQN mRlkgh ;qok Hkh FksA os ,d
Loj esa cksysμge [kkst djsaxs] i`Foh osQ ân; esa ?kwe&?kwe dj ns[ksaxs fd Hkhrj
D;k fNik gqvk gSA¸
 ikuh dh dgkuh 101

¶vc ge 'kksj epkrs gq, vkxs c<+s rks ,d ,sls LFkku ij igq¡ps tgk¡ Bksl
oLrq dk uke Hkh u FkkA cM+h&cM+h p^kusa yky&ihyh iM+h FkhaA vkSj ukuk izdkj
dh èkkrq,¡ bèkj&mèkj cgus dks mrkoyh gks jgh FkhaA
blh LFkku osQ vkl&ikl ,d nq?kZVuk gksrs&gksrs cphA ge yksx viuh bl
[kkst ls brus izlUu Fks fd vaèkk&èkq¡èk fcuk ekxZ ns[ks c<+s tkrs FksA blls
vpkud ,d ,slh txg tk igq¡ps tgk¡ rkiozQe cgqr m¡Qpk FkkA ;g gekjs fy,
vlá FkkA gekjs vxqok dk¡is vkSj ns[krs&ns[krs mudk 'kjhj vks"ktu vkSj gnztu
esa foHkkftr gks x;kA bl nq?kZVuk ls esjs dku [kM+s gks x,A eSa vius vkSj
cqf¼eku lkfFk;ksa osQ lkFk ,d vksj fudy HkkxhA
ge yksx vc ,d ,sls LFkku ij igq¡ps tgk¡ i`Foh dk xHkZ jg&jgdj fgy
jgk FkkA ,d cM+s ”kksj dk èkM+kdk gqqvkA ge cM+h rs”kh ls ckgj isaQd fn, x,A
ge m¡Qps vkdk'k esa mM+ pysA bl nq?kZVuk ls ge pkSad iM+s FksA ihNs ns[kus ls
102 olar Hkkx 3
Kkr gqvk fd i`Foh iQV xbZ gS vkSj mlesa èkqvk¡] jsr] fi?kyh èkkrq,¡ rFkk yiVsa
fudy jgh gSaA ;g n`'; cM+k gh 'kkunkj Fkk vkSj bls ns[kus dh gesa ckj&ckj
bPNk gksus yxhA¸
¶eSa le> x;kA rqe Tokykeq[kh dh ckr dg jgh gksA¸
¶gk¡] rqe yksx mls Tokykeq[kh dgrs gksA vc tc ge mQij igq¡ps rks gesa
,d vkSj Hkki dk cM+k ny feykA ge xjtdj vkil esa feys vkSj vkxs c<+sA
iqqjkuh lgsyh vk¡èkh osQ Hkh gesa ;gk¡ n'kZu gq,A og gesa ihB ij ykns dHkh bèkj
ys tkrh dHkh mèkjA og fnu cM+s vkuan osQ FksA ge vkdk'k esa LoPNan fdyksysa
djrs fiQjrs FksA
cgqr ls Hkki ty&d.kksa osQ feyus osQ dkj.k ge Hkkjh gks pys vkSj uhps
>qd vk, vkSj ,d fnu cw¡n cudj uhps owQn iM+sA¸
¶eSa ,d igkM+ ij fxjh vkSj vius lkfFk;ksa osQ lkFk eSyh&oqQpSyh gks ,d
vksj dks cg pyhA igkM+ksa eas ,d iRFkj ls nwljs iRFkj ij owQnus vkSj fdydkjh
ekjus esa tks vkuan vk;k og Hkwyk ugha tk ldrkA
ge ,d ckj cM+h m¡Qph f'k[kj ij ls owQns vkSj uhps ,d p^ku ij fxjsA
cspkjk iRFkj gekjs izgkj ls VwVdj [kaM&[kaM gks x;kA ;g tks rqe bruh jsr ns[krs
gks iRFkjksa dks pck&pck dj geha cukrs gSaA ftl le; ge ekSt esa vkrs gSa rks
dBksj ls dBksj oLrq gekjk izgkj lgu ugha dj ldrhA
viuh fot;ksa ls mUeÙk gksdj ge yksx bèkj&mèkj fc[kj x,A esjh bPNk
cgqr fnuksa ls lery Hkwfe ns[kus dh Fkh blfy, eSa ,d NksVh èkkjk esa fey xbZA
lfjrk osQ os fnol cM+s ets osQ FksA ge dHkh Hkwfe dks dkVrs] dHkh isM+ksa
dks [kks[kyk dj mUgsa fxjk nsrAs cgrs&cgrs eSa ,d fnu ,d uxj osQ ikl ig¡p q hA
eSaus ns[kk fd unh osQ rV ij ,d m¡Qph ehukj esa ls oqQN dkyh&dkyh gok
fudy jgh gSA eSa mRlqd gks mls ns[kus dks D;k c<+h fd vius gkFkksa nqHkkZX; dks
U;kSrk fn;kA T;ksagh eSa mlosQ ikl igq¡ph vius vkSj lkfFk;ksa osQ lkFk ,d eksVs
uy esa [khap yh xbZA dbZ fnuksa rd eSa uy&uy ?kwerh fiQjhA eSa izfr {k.k mlesa
ls fudy Hkkxus dh ps"Vk esa yxh jgrh FkhA HkkX; esjs lkFk FkkA cl] ,d fnu
 ikuh dh dgkuh 103
jkr osQ le; eSa ,sls LFkku ij igqp
¡ h tgk¡ uy VwVk gqvk FkkA eSa rqjra mlesa gksdj
fudy Hkkxh vkSj i`Foh esa lek xbZA vanj gh vanj ?kwers&?kwers bl csj osQ isM+
osQ ikl igq¡phA¸
og #dh] lw;Z fudy vk, FksA
¶cl\¸ eSaus dgkA
¶gk¡] eSa vc rqEgkjs ikl ugha Bgj ldrhA lw;Z fudy vk, gSaA rqe eq>s
jksddj ugha j[k ldrsA¸
og vksl dh cw¡n èkhjs&èkhjs ?kVh vkSj vk¡[kksa ls vks>y gks xbZA

μjkepanz frokjh
iz'u&vH;kl

ikB ls
1- ys[kd dks vksl dh cw¡n dgk¡ feyh\
2- vksl dh cw¡n Øksèk vkSj ?k`.kk ls D;ksa dk¡i mBh\
3- gkbkMªkstu vkSj vkWDlhtu dks ikuh us viuk iwoZt@iqj[kk D;ksa dgk\
4- ¶ikuh dh dgkuh¸ osQ vkèkkj ij ikuh osQ tUe vkSj thou&;k=kk dk
o.kZu vius 'kCnksa esa dhft,A
5- dgkuh osQ var vkSj vkjaHk osQ fgLls dks Lo;a i<+dj nsf[k, vkSj crkb, fd
vksl dh cwn¡ ys[kd dks vkichrh lqukrs gq, fdldh izrh{kk dj jgh Fkh\

ikB ls vkxs
1- typØ osQ fo"k; esa tkudkjh izkIr dhft, vkSj ikuh dh dgkuh ls
rqyuk djosQ nsf[k, fd ys[kd us ikuh dh dgkuh esa dkSu&dkSu lh ckrsa
foLrkj ls crkbZ gSaA
104 olar Hkkx 3
2- ¶ikuh dh dgkuh¸ ikB esa vksl dh cw¡n viuh dgkuh Lo;a lquk jgh gS
vkSj ys[kd osQoy Jksrk gSA bl vkRedFkkRed 'kSyh esa vki Hkh fdlh
oLrq dk pquko djosQ dgkuh fy[ksaA
3- leqnz osQ rV ij cls uxjksa esas vfèkd BaM vkSj vfèkd xjeh D;ksa ugha
iM+rh\
4- isM+ osQ Hkhrj iQOokjk ugha gksrk rc isM+ dh tM+ksa ls iÙks rd ikuh oSQls
igq¡prk gS\ bl fozQ;k dks ouLifr 'kkL=k eas D;k dgrs gSa\ D;k bl fozQ;k
dks tkuus osQ fy, dksbZ vklku iz;ksx gS\ tkudkjh izkIr dhft,A

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

1- ikuh dh dgkuh esa ys[kd us dYiuk vkSj oSKkfud rF; dk vkèkkj ysdj
vksl dh cw¡n dh ;k=kk dk o.kZu fd;k gSA vksl dh cw¡n vusd voLFkkvksa
esa lw;ZeaMy] i`Foh] ok;q] leqnz] Tokykeq[kh] ckny] unh vkSj ty ls gksrs
gq, isM+ osQ iÙks rd dh ;k=kk djrh gSA bl dgkuh dh Hkkafr vki Hkh
yksgs vFkok IykfLVd dh dgkuh fy[kus dk iz;kl dhft,A
2- vU; inkFkks± osQ leku ty dh Hkh rhu voLFkk,¡ gksrh gSaA vU; inkFkks± ls
ty dh bu voLFkkvksa esa ,d fo'ks"k varj ;g gksrk gS fd ty dh rjy
voLFk dh rqyuk esas Bksl voLFkk (ciZQ) gydh gksrh gSA bldk dkj.k
Kkr dhft,A
3- ikB osQ lkFk osQoy i<+us osQ fy, nh xbZ iBu&lkexzh ^ge i`Foh dh
larku!* dk lg;ksx ysdj i;kZoj.k ladV ij ,d ys[k fy[ksaA

Hkk"kk dh ckr
1- fdlh Hkh fozQ;k dks laiUu vFkok iwjk djus esa tks Hkh laKk vkfn 'kCn
layXu gksrs gSa] os viuh vyx&vyx Hkwfedkvksa osQ vuqlkj vyx&vyx
dkjdksa esa okD; esa fn[kkbZ iM+rs gSa_ tSlsμ¶og gkFkksa ls f'kdkj dks tdM+
ysrh FkhA¸
tdM+uk fozQ;k rHkh laiUu gks ik,xh tc dksbZ O;fDr (og) tdM+usokyk
gks] dksbZ oLrq (f'kdkj) gks ftls tdM+k tk,A bu Hkwfedkvksa dh izo`Qfr
vyx&vyx gSA O;kdj.k esa ;s Hkwfedk,¡ dkjdksa osQ vyx&vyx Hksnksa_
 ikuh dh dgkuh 105
tSlsμdrkZ] deZ] dj.k vkfn ls Li"V gksrh gSaA
viuh ikB~;iqLrd ls bl izdkj osQ ik¡p vkSj mnkgj.k [kkstdj fyf[k,
vkSj mUgsa HkyhHkk¡fr ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A

'kCnkFkZ
lk¡lr μ dfBukbZ esa iM+uk] cgqr cM+k d"V
o.kZukrhr μ ftldk o.kZu u fd;k tk losQ
 osQoy i<+us osQ fy,

ge i`Foh dh larku!
iznw"k.k osQ egkladV ls fuiVus osQ fy, fo'oHkj osQ jk"Vªkas dh ,d
cSBd 5 twu 1972 dks LVkWdgkse (LohMu) esa gqbZ FkhA bl volj ij
rRdkyhu izèkkuea=kh Lo- Jherh bafnjk xkaèkh us vius vfHkHkk"k.k esa
¶ekrk Hkwfe% iq=kks¿ga i`fFkO;k%¸ dk lan's k fn;k FkkA bl fnol dh Le`fr
esa gh izR;sd o"kZ 5 twu dks ^i;kZoj.k fnol* ge eukrs gSAa lu 1992
esa fj;ks fM tsujs ks (czkthy) esa ,d ^i`Foh lEesyu* vk;ksftr fd;k x;k
ftldk ,d ek=k mís'; ;gh Fkkμ^i`Foh dks cpkvks*A
izÑfr ,d fo'kky ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k gS ftlesa nks izdkj osQ
izeq[k ?kVd 'kkfey
gSaμtSfod vkSj
vtSfodA tSoeaMy dk
fuekZ.k Hkwfe] xxu]
vfuy (ok;q)] vuy
(vfXu)] ty uked
iaprRoksa ls gksrk gS
ftlesa ge NksVs&cM+s
,oa tSo&vtSo
fofoèkrkvksa osQ chp
jgrs vk, gSaA blesa
is M + ] ikS è kks a ,oa
izkf.k;ksa dk fuf'pr
lkeatL; vkSj
lgvfLrLo gSA ftls
leUo;kRed :i esa
i;kZoj.k osQ fofHkUu
 ge i`Foh dh larku 107
vo;o dgrs gSAa i;kZoj.k
'kCn ^ifj* vkSj ^vkoj.k*
bu nks 'kCnksa osQ ;ksx ls
cuk gSA ^ifj* vkSj
^vkoj.k* dk lE;d
vFkZ gSμog vkoj.k tks
gesa pkjksa vksj ls <osQ
gq , gS ] vko` r fd,
gq, gSA
izÑfr vkSj ekuo
osQ chp dk eèkqj
lkeatL; c<+rh
tula[;k ,oa miHkksxh
izo`fÙk osQ dkj.k ?kksj
ladV esa gSA ;g vlarqyu izÑfr osQ fo#¼ rhljs fo'o;q¼ osQ leku
gSA fo'oHkj esa ouksa dk fouk'k] voSèk ,oa vlaxr mR[kuu] dks;yk]
isVªksy] Mhty osQ mi;ksx esa vizR;kf'kr vfHko`f¼ vkSj dy&dkj[kkuksa
osQ fodkl osQ uke ij foLrkjA ekuo lH;rk dks egkfouk'k osQ dxkj
ij yk [kM+k dj fn;k gSA fo'o dh izfl¼ ufn;k¡] tSlsμxaxk] ;equk]
ueZnk] jkbu] lhu] ekl] VsEl tSlh ufn;k¡ Hk;kud :i ls iznwf"kr gks
pqdh gaSA buosQ fudV cls yksxksa dk thou nwHkj gks x;k gSA
i`Foh osQ mQij ok;qe.My osQ LVªsVksfLiQ;j esa vkstksu xSl dh
,d eksVh ijr gSA ;g èkjrh osQ thou dh j{kk dop gS ftlls lw;Z
ls vkus okyh gkfudkjd fdj.ksa jksd yh tkrh gSaA foaQrq i`Foh osQ
mQij tgjhyh xSlksa osQ ckny c<+rs tkus osQ dkj.k lw;Z dh vuko';d
fdj.ksa cká varfj{k esa ijkofrZr ugha gks ikrha ftlosQ dkj.k i`Foh dk
rkieku (Xykscy okfe±x) c<+rk tk jgk gSA blls NksVs&cMs+ lHkh
}hilewgksa ,oa egk}hiksa osQ rVh; {ks=kksa osQ Mwc tkus dk [krjk c<+ x;k
gSA bls ^xzhu gkml izHkko* dgrs gSaA ;gh fLFkfr jgh rks eqacbZ tSls
egkuxj izy; dh xksn esa lek ldrs gaSA i`Foh ij c<+rs rkieku osQ
dkj.k fo'o lH;rk dks ve`r ,oa iks"kd ty iznku djusokys
108 olar Hkkx&3
Xysf'k;j ;k rks yqIr gks x, gSa ;k yqIr gksus dh vksj c<+rs tk jgs gSaA
ve`rokfguh xaxk vius mn~xe xaxks=kh osQ ewy LFkku ls dbZ fdyksehVj
ihNs f[kld pqdh gSA
izkÑfrd vkinkvksa esa c<+ksrjh osQ dkj.k yk[kksa yksx 'kj.kkFkhZ cu
pqosQ gaSA fo'ks"kdj vius Hkkjr esa gh ck¡èkksa] dkj[kkuksa] gkbMªksikWoj
LVs'kuksa osQ cuus osQ dkj.k yk[kksa ouoklh HkkbZ&cgu cs?kj gksdj
'kj.kkFkhZ cus gSaA
i;kZoj.k osQ izfr xgjh laosnu'khyrk izkphu dky ls gh feyrh
gSA vFkoZosn esa fy[kk gSμ^ekrk Hkwfe% iq=kks¿ga i`fFkO;k%* vFkkZr~ Hkwfe
ekrk gSA ge i`Foh osQ iq=k gSaA ,d txg ;g Hkh fou; fd;k x;k gS
fd ^gs ifo=k djus okyh Hkwfe! ge dksbZ ,slk dk”k u djsa ftlls rsjs
ân; dks vk?kkr iga¡qpsA* ân; dks vk?kkr igq¡pkus dk vFkZ gS i`Foh osQ
ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=kksa vFkkZr i;kZoj.k osQ lkFk ozwQj NsM+NkM+ u djukA gesa
izkÑfrd lalkèkuksa osQ vizkÑfrd ,oa csrgk'kk nksgu ls cpuk gksxkA
vkt vko';drk bl ckr dh gS fd fo'o osQ reke jk"Vª
tyok;q ifjorZu osQ xaHkhj [krjs dks ysdj vkilh erHksn Hkwyk nsa
vkSj viuh&viuh ftEesokjh bZekunkjhiwoZd fuHkk,¡] rkfd le; jgrs
loZuk'k ls mcjk tk losQA fo'ofouk'k ls fuiVus osQ fy, lkewfgd
,oa O;fDrxr iz;klksa dh t:jr gSA bl fn'kk esa vusd vkanksyu gks
jgs gSaA vj.; jksnu osQ cnys vj.; laj{k.k dh ckr gks jgh gSA
lpeqp gesa vkRej{kk osQ fy, i`Foh dh j{kk djuh gksxh] ^Hkwfe ekrk
gS vkSj ge i`Foh dh larku* bl dFku dks pfjrkFkZ djuk gksxkA

μizHkq ukjk;.k
 17
ckt vkSj lk¡i

l+ eqnz osQ fdukjs m¡Qps ioZr dh v¡èksjh xqIkQk esa ,d lk¡i jgrk FkkA leqnz dh
rwIkQkuh ygjsa èkwi esa pedrha] f>yfeykrha vkSj fnu Hkj ioZr dh p^kuksa ls
Vdjkrh jgrh FkhaA
ioZr dh v¡èksjh ?kkfV;ksa esa ,d unh Hkh cgrh FkhA vius jkLrs ij fc[kjs
iRFkjksa dks rksM+rh] 'kksj epkrh gqbZ ;g unh cM+s ”kksj ls leqnz dh vksj yidrh
tkrh FkhA ftl txg ij unh vkSj leqnz dk feyki gksrk Fkk] ogk¡ ygjsa nwèk osQ
>kx&lh lI+ksQn fn[kkbZ nsrh FkhaA
viuh xqIkQk esa cSBk gqvk lk¡i lc oqQN ns[kk djrkμygjksa dk xtZu]
vkdk'k esa fNirh gqbZ igkfM+;k¡] Vs<+h&es<+h cy [kkrh gqbZ unh dh xqLls ls Hkjh
vkok”ksaA og eu gh eu [kq'k gksrk Fkk fd bl xtZu&rtZu osQ gksrs gq, Hkh og
lq[kh vkSj lqjf{kr gSA dksbZ mls nq[k ugha ns ldrkA lcls vyx] lcls nwj] og
viuh xqIkQk dk Lokeh gSA u fdlh ls ysuk] u fdlh ls nsukA nqfu;k dh
Hkkx&nkSM+] Nhuk&>iVh ls og nwj gSA lk¡i osQ fy, ;gh lcls cM+k lq[k FkkA
,d fnu ,dk,d vkdk'k esa mM+rk gqvk [kwu ls yFkiFk ,d ckt lk¡i dh
ml xqIkQk esa vk fxjkA mldh Nkrh ij fdrus gh ”k[eksa osQ fu'kku Fks] ia[k [kwu
ls lus Fks vkSj og vèkejk&lk ”kksj&'kksj ls gk¡iQ jgk FkkA ”kehu ij fxjrs gh
mlus ,d nnZ Hkjh ph[k ekjh vkSj ia[kksa dks iQM+iQM+krk gqvk èkjrh ij yksVus
yxkA Mj ls lk¡i vius dksus esa floqQM+ x;kA ¯drq nwljs gh {k.k mlus Hkk¡i
fy;k fd ckt thou dh vafre lk¡lsa fxu jgk gS vkSj mlls Mjuk csdkj gSA
;g lkspdj mldh fgEer c¡èkh vkSj og jsaxrk gqvk ml ?kk;y i{kh osQ ikl
110 olar Hkkx 3
tk igqp ¡ kA mldh rjI+kQ oqQN nsj
rd ns[krk jgk] fiQj eu gh
eu [kq'k gksrk gqvk cksykμ ¶D;ksa
HkkbZ] bruh tYnh ejus dh rS;kjh
dj yh\¸
ckt us ,d yach vkg Hkjh
¶,slk gh fn[krk gS fd vkf[kjh
?kM+h vk igq¡ph gS ysfdu eq>s
dksbZ f'kdk;r ugha gSA esjh ¯”knxh
Hkh [kwc jgh HkkbZ] th Hkjdj
mls Hkksxk gSA tc rd 'kjhj esa
rkdr jgh] dksbZ lq[k ,slk ugha
cpk ftls u Hkksxk gksA nwj&nwj
rd mM+kusa Hkjh gSa] vkdk'k dh vlhe m¡Qpkb;ksa dks vius ia[kksa ls uki vk;k
gw¡A rqEgkjk cM+k nqHkkZX; gS fd rqe ¯”knxh Hkj vkdk'k esa mM+us dk vkuan dHkh
ugha mBk ikvksxsA¸
lk¡i cksykμ ¶vkdk'k! vkdk'k dks ysdj D;k eSa pkVw¡xk! vkdk'k esa
vkf[kj j[kk D;k gS\ D;k eSa rqEgkjs vkdk'k esa jsax ldrk gw¡A uk HkkbZ] rqEgkjk
vkdk'k rqEgsa gh eqckjd] esjs fy, rks ;g xqIkQk HkyhA bruh vkjkensg vkSj
lqjf{kr txg vkSj dgk¡ gksxh\¸
lk¡i eu gh eu ck”k dh ew[kZrk ij g¡l jgk FkkA og lkspus yxk fd
vkf[kj mM+us vkSj jsaxus osQ chp dkSu&lk Hkkjh varj gSA var esa rks lcosQ HkkX;
esa ejuk gh fy[kk gSμ'kjhj fe^h dk gS] fe^h esa gh fey tk,xkA
vpkud ckt us viuk >qdk gqvk flj Åij mBk;k vkSj mldh n`f"V lk¡i
dh xqiQk osQ pkjksa vksj ?kweus yxhA pÐ^kuksa esa iM+h njkjksa ls ikuh xqIkQk esa Vid
jgk FkkA lhyu vkSj v¡èksjs esa Mwch xqIkQk esa ,d Hk;kud nqxZ±èk iSQyh gqbZ Fkh]
ekuks dksbZ ph”k o"kksZ± ls iM+h&iM+h lM+ xbZ gksA
 ckt vkSj lk¡i 111
ckt osQ eq¡g ls ,d cM+h ”kksj dh d#.k ph[k iwQVh iM+hμ¶vkg! dk'k] eSa
flI+kZQ ,d ckj vkdk'k esa mM+ ikrkA¸
ckt dh ,slh d#.k ph[k lqudj lk¡i oqQN flVfiVk&lk x;kA ,d {k.k osQ
fy, mlosQ eu esa ml vkdk'k osQ izfr bPNk iSnk gks xbZ ftlosQ fo;ksx esa ckt
bruk O;koqQy gksdj NViVk jgk FkkA mlus ckt ls dgkμ¶;fn rqEgsa Lora=krk
bruh I;kjh gS rks bl p^ku osQ fdukjs ls Åij D;ksa ugha mM+ tkus dh dksf'k'k
djrsA gks ldrk gS fd rqEgkjs iSjksa esa vHkh bruh rkdr ckdh gks fd rqe
vkdk'k esa mM+ ldksA dksf'k'k djus esa D;k g”kZ gS\¸
ckt esa ,d u;h vk'kk tx mBhA og nwus mRlkg ls vius ?kk;y 'kjhj dks
?klhVrk gqvk p^ku osQ fdukjs rd [khap yk;kA [kqys vkdk'k dks ns[kdj
mldh vk¡[ksa ped mBhaA mlus ,d xgjh] yach lk¡l yh vkSj vius ia[k
iSQykdj gok esa owQn iM+kA
¯drq mlosQ VwVs ia[kksa esa bruh 'kfDr ugha Fkh fd mlosQ 'kjhj dk cks>
l¡Hkky losaQA iRFkj&lk mldk 'kjhj yq<+drk gqvk unh esa tk fxjkA ,d ygj
us mBdj mlosQ ia[kksa ij tes [kwu dks èkks fn;k] mlosQ FkosQ&ek¡ns 'kjhj dks
lI+ksQn isQu ls <d fn;k] fiQj viuh xksn esa lesVdj mls vius lkFk lkxj dh
vksj ys pyhA
ygjsa p^kuksa ij flj èkquus yxha ekuks ckt dh e`R;q ij vk¡lw cgk jgh gksaA
èkhjs&èkhjs leqnz osQ vlhe foLrkj esa ckt vk¡[kksa ls vks>y gks x;kA
p^ku dh [kks[ky esa cSBk gqvk lk¡i cM+h nsj rd ckt dh e`R;q vkSj
vkdk'k osQ fy, mlosQ izse osQ fo"k; esa lksprk jgkA
¶vkdk'k dh vlhe 'kwU;rk esa D;k ,slk vkd"kZ.k fNik gS ftlosQ fy,
ckt us vius izk.k x¡ok fn,\ og [kqn rks ej x;k ysfdu esjs fny dk pSu vius
lkFk ys x;kA u tkus vkdk'k esa D;k [ktkuk j[kk gS\ ,d ckj rks eSa Hkh ogk¡
tkdj mlosQ jgL; dk irk yxkm¡Qxk pkgs oqQN nsj osQ fy, gh gksA de ls de
ml vkdk'k dk Lokn rks p[k yw¡xkA¸
112 olar Hkkx 3
;g dgdj lk¡i us vius 'kjhj dks fldksM+k vkSj vkxs jsaxdj vius dks
vkdk'k dh 'kwU;rk esa NksM+ fn;kA èkwi esa {k.k Hkj osQ fy, lk¡i dk 'kjhj
fctyh dh ydhj&lk ped x;kA
¯oQrq ftlus thou Hkj jsaxuk lh[kk Fkk] og Hkyk D;k mM+ ikrk\ uhps
NksVh&NksVh p^kuksa ij èkIi ls lk¡i tk fxjkA bZ'oj dh o`Qik ls cspkjk cp x;k]
ugha rks ejus esa D;k dlj ckdh jgh FkhA lk¡i g¡lrs gq, dgus yxkμ
¶lks mM+us dk ;gh vkuan gSμHkj ik;k eSa rks! i{kh Hkh fdrus ew[kZ gSaA èkjrh
osQ lq[k ls vutku jgdj vkdk'k dh m¡Qpkb;ksa dks ukiuk pkgrs FksA ¯drq vc
eSaus tku fy;k fd vkdk'k esa oqQN ugha j[kkA osQoy <sj&lh jks'kuh osQ flok
ogk¡ oqQN Hkh ugha] 'kjhj dks l¡Hkkyus osQ fy, dksbZ LFkku ugha] dksbZ lgkjk ughaA
fiQj os i{kh fdl cwrs ij bruh Mhaxsa gk¡drs gSa] fdlfy, èkjrh osQ izkf.k;ksa dks
bruk NksVk le>rs gSaA vc eSa dHkh èkks[kk ugha [kkm¡Qxk] eSaus vkdk'k ns[k fy;k
vkSj [kwc ns[k fy;kA ck”k rks cM+h&cM+h ckrsa cukrk Fkk] vkdk'k osQ xq.k xkrs
Fkdrk ugha FkkA mlh dh ckrksa esa vkdj eSa vkdk'k esa owQnk FkkA bZ'oj Hkyk
djs] ejrs&ejrs cp x;kA vc rks esjh ;g ckr vkSj Hkh iDdh gks xbZ gS fd
viuh [kks[ky ls cM+k lq[k vkSj dgha ugha gSA èkjrh ij jasax ysrk gw¡] esjs fy,
;g cgqr oqQN gSA eq>s vkdk'k dh LoPNanrk ls D;k ysuk&nsuk\ u ogk¡ Nr
gS] u nhokjsa gSa] u jsaxus osQ fy, ”kehu gSA esjk rks flj pdjkus yxrk gSA fny
dk¡ i &dk¡ i tkrk gS A vius iz k .kks a dks [krjs es a Mkyuk dgk¡ dh
prqjkbZ gS\¸
lk¡i lkspus yxk fd ckt vHkkxk Fkk ftlus vkdk'k dh vk”kknh dks izkIr
djus esa vius izk.kksa dh ck”kh yxk nhA
¯drq oqQN nsj ckn lk¡i osQ vk'p;Z dk fBdkuk ugha jgkA mlus lquk] p^kuksa
osQ uhps ls ,d eèkqj] jgL;e; xhr dh vkok”k mB jgh gSA igys mls vius
dkuksa ij fo'okl ugha gqvkA ¯drq oqQN nsj ckn xhr osQ Loj vfèkd lkI+kQ
lqukbZ nsus yxsA og viuh xqIkQk ls ckgj vk;k vkSj p^ku ls uhps >k¡dus yxkA
lwjt dh lqugjh fdj.kksa esa leqnz dk uhyk ty f>yfeyk jgk FkkA p^kuksa dks
 ckt vkSj lk¡i 113
fHkxksrh gqbZ leqnz dh ygjksa esa xhr osQ Loj iwQV jgs FksA ygjksa dk ;g xhr
nwj&nwj rd xw¡t jgk FkkA
lk¡i us lquk] ygjsa eèkqj Loj esa xk jgh gSaA
gekjk ;g xhr mu lkglh yksxksa osQ fy, gS tks vius izk.kksa dks gFksyh ij
j[ks gq, ?kwers gSaA
prqj ogh gS tks izk.kksa dh ck”kh yxkdj ¯”knxh osQ gj [krjs dk cgknqjh ls
lkeuk djsA
vks fuMj ckt! 'k=kqvksa ls yM+rs gq, rqeus viuk dherh jDr cgk;k gSA ij
og le; nwj ugha gS] tc rqEgkjs [kwu dh ,d&,d cw¡n ¯”knxh osQ v¡èksjs esa
izdk'k iSQyk,xh vkSj lkglh] cgknqj fnyksa esa Lora=krk vkSj izdk'k osQ fy, izse
iSnk djsxhA
rqeus viuk thou cfynku dj fn;k ¯drq fiQj Hkh rqe vej gksA tc dHkh
lkgl vkSj ohjrk osQ xhr xk, tk,¡xs] rqEgkjk uke cM+s xoZ vkSj J¼k ls fy;k
tk,xkA
¶gekjk xhr ¯”knxh osQ mu nhokuksa osQ fy, gS tks ej dj Hkh e`R;q ls ugha
MjrsA¸
μfueZy oekZ

iz'u&vH;kl
'kh"kZd vkSj uk;d
y ys[kd us bl dgkuh dk 'kh"kZd dgkuh osQ nks ik=kksa osQ vkèkkj ij j[kk
gSA ys[kd us bl dgkuh osQ fy, ckt vkSj lk¡i dks gh D;ksa pquk gksxk\
D;k ;gh dgkuh fdlh vkSj ik=kksa }kjk Hkh dgh tk ldrh gS\ vkil esa
ppkZ dhft,A
114 olar Hkkx 3

dgkuh ls
1- ?kk;y gksus osQ ckn Hkh ckt us ;g D;kasa dgk] ¶eq>s dksbZ f'kdk;r ugha
gSA¸ fopkj izdV dhft,A
2- ckt f”kanxh Hkj vkdk'k esa gh mM+rk jgk fiQj ?kk;y gksus osQ ckn Hkh og
mM+uk D;ksa pkgrk Fkk\
3- lk¡i mM+us dh bPNk dks ew[kZrkiw.kZ ekurk FkkA fiQj mlus mM+us dh dksf'k'k
D;ksa dh\
4- ckt osQ fy, ygjksa us xhr D;ksa xk;k Fkk\
5- ?kk;y ckt dks ns[kdj lk¡i [kq'k D;ksa gqvk gksxk\

dgkuh ls vkxs
1- dgkuh esa ls os iafDr;k¡ pqudj fyf[k, ftuls Lora=krk dh izsj.kk
feyrh gksA
2- ygjksa dk xhr lquus osQ ckn lk¡i us D;k lkspk gksxk\ D;k mlus fiQj ls
mM+us dh dksf'k'k dh gksxh\ viuh dYiuk ls vkxs dh dgkuh iwjh
dhft,A
3- D;k if{k;ksa dks mM+rs le; lpeqp vkuan dk vuqHko gksrk gksxk ;k
LokHkkfod dk;Z esa vkuan dk vuqHko gksrk gh ugha\ fopkj izdV dhft,A
4- ekuo us Hkh ges'kk if{k;ksa dh rjg mM+us dh bPNk eu esa j[kh gSA euq";
dh bl bPNk dk ifj.kke D;k gqvk\ vkt euq"; mM+us dh bPNk fdu
lkèkuksa ls iwjh djrk gSA

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

y ;fn bl dgkuh osQ ik=k ckt vkSj lk¡i u gksdj dksbZ vkSj gksrs rc dgkuh
oSQlh gksrh\ viuh dYiuk ls fyf[k,A
 ckt vkSj lk¡i 115
Hkk"kk dh ckr
1- dgkuh esa ls viuh ilan osQ ik¡p eqgkojs pqudj mudk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx
dhft,A
2- ^vkjkensg* 'kCn esa ^nsg* izR;; gSA ^nsg* ^nsusokyk* osQ vFkZ esa iz;qDr
gksrk gSA nsusokyk osQ vFkZ esa ^n*] ^izn*] ^nkrk*] ^nkbZ* vkfn dk iz;ksx Hkh
gksrk gS] tSlsμlq[kn] lq[knkrk] lq[knkbZ] lq[kiznA mi;qZDr lekukFkhZ izR;;ksa
dks ysdj nks&nks 'kCn cukb,A

'kCnkFkZ
f'k[kj μ igkM+ dh pksVh vlhe μ ftldh dksbZ lhek u gks]
lfjrk μ unh vikj
flVfiVkuk μ Hk; ;k ?kcM+kgV fo;ksx μ vHkko
ls lge tkuk [kks[ky μ [kks[kyh txg] cM+k Nsn
 18
Vksih
,d Fkh xojb;k (xkSjS;k) vkSj ,d Fkk xojk (uj xkSjS;k)A nksuksa ,d nwts osQ
ije laxhA tgk¡ tkrs] tc Hkh tkrs] lkFk gh tkrsA lkFk g¡lrs] lkFk gh jksr]s ,d
lkFk [kkrs&ihrs] ,d lkFk lksrsA fHkulkj gksrs gh [kksars ls fudy iM+rs nkuk
pqxus vkSj >qViqVk gksrs gh [kksars esa vk ?kqlrsA Fkdku feVkrs vkSj lkjs fnu osQ
ns[ks&lqus esa fgLlsnkjh
cVkrsA ,d 'kke
xojb;k cksyh]
¶vkneh dks ns[krs gks\
oSQls jax&fcjaxs diM+s
igurs gS a ! fdruk
iQcrk gS mu ij
diM+k!¸
¶[kkd iQcrk gS!¸ xojk rikd ls cksyk] ¶diM+k igu ysus osQ ckn rks
vkneh vkSj cnlwjr yxus yxrk gSA¸
¶yxrk gS vkt yVthjk pqx x, gks\¸ xojb;k cksy iM+hA
¶diM+s igu ysus osQ ckn vkneh dh oqQnjrh [kwclwjrh <¡d tks tkrh gSA¸
xojk cksyk] ¶vc rw gh lksp! vHkh rks rsjh lq?kM+ dk;k dk ,d&,d dVko
esjs lkeus gS] jksaosa&jksaosa dh jaxr esjh vk¡[kksa esa ped jgh gSA vc vxj rw ekuql
dh rjg [kqn dks ljkik <¡d ys rks rsjh lkjh [kwclwjrh vks>y gks tk,xh fd
ugha\¸
¶diM+s osQoy vPNk yxus osQ fy, ugha] xojb;k cksyh] ¶ekSle dh ekj
ls cpus osQ fy, Hkh igurk gS vknehA¸
 Vksih 117
¶rw le>rh ugha A ¸ xojk g¡ l dj cks y k] ¶diM+ s igu&igudj
tkM+k&xjeh&cjlkr lgus dh mudh ldr Hkh tkrh jgh gSA ---vkSj bl diM+s
esa cM+k yiQM+k Hkh gSA diM+k igurs gh iguusokys dh vkSdkr irk py tkrh
gS ---vkneh&vkneh dh gSfl;r esa Hksn iSnk gks tkrk gSA¸
¶fiQj Hkh vkneh diM+k iguus ls ckt ugha vkrkA¸ xojb;k cksyhA ¶fur
u,&u, fyckl flyokrk jgrk gSA¸
¶;g fujk iksaxkiu gSA¸ xojk cksyk] ¶vkneh rks fyckl ls iQdr ykt gh
ugha <¡drk] gkFk&iSj tks pyus&fiQjus] dke djus osQ okLrs gSa] mUgsa Hkh nLrkus
vkSj eksts ls <¡d ysrk gSA flj ij yVsa gSa] mUgsa Hkh Vksih ls <¡d ysrk gSA viu
rks uaxs gh HkysA¸
¶muosQ flj ij Vksih fdruh vPNh yxrh gSA¸ xojb;k cksyh] ¶esjk Hkh
eu Vksih iguus dk djrk gSA¸
¶Vksih rw ik,xh dgk¡ ls\¸ xojk cksyk] ¶Vksih rks vknfe;ksa dk jktk igurk
gSA tkurh gS] ,d Vksih osQ fy, fdruksa dk VkV myV tkrk gSA tjk&lh pwd gqbZ
ugha fd Vksih mNyrs nsj ugha yxrhA viuh Vksih lyker jgs] blh fiQdj esa
fdruksa dks Vksih igukuh iM+rh gSA ---esjh eku rks rw bl pDdj esa iM+ gh erA¸
xojk Fkk rfud le>nkj] blfy, 'kDdhA tcfd xojb;k Fkh ftíh vkSj
èkqu dh iDdhA Bku fy;k lks Bku fy;k] mldks gh thou dk y{; eku
fy;kA dgk x;k gSμtgk¡ pkg] ogha jkgA ekewy osQ eqrkfcd vxys fnu nksuksa
?kwjs ij pqxus fudysA
pqxrs&pqxrs mls #bZ
dk ,d iQkgk feykA
¶fey x;k--- fey
x;k--- fey x;k---¸
xojb;k ekjs [kq'kh
osQ ?kwjs ij yksVus
yxhA
118 olar Hkkx 3
¶vjs--- D;k fey x;k] js!¸ xojs us fpgkdj iwNkA
¶fey x;k--- fey x;k--- Vksih dk tqxkM+ fey x;k---¸ xojb;k us xojs osQ
lkeus #bZ dk iQkgk èkj fn;kA
¶rsjs tSlk gh ,d ckojk vkSj FkkA¸ xojk cksyk] ¶jkLrk pyrs&pyrs mls
vpkud ,d fnu iM+k gqvk pkcqd fey x;kA pkcqd Fkk cM+k mEnk vkSj
ypdnkjA fdlh ?kqMl + okj osQ gkFk ls NwVdj fxj x;k gksxkA pkcqd gkFk yxrs gh
og ckojk ph[kus yxkμ^pkcqd rks fey x;k] ckdh cpk rhu&?kksMk+ &yxke&thu*A
vc ;s rhuksa rks jkLrs esa iM+s feyus ls jgsA lc dke&èkaèkk NksM+ og ckojk rkmez
;g jVrk jgkμ^ckdh cpk rhu&?kksMk+ &yxke&thu*A¸ xojk mls le>krs gq,
cksyk] ¶bl #bZ osQ iQkgs ls ysdj Vksih rd dk liQj--- rq>s oqQN vrk&irk gS\¸
¶cl ns[krs tkvks--- vc oSQls curh gS VksihA¸ xojb;k #bZ dk iQkgk fy,
,d èkqfu;k osQ ikl pyh xbZ vkSj cM+s euqgkj ls cksyh] ¶èkqfu;k Hkb;k&èkqfu;k
Hkb;k! bl #bZ osQ iQkgs dks èkqu nksA¸
èkqfu;k cspkjk cw<+k FkkA tkM+s dk ekSle FkkA mlosQ ru ij o"kks± iqjkuh
rkj&rkj gks pqdh ,d fetZbZ iM+h gqbZ FkhA og dk¡irs gq, cksyk] ¶rw tkrh gS
fd ugha! ns[krh ugha] vHkh eq>s
jktk th osQ fy, jtkbZ cukuh gSA
,d rks ;gk¡ dk jktk ,slk gS tks
pke dk nke pykrk gSA mQij ls rw
vk xbZ iQksdV dh #bZ èkquokusA¸
¶mtz u djks Hkb,!¸ xojb;k
cksyh] ¶eSa rqEgsa iwjh mtjr nw¡xhA
bls èkqu nks] Hkb;k! vkèkk rw ys ys]
vkèkk eSa ys yw¡xhA¸
èkqfu, dks viuh ¯”knxh esa vkt
rd bruh [kjh etwjh dHkh u feyh
FkhA lksyg vkus esa vkB vkus etwjh
 Vksih 119
rks blosQ fy, liuk FkhA og >V rS;kj gks x;kA ^?kjZ&pksa] ?kjZ&pksa* mldh rk¡rh
ct mBhA mlus cM+s eu ls #bZ èkquh] ¶yks bls---A¸ mlesa ls vkèkk èkqfu, us ys
fy;k vkSj vkèkk xojb;k usA
blls mRlkfgr xojk&xojb;k ,d dksjh osQ ;gk¡ x, vkSj dgus yxs] ¶dksjh
Hkb;k&dksjh Hkb;k] bl èkquh #bZ ls lwr dkr nksA¸
dksjh dh dej >qdh gqbZ FkhA mlus cnu ij èkTth&èkTth gks pqdk ,d
èkqLlk Mky j[kk FkkA og cM+h vfuPNk ls cksyk] ¶rqe yksx ;gk¡ ls Hkkxrs gks
fd ughaA ns[krs ugha] vHkh eq>s jktk th osQ vpdu osQ fy, lwr dkrus gSaA eq>s
iqQlZr ugha gS eqÝr esa eYykj xkus dhA¸
¶Hkb;k] bl eqyqd esa lc dke D;k jktk th osQ fy, gh gksrk gS\¸
xojb;k vpjt ls cksyhA
¶rw fdl eqyd q ls vkbZ gS\¸ dksjh us mls Hkj vk¡[k ns[kk] ¶tkurh ugha ;gk¡
dk pyu--- [kV ejs cjèkk] cSBk [kk; rqjaxA ;gk¡ lc dke jktk th osQ uke ij
vkSj jktk th osQ fy, gksrk gSA jktk th osQ yxq,&Hkxq, Hkh rks cgqr gSa--- blh
esa mudk Hkh dke gksrk gSA¸
¶eqdjks er] Hkb;k! ge rqEgsa ekdwy eqvkotk nsaxsA¸ xojb;k cksy iM+h]
¶bls dkr nks--- vkèkk rqe ys yks] vkèkk eSa ys yw¡xhA¸
dksjh Hkh rS;kj gks x;kA bruh okftc etwjh ij dke u djuk ew[kZrk gksrhA
^rUu--- rUu* djosQ mldh rdyh pj[kh rkrk&FkS;k djus yxhA dkiQh eghu
vkSj yPNsnkj lwr dkr fn, mlusA
dne&dne ij feyrs dkexkjksa osQ lg;ksx us xojb;k dks vkxs c<+us ij
mdlk fn;kA blosQ ckn os nksuksa ,d cqudj osQ ikl x, vkSj bljkj djus yxs]
¶cqudj Hkb;k] cqudj Hkb;k] bl drs lwr ls diM+k cqu nksA¸
cqudj bUgsa vxcx gksdj ns[kus yxk] ¶gVrs gks fd ugha ;gk¡ ls! ns[krs
ugha] vHkh eq>s jktk th osQ fy, ckxk cquuk gSA vHkh FkksM+h nsj ckn gh jktk
th osQ dkfjans gkftj gks tk,¡xsA lko djs Hkko rks pcko djs pkdjA¸ bruk
dgdj cqudj vius dke esa e'kxwy gks x;kA
120 olar Hkkx 3
¶bls cqu ns Hkb;k!¸ xojb;k us lkgl l¡tksdj dgk] ¶ge lsar&esar dk
dke ugha djokrsA bls cqu ns vkSj vkèkk rw ys ys] vkèkk ge ys ysaxsA¸
cqudj us ns[kk fd lkSnk cqjk ugha gSA og rS;kj gks x;kA lwr viuh vksj
[khapdj rkuk&ckuk ilkj fn;kA mldk dj?kk pyus yxk] <jdh <qydus yxhA
FkksM+h gh nsj esa mlus dkI+kQh xiQ'k vkSj ncht diM+k cqu fn;kA vkèkk mlus ys
fy;k vkSj vkèkk bUgksausA
xojb;k us rhu pkSFkkbZ eaf”ky ekj yh FkhA diM+k fy,&fn, og ,d nthZ
osQ ikl tk igq¡ph] ¶nthZ Hkb;k&nthZ Hkb;k] bldh Vksih fly nksA¸
¶f[kldrh gks fd ugha ;gk¡ lsA¸ nthZ jks"k ls cksyk] ¶ns[krs ugha] jktk th
dh lkroha jkuh ls ukS csfV;ksa osQ ckn nlok¡ csVk iSnk gqvk gSA vc ml nljru
osQ fy, eq>s <sjksa >Ccs flyus gSaA¸ nthZ us ekFks dk ilhuk iksaNrs gq, BaMh vkg
Hkjh] ¶oqQN nsuk] u ysuk--- Hkj ekFks ilhukA¸
¶ge rks Hkb,] csxkj esa oqQN djokrs ughaA¸ xojb;k cksyh] ¶bl cqus diM+s
dh Vksih fly nsA cfYd nks Vksfi;k¡ fly nsA ,d rw ys ys] ,d ge ys ysaxsA¸
eqg¡ ek¡xh etwjh ij dkSu ewth rS;kj u gksrkA ^dPp&dPp* mldh oSQa ph py
mBh vkSj pwgs dh rjg ^ljZ&ljZ* mldh lwbZ diM+s osQ Hkhrj&ckgj gksus yxhA
cM+s euks;ksx ls mlus nks Vksfi;k¡ fly nhaA [kq'k gksdj nthZ us viuh vksj ls ,d
Vksih ij ik¡p iqQ¡ nus Hkh tM+ fn,A iqQ¡ nusokyh Vksih igudj rks xojb;k tSls vkis
esa u jghA Ms<+ Vk¡xksa ij gh yxh ukpus] iqQnd&iqQnddj yxh xojk dks fn[kkus]
¶ns[k esjh Vksih lcls fujkyh---ik¡p i¡qQnusokyhA¸
¶okdbZ rw rks jkuh yx jgh gSA¸ xojs dks Hkh vkf[kjdkj dguk iM+kA
¶jkuh] ugha] jktk dgks] esjs jktk!¸ xojb;k m¡Qpk mM+us yxh] ¶vc dkSu
jktk esjk eqdkcyk djsxkA¸
Vksih igurs gh mlosQ eu esa ,d u, gqyl us ”kksj ekjk fd D;ksa u bl
eqyqd osQ jktk dk Hkh ,d ckj tk;tk fy;k tk, ftlosQ fy, bÙks lkjs dke
gksrs gSaA
mM+rs&mM+rs og jktk osQ egy osQ oaQxwjs ij tk cSBhA
 Vksih 121

mlh oDr jktk vius pkSckjs ij Vgyqvksa ls [kqyh èkwi esa iqQysy dh ekfy'k
djok jgk FkkA jktk ml oDr vèkuaxk cnu vkSj uaxs flj FkkA ,d Vgyqvk flj
ij paih dj jgk Fkk] rks nwljk gkFk&ik¡o dh m¡xfy;k¡ iQksM+ jgk Fkk] rks rhljk
ihB ij eqDdh ekj jgk Fkk rks pkSFkk ¯iMyh ij xqíh dk<+ jgk FkkA
xojb;k oaQxwjs ij ls gh fpYykbZ] ¶esjs flj ij Vksih] jktk osQ flj ij Vksih
ugha--- jktk osQ flj ij Vksih ughaA¸
ekfy'k djokrs jktk dh u”kj xojb;k ls Vdjk xbZA xojb;k osQ flj ij
iq¡Qnusnkj Vksih ns[kdj mldh vdy pdjk xbZA og rks yxkrkj jVs tk jgh Fkh]
¶esjs flj ij Vksih] jktk osQ flj ij Vksih ughaA¸
¶vjs dksbZ esjh Vksih ykvks--- tjk tYnhA¸ jktk nksuksa gkFkksa ls viuk flj
<¡drs gq, fpYyk;kA
Vksih vk xbZA jktk us >V igu Hkh yh] ¶ns[k jh iQnxqíhA¸
¶esjh Vksih esa ik¡p i¡qQnus¸] xojb;k us vc nwljk gh jkx vykiuk 'kq: dj
fn;kA ¶jktk dh Vksih esa ,d Hkh ugha--- esjh Vksih esa ik¡p iq¡Qnus] jktk dh Vksih
esa i¡qQnus ughaA¸
122 olar Hkkx 3
jktk dks csgn gsBh eglwl gqbZA bl eqyqd osQ egkcyh jktk osQ lkeus ,d
fpfM+;k dh ;g etky! og cqjh rjg fcxM+ x;k] ¶bl iQnxqíh dh xnZu ely
nks--- i[kus uksp yks--- flikfg;ksa] nsj u djksA¸
¶[kek djsa egkjkt!¸ ea=kh us gkFk tksM+ fn,] ¶ePNj ekjdj gkFk D;ksa xank
djuk! vius vki pyh tk,xhA¸
rc jktk flikfg;ksa ls cksyk] ¶;g ,sls ugha ekusxhA bldh Vksih Nhu ys
vkvks--- mls eSa iSjksa ls Bksdj ek:¡ xkA¸
,d flikgh us xqysy ekjdj xojb;k dh Vksih uhps fxjk nh] rks nwljs
flikgh us >V og Vksih yid yh vkSj jktk osQ lkeus is'k dj fn;kA jktk Vksih
dks iSjksa ls elyus gh tk jgk Fkk fd mldh [kwclwjrh ns[kdj nax jg x;kA
dkjhxjh osQ bl uk;kc uewus dks ns[kdj og tM+ gks x;kμ¶esjs jkt esa esjs flok
bruh [kwclwjr Vksih nwljs osQ ikl oSQls igqp
¡ h!¸ lksprs gq, jktk mls myV&iqyVdj
ns[kus yxkA
¶bruh uxhuk Vksih bl eqyqd esa cukbZ fdlus\¸ jktk osQ eu esa [k;ky
vk;kA vc rks ml gqujean dkjhxj dh [kkst gksus yxhA jktk pkgs vkSj irk u
pys!
fxjrs&iM+rs nthZ gkf”kj gqvk] ¶nqgkbZ vUunkrkA¸
¶bruh cf<+;k Vksih rqeus dHkh gekjs fy, D;ksa ugha cukbZ\¸ es?kksa dh
xM+xM+kgV dh ekfuan jktk dh vkok”k fudyhA
¶nqgkbZ vUunkrk!¸
¶gesa nqgkbZ ugha--- otg crkvksA¸
¶diM+k cgqr mEnk Fkk ljdkj! ,dne xiQ'k vkSj nchtA¸
¶,slk mEnk diM+k fdlus cquk\¸ ukx dh ekfuan jktk iw¡Qd ekjus yxkA
fxjrs&iM+rs cqudj gkf”kj gqvk] ¶ekiQh c['ksa] ljdkjA¸
¶ekiQh ugha--- otg crkvksA¸
¶lwr cM+k mEnk Fkk ljdkjA ,dne eghu vkSj yPNsnkjA¸
¶bruk eghu lwr fdlus dkrk\¸ 'ksj dh ekfuan jktk us ngkM+ ekjhA
 Vksih 123
fxjrs&iM+rs dksjh gkftj gqvk] ¶tku c['ksa] egkjkt!¸
¶tku ugha--- otg crkvksA¸
¶#bZ cM+h csgrjhu Fkh] ljdkj! ,dne cknyksa dh rjg èkquh gqbZA¸
¶bruh csgrjhu #bZ fdlus èkquh\¸ fctyh dh rjg jktk dh vkok”k
dM+dhA
gk¡iQrs&Nkrh ihVrs èkqfu;k gkf”kj gqvk] ¶[kek vUunkrk!¸
¶[kek ugha--- otg crkvksA¸ jktk xqLls ls dk¡i jgk Fkk] ¶rqe pkjksa us
feydj bl xojb;k dk dke fd;k--- gekjs fy, vkt rd ,slk dke D;ksa ugha
fd;k\¸
¶vkiosQ fy, Hkh fd;k gS] ljdkjA¸ èkqfu, us ”kehu ij ysVdj dgk]
¶vkxs Hkh vkiosQ fy, djsaxs] ljdkj\¸
¶gekjs fy, vc rd tks dke gqvk gS] mlesa bruh uiQklr D;ksa ugha Fkh\¸
¶vHk; nku nsa] rks cksyw¡] ljdkj!¸ èkqfu;k cksykA
¶pyks fn;k]¸ jktk cksys] ¶vc crkvks---A¸
¶egkjkt! bl xojb;k us tks Hkh dke djok;k mlesa vkèkk fgLlk ns nsrh
FkhA ftlosQ ikl cgqr oqQN gS] og oqQN Hkh ugha nsrkA blosQ ikl oqQN Hkh ugha
Fkk fiQj Hkh ;g vkèkk ns nsrh FkhA blhfy, blosQ dke esa vius&vki uiQklr
vkrh xbZ] ljdkjA¸ èkqfu;k naMor ij naMor fd, tk jgk FkkA
¶ns[k ys&ns[k ys] jktk! ---vk¡[k esa v¡xqyh Mkydj ns[k ysA blosQ fy, iwjs
eksy pqdk, gSaA csxkj dh ugha gS ;gA¸ xojb;k fiQj fpYykus yxh] ¶;g jktk
rks oaQxky gSA fujk oaQxkyA bldk èku ?kV x;k yxrk gSA bls Vksih rd ugha
tqjrh--- rHkh rks blus esjh Vksih Nhu yhA¸
jktk rks okdbZ vdcdk x;k FkkA ,d rks reke dkjhxjksa us mldh enn dh
FkhA nwljs] bl Vksih osQ lkeus viuh Vksih dh delwjrhA rhljs] [ktkus dh
[kqyrh iksyA bl ik[kh dks oSQls irk pyk fd èku ?kV x;k gS\ reke csxkj
djokus] cgqr l[rh ls yxku olwyus osQ ckotwn jktk dk [ktkuk [kkyh gh
jgrk FkkA bruk ,s'kksvkjke] bruh y'kdjh] brus yokftes dk cks> [ktkuk
124 olar Hkkx 3
l¡Hkkys Hkh rks oSQls!¸
reke yksx fudy vk, Fks--- ;g vuks[kk rek'kk ns[kusA
ea=kh us gkSys ls dgk] ¶;g eq¡giQV rks egkjkt dks csijnk gh djosQ ne
ysxhA¸
jktk rks [kqn ?kcjk jgk Fkk] >V ls cksy iM+k] ¶bldh Vksih okil dj nksA¸
flikfg;ksa us dguk ekukA Vksih okil oaQxwjs dh vksj gok esa mNky nh xbZA
xojb;k us fiQj ls Vksih igu
yh vkSj mM+&mM+dj dgus yxh]
¶;g jktk rks Mjiksd gSA fujk
Mjiksd! eq>ls Mj x;kA rHkh rks
blus esjh Vksih ykSVk nhA¸
¶dkSu bl eq¡giQV osQ eq¡g
yxs\ D;ksa ea=kh th!¸ dgdj jktk
us viuh Vksih dldj idM+ yhA
μl`at;

iz'u&vH;kl
dgkuh ls
1- xojb;k vkSj xojk osQ chp fdl ckr ij cgl gqbZ vkSj xojb;k dks
viuh bPNk iwjh djus dk volj oSQls feyk\
2- xojb;k vkSj xojs dh cgl osQ rdks± dks ,d=k djsa vkSj mUgsa laokn osQ
:i esa fy[ksaA
3- Vksih cuokus osQ fy, xojb;k fdl fdl osQ ikl xbZ\ Vksih cuus rd
osQ ,d&,d dk;Z dks fy[ksaA
4- xojb;k dh Vksih ij nthZ us ik¡p iq¡Qnus D;ksa tM+ fn,\
 Vksih 125

dgkuh ls vkxs
1- fdlh dkjhxj ls ckrphr dhft, vkSj ifjJe dk mfpr ewY; ugha feyus
ij mldh izfrfozQ;k D;k gksxh\ Kkr dhft, vkSj fyf[k,A
2- xojb;k dh bPNk iwfrZ dk ozQe ?kwjs ij #bZ osQ fey tkus ls izkjaHk gksrk
gSA mlosQ ckn og ozQe'k% ,d&,d dj dbZ dkjhxjksa osQ ikl tkrh gS
vkSj mldh Vksih rS;kj gksrh gSA vki Hkh viuh dksbZ bPNk pqu yhft,A
mldh iwfrZ osQ fy, ;kstuk vkSj dk;Z&fooj.k rS;kj dhft,A
3- xojb;k osQ LoHkko ls ;g izekf.kr gksrk gS fd dk;Z dh liQyrk osQ fy,
mRlkg vko';d gSA liQyrk osQ fy, mRlkg dh vko';drk D;ksa iM+rh
gS] roZQ lfgr fyf[k,A

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

1- Vksih igudj xojb;k jktk dks fn[kkus D;ksa igq¡ph tcfd mldh cgl
xojk ls gqbZ vkSj og xojk osQ eq¡g ls viuh cM+kbZ lqu pqdh FkhA ysfdu
jktk ls mldh dksbZ cgl gqbZ gh ugha FkhA fiQj Hkh og jktk dks pqukSrh
nsus dks igq¡phA dkj.k dk vuqeku yxkb,A
2- ;fn jktk osQ jkT; osQ lHkh dkjhxj vius&vius Je dk mfpr ewY; izkIr
dj jgs gksrs rc xojb;k osQ lkFk mu dkjhxjksa dk O;ogkj oSQlk gksrk\
3- pkjksa dkjhxj jktk osQ fy, dke dj jgs FksA ,d jtkbZ cuk jgk FkkA nwljk
vpdu osQ fy, lwr dkr jgk FkkA rhljk ckxk cqu jgk FkkA pkSFkk jktk
dh lkroha jkuh dh nloha larku osQ fy, >Ccs fly jgk FkkA mu pkjksa
us jktk dk dke jksddj xojb;k dk dke D;ksa fd;k\

Hkk"kk dh ckr
1- xk¡o dh cksyh esa dbZ 'kCnksa dk mPpkj.k vyx gksrk gSA mudh orZuh Hkh
cny tkrh gSA tSls xojb;k xkSjS;k dk xzkeh.k mPpkj.k gSA mPpkj.k osQ
vuqlkj bl 'kCn dh orZuh fy[kh xbZ gSA iq¡Qnuk] iqqQyxsank dk cnyk gqvk
:i gSA dgkuh esa vusd 'kCn gSa tks xzkeh.k mPpkj.k esa fy[ks x, gSa]
tSlsμeqyqd&eqYd] [kek&{kek] etwjh&etnwjh] eYykj&eYgkj bR;kfnA vki
126 olar Hkkx 3
{ks=kh; ;k xk¡o dh cksyh esa mi;ksx gksusokys dqN ,sls 'kCnksa dks [kksft,
vkSj mudk ewy :i fyf[k,] tSlsμVse&Vkbe] Vslu@fVlu&LVs'kuA
2- eqgkojksa osQ iz;ksx ls Hkk"kk vkd"kZd curh gSA eqgkojs okD; osQ vax gksdj
iz;qDr gksrs gSaA budk v{kj'k% vFkZ ugha cfYd yk{kf.kd vFkZ fy;k tkrk
gSA ikB esa vusd eqgkojs vk, gSAa Vksih dks ysdj rhu eqgkojs gS_a tSlμ
s fdruksa
dks Vksih igukuh iM+rh gSA 'ks"k eqgkojksa dks [kksft, vkSj mudk vFkZ Kkr
djus dk iz;kl dhft,A

'kCnkFkZ
fHkulkjμ izkr%dky] losjk ?kwjk μ owQM+s&djdV dk <sj
[kksarsμ ?kksalys fpgkdj μ pkSaddj] pfdr gksdj
>qViqVkμ lcsjs ;k 'kke dk le; tqxkM+ μ mik;
tc izdk'k bruk de
euqgkj μ eukuk
gks fd dksbZ ph”k
lkI+kQ fn[kkbZ u ns] og pke μ Ropk] peM+k
le; tc oqQN&oqQN iQksdV μ ewY;jfgr] eqÝr
v¡/sjk vkSj oqQN&oqQN mtjr μ etnwjh] esgur dk
mtkyk gks cnyk] ikfjJfed
yVthjk μ fppM+k] ,d ikS/k eYykj μ eYgkj] laxhr dk ,d
ljkik μ flj ls ik¡o rd iguk jkx
tkusokyk oL=k eqyqd μ eqYd] ns'k
ldr μ 'kfDr] lkeF;Z
yxq,&Hkxq, μ ihNs pyus
yiQM+k μ my>u] >a>V okys] esy&tksy osQ
iQdr μ osQoy O;fDr
viu μ viuk e'kxwy μ O;Lr
fiQdj μ ¯prk] fiQozQ lsar&esar μ og dke ftlosQ
er μ ugha dk dke fy, oqQN nsuk u
ekewy μ og ckr tks jkst dh iM+k gks] fcuk ykHk
tk,] ges'kk dh rjg
 Vksih 127

<jdh μ diM+k cqurs gq, i[kus μ ia[k

tqykgs ftlls ckus dk [kek μ {kek
lwr isQa drs gSa uk;kc μ cgqewY;] cs'kdherh
xiQ'k μ xÝl] ?kuk cquk gqvk
gqujean μ oqQ'ky] xq.kh dkjhxj
ncht μ eksVk] etcwr
ekfuan μ tSlk] vuq:i] ljh[kk
csxkj μ fcuk etnwjh dk dke
uiQklr μ lTtk] ltk&l¡ojk
ewth μ nq"V
tqjrh μ tqVuk] ,d=k gksuk]
iq¡Qnus μ lwr] mQu vkfn dk
iwQy ;k xqPNk izkIr gksuk
gqyl μ mYykl] [kq'kh ik[kh μ i{kh] fpfM+;k
bÙks&lkjs μ brus lkjs y'kdjh μ iyVu] lsuk
Vgyqvk μ ukSdj yokftek μ ;k=kk vkfn esa lkFk jgus
iqQysy μ [kq'kcwnkj rsy okyk lkeku
iq¡Qnusnkj μ xqPNsnkj uxhuk μ lqanj
iQnxqíh μ ,d NksVh fpfM+;k] xkSj;S k vdcdkuk μ HkkSapDdk gksuk] ?kcjkuk
128 olar Hkkx 3

'kCndks'k

bl 'kCndks'k ls vkidks bl iqLrd osQ ikBksa osQ dfBu 'kCnkas osQ vFkZ
le>us eas lgk;rk feysxhA uhps ckb± vksj dfBu 'kCn rFkk nkb± vksj mldk
vFkZ fn;k x;k gSA
dgha&dgha 'kCnksa osQ vusd i;kZ; Hkh fn, x, gSaA blls vki izlax
osQ vuqlkj vuqowQy 'kCn dk p;u djuk lh[k losaQxsA ;g 'kCndks'k
vkidks 'kCnksa osQ u osQoy lgh vFkZ tkuus esa enn djsxk vfirq 'kCnksa dh
lgh orZuh Hkh fl[kk,xkA
'kCn dk vFkZ nsus ls igys ewy 'kCn osQ ckn dks"Bd esa ,d laoQs rk{kj
fn;k x;k gSA O;kdj.k dh n`f"V ls dksbZ 'kCn laKk] loZuke] fo'ks"k.k] fØ;k
vkfn 'kCnksa esa ls fdl Hksn dk gS] ;g lwpuk vkidks bl laoQs rk{kj ls feysxhA
;gk¡ tks laoQs rk{kj vFkok laf{kIr :i iz;Dq r gq, gS]a os bl izdkj gSμ
a
v- & vO;; v-fØ- & vdeZd fØ;k
fØ- & fØ;k fØ-fo- & fØ;k fo'ks"k.k
iq- & iqafyax iQk- & iQkjlh
eq- & eqgkojk fo- & fo'ks"k.k
la- & laKk l-fØ- & ldeZd fØ;k
loZ- & loZuke L=kh- & L=khfyax
bl 'kCndks'k esa visf{kr 'kCn dk vFkZ <w¡<+uk 'kq: djus ls igys ;g
mfpr gksxk fd 'kCndks'k ns[kus dh lgh fof/ vki tku ysaA blosQ fy,
uhps fy[ks fcanqvksa dks è;ku esa j[kuk gksxkμ
1- ftl 'kCn osQ ckjs esa tkudkjh izkIr djuh gS] mlosQ izkjaHk dk
o.kZ ns[kk tkrk gSA mlosQ vk/kj ij gh 'kCn <w¡<+k tkrk gSA
2- 'kCndks'k esa 'kCnksa dks bl o.kZ&vuqØe esa fn;k tkrk gSμv] vk]
b] bZ] m] mQ] Í] ,] ,s] vks] vkS osQ i'pkr~ d ls g rd osQ
lgh o.kZ Øe osQ vuqlkjA
 'kCndks'k 129
3- {k] =k] K dks g osQ ckn ugha <w¡<+uk pkfg,A {k] o~Q vkSj "k dk
la;qDr :i gSA vr% d ls 'kq: gksus okys 'kCnksa osQ lekIr gksus
ij {k ls izkjaHk gksus okys 'kCn ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA
4- =k] r~ vkSj j dk la;qDr :i gSA vr% =k ls 'kq: gksus okys 'kCn
r ls 'kq: gksus okys 'kCnksa osQ ckn gh <w¡<+s tkus pkfg,A R; ls
lacaf/r 'kCn tc lekIr gks tkrs gSa rc =k ls vkjaHk gksusokys
'kCn ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA
5- K] t~ vkSj ×k dk la;qDr :i gSA vr% K ls 'kq: gksus okys
'kCnksa dks t ls 'kq: gksus okys 'kCnksa osQ ckn gh <w¡<+uk pkfg,A
t ls la;qDr gksdj cuus okyk igyk o.kZ K gh gSA vr% tkSgjh
osQ ckn gh K ls cuus okys 'kCn ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA K osQ ckn
T; ls cuus okys 'kCn vkrs gSaA

'kCnkFkZ
vaR;sf"V μ L=kh-(la-) e`rd deZ] nkg deZ
vdcdkuk μ fo- HkkSapDdk gksuk] ?kcjkuk
vthcks&xjhc μ fo- vuks[kk
viu μ loZ- viuk
vlhe μ fo- ftldh dksbZ lhek u gks] vikj
vgfe;r μ fo-(v-) egRo
vk¡duk μ fozQ- vuqeku yxkuk
vkik μ iq-(la-) vga
vkye μ iq-(v-) nqfu;k] ekgkSy
vkyh'kku μ (fo-) 'kkunkj
vkoktkgh μ (L=kh-) vkuk&tkuk
vkfg μ v-fozQ- gS
bÙks&lkjs μ fo- brus lkjs
bZ”kkn μ fozQ- [kkst] vUos"k.k
130 olar Hkkx 3
mtjr μ fo-(v-) etnwjh] esgur dk cnyk] ikfjJfed
mtkxj μ fo- izdV djuk
mikug μ iq- twrk
,l,e,l μ v- y?kq lans'k lsok
dj μ iq-(la-) gkFk
dlj μ L=kh-(v-) ?kkVk iwjk djuk] deh
dk<+r μ v-fozQ- cky cukuk
fdjnkj μ iq- vfHkusrk dh Hkwfedk] pfj=k
oqQed μ L=kh-(iQk-) iQkSth VqdM+h
dksVZ ek'kZy μ iq- iQkSth vnkyr esa ltk lqukus dh rjg
[kir μ L=kh- eky dh fcozQh
[kek μ L=kh- {kek
[k;ky μ iq-(iQk-) fopkj
f[krkc μ iq-(v-) mikf/] lEeku
[kqjkiQkrh μ fo- 'kjkjrh
[kksars μ iq- ?kksalys
xarO; μ fo-(la-) LFkku tgk¡ fdlh dks tkuk gks
xiQ'k μ fo- xÝl] ?kuk cquk gqvk
xkr μ iq- 'kjhj
xkjh μ L=kh- xkyh] vi'kCn
xqMfoy μ v- lquke] vPNh Nfo
xqgr μ l-fozQ- xw¡Fkuk
xksrk μ iq-(v-) ikuh esa Mwcuk
xksjl μ iq- nwèk] ngh eD[ku] ?kh vkfn
?keklku μ iq- ?kksj] Hk;kud
f?klhfiVh μ fo- tks cgqr fnuksa ls pyk vk jgk gks] iqjkuh
?kwjk μ iq- owQM+s&djdV dk <sj
 'kCndks'k 131
pfdlkas μ fo- pfdr] fofLer
pke μ iq- Ropk] peM+k
pko μ iq- pkg] rhoz bPNk
pkjikbZ μ L=kh- [kkV] NksVk iyax
fpgkdj μ l-fozQ- pkSaddj] pfdr gksdj
tk;tk μ iq-(v-) tk¡p&ij[k
tqxkM+ μ iq- mik;
tqjr (tqjvr) μ L=kh- cgknqjh] lkgl
tqjrh μ v-fozQ- tqVuk] ,d=k gksuk] izkIr gksuk
tks, μ iq- <w¡<+uk] ns[kuk] [kkstuk
tksVh μ L=kh- tksM+h
>¡xk μ iq- <hyk oqQjrk
>qViqVk μ iq- lcsjs ;k 'kke dk le; tc izdk'k bruk
de gks fd dksbZ ph”k lkI+kQ fn[kkbZ u ns] og
le; tc oqQN&oqQN v¡/sjk vkSj oqQN&oqQN
mtkyk gks
Vgyqvk μ iq- ukSdj
Mfy;k μ L=kh- ck¡l dk cuk ,d NksVk ik=k
MkeyiQk¡lh μ iq- vkthou dkjkokl dk naM] ns'k fudkyk
fMLd iQkWeZ μ fjdkWfM±x dk ,d :i
<jdh μ L=kh- diM+k cqurs gq, tqykgs ftlls ckus dk
lwr isaQdrs gSa] Hkjuh
<¡<ksfj μ l-fozQ- <w¡<+uk
<k¡.kh μ (ukjh tkfr laKk) vLFkkbZ fuokl] dPps edkuksa
dh cLrh tks xk¡o ls oqQN nwj cuh gks
<k¡<+l μ iq- fnyklk] /hjt
<ksVk μ iq- yM+dk
132 olar Hkkx 3
ranzkyl μ L=kh-(la-)] fo-(la-) uhan ls vylk;k gqvk
ru[okg μ L=kh-(iQk-) osru] ixkj
rjdkjh μ L=kh- lCth
rg μ L=kh-(iQk-) xgjkbZ
rkmez μ iz-(la-)L=kh-(v-) mez Hkj
nM+cs μ iq- eqfxZ;ksa osQ jgus dh txg
ncht μ fo- (iQk-)eksVk] etcwr
ncSy μ fo- nCcw
nLrkos”k μ L=kh-(iQk-) izek.k lacaèkh dkxtkr] izek.k i=k
ngq¡ μ iq- nl
nkyku μ iq- cjkenk
nqiVh μ L=kh- vaxksNk] xeNk
nqgsyh μ L=kh- nq[k] nq[k esa iM+k gqvk] d"V lkè;
fnfl μ L=kh- fn'kk
f}t μ iq-(la-) czkã.k
/eZHkh# μ iq-(fo-) ftls /eZ NwVus dk Hk; gks] v/eZ
ls Mjus okyk
/haxk&eq'rh μ fo-(L=kh-) /Ddk&eqDdh] yM+uk&fHkM+uk] 'kjkjr
/qvk¡/kj μ iq-(fo-) rkcM+rksM+
uxhuk μ la-(iq-) lqanj
uiQklr μ L=kh- lTtk] ltk&l¡ojk
U;ksrk μ iq- fuea=k.k
uktqd μ fo-(iQk-) dksey
uk;kc μ fo- cgqewY;] cs'kdherh
fufnzr μ fo-(la-) lks;k gqvk
fufeÙk μ iq-(la-) dkj.k
i[kus μ iq- ia[k
 'kCndks'k 133
ixM+h μ L=kh- flj ij yisVh tkus okyh diM+s dh yach
i^h
ixk μ iq- ixM+h
ifp&ifp μ iq- ckj&ckj
iVdFkk μ iq- fiQYe osQ fy, fy[kh tkus okyh dgkuh
iBofu μ l-fozQ- Hkstuk] fonkbZ
iugh μ L=kh- twrk
ijkr μ L=kh- Fkkyh dh 'kDy dk ihry vkfn dk ,d
cM+k vkSj xgjk cjru
inkZI+kQk'k μ iq- Hksn [kksyuk] nks"k izdV djuk
ik¡[k μ iq- ia[k] ij
ik[kh μ iq- i{kh] fpfM+;k
ikfNyh μ fo- fiNyk
ikr μ iq- iÙkk
ik'oZxk;d μ fo-(la-)] iq-(la-) insZ osQ ihNs ls xkus okyk
iSr`d μ fo-(la-) iwoZtksa dk] firk ls izkIr
izR;w"k μ iq-(la-) izkr%dky] Hkksj
iz;k.k μ iq-(la-) izLFkku] ejuk
iz'kfLr i=k μ L=kh-(la-)] iq- iz'kalk i=k
iQdr μ fo-(v-) osQoy
iQnxqíh μ L=kh- ,d NksVh fpfM+;k] xkSjS;k
iQcuk μ v-fozQ- ltuk] 'kksHkk nsuk
iQCrh μ L=kh- pksV djus okyh ;k pqHkrh ckr
iQjeku μ iq-(iQk-) jktkKk
fiQdj μ L=kh- ¯prk] fiQozQ
iq¡Qnus μ iq- lwr] mQu vkfn dk iwQy ;k xqPNk
iq¡Qnusnkj μ iq- xqPNsnkj
134 olar Hkkx 3
iqQysy μ iq- [kq'kcwnkj rsy
iSaQVslh μ fo- dkYifud
iQksdV μ fo- ewY;jfgr] eqÝr
cVkfy;u μ L=kh-(la-) iyVu
cy μ iq-(la-) cyjke
ck¡puk μ l-fozQ- i<+uk] lLoj i<+uk
fc;kcku μ iq- taxy] mtkM+[kaM
fcyksfdcs μ l-fozQ- ns[kuk] voyksdu djuk
fcokbu μ L=kh- ik¡o dh peM+h dk iQVuk
csxkj μ L=kh-(iQk-) fcuk etnwjh dk dke
csuh μ L=kh-(la-) pksVh
cSjh μ iq- nq'eu
Hkxksu&s Mksxa s μ iq- Hkkstu idkus osQ crZu
fHkulkj μ iq- izkr%dky] losjk
HkqbZ μ L=kh-(la-) i`Foh] Hkwfe
efp;k μ L=kh- lqryh
er μ iq- ugha
euqgkj μ iq- eukuk
ejge&i^h μ iq-(v-)L=kh- t[e dk bykt] ?kko ij nok
yxkdj i^h ck¡/uk
eYykj μ iq-(v-) eYgkj] laxhr dk ,d jkx
e'kxwy μ fo-(v-) O;Lr
egkor μ iq- gkFkhoku
ekre μ iq-(v-) 'kksd eukuk
ekfuan μ fo-(iQk-) tSlk] vuq:i] ljh[kk
ekewy μ fo-(v-) og ckr tks jkst dh tk,] ges'kk
dh rjg
 'kCndks'k 135
eq¡xjh μ la- xksy] eqfB;knkj ydM+h tks Bksdus&ihVus
osQ dke vkrh gS
eq¡Msj μ iq-(la-) Nr osQ vkl&ikl cukbZ tkus okyh
nhokj
eq[kkfrc μ fo-(v-) ns[kdj ckr djuk
eqyqd μ iq- eqYd] ns'k
eqLrSn μ fo- rRij] rS;kj jguk
ewth μ fo-(la-) nq"V
E;ku μ iq-(iQk-) ryokj j[kus dk dks"k
eksjh μ L=kh- ukyh] xans ikuh dh ukyh
;dhu μ iq-(v-) fo'okl
yxq,&Hkxq, μ fo- ihNs pyus okys] esy&tksy osQ O;fDr
yVthjk μ iq- fppM+k] ,d ikS/k
yVh μ L=kh- yVdh gqb]Z yVduk
yFkiFk μ fo- luk gqvk] rj
yiQM+k μ iq- my>u] >a>V
yokftek μ iq-(v-) ;k=kk vkfn esa lkFk jgus okyk lkeku
y'kdjh μ iq-(iQk-) iyVu] lsuk
yLVe&i'Ve μ v- vaV&'kaV] vO;ofLFkr :i
yksVh μ fØ- yksVus yxsxh
o.kZukrhr μ fo- ftldk o.kZu u fd;k tk losQ
olqèkk μ L=kh- i`Foh
okdbZ μ fØ-fo- fcyoqQy] lpeqp
fofue; μ iq-(la-) vny&cny] oLrqvksa dh vny&cny
fo;ksx μ iq-(la-) vHkko
f'k[kj & iq- igkM+ dh pksVh
laokn μ iq-(la-) fiQYe esa dh tkus okyh ckrphr
ldr μ L=kh- 'kfDr] lkeF;Z
136 olar Hkkx 3
ljkik μ v-(iQk-) flj ls ik¡o rd iguk tkus okyk
oL=k
lyk[k μ L=kh- lykbZ] /krq dh NM+
loko~Q fiQYe μ iq-(la-) ewd fiQYe osQ ckn cuh cksyrh fiQYe
lk¡lr μ dfBukbZ esa iM+uk] cgqr cM+k d"V
lkaxksikax μ fo-(la-) iwjh rjg] mQij ls uhps rd
flVfiVkuk μ v-fozQ- Hk; ;k ?kcM+kgV ls lge tkuk
flyflyk μ fo- laca/] dM+h
flok μ v-(v-) flok;] vykok] vfrfjDr
lhaosQ μ iq- Nhadk ftlesa nwèk&ngh vkfn j[kk tkrk gS
lqfeju μ fØ- bZ'oj osQ uke dk ti (HkfDr dk ,d
izdkj)] Lej.k
lqgkor μ fo- lqanj@Hkyk yxuk
lwjt μ iq- lwjnkl
lsar&esar dk dke μ L=kh-(v-) og dke ftlosQ fy, oqQN nsuk u
iM+k gks] fcuk ykHk dk dke
lkSjHk μ iq- lqxaèk] lqckl
LoPNan μ iq- viuh bPNk osQ vuqlkj pyus okyk
gVfd μ L=kh- eukgh
gjdkjk μ iq- nwr] Mkfd;k] lans'k igq¡pkus okyk
gfj&gyèkj μ iq-(la-) o`Q".k&cyjke
gLrh μ fo-(la-) vfLrRo
gokyk μ iq-(la-) mYys[k djuk] m¼j.k
gqyl μ v-fozQ- mYykl
gqujean μ iq-(iQk-) fo-oqQ'ky] xq.kh dkjhxj
gSfl;r μ L=kh-(la-) njtk
gkSys ls μ v- /hjs ls