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arfallah@hotmail.com

n-baakhlagh@wagonpars.com

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) .(vT v1
. .
:
1) T = R + m.a

T R m a m .
:
2) m = M.1000+NA.Iw/rw2

M NA Ton Iw
rw .

) (1 :
3) T dv = R dv + m.a dv

R . a . T
R a .
R a
3 . m . T dv
T dv . 0 v1
a1 v1 v2 a2 .
.
vT :
(1

vT < v1

:
))4) T = (R+m.a1).v1 / (vT(1+Ln(v1)-Ln(vT
for 0 < v < vT
5) T = (R+m.a2).(v2-v1) / (vT(Ln(v2)-Ln(vT))) for v1 < v < v2

Ln .

(2

vT > v1

:
)6) T = (R+m.a1
for 0 < v < vT
7) T = (R+m.a2).(v2-v1) / ((vT-v1)+vT(log(v2)-log(vT))) for v1 < v < v2
R .
4 7
. vT .
.
. AC
5

. ) .(1
DC .
500

300
200
100
0
100

80

60

40

20

-100
-200
-300
-400

)Braking Effort (kN) Tractive Effort (kN

400

-500
)Speed (km/h

:1
.
4 7
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. 8.9
. 3.56
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) (Incremental
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2 . 2 .

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 :1
Stations

Position
(km)

Average
Speed
(km/h)

Stopping
Time at
Station (s)

Travel
Time
(min:s)

A3-6
A3-5
A3-4
A3-3
A3-2
A3-1
A3
B3
B3-1
C3
D3
E3
F3
G3
H3
I3
J3
K3
L3
M3
N3
O3
P3
Q3
R3
S3
T3
U3
V3
W3
X3
Y3

0
1.31
3.67
3.89
5.19
7.09
8.85
10.03
11.37
13.513
13.439
14.332
15.017
15.755
16.569
17.355
17.89
18.492
19.662
20.613
21.578
23.375
23.431
24.809
25.996
27.308
28.31
29.63
30.912
32.054
33.504
34.415

0
60.9
63.9
61.1
62.2
67.6
66.6
60.1
61.1
61.5
55.7
37.0
48.2
49.6
34.8
48.2
45.5
26.4
60.5
56.3
40.1
52.2
58.9
63.7
64.1
64.4
59.7
62.3
62.2
56.2
63.8
53.1

0
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
0

0
01:20
01:31
01:20
01:23
01:50
01:44
01:18
01:21
01:21
01:07
01:05
00:56
00:58
01:02
00:56
00:53
00:52
01:18
01:08
01:08
01:01
01:12
01:27
01:15
01:16
01:14
01:24
01:22
01:16
01:31
1:08:00

Cumulative
Travel
Time
(min:s)
0
01:45
03:41
05:26
07:14
09:29
11:38
13:21
15:07
16:53
18:25
19:55
21:16
22:39
24:06
25:27
26:45
28:02
29:45
31:18
32:51
34:17
35:54
37:46
39:26
41:07
42:46
44:35
46:22
48:03
49:59
51:07

55.6

12:30

43:37

55:07

Total

MATLAB :1
clear T1 a R
close all
A=9; % Frontal Area of the Wagon (m^2)
MC=6; % Number of Motored Cars
WMC=32.5; % Empty Weight of Motored Cars (ton)

TC=2; % Number of Trailer Cars

WTC=31.5; % Empty Weight of Trailer Cars (ton)
Mp=180*70; % Average Weight of Passengers in Cars for 70 kg/person (kg)
Iw=150; % Mass Moment of Inertia of Wheelset and Rotating equipment coupled to the Wheelset (km.m^2)
rw=0.43; % Diameter of the Wheelset (m)
v1=33; % First Range Speed Limit of the Tender (km/h)
v2=80; % Maximum Speed (km/h)
ar=[1 0.58]; % Acceleration at different speed ranges (m/s^2)
vT=35; % Transition Speed of Tractive Effort Curve where the tractive effort changes
% from a constant situation to a logarithmic one (km/h)
M=MC*(WMC+Mp/1000)+TC*(WTC+Mp/1000); % Total Weight of the Metro Car (ton)
N=(MC+TC); % Toatal Number of Cars in a Metro Car
NA=(MC+TC)*4; % Total Number of Axles in the Metro Car
dv=1; % Delta Speed
v=[0:1:v1,v1+1:dv:v2]; % Speed (km/h)
% Train Resistance Formula (N)
R = 6.4*M+130*NA+0.14*M*v+[0.046+0.0065*(N-1)]*A*v.^2;
R1=0; % Average of train resistance in first speed range
R2=0; % Average of train resistance in second speed range
R1=R1/i;
for i=1:length(v)-min(n)
R2=R2+R(i);
end
R2=R2/i;
if vT< v1
% Required Tractive Effort calculated based on the first speed range acceleration requirements
T11=(R1+(M*1000+NA*Iw*rw^2)*ar(1));
% Required Tractive Effort calculated based on the second speed range acceleration requirements
T12=(R2+(M*1000+NA*Iw/rw^2)*ar(2))*(v2-v1)/((vT-v1)+vT*(log(v2)-log(vT)));
else
% Required Tractive Effort calculated based on the first speed range acceleration requirements
T11=(R1+(M*1000+NA*Iw*rw^2)*ar(1))*v1/(vT*(1+log(v1)-log(vT)));
% Required Tractive Effort calculated based on the second speed range acceleration requirements
T12=(R2+(M*1000+NA*Iw*rw^2)*ar(2))*(v2-v1)/(vT*(log(v2)-log(vT)));
end
for i=1:vT/dv
T1(i)=T11;
end
for i=vT+1:v2/dv
T1(i)=T11*vT/(i);
end
T1=[T1(1),T1];
a=(T1-R)./(M*1000+NA*Iw/rw^2);
max(T1)
T1=[T1,0];

MATLAB :2
close all;
clear a v x t tDist ttime STime TTime TTTime TPos Vavg R Output
A=9; % Frontal Area of the Wagon (m^2)
MC=6; % Number of Motored Cars
WMC=31.5; % Empty Weight of Motored Cars (ton)
TC=2; % Number of Trailer Cars

WTC=32.5; % Empty Weight of Trailer Cars (ton)

Mp=185*70; % Average Weight of Passengers in Cars for 70 kg/person (kg)
Iw=150; % Mass Moment of Inertia of Wheelset and Rotating equipment coupled to the Wheelset (km.m^2)
rw=0.43; % Diameter of the Wheelset (m)
vmax=80; % Maximum Speed (km/h)
ar=-1; % Braking acceleration (m/s^2)
tstop=25; % Braking Time
tstops=25; % Stopping Time at Station
NS=97; % Number of Stations
SL=0; % Station Length
Dist=data(:,5);
stations=[1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,30,33,36,39,42,45,48,51,54,57,60,63,66,69,72,78,81,84,87,90,93,96,99];
dt=1; % Time increment
x=0;
M=MC*(WMC+Mp/1000)+TC*(WTC+Mp/1000); % Total Weight of the Metro Car (ton)
N=(MC+TC); % Toatal Number of Cars in a Metro Car
NA=(MC+TC)*4; % Total Number of Axles in the Metro Car
RG=data(:,3)*8.9*M; % RG is gradient resistance (N)
RC=1746*3.56*M./data(:,4); % RC is curve resistance (N)
i=1;
iter=1;
while iter < NS+1
inc=0;
dist=Dist(iter)+SL;
if iter~=NS
while isempty(find(stations==iter+inc+1))
dist=dist+Dist(iter+inc+1);
inc=inc+1;
end
end
j=2;
xstop=0;
v(i,1)=0;
v(i,2)=0;
t(i,1)=0;
t(i,2)=0;
a(i,1)=0;
a(i,2)=0;
tDist(i,1)=0;
tDist(i,2)=0;
while tDist(i,j-1) < (dist-xstop)
if i==9247
i
end
a(i,j)=(T(i,j)-(R+RG(i)+RC(i)))./(M*1000+NA*Iw/rw^2);
v(i,j)=v(i,j-1)+a(i,j)*dt;
if v(i,j) > (vmax/3.6)
a(i,j)=0;
v(i,j)=80/3.6;
T(i,j)=0;
end
t(i,j)=t(i,j-1)+dt;
x(i,j)=0.5*a(i,j)*dt^2+v(i,j-1)*dt;
if a(i,j)==0
x(i,j)=v(i,j)*dt;
end
tDist(i,j)=tDist(i,j-1)+x(i,j);
xstop=ar*tstop^2/2+(v(i,j))*tstop;

j=j+1;
end
bstop(i)=floor(-v(i,j-1)/ar);
for k=1:bstop/dt
v(i,j+k-1)=v(i,j+k-2)+ar*dt;
x(i,j+k-1)=0.5*ar*dt^2+v(i,j+k-1)*dt;
tDist(i,j+k-1)=tDist(i,j+k-2)+x(i,j+k-1);
t(i,j+k-1)=t(i,j-1)+k;
end
x(i,j+k-1)=dist-tDist(i,j+k-2);
v(i,j+k-1)=0;
ddt=-v(i,j+k-2)/ar;
t(i,j+k-1)=t(i,j+k-2)+ceil(ddt);
tDist(i,j+k-1)=tDist(i,j+k-2)+x(i,j+k-1);
vavg(i)=sum(v(i,1:j-1))/(j+k-1);
i=i+1;
iter=iter+inc+1;
end

1. Davis, W. J. The tractive resistance of electric locomotives and cars. Gen. Electr. Rev., 29,
1926.
2. Radosavljevic, A., Milutinovic, D., and Lucanin, V. Methodology of testing adhesive
properties of sandblasting materials. FME Trans., 1999, 1, 912.
3. Schaefer, H.-H. Vergleich der Zugwiderstandsformelneuropaischer und auereuropaischer
Eisenbahnen,Elektrische Bahnen eb 86, Heft 2, 1988, pp. 5563.
4. Radosavljevic, A. Mathematical modelling, simulation, determination of the basic train
running resistance and optimisation of driving energy consumption of railway traction
vehicles (In Serbian). Doctoral Thesis, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Belgrade, 2001, p. 154.
5. Radosavljevic A., Milutinovic D., Lucanin V., Simulation of train motion and dissipation of
transmission characteristics on diesel-electric locomotives (in Serbian), 6th International
scientific and professional conference POWER SOURCE AND TRANSFER-IPS '01,
Podgorica-Becici, September 26-28, 2001.
6. Radosavljevic A., Milutinovic D, Becejac Lj., Simulation of electric locomotives running for
the driving energy savings purposes, 4th International Conference "Drives and Supply
Systems for Modern Electric Traction in Integrated XXIst Century Europe", Warsaw, Poland,
September 23-25, 1999.