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QUOTIENT IDENTITIES
sin
tan
cos
x
x
x
=
cos
cot
sin
x
x
x
=
2 2
tan 1 sec x x + =
2 2
1 cot csc x x + =
PYTHAGOREAN IDENTITIES
2 2
sin cos 1 x x + =
RECIPROCAL IDENTITIES
1
csc
sin
x
x
=
1
sec
cos
x
x
=
1
cot
tan
x
x
=
1
sin
csc
x
x
=
1
cos
sec
x
x
=
1
tan
cot
x
x
=
( )
sin sin cos cos sin u v u v u v + = +
( )
cos cos cos sin sin u v u v u v + =
( )
sin sin cos cos sin u v u v u v =
( )
cos cos cos sin sin u v u v u v = +
( )
tan tan
tan
1 tan tan
u v
u v
u v
=
+
( )
tan tan
tan
1 tan tan
u v
u v
u v
+
+ =
( )
sin( )
tan
cos( )
u v
u v
u v
Simplify:
Factor
Substitute
Substitute
Multiply
x x x
2
cos csc csc
( ) x x
2
cos 1 csc
( ) x x
2
sin csc
( ) x
x
2
sin
sin
1
x sin
Treat the whole trig function like a variable:
Factor:
Substitute
Simplify
Factor
3 tan sec
2
x x
( ) 3 tan 1 tan
2
+ x x
2 tan tan
2
x x
( )( ) 1 tan 2 tan + x x
Sometimes its easier to write everything in terms of sine
and cosine:
Simplify:
Write as sin/cos
Mulitply
Add
Simplify
u u u sin tan cos +
u
u
u
u sin
cos
sin
cos +
u
u
u
cos
sin
cos
2
+
u
u u
cos
sin cos
2 2
+
u cos
1
u sec =
u
u
u
2
2
2
cos
csc
1 csc
=
( )
u
u
u
2
2
2
cos
csc
1 1 cot
=
+
u
u
u
2
2
2
cos
csc
cot
=
u u u
2 2 2
cos sin cot =
u u
u
u
2 2
2
2
cos sin
sin
cos
=
u u
2 2
cos cos =
Isolate the trig function
Use inverse function
0 1 cos 2 = x
1 cos 2 = x
2
1
cos = x
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
1
cos
1
x
3
t
= x
( ) = 30 45 cos 15 cos
30 sin 45 sin 30 cos 45 cos + =
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
2
+ =
4
2
4
6
+ =
4
2 6 +
=