Delft University of Technology Faculty of Aerospace Engineering Subject: Propulsion, Noise, and Gas Emissions of Airplanes, AE4-214 Date: Friday, 7 July 2006 Time: 14.00 - 17.00 Note: Open book exam. Complete the box in the upper right-hand comer of your exam. Put your name and all your initials on each page of your exam and answer all questions, using the Dutch or English language, or both. This exam comprises the questions: 1a -1b, 2, 3a-3b, 4,5, 6. Reference to literature as a way of answering questions is not allowed!! ‘The way a numerical answer is obtained should be clearly indicated by a visible substitution of numbers in the formula(e)in question; mentioning of the final answer only will not be rewarded. Marks will be lost for poor presentation. Use of a pencil to write the exam is not permitted. Scrap paper may not be added to your exam. Question 1 a. Show on the basis of definitions, the direct connection between specific fuel consumption and. total efficiency of propulsion of a jet-driven aircraft b. Explain briefly the significance of specific fuel consumption or total efficiency of a jet-driven aircraft with regard to its efficiency of air transportation. Question 2. By executing a simple harmonic motion, a plane boundary generates a sound of given frequency and amplitude. How does a rise in air temperature affect the loudness of the sound ? (Assume that atmospheric pressure doesn’t change.) Question 3. a. Two omnidirectional sound sources are 5 meters apart. A person stands 8 meters from one source, How far must this person be from the second source in order to detect complete destructive interference when the sources emit an 1000-Hz sound? ‘Assume free-field conditions. The air temperature is 20°C. b. Determine the minimum distance between the two sound sources in order that there is no point where complete destructive interference can occur.Question 4, Considered is a sound source, emitting a 1000-Hz tone into air of 20°C. The source moves at a speed of 5.0 m/s toward a stationary object. ‘The emitted sound waves from the moving source and the waves reflected from the stationary object interfere with each other and beats are heard by an observer standing (at rest) between the sound source and the object. Discuss the phenomenon Heats and determine the occurring beat frequency. Illustrate your answer with an accurate sketch of the variation of the observed sound pressure with time. Question 5. Around Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (AAS), currently, the quantities Ly (equivalent A-weighted noise level) and Lyx (sound exposure level) are used in the prevailing noise descriptor Ly, for the assessment of the degree of sleep disturbance during the night (23.00 to 07.00 hours). Describe the quantities Ljagr, Laz, and Laie, and determine the percentage by which the admissible mumber of airplane movements during the night hours can be increased if all the ground observed sound exposure levels are reduced by 2 dBA. To simplify the matter, we may assume that each aircraft produces the same Ly. ~ value at the observation point. Question 6. ‘The Earth is surrounded by an atmosphere which is made up mainly of oxygen and nitrogen but also includes traces of gas such as water vapor and carbon dioxide. The consequence of the presence of these trace gases is that the average temperature of the Earth’s surface at which equilibrium exists, is higher than in the absence of these gases. Because their “warming effect” may be compared to the effect of the glass on the temperature inside a greenhouse, the gases are called “greenhouse gases” and the phenomenon is known as the greenhouse effect. Showy, on the basis of the Stefan-Boltzmann law (I= oT) that indeed the effect of the presence of the glass roof is that the equilibrium temperature inside the greenhouse is much higher than the air temperature outside the greenhouse.