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Course Content:
1. General Introduction: The Development of the Communications Network (from fires on mountaintops to Pulse Code Modulation) 2. Introduction to PDH: Time Division Multiplexing TDM Space and Time Division Switching PDH Protocols: T1 USA; E1 Euro/Global * Framing * Error Detection and Reporting * Network Management * Multiplex Levels * Synchronization 3. Introduction to SDH: Optical Ingredients Synchronization and Timing Optical Protocol Framing: STS-1 Frame; STM- Frame 4. Multiplexing: High-Order (HO) Multiplexing Low-Order (LO) Multiplexing KLM Numbering Scheme Multiplexing PDH into SDH Contiguous Concatenation 5. Overheads: RSOH and MSOH * Framing and frame defects * Section Trace and Trace Mismatch * Scrambling * Parity Checks and Remote Error Indication * Order wires * DCCs Management Communication Channels * Synchronization Status * Pointers and Floating HO Payloads * Basic Protection Switching High-Order & Low-: HO-POH & LO-POH * Path Trace and Trace Mismatch * Parity Check and Remote Error Indication * Basic Signal Labels * Path Trace Status * Protection Switching * Pointers, Multiframing and Floating LO Payloads
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6. Defects, Alarms and Performance Monitoring 7. Practical Examples and Review 8. Summary 9. Glossary