Table of Contents

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53.

History of Concrete Excavation and Earthfil Angle of Repose Concrete Proportioning Concrete Mixture Approximate Time Limit before the Removal of Forms and Supports Amount of water per bag of cement Approximate quantity of surface water carried by average aggregates Fullers Formula Masonry/ CHB Plaster, CHB Finish per Sq. M. Mortar Volume of cement per CHB Materials required for 1000 square ft. of varying thickness of mortar Quantity of mortar per 1000 bricks Requirements for mortar Concrete Pipe Joint Collars Factor per adobe stone Mortar 1 cm. Thick for adobe stone concrete factor Concrete footing for CHB Adobe stone for zocalo wall and foundation Adobe Plaster Red ceramic blocks Miscellaneous Bricks and Stone Adobe Buttress Decorative blocks mortar Lumbering (board measure/ Bd. Ft.) Floor Joists T & G Flooring External Sidings Studs Bd. FT. of Studs Per Square Meter Ceiling Joist/ Ceiling Board Trusses and Rafters Quantity of nails per 1000 board Ft. Size of Posts Roofings Purlins for Standard Corrugated G.I. Roofs Corrugated Roofing Sheets Estimating Procedures Roofing Hardwares Plain G.I. Straps per sheet Roofing Nails and Hardwares Kinds of Asbestos Roofing 4-V Corrugated Sheets Placa Romana Tencor Corrugated sheets Ardex Corrgated sheets Ceramic roofing tiles Tile work Precast Terrazo and Granulithic tiles Vinyl and rubber tiles Moldings Bathroom tiles and accessories

54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95.

Reinforcement Weights and Hook allowance of rod Philippine Standard No. of Pcs. Of Lateral tie in one 6.0M bar Lateral tie and tie wire computation by direct counting method Length of spiral reinforcement Concrete slab reinforcement CHB reinforcement CHB rebar Horizontal bar spacing Electrical estimates Painting works Spreading rate of paint Kinds of paint Paint coverage Labor estimate Construction work capacities in manhours Capabilities of manual labor per hour Capabilities of equipment Longitudinal section of septic vault Inside dimensions of the digestion chamber Important features of septic vaults Average pol consumption for various construction equipment Rough estimates General checklist Checklist of items to be considered Site excavation and siteworks Sample computations Excavation and backfil Lumbering, roofing, tilework Reinforcing bars CHB reinforcement Drawings Symbols Switches Common nails and spikes Mensuration formulas Materials symbols plans and sections Feet head of water to PSI Water pressure to feet head Simplified table for conversion Conversion from Inches to meter List of abbreviations

History of Concrete Concrete, as we know it today, had its beginning in 1824, when Joseph Aspdin took out a patent in England on Portland cement. Concrete became widely used in Europe during the late 1800s and was brought to the United States late in that century and in all over the world. Its used continued to spread rapidly as knowledge about it and experience with it grew.

Concrete Concrete = is a stone like material obtained by permitting a carefully proportioned mixture of cement, gravel and sand or other inert materials, and water to harden in forms of the shape and dimensions of the desired structures. Estimating = is a project study of determining the quality, quantity and cost of every material used in a mass, or in every finished work.

Excavation & Earth Fill Excavation = a hallow cavity formed by cutting or digging out earth, an open earth cutting. Excavator = one who or that which excavates a digging machine. Please refer to Table 1-1 for Angle of Repose Slope and Weight of Earth. EARTH FILL: Compact Volume = 1.25 V Where: V = Loose Volume One truck load = 4 to 6 cu. meter

Angle or Repose Table 1-1 Type of Materials Sand Dry Sand Moist Sand Wet Ord. Earth, Dry Ord. Earth, Moist Ord. Earth, Wet Gravel Gravel, Sand & Clay Approximate Slope: A/B 1/ 2.8 to 1/ 1.4 1/ 1.75 to 1/ 1.0 1/ 1.8 to 1/ 1.2 1/ 2.8 to 1/ 1.0 1/ 2.1 to 1/ 1.0 1/ 2.1 to 1/1.75 1/ 1.75 to 1/ 0.90 1/ 1.80 to 1/ 1.30 Angle of Repose Wt./ Cu. Ft. Lbs.

20 to 35 30 to 45 20 to 40 20 to 45 25 to 45 25 to 30 30 to 48 20 to 30

90 to 110 100 to 110 110 to 120 80 to 100 80 to 100 100 to 120 100 to 135 100 to 115

Concrete Proportioning Table 1-2 QUANTITY FOR 1 CU.M. CONCRETE

USING 94 LBS PORTLAND CEMENT

Class AA A B C D

Proportion 1:2:3 1:2:4 1: 2.5 : 5 1:3:6 1: 3.5 : 7

Cement 10.50 7.84 6.48 5.48 5.00 0.42 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.45

Sand .84 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.90

Gravel

USING 88 LBS PORTLAND CEMENT A B C D NOTE: Class A = Shall be used for beams, slabs, columns, and for all members which are subjected to bending stress. Class B = Shall be used for all members not reinforced for bending stress. Class C = Used for footing not under water. Concrete Mixture Table 1-3 1:2:4 1 : 2.5 : 1:3:6 1: 3.5 : 7 8.20 6.80 5.80 5.32 0.44 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.88 0.88 0.89 0.90

Type of Construction Side Walk 4 thick Floor Slab 4 thick Wall Footing Post Machinery Foundation Reinforced Concrete Foundations Top Dressing on Wearing Surp. Water Roofing NOTE: Keep all concrete wet 7-days and protect from sun.

Proportion 1:2:4 1:2:4 1 : 2.5 : 5 1 : 2.5 : 5 1 : 2.5 : 5 1:3:6 1:2:4 1 : 2.5 : 5 1:2: 1:2

Approximate Time Limit Before the Removal of Forms and Supports: Table 1-4 Arch Centers Centering Under Beams Floor Slabs Walls Columns, Slides of Beams and Griders 14-21 Days 14 Days 3-10 Days 7-14 Days 3-10 Days

Amount of Water Per Bag of Cement Table 1-5

Mix

Type of Const.

Gallon of Water/ Bag Mix

Dry Mix 1:3:5 1:2:3 1:2:2 Figs. Reinf. Wall Side Walk, Step Fence Post 7.5 5.5 4.5

Moist Mix 6.0 4.5 3.75

Wet Mix 5.0 3.75 3.5

Aggr. 2 1

WATER CEMENT RATIO

Us Gal./ 94 Lbs Bag Cem. 7.5 6.75 6.0 5.0

Assumed Comp. Stress at 28 Days 2000 PSI 2500 PSI 3000 PSI 3750 PSI Approximate Quantity of Surface Water Carried by Average Aggregates

Table 1-6 Aggregate Classification Very Wet Sand Moderately Wet Sand Moist Sand Moist Gravel, Crushed Rocks Gal. Cu. Ft. 3/ 4 to 1/ 0 1/ 2 1/ 4 1/ 4 FULLERS FORMULA Let C = No. of Part Cement, S = Sand G = Gravel or Stone, Then: Px = 1 = no. of barrel portland cement required for one cu. yd. of concrete C+S+G

Pm = 32.2875 Px = no. of barrel portland cement required for one cu. m. of concrete Pm x S x 3.8 32.2875 Pm x G x 3.8 32.2875 NOTE: 1 barrel = 4 bags of 96 Lbs. Portland cement = 3.76 Cu. Ft. = no. of cubic meter gravel for one cubic meter of concrete = no. of cubic meter sand for one cubic meter of concrete

Masonry There are different kinds of sizes and patterns of locally available materials classified under masonry. Three kinds are as follows: 1) Block 2) Brick 3) Tile

CHB = Concrete Hollow Block Table 2-1 Stock Width 4 5 8 3 Cell Volume Per Block 2 Cells 3 Cells 0.0014 0.0021 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.006 None None Plas. Vol/ Blk. 1 Face 2 Faces 0.0010 0.0020 0.0010 0.0020 0.0010 0.0020 0.00.10 0.0020

1 Cell 0.0007 0.001 0.002 None

4 Cells 0.0028 0.004 0.008 None

13 CHB PER SQ.M. OF WALL AREA SAND APPROX. 1/ 10/ BAG CEMENT Table 2-2 CHB LAID PER BAG CEMENT: 4 x 8 x 16 6 x 8 x 16 8 x 8 x 16 NOTE: 1 Bag of Cement equal = one cubic ft.

55 to 60 Pieces 30 to 36 Pieces 25 to 30 Pieces

Plaster Table 2-3 Class A B C Mix 1:2 1:3 1:4 Cement In Bags 8.5 5.5 4.5 8.5 5.5 4.5 Lime Sand Cu.M. 0.90 0.90 0.90

Plaster Vol. Per Sq. M. = 0.012 Cu. M. CHB FINISH PER SQUARE METER Cement Type of Finishing Tooled Finish Plaster Finish Bag 1/8 1/4 Cu. M. 0.0107 0.0213 Sand

MORTAR Proportion Cement Sand 1.1 24.08 0.65 1.2 16.24 0.87 1.3 12.04 0.97 1.4 9.44 1.02 1.5 7.88 1.06 1.6 7.60 1.10

Volume of Cement Per CHB 4 x 8 x 16 6 x 8 x 16 8 x 8 x 16 0.001 Cu. M. 0.003 Cu. M. 0.004 Cu. M.

Materials Required For 1000 Square Ft. of Varying Thickness of Mortar Table 2-4 Thickness of Mortar 3 / 8 1 / 2 3 / 4 1 1 1/ 4 1 1/ 2 1 3/ 4 2 Proportion 1:2 Cem. Bag 1.4 1.8 2.7 3.7 4.5 5.4 6.4 7.3 Cu. Ft. Sand 2.8 3.6 5.4 7.4 9.0 10.8 12.8 14.6 1:3 Cem. Bag 1.0 1.3 2.0 2.7 3.3 4.0 4.8 5.4 Cu. Ft. Sand 3.0 4.0 6.0 8.1 10 12 14.1 16.2

Quantity of Mortar Per 1000 Bricks Table 2.5 Joints 3/ 16 Joint 5/ 16 Joints 1/ 4 Joints 3/ 8 Joints 1/ 8 Requirements for Mortar Table 2-6 8 cubic feet 12 cubic feet 12 cubic feet 15 cubic feet 18 cubic feet

Kinds Plain Cement Floor Finish Cem. Plas. Fin. 38 Thk. One Face Peeble Wash Out Floor Finish Laying of 6 CHB 4 Fill All Holes & Joints Plaster Perlite Grouted Riprap

Mix 1:2 :3

Cement 0.33 B/ SM 0.11 0.43 0.63 0.36 0.22 4 B / CM

Sand 0.0018 CM/SM 0.006 0.024 0.37 0.019 0.12 0.324 CM/ CM

Concrete Pipe Joint Collars A. 4 Non-Reinf. Conc. Pipe B. 6 Non-Reinf. Conc. Pipe C. B Non-Reinf. Conc. Pipe D. 12 Non-Reinf. Conc. Pipe E. 15 Reinf. Conc. Pipe F. 18 Reinf. Conc. Pipe G. 24 reinf. Conc. Pipe H. 30 Reinf. Conc. Pipe I. 36 Reinf. Conc. Pipe J. 42 Reinf. Conc. Pipe K. 48 Reinf. Conc. Pipe 1:2 1:2 1:2 1:2 1;2 1;2 1:2 1:2 1:2 1:2 1:2 0.02 B/ JT 0.001 CM/ JT 0.03 B/ JT 0.002 CM/ JT 0.05 B/ JT 0.003 CM/ JT 010 B/ JT 0.005 CM/ JT 0.15 B/ JT 0.008 CM/ JT 0.20 B/ JT 0.011 CM/ JT 0.35 B/ JT 0.019 CM/ JT 0.50 B/ JT 0.027 CM/ JT 0.70 B/ JT 0.038 CM/ JT 0.95 B/ JT 0.051 CM/ JT 0.20 B/ JT 0.065 CM/ JT

Mortar 1 CM Thick for Adobe Stone Factor Per Adobe Stone 1. Cross Footing 0.00065 cu. one side 2. Buttress and Stairs 0.001575 cu. two sides one end 3. Wall 0.009 cu. m. one side one end Mortar 1 Cm. Thick for Adobe Stone Table 2-7 Stock Size 6 x 6 x 16 6 x 12 x 16 Cubic Meter/ Stone 0.002 0.004 No. of Pcs./ Sq. M 18 10

Concrete Footing for CHB (Jackbilts Specification) Table 2-8 Concrete Hollow Thickness 3 4 6 8 Footing Thickness 4 (0.10) 4 (0.10) 6 (0.15) 8 (0.20) Footing Width 12 (0.30) 12 (0.30) 14 (0.35) 16 (0.40) Volume Meter 0.03 Cu. M. 0.03 Cu. M. 0.0525 Cu. m. 0.08 Cu. M.

Adobe Stone for Zocalo Wall and Foundation (Based on 0.15 M x 0.35 M x 0.45 M Blocks) Table 2-9 1. Wall 2. Cross Footing 3. Adobe Stair 13 pcs. Per sq. m. 6 pcs. Per meter run 90 pcs. Per cu. m.

Adobe Plaster Table 2-10 Plastering One Face Two Faces Bag Cement Class A 0.0152 0.0304 Per Stone Class B 0.010125 0.020250 Sand 0.00085 0.00170

Red Ceramic Blocks Table 2-11 Stock Size 2 x 4 x 10 3 x 4 x 10 4 x 4 x 10 3 x 10 x 10 Wall Thickness 2 4 3 4 4 3 10 Miscellaneous Bricks and Stone Table 2-12 Stock Size 2 x 4 2 x 6 2 x 8 2 x 10 Pieces Per Sq. Meter 200 133 100 80 Bag cem./ sq.m (1 mortar) Class A Class B 0.45 0.30 0.45 0.30 0.45 0.30 0.45 0.30 Adobe Buttress Table 2-13 Finished Cross Section No. of Stone Per MKS FPS Course 0.35 x 0.50 14 x 20 2 0.50 x 0.50 20 x 20 3 0.50 x 0.65 20 x 26 4 0.50 x 0.80 20 x 32 5 0.50 x 0.95 20 x 38 6 NOTE: When wall is supported by buttress then, 1. Estimate first for the buttress stone 2. Estimate stone for wall 3. Cross footing estimated as continuous Sand Cu.M. 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 Pieces Sq. M. 32 59 32 42 32 14 42

Meter Height 12 18 24 30 36

Decorative Blocks Mortar Table 2-14 Stock Size inches 2 1/ 4 8 1/ 2 5 4 x 7 1/ 4 x 7 1/ 4 4x7x7 4 x 5 1/ 2 x 9 4 x 9 x 10 4 x 8 5/ 8 x 10 4x8x8 4 x 8 x 10 4 x 10 x 11 4 x 10 x 10 Pcs. Per Sq. Meter 54.4 25.6 27.5 23.0 24.0 33.2 22.5 17.8 16.0 13.5 Cem./ Blk Bag 0.000880 0.004070 0.003940 0.004220 0.005342 0.005202 0.004500 0.005062 0.005910 0.005620 Sand/ Blk. Cu. M. 0.00002 0.00011 0.00011 0.00012 0.00015 0.00014 0.00013 0.00014 0.00016 0.00015

Lumbering (Board Measure = Board Ft.) Table 3-1 SIZE 1 X 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 x 2 3 4 6 2 x 8 10 12 3 x 3 4 6 18 10 12 4 x 4 5 x 5 L 6 1 2 3 6 4 5 6 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 8 12.5 E 8 1.33 2.66 4 8 5.33 6.66 8 2.66 4 5.33 8 10.66 13.33 16 6 8 12 16 20 24 10.66 16.66 N 10 1.66 3.33 5 10 6.33 8.33 10 3.33 5 6.66 10 13.33 16.66 20 75 10 15 20 24 30 13.33 20.83 G 12 2 4 6 12 8 10 12 4 6 8 12 16 20 24 8 12 18 24 30 36 16 25 T 14 2.33 4.66 7 14 9.33 11.66 14 4.66 7 9.33 14 18.66 23.35 2.8 10.50 14 21 28 35 42 18.66 29.66 H 16 2.66 5.33 8 16 10.66 13.33 16 5.33 8 10.66 16 21.66 26.66 32 12 16 24 32 40 48 21.33 33.33 S 18 3 6 9 18 12 15 18 6 9 12 18 24 30 36 13.5 18 27 36 45 54 24 37.5

Floor Joists (Board Ft. of Floor Joist Per Square Meter) Table 3-2 SIZE INCHES 2x4 2x5 2x6 2x7 2x8 2 x 10 3x4 3x5 3x6 3x7 3x8 3 x 10 Steps: 1. Subtract all floor openings from gross floor area. 2. Round total to 100 bd. ft. 3. For girts, girders, post, etc. Estimate by direct counting T & G Flooring Table 3-3 Stock Size No./ M. Run 1 x 3 18.30 1 x 4 12.50 1 x 6 8.0 1 x 8 5.8 Solve gross area and subtract all openings. External Sidings Table 3-4 Stock Size 1 x 3 1 x 4 1 x 5 1 x 6 1 x 8 Effective Width 2 1/ 8 3 1/ 8 4 1/ 8 5 1/ 8 6 1/ 8 Studs Board Ft. of Studs Per Square Meter Table 3-5 SROCK SIZE 2x2 2x3 2x4 0.40 X 0.40 6.410 9.630 12.840 S P A C I N G 0.40 X 0.60 5.50 8.40 10.90 Bd. Ft./ Sq. M. 16.22 14.83 13.34 13.00 12.86 Bd. Ft./ Sq. M. 20.00 13.70 10.80 8.34 10 (0.25) 12.26 18.08 18.11 21.12 24.15 30.18 18.11 22.63 24.18 31.70 36.22 45.27 SPACING ON CENTER 12 (0.30) 10.78 13.81 16.10 18.78 21.33 26.73 16.10 20.12 24.15 28.17 32.20 39.00 14 (0.35) 9.50 11.74 14.08 16.42 17.72 23.47 14.08 17.60 21.12 24.65 28.17 35.21

0.60 X 0.60 4.50 6.80 9.00

Ceiling Joist Table 3-6 Stock Size BOARD FT. PER SHEET OF CEILING PANEL 3 x 6 4 x 8 18 x 24 18 24 24 x 18 16 o.c o.c. bw. o.c. bw. o.c. o.c. bw. 3.85 4.4 5.862 7.326 8.800 7.70 8.8 11.726 14.663 17.400 11.55 18.20 17.600 22.000 26.400 15.40 17.60 29.450 29.330 35.200 Ceiling Board Table 3-7 Size 12 x 12 16 x 16 16 x 24 No. of Pcs./ Sq.M. 11.30 6.35 2.82 Size 24 x 24 3 x 6 4 x 8 No. of Pcs. Sq.M. 2.83 0.65 .038 5 x 10 24 x 20 20 o.c. o.c. bw. 10.076 11.00 20.152 22.00 30.250 33.00 40.300 44.00

1 x 2 2 x 2 2 x 3 2 x 4

Trusses and Rafters 1. Estimate by direct counting and measuring method 2. Make a checklist of components: a) Top chord b) Bot. Chord c) Collar Plate d) Strut or web member e) Brace f) Wind or sway bracing 3. For components of shorter lengths, compute according to their sizes combined together and adjust to commercial size. 4. Lumber over 24 shall have splicing with 8-1 / 2 diameter bolt per splice. 5. Add 20% for waste and splicing or 15% for waste alone. 6. Round to 10 bd. ft. for each truss or rafter. 7. Truss bolt size 1 2 diameter minimum 8. Minimum truss bolt requirements a) Top joints = 5 bolts b) End joints = 2 bolts c) Intermediate at bottom chord = 1 bolt d) Intermediate at top chord = 2 bolts

Quantity of Nails Per 1000 Board Ft. Table 3-8 Rafters Purlins Floor Joist Flooring 1 x 2 7/ 8 x 2 1 1/ 2 x 2 1 x 4 1 x 6 Ceiling Joist Studs Sidings Baseboards Door and Window Frame Bridging 1 x 4 2 x 4 Trusses Fascia Board Balustrade T & G Forms 6 KG 9-10 KG 11 KG 5 KG 9 KG 14 KG 10-12 KG 8 KG 8 KG 4 KG 8 KG 7 KG 1/ 2 KG 14 KG 23 KG 10 KG 11 KG 8 KG 7 KG Size of Posts Table 3-9 As Required by the Department of Engineering of the City of Manila (Ipil or its Equivalent) Type of Bldgs. One storey One storey One storey Chalets Two storey Two storey Two storey Two storey Three storey House House Max. Ht. Flr. (M) 1
st

3 4 3 4 3 1 1/ 4 3 3 3 2 1/ 2 2 1/ 2 3 2 2 1/ 2 2 1/ 2 2 1/ 2 3 4 2 1/ 2 2 1/ 2 2 1/ 2

CWN CWN CWN CWN CWN CWN CWN CWN CWN CWN CWN FIN. N CWN CWN CWN CWN CWN FIN. N CWN

100-150 300 3.50 4.00 5.00 4.50 4.50 5.00

Max. Total (M) 3.00 4.00 5.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 10.00 12.00

Ht.

Max. Spacing of Post (M) 5.00 4.00 4.00 3.50 3.00 4.00 4.50 4.50 4.50 400-500 5.00

Reqd Min. Size of Post 4 x 4 4 x 4 5 x 5 5 x 5 5 x 5 6 x 6 7 x 7 8 x 8 8 x 8 9 x 9 10 x 10

Roofings Roof Pitch and Percentage Addition Table 4-1 PERCENT ADDITION TO FLAT AREA FOR TRUSSES AND RAFTERS Symmetrical Unsymmetrical 5.5 2 6 3 8 4 10 5 12 6 14 7 16 8 22 11 28 14 35 18 42 21

PITCH

0.32 0.36 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 00

Purlins for Standard Corrugated G.I. Roofs (For Trusses Not Greater Than 3.0M on Centers) Table 4.2 Purlin Size 2 x 3 2 x 4 2 x 5 2 x 6 2 WD Block BD FT/ SM 3.271 4.369 5.321 6.335 Corrugated Roofing Sheets (Effective Coverage) Table 4-3 Commercial Size 32 x 6 32 x 7 32 x 8 32 x 12 10 End Lap 2 Corr. Side Lap English Metric 27 x 5 2 1.03 SM 27 x 6 2 1.29 SM 27 x 7 2 1.50 SM 27 x 11 2 2.335 SM 12 End Lap 2 Corr. Side Lap English Metric 27 x 5 1.05 SM 27 x 6 1.255 SM 27 x 7 1.465 SM 27 x 11 2.300 SM 2 x 2 WD Cleat BF/ SM 3.440 4.511 5.458 6.500

Estimating Procedure 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Solve for total flat area Add pitch factor (see table 4-1 for roof pitch) Sum of 1 and 2 is called sloped area which the actual covered area. Solve for purlin based on table 4-2 and round up to 10 bd. ft Solve for roofing sheets and round up to 10 sheets.

Roofing Hardwares 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Roofing Rivets = 180 pcs. Per kgs. Corr. G.I. sheet 6 rivets per sheet Corr. G.I. sheet 9 rivets per sheet Corr. G.I. sheet 9-12 rivets per sheet 2 corr. G.I. sheet 12 rivets per sheet Lead washers = 86 pcs. Per kilo Plate (washer) = 152 pcs. Per kilogram

Plain G.I. Straps Per Sheet ( 36 x 8 0) Table 4-4 Purlin Size 2 x 3 2 x 4 2 x 5 2 x 6 Strap Size 1 x 8 1 x 10 1 x 11 1 x 12 Roofing Nails 102 pieces per kg. 2 188 pieces per kg. 2 No. of Roofing Nails 6, 7 & 8 Length = 12 pcs. Per sheet 9 & 10 Length = 16 pcs. Per sheet 12 Length 18 pcs. Per sheet No. of washers per sheet = no. of rivets for 3 purlins per G.I. sheet. 12 straps 7 pcs. Rivets non-engaging 26 pcs. Rivets engaging For 4 purlins per G.I. sheet 16 straps, 7 pcs. Rivets non-engaging 32 pcs. Rivets engaging Non-engaging rivets 3/ 8 x 1/ 4 = 189 pcs. Per kg. Engaging rivets 1/ 2 x 1/ 4 = 153 pcs. Kg. Rivets Needs 2 . G.I. Washers 1 . Lead Washer Strap Needs 2 pcs. Rivets engaging 2 pcs. Lead washer 2 pcs. G.I. washer 2 pcs. 1 1/ 2 flathead Nails 0.06 kg. Per sheet 2 pcs. 2 roof nails 0.082 kg. Per sheet No. of Strap 380 340 310 285

Plain G.I. Gutter, Ridge Roll, Fascia Flashing Standard Lengths = 8FT. No. of sheets required = total linear Mt. X 0.44 Nikolite Soldering Lead Gutter No. of bars = no. of pcs. Of gutter + 4 Downspout No. of bars = no. of pcs. Of downspout + 5 Muriatic acid = 10 cc. Per bar Kinds of Asbestos Roofing 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Standard corrugated sheets 4-V Corrugated Sheets Kanaletas Placa Romana Tencor Corrugated Sheets Ardex Lightweight Corrugated Sheets a. Std. Ardex b. Super Ardex Technical Data Standard Corrugated Sheets Length = 4 to 10 ft. End Lapping Below 20 = 0.30 M Above 20 = 0.15 M Width: Effective Width = 0.838 M Ridge Roll Effective Length = 0.838 M Gutter Effective Length = 2.336 M Outside Flashing = 2.286 M HIP Roll = 1.676 M NOTE: Other accessories, estimate by direct counting 4-V Corrugated Sheets Figure # 2 Standard Length = 2.438 M. Effective Width = 0.965 M. Ridge Roll Eff. Length = 0.965 M. Outside Flashing Eff. Length = 2.286 M.

KANALETAS Standard Length = 7.315 M. Effective Width = 0.885 M. Eaves Flashing = 0.885 M. Outside Flashing Effective Length = 8 to 10 ft. Other accessories, estimate by Direct counting method

Placa Romana Standard Length = 0.812 M. Effective Length = 0.600 M. Standard Width = 1.80 M. Effective Width = 1.100 M. End Lap = 0.200 M. Side Lap = 0.080 M. Ridge Roll Effective Length = 1.100 M. Outside Flashing Effective Length = 2.286 M. Ridge Flashing Effective Length = 1.100 M. Eaves Flashing Effective Length = 1.100 M. Other accessories, estimate by Direct counting method Tencor Corrugated Sheets = 2.44 M. = 0.30 M. = 2.14 M. = 0.675 M. = 0.748 M. = 5 to 10 ft. long = 6 inches = 0.952

Standard Length Lapping Effective Length Effective Width Standard Width Outside Flashing Minus Lapping Ridge Roll

Ardex Corrugated Sheets Table 4-5 MEASUREMENT Std. Width Effective Width Nominal Length Ridge Roll Eff. Length Outside Flashing Side Lapping Standard 0.52 M. 0.45 M. 2.5 10.5 ft. 0.9525 M. 5 to 10 ft. 6 inches Ceramics Roofing Tiles Table 4-6 Description Marceille Type (Flat) Ondula Type (Wavy) SR (STD. Ridge) Half-Marceille JRT - 1 JRT 2 JRT 3 JRT 4 JRT 5 SRT 1 SRT 2 SRT L SRT R Wt. / Pc. 3.6 Kg. 4.0 Kg. 2.8 Kg. 2.0 Kg. 3.0 Kg. 3.75 Kg. 3.2 Kg. 3.2 Kg. 2.2 Kg. 4.0 Kg. 2.2 Kg. 2.25 Kg. 2.25 Kg. Pcs. Required Per Sq. M. Sq. M. Lin. M. Line Sq. M. Lin. M. Line Line Lin. M. Sq. m. Line Line Line Super 1.05 m. 0.95 8 12 ft. 0.9525 M. 5 to 10 ft. 6 inches

14 15 2.5 1.0 13 4 1 1 4 13 1 1 1

JRS SRT U SRT T JRS -

2.0 Kg. 1.75 Kg. 1.50 Kg. 3.0 Tile Work

Lin. M. Sq. M. Sq. M. Lin. M.

1 25 25 4

Table 5-1 Classification Cement Tiles Size (in.) 4x4 6x6 8x8 10 x 10 20 x 20 3x3 4x4 4 1/ 4 x 4 1/ 4 6x6 12 x 12 2x2 3x3 4 x 4 1/ 4 2 2 4 4 Pcs./ Sq. M. 100 44 25 16 4 178 100 86 44 12 480 190 95 Pcs./ Lin. M. 20 16 9 9

Vetrified Tiles Mosaic Tiles

Hexagonal Tiles

5-pt. Hexagonal 4-pt. Hexagonal Capping Internal Bead NOTE:

1. Round values to 50 pcs. Except for 20 x 20 cement tile, capping and internal bead which are to be rounded to 10 pcs. 2. Tile cement mortar shall be 1 cm. Thick 3. Mortar volume shall be based on rounded values of tiles 4. Aggregates for mortar shall be rounded as follows: Cement = 5 bags; Sand = 1 cu.m./Lime = 5 bags 5. Use 5 points hexagonal tiles along shorter lengths 6. Use 4 points hexagonal tiles along shorter lengths 7. For wainscoting corner moulding, estimate by direct count. White cement filler mortar = 1 kl. Per square meter Portland cement paste = 0.08 bag/ square meter Precast Terrazo and Granulithic Tiles Table 5-2 Stock size 8 x 8 9 x 9 10 x 10 12 x 12 14 x 14 16 x 16 Pcs. Sq. M. 25 20 16 12 8.5 6.5 Cem. Bags Sq. M. Class A Class B 0.34 0.22 0.34 0.22 0.34 0.22 0.34 0.22 0.34 0.22 0.34 0.22 Sand Cu.M. 0.18 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 Brass Div. M. Sq. M. 11.00 10.00 9.00 8.00 6.00 5.90

VINYL AND RUBBER TILES Stock size 1/ 8 x 8 x 8 1/ 8 x 9 x 9 1/ 8 x 10 x 10 1/ 8 x 12 x 12 Pieces Per Sq. M.T. 25.00 19.75 16.00 11.11 Reinforcement Available lengths of commercial bars: 20 ft. (6.0M); 25 ft. (7.5M); 30 ft. (9.0) Weights and hook allowance of rod. Table 6-1 Bar No. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 NOTE: Kg x 0.001102 = Ton Lb x 0.453 = Kg. TIE WIRE: No. 16 G.I. Tie Wire = 20 Kg/ Ton of rebar = 0.02 x total weight of rebar = 35 Kgs per roll Weights and Hook Allowance Of Rod Philippine Standard Table 6-2 Bar No. 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 12 13 16 Bar Designation (mm) 6 10 12 16 20 25 28 32 36 40 50 Kg/ M.T. 0.222 0.616 0.888 1.579 2.466 3.854 4.833 6.313 7.991 9.864 15.413 Hook All. 2 (mm) 72 120 144 192 240 300 336 384 432 480 600 6D x Bar Dia. 1/ 4 3/ 8 1/ 2 5/ 8 3/ 4 7/ 8 1 1 1/ 8 1 1/8 Kg/ M 0.249 0.559 0.993 1.550 2.230 3.040 3.970 5.030 6.200 Hook Allowance 3 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 13.5 15 Gallons of Asphalt Per Sq. M.T. 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042

No. of Pcs. Of Lateral Tie in One 6.0 M Bar Table 6-3 Lateral Tie Dimension W 5 in. 0.125 M. 5 in 7 9 11 13 7 9 11 13 15 9 11 13 15 11 13 15 L 0.12 5m 0.175 0.225 0.275 0.325 0.175 0.225 0.275 0.325 0.375 0.225 0.275 0.325 0.375 0.275 0.325 0.375 No. of Pcs. In one Bar (n) 9 8 7 6 5 7 6 5 5 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 4

0.175

0.225

11

0.275

Lateral Tie and Tie Wire Computation by Direct Counting Method: Let N = no. of pcs. Of bars required N = no of pcs. In one bar (see table # 6-3) L = total length of all columns S = spacing of lateral tie N = ( L + 1) + n S Round value to next 10. FOR TIE WIRE: Let N = no. of kilos of tie wire required V = no. of vertical bars L = length of tie wire/ tying points = 12 inches = 0.30 m. on the average T = no. of tying points = (L/S + 1) V 1 kl. No. 16 tie wire = 53 m approximately N = L T + 53 = 0.30 (L/S + 1) V 53 N = 0.00566 (L + 1) V S

Length of Spiral Reinforcement Table 6-4 Col. Diam. 12 Pitch 2 2 1/ 2 3 2 2 1/ 2 3 2 2 1/ 2 3 2 2 1/ 2 3 2 2 1/ 2 3 2 2 1/ 2 3 2 2 1/ 2 3 Length of Spiral/ M. Ht. 14.85 M 12.03 9.9 16.50 13.35 11.10 18.15 14.70 12.10 19.80 16.05 M 13.20 21.45 17.37 14.30 23.10 18.70 15.40 24.75 20.03 16.50 Col. Diam. 20 Pitch 2 2 1/ 2 3 2 2 1/ 2 3 2 2 1/ 2 3 2 2 1/ 2 3 2 2 1/ 2 3 2 2 1/ 2 3 2 2 1/ 2 3 Length of Spiral/ M. Ht. 28.05 M 27.71 18.69 29.70 24.04 19.80 31.35 25.37 20.89 33.00 26.70 M 22.07 34.64 28.04 23.10 36.30 29.40 24.19 37.95 30.72 25.29

13 14 14

21

22

15 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 18 18

23 23 23 24 24 24 25 25 25 26 26 26

Concrete Slab Reinforcement Table 6-5 Bar Spacing Inches 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 One Way Slab 20 Bar Tie Wire Per sq. m Klg/ sq. m 3.350 0.218 2.842 0.175 2.450 0.152 2.250 0.129 2.083 0.113 1.884 0.102 1.762 0.080 1.669 0.080 1586 0.074 CHB Reinforcement Table 6-6 Spacing of Vertical Bars in Meter 0.4 0.6 0.8 Horizontal Bars Every 2 Layers 3 4 5 Length of Bars in Meter Per Block Sq. Meter 0.25 3.0 0.17 2.1 0.12 1.5 0.22 0.15 0.13 0.11 2.7 1.9 1.7 1.4 Two Way Slab 20 Bar Tie Wire Per sq. m. Klg./ sq. m. 4.150 0.459 3.440 0.389 3.040 0.282 2.550 0.198 2.350 0.132 2.020 0.105 1.820 0.083 1.710 0.069 1.600 0.056

NOTE: Rebars for spiral column, slab and chb indicated in the tables include the allowance for bending, splicing and end hook. CHB Rebar (Jackbilt Specification) Table 6-7 VERTICAL BAR SPACING Block 16 O.C. Thickness 0.40 4 3/ 8 6 3/ 8 8 3/ 8

24 O.C. 0.60 3/ 8 3/ 8 1/ 2

32 O.C. 0.80 3/ 8 3/ 8 1/ 2

40 O.C. 1.00 3/ 8 3/ 8 5/ 8

48 O.C. 1.20 3/ 8 1/ 2 5/ 8

Horizontal Bar Spacing Table 6-8 Brick Thickness 4 6 8 Every Third Course or 0.60 3/ 8 1/ 2 1/ 2 Every Fourth Course or 0.80 3/ 8 1/ 2 1/ 2 Every Fifth Course or 0.0 3/ 8 1/ 2 1/ 2

Electrical Estimates Table 7-1 Class of Work Install thin-wall conduit with Outlet boxes 1/ 2 & 3/ 4 in. 1.0 in. 1.25 in. 1.50 in. Install flexible conduit With outlet boxes 1/ 2 & 3/ 4 in. 1 & 1.25 in. Install service Entrance cap and conduit Install conduit & fuse panel Install heavy rigid conduit with outlet boxes 1/ 2 & 3/ 4 in. 1 & 1.25 in. 1 1/ 2 in. 2 2 1/ 2 in 3 4 Unit Labor Hour Electrical Helper 46 4.3 7 4.5 7.5 5.5 9 35 46 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 5.0 10 50 11 30 13 12 17 15 21 20 28 25 - 35 46 4.3 7 4.5 7.5 5.5 9 35 46 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 5.0 10 50 11 30 13 12 17 15 21 20 28 25 - 35

100 L.F. 100 L.F. 100 L.F. 100 L.F.

100 L.F. 100 L.F. Each Each 100 in. F. 100 in. F. 100 in. F. 100 in. F. 100 in. F. 100 in. F. 100 in. F.

Painting Works A. 1. 2. B. 1. 2. Wood: First coating for wood = 1 gal. Per 20 sq. m. Second coating for wood = 1 gal. Per 25 sq. m. Masonry: First coating for wood = 1 gal. Per 25 sq. m. Second coating for wood = 1 gal. Per sq. m.

Inside for wood use interior paint Outside for wood use exterior gloss paint Masonry for wood use monokote paint For coloring: - interior flat or exterior gloss paint - Tinting color (assorted) Masonry paint for coloring Agri color Paint thinner 2 gals. Per 20 gals. Of paints Linseed oil 1 gal. Per 20 gals. Of paints

Spreading Rate of Paint (No. of Sq. M. Covered by one Gallon) Table 8-1 Kind of Paint Oil paint Gloss Finish Character of Surface Smooth wood Rough wood Metal Plaster Hard brick Soft brick Smooth cem. Struc. Rough cem. Struc. Smooth painted with Undercoat Smooth wood Smooth wood Smooth wood Rough wood Smooth wood Wood wall bd. Plaster Hard brick Soft brick Rough cem. Struc. Plaster Wood Brick Plaster 1 Coat 55.76 32.53 65.05 41.82 37.17 32.53 32.53 18.58 46.50 46.50 41.82 55.76 11.61 23.23 46.50 37.17 32.53 27.88 13.94 37.17 23.23 18.58 27.88 2 Coats 30.20 18.50 31.60 23.23 20.91 18.58 18.58 9.29 23.29 22.55 23.23 27.88 6.97 27.25 20.91 18.58 18.26 6.97 3 Coats 20.95 12.55 21.37 18.26 14.87 13.94 13.94

Enamel Paint Extr. Varnish Interior Varnish Shellac Shingles Stain Oil Paint smooth

18.58 18.26

18.58 14.87 13.94 11.61

Calcinine 5-LB Powder White Wash 4-5 Hydrated Lime

Kinds of Paint Table 8-2 Kinds of Paint Asphalt Roof Paint Asphalt Asbestos Paint 5 Lbs powder cold paint Character of Surf. Rough wood Smooth wood Smooth wood 1 Coat 13.54 9.29 27.88

Roof water

Paint Coverage (Sq. M./ Gal.) Wood Preservation Outside Lead oil Flat White Paints Floor Oil Paint Stain Enamel Floor Wall side for wall board Aluminum Varnish 9.30 1 coat 27.88 2 coats 27.88 2 coats 55.76 1 coat 23.23 2 coats 27.88 1 coat 46.50 1 coat 55.76 1 coat Labor Estimate 1. Concreting of Plain Flooring 2 men pour 1.2 cu. m. concrete/ day 2. Concreting of Reinf. Flooring 2 men pour 0.84 cu. m. concrete/ day 3. Concreting of Column & Beam: 2 men pour 0.50 cu. m. concrete/ day 4. Finishing of Flooring (rough): 2 men finishes 72 sq. m./ day 5. Finishing of C.H.B. Joints: 2 men finishes 420 pcs./ day 6. Plastering of C.H.B. 2 men plasters 8 sq. m./ day 7. Laying of C.H.B. 2 men lay 100 pcs./ day 8. Breaking Old R.C. Flooring: 2 men break 0.30 cu.m./ day 9. Laying of Glazed Tile, 4 x 4 2 men lay 100 pcs./ day 10. Laying of Glazed Tile, 6 x 6 2 men lay 72 pcs./ day 11. Installation of Water Closet: 2 men install 1 set W.C/ 2 days 12. Installation of Lavatory: 2 men install 1-set Lav. / 1 1/ 2 day 13. Installation of G.I. sheets 32 x 8 on steel Frames: 2 men installs 11 sheets/ day 14. Installation of G.I. sheets 32 x 8 on Wooden Frames 2 men installs 20 sheets/ day 15. Installation of G.I. sheets 32 x 12 on Steel Frames: 2 men installs 10 sheets/ day

16. Installation of G.I. sheets 32 x 12 on Wooden Frames: 2 men installs 15 sheets/ day 17. Fabricating and installation of Gutter Downspout, Ridgeroll: 2 men fabricated install 5 sheets: 32 x 8 G.I. sheets/ day 18. Installation of G.I. Pipe 1/ 2 x 20 2 men install 20 lights/ day 19. Installation of door and windows jamb: 1 man install 3 pcs. 2 x 5 x 16 or 40 bd. ft./ day 20. Installation of Door (Complete with Hinges and Knob): 1 man install 2 pcs. Door/ day 21. Fabrication of Door (Excluding Planning of Frames) 1 man makes 3 pcs./ day 22. Planning Rough Lumber (including Alignment): 1 man planes 4 pcs. 2 x 4 18 120 bd. ft./ day 23. Planning Rough Lumber (No Alignment): 1 man planes 10 pcs. 2 x 4 x 18 120 bd. ft./ day 24. Installation of Plywood Board: 2 men install 15 sheets 4 x 8/ day 25. Installation of Wooden Post: 2 men install 6 pcs. 4 x 4 x 12 or 96 bd. ft./ day 26. installation of Wood Jalousie Windows 1 man install 2 pcs. 30 x 45 or 18.75 sq. ft./ day Construction Work Capacities in Man-hours EARTH WORK: a. Excavation 1.82 to 2.89 man-hour/ cu.m. b. Backfill 1.34 man-hours/ cu.m. FORMWORK a. Footing, grade beams, column 2.5 man-hours/ sq.m. b. Beams, bond beams, floor slabs 2.8 man-hours/ sq. m. c. Roof beams and bond beams 3.01 man-hours/ sq. m. d. Root slabs 3.34 man-hours/ sq. m. e. Retaining walls 2.4 man-hours/ sq. m. f. Stairs and landings 2.48 man-hours/ sq. m. g. Form oil application 6.0 man-hours/ 10 sq. m. REINFORCEMENT: a. Reinforcement of footings up to roofing average 9.0 man-hours/ 100 kilos b. B. Grade slab EWP 13 man-hours/ 100 sq. m. c. Floor membrane 15 man-hours/ 100 sq. m. CONCRETE WORK a. Column footings, wall footing grade beam, grade slab and Column 2.34 man-hours/ cu. m. b. Floor beams and bond beams 2.82 man-hours/ cu. m. c. Floor slabs (suspended) 2.60 man-hours/ cu. m. d. Roof beams and bond beams 2.88 man-hours/ cu. m. e. Stairs 2.6 man-hours/ cu. m. f. Roof slab 2.91 man-hours cu. m. g. Curing (water) 2.0 man-hours/ day for 7 days h. Equipment 1. Vibrator 16 min./ cu. m. 2. Crane with concrete bucket 4 cu. m./ man-hour

I.

II.

III.

IV.

Capabilities of Manual Labor Per Hour Unit 1. man Type of work a. Excavating Loam or sand b. Excavating clay or heavy soil c. Excavating rock d. Backfilling e. Spreading, tamping & grading f. Placing escombro fill g. Placing binders h. Cleaning undergrowth and small brush i. Cleaning underground and brush 12 a. Laying of CHB and Adobe b. Cement finish a. Erecting forms b. Removing forms CAPABILITIES OF EQUIPMENT Item 1. Dozer Type of work a. Clearing b. Stripping c. Excavation d. Quarrying e. Pushing a. sub-grading b. Spreading a. Loading a. Loading a. Static Rolling (12 passes 15 cm. Lift) b. Vibratory Rolling (4 passes 15 cm. Lift) a. Static Rolling (6 passes 20 cm. Lift) a. Vibratory Rolling (6 passes 20 cm. Lift) Capability 500 sq. m/ hr. 200 sq. m/ hr. 25 cu. m/ hr. 50 cu. m/ hr. 3 sq. m/ hr. 300 sq. m/ hr. 50 cu. sq. m/ hr. 30 cmph 35 cmph 135 cmph 24 cmph 240 cmph 24 cmph 72 cmph 3.5 cmpt 5 cmpt 2.5 c.m./ trip 2.0 c.m./ trip 0.17 c.m./ trip 0.07 c.m./ trip 1000 sq.m./ hr. 300 sq. m./ hr. 9 cu.m./ hr. 30 cu.m./ hr. 40 cu.m./ hr. 40 sm./ hr. 1 cu.m./ trip Capability 0.76 cu. m. 0.61 cu. m. 0.38 cu. m. 1.22 cu. m. 2.09 cu. m. 2.0 cu. m. 4.0 cu. m. 20 sq. m. 20 sq. m. 22 pcs. 28 sq. m. 1.86 sq. m. 1.86 sq. m.

2. 1 mason & 1 helper 3. 1 carpenter & 1 helper

2. Grader 3. Payloader 4. Crane Shovel 5.Sheeps foot Roller 6. No. 3 W Road Roller 7. Tractor-drawn Roller (1 D) 8. Tandem Roller

a. Static Rolling (6 passes 20 cm. Lift) b. Vibra Rolling (6 passes 60 cm. Lift) 9. 5-T Dump a. Hauling common borrow Truck b. Hauling selected borrow base coarse NOTE: Cmph cu. m./ hour; cmpt = cu. m./ truck 10. 2-1/ 2-T a. Hauling common borrow Dump Truck b. Hulting SBBC 11. Buggy a. Hauling concrete mix 12. Wheel barrow a. Hauling aggregates 13. Water Truck a. Watering 14 Asphalt a. Spraying Distributor Asphalt prime 15. 16-S Concrete Mixer 16. Rock Crusher a. Crushing mixed Sand and gravel 17. Concrete a. Vibrating concrete mix Vibrator 18. Concrete Floor a. Finishing concrete floor Finisher 19. Scraper Towed a. Hauling heap capacity

12 CY Cap 20. Scraper TourMapull 45 ton 21. Percussion

a. Hauling heap capacity

22 cu.m./ trip

a. Drillings hard rock 0.23 m/ hr. b. Drillings loose rock 0.30 m/ hr. c. Drillings limestone 0.38 m/ hr. d. Drilling sticky clay 0.49m/ hr. e. Drilling loose clay 0.76 m/ hr. 1. Metric ton of Asphalt concrete covers 8 sq. m. of pavement 0.05 m. thick or 0.43 cu. m. of Asphalt concrete. Inside Dimension of the Digestion Chamber Depth (m.) Width (m.) 1.20 0.90 1.20 1.10 1.20 1.25 1.20 1.40 1.30 1.50 1.30 1.60 1.40 1.65 1.40 1.80 1.50 1.80 1.50 1.90 1.60 2.00 1.60 2.20 1.80 2.20 1.80 2.30 Important Features of Septic Vaults 1. Septic tanks are no longer allowed in Manila where the sanitary sewer in now in operation. They may still however, be of great service in sub-urban communities. 2. Location: no septic tank shall be installed within or under the house 3. Tanks must be built water-tight of concrete, stone or brick 4. Both compartments are provided with manholes and tight covers for cleaning and necessary repairs. 5. Inlets and outlets are submerged in such a way that neither scum or sludge be unduly disturb. 6. Inlets and outlets are arranged so as to deliver the sewage to the middle third of the tank depth. For instance, in a tank 1.20 m deep, the inlet and outlet be submerged 0.40 meters. 7. The vault is vented thru the sanitary fees in the inlet and outlet, having top ends open and screened to make-tank mosquito-proof. 8. The bottom of the tank should 1:10 min. toward the manhole in the center facilitate cleaning. 9. Not less than 0.20 m. of airspace should be left between the top of the sewage and the under part of the rank over.

No. of Person 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 70 80 90 100

Length (m.) 1.80 2.20 2.50 2.80 3.00 3.20 3.30 3.50 3.50 3.90 4.00 4.40 4.40 4.60

Average Pool Consumption for Various Construction Equipment Table 10-1 Equipment Pay loader Bull dozer Rd. Grader Rd. Roller 5 t Rd. Roller 10-12 t Rd. roller 5-8 t Crane Truck mounted Pneumatic Tractor Trk. Tractor w/ trafler Water trk. W/ pump Paver Dump Truck Diesel Fuel (liter) 10 ltrs./ hr. 12 ltrs./ hr. 10 ltrs./ hr. Engine Oil (liter) 3 ltrs./ hr. 3 ltrs./ hr. 3 ltrs./ hr. 2 ltrs./ hr. 2 ltrs./ hr. 2 ltrs./ hr. 4 ltrs./ fly 1 ltr./ day 2 km./ ltr. 1 ltr./ day 1/ 5 ltr./ day 5 ltrs./ day 3 kms./ ltr. 2 ltrs./ day 1 ltr./ day Grease (Pound) 1 lb./ day 1 lb./ day 1 lb./ day 2 lbs./ wk 2 lbs./ wk 2 lbs./ wk 2 lbs./ day 2 lbs./ day 1 lb./ wk. 1 lb./ day 1 lb./ day 1 lb./ day 1 ltr./ wk. Brake fld. 1 Pint/ wk. 2 ltrs./ wk. Brake fld. 1 pint/ wk 1 ltr./ day 1 ltr./ day 8 ltr./ hr. 8 ltrs./ hr. Gear Oil (Liter) 1 ltr./ day 1 ltr./ day 1 ltr./ day 6 1 ltr./ wk Gasoline (Liter)

6 ltrs./ hr.

5 ltrs./ hr. 5 ltrs./ hr.

1 ltr./ day 1 ltr./ day

12 ltrs./ hr. 12 ltrs./ hr.

Tractor Crawler Cat D-7 Stake Trk. (H Loadstax 80 ton) Concrete Mixer 4 bagger

10 ltrs./ hr. 1 ltr./ km.

2 ltrs./ day 1 ltr./ day 1/ 2 lb./ day

2 lbs./ day 1 lb./ day 1/ 2 lb./ day

Rough Estimates 100 BD. FT./ CU.M. FORM LUMBER Cement 10 bags/ cu.in. plaster Steel Reinf. 100 to 130 kgs./ cu.m. of concrete Roof Frmg. 14 bd. ft./ sq. m. of roof area Ceiling Frmg. 7 bd. ft./ sq.m. ceiling Nails 20 kgs./ 1000 bd. ft. Studding, 2 x 3 4 bd. ft./ sq.m. Siding 10.7 bd. ft./ sq.m. Flooring 10.8 bd. ft./ sq.m. Floor Joists, 2 x 6 15 bd. ft./ sq.m. Ceiling Joists, 2 x 2 4 bd. ft./ sq.m. Purlins, 2 x 4 4.4 bd. ft./ sq.m. G.I. Sheets, 32 x 8 0.7238 pcs./ sq.m. Roof nails, 2 1/ 2 0.082 kg./ sq.m. Roof cement 0.042887 gal/ sq.m. Straps, 3 x 8 0.0452377 sht./ sq.m. Rivets, 3/ 8 x 1/ 4 0069 kg/ sq.m. G.I. washer, 1/ 4 0.15888 kg/ sq.m.

General Checklist: I. FOUNDATION Concrete footing, piers, lumber forms, earthfill, reinforcing bars, hardwares CONCRETE AND MASONRY WORKS Reinforced concrete: columns, beams, slabs and zocalo; Slab on fill, CHB zocalo, CHB walls, CHB fence, CHB fillers, Plaster, Forms and Falseworks, Various hardwares materials, mortar LUMBER FRAMEWORKS Posts, Girders, Floor joists, Bridging, T & G Flooring, Ceiling joists hangers, Siding, Various hardwares. ROOFING Trusses, Rafters, Purlins, Purlin blocks, Fascia boards, Air ventilators PENESTRATIONS Window sash/ framing, door sash/ framing, window glass, door glass. MILLWORKS Panel/ flush doors, baseboards, general moulding, special moulding, various hardwares. STAIRS Stringers, Treads, Riser, Handrails, Balustrades, Paneling, Various hardwares STOCK PANEL Exterior siding, Double wall, Partition, flooring, Ceiling, Various hardwares. TILE WORK Unglazed floor tiles, Glazed tiles, Face bricks, Mortar, Various hardwares. ROUGH HARDWARES Common wire nails, G.I. nails with lead washers, Tension bars, machine bolts and washers, post W.I. straps, tie wire. FINISHING HARDWARES Loose pin hinges, Closets and cabinet hinges locksets, Cabinet handles, Friction catches, Door automatic closer, Cabinet drawer locks, Aluminum screen. PLUMBING WORK C.I. soil pipes, C.I. soil pipe fittings, Floor drains, Faucet, Stop cock, Shower head, Water heater, Kitchen sink. ELECTRICAL Electrical wires, Switches, Convenience outlets, Ceiling receptacles, Main switch, Circuit breaker. BATH AND TOILET FIXTURES Water closets, Lavatories, bath tubs, Shower stalls, urinals, Bidets, toilet and bath accessories. SPECIAL CARPENTRY WORKS Closets, built-in cabinets, movable partitions, Cabinets, Cupboards, Covelighting, Various built-in units.

II.

III.

IV.

V.

VI.

VII.

VIII.

IX.

X.

XI.

XII.

XIII.

XIV.

XV.

XVI.

TINSMITHRY Corrugated G.I. roofing, Gutter/ Flushing, Flushing, Ridge roll, Hook bolts, valley roof straps, conductors, downspouts. PAINTING Roof paint, masonry paint, Oil base paint, Varnish, Patching powder, Thinner, Linseed oil, Sand Paper. Checklist of Items to be Considered:

XVII.

JOB OVERHEAD 1. EQUIPMENT: rental, delivery, loading, erecting, and dismantling 2. PERSONNEL: Salaries, fringe benefits and payroll taxes for superintendent, foreman, timekeeper, clerk etc. 3. FIELD OFFICE : rental, telephone, electricity, office supplies 4. TEMPORARY FACILITIES: light and power, water, sanitary facilities, fuel, gas for gas for welding roads, stair, barricades, runways, fences, tool-shed, warning lights 5. PERMIT: building, street, sidewalk water, sewer, for transporting heavy loads over city street, for use of city dumps. 6. QUALITY CONTROL: Soil compaction test and boring, concrete tests for aggregate, slump and strength manufacturers and materials suppliers certifications and samples. 7. MEETING AND SUBMITTALS: As-built drawings, progress photographs, shop schedules, progress report, job meeting. 8. TRANSPORTATION AND FREIGHT: Railway, trucking, demurraged, unloading. 9. COORDINATING: Cutting and patching, inspecting subcontractor work. 10. FINAL CLEAN-UP: Patching, touchup, janitorial work, handling debris final inspection. 11. BONDS: Surety, labor and material payment bond, performance, bid, completion supply. 12. INSURANCE: General liability, fire, damage etc. 13. PROTECTION: Safety requirements, etc. 14. REPAIRS: Sidewalk, streets, and curbs. 15. Miscellaneous: Professional fee for engineer, attorney, general company overhead, real state taxes, contingencies. SITE EXCAVATION AND SITEWORK: Demolition, clearing and grubbing remove excess materials and debris, strip and stockpile top soil, borrow material from offsite sources. Rough grading, spread back top soil, landscaping, concrete and bituminous walks, driveway, curb. Catch basin and storm drain. BUILDING EXCAVATING AND BACFILLING STRUCTURAL METALS: handling and erection. ARCHITECTURAL AND MISCELLANEOUS METALS. CONTRACTOR AND OWNER FURNISHED OR BUILT-IN EQUIPMENT.

SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS CONCRETING Find the quantity of cement in bags, sand and gravel in cu.m. needed for a plain concrete slab on fill 0.10 m thick and 6.0 x 9.0 m in dimension. Solution: 1. Find the volume: V = 0.10 x 9 x 6 = 5.40 cu. m. 2. Referring on Table 1-2, Class B Cement: 5.4 x 6.48 = 35 bags Sand: 5.4 x 0.44 = 2.5 cu. m. Gravel: 5.4 x 0.88 = 5.0 cu. m. MASONRY: The net area of a certain masonry wall is 100 sq. m. Find the no. of 4 x 6 x 8 CHB, bag of cement and lime, and cu. m. of sand. The wall is to be tooled finished on one side. Use 1:3 mixture for plaster and mortar 1. pcs. Of CHB = 100 x 13 = 1300 pcs. 2. Mortar volume: referring on and Table 2-1 and 2-4 filler vol. = 1300 x 0.0028 = 3.64 cu. m. mortar vol. = 100 (3.28)2 sq. ft. x 6 cu. ft. x cu. m. 100 sq. ft. (3.28) cu. ft. mortar volume 1.83 cu. m. Total mortar volume = 3.64 + 1.83 = 5.47 cu. m. referring on Table 2-3, using 1:3 mixture Cement: 5.47 x 12.07 66 bags Sand: 5.47 x 0.97 = 55 cu. m. 3. Plaster Volume: referring on Table 2-3 V = 100 x 0.012 = 1.2 cu. m. Cement: 1.2 x 5.5 = 6.6 bags Lime: 1.2 x 5.5 = 6.6 bags Sand: 1.2 x 0.90 = 1.1 cu. m. Compute the quantity of cement in bags sand in cu. m. and 0.35 x 0.45 adobe stones for a wall supported by buttress as shown. Solution: 1. Buttress: referring on Table 2-13 Total height = 2 x 3 = 6.0 m No. of stones = 6(12) = 72 pcs. Mortar volume, referring on page 12 and 13 V = 72(0.001575) = 0.1134 cu. m. Referring on using 1.3 mixture Cement: 0.1134(12.04) = 2 bags Sand: 0.1134(0.97) = 0.11 cu. m. 2. Wall : referring on page 15 Area = [10 3 (0.35))] (2) = 17.90 sq. m. No. of stones = 17.9 (13) = 233 pcs. For class A plaster on two faces< cement : 233 (0.0304) = 7 bags

Sand : 233 (0.0017) = 0.5 cu. m. 3. Cross-footing: referring on Table 2-9 No. of stones = 10(6) = 60 pcs. Mortar volume, V = 60(0.0065) = 0.39 cu. m. Referring on Table 2-3 using 1:3 mixture Cement: 0.39 (12.04) = 5 bags Sand : - .39(0.97) = 0.5 cu. m. Compute the quantity of cement and sand for mortar to lay 100 pcs. Of 36 concrete pipe for drainage. No. of joints = no. of pipes 1 = 99 referrign on Table 2-6 Cement: 99(0.70) = 70 bags Sand: 99(0.038) = 4 cu. m. Excavation and Backfill Find the total volume of excavation and backfill. Assume the soil to be moist ordinary earth. From page 3, the slope for this kind of soil varies from 1:2.1 1:1 Lumbering Compute the needed materials for the floor system shown using 1 x 6 T&G flooring system shown using 1 x 6 T&G flooring supported by 2 x 6 joist spaced at 12 on center. Solution: 1. For 1 x 6 T&G Flooring: Referring Table 3-3 10.8 Bd. FT./Sq.M. Total BF = 10.8 (3 x 6) = 194.4; N = 24 pcs. 2. For 2 x 6 x 12 Floor Joist: Referring to Table 3-2 16.10 bd. ft./ sq.m. Total BF = 16.10 (3 x 6) = 289 bd. ft. N 2 x 6 x 12 + 12 = 289.8, N = 24 pcs. Compute the needed materials for the ceiling frame shown. Use 3 x 6 joist 18 o.c. Solution: 1. Divide 4+ 0.9 = 5; 10 + 1.8 = 6 Pcs. Of ceiling panel = 5 x 6 = 30 pcs. 2. For ceiling joist: Referring to Table 3-6 8.8 bd. ft./ sht. No. of pcs. W/o considering cutting Wastage = (4 x 10) + (9 x 1.8) = 25 pcs. Total BF = 25 (8.8) = 220 bd. ft. N 2 x 2 x 12 + 12 = 220, N = 55 pcs. 3. Nail from Table 3-8 No. of Kis (1 1/ 2) CWN = 8 (334.4) x 10 = 2.7 kis.

Roofing As shown in the figure, find the matls needed using 32 x 6 corr. G.i. with 12 end lapping and two corrugation for side lapping, and 2 x 4 purlins. Solution: Pitch = 1.28 + 4 = 0.32 From Table 4-1, percentage addition for pitch = 5.5 Flat area = 4 x 9 = 36 sq. m. Slopped area = 36 + 36 (0.055) = 37.98 sq. m. From p. 28, effective coverage = 1.05 sq.m./ sht. No. of sheets = 37.98 + 1.05 = 36 shts. From pp. 29 and 30 using 3 purlins per sheets pcs. Of straps = 13 x 36 = 468 pcs. Referring on pages 30 to 31 No of engaging rivets = 2 x 468 = 936 pcs. No. of kilos = 936 + 153 = 5 kls. Lead washer: 86 pcs. Per kilo No. of pcs. = 936, no. of kilos = 936 + 86 = 11 kls. G.I. washer: 152 pcs. Per kilo No. of kilo = 2 (468) + 152 = 6 kls. 1 1/ 2 flathead Nails = 36 (0.06) = 2.5 kls. 2 1/ 2 Roofing Nails = 36 (0.082) = 3.0 kls. Wood block referring to table 4-2 Total bd. ft. = 37.98 (4.369) = 166 bd. ft. N 2 x 4 x 10 + 2 = 166, N = 25 pcs. Wood Cleats; referring to Table 4-2 Total BF = 37.98 (4.511) = 171.33 bd. ft. N 2 X 4 X 10 + 12 = 171.33; N = 26 pcs. Purlins; by direct counting 42 pcs. Of 2 x 4 x 10 Tile work Find the quantity of file work materials for a bathroom shown. Use 12 x 12 mosaic tiles and 4 1/ 2 x 4 1/ 2 unglazed tiles. A. Mosaic Tiles: refer to table 5-1 A = 1.15 (2.25) = 2.59 sq. m. No. of pcs. = 2.59 (12) = 32 pcs. B. Glazed Tiles A wall = 1.5 [2 x 2.25 + 1.15 + 0.45] = 9.15 sq. m. No. of pcs. = 9.15 (95) = 870 pcs. C. External Bead 4 1/ 2 Linear meter = 1.5 + 1.5 = 3.0 m No. of pcs. = 3(9) = 27 pcs. D. Internal Bead : 4 1/ 2 L.M. = 2.25 x 2 + 1.15 + 0.45 = 6.1 m No. of pcs. = 6.1 (9) = 55 pcs. E. Capping: L = 6.1 m; No. of pcs. = 6.1 (9) = 55 pcs. F. Internal Corner Angel Bead = 4 pcs. G. Internal Corner Angle Capping = 4 pcs. H. External Corner Angle Bead = 2 pcs. I. Portland cement paste: refer on 38 No. of bags = 0.08 (2.59 + 9.15) = 1 bag

J.

White cement mortar: No. of kls. = 1(2.59 + 9.15) = 12 kls. K. Matls for setting preparation: class A Cement = 0.012 (11.74) (8.5) = 2 bags Lime 0.012 (11.74) (8.5) = 2 bags Sand = 0.012 (11.74) (0.9) = 0.5 cu. m. Reinforcing Bars In a certain building plan, 10 columns have identical cross-section and height. Estimate the needed rebars and tiewire. 1. Vertical bars: using 16mm x 6.0m bar No. of pcs. = 4 x 10 = 40 pacs. Vert. Bar 2. Lateral tie: using 6mm x 6.0 m bar Refer to table 6-3 43; for 9 x 9 lateral tie, n = 5 L = 10 (5.5) = 55m; S = 0.20m N = (L/S + 1) + n = (55/0.2 + 1) + 5 = 56 pcs. Order 56 pcs. Of 6mm x 6.0 m lateral tie 3. Tie wire V = 4 bars; L = 55m; S = 0.20 m N = 0.0056 (L/S + 1) V = 0.0056 (55/ 0.2 + 1) 4 = 6.5 Order 6.5 kls. Of no. 16 tie wire CHB Reinforcement Copute the require 10 mm x 6.0 m deformed rebars of a masonry fence 2.0m high and 100 m in perimeter. It is reinforced with vertical bars spaced at 0.80m o.c. and a horizontal bar at every three layers. Solution: Referring to Table 6-6 Area of masonry fence = 2 x 100 = 200 sq.m. For vertical rebars: No. of pcs. = 200 (1.5) + 6 = 50 pcs. For horizontal rebars: No. of pcs = 200 (1.9) + 6 = 64 pcs.

COMMON NAILS AND SPIKES STEEL, CUT NAILS AND SPIKES LENGTH NO. PER KILO INCH NAILS SPIKES 1 1/ 2 690 1 3/ 4 590 2 390 1 1/ 4 350 2 1/ 2 190 3 130 3 1/ 2 72 37 4 50 30 4 1/ 2 35 22 5 26 19 5 1/ 2 22 17 6 17 15 STEEL, WIRE NAILS AND SPIKES LENGTH NO. PER KILO INCH NAILS SPIKES 1 1/ 2 1 3/ 4 2 345 2 1/ 4 2 1/ 2 215 3 150 3 1/ 2 107 66 4 68 50 4 1/ 2 52 37 5 89 28 5 1/ 2 80 22 6 24 19 Standard Conversion for Welding Pcs./ pack Cerlicon 60 5/32 3/16 1/6 Chamfer Rod 1/6 5/32 Supercito 70 5/32 1/8 Arcair 1/ 4 5/16 Gencord 6013 3/16 127 81 185 Pcs./ box 123 76 76 110 Pcs./ box 50 50 Pcs./ pack 50 Packs/ box 4 4 4 Kg../ box 20 20 20 4 4 4 4 20 20

PENNY SIZE 4d 5d 6d 7d 8d 10d 16d 20d 30d 40d 50d 60d

PENNY SIZE 4d 5d 6d 7d 8d 10d 16d 20d 30d 40d 50d 60d

20

Mensuration Formulas Triangle Area = Parallelogram Area Trapezoid . Area = Circle Area = Circumference Ellipse .. Area = Cylinder Surface Volume Cone .. Surface Sphere Surface Volume 1/ 2 base x altitude = base x altitude 1/ 2 sum of parallel side times altitude 0.7854 x diameter = 3.1416 x radius = 3.1416 x diameter = 6.2832 x radius 0.7854 x short Diameter times long diameter = length x circumference plus area of ends = 0.7854 x length x (dia)2 = 1/ 2 slant height x circumference of base (curved only) = 3.1416 x (diameter)2 = circumference x diameter = 0.5236 x (diameter)2 = 1/6 circumference x (dia)2 = 2/ 3 volume of circumscribing cylinder

Material symbols PLANS AND SECTIONS Earth Concrete Block Brick Plaster or Sand Gypsum Tile Insulation (Loose or Rigid) Ceramic Tile-Small Scale Glass-Large Scale Glass-Small Scale Structural Steel Steel and Iron-Large Scale Steel and Iron-Small Scale Aluminum Wood-Continous Wood-Finish (Plan) Plywood-Large Scale Concrete (Normal) Concrete (High Density) Wood Blocking

Feet Head of Water to PSI Feet Head 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 NOTE: One foot of water at 62 Fahrenheit equal .433 pound pressure per square inch for any feet head not given in the table above, multiply the feet head by .433. Water Pressure to Feet Head Pounds Square Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Feet Head 2.31 4.62 6.93 9.24 11.54 13.85 16.16 18.47 20.78 23.09 34.63 46.18 57.72 69.27 92.36 115.45 138.54 161.63 184.72 207.81 Pounds Per Square Inch 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Feet Head 280.90 253.98 277.07 300.16 323.25 346.34 369.43 392.52 415.61 461.78 577.24 692.69 808.13 922.58 1154.48 1385.89 1616.30 1847.20 2078.10 2309.00 Pounds Per Square Inch .43 .87 1.30 1.73 2.17 2.60 3.03 3.46 3.90 4.33 6.50 8.66 10.83 12.99 17.32 21.65 25.99 30.32 34.64 38.98 Feet head 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Pounds Per Square Inch 43.31 47.64 51.97 56.30 60.63 64.96 69.29 73.63 77.96 86.62 108.27 129.93 151.58 173.24 216.55 259.85 303.16 346.47 389.78 433.00

NOTE: One pound of pressure per square inch of water equals 2.309 feet of water at 62 Fahrenheit. Therefore, to find the feet head of water for any pressure not given in the table above, multiply the pressure pounds per square inch by 2.309. Simplified Table for Conversion Table 11-1 Inches 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 NOTE: Conversion Meter to feet = divide the length by 30 Ex: 6.00 + .30 = 20 ft. Feet to meter = multiply feet by .30 Ex: 30 ft. x .30 = 9.00 meters Meter .025 .050 .075 .100 .125 .150 .175 .200 .225 .250 .275 .300 .325 .350 .375 .400 .425 .450 .475 .500 Inches 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Meter .525 .550 .575 .600 .625 .650 .675 .700 .725 .750 .775 .800 .825 .850 .875 .900 .925 .950 .975 1.000

Conversion from Inches to Meter Table 11-2 Inches 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Meter .0254 .0508 .0762 .1016 .1270 .1524 .1778 .2032 .2286 .2540 Inches 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Meter .5334 .5588 .5842 .6096 .6350 .6604 .6858 .7112 .7366 .7620

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

.2794 .3048 .3302 .3556 .3810 .4064 .4318 .4572 .4826 .5080

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

.7874 .8128 .8382 .8636 .8890 .9144 .9398 .9652 .9906 1.0160

Values given are accurate from English to Metric.