Giao Trinh DTTT

PHAN I
LY THUYET
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Trang 1
Chng 1: MACH LOC TCH CC

1-1 Ham truyen co ap ng phang toi a:
Con goi la ham Butterworth. Khi bac cua bo loc tang len, tan so cat khong thay oi,
nhng o doc cua bo loc tang dan en ly tng. Khi thiet ke cac bo loc bac cao: 3, 4, 5 ta da
vao bang cac ham Butterworth a chuan hoa.
1-2 Mach loc tch cc bac nhat
a- Mach loc thong thap bac nhat: LTT1
R1
+
-
C1
R3
V2(S)
R2
Bo khuech ai ao
Ham truyen: H(S) =
A V0
V2 (S)
=
V1 (S) 1 + R 1C1S
(1)
H(S)
AV0
0
A V0 = 1 +
C =
R2
R3
(2)
1
R 2 C1
C1
R2
R1
Bo khuech ai khong ao
Trang 2
(3)
A V0
V2 (S)
=
V1 (S) 1 + R 2 C1S
Ham truyen: H(S) =
R2
R1
(2)
1
R 2 C1
(3)
A V0 =
C =
(1)
b- Mach loc thong cao bac nhat
C1
R1
Ham truyen: H(S) =
R2
+
V2 (S)
=
V1 (S)
H(S)
V2(S)
A V0
1
1+
C1 R 1 S
(1)
AV0
1 =
A V0 =
t =
R2
R1
(2)
1
R 1 C1
(3)
1-3 Mach loc tch cc bac hai
C1
a- Mach LTT2
R
R
V1(S)
C2
1
C1 R 1
R
C2
V2(S)
Mach hoi tiep am mot vong
Trang 3
AV0 = 1
20 =
R=
(1)
1
R C1 C 2
(2)
2
2 0 C 1
C2 =
(3)
1
R 2 C1
(4)
2
0
R1
V1(S)
C2
R2
C1
+
R3
V2(S)
Mach hoi tiep am 2 vong

A V0 =
20 =
R2
R1
(1)
1
C1 C 2 R 2 R 3
Neu chon:
(2)
C 2 4 b 2 (1 + A V 0
=
C1
b12
(3)
R2 =
b1
4f0 C1
(4)
R1 =
R2
A V0
(5)
R3 =
b2
4 f C1 C 2 R 2
(6)
2 2
0
C2
V1(S)
R1
R2
C1
+
-
R3
V2(S)
R4
Mach LTT2 dung hoi tiep dng
Trang 4
Trng hp 1: AV0 = 1 (R3 = 0).

Neu chon
C 2 4b 2
= 2
C1
b1
Th R 1 = R 2 =
20 =
(1)
b1
4f0 C1
(2)
1
R 1 R 2 C1 C 2
(3)
Trng hp 2: R1 = R2 = R; C1 = C2 = C; AV0 1.
0 =
1
RC
(1)
R3
R4
(2)
R3
= 2 2 = 0,59
R4
(3)
A V0 = 3 2 = 1 +
b- Mach LTC2
R2
V1(S) C1
C2
R1
+
-
R3
V2(S)
R4
Bo LTC dung hoi tiep dng

Trng hp 1: AV0 = 1 va C1 = C2 = C.
20 =
1
C R1R 2
(1)
R1 =
2
0 C
(2)
R2 =
R1
2
(3)
Trang 5
Trng hp 2: C1 = C2 = C; R1 = R2 = R;
0 =
1
RC
R3
= 3 2
R4
(2)
R3
= 2 2 = 0,59
R4
(3)
A V0 = 1 +
(1)
c- Mach LTD2:
C2
R3
C1
V1(S) R1
R2
V2(S)
Bo LTD hoi tiep am 2 vong

Xet trng hp C1 = C2 = C ta co:
f0 =
R1 + R1
1
1
=
2C R 1 R 2 R 3 2C R' R 3
A V0 =
(1)
R
Q
= 3
R 1C 0 2R 1
(2)
Q=
1
1 R 3 (R 1 + R 2 )
0 R 3C =
2
2
R1R 2
(3)
D=
f0
1
=
Q R 3 C
(4)
H
Q
min max
D
Trang 6
R' =
R1R 2
R1 + R 2
(5)
ieu kien: A0L > 2Q2.
R2
C2
C1
R1
LTD bac 2
Ham truyen: H(S) =
Z2
SC1 R 2
=
Z1 (1 + SC1 R 1 )(1 + SC 2 R 2 )
(1)
H(dB)
A
-40dB
0
f3
f1
f2
f1 =
1
2R 1C1
(2)
f2 =
1
2R 2 C 2
(3)
f3 =
1
2C1 R 2
(4)
A V 0 (dB) = 10 lg
f1
f3
Trang 7
Chng 2: KHUECH AI CONG SUAT CAO TAN

(KCSCT)
2-1 Goc cat cua bo KCSCT:
ib
iC
D
Imax
C
A 0 V B
Vmin
Vmax
Vm
Vm
Vb
t Imax
t0
T
Hnh 2-1 Dang ac tuyen ong va gian o thi gian cua

dong ien che o C
Goc cat tnh theo o: 0 = 180 0
T t0
T
(1)
Cac thanh phan dong ien ra c tnh da theo he so phan giai xung dong ien ra cua
Transistor:
Thanh phan trung bnh mot chieu:

I 0 = I max . 0 () = I m 0 ()
Thanh phan hai bac nhat:

I 1 = I max . 1 () = I m 1 ()
Thanh phan hai bac n:
I n = I max . n () = I m n ()
2-2 Cac mode hoat ong cua bo KCSCT lp C dung Transistor
hfe
0 = hFE
0,7070
1
0
0,3f
fthap
ftrungbnh
3f fT
fcao
Trang 8
Dai tan so lam viec cua Transistor c chia lam 3 oan:

-
f0 f: tan so thap, cac tham so c coi la khong thay oi; hfe = 0;
0,3f f0 3 f: tan so trung bnh, cac tham so cua Transistor thay oi va xuat hien
ien tr ky sinh (rbb), ien dung ky sinh (Cbe, Cbc)
0

1+ 0

-
h fe
f
1+ 0
f

(3)
f0 3 f: tan so cao, cac tham so cua Transistor thay oi, xuat hien rbb, Cbe, Cbc va
cac iem cam ky sinh Lks.
= j 0
= j 0
(4)
f0
Trong giao trnh ien t thong tin chu yeu chung ta se nghien cu bo KCSCT tan
so thap va tan so trung bnh va ch xet che o kem ap. (Transistor nh mo nguon
dong)
2-3 Bo KCSCT dung Transistor
1. Bo KCSCT dung Transistor che o kem ap mac Emitter chung.
Cng
Rn Cng
Lch
Lch
en
In
Rb
+
VBB
-
R1
rbe
be
LC
RE Cng
Cng
Cbe LC
M
CC
|hfe|ib
Rt1 CC
Cac bc thiet ke bo KCSCT khi cha ke en anh hng cua mach ghep au vao va
au ra (Chu y: cac bc thiet ke khong nhat thiet theo trnh t a ra)
0- Xac nh pham vi lam viec cua Transistor theo (2-2) e ve s o tng ng tn hieu nho
cho ung.
1- VCC = (0,5 0,8)VCEmax cho phep
2- Chon goc cat: = 600 900
Trang 9
3- Chon he so li dung ien ap: 1 = 0,85 0,95 = VCm1/VCC.

4- Xac nh bien o hai bac nhat tren Collector: VCm1 = 1VCC.
5- Xac nh cac dong ien:
I Cm1
I' n =
1 ()
; I n = I' n [1 + T C b'c 1 ()R t1 ]
i B = I' n cos t I BO ; I' n = I bm ; I BO =
; I CO =
C b'e [1 + T C b'c R t 1 ()]

1 ( )
Z iEC =
*
1
*
=
+
1 ()
C
C
1
;
b
'
e
b
'
c
*
jC b'
Neu ke ca rbe ta co: ZiEC = rbe//ZiEC

Neu rbe >> ZiEC ta co ZiEC ZiEC
Neu rbe so sanh c vi ZiEC ta co:
Z iEC =
rb 'e
1 + (rb'e C b'e 0 )
rb 'e

1+ 0

7- Bien o ien ap kch thch vao: Vbm1 = In|ZiEC|

8- Cong suat vao cua nguon kch thch:
Pi =
1 2
I' n . Z iEC
2
9- Xac nh tr khang nguon tng ng

n = R n C b 'e
= rb 'e C b'e =
h
1
= fe
T
e dong ien au vao khong b meo th: n =

0 ()
I Cm1
1 ()
C b 'e
C C R ()
; C *M = T b'e b'c t1 1
1 ( )
1 ( )
6- C'*b = C *b'e + C *M ; C *b'e =
C'*b =
I CO
Trang 10
h fe
1
=
T C b 'e C b 'e
Rn =
Rn
Zn =

1+ 0

10- Thien ap Base

*
VB VBE I' n Z n 0 ( )
*
0,7 I' n Z n 0 ( )
*
11- ien tr tai tng ng: Z L = R t =
VCm1
I Cm1
12- Cong suat nguon cung cap: PCC = ICOVCC.

13- Cong suat hu ch tren tai
PL =
2
1
1
1 VCm
1
VCm1 I Cm1 = I 2Cm1 R t =
2
2
2 R t
14- Cong suat tieu tan tren Collector: PC = PCC PL.

15- Hieu suat cua mach: =
PL
1 ()
= 1
PCC 2 0 ()
Trong thc te thng cong suat ra tren tai c biet trc nen ta co the tnh cac bc 0
4, 13, 11, 5, . . .
2. Bo KCSCT dung Transistor che o kem ap mac Base chung.
ie
Rn
In
*
0

1+ 0

rb'e
h fe
; C *b'e =
C*be
Cbc
|h*fb|ie
C b 'e
1
; Z iEC =
( )
jC *b 'e
Cac bc thiet ke tng t nh tren.
Trang 11
LC
Rt1 CC
16. f0 =
vi C C = C *b'c + C' C
L CCC
Rt1 = 0Q0LC L C =
CC =
R t1
vi Q0 = 50 100
0 Q 0
1
C' C = C C C b 'c
4 f L C
2 2
0
Neu au vao bo KCSCT co mach cong hng Lb, Cb th ta cung xac nh tng t nh
tren vi:
f0 =
1
LbCb
; Rt1 = 0Q0LC; C b =
1
4 f L b
2 2
0
C b = C *b' + C' b vi C*b tnh theo bc 6 tren.

2-4 Bo nhan tan dung Transistor
Cng
Cng
Lch
Lch
Lb
Lb
Cb
+
VBB
-
Rt1 C
b
Rb
LC
RE Cng
C*be
ib
rbe
CC
Cng
|h*fe|ib
LC
Rt2
CC
Muc ch cua bo nhan tan:

-
Nang cao tan so song mang
M rong thang tan so lam viec
Nang cao ch so ieu che trong may phat FM
Nang cao o on nh tan so v khong co hien tng hoi tiep ky sinh qua Cbc do tan so
hoat ong au vao va au ra khac nhau.
Tan so cong hng au vao:
V = 0 =
vi C *b'e =
1
LbCb
vi C b = C' b +C *b'e
C b 'e
; R t1 = 0 Q 01 L b
( )
Trang 12
Tan so cong hng au ra:

1
ra = k 0 =
L CCC
; R tn = k 0 Q 02 L C
Goc cat toi u cua bo nhan tan dung Transistor
T =
180
; k: he so nhan tan cua bo nhan
k
Cac bc thiet ke cua bo nhan tan:
0- Xac nh pham vi lam viec cua Transistor theo (2-2)

1- VCC = (0,5 0,8)VCEmax cho phep
2- Chon goc cat toi u: T =
180
k
3- Chon he so li dung ien ap:

k = 1 =0,85 0,95 = VCm1/VCC = VCmk/VCC
VCmk = kVCC
4- Xac nh xung dong hai bac k
*
ICmk = k () .I'm = k () .I bm1
5- Xac nh cong suat hu ch tren tai ng vi hai bac k

PLk =
6- ien
R tk
1
1 k ()
1 k
1 k
I Cmk VCmk =
I Cm1 VCm1 =
PL1 =
PL1
2
2 1 ()
2 1
2 1
tr cong hng tng

V
VCm1
= Cmk =
= 1 R t1
I Cmk
k
k
I Cm1
1
ng
cua
7- Hieu suat cua bo nhan tan:

k =
PLk
; vi PCC = ICO.VCC
PCC
8- Do khong co hien tng hoi tiep qua Cbc nen

I n = I' n = I bn =
I Cm1
*
1 ()
I Cmk
*
k ()
Trang 13
mach
ra
ng
vi
hai
bac
k:
iB = Incost IBO vi I BO =
I CO
*
1 0 ()
.
I Cmk
*
k ()
9- Tr khang vao cua tang

Z iEC =
Cb' e
1
; vi C *b' =
*
1 ( )
jC b'
Neu ke ca rbe ta co ZiEC = rbe//ZiEC (tnh nh tren)

10- Bien o ien ap kch thch vao: Vbm1 = In|ZiEC|
11- Cong suat cua nguon kch thch: Pi =
1 2
I n Z iEC
2
12- Z n , VB , PC tnh nh bo KCSCT

13- Tnh mach cong hng vao:
0 =
1
L bCb
; vi C b = C *b 'e + C' b ; L b =
R t1
0 Q 01
14- Tnh mach cong hng ra

k 0 =
1
L CCC
; vi L C =
R tn
k 0 Q 02
Trang 14
Chng 3: CAC MACH TAO DAO ONG

3-1 Cac van e chung ve mach tao dao ong
Bo tao dao ong tan so thap, trung bnh: dung bo khuech ai thuat toan + RC hoac
dung Transistor + RC.
Bo tao dao ong tan so cao: 0,3f f0 3f dung Transistor + LC hoac dung
Transistor + thach anh
Bo tao dao ong tan so sieu cao: dung Diode Tunel, Diode Gunn.
Cac tham so c ban cua mach dao ong: tan so dao ong, bien o ien ap ra, o on nh
tan so, cong suat ra, hieu suat.
Trong chng 3 ta ch xet mach dao ong LC, dao ong thach anh va ch xet ieu kien
dao ong cua mach
Bo khuech ai A
V1
Bo hoi tiep
-
He so khuech ai cua bo khuech ai

*
A = A exp( j A ) =
V2
*
V1
*
+ Modul he so khuech ai: A =
V2
*
V1
+ A goc di pha cua bo khuech ai.
He so truyen at cua bo hoi tiep

*
= exp( j ht )
*
+ Modul he so hoi tiep: =
V1
*
V2
+ B goc di pha cua bo hoi tiep
-
ieu kien pha e mach dao ong: = B + B = 0,2
Trang 15
V2
ieu kien bien bo e mach dao ong: A . 1
3-2 Bo dao ong LC dung Transistor

a- Mach tao dao ong 3 iem C kieu Colpits mac EC
Lch
+VCC
Cng
R2
C
E
R1
Cbe
RE
C1
L Vk
C2
Cng
C
E
C1
C2
L Vk
Cbe
B
Rb = R1//R2; Rb = Rb//rbe rbe (neu Rb >> rbe)

Cac bc thiet bo tao dao ong 3 iem C:
1- Xac nh pham vi tan so lam viec cua mach

2- Xac nh ieu kien pha
X1 = X BE =
1
1
< 0 ; X 2 = X CE =
< 0;
C 2
C1
X3 = XCB = L > 0
3- Xac nh he so hoi tiep
=
-
VBE
C
1 = n
VCE
C2
(1)
Ta thng biet f0, L t o suy ra:

C t =
C1 C 2
1
=
4 f L C1 + C 2
(2)
2 2
0
n co the tnh theo cong thc (3-45) nhng nhieu khi khong u d lieu e tnh
Neu mach lam viec tan so thap ta co the chon
Trang 16
n = 0,01 0,05, t o tnh C1, C2.

-
Neu mach lam viec tan so trung bnh, e mach hoat ong o nh ta chon: C2 =
10Cbe C2 = 11Cbe roi t (2) tnh C1, thay vao (1) tnh n
4- He so khuech ai cua s o mac EC

A = SZ C =
h 21e
h 11e
h 11
2
p R K // n 2
(3)
tan so thap: h21e = hfe, h11e = hie = rbe
tan so trung bnh: | h 21e |=
h fe

1+ 0

; rb'e =
1
2f .C b'e
Rk = 0LQ0 thng biet trc 0, L, Q0
p: he so ghep au ra cua Transistor vi khung cong hng
p=
VCE
VK
(4)
C1 C 2
C + C2
C2
1
= 1
=
=
C1
C1 + C 2 1 + n
*
(5)
*
5- ieu kien bien o e mach dao ong: A . 1
(6)
b- Mach tao dao ong 3 iem C kieu Colpits mac BC
C1
Cng
R1
RE
C2
R2
Cbe
+VCC
C1
C2
L Vk
L Vk
Cbe
Trang 17
Gia thiet RE >> hib

-
Bc 1 va 2 lam nh tren, thng mach mac BC lam viec tan so thap.
Bc 3: He so hoi tiep: p =
VCE
VK
C1 C 2
C + C2
C1
= 1
=
C2
C1 + C 2
Neu mach lam viec tan so thap ta co the chon n = 0,1

Ct thng tnh c.
Neu mach lam viec tan so trung bnh, tnh nh tren
Bc 4: A = SZ C =
h 21b
h 11b
h 11
2
p R K // n 2
tan so thap: h21b 1, h11b = hie/hfe

tan so trung bnh:
*
| h 21b |=
1 + 0
T
; h 11b =
1
2fT C b'e
Rk tnh nh tren.
He so ghep au ra cua Transistor vi khung cong hng:
p=
VBC VBC
=
=1
VK
VBC
*
Bc 5: ieu kien bien o e mach dao ong: A . 1
c- Mach tao dao ong 3 iem C kieu Clapp mac EC

Lch
+VCC
Cng
R2
C
E
R1
Cbe
RE
Cng
Trang 18
C1
L
C0
C2
B
Vk
0,5; t o tnh C1, C2 v
C
E
C1
Vk
L
C0
C2
B
Cac bc thiet ke tng t nh mach dao ong 3 iem C kieu Colpits mac EC, ch
khac ve Ct va he so ghep p cua Transistor vi khung cong hng.
f0 =
1
2 LC t
1
1
1
1
=
+
+
C t C1 C 2 C 0
vi
Neu ta chon C1, C2 >> C0 th Ct Co khi o nhanh cong hng noi tiep L, C0 se quyet
nh tan so cong hng cua mach va mach se on nh tan so hn
-
He so ghep p: p =
VCE C t C 0
=
VK
C1 C1
d- Mach tao dao ong 3 iem C kieu Clapp mac BC

Lch
+VCC
C
R2
Cng
C1
Vk
C0
C2
RE
R1
L
B
C
E
RE
C1
Vk
C0
C2
B
Cac bc thiet ke tng t nh mach dao ong 3 iem C kieu Colpits mac BC, ch khac
ve Ct va he so ghep p.
-
Khi biet f0, L ta tnh c Ct, ta se chon C0 ln hn Ct mot chut v du: Ct = 25pF th
ta chon C0 = 30pF.
He so ghep p: p =
VBC
C t
C + C2
=
= C t 1
C1 C 2
C1 C 2
VK
C1 + C 2
Trang 19
3-3 Cac mach dao ong dung thach anh

a- S o tng ng cua thach anh
Lq, Cq, rq la L, C, r cua thach anh (rq = 0)
Cp: ien dung gia (Cp = 10 100pF) (Cq = 0,01 0,1pF)
Lq
Cp
rq
Cq
Tan so cong hng noi tiep: q =
Tan so cong hng song song:
p =
Lq
CqCp
Cq + Cp
Cp
(1)
LqCq
= q 1 +
Cq + Cp
Cq
Cq
q 1 +
2C
Cp
p
Tr khang tng cua thach anh:

Zq = Xq = j0Lt
(3)
2
Vi L t =
0
1

q
2
0
2
Cp
0 C p + C q

(4)
e thay oi tan so cong hng rieng cua thach anh ta mac CS noi tiep vi thach anh:
CS
TA
2
1 C q + C p + C S 0 L q C q (C p + C S )
Z t =
jC S
C p + C q 20 L q C q C p
khi o tan so cong hng noi tiep cua mach se la
Trang 20
(5)
f ' q = fq 1 +
Cq
(6)
C p + CS
f 1 C q
fq 2 C p + C s
e giam anh hng cua Cp ngi ta mac tu C0 song song vi Cq
Cq
f p = fq 1 +
fq neu C 0 >> C p
C0 + Cq
b- Mach tao dao ong dung thach anh vi tan so cong hng song song
+VCC
Cng
Lch
R2
Cng
R1
C1
RE
Cng
C2
LTA
C1
LtTA
C2
e mach dao ong theo kieu 3 iem C kieu Colpits, thach anh phai tng ng nh
cuon cam, ngha la: q < 0 < p
Thc te 0 p nhng e tnh toan n gian do p q ta coi 0 =
Cq
p = q 1 +
2C
p
Lt
q
0
Ct
(1)
(2)
jXq
p + q
p
Ct
Trang 21
Biet 0 , Cq, Cp ta tnh c q

1
.C q
ien cam rieng cua thach anh: L q =
ien cam tng ng cua thach anh:
(3)
2
q
1

q
L t = 2
0 C p + C q 20 L q C q C p
(4)
Z tTA = j 0 L t
-
C t =
(5)
C1C 2
1
=
L t C1 + C 2
(6)
2
0
Cac phan con lai tnh toan tng t nh mach dao ong 3 iem C kieu Colpits mac
EC.
C1
RE
C2
TA
Mach B.C
Ap dung cac cong thc (1) (6) tren va cac cong thc trong mach dao ong 3
iem C kieu Colpits mac BC.
Khi tu CS mac noi tiep vi thach anh no ong vai tro nh tu C0 trong mach dao ong 3
iem C kieu Clapp. Khi tnh Lt, Ct ta se chon CS ln hn Ct mot chut, roi tnh C1, C2
nh cac mach tren.
c- Mach tao dao ong dung thach anh vi tan so cong hng noi tiep
Z3
B
R
Z1
Z2
Trong loai mach nay thach anh ong vai tro

mach hoi tiep. Ch ung tai tan so cong hng noi
tiep cua thach anh th Zq 0 khi o B B va mach
se hoat ong nh 3 iem C kieu Colpits hoac Clapp
va cung co the mac EC hay BC
Trang 22
3-4 Mach tao dao ong RC

n gian va thong dung nhat la mach dao ong cau Wiew
D2
R2
R1
D1
+
R
Vin
Vout
C
1
RC
Tan so dao ong: =
ieu kien dao ong ve bien o: A . = A . + 1
Ma + =
-
*
1
nen A = 3
3
*
Mat khac A = 1 +
R1
= 3 R 1 = 2R 2
R2
Trang 23
Chng 4: IEU CHE TNG T

4-1 ieu bien
a- Pho cua tn hieu ieu bien va quan he nang lng trong ieu bien.
V
t
Vo
t
VAM
V0
mV0
2
VAM
0 -
0 0 +
V(t) = Vcost
(1)
V0(t) = V0cos0t
(2)
VAM(t) = V0(1+mcost)cos0t
(3)
m=
V
(< 1)
V0
VAM (t ) = V0 cos 0 t +
-
(4)
mV0
mV0
cos( 0 + )t +
cos( 0 )t
2
2
Cong suat tai tin: P0 =
V02
2R L
(6)
Trang 24
m2
2
Cong suat hai bien tan: Pbt = P0
m2
Cong suat ieu bien: PAM = P0 + Pbt = P0 1 +

2
He so li dung cong suat: k =
Cong suat ieu bien ln nhat: PAM max = P0 (1 + m )
(7)
Pbt
PAM
(8)
(9)
2
(10)
ay la ieu kien e chon Transistor sao cho

PAMmax < PCmax
b- ieu bien Collector

ien ap Collector bien oi theo ien ap am tan:
*
(11)
VCC = VCC + V cos t
vi =
VCm1
1
VCC
e am bao Transistor khong b anh thung, phai thoa man ieu kien:
V0 + V VCE max = BVCEO
(12)
(2) V0 + mV0
= V0 (1 + m ) VCC (1 + m ) 2VCC VCE max oi vi ieu bien th

(13)
VCC 0,5VCE max
Neu au ra cua mach ieu bien la mach loc co hieu suat CH th ieu bien Collector
co cong suat nh la:
P' AM max =
P0 (1 + m )
PC max cho phep
CH
2
(14)
ay la ieu kien e chon Transistor co PCmax cho phep
e thiet ke bo ieu bien Collector ta se tien hanh theo hai phan nh sau:
PA
PAM
P0 =
khi a biet P0 ta tien hanh cac
CH
m2
1 +
bc thiet ke nh oi vi mach KCSCT (muc 2-3)
Cho trc PAm PAM =
Thiet ke phan ieu bien: V = mV0 = mVCm1
Trang 25
Pho cua ieu bien VAM (t ) (theo 3) va ve pho
Tnh cong suat hai bien tan (theo 7).
Tnh he so li dung cong suat k (theo 9).
Kiem tra ieu kien ien ap (theo 12)
Kiem tra ieu kien cong suat (theo 14).
4-2 ieu tan va ieu pha

a- Quan he gia ieu tan va ieu pha
Dao ong ieu hoa song mang:
V0 (t ) = V0 cos( 0 t + 0 ) = V0 cos (t )
Tn hieu ieu che am tan: V (t ) = V cos t
(1)
(2)
Tn hieu ieu tan
sin t + 0
FM: VFM (t ) = V0 cos 0 t +
(3)
Trong o: (t ) = 0 + cos t
(4)
Vi : lng di tan cc ai
Ch so ieu tan: m f = k
V
=
; he so ty le
(5)
Tn hieu ieu pha PM:

VPM (t ) = V0 cos[ 0 t + cos t + 0 ]
(6)
Trong o: (t ) = 0 + cos t
(7)
Vi : lng di pha cc ai
Ch so ieu pha: m p = kV =
(8)
vi k: he so ty le
Quan he gia o di tan va o di pha:

=
d ()
= .. sin t
dt
(9)
Trang 26
T 3, 6, 9 ta nhan thay ch can biet tn hieu ieu tan FM se tm c tn hieu ieu pha PM
va ngc lai.
b- Pho cua tn hieu ieu tan va ieu pha
In(m)
I0
I1
I2
0 -
0 0 - 2
0 0 + 0 + 2
I1
Khi ch tnh cac thanh phan Im(mf) 0,01I0(mf) th be rong dai tan cua tn hieu ieu
tan chiem la:
(1)
D FM = 2 m f + m f + 1 max
Khi mf > 1 ta co bieu thc gan ung:

DFM 2mfmax 2
(2)
goi la ieu tan bang rong

-
Khi mf < 1 DFM 2max
(3)
Goi la ieu tan bang hep

e mf const khi tan so thay oi pha phat phai co mach pre-emphasis va pha thu co
mach de-emphasis.
c- ieu tan bang Varicap
RD
CD

C V = C in
+ e
(1)
Cin: ien dung ban au khi e = 0
: hieu ien the tiep xuc si 0,7V
Trang 27
1 1
n: he so phu thuoc loai varicap n = , ,1,2.
3 2
e = Vpc + e
(2)
vi Vpc: ien ap phan cc ban au cho varicap

(3)
e = V cos t + V0 cos 0 t
CV
VC1
VC0
VC2
Vpc
V
Trong thc te ta phai tm moi cach e giam anh hng cua ien ap cao tan tren varicap,
(4)
khi o: e = V cos t
Goi ien ap AC tren varicap a chuan hoa: x =
CV0

= C in
+ Vpc
e
+ Vpc
(5)
(6)
C V = (1 + x ) C V 0
n
(7)
Tuy theo cach mac varicap vao khung cong hng ta co the tnh gan ung o di tan do
varicap gay ra theo ien ap ieu che V.
CV0
C3
CV0
C4
c
V
fa 0,5nf0
+ Vpc
CV0
(8)
Trang 28
V C V 0
f b 0,5nf0
+ Vpc C V 0 + C 3
(9)
V C V 0
fc 0,5nf0
+ Vpc C V 0 + C 4
(10)
Mac Varicap n:
+VCC
Ra
LK
R2
R
Cng
R1
RE
Lch
CV0
C
C
R
LK
RE
CV0
B
VCC
V
th VRE = CC tao phan cc ngc cho varicap. ien tr R thng
2
2
c chon vai tram k. Do dong tren R bang 0 nen VR = 0V. e thiet ke mach ieu tan
varicap can tien hanh 2 phan
Neu chon VCEQ =
Phan th nhat: thiet ke e mach thoa man ieu kien dao ong ve pha va bien o
(giong phan 3-2-b).
Phan th hai: thiet ke mach ieu tan varicap. Tuy theo cach mac varicap vao khung
cong hng theo s o a, b, c ma chon cong thc (8) hoac (9) hoac (10) e tnh
V = f (f ) .
+
Tnh f1 = f0 - f C td1 =
1
CV1
4 f L
Tnh f2 = f0 - f C td 2 =
1
CV2
4 f L
Ve ac tuyen CV = f(V).
2 2
1
2 2
2
Trang 29
Mac varicap ay keo:

Lch
Cng
CV1
VR
Lch
CV2
R2
V
Cng
R1
RE
+VCC
L
E
C2
Cng
C1
C
C2
RE
E
C1
CV2 L
ch
CV1
B
S o mac varicap ay keo triet tieu c hoan toan song cao tan tren varicap nen cac cong
C V1 C V 2
C
C
thc 8, 9, 10 tren c tnh chnh xac hn. C V 0 =
= V1 = V 2 neu C V1 = C V 2 .
C V1 + C V 2
2
2
Ve ly thuyet C V 0 (1 100 pF ) , tren thc te gia tr hay gap C V 0 = 10 50 pF ; v du
C V1 = C V 2 = 50 pF C V 0 = 25pF .
Cac bc thiet ke c tien hanh nh 2 phan tren

d- On nh tan so trung tam cua tn hieu ieu tan
Cac bien phap on nh tan so trung tam f0 c xep t n gian en phc tap:
-
ieu tan trc tiep bang thach anh: o di tan hep, ch dung trong phat thoai quoc te.
S dung thach anh lam bo dao ong: o di tan hep.
On nh nguon cung cap, s dung cac ien tr bu nhiet.
Ha thap tan so trung gian cua bo ieu tan e nang cao o on nh tan so.
S dung he thong t ong ieu chnh tan so AFC-F: ch ieu chnh tho.
S dung he thong t ong ieu chnh tan so hon hp AFC-F va AFC-P: AFC-F ieu
chnh tho, con AFC-P ieu chnh tinh a f 0 .
Trang 30
Chng 5: VONG GI PHA PLL

5-1 Nhng u, khuyet iem cua vong gi pha PLL
u iem:
-
Kha nang lam viec tan so cao.
S oc lap ve kha nang chon loc va ieu hng tan so trung tam.
Nhng linh kien ben ngoai t.
De dang trong viec ieu hng
Khuyet iem:
-
S thieu thon thong tin ve bien o tn hieu.
T ong ieu chnh he so khuech ai kho.
5-2 S o khoi va nguyen ly hoat ong cua PLL
Vi(t) = Visinit
Bo so
pha
Vp(t)
Vo(t) = Vocos(ot + )
LTT
Vd(t)
VCO
S o khoi cua PLL
Vong ieu khien pha co nhiem vu phat hien va ieu chnh nhng sai sot ve tan so
gia tn hieu vao va tn hieu ra, ngha la PLL lam cho tan so ra 0 cua tn hieu song
song bam theo tan so vao i cua tn hieu vao.
Khi tn hieu vao a lot vao dai bat cua PLL, th tan so f0 cua VCO se bam theo tan so
vao i .
5-3 Mot so ng dung cua PLL.
Tach song tn hieu ieu tan.
Tach song tn hieu ieu bien.
Tong hp tan so.
Trang 31
Nhan tan so bang khoa hai PLL.
ieu che tan so (FSK) va ieu che pha (PSK).
ong bo tan so.
Bo loc bam theo thong dai hoac loc chan.
Trang 32
Chng 6: MAY PHAT

6-1 nh ngha va phan loai may phat
Mot so ch tieu ky thuat c ban cua may phat:

-
Cong suat ra cua may phat.
o on nh tan so:
Ch so ieu che AM (m), ch so ieu tan FM (mf)
Dai tan so ieu che.
f
= 10 3 10 7
f0
6-2 S o khoi tong quat cua cac loai may phat
S o khoi tong quat cua may phat ieu bien (AM).
S o khoi tong quat cua may phat n bien (SSB).
S o khoi tong quat cua may phat ieu tan (FM).
S o khoi tong quat cua may phat FM stereo.
6-3 Cac mach ghep trong may phat

Yeu cau chung oi vi cac mach ghep.
Phoi hp tr khang.
am bao dai thong D.
am bao he so loc hai cao.
ieu chnh mach ghep.
Cac loai mach ghep c ban.
Ghep bien ap.
Ghep ho cam.
Ghep hai mach cong hng.
6-4 Cac mach loc c ban trong may phat
Trang 33
a- Mach loc n.
Ri
RL
Vi
He so pham chat cua mach vao:

Qi =
X L 0 L
=
Ri
Ri
(1)
He so pham chat cua mach ra:
Q0 =
RL
= 0 CR L
XC
(2)
He so pham chat tng ng cua mach:

Q t =
Q i xQ 0
Qi + Q0
(3)
e truyen at cong suat ln nhat va ap tuyen tan so bang phang nhat ta co

Q
1
(5)
Q i = Q 0 Q t = i (4) vi tan so loc cua mach: 0 =
2
LC
b- Mach loc n.
Ri
L
C2
C1
RL
Vi
Khi mach oi xng C1 = C2 =C.
Qi = Q0 =
vi 0 =
RL
R
= i
XC XC
(1)
(2)
C
L
2
Khi mach bat oi xng: C1 C2 ta co.
Trang 34
X C1 =
Ri + R
1
=
Q t
0 C1
(1)
X C2 =
RL + R
1
=
Q t
0 C 2
(2)
(3)
X L = X C1 + X C 2
vi R = R i R L
(4)
Q t = Q i + Q 0
(5)
c- Mach loc oi.
Ri
L2
L1
C1
C2
C3
RL
Vi
X C1 =
R i Q t + R
Q 2t 1
(1)
X C2 =
X C1 X C3
R
(2)
X C3 =
R L Q t + R
9
Q 2t 1
(3)
R = RiRL
(4)
X L1 = X C1 + X C 2
(5)
X L 2 = X C2 + X C3
(6)
Q t =
Qi + Q0
2
(7)
Trang 35
Chng 7: MAY THU

7-1 nh ngha va phan loai may thu:
Mot so ch tieu ky thuat c ban cua may thu:

+
o nhay: bieu th kha nang thu tn hieu yeu cua may thu ma van am bao:
-
Cong suat ra danh nh PL.
Ty so tn hieu tren nhieu (S/N).
o chon loc: la kha nang chen ep cac dang nhieu khong phai la tn hieu can thu:
A
SE = 0 1
Af
Chat lng lap lai tin tc
7-2 S o khoi tong quat cua may thu:

+
S o khoi tong quat mach khuech ai trc tiep.
S o khoi tong quat mach oi tan AM va FM.
S o khoi tong quat mach n bien (SSB).
7-3 Mach vao may thu:
Mot so ch tieu ky thuat cua mach vao:

+
He so truyen at: A MV =
o chon loc S E =
Dai thong D (BW)
Tan oan lam viec.
V0
EA
(1)
A0
Af
(2)
a- Anh hng cua Anten hoac tang au en mach vao
g0
m2Ci
m2gi
Trang 36
Tan so cong hng cua mach vao: 0 =
1
LC
(1)
ien dan tng ng luc cong hng:
d
1
= g 0 = d 0 0 C = 0
R t
0 L
vi d 0 =
(2)
1
he so ton hao
Q0
(3)
Khi co anh hng cua ien dan anten:
(4)
Y = g a + j 0 C A
hoac ien dan cua mach vao tang khuech ai au:

(5)
Y = g i + j 0 C A
ien dan tong ng cua mach cong hng tr thanh:

g t = g 0 + m 2 g i
(6)
C t = C + m 2 C i
(7)
He so pham chat cua mach cong hng se giam t Q0 xuong Qi theo quan he:
Q
g
m 2gi
d
= 0 = t = 1 +
d0
Q
g0
g0
(8)
Neu C = m 2 C i (9) kha nho th o sai lech tan so cong hng se la:
f 0
1 C
1 m 2Ci
f0
2 C
2 C
Nguyen tac xac nh he so mac mach (m)
Mc tang ton hao khong vt qua gii han cho phep.
S bien thien cua tham so anten va dan nap vao tang au khong gay anh hng
en ch tieu cua mach vao.
Cac mach loc nhieu lot thang (nhieu tan so trung gian)
b- Cac mach ghep anten vi mach cong hng vao
+
f < 30MHz CA = 50 250pF; rA = 20 60.
f > 30MHz CA = 10 20pF; rA = 10.
Trang 37
7-4 Bo tron tan
Thc chat la mot tang khuech ai cao tang PF co hai tan so vao khac nhau va au ra bo
oi tan ta co vo so tan so mf ns nf th . V au ra bo oi tan ta at mot mach cong hng tai
tan so trung gian: ftg = fns fth
+
bang song trung va ngan: ftg = 455KHz
bang song FM: ftg = 10,7MHz
7-5 Tach song

a- Nhng ch tieu ky thuat c ban cua bo tach song bien o.
He so truyen at: A TS =
V0 TS
V
=
ViTS mV0
(1)
Tr khang vao cua bo tach song: Z iTS =
Meo phi tuyen: =
I 22 m + I 32m + ...
I 1m
ViTS
I iTS
(2)
(3)
.100%
b- Tach song Diode

Tach song noi tiep: Da vao qua trnh phong nap cua tu ta se co dang ien ap am
tan a tach song tren ien tr tai RL.
LK
CK
ieu kien e tu C loc tan so trung gian au vao:

1
<< R
C
(1)
ieu kien e RC khong gay meo tn hieu la:

1 m2
RC
m
(2)
V vay trong thc te m 1 (m 0,7 0,8)

+
ien tr vao tach song: R i =
R
2
Trang 38
(3)
e tnh R ta da vao bang sau:

SR
20
50
100
200
1000
ATS
0,75
0,84
0,89
0,93
0,98
Tach song song song t c dung do R i =
R
3
c- Tach song tan so

Yeu cau cua bo tach song tan so.
dV0 TS
df
He so truyen at cao Smax ln: S f =
ac tuyen truyen at phang trong mot pham vi tan so rong.
ien ap vao khong can ln.
e V0 TS = f (f ) ma khong phu thuoc bien o ien ap vao nen trc bo tach

song tan so can co bo han che bien o.
ac tuyen truyen at phai oi xng qua goc toa o f (f ) = f (f )
Co 3 nguyen tac e thc hien tach song tan so.
Bien tn hieu vao FM thanh tn hieu AM, roi dung tach song bien o e tach
song thng dung IC chuyen dung nh IC e tach song.
Bien tn hieu FM thanh tn hieu ieu che o rong xung roi thc hien tach song
tn hieu o rong xung nh mot mach tch phan.
Lam cho tan so cua tn hieu FM bam theo tan so VCO cua PLL, ien ap sai so
chnh la ien ap can tach song.
Trang 39
PHAN II
BAI TAP
Trang 40
Chng 1: MACH LOC TCH CC

Bai 1.3 Thiet ke bo LLT bac 2 co tan so cat tren fc = 1Khz, C1 = 0,1F, |Av0| = 1 trong hai
trng hp:
1. Bo LLT co hoi tiep dng.

2. Bo LLT co hoi tiep am nhieu vong.
Bo LLT co hoi tiep dng.
C2
V1(S)
H(S) =
R1
V2(S)
1
1 + C1 (R 1 + R 2 ) 0 S + 20 C1C 2 R 1 R 2 S2
1442443 1442443
b 2 =1
b1 = 2
Chon:
+
-
R2
C1
C 2 4 b 2 4 .1
= 2 =
=2
C1
2
b1
C2 = 2C1 = 2x0,1F = 0,2F

R1 = R 2 =
b1
2
=
1123
4f0 C1 4.3,14.10 310 7
Bo LLT hoi tiep am hai vong.

C1
R2
V1(S)
A v0 =
R1
C2
R3
+
-
R2
b1
= 1 R1 = R 2 =
R1
4f0 C1
R1 = R 2 =
2
1122,6
4.3,14.10 310 7
C 2 4 b 2 1 + A v0
4.1.2
=
=
=4
2
C1
2
b1
Trang 41
V2(S)
C2 = 4C1 = 4x0,1F = 0,4F

R3 =
b2
2 2
4 f0 C1C 2 R 2
1
557
4.10.10 10 .4.10 7.1122,6
6
Bai 1.6 Thiet ke bo LLT bac 3 co tan so cat tren fc = 1Khz, C1 = 0,16F, Av0 = 3.
C
R2
R1
V1(S)
R3
V2(S)
V2(S)
+
-
R4
C
R5
R6
V cho moi C bang nhau nen ch co the dung bo LLT2 hoi tiep dng 1 vong.
Theo bang Butterworth ta co: B3(S) = (S+1)(S2 + S + 1), (b22 = 1; b12 = 1).
LLT1: R1 =
1
1
=
= 1K
3
C .C 6,28.10 .0,16.10 6
A v0 =
R2
= 3 R 2 = 3R 1 = 3x10 3 = 3K
R1
LLT2: Chon R 3 = R 4 =
A v0 = 1 +
1
1
=
= 1K
3
0 C 6,28.10 .0,16.10 6
R5
= 3 2 = 1,59
R6
R5
= 0,59
R6
Chon R6 = 1K R5 = 590.
Bai 1.8 Thiet ke bo LLT bac 4 co tan so cat tren fc = 1Khz, tat ca cac C = 0,16F.
V tat ca cac tu ien bang nhau nen chon s o hoi tiep dng mot vong la n gian
nhat. Khi o ta cung chon cac R bang nhau.
.
V (S)
1
C2
R1
R2
C1
+
-
C4
R3
R5
R6
C3
R4
+
-
V2(S)
R7
R8
Trang 42
B4(S) = (S2 + 0,765S + 1)(S2 + 1,848S + 1)
Mat loc 1:
b21 = 1; b11 = 0,765
C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 = 0,16F
R1 = R 2 = R 5 = R 6 =
1
1
=
= 1K
3
0 C 6,28.10 .0,16.10 6
R3
R
3 = 1,235
R4
R4
A v01 = 3 0,765 = 1 +
Chon R4 = 1K R3 = 1235.
Mat loc 2:
A v02 = 3 1,848 = 1 +
R7
R
7 = 0,152
R8
R8
Chon R8 = 1K R7 = 0,152. R8 = 152.
Bai 1.5 Thiet ke bo loc thong dai LTD bac 2 co tan so cong hng f0 = 10Khz; D = 2000Hz;
Av0 = 10; C1 = C2 = 0,1F.
C2
C1
V1(S) R1
R3
R2
Q0 =
f0
10 4
=
=5
D 2.10 3
R3 =
1
1
=
= 1,6K
DC 3,14.2.10 3.10 7
R1 =
R3
1,6.10 3
=
= 80
2A V 0
20
R' =
1
20 .R 3 .C 2
V2(S)
R 1R 2
1
100
R2 = 20.
=
16 =
14
3
6,4
R1 + R 2
4 .10 .1,6.10 .10
Trang 43
Bai 1.11 Thiet ke bo LTD bac 2 co F = 1000 3000Hz; A0(dB) = 10dB; C1 = 0,1F f1 =
1000Hz; f2 = 3000Hz.
H(dB)
1
1000
3000
C2
R2
V1(S)
R1 =
C1
R1
V2(S)
1
0,16
= 3 7 = 1,6K
2f1C1 10 .10
A V 0 = 10 lg
f3 =
f1
f
= 10dB 1 = 10
f3
f3
f1 1000
=
= 100Hz
10
10
R2 =
1
1
=
= 16K
2f3 C1 6,28.10 2.10 7
C2 =
1
1
0,16
=
=
= 3,3nF
3
3
2f2 R 2 6,28.3.10 .16.10
3.16.10 6
Trang 44
Chng 2:
KHUECH AI CONG SUAT CAO TAN
I. Khuech ai cong suat cao tan: (KCSCT)
Bai 2.2
Rn Cng
Lch
Lch
en
+
VBB
-
Rb
Cng
CC
LC
+
VCC
-
Cng
PL = 0,1W;
f0 = 10MHz;
Q0 = 50;
f1 = 3500MHz;
hfe = 100;
Cbe = 10-9F;
Cbc = 1pF;
PCmax = 2W;
VCEmax = 40v;
maxiC = 1A;
= 900; Zn =
1K.
1. f =
fT
3500.10 6
=
= 3,5MHz f0 = 10MHz < 0,3.f = 10,5MHz suy ra s o lam viec
h fe
100
tan so thap, ta co s o tng ng sau:

Rn
ib
en
hie
LC
100ib
Rt
2. Chon VCC = 0,5VCEmax = 0,5x40 = 20V

3. Chon = 0,9.
4. Vcm1 = .VCC = 0,9x20 = 18V.
5. I Cm1 =
2PL
2x 0,1
=
= 0,011A = 11mA << max i C = 1A
VCm1
18
6. ien tr cong hng tng ng:

R t =
VCm1
18
=
= 1636
I Cm1 0,011
R t
1,636.10 3
7. L C =
=
= 0,521H
2f0 Q 0 6,28.10 7.50
Trang 45
CC
8. C C =
1
1
10 8
=
=
= 486,6 pF
4 2 f02 L 4x9,86.1014 .0,521.10 6 20,55
9. I n = I bm =
I Cm1
0,011
=
= 22.10 5 A
1 (). 0,5.100
10. VBB = VBEO In.Zn.0( - ) = 0,7 22.10-5.103.0,3 = 0,634V

11. ICO = 0()..Ibm = 0,3x100x22.10-5 = 6,6mA
12. h ie = 1,4 h fe
25.10 3
25.10 3
= 1,4.100.
530
I CQ
6,6.10 3
13. Neu Rn = 1K th Zi = Rn//hie = 103//530 = 346

14. Bien o ien ap kch thch:
Vbm = Ibm.Zi = 22.10-5x346 = 76mV
15. PCC = ICO.VCC = 6,6.10-3x20 = 0,132W.
16. Hieu suat: =
PL
0,1
=
= 75%
PCC 0,132
Bai 2.1: Gia thiet giong bai 2.2, ch khac fT = 350MHz

1. f =
fT
3500.10 6
=
= 3,5MHz; f0 = 10MHz < 3f = 10,5MHz
h fe
100
suy ra mach hoat ong tan so trung bnh co cac CKS.

Rn
ib
rbe
LC Rt
. .
Cbe CM
|hfe|ib
en
Cac bc 2 8 giong het nh tren
9. He so khuech ai dong ien dai tan so trung bnh:
.
.
h fe
100
100
= h fe =
=
=
33
2
2
3,027
7

2.10
1 +
1+ 0
6

2
.
3
,
5
.
10
I
0,011
10. I 'n = Cm1 =
= 0,67mA
1 (). 0,5x33
11. e dong vao Base khong b meo phai thoa man ieu kien:
1
n = =
= R n .C b'e
Trang 46
CC
Rn =
1
1
10 3
=
=
= 45,5
2f .C b'c 6,28.3,5.10 6 .10 9 21,98
Rn
Zn =
12. In
45,5
2
45,5
15
3,027

2.10 7
1 +
1+ 0
6

2.3,5.10

= In[1 + TCbc.1().ZL]
= 0,67.10-3[1 + 6,28.108.3,5.10-12.0,5.1,64.103]
= 0,67.10-3[1 + 1,8] = 1,88mA
.
13. Vnm = Z n .I n = 15.1,88.10 3 = 18,2mV

.
14. VBB = VB'EO I 'n Z n 0 ( ) = 0,7 0,63.10 3.15.0,5 = 0,7V

1 ( )
0,5
=
= j2,86
jC b'e [1 + T C b'c Z L 1 ()] j.6,28.10 7.10 9 .2,8
1
Mat khac: Z iEC =
== j2,86
jC' b'
1
C' b' =
= 5,55nF
6,28.10 7.2,86
Chu y: Cb = Cbe + CM (khac vi ien t 2 la co them goc cat)
.
16. YOEC = jC b'c 1 + . 1 () = j.6,28.10 7.10 12 [1 + 33.0,5] j110.10 5
1
1
Z OEC =
j.10 3
3
YOEC j.10
15. Z iEC =
17. I CO = 0 . .I' n = 0,32x33x67.10 5 7.10 3 A = 7mA

18. PCC = ICO.VCC = 7.10-3.20 = 134mW = 0,134W
P
0,1
= 74,6%
19. = L =
PCC 0,134
Bai 2.8: Giong bai 2.1, ch khac au vao khung cong hng ch c ghep mot phan vao
au vao e giam anh hng cua ien dung ky sinh va giam anh hng cua rbe.
Lb
Rtb
Cb
Cb.a2
rbe
a2
gmVbe
LC
RtC
CC
Cac bc t 1 10 giong bai 2.2, nhng cach tnh mach vao khac v au vao co khung
cong hng.
Cac bc t 15 19 giong bai 2.2.
Nh tren ta co: Cb = 5,55nF, khi o ien dung au vao:
Cb = Cb + a2Cb = Cb + (1/25)5,55.10-9 = Cb + 222.10-12.
Coi he so pham chat cua khung cong hng au vao va au ra giong nhau: Q01 = Q02 =
50.
Trang 47
Lb =
R t1
1624
1624.10 8
=
=
= 0,517H
0 Q 01 2.10 7.50
31,4
Cb =
1
1
10 8
=
=
= 510 pF
4 2 f02 L b 4.9,86.1014 .0,517.10 6 20,39
Khi o ien dung can mac au vao:

Cb = Cb a2Cb = 510pF 222pF = 288pF.
Tr khang vao:
r
Z i = R tb // b2'e = 1636 // 25rb'e
a
. 25.10 3
25.10 3
rb'e = 1,4. h fe
=
1
,
4
.
33
..
= 165
7.10 3
7.10 3
Suy ra: Zi = 1636//4125 = 1171,4
He so pham chat cua mach au vao:
Qi = 0RiCb = 6,28.107.1171,4.510.10-12 = 37,5
Neu au vao mac trc tiep vao Base, khi o ien dung ky sinh rat ln (Cb = 5,55nF) >>
Cb, nen mach lam viec khong on nh va khi o Zi rat nho (Zi = Rtb//rbe = 150) nen Qi =
0RiCb = 6,28.107.150.510.10-12 = 4,8 << Q01 = 50)
Do tr khang vao cua Transistor rat nho, nen cach mac nh bai 2.8 c s dung rat
nhieu. Mat khac tang KCSCT la tang cuoi cung nen ng trc no se la tang tien
KCSCT, ngha la Lb, Cb cua tang KCSCT chnh la LC, CC cua tang tien KCSCT
trc o.
II. Mach nhan tan
Bai 2.5
Lb
1. f =
Lch
Lch
Cb
+
VBB
-
Rb
+
VCC
-
CC
LC
Cng
fT
3500.10 6
=
= 3,5MHz; f0 = 10MHz < 3f = 10,5MHz
h fe
100
Suy ra mach hoat ong tan so thap:
Lb
Rt1
Cb
rbe
gmVbe
LC
180 0
= 90 0
2
3. Chon nguon cung cap: VCC = 0,5VCEmax = 0,5x40 = 20
4. Chon 1 = 2 = 0,9
Suy ra VCm1 = VCm2 = xVCC = 0,9x20 = 18V.
2. Chon goc cat toi u: =
Trang 48
Rt2
CC
5. Cong suat ra cua bai 2.1 la cong suat hai bac nhat. Do o cong suat ra do hai bac 2 gay ra
se la:
()
()
0,212
x 0,1 = 0,042 W
PL 2 = 2 .PL1 = 2 .PL1 =
1 ()
0,5
1 ()
6. Dong ien hai bac hai:
2PL 2 2x 0,0424
=
= 4,7mA
I Cm 2 =
VCm 2
18
7. ien tr tng ng cua mach cong hng ra:
V
18
R t 2 = Cm 2 =
= 3830
I Cm 2
4,7.10 3
8. Neu coi gia thiet cua bai 2.1 trong o Q0 la he so cham chat cua khung cong hng au
ra: Q02 =50 ta co:
R t 2
3830
383.10 7
LC =
=
=
= 0,61H
2 0 Q 02 2.6,28.10 7.50
62,8
9. C C =
(2 0 )2 .L C
1
10 8
=
= 104 pF
4.4.9,86.1014 .0,61.10 6 96,23
2
0,212
.0,75 = 0,318 32%
.1 =
1
0,5
()
0,318
x 4,7.10 3 = 7,05mA
= 2 .I Cm 2 =
1 ()
0,212
10. Hieu suat bo nhan: 2 =

11. tan so thap: I CO
12. rb'e = h ie
25.10 3
25.10 3
= 1,4.h fe .
= 1,4.100.
= 496 500
I CO
7,05.10 3
13. tan so thap: I' n = I bm1 =
I Cm 2
( )
2 90 0 .h fe
4,7.10 3
= 22.10 5 A
0,212.100
14. Bien o ien ap kch thch au vao:

Vbm1 = I bm1 .Z i = I bm1 (R t1 // rb'e ) = 22.10 5 (1636 // 500 )
= 0,08425V 84mV
15. R t1 =
2 ()
0,212
x3830 = 1624
.R t 2 =
1 ()
0,5
16. Coi mach cong hng au vao va au ra co he so pham chat rieng bang nhau: Q01 = Q02 =
50. Thc te khi co rbe th he so pham chat Q01 < Q01.
R t1
1624
1624.10 8
=
=
= 0,517F
17. L b =
0 Q 01 2.10 7.50
31,4
18. C b =
1
1
10 8
=
=
= 510 pF
4 2 f02 L b 4x9,86.1014 .0,517.10 6 20,39
Bai 2.4
1.
f =
fT
3500.10 6
=
= 3,5MHz; f0 = 10MHz < 3f = 10,5MHz Suy ra mach hoat ong
h fe
100
tan so trung bnh:
Trang 49
Rt1
Lb
rbe
Cb
Cb
gmVbe
LC
Rt2
CC
Cac bc 2 en 11 giong nh bai 2.5.

12. tan so trung bnh:
*
h fe
100
100
h fe =
=
3,3
=
2
2
3
,
027
7
2.10

1 +
1+ 0
6

2
.
3
,
5
.
10
13. rb'e = 1,4. h fe .

14. I 'n =
25.10 3
25.10 3
= 1,4.33.
= 163,8 164
I CO
7,05.10 3
I Cm 2
( )
2 90 0 h fe
4,7.10 3 4,7.10 3
0,03mA
0,212.33
155,7
15. Vbm1 = Ibm1.Zi = Ibm1 = (Rt1//rbe) = 3.10-5(1636//164) = 4,47mV.

Cac bc 15, 16, 17, 18 nh tren ch chu y: Cb = Cbmac + Cb*
20. Trong mach nhan tan do tan so cong hng au vao (0) va au ra (20) khac nhau,
C b 'e
10 9
=
= 2.10 9 F
nen khong co anh hng cua CM*. Khi o ta co: C *b' =
1 ( )
0,5
Ta thay Cb* = 2000p >> Cb = 510pF. Do o mach nay lam viec khong on nh, ta phai cai
tien mach nh bai 2.9
Bai 2.9:
Lb
Rt1
Cb
Cb.a2
rbe
a2
gmVbe
LC
Rt2
CC VL
Cac bc t 1 den 14 giong het nh bai 2.4

15. Vbm1 = Ibm1.Zi = Ibm1 = (Rt1//(rbe/a2) = 3.10-5(1636//4100) = 0,035mV = 35mV.
Cac bc 16, 17, 18 giong bai 2.5
C b'e
10 9
=
= 2.10 9 F
20. C *b' =
1 ( ) 0,5
2.10 9
= 80 pF
25
21. Khi o ien dung Cb = Cb Cb* = 510pF 80pF = 430pF.
suy ra a 2 .C *b' =
Trang 50
Chng 3: BO DAO ONG

I. Dao ong ba iem ien dung
Bai 3.2: Mach dao ong fthap.
Q0 = 100,
f0 = 10MHz,
fT = 3500MHz,
rbe = 500,
PCmax = 4W,
Cbe = 1000pF,
CCE = 5pF.
maxiC = 1A,
L = 1H,
hfe = 100,
VCE0max = 40V,
Lch
+VCC
Cb
R2
R1
C1
E
C2
RE
L VK
CE
Cac mach dao ong lam viec che o lp A nen tnh toan mach phan cc giong nh
trong mon ien T I. Trong thc te: IEQ = 15mA va RE = 102103 (sinh vien t chon).
V du: Chon IEQ = 5mA; RE = 103; VCC = 10V.
VRE = RE.IEQ = 103.5.10-3 = 5V
Suy ra VCEQ = VCC VRE = 5V
VBB 0,7 + RE.ICQ = 5,7V;
Rb = (1/10).hfe.RE = 10K;
VCC
10
R1 = R b
= 10 4
= 23,26K
VCC VBB
10 5,7
V
10
R 2 = R b CC = 10 4
= 40,8K
VBB
5,7
h ie = h fe
25.10 3
25.10 3
= 100
= 500
I EQ
5.10 3
1. ay la mach dao ong 3 iem ien dung nen thoa man ieu kien can bang pha v:
1
1
X1 =
; X2 =
; X3 = L.
C 2
C1
2.
fT
3500.10 6
=
= 35MHz ;
h fe
100
f0 = 10MHz < 0,3.f = 10,5MHz
f =
S o lam viec tan so thap
Trang 51
C
CCE
C1
L
Rb=R1//R2
C2
Cbe
3. He so hoi tiep: =
VBE
C
= 1 = n
VCE
C2
n co the chon theo kinh nghiem: n = 0,010,05 (E.C) va n = 0,10,5 (B.C) hoac tnh theo
cong thc.
Chon n = 0,01 C2 = 100C1.
4. ien dung tnd ng cua khung cong hng:
1
1
10 8
C t = 2 2 =
=
= 253,5pF
4 f0 L 4.9,86.1014 .10 6 39,44
C1C 2
C .100C1
= 1
= 253,5pF
C1 + C 2 C1 + 100C1
100C1 = 25,35nF = C 2
C1 = 253,5pF
5. He so khuech ai cua s o mac E.C:
h 21e 2
h
A = SZ C =
p R K // 11
h11e
n 2
C t =
h21e = hfe = 100; h11e = rbe = 500; Z ifa =

6.
7.
8.
9.
h11
2
500
= 5M
10 4
n
RK = 0LQ0 = 6,28.10 .10 .100 = 6,28K.
He so ghep Transistor vi khung cong hng:
C1C 2
V
C + C2
C2
1
1
p = CE = 1
=
=
=
= 0,99
VK
C1
C1 + C 2 1 + n 1 + 0,01
100
(0,99 )2 .6,28.10 3 // 5.10 6 1 .6,155.10 3 = 1,23.10 3
A=
500
5
ieu kien bien o e mach t kch:
7
-6
| A | . | |=| A | .n = 1,23.10 3.0,01 = 12,3 >> 1 ;

Suy ra mach dao ong
Bai 3.1: Mach dao ong tan so trung bnh
1. Bc 1: nh tren.
f
350.10 6
= 3,5MHz
2. f = T =
h fe
100
f0 = 10MHz < 3.f = 10,5MHz
Suy ra s o lam viec tan so trung bnh (co cac ien dung ky sinh)
Trang 52
3. He so hoi tiep co the chon nh tren, khi o C1, C2 giong het bai 3.2. Nhng e mach hoat
ong on nh ta co the chon C2 = 10Cbe = 10.10-9 = 10-8F = 10nF, suy ra C2 = 9nF.
4. Nh tren ta co: Ct = 253,5pF
C1C 2
C .10 8
C t =
= 1
= 253,5pF
C1 + C 2 C1 + 10 8
C1 .10 8 = C1 .253,5.10 12 + 253,5.10 20
10 8 C1 1 253,4.10 4 = 253,5.10 20
0,97465.C1 = 253,5.10 12
C1 260 pF C1' = 255pF
Chu y: C1 = C1 + CCE va C2 = C2 + Cbe trong o C1 va C2 mac ben ngoai, con CCE

va Cbe la cac tu ien ky sinh.
C
260.10 12
Khi o: n = 1 =
= 0,026
C2
10 8
*
*
| h11 |
| h 21 | 2
p R K // 2
5. A = SZ C = *
n
| h11 |
tan so trung bnh ta co:

*
h fe
100
=
| h 21 |=
= 33
2
2
7

2.10
1 +
1+ 2
6

2
.
3
,
5
.
10
1
1
10 3
=
=
= 45,5
2f .C b'e 6,28.3,5.10 6 .10 9 21,98
| h11 |= rb'e =
*
Z ifa =
| h11 |
n
45,5
(0,026 )
45,5
= 67,3K
6,76.10 4
6. Nh tren RK = 6,28K.
V
1
1
7. p = CE =
=
= 0,975
VK 1 + n 1 + 0,026
33
(0,975)2 .6,28.10 3 // 67,3.10 3
8. A =
45,5
= ( 0,725)[5,97K // 67,3K ] = ( 0,725).5,48.10 3

= 3,975.10 3 = 3975
9. ieu kien bien o e mach t kch:

*
| A | . | | =| A | .n = 3975x 0,026 = 103,35 >> 1

Suy ra mach dao ong.
Dao ong 3 iem ien dung kieu Clapp
Bai 3.3: Mach dao ong tan so trung bnh:
Trang 53
C1
CCE
E
C2
Cbe
L VK
C0
Bc 1, 2, 3 giong nh bai 3.1 tren

4. Nh bai tren ta co Ct = 253,5pF nhng
1
1
1
1
=
+
+
C t C1 C 2 C 0
Chon C0 = 270pF e C0 quyet ng f0 trong mach

C C t
C + C2
1
1
1
1
16,5.10 12
+
= 1
=
= 0
=
= 2,41.10 8
24
C 1 C1
C1 .C 2
C t C 0
C 0 .C t
68445.10
C1 + 10 8 = C1 .10 8.2,41.10 8 C1 + 10 8 = 2,41C1
C1 = 7,1nF
C1 7,1.10 9
Khi o: n =
=
= 0,71
C 2 10.10 9
5. Giong bai 3.1 ch khac:
h
45,5
45,5
=
=
= 90,3
Z ifa = 11
2
2
n
(0,71) 0,504
6. Nh tren: RK = 6,28K
V
C
253,5.10 12 0,2535
7. p = CE = t =
=
= 0,0357
VK
C1
7,1
7,1.10 9
33
(0,0357 )2 .6,28.10 3 // 90,3 = ( 0,725)[8 // 90,3] = 5,33
8. A =
45,5
9. ieu kien bien e mach t kch:
| A | . | | =| A | .n = 5,33x 0,71 = 3,78 > 1

Suy ra mach dao ong
10. Chu y: C2 = C2 Cbe = 10-8 10-9 = 9nF;
C1 = C1 CCE = 7,095nF
Bai 3.4: Mach dao ong tan so cao.
1. Mach thoa ieu kien pha ve dao ong nh tren
f
350.10 6
2. f = T =
= 3,5MHz
h fe
100
f0 = 100MHz > 3f = 10,5MHz

Vay mach hoat ong tan so cao. Ta khong the tnh cac Lk sinh, v vay phai dung s o
dao ong mac Base chung.
f = fT = 350MHz f0 = 100MHz < 0,3f = 105MHz
Suy ra s o hoat ong tan so thap (khong can tnh Ck sinh)
Trang 54
Lch
+VCC
C1
L VK
E
RE
Cb
R1
C2
R2
C0
B
+VCC
3. V s o lam viec tan so thap nen he so hoi tiep co the chon nh bai 3.2. ay la s o
B.C nen chon n = 0,1.
C1 .C 2
V
C + C2
C1
= BE = 1
=
= 0,1
VBC
C2
C1 + C 2
bai 3.3 ta co Ct = 253,5pF; chon C0 = 270pF va ta se co:
4. Giong
C1 + C 2
1
1
= 2,41.10 8 =
=
C 2 = 41,4nF
n.C 2 0,1C 2
C1 .C 2
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
C1 = 0,1C1 + 0,1C2 = 0,1C1 + 4,14.10-9

0,9C1 = 4,14nF
C1 = 4,6nF.
He so khuech ai cua s o mac B.C.
h
h
A = SZ C = 21b p 2 R K // 112b
h11b
n
h21b hfb 1;
h
500
h11b = ie =
= 5
h fe 100
h
5
= 500
Z ifa = 112b =
n
(0,1)2
Nh tren: RK = 0LQ0 = 6,28.108.10-6.100 = 62,8K
V
C t
253,5.10 12 253,5.10 12
p = CE =
=
=
= 61.10 3
C1C 2
1
VK
4,15.10 9
C1 + C 2
2,41.10 8
1
A = 3721.10 6 .62,8.10 3 // 500 = 0,2[234 // 500] = 31,88
5
ieu kien bien o e mach dao ong t kch:
| A | . | | =| A | .n = 31,88x 0,1 = 3,188 > 1

III.
Dao ong thach anh:
Bai 3.6: Mach dao ong tan so thap kieu Colpits

Chu y gia thiet giong bai 3.2 nhng cha biet L.
Trang 55
Cng
Lch
+VCC
Cb
C
C1
RE
Ce
C2
B
1. ieu kien pha: e mach dao ong theo kieu 3 iem C Colpits, thach anh phai tng ng
nh cuon cam, ngha la: fq > f0 > fp.
e n gian ta coi f0 nam gia fq va fp:
f/2
f/2
fq
f0
fp
Mach Colpits E.C

13
Cq
= fq 1 + 10
f p = fq 1 +
2.10 11 = 1,005fq
2C p
fq + f p fq + 1,005fq
=
= 1,0025fq
Mat khac: f0 =
2
2
f0
10 7
Suy ra: fq =
=
= 9,975MHz
1,0025 1,0025
f p = 1,005fq = 10,025MHz
2. f =
fT
3500.10 6
=
= 35MHz
h fe
100
f0 = 10MHz < 0,3f = 10,5MHz

Suy ra s o lam viec tan so thap.
3. ien cam rieng cua thach anh:
1
1
10
Lq =
=
=
= 2,55mH
2
12
13
3924
2fq .C q 4.9,86.99,5.10 .10
4. Tr khang tng tng cua thach anh tai tan so f0: Zt = j0Lt nen:
20 L q C q 1
L t = 2
0 C p + C q 20 L q C q C p
20 L q C q = 4 2 f02 C q L q = 4.9,86.1014 .10 13.2,55.10 3 = 1,00572

L t =
=
1,00572 1
4.9,86.10 10 + 10 13 1,00572.10 11
14
11
572.10
= 33,89H 34H
39,44.1014 .0,428.10 13
Trang 56
5. C t =
C1C 2
1
1
= 2 2
=
= 7,5pF
C1 + C 2 4 f0 L t 4.9,86.1014 .34.10 6
6. Chon he so hoi tiep: n= 0,01.

V
C
= BE = 1 = n
VCE
C2
Suy ra C1 = 0,01C2 hoac C2 = 100C1.
C .100C1
Suy ra: C t = 1
= 7,5pF 100C1 = 757,5pF
C1 + 100C1
Vay C2 = 100C1 75,75nF va C1 7,75pF
7. He so khuech ai cua s o mac E.C
*
*
| h 21e | 2
| h11 |
A = SZ C = *
p R K // 2
n
| h11e |
h21e = hfe = 100; h11e = rbe = 500.

h
500
= 4 = 5M
Z ifa = 11
2
n
10
8. RK = 0LtQ0 = 6,28.107.9,226.10-7.100
Suy ra RK = 57,94.100 = 5794
V
C2
1
1
9. p = CE =
=
=
= 0,99
VK
C1 + C 2 1 + n 1 + 0,01
100
10. A =
(0,99 )2 .5794.10 3 // 5M 0,2.5678 = 1135
500
| A | . | | =| A | .n = 1135x 0,01 = 11,35 > 1

Bai 3.5: Mach lam viec ftrung bnh mac kieu Clapp.
C
VK
C1
E
C2
CS=C0
1. ieu kien pha: tnh nh tren, nhng lu y khong nhng

thach anh phai tng nh cuon cam, ma thach anh cung
CS cung phai tng ng nh cuon cam ngha la: q <
q < 0 < p.
fq = 9,975MHz va fp = 10,025MHz
B
2. f =
fT
350.10 6
=
= 3,5MHz
h fe
100
f0 = 10MHz < 3f = 10,5MHz

Suy ra s o lam viec tan so trung bnh phai ke ca CKS.
Cac bc 3, 4, 5 nh tren: Lq = 2,55mH; Lt = 34H va Ct = 7,5pF = C1 noi tiep C2 noi
tiep CS.
6. e CS quyet nh tan so cong hng trong mach ta chon CS << C1 va CS << C2. Chon CS =
10pF, khi o:
Trang 57
C C t (10 7,5).10 12
1
1
1
1
+
=
= S
=
= 9,972 MHz Vay q = 9,972MHz <
C1 C 2 C t C S
C t .C S
75.10 20
q = 9,975MHz
Suy ra TA + CS tng ng.
7. He so hoi tiep: co the chon n = 0,1 do mach Clapp.
V
C
= BE = 1 = n
VCE
C2
Suy ra C1 = 0,1C2 hoac C2 = 10C1.
C + C 2 C1 + 100C1
Suy ra: 1
=
= 0,03.10 8 11 = 0,033.10 9 C1
C1C 2
C1 .100C1
11
C1 =
= 3,33.10 9 = 3,33nF C 2 = 10C1 = 33,3nF
9
0,033.10
C1 = C1 CCE = 3325pF; C2 = C2 Cbe = 32,3nF
8. He so khuech ai cua s o mac E.C
*
*
| h 21 | 2
| h11 |
A = SZ C = *
p R K // 2
n
| h11 |
h fe
| h 21 |=

1+ 2

| h11 |= rb'e =
100
7
2.10
1 +
6
2.3,5.10
= 33
1
1
10 3
=
=
= 45,5
2f .C b'e 6,28.3,5.10 6 .10 9 21,98
| h11 |
45,5
= 4550
n
10 2
9. ien tr cong hng tng ng nh bai 3.6: Rk = 5794.
V
C t
(C + C 2 )
= C t x 1
p = CE =
C
C
VK
C1 .C 2
1 2
C1 + C 2
Z ifa =
= 275.10 12 .3,03.10 8 = 0,0833

33
(0,0833)2 x5794 // 455.10 3 29,1
10. A =
45,5
| A | . | | =| A | .n = 29,1x 0,1 = 2,91 >> 1

IV. Dao ong RC
Bai 3.8: Dao ong cau
Trang 58
+
-
VL
R1
e mach dao ong: + =
R2
R2
2
=
R1 + R 2 3
3R2 = 2R1 + 2R2

R2 = 2R1
Chon R1 = 1K, th R2 = 2K.
1
1
C=
=
= 0,16.10 6 = 0,16F
3
3
0 R 6,28.10 .10
Bai 3.7: Dao ong cau Vien
R2
R1
R
Vin
e mach dao ong: =
R2
1
=
R 1 = 2R 2
3 R1 + R 2
Chon R2 = 1K R1 = 2K.
1
1
C=
=
= 0,16.10 6 = 0,16F
0 R 6,28.10 3.10 3
Trang 59
Chng 4: IEU CHE TNG T

I. ieu bien Collector
Bai 4.4:
Cng
Lch
LC
CC
V
+VCC
PL = 100mW; f0 = 1MHz; f = 10KHz; Q0 = 50; m = 0,5; = 900.

Tran sistor nh bai 2-1.
f
350.10 6
1. f = T =
= 3,5MHz
h fe
100
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
f0 = 1MHz < 0,3f = 1,05MHz

Suy ra s o hoat ong tan so thap.
Chon nguon cung cap VCC = 0,5VCEmax = 0,5x40 = 20V.
Chon he so li dung ien ap = 0,9.
Bien o trung bnh phan hai bac nhat: VCm1 = V0 = VCC = 18V.
khi o V0 = 18cos(2.106t)
2P
P
2
2
0,1
I Cm1 = 0 =
x AM 2 = x
= 9,88mA
0,25
VCm1 VCm1
18
m
1+
1+
2
2
ien tr cong hng tng ng:
V
18
R t = Cm1 =
= 1822()
I Cm1 9,88.10 3
7. L C =
R t
1,822.10 3
1822
=
=
= 58.10 7 = 5,8H
6
7
2f0 Q 0 6,28.10 .50 31,4.10
8. C C =
1
1
10 6
=
=
= 4,37nF
4 2 f02 L C 4.9,86.1012 .5,8.10 6 228,75
9. Bien o dong kch thch vao:

I Cm1
9,88.10 3
I bm =
=
= 19,76.10 5 A 0,2mA
0,5.100
1 ().h fe
10. I CO = 0 ()..I bm = 0,3x100 x2.10 4 = 6mA
11. Tr khang vao cua Transistor
25.10 3
25.10 3
Z i = rb'e = 1,4.h fe
= 1,4.100.
= 583
I CQ
6.10 3
12. Bien o ien ap kch thch:
Vbm = Zi.Ibm = 583.0,2.10-3 = 116mV
13. PCC = ICO.VCC = 6.10-3.20 = 120mW
Trang 60
14. =
PL
0,089
=
= 70%
PCC
0,12
15. Bien o ien ap am tan: V = mV0 = 0,5x18 = 9V

khi o: V(t) = 9cos(2.104t)
16. Pho cua tn hieu AM
mV0
mV0
VAM = V0 cos 0 t +
cos( 0 + )t +
cos( 0 )t
2
2
= 18 cos(2.10 6 t ) + 4,5 cos 2(10 6 + 10 4 )t + 4,5 cos 2(10 6 10 4 )t
VAM
18
4,5
0
17. P0 =
106-104
106
106+104
V02
(18) 2
=
89mW
2R L 2.1,82.10 3
m2
(0,5) 2
= 89.10 3
= 11,125mW
2
2
1
1
=
= = 11
2
9
+1
2
m
18. Pbt = P0 .
19. k =
Pbt
PAM
20. Kiem tra: V0 + V = 18 + 9 = 27V < BVCEO = 40V

PAMmax = P0(1 + m)2 = 89.10-3(1 + 0,5)2 = 200mW < PCmax.
Bai 4.5:
Vtt = 10cos2.106t; V = 7cos2.104t; RL = 1K.
1. Giong nh bai 4-4: f0 = 1MHz < 0,3f = 1,05MHz
Suy ra s o hoat ong tan so thap.
V
7
2. He so ieu che: m = =
= 0,7
V0 10
V
10
= 11,11V
3. Chon = 0,9 VCC = Cm1 =
0,9
4. Pho cua tn hieu ieu bien:
mV0
mV0
cos( 0 + )t +
cos( 0 )t
2
2
= 10 cos(2.10 6 t ) + 3,5 cos 2(10 6 + 10 4 )t + 3,5 cos 2(10 6 10 4 )t
VAM (t ) = V0 cos 0 t +
VAM
10
3,5
0
106-104
106
106+104
Trang 61
5. P0 =
V02
(10) 2
=
= 50mW
2R L
2.0 3
m2
0,49
= 5.10 2
= 12,25mW
2
2
7. Cong suat ieu bien:
PAM = P0 + Pbt = 50 + 12,25 = 62,25mW
8. PAMmax = P0(1 + m)2 = 5.10-2(1 + 0,7)2 = 144,5mW < PCmax.
1
1
=
= 20%
9. k =
2
2
+1
+1
0,5
m2
10. Kiem tra: V0 + V = 10 + 7 = 17V < BVCEO = 40V
11. Bien o hai bac nhat:
V
V
10
I Cm1 = Cm1 = 0 = 3 = 10mA (chu y RL = Rt)
RL
R L 10
6. Pbt = P0 .
12. L =
13. C =
RL
10 3
10 4
=
=
= 3,18H
2f0 Q 0 6,28.10 6 .50 31,4.
1
1
10 6
=
=
= 7,97nF
4 2 f02 L 4.9,86.1012 .3,18.10 6 125,4
14. Bien o dong kch vao:

I Cm1
10 2
I bm =
=
= 0,2mA
1 ().h fe 0,5.100
15. I CO = 0 ()..I bm = 0,3x100x2.10 4 = 6mA
rb'e = 1,4.h fe
25.10 3
25.10 3
= 1,4.100.
= 583
I CQ
6.10 3
16. Vbm = I bm .rb'e = 2.10 4 .583 = 0,117V
II. ieu tan Varicap

Bai 4.6: ieu tan dung Varicap n
f0 = 100MHz; f = 75KHz; Q0 = 50; L = 0,1H;
Transistor nh bai 2-1
L
R2
C1
C
1. f =
R1
RE
Lch
C2
fT
350.10 6
=
= 3,5MHz
h fe
100
f0 = 100MHz > 3f = 10,5MHz

Trang 62
+VCC
C
Suy ra s o hoat ong tan so cao, nen phai chuyen sang dung mach dao ong B.C nh
hnh ve
C
C1
L
E
RE
C2
B
2. C t =
C2 =
C .C
1
1
10 9
=
=
= 25,35pF = 1 2 Chon
2 2
16
7
39,44
C1 + C 2
4 f0 L 4.9,86.10 .10
C1
C1 xC t
3.10 11.25,35.10 12
=
= 163,5pF
C1 C t
(30 25,35)10 12
3. He so hoi tiep:
C1 C 2
V
C + C2
C1
30.10 12
= BE = 1
=
=
= +0,155 = + n
VBC
C2
C1 + C 2 30.10 12 + 163,5.10 12
4. He so ghep Transistor vi khung cong hng:
V
V
p = CB = CB = 1
Vk
VCB
h
500
5. tan so thap nen: h21b 1; h 11b = 11e =
= 10
h fe
50
6. Rt = 0LQ0 = 6,28.108.10-7.50 = 3140

7. He so khuech ai khi mac B.C:
h
h 1 2
A = SZ C = 21b p 2 R K // 112b
1 .3140 // 416 36,8
h 11b
n 10

| A | . | | =| A | .n = 37x 0,155 = 5,7 >> 1 mach dao ong
9. Chon Vpc = 5V; n = ; = 0,7V; Suy ra ta co:
C1
V
V
1
1 1
163,5
.
f = nf0 .
.
= . .10 8.
= 75.10 3 suy ra
2
C1 + C 2 + Vpc 2 2
30 + 163,5 0,7 + 5
f =
10 8.163,5
V = 75.10 3 suy ra V = 20mV
4411,8
10. f1 = f0 - f = 99,925MHz;
f2 = f0 + f = 100,075MHz;
1
1
10 10
C t1 = 2 2 =
=
= 25,39 pF
4 f1 L 4.9,86.9985.1012 .10 7 3,9381
Trang 63
30pF
C t 2 =
1
1
10 10
=
=
= 25,317 pF
4 2 f22 L 4.9,86.10015.1012 .10 7 3,9499
C11 =
C 2 xC t1 163,5.10 12 .25,39.10 12
=
= 30,06 pF
C 2 C t1
138,11.10 12
C12 =
C 2 xC t 2
163,5.10 12 .25,317.10 12
=
= 29,955pF
C 2 C t 2
138,183.10 12
C
30,06pF
CV0 = 30pF = C1
29,96pF
V
0
V(<0)
Bai 4.7: ieu tan dung Varicap ay keo

+VCC
CV1
VR
R2
CV2
Ra VFM
C2
C
R1
RE
C1
1. Bc 1 va 2 nh tren
C xC
C xC
2. C t = v10 v 20 + 1 2 = 25,35pF
C v10 + C v 20 C1 + C 2
C xC
Chon C v10 = C v 20 = 20 pF C v 0 = v10 v 20 = 10 pF
C v10 + C v 20
C1 C 2
= 15,35pF
Suy ra C 3 =
C1 + C 2
3. He so hoi tiep: v s o mac B.C nen ta chon n = 0,1
=
VBE
VBC
C1C 2
C + C2
C2
= 1
=
= n = 0,1
C1
C1 + C 2
C 2 = 0,1C1 + 0,1C 2 C1 = 9C 2
Trang 64
C3 =
C1 C 2
C 9C
= 1 1 = 15,35pF
C1 + C 2 C1 + 9C1
9C1 = 153,5pF = C2
C1 = 17pF
4. Cac bc 4, 5, 6 nh tren
h
h 1 2
10
7. A = SZ C = 21b p 2 R K // 112b
1 .3140 //
60,5
h 11b
0,01
n 10
8. ieu kien bien o e mach dao ong t kch:
| A | . | | = 86,26x 0,1 = 8,6 >> 1 mach dao ong

9. Chon Vpc = 5V; n = ; = 0,7V
C v0
V
V
1
1 1
10
f = nf 0 .
.
= . .10 8.
.
= 75.10 3 suy ra
2
C v 0 + C 3 + Vpc 2 2
10 + 15,35 0,7 + 5
10 9
V = 75.10 3 suy ra V = 43,4mV
578
10. Bc 10 nh tren ta co:
Ct1 = 25,39pF; Ct2 = 25,317pF
Suy ra: Cv01 = Ct1 C3 = 10,04pF; Cv02 = Ct2 C3 = 9,967pF
f =
Trang 65
Chng 6: MAY PHAT

I. KCSCT + mach ghep au vao va au ra
Cng
L1
Ri = 50
Pi = ? C1
1=0,7
Lch
Lch
+
VBB
-
Qt1=5
L2
+
VCC Cng
Rb
C2
C3
PA = 2W
RA = 75
1=0,7 Qt2=5
=900
Thiet ke bo KCSCT nh hnh ve co f0 = 10MHz. Transistor co cac thong so fT = 350MHz;

hfe = 100; Cbc = 1pF; Cbe = 1000pF; PCmax = 10W; VCEmax = 40V; max iC = 1A.
Cac bc thiet ke:
f
350.10 6
= 3,5MHz
1. f = T =
h fe
100
2.
3.
4.
5.
f0 = 10MHz < 3f = 10,5MHz

Suy ra s o hoat ong tan so trung bnh
Chon VCC = 0,5VCEmax = 0,5x40 =20V
Chon = 0,9
Bien o hai bac nhat: PCm1 = .VCC = 0,9x20 = 18V.
P
2
Cong suat hai bac nhat: PL1 = A =
= 2,5W
2 0,8
6. Bien o hai bac nhat cua dong ien ra:

2P
2x2,5
I Cm1 = L1 =
= 278mA
VCm1
18
2I Cm1 = 2x278 = 556mA < max i C = 1A
7. ien tr cong hng tng ng mach ra
V
18
R t1 = Cm1 =
65
I Cm1 0,278
Rt1 chnh la tr khang vao cua mach ghep au ra.
8. Mach ghep au ra:
R = R i xR L = R t xR A = 69,8
R i + R 65 + 69,8
=
27
Q t
5
1
1
C2 =
=
590 pF
2f0 X C 2 6,28.10 7.27
X C2 =
R L + R 75 + 69,8
=
29
Q t
5
1
C3 =
550 pF
6,28.10 7.29
X C3 =
Trang 66
C '2 = C '2 C *b'c = C '2 C b'c 1 + 1 () = 572 pF
X L 2 = X C 2 + X C3 = 27 + 29 = 66
L=
X L2
66
=
1H
2f0 6,28.10 7
L2
Ri = Rt = 65
C2
RA = RL = 75
C3
9. He so khuech ai tan so trung bnh

.
.
h fe
100
100
=
=
33
= h fe =
2
2
3
,
027
7
10

1 +
1+ 0
6

3
,
5
.
10

10. Thanh phan trung bnh DC cua dong ra
()
0,32
I CO = 0 .I Cm1 =
x278 = 178mA
1 ()
0,5
11. Cong suat nguon cung cap
PCC = ICO.VCC = 0,178.20 = 3,56W
12. Hieu suat cua mach KCSCT
P
2,5
= L =
= 70,22%
PCC 3,56
13. Tr khang vao
Z iEC =
1 ( )
jC b 'e [1 + T C b'c Z L 1 ()]
0,5
j.6,28.10 .10 . 1 + 350.10 6.10 12 65.0,5
0,5
50
1
=
=
= j7,87 j8 =
12
j6,28.10 [1 + 0,0114 ] j6,35
jC* b '
1
C * b' =
= 2,023nF (C * b' = C *b 'e + C *M )
7
6,28.10 .7,87
14. Tr khang vao cua Transistor tan so trung bnh
.
25.10 3
25.10 3
rb'e = 1,4. h fe
= 1,4.33..
6,5
I CO
0,178
=
15. Mach ghep au vao: e s truyen at cong suat ln nhat va ap tuyen tan so bang phang
nhat ta thiet ke sao cho Qi = Q0 = 2Qt.
r
R
6,5
X C = L = b 'e =
= 0,65
Q 0 2Q t 10
1
1
C1' =
=
24,5nF
2f0 X C 6,28.10 7.0,65
Mat khac:
Trang 67
C1' = C1 + C *b C1 = C1' C *b' = 24,5 2,023 22,5nF

X L 2 = Q i R i = 2Q t R i = 2x5x50 = 500
L1 =
XL
500
=
8H
2f0 6,28.10 7
L1
Ri = 50
Qt1 = 5
16. Z 'iEC = Z iEC // rb'e =

Z 'iEC =
rb'e
C'1
rbe
Cb
rb 'e
1 + j 0 C *b' .rb 'e
1 + 20 C *b2' rb2'e
6,5
1 + 4.9,86.4,092.10 10 .42,25
17. Cong suat au ra cua Transistor
18
14
6,5
= 5
1,3
2
1 '2
1 I Cm1
1 0,278
Pb = I n Z i =
Zi =
.5
2
2 1
2 0,533
1
= .3.10 4 .5 = 7,5.10 4 = 0,75mW
2
18. Cong suat au vao cua tang KCSCT
P
0,75.10 3
Pi = b =
= 1,07mW
0,7
1
II. KCSCT + ieu bien
Thiet ke mach ieu bien Collector co gia thiet nh bai tren biet m = 0,7 va f0 = 10MHz; f =
10KHz. e n gian ta khong tnh mach vao
Cng
Lch
Lb
+
VBB
-
Rb
L1
C1
Cng
KCSAT
+VCC
1 4 nh bai tren: VCm1 = 18V = V0
5. Cong suat ieu bien:
P
2
PAM = A =
= 2,5W
2 0,8
Trang 68
RA = 75
PA = 2W
C2
m2
Cong suat hai bac nhat: PAM = P0 1 +

2
PAM
2,5
=
= 2W
P0 = PL1 =
2
m 1 + 0,49
1 +
2
2
6. Bien o hai bac nhat cua dong ien ra

2P
2x 2
I Cm1 = L1 =
= 187mA
VCm1
18
V
18
7. R t1 = Cm1 =
= 96,25()
I Cm1 0,187
Rt1 chnh la tr khang vao cua mach loc au ra
8. Mach loc au ra
R = R i xR L = 96,25x 75 85
R i + R 96 + 85
=
36,2
Q t
5
1
1
C1 =
=
= 0,44nF
2f0 X C1 6,28.10 7 .36,2
X C1 =
R L + R 75 + 85
=
= 32
Q t
5
1
C2 =
= 0,5nF
6,28.10 7.32
X C2 =
C *b'c = C b'c 1 + 1 () = 10 12 [1 + 33.0,5] = 17,5pF
'
C1 = 440 17,5 = 422,5pF
X L1 = X C1 + X C 2 = 36,2 + 32 = 68,2
L1 =
X L1
68,2
=
10,86.10 7 H 1,1H
7
2f0 6,28.10
L1
Rt1 = Ri = 96
C1
RA = RL = 75
C2
9. Nh tren = 33
10. I CO =
0 ()
0,32
.I Cm1 =
x 0,187 0,12A
1 ()
0,5
11. PCC = ICO.VCC = 0,12.20 = 2,4W

P
1,68
12. = L1 =
70%
PCC
2,4
13. Nh tren Z iEC j7,83 (vi Z L = 96,25)
Trang 69
14. rb'e = 1,4. h fe

15. Z 'iEC =
25.10 3
25.10 3
= 1,4.33..
9,625
I CO
0,12
rb'e
1 + 20 C *b2' rb2'e
9,625
1 + 4.9,86.10 .4,16.10 .92,64

16. Cong suat au vao
14
18
9,625
6
1,587
2
1 '2
1 I Cm1
1 0,187
Pb = I n Z i =
Zi =
.6 0,4mW
2
2 1 1
2 0,5.33
17. Bien o ien ap am tan V = mV0 = 0,7x18 = 12,6V
khi o: V(t) = 12,6cos(2.104t)
18. Pho cua tn hieu am tan
mV0
mV0
cos( 0 )t
cos( 0 + )t +
2
2
= 18 cos(2.10 7 t ) + 6,3 cos 2(10 7 + 10 4 )t + 6,3 cos 2(10 7 10 4 )t
VAM = V0 cos 0 t +
VAM
18
6,3
0
107-104
107
107+104
m2
0,49
= 1,68
= 0,41W
2
2
0,41
=
= 16,4%
2,5
19. Pbt = P0 .
20. k =
Pbt
PAM
21. Kiem tra: V0 + V = 18 + 12,6 = 30,6V < BVCEO = 40V

PAMmax = P0(1 + m)2 = 1,68(1 + 0,7)2 = 4,85W< PCmax = 10W
(Chu y: cac bc 9 16 co the khong phai tnh khi thi).
Trang 70

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PHAN I

Chng 1: MACH LOC TCH CC

Ham truyen: H(S) =

Ham truyen: H(S) =

b- Mach loc thong cao bac nhat

Ham truyen: H(S) =

1-3 Mach loc tch cc bac hai

Mach hoi tiep am mot vong

Mach hoi tiep am 2 vong

Mach LTT2 dung hoi tiep dng

Trng hp 1: AV0 = 1 (R3 = 0).

Bo LTC dung hoi tiep dng

Bo LTD hoi tiep am 2 vong

ieu kien: A0L > 2Q2.

Ham truyen: H(S) =

Chng 2: KHUECH AI CONG SUAT CAO TAN

Hnh 2-1 Dang ac tuyen ong va gian o thi gian cua

Thanh phan trung bnh mot chieu:

Thanh phan hai bac nhat:

Thanh phan hai bac n:

Dai tan so lam viec cua Transistor c chia lam 3 oan:

f0 f: tan so thap, cac tham so c coi la khong thay oi; hfe = 0;

3- Chon he so li dung ien ap: 1 = 0,85 0,95 = VCm1/VCC.

; I n = I' n [1 + T C b'c 1 ()R t1 ]

i B = I' n cos t I BO ; I' n = I bm ; I BO =

C b'e [1 + T C b'c R t 1 ()]

Neu ke ca rbe ta co: ZiEC = rbe//ZiEC

7- Bien o ien ap kch thch vao: Vbm1 = In|ZiEC|

9- Xac nh tr khang nguon tng ng

e dong ien au vao khong b meo th: n =

6- C'*b = C *b'e + C *M ; C *b'e =

10- Thien ap Base

11- ien tr tai tng ng: Z L = R t =

12- Cong suat nguon cung cap: PCC = ICOVCC.

14- Cong suat tieu tan tren Collector: PC = PCC PL.

Cac bc thiet ke tng t nh tren.

C b = C *b' + C' b vi C*b tnh theo bc 6 tren.

Muc ch cua bo nhan tan:

Nang cao tan so song mang

M rong thang tan so lam viec

Nang cao ch so ieu che trong may phat FM

Tan so cong hng au vao:

Tan so cong hng au ra:

Goc cat toi u cua bo nhan tan dung Transistor

Cac bc thiet ke cua bo nhan tan:

0- Xac nh pham vi lam viec cua Transistor theo (2-2)

3- Chon he so li dung ien ap:

ICmk = k () .I'm = k () .I bm1

5- Xac nh cong suat hu ch tren tai ng vi hai bac k

tr cong hng tng

7- Hieu suat cua bo nhan tan:

8- Do khong co hien tng hoi tiep qua Cbc nen

9- Tr khang vao cua tang

Neu ke ca rbe ta co ZiEC = rbe//ZiEC (tnh nh tren)

12- Z n , VB , PC tnh nh bo KCSCT

14- Tnh mach cong hng ra

Chng 3: CAC MACH TAO DAO ONG

He so khuech ai cua bo khuech ai

+ Modul he so khuech ai: A =

He so truyen at cua bo hoi tiep

+ Modul he so hoi tiep: =

ieu kien pha e mach dao ong: = B + B = 0,2

ieu kien bien bo e mach dao ong: A . 1

3-2 Bo dao ong LC dung Transistor

6- C'b = C b'e + C M ; C b'e =

C b = C b' + C' b vi Cb tnh theo bc 6 tren.