Hormonal

Testicular

5 Main Factors For Men INFERTILITY

Epididymis, Seminal Vesicle and Prostate

Abnormal Sperm

Coital Disorders

Causes Related To Glands Controlling Testicular Function

1. Delayed puberty. 2. LH, and FSH deficiency. Congenital hypo-gonadotrophic hypogonadism (pituitary gland hormones) Kallmans syndrome which is associated with abnormal sense of smelling. Destruction of pituitary and hypothalamic glands due to Trauma Irradiation Tumors Medications Surgery. 3. Hyperprolactinemia due to pituitary adenoma or a side effect(s) of some medications.

Hormone/ Diseases Primary Testicular Failure

Testosterone LH

FSH

Remarks

Low

High

High

Oligospermia /Azospermia

LH Receptor Deficiency

Normal (ineffective)

Normal (ineffective)
Normal

Normal (ineffective)
Normal Retrograde Ejaculation/ Obstruction

Germinal cell Normal failure

Other Endocrine Deficiency

Low

Low

Low

Low-Growth Hormone, TSH,Corticotr opin

Disorders Related To Epididymis, Seminal Vesicles And Prostate:

Congenital causes: Vas aplasia, malformation of caudal \ corpus epididymis, Obstruction of seminal vesicles. Infectious epididymal obstruction: Some of the Microorganisms that may also cause infections are staph, gonorrhea tuberculosis, trachoma, anaerobes and Chlamydia. Vasectomy: A procedure done for male contraception in this procedure a cut in seminal ducts is done which will cause male infertility.

Coital Defects Inappropriate time Erectile dysfunction Using ointments or creams Hypospadias Congenital Penile Defects. Retrograde ejaculation

Acquired cause Neurological injury due to spinal cord injury. Pelvic fracture. Pelvic surgery. Diabetes. Prostate surgery. Bladder surgery. Urethral dilatation.

Congenital causes Stenosis of the external urethra. Stenosis of the external valve due to hypertonic muscles Congenital anomaly of the internal valve. Congenital stenosis of bladder neck.

S E M E N

Immotile cilia syndrome Necrospermia Increase viscosity

Periaxonemal abnormalities Enzymes Deficiency Pus In Semen Zinc deficiency Decreased A.T.P Abnormal Prostaglandins. bicarbonate deficiency

A B N O R M A L

Membrane malformation Disorders in calcium metabolism