YU Yom Iyyun “April 26, 2009 Can Life Go on Without a Temple? A Debate in Second Temple and Rabbinic Judaism Aaron Koller Yeshiva College 1, Introduction: Centrality of the Temple | Maccabees 3:45-51: Jerusalem was uninhabited, like a desert; not one of her children entered or came out. The sanctuary was trampled on, and foreigners were in the citadel... Joy had disappeared from Jacob, and the flute and the harp were silent. Thus they assembled and went to Mizpah near Jerusalem, because there was formerly at Mizpah a place of prayer for Israel. ‘That day they fasted and wore sackcloth; they sprinkled ashes on their heads and tore their clothes. .... And they cried aloud to Heaven: ‘What shall we do with these men, aid where shall we take them? For your sanctuary has been trampled on and profaned, and your priests are in mourning and humiliation.” 2. Life without a Temple during * 13 times: Accommodation to the Temple's contr by otber groups a. Qumran: Withdrawal and replacement yong prpan we “arpa nay #07 799999 C72 pIPAM) IVI? THR? 9B"? {PONT MN AAA G-MPBPR) BRI proms whee aad PRI ee WPA HN PVD TOT] Lana 2.093%) 73995) MD ata ya (TTD WaeD We AT p10 wapon nian pray no Yyy Ma BY NR PROK-WR WIpA Wy MND HN NID NI WIT NII NWR DY BV? DTT 2.2) ppt jana paper 9 Ne RBvY WPAN TIA AOR OY WR BDU? HK xo we popinma bevy nay’ :ann> "3 ,AaToT A RODY...kBW WHR PR PIT ANN ANDI HW Mane wrx Ty? PR “gots ory? nba 7 naytn ovvyy Ng} nwo YyeD by poraD) ‘PAN NNaBd ors AyoM AAA b. Early Christians: Rejection and expectation ‘Mark 13:2 (and parallels) ‘As he was making his way out of the temple area one of his disciples said to him, “Look, teacher, what stones and what buildings! Jesus said to him, ‘Do you see these ‘great buildings? There will not be one stone left upon another that will not be down’ (and parallels) to Jerusalem, and on entering the temple area he began to drive out those buying there. He overturned the tables of the money changers and the ssho were selling doves. He did not permit anyone to canny aan apie area. Then he taught them, xYU Yom Iyyun Apsil 26, 2009 : shall be called a house of prayer for all peoples”? But you have made it a den of thieves!” ‘The chief priests and the scribes came to hear of it and were secking a way to put him to death, yet they feared him because the whole crowd was astonished at his teaching. Pharisees: Participation under protest i. Who had control of the wp during later Hasmonean times? jana pn (jaran *b nx] SRD 72 DAB? aD MN “ETD TAIN 7 MIMD ANON ‘umbpaa why pean pea ran pane PAM onan on oT yy you AnK aye “1p ne naan” sab POTN TOR una OMB TOM TAT MVD parang $3 max jpn 2 ania pha oa by Joy nx pra AvyD ,7°n =a"y Mp now Yaga AAI yanoy nba bw bra eam narBA Pp ABO PA wn FATA, Josephus Anmfiguitis, 13.13:5 ‘As to Alexander, his own people were seditious against him, for at a festival which was then celebrated, when he stood upon the altar, and was going to sacrifice, the nation rose upon him, and pelted him with citrons [in their hands, because] the law of the Jews required that at the feast of tabernacles every one should have branches of the palm tree and citron tree... At this he was in a rage, and slew of them about six thousand, ii, When did they get it back? ana nop pia Son AR TPR. .nawa neNd wy ASIN bm ANN OVD 2kP 7 BPMDB xNBOIN AQR°3 TOI NAD YAN, HNOD YwHONY NVM .. 7AAWA NK AMT by waa aaway hms} qpnw yan vw MDD sean..MDH WBN =e WW POTD? Waa Fea [AAT TIO... spaR bab Ip ALTA ANDW NW WA MIN OND oD vMT YIM PD. PAAR SV ww AANA AAD MIA MBB AND I POA MAY eT MA roy [2 T9BV RI” WD BBrnwD own mM dew vwaN So NAM ANN PS HN oT by prov) Fran ne NMYU Yom Iyyun April 26, 2009 ier Hasmoneans retake control of the W172 from the Seleucids Group of Jews move to Qumran, » : 150? ket Boeeaclety at big? ‘Temple under the 2¥N2 103 ‘Alexander Janneus (*82) becomes king Temple to the oypi13? oxo dies and yrsmbv alome 2 16 Aaeiasess eels geen ‘Temple to the wT? 605 Hillel becomes “K"02” ‘Temple under the BND 20s & 30s Jesus active 70 ipa destroyed 70s Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai at Yavneh 80-135 Rabban Gamaliel and R. Akiva 132-135 Bar Koseba (Bar Kokhba) Revolt 3. After the prin: Accommodation to a world without a Temple? a, Qumran: Despair? b. Christians: Supercession Hippolytus (Rome, 170-236), Treatise Against the Jews, §7: “Why was the Temple made desolate? Was it on account of the ancient construction of the Calf? Or was it on account of the idolatry of the people? Was it for the blood of the prophets? Was it for the adultery and fornication of Israel? By no means, for in all these transgressions they always found pardon open to them. But it was because they killed the Son of their Benefactor.” (Compare R. Yohanan ben Torta (130s); 272M np "aBB Pox PAB" NTA TS BANK hpy JO JDK PPD TAMIARD DAK TINA TAY NBT MPD AMY hs OTN TY DD Sram ne O'R PR POT NK PAMAY v9 7799 MDB MAwy|D PIM MN) c. 9m: Conflicting views on moving on an rma 177 => RY BIT) WIP OPIII-VPB TTY WIR ap Ta WN 37:41 § DITO syabn qo AMay mp nana nTAvY Ovn,..7wsbN MH ITBFPN .. May Mywa plan oa? KM yw OATS _nmiay rnp avon sp mmay Mp nav NNAsw ovr. A|N WAT__A AN TT ATT TP