Reflexive Reselection in ALU Reflexive reselection is a name that appears in csv files generated from OMC-R.

And thats the same with the parameter BCCH Freq. in BA(BCCH) list which can be found in Cell Description Tab under Reselection Management. If it is enabled in a cell, the serving BCCH can be seen as neighbor at the same time. What is N_EGNCY_HO? It is the minimum number of TCH reserved for HO only and it is enabled mostly on Highway Sites. What is ALLOC_ANYWAY? It is related to it like if it is YES, then MO/MT can be established on a cell where N_EGNCY_HO>0 and if FALSE then MO/MT cannot be established on that N_EGNCY_HO. What is N_TCH_HO? Will just keep the N Cleanest TCH timeslots for incoming HO. If those timeslots are the last remaining, a Call Setup can use them! How can traffic be shifted from 1 TRX to another? To move traffic, you can adjust the TRX parameter called TRX_PREF_MARK. A high value will make the TRX more desirable from CS point of view. At least 1 TRX should be = 0, in order to activate PS services in the cell (only TRX pref mark= 0 is able to carry PS Traffic) What does the parameter PS_PREF_BCCH_TRX do? PS PREF BCCH TRX is useful when all TRXs are set with TRX Pref MARK = 0. When all TRXs are set with TRX PREF MARK = 0 then PS PREF MARK for 1 of them can be used and PS Traffic from BCCH TRX if the value of this parameter is lower. Defining SDCCH/8 on BCCH TRX If BCCH TRX goes down, then its logical configuration (all 8 TSs) are shifted to another TRX. So the recommendation is to have 2 SDCCH on the BCCH TRX, and then 1 SDCCH on the other TRXs. The last TRX should have no SDCCH in order to favor it for PDCH Allocation (the idea is to have 8 consecutive TCH/PDCH on the same TRX) Any Drawbacks associated with enabling EDGE/GPRS in the BCCH TRX? It is a good setting to prefer the GPRS on st BCCH. It means that the 1 PDCH is allocated on the BCCH TRX first, and then if more PDCH are needed, they will be allocated on the other TRX. The BCCH is better because of: Better frequency planning (usually) No DL Power Control/No DL DTX

**In 3GPP TS 05.08 version 8.23.0, particularly in section 7 it has been said that if 8PSK is used in BCCH carrier then cell selection, reselection and HO procedures involving these cells will be somewhat sub-optimal. Because the BCCH carrier will send some TSs in GMSK (Max Power) and other TSs in 8PSK (with a power which is a bit less than GMSK). So the neighbor MS will measure this particular with a level which is somewhat lower than reality (measurements are performed on any timeslots of the BCCH carrier, not the TS0 only)*** Multiple CCCH: if a cell having multiple CCCH configuration and there is one other TS other than TS 0, then how many CCCH blocks will be available on this extra TS. Will it be 51 Multiframe as normally 4 consecutive TS make 1 CCCH block so is it 12 CCCH blocks and 3 Idle TS or is it different? Normally 9 CCCH Blocks on TS 0 (36 TS out of 51) are available while the rest is divided between Frequency, Synchornization, BCCH and Idle *The 2 CCCH TS is a duplicate of the BCCH TS. It contains exactly the same number of CCCH Blocks, divided between AGCH and PCH the same way as the BCCH TS. What advantages does it offer?
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If Combined BCCH (i.e. BCCH+SDCCH/4) then there are 3 blocks of CCCH and if non-Combined BCCH then there are 9 Blocks of CCCH. According to 3GPP specs extra BCCH+CCCH timeslots can be configured on 2, 4 and 6. The parameter involved is CCCH_CONF Parameter. One can configure addition BCCH+CCCH Slot in TS 2 in every Cell of that LAC and will increase the Paging Capacity 2 times. The PCH load must not exceed 60% or else there will be Quality issues. The Paging Capacity depends on how many CCCH Blocks are reserved for PCH, the number of BCCH+CCCH Blocks and whether IMSI or TMSI is used for Paging. *If there are 2 LACs each with say 125 cells and the same number of TRXs currently operating with single CCCH TS (CCCH_Conf=0, res_ag_blks=2 and bs_pa_mfrms=2) and if 1 CCCH is added for all cells then both the LACs can be combined while keeping other variables same? Secondly, Paging Request Message Type 3 carrying Paging Message for 4 MSs will take 1 CCCH Block (4 Consecutive TSs) The Second CCCH is a duplicate that would double the capacity of RACH, PCH and AGCH, but the FCCH and SCH are not duplicated. The corresponding bursts are set to Idle. 2 LACs can be merged as lo ng as all the cells in both LACs have mCCCH. The drawback is that there is a loss of 1 TCH TS in all the Cells. Furthermore, 1 Paging Request = 1 CCCH Block (whatever the number of MS contained in the Paging Request) *We normally go for LAC Splitting after PPS for a particular LAC crosses the figure of 40. PPS on which interface? On the Abis or the A interface? On Air/Abis Interfaces: MAX= 33 page/s without mCCCH and max=66page/s with mCCCH. On A interface: it depends on the BSC processing capacity. How are these values computed? 33 Pages/second or 40 pages/second. With settings as (CCCH_CONF=0, res_ag_blks=2 and bs_pa_mfrms=2). We have a total of 28 Paging blocks during an interval of 941.5ms (235*4) which makes that network will repeat paging for same paging group after almost (941.5/28) 33ms. (assumption is 1 CCCH Block = 1 Page). Now if we take the inverse of 33ms it will make 29.74 Pages per second. The difference lies in the number of PCH Blocks within the 9 CCCH Blocks. According to your settings, there are 2AGCH Blocks 7 PCH Blocks. Second assumption is: in average there are only 2.5 MS being paged per Paging Request (ratio of IMSI Paging and TMSI Paging.. Type 1, 2, 3 and all). 3 Assumption: the 60% load. I have taken into account all 7 PCH blocks but difference is I have taken 1 MS per 1 CCCH Block and 100% Load. If 2 MS per CCCH at 60% load, PPS =(30*2)*0.6 =36 While for 3 MS per CCCH Block it would be 54. In our network we are using mixture of Paging Request Types 1 and 3 Here is the computation: PCH Capacity, Non-Combined Cell, BS_AG_BLKS_RES = 4(AGCH Block). Therefore 9-4 = 5 PCH Blocks (default configuration). 5 PCH Blocks/Multiframe * (3600s/235ms) = 76,594 PCH Blocks/hour. 2.5 paging per block due to average usage of the TMSI & IMSI Paging Methods: 2.5 Paging/Block x 76,594 Blocks = 191,485 Paging/Hour @ 100% load. If 60% Engineering limit applied: 114,891 Paging/Hour, or 31.91 Paging/Second
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CCCH load is a great optimization topic. The Limit of 33pages/s is more of threshold, used by design team to define how many cells per LAC should be planned. In the network, the BSC is collecting PM Counters, and some of them are about Paging load, such as: Number of paging requests sent on Air interface Number of paging blocks sent on Air Interface

With these 2 indicators you can know: Paging Load per second (you will get the average value, but thats good enough, thanks to efficient queuing mechanisms in the PCH) Number of Paging Requests per Block in the cell with a high amount of paging, @ BH you will see that there are much more than 2 paging requests per block on the average.

What is the recommended value of AGBLK in the network (Alcatel)? It depends on the PCH load. But it is safe to put dynamic AGCH everywhere. BS_AG_BLKS_RES = 1 (only 1 Block Reserved statically) AG_PREMPT_PCH =1 (Enable The AGCH blocks will preempt the PCH Blocks if more than 1 AGCH blocks are needed) Recommended BS_AG_BLKS_RES =1 for Combined BCCH with SDCCH while it is =4 in case of non-combined, but take into consideration the PCH Load in case BS_AG_BLKS_RES =4 What are the advantages and disadvantages of using multiple CCCH Channels on a cell? Disadvantage: 1 TCH is reconfigured as a CCCH TS. Advantage: Double the paging, Access Grant and Random Access Capacities. Its the only way to have big cell configurations (>12 TRX) without having control channels congestion. A requirement especially when the PS Paging Load is added on top of the CS Paging. The 9 CCCH per BCCH is a bit light. In one cell there are declared 2 SDCCHs or 16 subchannels. Sometimes the available count is 15? Because in 1 SDCCH, we define SDCCB, so the configuration stands 7SDCCH subchannels+1SDCCB+8SDCCH subchannels. SDCCB = SDCCH/4+CBCH. In Alcatel the SDH is a timeslot configured with 7SDCCH Subchannels + 1 SMS-CB (Cell Broadcast) subchannel. Check the TS configuration in the RNUSM Cell Edit. If no SDH is defined then there is SD Availability issue! E1 for TRX: With standard OML/RSL multiplexing: 1 E1 has 32 Timeslots, with: 1 TS for physical signaling/synchronization 1 TS per group of 4 RSL (=4TRX) 2 TS per TRX

A BTS with 4 TRX use 10 E1 TS (1x4) A BTS with 5 TRX use 13 E1 TS A BTS with 6 TRX use 15 E1 TS A BTS with 7 TRX use 17 E1 TS A BTS with 8 TRX use 19 E1 TS (2x4) A BTS with 9 TRX use 22 E1 TS A BTS with 10 TRX use 24 E1 TS A BTS with 11 TRX use 26 E1 TS A BTS with 12 TRX use 28 E1 TS (3x4) A BTS with 13 TRX use 31 E1 TS A BTS with 14 TRX use 32 E1 TS (4/4/6) In Alcatel, with a more aggressive multiplexing, one can reach more TRXs per E1 (but less radio TSs for TCH can be defined) (up to 16 TRX/E1). It can be useful for remote BTS with Abis over Satellite. The previous TRXs are grouped in several Cells. Then only a single TRX per Cell will have a BCCH Channel. Other Timeslots are configured for signaling or Traffic (TCH) in a variable ratio. How to improve TBF Drops? Ensure the GSM QoS is good in the cell i.e. no interference, neighbors are defined rxlev>85dBm at the cell border etc. you should also check that the cell is not preempting some of the PDCH to voice calls (leading to TBF drops) or that the MFS/SGSN/GGSN are all working properly and that there is no congestion on Ater and Gb interfaces. The problem was with UL TBF Success Rate where I encountered high failure rate due to radio. There is this parameter in Alcatel to prioritize the BCCH TRX (PS_PREF_BCCH_TRX). When this was enabled, there was a significant improvement but there was a degradation on GSM QoS, call drops and HOSR degraded. There can be only 2 reasons: Faulty TRX or Bad Frequency Yes, it points to a frequency problem. In RNO, can you check which TRX are carrying most of the Erlang TCH? If B10 you can check the number of PDCH allocation per TRX. This could help you find out which TRX has issues. If you are using SFH, then it seems that the BCCH is clean but the MA List used on the other TRXs is a very dirty one. A popular saying: If only my wife was as dirty as your TRX 1234Check frequency in BBH and the retransmission rate in those cells. If high retransmission for sure there is a frequency issue Try use BCCH TRX TS for PDCH Make sure (E)GPRS Link Adaptation is enabled IF Frequency change does not help, limit the EGPRS coding scheme up to MCS7.

Your problem is there because the Alcatel algorithm wants you to have Pref_Mark_0 i.e. least prioritized for at least 1 TRX if GPRS/EDGE is enabled, and this is the TRX on which the PDCHs would be allocated. You probably shifted PDCH

to BCCH TRX by changing its pref_mark to 0 and PS_PREF_BCCH_TRX. So automatically your GSM Calls are now disfavored for this TRX. What you can do is to define your BCCH on the max GSM TRX count available e.g. TRX-4 if you have 4 TRXs. Keep all Pref_Marks at 0. Since Alcatel uses back filling, your BCCH would be preferred for both CS and PS. BCCH Failure let us assume that there 2 TRXs in a Sector. And First TRX Contains BCCH and SDCCH/8. In the 2 TRX all 8 TS are used for TCH Purpose. A call is going on TRX2. IF suddenly TRX1 fails. What will happen? Assume there is no other Sectors nearby! After the Failure of TRX1, the BCCH and SDCCH will be transferred immediately to TRX2. The whole ARFCN gets shifted. So in this case there would not be any non-BCCH ARFCN and hence calls that were earlier on non-BCCH TRX will be dropped. One can lock BCCH TRX where all Traffic on it will be lost but other TRXs in this sector remains working and will handle traffic. How to balance traffic between GSM and DCS? In Alcatel BSC level we have a preferred band. Depending on your settings, retuning some paramters among the below listed may help you achieve the desired Traffic Balance. CRO Load HO Allowed Load HO Threshold Inter-layer HO Threshold RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN TCH_TRAFFIC_BUSY_Threshold (%age) AMR TCH/H Prior Cell Load Threshold EDGE HO UL RX_LEV Threshold EDGE HO DL RX_LEV Trehsold AMR DL RX_LEV Upper Threshold AMR DL RX_LEV Lower Threshold AMR UL RX_LEV Upper Threshold AMR DL RX_LEV Lower Threshold DL RX_LEV Upper Threshold DL RX_LEV Lower Threshold UL RX_LEV Upper Threshold UL RX_LEV Lower Threshold UL Expected Level at HO Access
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The difference in power between 1800 and 900 cells is usually 10 dB, so if you got a twin layer, traffic will normally be on 900 cells. Favour initialization on the 1800 cells e.g putting a Cell Reselect Offset on them (14, 16, 20, 24, 30 etc) depending on the %age of traffic you want on this layer) Maintain the traffic on the 1800 cells and favor HO towards them: increase HO_Margin from 1800 to 900 cells, and decrease from 900 to 1800 cells.

E1 to TRX Mapping How many TRX can be connected in 1 E1? Each TRX needs 2E1 TS (64*2 = 128kbps). Each TRX needs 16 kbps for signaling, so 4 TRX can fit in E1 TS. So for 4/4/4 configuration 24E1 timeslots for actual voice traffic and 3E1 timeslots th for signaling. 0 TS for synchronization and 16 timeslot for O&M link.

So, 24+3+2 = 29 Timeslots are occupied. We are left with only 3 E1 Timeslots. I can put one more TRX, again occupying 2E1 timeslots and the last one for signaling out of which 48kbps is still free. So, all in all we can connect 13 TRX at max with 1:4 multiplexing. But, I have connected 14 TRX in 1 E1 in Nortel. And at the most we can connect 15 TRX in 1 E1 with LADP concentrated mode 2. But I cannot justify more than 13 TRX in 1 E1 logically. What is 1:4 multiplexing? What is 1:1 multiplexing in which we can at max 10 TRX? What is LAPD Concentrated Mode th 2? Is it important that only 16 E1 TS should be given for O&M link? Signaling TSLs depends on the vendor systems you are using. But in general, 1 TRX takes 2 TSLs on a E1. Motorola has combined signaling while Nokia has separated TRX signaling and many more. 1:4 and 4:1 multiplexing/demultiplexing th takes place in transcoder. 16 TSL for signaling is worldwide with PSTN networks. We need 2 E1 timeslots for 1 TRX (64*2 = 128kbps). Motorola has combined signaling. Combined with the 2 TSs in which the actual data is being transferred i.e in the same 128kbps only? If it is like this that the TRX signaling is adjusted in the 2 TSs only, then 2*15 TRX = 30 E1 Channels. We can connect 15 TRX in 1E1 (of course 0 TS given for th Synchronization and 16 for O&M link). Which protocol is it configured with? Is it LAPD Concentrated mode 2? It is vendor specific. Motorola has combined 64K ( or more) known as RSL for every site and Nokia has this signaling distributed for every TRX and finally OMU. With Motorola, you can go up to 14 TRX (0 SYNC, 1-RSL, 16 O&M, 29 Remaining so you can connect 14 TRXs max). RSL is the physical channel that carries the signaling of 1 TRX (SACCH and SDCCH, if there are SDCCH on the TRX). Now the whole purpose is to use ABIS as much as possible for TCH. So we need to multiplex several RSL together as much as possible, and even multiplex them with OML. Of course, you reduce the capacity for RSL risking some ABIS congestion. So these are the possible solutions (TS= 164kbps on the ABIS) 1-No Multiplexing 1 OML = 1TS 1 RSL = 1 TS 1 TRX = 2TS 2- Static Mx 1 OML = 1TS 1 RSL = 0.25 TS (16kbps) (only one config: 4 RSL will be put on 1 TS) 1 TRX = 2TS 3- 64kb/s statistical Mx 1 OML + 4 RSL = 64kbps (1 RSL can use up to 64kbps if the 3 others dont use their BW. Contrarily to the Static Mx, where 1 RSL cannot use more than 16kbps) 1 TRX =2TS

4-16kbps Statistical Mx This is a particular configuration: each radio TS0 of each TRX must carry the BCCH or a SDCCH. No TCH allowed on TSO!! 1 TRX =1.75 TS OML+RSL = 0.25 TS (For the first TRX) RSL =0.25 TS (for the other TRXs) So with the solution 16kbps statistical mx a cell with 4 TRX will use only 8 Abis TS. 0 Sync 131 = 15 TRX + 1 Abis TS unused Finally, even if 1 BTS cannot use 14 TRX, one ABIS Link can be shared by several BTS. FYI, an Alcatel BTS can go up to 24 TRX 1 E1= 2Mbps In Motorola BSS we use 1 RSL (1 Abis TS) per 1 BTS and 1 CTU (TRX) per 1 RTF (2 Abis TS). Try to compute: 1E1 (Abis) =32 TS -1 TS (Sync. TS0). You have 31 TS to use in Abis. 1 TS for RSL and 30 TS for RTF 1 Abis maximum 1BTS with 15 CTU (TRX)

In Motorola, 1 RSL =1 BTS? This is very surprising. Normally, 1 RSL = 1 TRX. And it is possible to put 4 RSL on 1 Abis TS (64kbps) or is it also possible to multiplex the RSL within the TRXs 2 Abis TS. How can Motorola carry the signaling of 1 BTS of 15 TRX through only 64kbps?