1992 .

12

The Journal of the Russian Association

for Fire Safety Science (Pozhnauka)

CONTENTS

. .

GENERAL QUESTIONS
OF FIRE SAFETY
2

. .

Korobko V. B. Reference Points of Development

of Nonstate Examination

COMBUSTION PROCESSES
11

Strizhak P. . Ignition of Liquid Combustible and

Highly Inflammable Substances by Typical Sources with
Limited Energy Content

FIRE MODELING

. ., . .

29

Kuznetsov G. V., Baranovskiy N. V. Deterministic

Component of Forest Fire Danger Forecast Technique
for Unstated Reasons

. .

34

Lopanov A. N. Molecular Modeling of Detonation

and Explosive Processes under the Theory of the Activated Complex

,
,
. ., . .

FIRE SAFETY OF BUILDINGS,

STRUCTURES, OBJECTS
39

Golinko V. I., Kotlyarov A. K. Control of Dust

Explosiveness the Mountain Making Coal Mines

FIRE EXTINGUISHING

. .

44

Abduragimov I. M. New Strategy and Tactics

of Extinguishing of Forest Fires

. ., . .

53

Dushkin A. L., Lovchinskiy S. Ye. Combustible Liquid Flame and Water Mist Interaction

. .

DISCUSSION
56

58

Tarantsev A. A. About Some Positions of Article

Percolation Model of Fire Development

FIRE-AND-EXPLOSION SAFETY.
REFERENCE BOOK

,
, H.

Ulrichs Periodicals Directory.
.

Pozhnauka (Russian Association for Fire Safety Science)

. .

- . , ,

614.841.33

.
: ; ; ;
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.
2011 .

1. : 29.12.2004 190- : . 22.12.2004 ; . . 24.12.2004 // . 2004.
30 . 290 ; . . 2005. 3 . 1 (. I).
2. : . 27.12.2002 184- : .
15.12.2002 ; . . 18.12.2002 // . 2002. 245.
3. : . 384- : . 23.12.2009 ; . . 25.12.2009 // . 2009.
31 . 255 ; . 2010. 35.
4. : . 22.07.2008
123- : . 04.07.2008 ; . . 11.07.2008 //
. 2008. 163 ; . . 2008. 28 . 30 (. I).
C. 3579.
6 2011 .
: vkorobko@mail.ru.

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

. .

. .-. ,

,
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536.468

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(. . 1, ).

. ., 2011

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

11


,
.
.
, , . .

[616, 57]:
, , ,
;

.
,
, [616].
(0 < x < X2, Y1 < y < Y2;
X 1 < x < X2 , Y 2 < y < Y3 ; X 1 < x < H, Y 3 < y < Y4 ;
0 < x < H, Y4 < y < L):
:

2 w 2 w
T
w
w
w
+u
+v
= n1 2 +
+ bg 1 ; (1)
2
t
x
y
x
y
x
l

:
2y
x 2

2y
y 2

= w;

:
T
T
T
r 1 C1 1 + u 1 + v 1 =
x
y
t
2
2
T
T1
= l1 21 +
+ Q W ;
y 2
x

. 1. :
; ; ; ;

12

(4)

:
Cf + Co = 1.

(3)

:
f
f
f
=
r4
+u
+v
x
y
t
2 f
2 f
= r 4 D4
+
- W ;
2
y 2
x

(2)

(5)

(0 < x < X1, Y2 < y < Y4):

:
r 2C 2

2T
T2
2T2 Wc Qc
= l 2 22 +
+ L .
t
y 2
p
x

(6)

(0 < x < H, 0 < y < Y1;

X2 < x < H, Y2 < y < Y4):

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

:
r 3C 3

2T
T3
2T3
= l 3 23 +
.
t
y 2
x

(7)

w , 1;
t , ;
u, v

x y , /;
x, y ;
n , 2/;
b , 1;
g , /2;
T , ;
T0 , ;
y , 2/;
r , /3;
C , /();
l , /();
Qo , /;
Wo , /(3);
Cf (0 < Cf < 1);
D , 2/c;
Co ;
Wc , /(2);
Qc , /;
Lp , ;
1, 2, 3, 4 ,
, ,
, .
, Wc W [616].
(1)(7)
[58].
- [58].
[58]
[59].
[6063].
( Tp, Lp Hp)
[68] (. 2). --

. 2. () () (1)
- (2)

.
td Tp, Lp Hp (. . 2)
[57]. Tp Lp, Hp ,
,
. ,
.
. , td
,

[68].
td, (. . 2, 1) - (. . 2, 2) ,
, [68].
, ,

. [68],
td ( -

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

13


) ta [57].
[911]
(, ;
; )
. (. 3),
, .
( )
, , .
,

,
.
,
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[911].

(, )
[12], ,
, (. 4).
[12].
, , , [35].
[13],
Tp

(. 5).

.

14

. 3. : 1
; 2
; 3

. 4. (1) (2)

. 5. : 1 (hs = 0,2 , ls = 0,4 ); 2

.
,
, .
,
, td .

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

. 7. (1) (2)

(. 6, ); 3 (. 6, ).
[612]
. ,

[612] [14] . [15, 16]

. [15, 16]
[612] (. 7).
.

[613] [14] .

. 6. :
td = 0,549 , hs = 0,2 , ls = 0,4 , Tp = 1150 ;
td = 0,267 , hs = 0,2 , ls = 0,4 , Tp = 1250 ;
td = 0,126 , hs = 0,4 , ls = 0,8 , Tp = 1250

[13] : 1 (. 6, ); 2
-

[1733]
(. . 1, ). (1)(7),
[1733].
(, , ,
) ,

(, , , )
[1720]. , (. 8)

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

15

. 8.

: 1 , Rp = 3 ; 2
, Rp = Zp = 3 ; 3 (. . 1, ),
Hp = Lp = 3 ; 4 , Hp = Lp = 3

[1720]. .
, , [1720]. ,
,
,
, .
, td.
, , .
, .

td (. . 8). td

[1720].
. (.
. 1, ) , .
Ll ,
, Ll.
[1720] , -

16

Ll
,
.
, .
td (. . 8).
Tp <
< 1300
[1720].
, , . ,
, (Tp < 1300 ).

S [21, 22].
td
[21, 22] c Spl Spv ,
S

(. 9). , S = 0,5 S = 2 td
.
td
S = 0,5.
, Spv
Spl .

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

. 9.

R p = Zp = 3 S
Tp = 1500 (S1 = 0,125, S2 = 2, S1, S2
S, )


S 0,5 td
, S < 0,125 . [21, 22] , S
Ll .

. S

, td .
, S Spl .

, . ,
.

. , , S > 2 ,
.

[23, 24]. td Lnp (. 10),
Rp, ,

Lnp
(1 Lnp < L*; 2 Lnp = L*; 3 Lnp > L*,
L* Lnp, ).
td
. Tp = 1000 L*
0,5 [23, 24], Tp > 1000 L* . ,
Tp
.

Tp < 1000 L*

. 10. R p = Zp = 3 Lnp Tp = 1000

Lnp td .
[23, 24] , Lnp ( ),
.
Lnp . [23, 24], , ,

(L*)
. L* .
,
,
( ). [2528], , ,
(. 11).
, .

, .
[2528].
[29] (. 12),

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

17

. 11.

. 12. (1)
(2)

td

. td 1 2
(. . 12) (Tp = 1000 )
6 %. Tp
,
td, . ,
, ,
,
.
.

.

18

( Tp > 1300 td 1
2 1 %).
( ), ,
, [29].
[2528]
[29] ,
.
.

[2528],

.
- ,

[30, 31]. ,
. Wo
[30, 31]. Tp ,
, ,
.
td . , .
0,3 [30, 31]
(td = 1,465 ). Tp ( td) ,
. , ,
Tp = 1700 td = 0,071 0,1 ;
0,04 ; 0,01
[30, 31].

[1733], , . -

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11


. . ,

, Tp
.
.
- , , .
. 13.
(1) (2)

[32, 33]. ,


15 % (. 13). , , [32, 33]. ,
, Tp = 1200 14,3 %,
Tp = 2000 0,5 %.
Tp 1 2
( 0,1 %). ,
.

. ,
td
Tp . td ( 1 2) ,
, .
[32, 33]
, td (. . 13, 1 2),
, , , . , , (Tp > 2000 ) 1 2
1 %,
(Tp < 1200 ) 14 %.
, Tp [32, 33]. ,
,

[5256] , , (, , , )
. [54],


( ). ,
.
(. . 1, )

( ,
, . .).


[3436], , , ,
.
(. 14)
[3739].
[3439]
, ,
. , , -

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

19


(, Lpl = 3040
Tp = 12501400 ), .
,
,
, ,
, .

,
, ,
.
, ,
.

,
[40, 41].
. [40, 41]


j Tp (. 15).
td Tp j.

, .

. 14.
:
, Lp = 2 , Hp = 4 ,
Ux0 = 0,5 /c, a = 1 /c2, Lpl = 20 , Ta = 308 , Cw0 = 0;
, Lp = 2 , Hp = 4 ,
Tp = 1500 , a = 1 /c2, Lpl = 20 , T = 308 , Cw0 = 0;

, Lp = 2 , Hp = 4 , Tp = 1500 ,
a = 1 /c2, Ux0 = 0,5 /c, T = 308 , Cw0 = 0; , Lp = 2 , Hp = 4 ,
Tp = 1500 , a = 1 /c2, Ux0 = 0,5 /c, Lpl = 20 , Cw0 = 0;
, Lp = 2 ,
Hp = 4 , Tp = 1500 , a = 1 /c2, Ux0 = 0,5 /c, Lpl = 20 ,
T = 308

20

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

. 15. j
,


,
Tp j
. . 15 [40, 41], ( )
( ).
,
. ,
, ,
,
, ,

- .

,

. ,
- .
,


, .





[4247]
, . 1, .

,

. 1,4 /2.
(,
. .), ,
, ,
, .

/2, -

Hl 100 900 /2 [4247].

(. 16)

( 1) ( 2) ,


Hl. , P
R1 Hl ,
[4247]. (r = 0),
Hl
,
. -
.
, .
,

.
.

.
(. . 16). ,
, ,

[4247].
. -

. 16.

(1) (2)

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

21


. , .
, [4247].
, .

,
.
.

c [4247]:

. 17.

c

c = P (Qe We pR12 ) ,

P , ;
Qe
, /;
We , /(2c);
R1 , .
c ,
, , . ,
P , . We
. c We , P,
(r = 0, z = Z1).
c [4247] (. 17),


, (clim = 8).
,
- [4247]. . 18

( )
Hl. . 18,
-

22

. 18.

(1)
(2)

(Hl < 3105 /2).
4105 /2 . ,
[4547], .
Hl ,
,
.



, ,
[64].

. -
-

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11



[48, 49] [64]. [48, 49]

(. . 1, ).
[48, 49] [64]
Ts 25 % (. 19).
Ts 950 1050 3 %. td , [48, 49] [64].
Tp = Ts = 1000 td

[48, 49]. ,

td 0,053 ,
0,915 . , ,
(td = 0,053 ) [48, 49]. ,
,
, ,
,
, .
Tp = 1420 td = 0,053 .

0,915 .
900 < Ts < 1500
td , 0,25 .
[48, 49],
(. 20). , .
.

. ,

. 19.
Rd = 2
: A. J. Dean
[64]; D. F. Davidson
[64]; [48, 49]

. 20.
Rd = 2 Vd
Ts: 1 700 ; 2 800 ; 3 900 ; 4 1000 ; 5 1100 ;
6 1200 ; 7 1300 ; 8 1400 ; 9 1500

.
.

,
. (Vd > 0,25 /)
,

. .
[48, 49].
,
(Vd > 0,35 /)
(. . 20). Ts > 1400
(td > 0,07 ). (Ts > 1400 ) -

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

23


td ,
0 Vd 0,15 /,
(
1 %). ,
[48, 49],
,
.
, , ( ) [48, 49].
[651]
(, , ,
. .)
, , :
1)

;
2)

,
;
3) , ;
4)
(
2 /) ;
5)
( ,
,
[651]);
6) (, , , ) .
[651]

24

. , , ( ,
) [651].
, ,
, .
. ,
, .
,
.

, , ,
,
400800 . ,

.
(, , .).
[651] .
, ,

, , . , ,
[651] ( )
.
,

.
***

(330.2010.8).

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11



1. . ., . ., . .
// . 2010. . 19, 10.
. 5355.
2. . . . . : , 2007. 268 .
3. . ., . . . . : ,
1991. 320 .
4. . . , . . : , 1970. 408 .
5. . . . - . . : , 1973. 443 .
6. . ., . .
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9. Kuznetsov G. V., Strizhak P. A. Heat and mass transfer at the ignition of a liquid substance by a single
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22. . ., . . //
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25


23. . ., . . // .
2009. 2. . 6064.
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26

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43. Vysokomornaya O. V., Kuznetsov G. V., Strizhak P. A. Numerical analysis of heat-mass transfer
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63. / . . , . . . : , 1975. . 1.
743 .
64. Dagaut P., Cathonnet M. The ignition, oxidation, and combustion of kerosene: a review of experimental and kinetic modeling // Progress in Energy and Combustion Science. 2006. Vol. 32.
P. 4892.
26 2011 .
: pavelspa@tpu.ru

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

27

. .

. .

- .-. ,

,
. ,

. .-. ,
,
, . ,

533.6

*
() . . . .
: ; ; ; ; ; .

[1], ,
.
:
, , .
,
,
:

.
,
.

[2].
, * - .-. , .,
. .
.

[3]. ,


.



.


[4].

, . [5]
,
.

,
.

.
0,03 < j1 < 0,06 [5]. ,
.

. ., . ., 2011

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

29




.
. . [6]
, .
,
573 40,7 % [7].

.
-: 2CO +
+ O2 2CO2.
. (
; ; ). .
. : 1) ; 2)
. . 1 .


(1)(2),
(12), (18) . - - [8].
[9].

:
2T
T1
2T1
- qp k1r 1 j1
= l ef 21 +
t
z 2
x
(1)
E
exp - 1 + (1 - j1 ) q s exp ( -k r r ef z ) .
RT1

r ef c ef

:
r 2 c2

2T
T2
2T2
= l 2 22 +
t
z 2
x

+ q 5 (1 - n 5 ) R 5 . (2)

(1)(2):
a 1 (T - Tes ) = l1

0:
l1

1:

T1
T2
= l2
+ j1 q s , T1 = T2;
z
z
a 2 (Tea - T ) = l 2

2:

T1
;
z

T1
= 0;
x

l1

3.1:
3.2:

T2
;
z

a 2 (Tea - T ) = l 2

4.2:

(5)

(7)

T2
= 0;
x

l2

(4)

(6)

T1 = T1s ;

4.1:

(3)

(8)
T2
.
x

(9)

(1)(2):
Ti

t=0

= Ti 0 , i = 1, 2.

(10)

:
r1

j1
E
= -k1r 1 j1 exp - 1 ;
t
RT1
j1

t=0

= j10 ;

(11)

j i = 1.
i =1

:
2C 4
C 4
2C 4
= D
+
2
t
z 2
x

M4
M 5 R5 .

(12)

(12):
1:

rD

C 4
= 0;
z

(13)

2:

rD

C 4
= 0;
z

(14)

4.1:

rD

C 4
= 0;
x

(15)

4.2:

rD

C 4
= 0.
x

(16)

(12):
. 1. :

30

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

C4

t=0

= C 4, 0 .

(17)



:
2C 5
C 5
2C 5
= D
+
2
t
z 2
x

- R5 .

(18)

(18):
1:

rD

C 5
= Y5 ;
z

(19)

2:

rD

C 5
= 0;
z

(20)

4.1:

rD

C 5
= 0;
x

(21)

4.2:

rD

C 5
= 0.
x

(22)

(18):
5

t=0

= C 5, 0 .

(23)

:
6

Ci

= 1.

(24)

i= 4

(24):
6

t=0

= C 6, 0 .

(25)

R5 [10]:
E
R 5 = k 5 M 5T -2, 25 exp - 5
RT1
x 0, 25 x 2 , x1 > 0,05
;
1
x1 0,05
x1 x 2 ,
xi =

Ci
.
Ck
Mk Mi
k =4
6

; Y5 ; k5
; E5 ; xi ; es, ea, 0, ef ,

, ,
.

: r1 = 500 /3; r2 =
= 0,1 /3; c1 = 1400 /(); c2 = 1200 /();
l1 = 0,102 /(); l2 = 0,1 /(); qp = 1000 /;
k1 = 3,63104; E1/R = 9400 ; j1,0 = 1; q5 = 107 /;
k5 = 31013 1; E5/R = 11500 ; n5 = 0,3; a1 = 20 /(2);
a2 = 80 /(2); D = 106 ; M4 = 0,032; M5 = 0,028;
M6 = 0,044; kr = 5,1 2/.

(26)

(27)

Ti , ri , ci , li , , , (1 , 2
); i , Mi
(4 , 5 , 6
); x, z ; qp
; k1 ;
j1 ; E1
; R ; qs
; kr
; t ; q5 ; n5 ,
; R5
; a1 ; a2 ; D -

, [11]. ,
10- [12] .
[11]
40 %. , ,
. tign ,
. qs
30 /2
. tign

qs,
/2

tign,

[11]

15

144

99

20

98

62

197207

25

64

33

93100

30

53

26

4042

35

46

21

2730

40

42

18

1826

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

31

. 2.
qs = 40 /2

. 3. qs = 40 /2

.
Oxz . 2.
.
. .
, , ,

,
,
. ,
.
. . 3

Oxz
. ,
.

[3] (i)

P(A) ;
P(Aj, i /A) ;
P(/A, Aj, i) = P(C) P(11/C) ;
P(C) , (

[13]);
P(11/C)
.

.
[14]:

P(i) = P(A) P(Aj,i /A) P(/A, Aj, i),

32

P ( 11 C ) = N N ,

N , ;
N .
.

. .

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11



1. . ., . . . : - , 2009. 301 .
2. . . : . . . .
: , 2005. 174 .
3. . ., . . - // . 2011. . 20, 6. . 2427.
4. . . // . . , 1970. . 558.
5. . ., . ., . ., . . // . 2002. . 38, 1. . 3035.
6. . .
. : , 1992. 408 .
7. . . . . : , 1957. 252 .
8. . ., . . .
. : . 2001. 320 .
9. . . . . : , 1983. . 3336.
10. . ., . . //
. 2002. . 38, 6. . 1729.
11. . ., . . // . . . II: . 2010. . XVIII. . 337340.
12. - . . 3. . . 16. . 20
(, , ). . : , 1993. 718 .
13. . ., . . ,
// - .
2003. . 76, 5. . 166169.
14. . ., . . : .
: - , 2006. 204 .
18 2011 .
: firedanger@narod.ru.

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

33

. .

- . , ,

. . . , . ,

661.541.427.6+534.222.2

, ( ). , , .
2,4,6-; . ,
2,4,6- 70008000 / . , 40004500
, . .
: ; ;
2,4,6-; .

, ,
. , () ,
. [15]. ,
, . .

, [1, 6, 7].
.

, . , ,
, .

( ).
,
.




,
[8, 9]. , DS* DH*
:
=c

(1)

, c1;
c ; c = 01;
k ; k = 1,381021 /;
, ;
h ; h = 6,6261034 .
, , -

. ., 2011

34

kT D S * / R - D H * /(RT )
e
e
,
h

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11


2,4,6-

===,

N=O

ArH

CH,

ArCH3

CN

487,4

435,0

421,6

413,2

332,0

275,9

44,9

43,4

43,0

46,6

47,8

46,2

,
/
,
/()
, ,
, :
3500
4000
4500

9,631014
1,191014
2,331015

1,911014 1,261014 6,131015

2,941015 2,061015 1,041015
6,851016 5,051016 2,611016

, .
, .

.
,
, (
), :
v=

1
10 t 3 d ( N A )

; t=

1
N0

2,711014
7,831017
2,581017

- ,
,
/

5,751017 6,171013
1,761017 7,461014
6,991018 1,501014

1000
8178
8374

[10] (. ).
:

t dN ; d N = N d t;
0

dN = N 0 e - t ; t = 1 ,

(2)

v , /;
t , ;
N0 ;
t , ;
d , /3;
N , t;
NA ; N = 6,0221023 1;
, /.
, ,
2,4,6- () ( ) .
, -

(1)
:
= 8,4271013 1 ( 1,1871014 ). ,
, 1,70109 1
( 5,881010 ). ,
,
:
.
,
.

:

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

35

,
, (4)(7).

.
5,6971016 1,2781016 1.

( 9,6261015 1) ( 8,4271013 1).
, .
,
() :
t = 6 1,187 1014 + 2 2,062 1015 + 3 1,755 1017 +
+ 7,825 1017 = 7,458 1014 c.

(2) 4000 1604 /3. 8178 /.

()
.
4500
(41109 /). ,

4500 , 8374 / (. ). , 40004500 : (
4000 )
-

36

, (4500 )
. 40004500

.
. ,
, . , , 4000
10201026 . :
N2 = N + N; H2 = H + H; O2 = O + O.

, ,
,

(
):
M 5/ 6
t=
.
10 N A5 / 6 3 d NA 3 kT
,
(35)1010 ,
9000 /
1,81013 31013 1.
,

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11


,
:
C + O = CO, 1; CO + O = CO2, 2;
N + O = NO, 3; NO + O = NO2, 4;
dx
dt
dy
dt
dz
dt
df
dt

= 1 ( 7 - x ) ( 3,5 - x - y - z - f )

= 2 ( x - y ) ( 3,5 - x - y - z - f )

.
= 3 ( 3,5 - z ) ( 3,5 - x - y - z - f )

= 4 ( z - f ) ( 3,5 - x - y - z - f )

(8)

1, 2, 3, 4 , 1; x, y, z, f , 2, NO, NO2, t; 7
; 3,5
, ,
.
, NO
1,3 C, N O,
:

. 1. () ()

1 3 2,671013 1;
2 4 2,051013 1.

(8)
(. 1 2). . ,
, (II).
,
.
(74 %) NO
( NO NO2 +89,924 +33,873 /)
0,75 (II).

,
:
C7H5N3O6 = 2,75CO + 0,25CO2 + 4C + 2,5H2O +
+ 1,44N2 + 0,12NO2.

. 2. ()
()

961,55 /
(4,285 /),
, 4,14,3 / [5].

, ,

1.
( ) -

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

37


: , .
2. ,
,
. ,
38004000 ,

7000 8000 /, .
3.
40004500
.
4000

, 4500
.
40004500
.
4. . , .

, , .

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

. . . .. : - , 1944. 71 .
. ., . . . . : , 1955. . 63101.
. . . . : , 1984. . 143201.
Baker W. E., Cox P. A., Westine P. S., Kulesz J. J., Strehlow R. A. Explosion and Evaluation // Elsevier
Scientific Publishing Company (Amsterdam). Oxford New York, 1983. P. 3238.
., . . . : , 1973. . 3578.
., ., . . . : ,
1981. 392 .
. ., . ., . ., . . : . : , 2003. 279 .
. . : . : - , 2010. 210 .
. . : . : - , 2008.
516 .
. . . . 3-, . . . : ,
1975. 584 .
11 2011 .
: alopanov@yandex.ru.

38

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

 , ,

. .

. .

. . ,

, . ,

- . , ,

,
. ,

622.807:622.86

. .
: ; ; ; ; ; .

. ,
,
. -
, , .
,
[1].
, .


.



.


:

;
;
;
;
.

[2].
.
.
,
,
. ,
[2].

-,
.

(-1 -1), ( -1)
[35].
- ,

l
l
l
l
l

. ., . ., 2011

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

39

 , ,
,
.
10100 /2
20 %

. ,
.
, , [2].
, ,
, , .
[6]
, .
, , . ,
,
.

. ,
-
.

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, ,

,
. .
, , , , .

[7].

40

,
.


,
(,
).
,
,

. , , [7],
, .
(,
, ).
[8],

C = f (l ) , , :
C = (C 0 - c ) exp ( -bl ) + c,

(1)

0
, /3;
b ,
, 1;
l
, .
( ), .
.


, [9].

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

 , ,
, (,
100 ).

( )
.


, ,
.
( )
( ).
,

( ) ( ).
.
0,3 / [10, 11], ,
.
U [12, 13]:
U 10,1 S ,

(2)

S , 2.
.

, .
(, ) .

, , ,
.
[14] , ,

m = jM,

(3)

m ,
, ;
j , ;
, .
,
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. , ,
, , ,
.
, ,
,
:

;
( ), . . ,
;
, ,
, , , ,
.
, ,
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, (. . ).
,


.
, . -

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

41

 , ,

. [10, 11, 13]

.

, , ,
( , ). ( )
.
( )
.

.

, .
,

-

, .
,

.
,
,


.
,
.
, ,
, ,
.


.

1. //
. : , 1996. . 1. . 361417.
2. . ., . ., . . .
. . : , 1992. 298 .
3.
// . . , . . , . . . // . :
. : , 1988. . 7384.
4. Krzystolik P., Lebecki K. Further development of the analyzer for quick control of solid incombustible
content // Proceedings of the 21th International conference of Safety in Mines Research Institutes.
Sydney, 1985. P. 427432.
5. . . 1346815 (). / . .,
. ., . . . . 1987, . 39.
6. . ., . ., . . . . : , 1981. 264 .
7. . ., . .
// . 2001. 6. C. 2426.
8. . .
// . 2001. 2.
. 4952.

42

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

 , ,
9. . ., . ., . . . . : ,
1983. 213 .
10. . . . .., 1951. 490 .
11. . ., . . . :
, 1984. 200 .
12. / . ., . .,
. ., . . . : , 1974. 304 .
13. . ., . . .
. : , 1965. 231 .
14. . . // , , . , 1983. . 8891.
27 2011 .
: golinko@nmu.org.ua.

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

43

. .

- . , ,
, ,
. ,

614.842.8

, , , .
-17 -32, , , 100150
, , 2012 ., 3500 .
: ; ; ; ; .

( 2011 .) . ,
,
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.), 2010 .
. , ( 23 ), 34 .
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; ,
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.
, . , , , ,
. . [3, 4].
,
? [5] :
,
. , :
.

. ., 2011

44

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

:
1. , . , , .
. ,
2007 . [1].
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.
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2. , 1011
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ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

45


( ,
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. 70- XX
:

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11


34 , . 1012 . .,
3,54,0 . .
,
,
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[7, 15]. ( )
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20102011 .! , ,
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[1722], 20082011 . [79].
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ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

47




. [26], . .
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[9, 1725]
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ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

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ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

49


2.
(
).
3. ( , ) 200250 , . .
1012 ,
, ,
, ,
., 20
(,

).
4. 2,53,0
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ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11


), -,
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,
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.

1. : . 200- 04.12.2006 : .
08.11.2006 : . . 24.11.2006 : . 01.01.2007 // . 2006. 8 . 277 ; . . 2006. 50. C. 5278.
2. . ( ). ( ) // [-]. 2010.
3. . : ?
// . 2011. 4 . 121 (25.659).
4. . // . 2010. 24 . 260 (25.507). . 1; 7.
5. . ? // . 2011. 17 .
183 (25.721).
6. .
// [-]. 2010.
7. . () // [-].
2011 ; . 2011. . 20, 6. . 5458.
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9. . // . 2011. . 20, 5. . 4151.
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14. : . 22.07.2008
123- : . 04.07.2008; . . 11.07.2008 //
. 2008. 163 ; . . 2008. 30.
15. . - // [c] : .
[-]. 2005.
16. . . : XXIII . .
(17 2011). ., 2011.

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

51


17. . //
. . . . 1982. XXVII. . 1117.
18. . // . . . . 1986. XXI. . 4. . 18.
19. . . - . . :
, 1980.
20. . :
. . : - . . . , 2011.
21. . ( ) //
[-]. 2010. URL : http://dibase.ru/article/27112010_abduragimoviosifmikaelevich_6647/1.
22. . //
. 2007. 8.
23. ., . // . 1993. 2.
24. . //
. 1991. . 2. . 2554.
25. . // . 1992. 26 . 112
(8633).
26. . // . 2011. 29 . 141 (25.679).
27. : // . 2011. 7 .
201 (25.739).
28. : . , , 15 2011 .
29 2011 .
: ptm01@bk.ru.

52

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

. .

. .

. . , ,
- ,
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614.841

. ,
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() .

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63

ABSTRACTS

Reference Points of Development

of Nonstate Examination
Korobko V. B., Dr. of Technics, Professor,
Independent Expert
Expert estimations of a current situation are given and tendencies of development of building examination in a direction of wide introduction of nonstate examination are
designated.
Keywords: state examination; nonstate examination; technical regulation; Technical enactment about safety of buildings and constructions; Technical enactment about requirements of fire safety.

Ignition of Liquid Combustible and Highly

Inflammable Substances by Typical Sources
with Limited Energy Content
Strizhak P. ., Cand. of Physics-Mathematics,
Associated Professor of National Research Tomsk
Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
Analysis of state-of-the-art for theoretical investigations
of physical and chemical processes at ignition of liquid
condensed substances by local heating is carry out. Physical and mathematical models for ignition of big masses,
thin films and single droplets of liquid combustible and
highly inflammable substances by typical sources with
limited energy content (metallic and nonmetallic particles, wires, focused fluxes of radiation) are presented.
Possible directions of investigations and developments on
the base of mathematical modeling for liquid condensed
substances ignition at local heating are indicated.
Keywords: ignition; liquid combustible and highly inflammable substances; particle; wire; flux of radiation;
fire dangerous.

Deterministic Component of Forest Fire Danger

Forecast Technique for Unstated Reasons
Kuznetsov G. V., Dr. of Physics-Mathematics,
Professor of National Research Tomsk Polytechnic
University, Tomsk, Russia
Baranovskiy N. V., Cand. of Physics-Mathematics,
Chief Lecturer, Doctoral Candidate of National
Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
Mathematical model of the forest fuel layer ignition by
focused flow of sunlight is submitted. Flat statement of
the problem in cartesian system of coordinates is considered. Ignition conditions of the forest fuel layer are
established depending on intensity of radiation. Metho-

64

dological questions of the forest fire danger forecast for

unstated reasons are discussed.
Keywords: ignition; forest fuel; chemical reaction; glass;
focused sunlight; forecast.

Molecular Modeling of Detonation and

Explosive Processes under the Theory
of the Activated Complex
Lopanov A. N., Dr. of Technics, Professor,
Head of Department Safety of Vital Activity
of Belgorod Shukhov State Technology University,
Belgorod, Russia
The present paper offers a molecular model of explosive
and detonating processes based on the activated complex
theory (a transition state theory). It is demonstrated that
bond breaking within a molecule of an explosive occurs
not simultaneously but successively with the formation of
various intermediate complexes. Formal decay schemes
of a classical 2,4,6-trinitrotoluol explosive are presented,
detonation speeds at different temperatures at the detonation wave front are calculated. It is shown that the
main factor which influences the speed of a detonating
process is the temperature at the detonation wave front.
The design 2,4,6-trinitrotoluol detonation speed falls
within the range of 70008000 m/s that conforms to the
experimental value. It is shown that at the temperatures of
40004500 K qualitative and quantitative changes in the
detonation mechanism take place. At the detonation wave
front it is necessary to mark out limiting stages of the
process, i. e. the time of particle (atoms) motion before the
activated complex formation and the bond breaking time.
The solution of the differential equations system of the
kinetics process makes it possible to forecast a quantitative and qualitative composition of explosion
products.
Keywords: activated complex theory; model of explosive
and detonating processes; 2,4,6-trinitrotoluol decay speed;
kinetics of accumulating explosion resultants.

Control of Dust Explosiveness the Mountain

Making Coal Mines
Golinko V. I., Dr. of Technics, Professor,
Head of Department of National Mining University,
Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine
Kotlyarov A. K., Cand. of Technics, Senior
Research Assistant of National Mining University,
Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine
The analysis of existent methods and controls danger of
origin of explosions of dust is executed in the mountain

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

ABSTRACTS
making of mines. The method of control of explosive danger
of making is grounded on results measuring of dust concentration in a mine atmosphere after the area of intensive
dust deposit.
Keywords: explosiveness; dust; control; method; mountain making; mine.

New Strategy and Tactics

of Extinguishing of Forest Fires
Abduragimov I. M., Dr. of Technics, Professor,
Academician of NSAFS, Colonel of Internal Service,
Moscow, Russia
It is shown that the problem of struggle against forest fires
can be successfully solved in the new, Russian way of
their extinguishing at an early, initial stage of their
development. It can be reached by combination of the
Soviet way of winged firemen and the modernized
Soviet helicopters Mi-17 or Ka-32 used in new quality,
especially if to take into consideration that the helicopter
park of only 100150 cars, and number of winged firemen taking into account the rates of its increase declared

by Federal agency of a forestry of the Russian Federation

for 2012 for this purpose is required, will make more than
3500 people.
Keywords: forest fire; extinguishing; strategy and tactics;
helicopter; winged firemen.

Combustible Liquid Flame and Water Mist

Interaction
Dushkin A. L., Cand. of Technics, Leading
Research Fellow, Senior Research Worker
of Moscow Aviation Institute, Moscow, Russia
Lovchinskiy S. Ye., Engineer of Moscow Aviation
Institute, Moscow, Russia
The experimental research results on combustible liquid
fire suppression by water mist are covered in this paper. It is
shown that two mechanisms of combustible liquid flame
suppression are realized: oxygen concentration decrease
due to its vapour substitution and liquid surface and combustible gas cooling.
Keywords: water mist; suppression; combustible liquids;
concentration; delivery intensity.

ISSN 0869-7493 2011 20 11

65

 :
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. .

. :
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. .
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..., . .

:
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. .

Chairman of Editorial Council:

Dr.Sc.(Eng.), Professor, Academician of International Academy
f Ecology and Life Safety A. Ya. Korolchenko

Deputy of Chairman of Editorial Council:

Dr.Sc.(Eng.), Professor, Corresponding Member
of the National Academy of Fire Science Yu. M. Gluhovenko
Dr.Sc.(Eng.), Professor, an Active Member of the New-York Academy
of Sciences V. V. Molkov
Dr.Sc.(Eng.), Professor V. P. Nazarov

Editorial Council:
Dr.Sc.(Eng.), Professor, Full Member of National Academy
of Fire Science, the Honoured Scientist of the Russian Federation
A. N. Baratov
Dr.Sc.(Eng.), Professor N. M. Barbin
Dr.Sc.(Eng.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy
of Natural Sciences, the Honoured Scientist of the Russian
Federation N. N. Brushlinskiy
Cand.Sc.(Eng.), Professor E. E. Kiryuhantsev
Cand.Sc.(Eng.) D. A. Korolchenko
Cand.Sc.(Eng.) V. A. Merkulov
Dr.Sc.(Eng.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy
of Natural Sciences A. V. Mishuev

..., ,
. .

Dr.Sc.(Eng.), Professor, Full Member of National Academy

V. M. Roitman

..., ,
. .

Dr.Sc.(Eng.), Professor, Full Member of National Academy

of Fire Science B. B. Serkov

..., , -
. .
..., , ,
. .
..., -
. .
..., ,
. .
. .
..., ,
. .

:

..., ,
. .
-
. .

. .

Dr.Sc.(Eng.), Professor, Corresponding Member

of the National Academy of Fire Science S. V. Puzach
Dr.Sc.(Eng.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy
of Natural Sciences, National Academy of Fire Science
N. G. Topolskiy
Dr.Sc.(Eng.), Corresponding Member of International Academy
of Ecology and Life Safety N. A. Tyichino
Dr.Sc.(Eng.), Professor, Full Member of National Academy
of Fire Science Yu. N. Shebeko
Professor Thomas Jim Shields
Dr.Sc.(Eng.), Professor, Academician nd the Honoured Member
of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences
V. V. Kholshchevnikov

Editorial Office:
Deputy Editor-in-Chief
Dr.Sc.(Eng.), Professor, Academician of International Academy
f Ecology and Life Safety A. Ya. Korolchenko
Editor-in-Chief
N. N. Sokolova
Editor
L. V. Krylova

O
./: (495) 228-09-03, (495) 737-65-74, 8-909-940-63-94
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