..

:


*, *, *
*, *, *
*n;, *m;
*n| ; ; *m ; m; *r;| r, r (r )
* i ( ; ).
ai, au , ( , , i, u e, o, ai, au
: ).
(*kw ..) , (*k ..);
: *k ; *g j2; *gh h2.
k, g, gh c, j1, h1; sk
ch (= cch).
.
*l r ( l).

( )

A1
A2
I1
I2
U1
U2
R1
R2
L1
M1
M2
N1
N2

( samprasran<a)

Gun<a

Vr;ddhi

i,
i

r;
r, r
l;
a
m
a

ai

au

ar

al
am

l
m

an

Gun<a

Vr;ddhi

r;

ya
y
va
v
ra

y
v
r

: ; , g gun<a;

v vr;ddhi. ( ) (; ).
( ) : ,
( , , + ) gun<a vr;ddhi, gun<a; .
( ) : A2 i, , ; I, U: i ?, e, ai, u?, o, au iy, ay, y,
uv, av, v; R: r;, r, r r, ir, ur; M1: a m; N: a, n. y:
i, u, r; , , ri ( ); M1 a am; N1 a an.
, ,
i. U2, R2, M2, N2,
gun<a vr;ddhi, ( ). ( , i, set <, anit <.) , , .

 ( )
(.. [ ,
-su, -bhis, -bhyas, -bhym])
[ ]
1. : a? + a? ; i ? + i ? ; u? + u?
2. :
a? + i ? e
a? + e ( ai) ai
a? + u? o
a? + o ( au) au
a? + r; ar
3. I, U, R; : i ? y; u? v; r; r
4. E, O, AI, AU :
e + a e; o + a o ( ; )
o V ( )
ai V ; au V v
5. ( s):
t , , l, c, ch, j, jh, t<, t<h, d<,
d<h (. t + jh jjh); t n (. t + m nm); t + cch;
k, t<, t, p + h ggh, d<d<h, ddh, bbh;
k, t<, t, p , .
6. :
m C m\
n + nech; n + t(h) m\st(h); n + t<(h) m\s<t<(h); n + c(h) m\c(h); n + l m\ll
V^n V V^nn (. an + i anni)
7. s r:
s r : r; t(h) s;
t<(h) s<; c(h) ; h<..
as s . s , as + a o (NB ), as
o. ( as s, ar r , .. r .)
(.. )
[ ( )]
1. , , (. -nts
n). , , ; : , j1, h1 k; , s<, ch, j2, h2 t<.
2. s (. a-tp-s-ta atpta).
3. k, r , a? ( + h< m\)
s s<. , , , s<, ch, j (), h () + s ks<.
4. (2- s, t, th dh):
) , s<, ch, j2 ( ks<) + t(h) s<t<(h);
) bh, dh, gh + t(h) bdh, ddh, gdh; h1 + t(h) gdh;
) s + dh dh; , s<, ch, j2 ( ks<) + dh d<h; h2 + t(h) d<h;
i, u, a , , o;
)
, c j1 k (. bhs ps, gt kt, tdh
ddh, cdh gdh).
. 14. b, d g bh, dh, gh h (.
budh) . : ,
s , (. bhot-sya-ti
).
5. n: d n, j1 g, c k.
6. .
. . : e, ai, o, au ay, y, av, v, , . (: - [. ]
i ?, u?, r; ai, au, r.)
7. :

) n: n , (
) s<, r, r; r;| , n n< ( nn n<n<).
, , s<, r, r; r;| n (
y), ( s<, r) ( ,
, y);
) . (. nc nec),
(m\) (. ns m\s); , cn, jn cne, jne.

, . ,
, .
+: (= vr;ddhi gun<a ,
, ar, an, ant, vant, mant, yam\ s, vam\ s).
*: ; -, -, -, . .
: -r-, a -ar- (. pitaras ).
[V]: ( , a, , i, u, r;) .

Sg N
+
Voc +
A
+
I
D
Abl G
L
Pl NVoc +
Am
f
I
D Abl
G
L
Du NVocA
+
I D Abl
GL
Sg NVocA n
Pl NVocA n
Du NVocA
n

-s; [, , ar, an] -

- (. = N)
-am; [V] m
-
-e (*-ai)
-as (*-s)
-i (*-m)
-as
-as; [V] ~n
-as; [V] ~s
-bhis
-bhyas
-m; [V] ~nm
-su
-au
-bhym
-os
-
-i; [V] ~ni
-

+ ( )
a

I
u
ar
an

E
e
o
ar
an
r-am
n-am
E-N-A
A-Y-
i-N-
u-N- r-
n-
yA
-Y-ai*
ay-e
av-e
r-e
n-e
Abl D -Y-s*
e-S
o-S
UR-
n-as
G a-SYA
-Y-m*
AU-
au-
ar-i
(a)n-I
ay-as
av-as r-as
n-as

r;| -n
n-as
r;| -s

AIS
r;-bhis
a-bhis
E-bhyas
r;-bhyas
a-bhyas
r;| -n<m
nm
E-s<u
r;-s<u
a-su
-
-
r-au
n-au
-bhym
a-Y-os
a-M

A-Y-os

r;-bhym
r-os
r;
r;| -n<i
r-

a-bhym
n-os
a
n-I
(a)n-

 : Nsg dev , Vsg devi; Vsg vadhu (

vadhs ); in Nsg m bal , n bali, Ipl balibhis; as, us NApl n manm\ si,
caks<m\ s<i ( manas , caks<us ).
-ant (.), -vant (-mant), -yam\ s, -vam\ s: Nsg m pacan
, bhagavn , kanyn , vidvn ; Asg m pacantam,
bhagavantam, kanym\ sam, vidvm\ sam; Isg m pacat, bhagavat, kanyas, vidus<; Ipl m pacadbhis,
bhagavadbhis, kanyobhis, vidvadbhis.
( / ):
, aham, tvam; A mm / m, tvm / tv; I may, tvay; D mahyam / me, tubhyam / te;
Abl mad, tvad; G mama / me, tava / te; L mayi, tvayi.
, vayam, yyam; A asmn / nas, I asmabhis, D asmabhyam / nas, Abl asmad,
G asmkam / nas, L asmsu; asm- yus<m- nas vas.
, vm, yuvm; I D Abl vbhym, yuvbhym; G L vayos, yuvayos; A, D
G nau, vm.
. : - . , , m n -, f -, . : Nsg n yad;
sg m-n D yasmai, Abl yasmd, L yasmin; sg f D yasyai, Abl G yasys, L yasym; Npl m ye; Gpl mn yes<m, f ysm. : anya- , katara- , katama- ( ena- , [ .]).
Eka- , sarva- , , viva- , , sva- ya-, Nsg n -d,
-m (. ekam). Ka- , , Nsg n kim ().
: sa , Nsg m sa ( sas), f s; t, s (. tad, tena, tasmai ..). es<a , (etad, etena, etasmai ..).
: ayam , Nsg m ayam, f iyam, n idam; Asg m imam, f imm, n idam;
ya-, N A V im-, Isg GLdu ana, - (. Npl m ime, Isg m anena, Dsg m asmai, Gpl m es<m).
asau (m, f), adas (n) (. ).

C
~ : .
[]: ( + ) .
+: . (= ).
*: , . ( 3).
[V]: ( e, o).
|| ,
.

.
Sg 1

-mi ~ +

-si

3
Pl 1
2
3

-ti +
-mas ~
-tha
-anti
(-ati*)
|| -nti
-vas ~
-thas
-tas

Du 1
2
3
part.
f

Activum
.
.
-am, + -ni +
[V]-m
-s +
-dhi, [V]
-hi || -
-t +
-tu
+
-ma ~
-ma +
-ta
-ta
-an
-antu
(-ur*)
(-atu*)
|| -n
|| -ntu
-va ~
-va +
-tam
-tam
-tm
-tm

-ant- (-at-*) || -nt-at || -nt

Medium
.
.

.
-a +

.
-e || -i

-i

-ai

.
-e

-tha +

-se

-ths

-sva

-s<e

-a +
-ma
-a
-ur

-te
-mahe ~
-dhve
-ate
|| -nte

-ta
-mahi ~
-dhvam
-ata
|| -nta

-tm
-mahai
-dhvam
-atm
|| -ntm

-e
-mahe
-dhve
-re

-va
-athur
-atur

-vahe ~
-the [e]
-te [e]

-vahi ~
-thm[e]
-tm [e]

-vahai
-thm [e]
-tm [e]

-vahe
-the
-te

-vam\s-us<-

-na- || -mna-n- || -mn-

1 g -anaya-ti

6 -atuda-ti

4 -yakupya-ti

-chagacha-ti

10 g -aya

( / )

2 g /
e-mi / i-mas
3 .

+ g /

-na- / . -n

8 g -o- / -u
5 -no- /

-nu-

9 -n- / -n( V -n-)

dad-mi / dad-ati
chinad-mi
/ chind-mas, chind-anti
kar-o-mi / kur-u-tha , kur-v-anti
su-no-mi / su-nu-mas,
su-nv-anti
badh-n-mi
/ badh-n-mas, badh-n-anti

: a- + , . . a-naya-m ,
a-chinad-am , a-kar-av-am , a-chind-ma .

: a- + , .
( ):
1. 2.
2. 6.
3. : 3 sg act ajjanat, addr;at ( ).

4. -i-: Act. v -s-; Med. i, , u g -s-,

-s-. 2 3 sg act s . . ( ji ):
Act. ajais<am, ajais<s, ajais<t, ajais<ma, ajais<t<a, ajais<ur .., Med. ajes<i, ajes<t<hs ..

5. c -i-: Act. v -is<-, g -is<-; Med. g

-is<-. 2 3 sg act -is<- + -h< -t. . ( p ):
Act. apvis<am, apvs, apvt, apvis<ma, apvis<t<a, apvis<ur .., Med. apavis<i, apavis<t<hs ..

: . + .
. ,
k c g, h j; s +
, s (. tasthau sth).
. : i I, u U, . (NB
samprasran<a: uvaca vac, iyaja yaj, cima, jima [ u-uc-, i-ij]). , , . .
. 3 sg act + vr;ddhi, gun<a (NB: v/g). 2 sg act gun<a; 1 sg act : 2 sg 3 sg. .
: (.
, ), . ten- *tatn- tan .
( yuj , kr; , tan , d ):
Act. yuyoja, yuyojitha, yuyoja, yuyujima, yuyuja, yuyujur..., Med. yuyuje, yuyujis<e, yuyuje...;
Act. cakara ( cakra), cakartha, cakra, cakr;ma, cakra, cakrur..., Med. cakre, cakr;s<e...;
Act. tatana ( tatna), tatantha ( tenitha, NB), tatna, tenima, tena, tenur..., Med. tene, tenis<e...;
Act. dadau (NB), dadtha ( daditha, NB), dadau (NB), dadima, dada, dadur...
: (, , )[ ] + y / (y Act.
. , ; y V), . . bhaveyam
, bhaves, bhavet... (NB 3 pl bhaveyur), Med. bhaveya (NB), bhaveths, bhaveta... (
. bhava-); chindym , chindys, chindyt... (NB 3 pl chindyur),
Med. chindya (NB), chindths, chindta... ( . chind-).

: g -sya- ( -is<ya-), dsyati , bhavis<yati .

: adsyam .
2: -tar- ( N) + as ( 3- , ):
dtsmi , dtsi, dt, dtsmas, dtstha, dtras, dtsvas, dtsthas, dtrau.
: = . : ( m).

(): -ya- (.. 4- ); Med. chidyate , ucyate , (on dit) ( vac).

(
): ( ) + m
sa cakara [Med. cakre] ( as kar ) bodhaym sa
( bodhayati ).

: g -tum ( -itum) dtum, chettum, bhavitum. ( .)

( . , .
): -ta- ( -ita-), d ( anit <) R2

( ) -na-; . bhta- , , ukta- ( vac), rudita, chinna- ( chid), prn<a- , .

-tavant ( ): -(i)ta-
-vant- uktavant- .

: -tv ( -itv), -ya ( -tya) bhtv , uktv, ruditv, chittv; pra-bhya .

: g -tavya- ( -itavya-), g -anya-, v/g -ya- dtavya- ,

karan<ya- , chedya- .

: g -a- (m) [ c, j k, g] ( +

i ?, u? v -a-) hava- ( h), roga- ( ruj), tpa- , ;

g -ana- (n) pacana- ; g -man- (n) janman- ; g -as- (n) ravas

( ru); -ti- (f) pluti- .

: g -tar- ( -itar-) janitar- , dtar- (.

2); g -in- ( v -in-) vdin- ; g -aka- ( v -aka-) bodhaka, . , ( -ti-).

: g -tra- ( -itra-) (n) ptra- p .

.

: v/g -aya- bodhayati , krayati , vcayati

( 3, ; -ta-, -ya-, -ana- -aya- ; : . abbudhat, . bodhaym sa, . bodhita, bodhyate,
bodhana-). p, . sthpayati sth . :
ghtayati han ( .).

: . ( i [ U c u]) + ( g ) + -sa- ( -is<a-) jijnesate ( -su-: jijnesu- ;

-s-: jijnes- , ).
: 3, . (.. , e, o, ar, al, am, an
. ) roravti ( ru ).
: ( -a-) + -aya- mr;gayate ( mr;ga- ).
( ): -- -- --;
+ --. . nav- , pap- , kumr- , balin- ,
mahat- ( nava-, papa-, kumra-, balin-, mahant-). i, as,
u . .
: -a-, -ya-, -eya-, -ya-, -ka-, -aka-, -ika-, -in-, -vant-, -mant( vr;ddhi ). . daiva-, daivya-, daivika- , deva, balin- bala- , keavant- kea- .
( vr;ddhi ): -a-, -ya- ( , ), -eya- ( ,
) kaurava- [] Kuru, kaunteya- [] Kunt.
: ) -t- (f), -tva- (n) prn<at- , amr;tatva- ; ) -a- (n),
-ya- (n) ( vr;ddhi ) vaidhavya- vidhav- .
: -tara- (.), -tama- (.) priyatara-, priyatama- priya

; g -yam\ s- (.), g -is<t<ha- (.) ( ) ks<epyam\

s-, ks<epis<t<ha- ks<ipra- , laghyam\ s-, laghis<t<ha- laghu- .
: -ka- (m), -k-, -ik- (f) putraka- .
. ( ): tatpurus<a
, , , ; karmadhraya , ; dvandva -, -. (
, ): bahuvrhi , , .



; * ; AR, AN, AM
() ; [i] i . -ta ( [ ]
, ) ( []).
AJ 1*[i] (ago); ANJe 7 (unguo); AD 2* (, edo, eat); AN 2, 1*[i]
(anima); AR , (. r;cha-, 5) (orior); ARH 1*[i] (lfnw
); AS 2 (, est, is); 5* (apiscor); S 2*[i] (stai );
I 2 (ire); IDH 7 (aqw ); IS< (. icha-) (ask); KS< 1*[i]; UC
, 4 (); KAR ( sam-, pari-, upa- SKAR) 5, 8
(); KART (. kr;nta-) (); KARS< , 1; KALP fit, succeed 1; KUP
, 4 (, cupio); KRAM , 1; KR 9 (prasqai,
.-. ); KLID 4; KS<AM 1; KS<I 9, 5 (fqnw); KS<IP 6 (. -); KS<UDH 4[i] (. ); KHAN 1; GAM
(. gacha-) (come, venio, banw); GAR , 9 (, . bard-); GAR2 , 6 (, , de-voro); GARDH 4 (); G 3*; G2
4 (gya-) (); GRABH (GRAH) 9[] (, grab); CAKS< 2*; CAR , 1*[i] (plomai, kkloj, , wheel); CI , 5 (poiw ,
); CI2 3, 1; CIT 1 (, ); CUD , impel 1[i] (); CYU
, 1; CHID , 7 (scindo, sczw); JAN 1 (genus,
gigno, kin); JAR , () 1 (, , corn, grwn); J ( JY) ,
1, 9 (jin-/jin-) (. ziyn , . ); JV 1*[i] (, vivo,
boj); JUS< , like 6 (gustus, choose); JNe 9 (jn-/jn-)* (cognosco, gignskw,
know); TAK 2* (); TAKS< , , 1* (, texo, tcnh
, ); TAN 8 (tendo, tenw); TAP , 1, 4* (, ,
tepeo); TAM , , 4 (); TAR , 1,
6 (trans); TARP , 4; TARS< be thirsty 4[i] (torreo );
TARH (H2) , 7 (); TUD , 6 (tundo); TUS<
, 4 (); TYAJ 1*; TRAS , 1*
(, , terreo ); TVAR 1*[i]; DAm\\ (. daa-) (dknw );
DAR , 9 (, drw, tear); DAR (. paya-!) (drkomai); DAH
1* (); D 3 (. datta-) (do, ddwmi); DI 6 (dico, deknumi,
zeigen); DIH 2 (, fingo); DUS< 4 (dus-, . duman ); DUH 2;
DYUT 1; DR 2* (po-didrskw ); DR2 2* (, dormio);
DRUH , 4; DVIS< 2; DHAM 1*[i] ( DHM*) ();
DHAR (. .); DHARS< 5 (. dare); DH , 3 (.
hita-) (, tqhmi, facio, do); DH2 4 (dhaya-) (, , femina, filius); NAM 1; NA 4* (nekrj, neco); N 1; NUD , 6 (, need); PAC
, 1* (coquo); PAT<H , , , 1*[i]; PAT ,
, 1*[i] (ptomai , peto ); PAD , 4*; PAR ( PR
*) 9, 3 (pleo, plenus, full); PAR2 , , 3 (, porto,
fahren); PA ( SPA) 4* (specio, skptomai < spek-, spy); P ( PAI) (. piba- !)
(bibo, potus); P2 , 2* (pasco); PI , , (. pim\a-)
(, ); PIS< , 7 (, , pinso); PUS< 4, 9 (, ); P 9 (pun-/pun-) (purus); PRACH , 6 (preco,
fragen); PRATH , 1*[i] (platj, ); PR , like 9 (, , friend); PLU , 1 (plw, pluvia); BANDH 9 (bind);
BUDH , , 1, 4 (, , , peqomai ,
l, bieten); BR 2 (bravti) (. ); BHAKS< 1*[i]; BHAJ , , 1* (, , fgw); BHAR 1, 3 (, ,
fero, frw, bear); BH ( BHS [i]) 2* (fj); BHS< , speak 1*[i] (, );
BHID , 7 (findo, bite); BH 3, 1; BHUJ 6 (biegen, .
); BHUJ2 , 7 (fungor , ); BH ,
1 (fui, fsij, be); BHRAM , , 1, 4; MANTH -

, , 1, 9[i] (, -); MAD , ,

1, 4* (madeo , ); MAN 4 (, ,
memini, at-matoj, mean); MAR 1 (morior, Mord, murder); MAR2 ,
9 (, molo, mahlen); MARJ , 2, 1, 6; MARD , 9
(. , ); MARS< , 4[i]; M 3 (mtron, messen); M
, 9 (min-/min-); MUC , (. muneca-) (,
); MUD 1[i]; MUS< 9[i] ( etc.); YAJ (J2) 1
(gioj); YAM , (. yacha-); Y , 2*; YU 2, 6; YUJ
7 (, iungo, zegnumi); YUDH 4; RAKS< 1*[i] (lxw); RAM
, , 1; R 4*; RDH , , 5, 4* (, , ready); RIC , 7 (linquo, lepw, leave); RU ,
1 (rumor); RUC 1[i] (, lux, leukj, Licht); RUJ , 6 (lugeo
); RUD , 2[i] (rudo); RUDH ( RUH) 1 (, Leute, liber , leqeroj ); RUDH2 , 7; LAP 1*[i]; LAMBH (
RAMBH) , 6, 1 (lambnw); LIP ( RIP) , (. limpa-) (,
lpoj ); LIH ( RIH) (H2) 2 (lecw, lingo, lick); LUP ( RUP) , ,
(. lumpa-) (); LUBH 4 (, libido, lieben, love); LOK
1*[i] (. ruc); VAKS< 6[i] (wachsen, axnw, augeo); VAC 3, 2 (vox, poj);
VAD 1[i] (); VAN , , 8 (win); VAR , , 5 (aperio, -); VAR2 9 (, , volo, Wahl
, will); VARJ , , 7 (); VART ,
1 (verto, werden); VARDH 1 (. ); VARS< rain 1; VAS , 1[i] (Wesen, . was); VAS2 2*[i] (vestis); VAH (2) (veho, Wagen); V
, 2, 4* (, wehen); VNeCH 1*[i] (wnschen, wish); VID 2[i] (,
, video, oda, da, wissen); VID2 (. vinda-); VIP 1[i] (. vibro);
VI , 6 ( , vicus, okoj); Am\\S 1; AK 5*;
AM , 4 (mya-) (kmnw ); S , , 2; 2, 1 (kemai); UC 1([i]), US< 4 (); RAM 4
(rmya-), 1, RI , 1 (, clino, klnw, lehnen, lean); VIT
1 (); RU 5 (r;n<o-/r;n<u-) (, cluo, klw); SAC , 1[i] (sequor, pomai, sehen, see); SANeJ (. saja-); SAD (. sda-)* (,
sedeo, zomai, sit); SAN , 8; SAR 1, 3; SARJ , , 6; SARP 1 (serpo, rpw); SAH (H2) 1* (cw , .
scon, Sieg); S (. sya-); SIC , (. sineca-)(.-. );
SV 4 (, suo, . sew); SU 5 (sucus); S 2 (, son); STAN thunder 1*[i] (, , stnw, stnoj); STAR , 9 (, sterno,
stratus, strew); STU 2 ( STUBH 1) ; STH (. tis<t<ha-) (, sto, sthmi,
stehen); SN , 2* (nare ); SNIH , , , 4 (, Schnee etc.); SMAR 1; SMI 1 (, smile);
SRAm\\S , 1; SRU 1 (, w, stream); SVAN , 1*[i]
(sono); SVAP 2, 1 (sopor, somnum, pnoj); SVAR 1*[i]; SVID 4 (sweat);
HAN 2 (han-/ghn-) (, , , fnoj ); HAR 1; HARS< , 1, 4[i] (horreo); HAS 1*[i]; H , 3 (heres
, croj ); HU 3 (cw, fusio, giessen); H
( HV) 4 (hvaya-), 1.

ATI , , , , , -; ADHI , ; ANU , , ;

ANTAR , , ; APA , ; API , , ; ABHI
(), , ; AVA , , -; , , -; UD , , -; UPA , ,
-; NI , ; NIS , , ; PAR , ; PARI ;
PRA ; PRATI , ; VI , , , -;
SAM , , .
: A- ( AN-) , ; SA- (),
(); SU- -, -, ; DUS- -, -.
- (): SAHA c, ; VIN ; UPARI .

 ( )
CA , V , TU , , HI , , IVA , , API ,
( : NU , KHALU ); -, -: CIT, SVIT, CANA, API; : EVA,
HA, SMA.
NA ( ), M ().
ITI ( , ),
EVAM .

1- : ka- (ku-) ., ya- ., ta- . (); i- a, eta- ; . .
2- : - (. ta- ), ~dr;- ( ~dr;a-) (t-dr;- t-dr;a- ), ~vant (t-vant- , ), -tra (ta-tra , ), -tas (ta-tas ), -d (ta-d ), -th (ta-th ).

eka-, dva- (+ ubha- ), tri-, catur-, paneca, s<as<, sapta, as<t<au, nava, daa; ata- 100, sahasra- 1000.

10