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Chapter 1: Tools of Geometry Chapter 2: Reasoning and Proof Chapter 3: Parallel and Perpendicular Lines Chapter 4: Congruent Triangles Chapter 5: Relationships Within Triangles Chapter 6: Quadrilaterals Chapter 7: Similarity Chapter 8: Right Triangles and Trigonometry Chapter 9: Transformations Chapter 10: Area Chapter 11: Surface Area and Volume Chapter 12: Circles
Tools of Geometry
1. Identify the ray that is the opposite of .
4.
61 29 151 149 bisects RST. Find the measure of RST if mQST = 45.
mAEB = 83 mBEC = 97 AEB and mDEC are congruent angles. BEC and mCED are vertical angles. 6. a. If EF = 5w + 28, FG = 7w + 20, and EG = 36, find the value of w. b. Find EF and FG.
a. w = 2; b. EF = 38, FG = 34 a. w = 1; b. EF = 23, FG = 13 a. w = 4; b. EF = 48, FG = 48 a. w = 3; b. EF = 43, FG = 41 7. What is the next term in the sequence? 4, 7, 10, 13, .
16 10 14 19 8. Anita is practicing to join the swim team. The first time she timed her lap it was 1 minute and 12 seconds. After one week of practice, her best lap was 1 minute and 9 seconds. After a second week of practice, her best lap was 1 minute and 6 seconds. Use inductive reasoning to predict how long her best lap will be after 3 weeks of practice.
1 minute 3 seconds
1 minute 5 seconds 9. The points of a line can be put into one-to-one correspondence with the real numbers so that the distance between any two points is the _____ of the _____ of the corresponding numbers.
product, absolute values absolute value, difference difference, values sum, squares 10. Which is an incorrect way to name the line?
11. If two lines intersect, then they intersect in exactly _____. line t
one point one line two points one plane 12. Determine the coordinates of the midpoint of and B(2, 2).
AC = 10; BD = 2 AC = 11; BD = 3 AC = 3; BD = 11 AC = 11; BD = 3 15. May's Internet Services designs Web sites. May noticed an increase in her customers over a period of 5 consecutive weeks. The first week she had 1 customer, the second week she had 3 customers, and the third week she had 5 customers. Use inductive reasoning to make a conjecture about the number of customers May will have in the sixth week.
10 12 9 11 16. Which drawing shows a three-dimensional figure sketched from these views?
19 25 22 16 18. A highway map of Ohio has a coordinate grid superimposed on top of the state. Springfield is at point (1, 4) and Columbus is at point (7, 1). The Springfield youth soccer team is going to Columbus to see a professional soccer match. The map shows a highway rest area halfway between the cities. What are the coordinates of the rest area? What is the distance between Springfield and Columbus? (one unit = 5.38 miles)
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A = (29 12) (3 2) A = (29 3) (12 2) A = 29 12 A = (29 2) (123) 20. Noam walks home (8, 4) from school (2, 4) by walking 8 blocks north, then 6 blocks east. How much shorter would his walk be if there were a direct path from the school to his house?
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Tools of Geometry
1. Identify the ray that is the opposite of .
CORRECT: 2. Find the coordinates of the midpoint of the segment connecting H(6, 0) andK(8, 14). CORRECT: (1, 7) 3. Name an angle complementary to COD.
CORRECT: A
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CORRECT: 7. Anita is practicing to join the swim team. The first time she timed her lap it was 1 minute and 12 seconds. After one week of practice, her best lap was 1 minute and 9 seconds. After a second week of practice, her best lap was 1 minute and 6 seconds. Use inductive reasoning to predict how long her best lap will be after 3 weeks of practice. CORRECT: 1 minute 3 seconds 8. What is the first step in constructing a congruent segment? CORRECT: Draw a ray. 9. In the figure shown, name the ray that appears to bisect JKL.
CORRECT: 10. If KM = 305, and KL = 3x + 2, and LM = 5x 1, find the value of x. Then findKL and LM.
CORRECT: x = 38, KL = 116, LM = 189 11. Ralph wants to put up a fence around his rectangular garden, which measures 48 feet by 54 feet. He wants to include the path around it on two sides that is 3 feet wide. How much fencing material does he need?
CORRECT: 216 ft 12. Supplementary angles are two angles whose measures have sum _____. Complementary angles are two angles whose measures have sum _____.
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CORRECT: 180; 90 13. The points of a line can be put into one-to-one correspondence with the real numbers so that the distance between any two points is the _____ of the _____ of the corresponding numbers. CORRECT: absolute value, difference 14. Which figure is a net for a cube?
CORRECT: none of them 16. a. If EF = 5w + 28, FG = 7w + 20, and EG = 36, find the value of w. b. Find EF and FG.
CORRECT: a. w = 1; b. EF = 23, FG = 13 17. Which of the following describes the figure below?
CORRECT: AB = 3; BC =2 ; no, they are not congruent 19. What is the next term in the sequence? 4, 7, 10, 13, .
CORRECT: 16 20. If two planes intersect, then they intersect in exactly _____. CORRECT: one line
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Counterexample: Four points may be non-collinear and yet lie in the same plane. 5. Is it possible to use the Law of Detachment to draw a conclusion? I will go to the cinema if and only if I can afford to buy a ticket. The movie starts at 7:30. Yes, it is possible. No, it is not possible. 6. One way to show that a statement is NOT a good definition is to find a _____. biconditional conditional converse counterexample 7. Which of the following is an example of the Reflexive Property of Equality? If x = 2, then x + 4 = 2 + 4. x2=x2 If y = x + 4, then x + 4 = y. If x 2 = y and y = 4, then x 2 = 4. 8. Find the value of the variable.
2 3 4 5 9. Is the converse of the true statement also true? If four points are non-coplanar, then they are non-collinear. Yes, it is true. No, it is false.
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10. Which biconditional is a good definition? Two angles are adjacent if and only if they share a common side. A point is the midpoint of a segment if and only if it is between the endpoints of the segment. Two angles are supplementary if and only if they form a linear pair. Two lines are parallel if and only if they never intersect. 11. Two angles whose sides are opposite rays are called _____. Two coplanar angles with a common side, a common vertex, and no common interior points are called _____. adjacent angles; vertical angles vertical angles; adjacent angles adjacent angles; complementary angles vertical angles; supplementary angles 12. Which is the converse of this conditional? If it is appropriate, then I play golf. If it is appropriate, then I do not play golf. If I play golf, then it is appropriate. If I do not play golf, then it is appropriate. If it is not appropriate, then I play golf. 13. Which is the Law of Syllogism in symbolic form? If p q and q r are true statements, then p r is a true statement. If p q is a true statement and p is true, then q is true. If p q and q r are false statements, then p r is a false statement. If p q is a false statement and p is false, then q is false. 14. Decide if the statement is reversible. If so, identify the true biconditional. Two lines that intersect at right angles are perpendicular. If two lines intersect at right angles, then they are not perpendicular. If two lines intersect at right angles, then they are perpendicular. Two lines intersect at right angles if and only if they are perpendicular. not reversible
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15. Identify the converse of the conditional statement. Determine the truth values of the original conditional and its converse. If an angle is a right angle, then its measure is 90. If the measure of an angle is 90, then it is a right angle. original: true converse: true If an angle is not a right angle, then its measure is not 90. original: true converse: true If an angle is not a right angle, then its measure is 90. original: true converse: false If the measure of an angle is 90, then it is a right angle. original: true converse: false 16. Complete the proof. Given: A and B are right angles. Prove: A B
a. complementary angles b. Substitution a. right angles b. Reflexive a. right angles b. Distributive a. right angles b. Substitution 17. What is the conclusion of the following statement? "A number is even if the number is divisible by 6." A number is even if the number is divisible by 6. A number is divisible by 6 if the number is even. A number is divisible by 6. The number is even.
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x = 29, y = 60 x = 26, y = 30 x = 26, y = 60 x = 29, y = 30 19. Find the value of the variable.
6 3 5 8 20. Supply the missing step in the following proof. Given: 4x 6y = 8; x = 10 Prove: 8 = y
6y = 32; Multiplication Property of Equality 6y = 48; Subtraction Property of Equality 6y =48; Multiplication Property of Equality 6y = 32; Subtraction Property of Equality
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CORRECT: 4 5. Which is a counterexample that proves this conditional is false? All prime numbers are odd. CORRECT: 2 6. Which biconditional is a good definition? CORRECT: Two angles are adjacent if and only if they share a common side. 7. Identify the converse of the conditional statement. Determine the truth values of the original conditional and its converse. If an angle is a right angle, then its measure is 90. original: true converse: true CORRECT: If the measure of an angle is 90, then it is a right angle. original: true converse: true 8. Select the appropriate property of equality for the statement. If a = b, then a c = b c. CORRECT: Multiplication Property
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CORRECT: BEC and mCED are vertical angles. 10. Select the appropriate property of equality for the statement. If a = b, then b= a. CORRECT: Symmetric Property 11. Select the appropriate property of equality for the statement a = a. CORRECT: Reflexive Property 12. A conditional can have a _____ of true or false. CORRECT: truth value 13. Which is the converse of this conditional? If it is appropriate, then I go for a drive. CORRECT: If I go for a drive, then it is appropriate. 14. Use the Law of Syllogism to draw a conclusion. If a country's population is more than 1.033 billion, then it has a higher population than India. If a country has a higher population than India, then it is has the highest population in the world. CORRECT: If a country's population is more than 1.033 billion, then it is has the highest population in the world. 15. The complement of an angle is 29. What is the measure of the angle? CORRECT: 61 16. Name an angle complementary to COD.
CORRECT: BOC 17. Decide if the statement is reversible. If so, identify the true biconditional. Two lines that intersect at right angles are perpendicular.
CORRECT: Two lines intersect at right angles if and only if they are perpendicular.
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CORRECT: If it is a pet, then it is a dog. 20. Use the Law of Syllogism to draw a conclusion. If a substance is water, then its molecular structure is H2O. If a substance has molecular structure H2O, then its boiling point at sea level is 100C. CORRECT: If a substance is water, then its boiling point at sea level is 100C.
60 90 30 not enough information 2. Which is an equation in slope-intercept form of the line that contains the pointsS(7, 9) and T(8, 7)? y = 2x 23 x + 2y = 23 x 2y = 23 y = 2x + 23
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4. An irregular quadrilateral has exterior angle measures of 93, 85, and 89. What is the measure of the fourth interior angle? 273 267 93 87 5. How many sides does a regular polygon have if each exterior angle measures 12? 24 168 30 none of these 6. Find the slope of a line parallel to the graph of 4x 2y = 9.
2 2
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ABH and DEF are alternate interior angles. BED and EBH are same-side interior angles. ABC and BED are alternate interior angles. CBE and DEF are corresponding angles. 8. Find the slope of a line parallel to the line containing the points A(2, 7) andB(8, 9).
0.5 2 9. Below is a diagram of an airport runway intersection. There are two parallel runways, and a taxiway crosses both runways. If 8 measures 115 what is the sum of 1 and 4?
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6 and 16 1 and 12 8 and 16 none of these 11. Find the value of the variable. The diagram is NOT to scale.
SRT
STR
SRT = 30 STU = 9x 2 7 16 none of these 12. Construct a perpendicular from the given line segment that passes through the given point.
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none of these 13. Which drawing is a construction of the perpendicular line to from S?
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14. Which algebraic expression is equivalent to 3x(x + 2) + 2(x + 1)? 3x + 2x + 8 3x + 2x + 8 3x + 8x + 2 3x + 8x + 2 15. Which is a correct name for the polygon?
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16. Using the given information, which lines, if any, can you conclude are parallel? Justify your conclusion with a theorem or postulate. m1 + m2 = 180
g || h by the Converse of the Alternate Interior Angles Theorem g || h by the Converse of the Same-Side Interior Angles Theorem j || k by the Converse of the Alternate Interior Angles Theorem j || k by the Converse of the Same-Side Interior Angles Theorem 17. Classify the triangle with sides of lengths 23, 23, and 21. scalene isosceles straight equilateral 18. Find the value of the variable if m || l, m3 = 2x + 106, and m4 = 4x + 38.
5 6 4 7
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4x + 2y = 2 20. Which diagram shows the correct construction of a line parallel to line l and passing through point P?
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CORRECT: 90 2. Which is an equation in slope-intercept form of the line that contains the pointsS(7, 9) and T(8, 7)? CORRECT: y = 2x 23 3. Find the value of x for a to be parallel to b.
CORRECT: 4. An irregular quadrilateral has exterior angle measures of 93, 85, and 89. What is the measure of the fourth interior angle? CORRECT: 87 5. How many sides does a regular polygon have if each exterior angle measures 12? CORRECT: 30 6. Find the slope of a line parallel to the graph of 4x 2y = 9. CORRECT: 2 7. Which of the following statements is true?
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CORRECT: CBE and DEF are corresponding angles. 8. Find the slope of a line parallel to the line containing the points A(2, 7) andB(8, 9).
CORRECT: 9. Below is a diagram of an airport runway intersection. There are two parallel runways, and a taxiway crosses both runways. If 8 measures 115 what is the sum of 1 and 4?
CORRECT: 8 and 16 11. Find the value of the variable. The diagram is NOT to scale.
SRT
STR
SRT = 30 STU = 9x CORRECT: 16 12. Construct a perpendicular from the given line segment that passes through the given point.
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from S?
CORRECT: 14. Which algebraic expression is equivalent to 3x(x + 2) + 2(x + 1)? CORRECT: 3x + 8x + 2 15. Which is a correct name for the polygon?
CORRECT: CDEAB
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16. Using the given information, which lines, if any, can you conclude are parallel? Justify your conclusion with a theorem or postulate. m1 + m2 = 180
CORRECT: j || k by the Converse of the Same-Side Interior Angles Theorem 17. Classify the triangle with sides of lengths 23, 23, and 21.
CORRECT: isosceles 18. Find the value of the variable if m || l, m3 = 2x + 106, and m4 = 4x + 38.
CORRECT: 6 19. Which of the equations is a line parallel to 4x 2y = 7? CORRECT: 2y = 4x + 7 20. Which diagram shows the correct construction of a line parallel to line l and passing through point P?
CORRECT:
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Congruent Triangles
1. Use the information given in the diagram. Tell why each statement is true. a. b.
2. Is ABD
a. given; b. Reflexive Property a. Reflexive Property; b. given a. Reflexive Property; b. Transitive Property a. Transitive Property; b. Reflexive Property CBD by HL? If so, state the leg(s) that allows the use of HL.
ABY
BAX
DXB
DYB
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def. of congruent triangles SSS SAS none of these 5. The two triangles are congruent. Find the missing side lengths and the missing angle measures.
d = 5 m; e = 32; f = 90; g = 58; h = 5 m d = 8 m; e = 32; f = 90; g = 58; h = 9.4 m d = 5 m; e = 32; f = 90; g = 58; h = 9.4 m d = 5 m; e = 32; f = 58; g = 90; h = 5 m
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bisects UTS.
Reflexive property definition of angle bisector HL Theorem CPCTC 7. Complete the proof. Given: bisects EBC and CBD. bisects ECC. Prove:EBD
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9. Given QRS TUV, find the measure of the given angles and the lengths of the given sides. a. QS = 3v + 1, TV = 5v 9 b. mR = 4n + 4, mU = 5n 4 a. 16; b. 32 a. 5; b. 8 a. 16; b. 36 a. 8; b. 32 10. Given and , use the coordinates of A, B, F, and E to proveB E.
By adding DC to both AD and FC, which are equal, by (a)_____, ABC FED, and then B E by (b)_____.
. Because AB =
=FE,
. So,
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a. SSS; b. CPCTC 11. From the information in the diagram, can you prove that FDG and FDE are congruent? Explain.
yes; AAA yes; ASA yes; SSS no 12. What is the measure of each base angle of an isosceles triangle if its third angle measures 32 degrees and its 2 congruent sides measure 15 units?
SAS
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11.75 47 94 23.5 15. What else must you know to prove the triangles congruent for the reason shown? a. ASA b. SAS
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17. Complete the proof. Given: , BAD CAD. Prove: and bisects .
a. ASA; b. CPCTC a. SSS; b. Reflexive Property a. SAS; b. Reflexive Property a. SAS; b. CPCTC 18. Is ABD CBD by HL? If so, state the leg that allows the use of HL.
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20. ABD
II only III only II and III I only CBD. Name the theorem or postulate that justifies the congruence.
Congruent Triangles
1. Use the information given in the diagram. Tell why each statement is true. a. b.
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CORRECT: yes, 3. ABCD is an isosceles trapezoid, and CORRECT: DXB 4. Complete the proof. and EDB. . DYB . Which statement is NOT true?
CORRECT: SAS 5. The two triangles are congruent. Find the missing side lengths and the missing angle measures.
CORRECT: d = 5 m; e = 32; f = 90; g = 58; h = 9.4 m 6. Complete the proof. Given: bisects URS and bisects UTS. Prove: URT SRT.
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CORRECT: definition of angle bisector 7. Complete the proof. Given: bisects EBC and CBD. bisects ECC. Prove:EBD
CORRECT: given 8. Given that EAC ECA, which other information would NOT help you prove that ?
CORRECT:
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9. Given QRS TUV, find the measure of the given angles and the lengths of the given sides. a. QS = 3v + 1, TV = 5v 9 b. mR = 4n + 4, mU = 5n 4 CORRECT: a. 16; b. 36 10. Given and , use the coordinates of A, B, F, and E to proveB E.
By adding DC to both AD and FC, which are equal, by (a)_____, ABC FED, and then B E by (b)_____.
. Because AB =
=FE,
. So,
CORRECT: a. SSS; b. CPCTC 11. From the information in the diagram, can you prove that FDG and FDE are congruent? Explain.
CORRECT: yes; ASA 12. What is the measure of each base angle of an isosceles triangle if its third angle measures 32 degrees and its 2 congruent sides measure 15 units?
CORRECT: 74
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CORRECT: SAS 14. Use information in the figure below to find mD.
CORRECT: 23.5 15. What else must you know to prove the triangles congruent for the reason shown? a. ASA b. SAS
CORRECT: 75 17. Complete the proof. Given: , BAD CAD. Prove: and bisects .
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CORRECT: a. SAS; b. CPCTC 18. Is ABD CBD by HL? If so, state the leg that allows the use of HL.
CORRECT: no 19. In which triangles could you efficiently prove 1 2 using the HL Theorem?
CORRECT: III only 20. ABD CBD. Name the theorem or postulate that justifies the congruence.
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a. 80; b. 9 a. 36; b. 20 a. 20; b. 18 a. 20; b. 36 3. List the sides of ABC in order from shortest to longest, when mA = 10x 7,mB = 7x 10, and mC = 47 2x. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
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If an animal is not a cow, then it is not a mammal. If an animal is a mammal, then it is a cow. If an animal is a cow, then it is a mammal. If an animal is not a mammal, then it is not a cow. 5. Write the side lengths from least to greatest.
, , , ,
, , 6. Which pair of statements has the same truth value? the inverse and converse of a conditional statement the converse and the contrapositive of a conditional statement a conditional statement and its inverse a conditional statement and its converse 7. Find the inverse of the statement "If she is not tall, she will not make the basketball team." If she is tall, she will not make the basketball team. If she will not make the basketball team, she is tall. If she is tall, she will make the basketball team. If she is not tall, she will make the basketball team.
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9. Find FG.
12 4 19 15 10. List the sides of ABC in order from shortest to longest, when mA = 11x 4,mB = 4x 11, and mC = 51 3x. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
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JMP, KMP, KMO, and JMO are rt s. M is the midpoint of M is the midpoint of . .
12. Name the second largest angle in the figure if the side between 1 and 2 is 14 cm, the side between 2 and 3 is 15 cm, and the side between 3 and 1 is 18 cm. (not drawn to scale)
13. Given:
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14 7 11.5 9 15. Determine which three lengths can be measures of the sides of a triangle. 10 cm, 4 cm, 13 cm 3 cm, 10 cm, 13 cm 15 cm, 3 cm, 19 cm 2 cm, 15 cm, 19 cm 16. Find mQST.
7.5 75 15 30
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18. Given:
L is the midpoint of
given that
40 10 20
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CORRECT: a. 36; b. 20 3. List the sides of ABC in order from shortest to longest, when mA = 10x 7,mB = 7x 10, and mC = 47 2x.
CORRECT:
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CORRECT: If an animal is a cow, then it is a mammal. 5. Write the side lengths from least to greatest.
CORRECT: , , 6. Which pair of statements has the same truth value? CORRECT: the inverse and converse of a conditional statement 7. Find the inverse of the statement "If she is not tall, she will not make the basketball team." CORRECT: If she is tall, she will make the basketball team. 8. and are perpendicular bisectors of each other. a. Find DC. b. Find DB. c. Find AE.
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10. List the sides of ABC in order from shortest to longest, when mA = 11x 4,mB = 4x 11, and mC = 51 3x. CORRECT: 11. Given: ; ; . What can you NOT conclude?
12. Name the second largest angle in the figure if the side between 1 and 2 is 14 cm, the side between 2 and 3 is 15 cm, and the side between 3 and 1 is 18 cm. (not drawn to scale)
CORRECT: 7
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, D is the midpoint of
given that
CORRECT: 20 20. Identify the segment interior to the triangle with respect to the whole figure.
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Part 2/2