x

wi:

It

mr b n 'rm;;

n","''''''iIT'~san

": ',"', : ': ': "":',:,:::'~,:"::,",~':"',' "~:::'~'1'7:"7":w::,~:;~:6>'::;;";'

BHAI KAHAN SINGH JI NABHA

Page 1 of 738

ENCYCLOP1EDIA OF THE SIKH LITERATURE

VOLUME TWO
( U--;:f)

English Translation of

..... l-fUTO a1J

by

BHAI KAHAN SINGH NABHA

PUBLICATION BUREAU PUNJABI UNIVERSITY; PATIALA

Page 2 of 738


Department of Development ofPunjabi Language Punjabi University, Patiala (Established under Punjab Act No. 35 of 1961)

ENCYCLOPA:DIA OF THE SIKH LITERATURE VOLUME TWO

(u-iT )

English Translation of

(fJ if f.I ij ~ d3 (I) I 0( d }fiJTO <hr

by
BHAI KAHAN SINGH NABHA

ISBN: 81-302-0163-1

Year: 2008 Copies: 1100 Price: Rs. 900.00

Laser Setting:
Advanced Centre for Technical Development of Punjabi Language, Literature and Culture Punjabi University, Patiala.
Published by Dr. S. S. Khehra, Registrar, Punjabi University, Patiala and printed by Mis Anand Sons, Delhi.

Page 3 of 738

Patron
Jaspal Singh Vice-Chancel/or
Punjabi University, Patiala-

Project Co-ordinator
Dhanwant Kaur
Professor and Head Department of Development of Punjabi Language, Punjabi University, Patiala

Editorial Board
Tejwant Singh Gill formerly Professor of English,
Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Gurkirpal Singh Sekhon

formerly Professor of English, Punjabi University, Patiala

Page 4 of 738

Advisory Board
Bhai Ashok Singh Bagrian Major A. P. Singh S. P. S. Virdi Param Bakhshish Singh Indu Banga Jodh Singh Jaswinder Singh B.S.Sandhu

Translators
Kuljeet Kapoor Mohinder Singh Bajaj Gurdeep Kaur Cheema Madan Lal Hasiza
(<T 3"' <J!lf) (<J'TiTO'OT}fJ 3"'~, aoacl 3"' ~, ~ 3"' aw, ~ 3"' ~~, if<mig 3"' ;:rrH-)
(-J~3"'~)

OnkarSingh Ravinder Singh Karminder Singh Amarjit Singh Dhawan Suman Preet Jasminder Singh Dhillon Balkar Singh Prabhjot Kaur Sureet

(<iCcJT 3"' rill", QUC awe 3"' Q'(J"QC, l:I;:$dl Q<;i! fI 3"' ~ , ~ 3"' ~, dl f83dl i;iJd 3"' qr<J, WU8" 3"' \'itolT, ~ 3"' ;:for, ifTl;f 3"' fI'l""Ol) (rlw 3"' ~, CilH<J 3"' IDfT7IT, f'cm" 3"' ~~) (QIlfOT 3"' f'cicftc) (~ 3"' a-ciiww) (mit 3"'l:I;:$dIQ ' cll, ~ 3"'~, <TiI3"' <)'fldfl<;i!'fl) (!flf 3"' <Jfuol)
(~3"'<iTw)

(<iTo 3"' <J[d<!") (;:ra- 3"' wtJOT)

(~3"'\hit)

Copy Editor
Gurkirpal Singh Sekhon

Proofreaders
Inderjit Kaur Satnam Singh

Digitization by
Gurpreet Singh Lehal

Keyboarders
Rajinder Singh Bhalwinder Singh Dhanaula

Title Designer
Harjit Singh

Page 5 of 738

FOREWORD
Punjabi University, Patiala was established for the promotion and dissemination ofPtinjabi Language, literature and culture. This pious and cultural commitment has numerous levels and dimensions for the realisation ofwhich many projects and schemes are being undertaken. The presentation and projection ofthe rich intellectual and cultural heritage ofthe Punjab is an integral part ofour academic policies and research programmes. The English translation of Bhai Kahan Singh Nabha's Gurushabad Ratnakar Mahan Kosh which is cited as the most authoritative reference work ofscholarship, is an important task ofsuch nature. Gurushabad Ratnakar Mahan Kosh is a magnitudinous work, subtitled by the author as Encyclopcedia of The Sikh Literature. Originally written in the Punjabi language, syntactically and grammatically ofthe late 19th century, this magnum opus is a comprehensive archive ofscholarship. In particular, the contents ofthis magnum opus relate to Gurbani and in general to Sanskrit prosody, Indian mythology, diverse scriptures ofvarious religions, Islamic theology, traditional system ofmedicine and several other branches ofknowledge and belief It richlydeserves universal reception from scholars ofdifferent cultures: and languages spread over the whole world. The English translation of Mahan Kosh is essential to make this vast reservoir of knowledge available to the maximum number ofpeople. I am sure this volume, along with the preceding one as also the succeeding ones, will go a long way in realizing this aim which the author might have set before his mind's eye offulfilling the need both ofthe erudite scholars and general readers. Its first volume was published about two years back. In continuation the second one is appearing just within two years ofthe first one. I am fully convinced that its publication will elicit reception from people all over the world and will facilitate foreign scholars interested in Punjab's History, Philosophy, Culture and Language.

Punjabi University, Patiala

Jaspal Singh
Vice-Chancellor

Page 6 of 738

PREFACE
The second volume ofBhai Kahan Singh Nabha's Gurushabad Ratnakar Mahan Kosh in English is before you. Thefirst one took two years for translation and publication and was very well received by scholars as well as general readers. It is hard to think of a more authentic and comprehensive source ofknowledge and general information about Sikhism. Therefore we embarked on this project with the feeling that this magnum opus ofthe greatest Sikh savant should be translated into English. We have been lencouraged by the reception of the first volume to expedite the publication ofthe second volume as early as possible. Mahan Kosh, as this work ofvast magnitude arid proportion is believed to be, contains explication ofseminal words, terms and expressions drawn from the Gurbani in the first instance. BhaiSahib has rare intellectual capacity in different areas such as philosophical, historical and lexicographical. He has scholarly command on ancient Indian scriptures, literary epics, myths, chronicles and Islamic lore with equal authority. Lest his explication should remain only in the realm ofabstract explanation, he supplemented it with opulent illustrations from all the relevant and valuable textual sources. Along with this, he complemented them with his judicious comments, thereby extending the scope ofhis explication further. While preparing this second volume in English, the guidelines laid down earlier by the Advisory Board,'have been strictly adhered to. They are: 1. To preserve the authenticity and spirit ofMahan Kosh, the original text will be kept unaltered and unedited. No editorial activity, regarding addition, deletion, correction or updating, will be taken up. 2. The different categories into which the original text is classified i.e. the seminal word, its grammatical form, etymology, variant meanings, usage ill quotation etc. will be accurately identified. 3. The English version ofMahan Kosh will embrace the original Gunnukhi alphabetical order ofthe words. The Roman transliteration will be done in accordance with its spellings and not pronunciation. 4. The etymological word will be kept in the original script (i.e:. Persian, Devanagari, Roman). 5. Only original quotations will be transliterated. 6. Footnotes will be given as in the original text. 7. Equivalent computer fonts will be prepared from Gurmukhi fonts used in Mahan Kosh. The Editorial Board for this volume comprises Dr. Tejwant Singh Gill and Dr. Gurkirpal Singh Sekhon. The former, a renowned trans1ator and scholar ofEnglish into Punjabi and vice versa, is a retired professor ofEnglish. The latter, formerly a professor ofEnglish language and general linguistics, is a British-trained linguist. J1?e way they worked in unison and with mutual

Page 7 of 738

viii

Encyclopredia of The Sikh Literature

fruitful dialogue for supervising and perfecting the translation and the transliteration, sets a precedent for projects to be taken up jointly in the future. To complete this task in a span ofless than two years would have not been possible withoutthe enthusiasm and endeavour put in by the learned team oftranslators. The list of contributors to this volume is given on page iv, and as co-ordinator ofthe project, lowe them all my sincere thanks. It is matter ofhonour for me to thank Dr. Jaspal Singh, our worthy Vice-Chancellor, who as an ardent advocate and genuine lover ofPunjabi Language, Literature and Culture, has not only appreciated this endeavour, but has wholeheartily given all guidance, help and incentives. He is not like most other sectarian and self-seeking scholars or writers, who by lame excuses or unfounded reasons, sidetrack the projects and works already set in motion by his predecessors. I am grateful to him for his generosity. I acknowledge and appreciate the unstinting assistance that Mrs. Inderjit Kaur and Mr. Satnam Singh have rendered in the onerous work of editing and proofreading. Their expertise has gone a long way in imparting the required standard to this volume as well. Thanks for this volume are due to many others also, particularly to S. Rajinder Singh and S. Bhalwinder Singh Dhanaula, for putting the scripts together and for helping in every way to give the volume a final shape. The Publication Bureau ofPunjabi University, Patiala, has rendered all types oftimely help. I have full appreciation for S. Harjit Singh for his artistic and tcchnical skills. Without this, the volume could not have acquired the finesse in printing. The administrative staffofmy Department deserves my profuse appreciation, especially Mrs. Harsharan Kaur, for clerical help, given tirelessly and cheerfully. I also express my thanks to all the well-wishers of the Project, academic as also administrative, my senior faculty-members and colleagues who have bcen generous with advice and guidance. The credit for this volume goes to them too. This project is halfway through, but inspired by earlier as also anticipated public response, we hope to bring the project to completion as soon as possible.

Department of Development of Punjabi Language, Punjabi University, Patiala. August 06, 2008

Dhanwant Kaur
Professor & Head

Page 8 of 738

EDITORS' NOTE
In continuation ofthe first volume, the second volume of Mahan Kosh seeks to translate each word, phrase and sentence ofBhai Sahib, figuring at whichever place in the entry, into English. Quotations, given by Bhai Sahib from variegated sources and documents are translitemted in specially evolved symbols. For transliterating them, a methodology was devised, and to avoid any vagary, every effort is made to stick to rules so devised. After several deliberations, the choice ofsymbols for transliteration was decided for reasons ofconvenience and clarity ofusage. The detail ofthis methodology goes as under:

SYMBOLS .FOR TRANSLITERATION

(t -, u
E

~, ;
u

ti, ::
0

l')f

fT,

_T

~, ~

>if, :=
;)

fe, fI

El, -1
i 'R' s
Uf

-E ,
e
~

ft'tft
-

N'tft l:f

h
"lit

a'

k
tf

kh
iii:"

err g
if

gh
"5'

9
~

c
G

ch
is

j
S

jh
'e'

Jl
<!'

t
3'

th
'Ii

q
t!'

qh
tI'

IJ-

n
n
}f
ill

t
1..('

th
~

d
If

dh
~

P
til'

ph
"ij'

b
1?

bh
~

:f

Y
'F.f
1?

1
iJT
G

r
f:

l:f x

E"
Z

Page 9 of 738

Encyclopredia of The Sikh Literature

TRANSLITERATION RULES
1. 2. 3. 4. Transliteration ofquoted material, long passages or short lines, is within double quotes. In Gurmukhi orthography, there are 10 vowels: 3 short, and 7 long. >;f/- [d], fulf- [I], and ~/: [uJ. The short vowels are: The long vowels are: W/_T [a], ~/-1 [i], ~/; [u], EP [e], J?f/ [f], fj/~ [oj, and r/:: bJ. Gurmukhi symbols before the 'slashes' in 2) and 3) are used syllable-initially or as second part ofa diphthong, and those after the slashes, called "ffiW [ldgaJ, are hooked to the Gurmukhi consonant symbols. Final consonant in a syllable is always d-jree, that is J:fCB" [mukta). In ~ [kdrJ and CXQ3T, '-q' is ~ [dkaratJ and 'Q" is JjCBT [muktaJ. ~ [dkariltJ means that the consonant symbol includes d, and Jj<BT [muktaJ means that the consonant in question is d-Iess. To put in other words, d is neither marked nor pronounced after the last consonant of a syllable. Short vowels, I and u, are not normally pronounced ifhooked to the final consonant ofa word. All long vowels, on the contrary, are pronounced in all positions. Since the three short vowels are not pronounced after the last consonant of a word (even though I and u are marked in Gurmukhi as also in transliteration), they do not constitute the nucleus ofthe last syllable. The nucleus of the last consonant of a word to which a long vowel is hooked is the long vowel itself. In all other cases - that is, where a short (unpronounced) vowel is hooked to the last consonant - the d preceding the final consonant constitutes the nucleus. In view ofsomewhat Sanskritized and Persianized vocabulary of Punjabi, a number of words may have conjunct consonants like ~ [krIpaJ, ~ [sVjivni], l:f1f[khadyaJ, ~ [rdkhya] etc. formed by adding halfletters to the preceding consonant. Similarly, there are quite a few cases of consonant clusters like (JijF.f [hdn;;], (JR3'" [hdSt], ~ [bdhI~t], fuJ:s [bIst], CWf [kdrm], dfill{ [gdrm], Rd'"a" [sdrb], FRl't [sdrd] occurring finally in a written word, though it cannot be denied that most Punjabis decIusterize these consonants by interposing a d in between them exactly as Gurmukhi orthography demands. But a few hypersensitive and sophisticated speakers prefer ;rless pronunciations in such cases. We follow the practice ofdeclusterization ofthe consonants by inserting a d between them. We also find occasional use ofvIsdrdg [g] and udat U symbols in Gurbani as in

5.

6. 7. 8.
9. 10. 11. 12.

13.

14.

15.

Page 10 of 738

Editors' Note
~g [dnrataI).ah], ~ [banhI].

Xl

16. In the case oftwo abutting consonants, the first consonant is the arresting (closing) consonant ofthe first syllable, and the second consonant is the releasing (initiating) consonant of the next syllable. In such a situation no a intervenes between the two consonants. Remember: there is no a marked in between two consonants in

transliteration when the former closes a syllable and the latter starts the next. 17. Taking this view, it is possible to posit a syllable structure for Punjabi : (C) (C) V (C), which gives us the following syllables: 1. V [>?iT]; 2. VC [~1]; 3. CV [;:rr]; 4. CVC [ao]; 5. CCV [JIl]; 6. CCVC [fq3"].
18. The commonest syllables are the first four: V; VC; CV and CVC. The last two occur with varying degree of frequency depending on a number of factors. 19. In our transliteration, nasalization is marked only when the original text demands it. In no case, do we supply nasalization on our own. A tilde ;-/ is used for nasalization in Punjabi. It appears over the vowel carrying nasalization: cfu /kat/ ... l?fg /ab/ 20. All quoted material including long passages/stanzas in the Mahan Kosh is transliterated. 21. Head word(s) of every entry is/are transliterated immediately after it/them within square brackets. Cross-references in the Mahan Kosh are not transliterated, only the Gurmukhi form is given as it is. Transliteration follows only the headwords. Words

written in Devanagari, Arabic/Persian scripts are retained as such to the extent possible, butwordsfrom Sanskrit/Hindi, and Persian/Arabic written in Bhai Kahan Singh S modified Gurmukhi script are transliterated within the framework of the rules devised for transliteration of Punjabi words as given above, irrespective of current practices adoptedfor their transliteration in respective languages.
22. When two Gurmukhi vowel symbols are hooked to the same consonant, the one hooked over the consonant precedes the one hooked below the consonant in transliteration:
~

lflB -g~ "fg l:fTfu1 I

l.ffu>w ~ H~
~ ~w

bhukhe pritI hOUVE anu khaI.

~

SaraI).I paIa nanak souhela.

FlUFf ~
?i()T

sahas muratI nana ek touhi. 23. A voiced asp.irated consonant (~ bhara) is distinguished from a voiced consonant

Page 11 of 738

xii

Encyclopredia of The Sikh Literature

followed by 'h' sotuld thus: O(a~ kab-hu. By retaining voiced aspirated consonants in our transliteration, we have only tried conservatively to trudge a relatively safe track.

SOME OTHER RULES Translation: We have provided within single quotes translation only for references which Bhai Sahib Kahan Singh has translated, and to the extent he has done it. Punctuation: Following Bhai Kahan Singh's punctuation may seem difficult to follow, but consistency, uniformity and editorial convenience suggested that we deviate from it to the minimum extent possible. Proper Nouns: All proper nouns in the body ofthe rtmning text have their usual roman spellings without an 'a', that is a schwa [a] after last consonant as per Punjabi practice, ie, Shiv, Ram, Krishan, Dev, Nanak. Footnotes: Footnotes are retained at the end ofthe relevant pages and not absorbed in the body ofthe text. This is to ensure that we stay as close to Bhai Sahib as possible. Addendum: It is considered best to incorporate the addenda in the last Volume. Special Symbols: Like I 5... for metre are retained.

Page 12 of 738

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE ENGLISH VERSION OF BHAI KAHAN SINGH'S ENCYCLOPJEDIA OF THE SIKH LITERATURE
Abbreviations used in Mahan Kosh
~l.f.
})f:

for

Abbreviations used in the English Version

Preposition. prep
Cl

~.

~nf3"))ftlJl1I"lil".

~.

~~. ~

A
~lf.

~.
l?l'Ol"1?.

ornt3',

l'lf"tre'lH.

l'>IR fR'ur.
l')fQ.

})fCl'e;(1m:&s, -e'AmIlf. ~ })fH tft qar, ~lf. l'>IR fR'ur tft qar, ~lf. ~. F.I'S't!' tft ?i01M'. Onomatopoeia.
~ ~ tft~, ~a-.
l'>fTAT 0'lJr.

Clspho Clkal
Clj CljE

onom
Clrhat asa AD E s
sClhClS

~.

l'>fTAT.

t.ift. >'i.
Ff.

A.D.
~'C(".

~FIO.

l?fa!;:!t ~.
HclHfqd'l
~. ~ FlO ("H""M").

ffifFT.

FlO.
'H(')T)-fT

AD
SClnama

~,~HOjlf.

~.

'fI"a<l.

tft qar, ~Ilf. ~. ~. Pronoun.

~oIlf.
~~3"~cX.

m:f~ ~

sClmudrmClthCln

pron
sClloh
SClva

Fffiu.
'HW.
~aa.
FI"Q.

~~,~lf.
~0'lJr.

fifr/t.

fifr/t ~.

1Jtit.
~.

1Jtit 0'lJr.
'lJmir ~ tft qar, R'ao 0'lJr.
~~.
OTH.
~'a".

sClvEye 33 sar S suhi

surClj

lhr.
Ff.
Ffor.;r".

Noun.

Flli3".

~ "H""M".

sor Skt n samClt

Page 13 of 738

xiv

Encyclop<edia of The Sikh Literature

lfl
UWlif3".
~90.

<JQ.
fa. tit.
~. ~.

~.

afu'.
aful.Q.
qrR".

qro.

cWo
~.

~.
~.
!:fT.
)::jT}-f.

fu.

~.
Q!H.
~.
~.

QJfu ~. QJfu 90.

qp:r.
~.
Cl'1J'I"IO.

~.
~.
~. ~.

tim 9. tim -:). tim a.

~.

sri hakayat ~C:T ~ ~ ~ R 99 ~ ~.<JO. hajare 10 ~ F.l"at!", ~C:T. hanu UQWO Ci"'Ca", ~ fc!3". H -Ftret ~. He tinJ(Hebrew) ~~. kassap m:r;n..r ~, ~. kacch ~~,~. kalki ~~,~. kalI ~"ijT(Jf. 52 Poets ~ afu, 1ft ~ tIT ~ ~. aF.I'l-fRit ~. K kan ~"ijT(Jf. keda ~ "ijT(Jf. v fcfw ~ F.l"at!". Verb. krIsan fcpro ~ tit mP", ~. adv fcfw ~. Adverb. xa wm't 'eT 'Jf&3' oft3'r F.l"at!". xam ~ tit HfuHr, ~. gau ~ "ijT(Jf. Gj ~~. GPS ~ lJOlif (lJm:f ~). gurupad ~qH~. GV6 QJ S! f~WH iiiWf 1..fl3'Wdt 'eT. GV 10 QJ S! f~WH BOO 1..fl3'Wdt 'eT. guj WffiIT QIOT. b "ijT(Jf. g5c;l gyan ~,~. cau ~. carItr ~trCfJr'O, ~C:T. c:Jpai ito3t~,~. c:Jbis ~ ~ tit ~ B ~ tit mP", ~. cJc;li 1 thiltlfd2i ~, ~. cJc;li 2 tlltlfd2i icr, ~. cJc;li 3 tim tit~, -em-rajcr. cJdr ~ ~ tit mP", ~.

lfl "ijT(Jf.

tfa'r.
tr.

trn tit~.
t1?iH.

C
b

Page 14 of 738

Abbreviations
tl'l1WH. RW.
tIil'Rf'R.

xv

FfRTfo. R01fmir.
~.

i1?iHFfT1:it ~ H?l1 fi:fur FIT tIT. i1?iHFfT1:it ~ ~ ~. HOT "QTH tIT aw, ~. ~ lit1JITfu" tIT aw, ~. ~ R01fmir tIT aw, ~.
~.

JSBM JSBB
jdg jdjatr jdnmejdY jdfdr jd15dhdT jfdgi jEja jEt

rlMQ<:I'~.

~~tITaw,~.
fJean('jlw, ~ ~

ftfeoit. Htrr. H3".

thJJ?;l}{T.

'cfe" W1? FIT.

QIdT.

~<:JTdT.

~~ ~

ft:fur FIT, fuFt i)Ht tft <:JB7iT, ft:rJ:r fue'

j5gnama toc;fi

>'>!3' ~ tIT y~ ~fow ~~. ~ ~r.

zit. ftar.
37)l}{T.

Zit <:JTdT. ftfOR? -grw.

am "

reo ~ ~ ~ tIT ~

Dg
tdnama tr15g

~.

~ (')I}fT.

fuc.S'.
~.

ftmor <:JTdT.
~-grw'.

T
tukha

~.

gtRft <:JTdT.

<rn't.
BCf.

<rn't ~ tIT -grw.

~-grw.

Th Den
ddtt drlip

~.

fuffitr.

tIT aw, ~'Ef. ~ ferfur tIT aw, ~'Ef.

~
~tJi3'.

~'lif ~

e1aT.
~. ~.
Q?iT.

-atliJT

(~ <fuw~

FIT m

~).

digo

d
dev dhdna dhdnJtdr

e~alQ '<:fl <:JTdT.

~<:JTdT.

Q(')3\j1~.
'QT, ~, }-fFI'eQ.

~~tftaw,~.

Verbal root.
~ (il}-/T.

vr
ndsihdt ndt ndrsfgh ndrnaraYdI) ndrav

~.

nc.
~.
('jd('j'd'Gt<!.
~.

nc <:JTdT. o<:Jfi:fur ~ tft aw, ~. (')i'j' ~ ~ tft mfT, ~.

(')i'j'~tftaw,~.
~~.

?i'1.I .
tRJ'T.
~.

~-grw.

NP Pa
pdrdS prichdt

l.l<:flS3d ' rl.

'l.f<:l"ff'<:l f~, ~cr. ~ l.RflftB tft aw, em-rajtr.

Page 15 of 738

XVI

Encyclopredia of The Sikh Literature

LfTffi~.

lfT.
~.

PI
parCJs

tr1f('iTEl"~, ~.
1di33dI'Ml ~.

1:[Q3".

lJ~

~~.
~ 'F.I"at!".

il"3. VlI. lI3JJ

1.J~.

~, CITJITOl 1f3JlliT. Suffix.

~QTdT.

dlJITO

fJfur fcF.

Pg Pu Po PP sui
prCJbha

lIT. lITtflI.
~.
];f.

~~. lftllo~, ~"ij30

01RT

fJfur fcF.

Pkt PPP
prrthu

ft:rn" -er crer,

QTdT.

~.

:GTi3Fit ~.
~'tr. French.

P
F bCJs5t

~.

ml. Wcrra".
~.

'a"Ffo (<ffl3')
Wcrra" -er
~.
~QTdT.
~QTdT.

~.

Bg
bavCJn bIha bIla Be ben bEra bano brCJhCJrn bhCJgtavli

fuur. ftrnr.

m.m.

B.C. ~ "RO ~ lJfc:rW.

01RT

s-ar.
~.

~.

-er crer,

~t:!".

~QTdT.

~.

!3dI31~Ml

m Jft ~ art:!" wfJa- -er m. -er crer, ~. m Q@"e"'J1 ;:IT -er ~ ~ -er ~
~~
~~ ~
~

H?ft fJfur ;:IT fcF.

~. ~.

~~;:IT~N. ~ Q@"e"'J1 ;:IT ~

cmf3".
(~).

BG BGK
bhEr
m

~~.

~ (~) l-mW,
l-fc} ~

QTdT.

l')fOEl13"

1.fT3f.Iltit

HilT.
~.

-er -atRfc. }fs ~ -er crer, ~.

HQfi:rfljfu.
~~.
~QTdT.

l-lQ.
l-l"Q"O'R.
}fijT.

l-lQ ~ or,:r BT 1pfar, ~.

rnCJgo rnCJcch rnCJnu rnCJnuraj

M
rnCJla rna s5g

HW.
}IT

FT. wardt.

~Fi'afIo.
}fcJl"l:T

tft ~.

Mg
rnajh

~.

~QTdT.

Page 16 of 738

Abbreviations
~.
}/lQ.

xvii

~Btcrer,~.
~.
~ QTOT.

~.

mft.
"tf1?

~QTOT.

~~.

Huo't.
~ fQRZd "d"H.
.... tiL

HfJcft ~ Bt CfflT, ~. O'W ~ Bt crer, ~.

~YTW.
~ F.l"a'e".

Etymological.

oft:ro.
~.

dfu3orw. O'W ~ Bt crer, -em-rojtr.

~QTOT.

'd"H.
~.

'd"H ~

Bt crer,

~tr.

~.

9'I ~ ~
'Mco~.

lJlfcr,

-em-rojtr.

Latin.

tci.
~. ~. '(;T. ~.

("5'O(T on)() ~"'Bt F. 1'(;3.

~QlOT.

~~
~.

Bt qep', -em-rojtr.

~
~

~9}
:I.
:';1.
~?

Bt ~r, -em-rojtr. fm:r QTOT Bt ftfu" ~ ~ ~ mft ~ nfor otiT. fm:r QTOT ~ ftfu" ~ ~ ~ uo ~ mft nfor. "-:I -:';1 m uo, tFt tit to fuf nrfu fuoT Fhftit.
witmft~? ~.

~~

rr]

madhata Mv maru mali Ml mohni yudhIstar G cpd, ety rahIt raghu ram ramav rudr L prov vac;l varah sen vaman var2 var3 var 7 adj VIsan VN part Vj vr:fd

fu.
~.

~.

Adjective.

fuRo

~ Bt~,

'e'"RHOjtr.

~.
<gjf.

~~.
~.

Particle.

~.

~ (~ ~~~ Bt -a-ID). ~B" ~

~.

Bt "R3'ffi!T.

Page 17 of 738

NEW LETTERS
For writing in the standard language of a country, there is no need to form new letters. Whichever letters the scholars ofthe language have formed, those perform the whole task. While writing in a foreign language, the task gets tough. No wonder there is an urgent need to form new letters. For writing in Punjabi, the Gurmukhi letters are so flawless that no new formations are required.
~
?[

~~

f9-wm

,,:.,
J,

3"-3ORfu;
~-~
"J-<::ri1~

~
"1Sf ~

R-F.l"a1o
R-RC~

Fr-FfHTl:if
~-6ifHT

v
t,;
j

~-~
}:f-~F.rcx

FHil<:l~

~ ~

~-~-~
~}{Q-~-~m-r

i!f.

j!JT()

(0JJ!17i)

- "illfl
:
-~:1:f OH: 2

;
;

rr-'fioImr ;:r-'i:I"ftN
;;r-~ ;;r-~

..J

:G-~M
~-~

l-IOl'f3

J'
1;

ft-m:r~

tI'F.flf

}JT. 4

IThis 2This )This 4This

'r' is marked over a character. is'called vIsarga. marks a a-less consonant. sign stands for a vowel sound in between [I] and [e].

Page 18 of 738

INTRODUCTION
After going through Pandit Tara Singh's Guru Granth Kosh in Sammat 1955 (1898 AD) and Bhai Hazara Singh's Sri Guru Granth Kosh in 1957 (1900 AD),I got the idea to especially prepare a useful good lexicon by including words which have appeared in Guru Granth Sahib and arranging them in the order of characters and vowel symbols. I For making this idea a success, I commenced a spedal study of Sri Guru Granth Sahib which took me five years to complete. As ][ started arranging the words in order and saw the Encyclopredia Britannica, I thought that there should be a similar reference book for Sikh literature which might properly distinguish all words contained in Sikh religious literature. During Sammat 1963 (1906 AD), I studied Dasam Granth, and after that works ofBhai Gurdas, Bhai Nand Lal, Sarab Loh Prakash, Guru Sobha, Anecdotes by Bhai Mani Singh, Gurupad Prem Prakash, Hukamnamas, commentaries on Gurubani and several historical treatises. Having read them, I noted down words and after pondering over all aspects of etymology and semantics 2 and after discussing them j5:"orn time to time with learned men, I succeeded in discovering their actual and suggestive meanings. Due to several reasons, following the death of Maharaja Hira Singh of Nabha on May 10, 1912, I gave up service ofthe State; I wentto Kashmir to spend the summer, and there on 20th May after ardas started writing Gurushabad Ratnakar Mahan Kosh. It was completed on February 6,1926. The completion ofthe book was followed by concern about its publication. Maharaja Brijendra Singh ofFaridkot who had promised its printing and publication, had expired, and Maharaja Ripudaman Singh ofNabha, who for one and a half year had been giving ample funds for my staffand had sanctioned large amount ofmoney for the printing ofthe book, abdicated and went away from Nabha. The Administrator ofthe state declared treasury as empty and declined to get the book published. At last in consultation with some friends, it was decided that five hundred customers should be found each ofwhom would pay halfthe price ofthe book in advance thus enabling it to be sent for publication. For this purpose one thousand specimen booklets were got printed and distributed as also advertisements were issued to newspapers. Only for two
tIn Pandit Tara Singh's Kosh, thus is the order in which words begin and end: $ , ~, ~, rrer, "R"UtIFlH'fu, l'lOO, ID!'O, "1'108" etc. In Bhai Hazara Singh's Kosh, words observe Ithis order as B&, ~, ~,
~,

iur,

~, ~, ~, ~,

fup:r,

~, ~... etc.
~abddgyan."-Bhai

2"akak~a

pun yogydta sanIdhan pdhIcan. tatpdrdY CJtho mIlE, hOVE

Gulab Singh Ji.

In this connection, See Ftfu 4.

Page 19 of 738

xxii

Encyclopa:dia of The Sikh Literature

hundred copies did the customers come forward over nine months. I Having been disappointed by the public, I appealed to the Sikh Maharajas, requested them to buy three hundred copies and favour me by assisting in the profitable venture. Maharaja Bhupendra Singh ofPatiala called me to Chail on October 1, 1927 and issued an order that he would meet all expenditure on the Mahan Kosh, and that it would be published by the State ofPatiala and that all advance payment received from the prospective buyers be . returned forthwith. This was done and the printing ofthe book commenced at Sudarshan Press Amritsar on October 26, 1927 and ended on April 13, 1930. 2 The contents ofthis Mahan Kosh (Encyclopcedia ofThe Sikh Literature) the readers will know themselves byreading it, but to mention them briefly inthe introduction seems appropriate indeed: 1. Included are words from all wel1-knovm books ofprose and verse which relate to Sikhism. 2. Not only the alphabetical order ofwords, but that ofthe vowel symbols has also been maintained, like - ~ [au], n1o [ausar], ~ [auhath], ~ [auhar], ~ [aukh], ~ [aukhad], ~ [auguJ::t], ~ [aughat], ~ [auear], ~ [auehak] ... ~ [aIan], ~ [aie] , 'nfH [as], l?fFlU [asah],})fRO [asat], fR3T [asta], nmfu [asathI], ~, [asthIr] l/fR7) [asan], l;fRtf [asap], ~ [asbab], ~ [asmarath], l}fFJ)-fl?} [asman], ~ [at;>raphi], >ifW [asa], lifRlW [asaeJ-a],})fHTLf [asadh], ~ [asar], l')ffi1 [asI], >ml=ra" [asIt], rffiR" [asis], })fFfu.r [asim], ~ [asH], 1)flJ [asu], !J3"fu [at;>ueI], })flJij" [asur], ~ [asua], ~ [asut], ~ [asekh], [asE], nrFtcx [asok], >ifRtr [asoe], ~ [as5kh], rJfaE [as5gat], ~ [as5bhav], >mft [assi], ~ [assu],3 ~ [at;>ru] etc. 3. Meanings ofwords have been clarified by mentioning their roots and derivation. In this regard, readers are required to keep in mind that in Sanskrit 1708 roots have resulted in lacs ofwords. On further investigation, it Seems valid to hold that betwixt the roots and the words formed therefrom, supreme is the conceived meaning. From vr ~ is derived l')ffi1 [asI]. The root means 'to cut'. On this basis, l')ffi1 can without any problem be usedfor~ [kuhara], ~ [ehavhi] or~ [toka], but by extension this word has been used by scholars for a sword too. 4. Ifaword has several meanings, its components are given and withexamples their meanings .are classified. See J11"a", ufo, CX'H, E, ~, (')TQ, f?>&T, l.ftd", ~, ~, QTH.. etc. 5. If a noun relates to a Puran, Simriti or Shastar, its full detail is provided. See ~, ~, e(,HJf.h~, iffi1, t=I"i"iCif, YQ1j, ~, }-flj, Hg, lIl'dIJi'i.!McxJi ... etc.

nrn-

IOrder for seventy copies was placed by Sardar Bahadur Sardar Dharam Singh, a government contractor.
2[

spent 28 years in identifying words, explicating them and checking their proofs.

3Conjunct characters come after matras, that is why words like l?fFft and nfl;r follow fZlft [tIppi] (nasalization) as a conjunct character will come after a character with an l?ffi:r<x [ddhIk] if they were written using Sanskrit pattern: 3ffift", ~ ' conjunct characters not being there [hal] sign has occasionally been used as i ~1.[ffiif.

Page 20 of 738

Introduction

XXllI

Briefreferential detail is given to lexplain words relating to history. See liIa8O, ~ ~, ~, ~cBarfu, ~~, (')l?)a" ~ RFdq]~, <fe", ~... etc. 7. Full location of gurdwaras, alongwith historical account, is given. See })jmfa:r.:t1TI;Mr.J:i'i::::rdl=d, ~,~, ~~,~, ~w,~, JjCX3Hd", ~... etc. 8. Full specification is provided ofwords relating to geography. See ~, qtCJT, ~, fm, ~, ~, ~... etc. 9. Full effort has been made to explain botanical names deriving from Latin. See~, })jo(lA8M, 3CJRf, ~,~, m:~ ... etc. 10. . Elucidation is given ofwords concerning science. See ~f~, ft!t:rffi, ~... etc. 11. Correct forms are given ofhistorical names which with the passage oftime and colloquial pronunciation have so changed that it is difficult to specifY their original or real formations, as in case of~ [adrahman], })j~38M' [abutbela], ih=r ~ [khoj janavar], ~ Hl:f [tatihri ~ekh], F.tcr lJiJll-f [~ekh braham], ~ [qhabai], ~ fl::f3O [loI).i akhtar] ... etc. 12. Religious terms relating to Islam, Christianity, Parsees, have been distinguished and explained in full. See fuA'wl-r ~ ~, retf5, ffi~, "Ji:r, goro, ~, i1cffTO, (')}-fTH, lPOFft, Gfdf.l3', J~, lfW... etc. 13. At several places, maps, sketches and images have been provided to facilitate their understanding. See >,;lfstlMi'idld, .~, F.rRg, WH, ~t Uiift, tRur, fe'm, ~, ~,~ ... etc. 14. Thorough research has been undertaken in the case ofmusical terms. See fu",1fT, ore, faM'~M, ~, lj06>w, dTdT... etc. 15. Words appearing as riddles have been elaborately explained. Se~ ~;:rr BO (')Ttf Rq, ~ tTd" tTd", ~ tftfTi'i('), ~LB ~... etc. 16. Detail is given about words relating to medicines and diseases. See FfG, ~, ~, ti~ifei'i, 31lf, t"! ' dtf](')l, ~, fifuaft... etc. 17. Pronunciation ofwords taken from Sanskrit,Arabic, Persian, etc. has been clarified by putting them in the source language. It is also essential to tell the readers that words of different languages which after absorption by the Punjabi language have totally changed their form and meaning, should in their present form and meaning be taken as correct. It is not proper to call them incorrect and relegate them to their former shape. 1 6.

rnr,

m:r-,

'With the passage oftime, spellings of words change in all the languages. However, current orthography doesnot regard obsolet ~ spellings wrong as in Ramayan: ~~ for~, ~ for ~.; ~ for
~; ~ for ~d; ~ for~; 1fCmft for ~. Similarly, in old English words: aboute

(about); bricke (brick); Cab III (Kabul); gode (good); hande (hand); heuen (heaven); hight (height); hys (his); lande (land); Londinium (London); Noapolis (Naples); nyght (night); pn::ue (prove); speche (speech); tonne (ton); trouthe (truth) etc. are not incorrect.

Page 21 of 738

xxiv

Encyclopredia of The Sikh Literature

Scholars have divided words into eight categories, viz, ~ [tatsam], l?RJQ"~ [aradh tatsam], ~ [tadbhav], ~ [mr$rIt], ~ [anukaraIJ.], ~ [pratrdhvanr], ~ [saketak], and ~ [sak$rpt]. (a) 3'2fAH (unaltered) are those words which after absorption into Punjabi/other languages retain their original form and meaning. For example ~ [uttam], ~ [udar], ~ [upkar], ~ [upma], ~ [anat], ~ [apman], l?8 [at], ~ [an], ~ [rccha], lJCf [sukh], lJ(Jfq [sugadh], [seva], ~ [hath], -m? [hal],"JA" [has], aw [katha], ot5 [kill, [kot] , qre [gUIJ.]' ftf3r [efta], ~ [dkal], trcll3" [jagat], ;:rrtf [jap], ;:[TO [jar], 3H [tej], 3c;) [tol], tTFf [das], tTO [dan], fun [drn], t:IO [dhan], lJlI [dhup], m-r [nam], ?fu:r [nk], tR? [pal], ~ [pul], ~ [prasad], ~ [praIJ.], ~ [phal], m? [bal], ~ [badhan], ~ [bhajan], W"a" [bhar], ~ [bhog], ~ [mall], ~ [mrtr],"Hu [moh] , Jforl;) [magal], ~ [matr], ~ [ras], ~ [raIJ.]' Otf [rath], QTHT [raja], ~ [rup], -m.r [rom], rTIx [10k], ~ [lobh], ~ [vastu] etc. are from Sanskrit; ~ [ummat], })f}-fl(')3' [amanat], })f}-fta" [amir], ~ [::>rat], ~ [sanad], 'R"a'a" [sabab], ~ [sardar], m?'J-f [salam], ~ [haveli], ft:TH3" [hfmat], ~ [h::>l], ~ [kabab], ~ [kamal], cmt [kami], fcBra [krtab], gaFft [kursi], Qfi'iTU [gunah], tJHO [caman], ~ [jahan], tffiW [jalsa], tr?l [jan], ft::ra'Rr [jrgar] , ;:far [jag], 3ta' [tir]' ~ [dastar], ~ [dargah], tm:P" [darja], ~ [darad], ful? [drl], & [din], ~ [divan], ~ [deg], [d::>lat], cr;fuo [nahrr], ~ [narad], mJ}f [naram], ~ [navab], i)c{ [nok], [n::>bat], ~ [bad], ~ [madrasa], J..Rlt [marad], }fl1o) [mal], ~ [murdar], ~ [murabbi], ~ [murid], Hm:Jr [morca], Ht:r [m::>j], H'3" [m::>t] ... etc. are from Persian/Arabic; and})fl.f5 [apil], ~ [sakul], Frnr [soqa], CWJ1 [kalas], ~ [kalar]' wfffi:r [kalrj]' W=r [kes], ~c [kot], "&'ac [karat], ~ [kap5qar], <ITH [gem], ~ [gol], ~ [tail, ~ [tmIs], ~~ [trEmve], ~ [qaktar], fna" [nIb], ~ [paliqar], iffi [polo], q~ [prophEsar], ~ [but], fdHcd [bErrstar] , sdfial [borqfg], )-fTF{CQ [mastar], [mEc], Ned" [motar] ... etc. are from English. (b) .~ 3'2fAH(half-altered) are those which have somewhat changed in writing and pronunciation, but not much in their shape, for example tfBr [ucca], ~ [ujjal], ~ [uddam], l?fcXTFT [akas], })f(l\1-r [agam], })ff<fu" [anrtt], fuai3" [Ikiit], ~ [samrathh], lJiji1 [suraj], JlRor [sajog], ~ [kalol), <XTdtf [karaj], [kos], fdT>wo [grah], ~ [chrtr], &0 [chIn], ffif [jam], H[jE], Rcrr [jog],;:rq,- [jodha], tfu>w [dar a], ~ [duar], mfuw [nfdra], & [nEIJ.] , yo [pun], lJijCf [purakh], ~ [pranmukhr], ~ [bahar], ftfttn [bIjOg], ~ [brahmaIJ.], ~ [bhagat], ~ [bhE], ~ [marjada], HTfunfr [mara], ~ [rat], ~ [laeehmi], ~ [vaIJ.aj], ?dl:fT [varkha], Wfu>,fr [vrddra] ... etc. are from Sanskrit;

ac

mr

rn

-mr

em

Page 22 of 738

Introduction

xxv

(c)

Sanskrit

fIJfihsr
l?fY~

13~fdld<!

mq:l
H3Jl'f<:io
~a

~ ~

~~
~

cJtlfHt
~

unsf<!"

t.FITl{R?>

;:ffiar
~

~lJa

~"3T

~ ~

and 'FKftt [sahid] , ~ [sakkar], 'Ffi1T [saja], 'Rd"83" [sarbat], FI"'D'a" [sahab], wit [sadi], Fr3"ro [sEtan], o;:ro [hajar], B"mf [hajar], aFJTEt [kasai], ~ [kabja], cxa;:r [karaj], a-ror;:r [kagaj], l:fFI}f [khasam],. q(W [gussa] ,. ;j'ijl::fT [carkha], ~ [jarurat], ~ [jor], 3W [tama], 3RT [tosa], (')(JlTijT [nagara], "8"R [baj], If<'S [manjur], ~ [IIhaj] ... etc. are from Arabic-Persian; and fFfCIH [astam], fGA"d" [aphsar], Hfc:fu" [sakIQ], ext.8"O [kaptan], ~ [karabin], ~ [kunm], ~ [jarnEl] , ~ [tIkkas], ZH [tErn], ~ [QIgri], ~ [daresi], ~ [patlun], tj"ije [paret], ~ [pr:sbl], ~ [bEra], ~ [botal], f}'fz [mIt], l&" [mil], mlHC [rajmat], oilG [rapot], QG?? [raphal] etc. are from English. ~ (evolved) are those words which, come from Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian a~ English, and have altogether changed their fonner shape. The following will mak,,( ~ amply clear : Punjabi Example "SIr pahI usnik-hr nik banai."-NP. ~R?flcx 13dI8<!i "brkhu kaqhE mukh uglare."-m 4 val' gau 1. "aut jal).eda jaI."-m 1 val' ram 1. ~o "naval).u purabu abhicu."--,--tukha chJt m 4. ~ A13 a f() "saukanI ghar ki k;')t tIagi. "-asa m 5. AfaF()afa "satr nrratI bUjhE je kOI."-sukhmani. ~ "jIU k;')can kothari carro, kabro hot phrro."-sar m 5. ~ "asmanI krara chIkronu."-var ram 3. ~ "kharbaru khira."-BG. = "khrma vIhul).e khapIge khuhal).I lakh as;')kh."-oJkar. ~ "na galligakhiE."-BG. ~ qrwEt "gusai ! partapu tuharo Qitha."-s:ar am 5. "kamal alIpat hE SE ~latha VICI gulalu."-m 4 varsri. ~ 1.J.fH< "'ghasr c;')danu jasu ghasIa."-kalI m 4. ft'dd(')~l "jaharnavi tape bhagirathI al).i."--mala m 4. (ff't.f<!T "jo gur gope apl).a, su bhala nahi."-m 4 val' gau 1. ~ "chanIchar varr saul). sasat bicaru."-bIla m 3 val' 7. ~ "kuram sake naii javai."-asa m 4. H-a"jIu kusti tanI jok."-sar surdas. "rhu jiu machli, jhivaru trrsna kalu."-m 1 val' ram 1. ~ -tlfo "chike par teri bahutu qithI."-basJt kabir. 33"ftf~ "mokh tatbId mahI jan nIrdhar hE."-NP. "tapar jhar vIchaI."-BG. '3"lS "kajal har tamol ras."-var maru 2 m 5. 3HM"

Page 23 of 738

xxvi
~J1

Encyclop<edia of The Sikh Literature

Q~Mtld

c5'3T
l.fW;flf
~

l:fm.r?>
~o

1JftWft:rtt ~~fir
~

l.SFI"fu" wffi
$

"kIt-hi kamI na dhaulhar jItu han bIsrae."-suhi m 5. "put pota parota natta."-BG. "nanak paI;}pE karhu knpa."-brla chat m 5. "sagal parachat lathe."-sor m 5. "parOSal).I puchIle nama."-sor namdev. "~asi Jr mJsa jag VIVIdh vIkhyata hE."-BGK. "kInhi laug supari."-keda kElbir.

Arabic-Persian Punjabi
0(GF.f

a11R
~

trW

clafi'lH \! 't'ltlRd'

'i37iH
ljFIW

JfdlN
BWH-?W 3':d'ff'l1Rf
r~~:Nl3

~
'i1t1WW

3'"a'fN 31ftaT
3TMC(

~~

~WffiJ

~~

m:rtTcx
(')TJjR

m:fI"fq

o91;ro

rn

oHm
st"ldl'dl

C'l13it

Q"0R1
~

HFlffiJo}
~

sf.ttl6( ' dl

Example "kausE sapat payala."-bher namdev. "galhukavaI kholI pahInai."-BG. "kunsa kini tin prabina."-GPS. "khusre kIa gharvasu?"-m 1 var majh. "jin khurgir sabhu pavIt hahI."-m 4 var sor. "CUl).I vakhI kac;lhe jajmaIIa."-var asa. "marhate dakhl).i kI ye tagir." -PPP. "sdtIguru pura karE tabibi."-BG. "tIsu maIa S;}gI na talka."-maru solhe m 5. "mE gur mIlI uc dumalra."-sri m 5 pEpar. "gur kE sabadI najikI pachal).hu."-maru solhe m 3. "us di namosi hOl).lagi."-JSBB. "us di nit badli vekhke."-JSBB. "nugadi modak adIk brfd."-GPS. "kIukan paIa hOI bajgari."-BG. "bio pUChI na maslatI dharE."-g5Q m 5.
"kIa masitI SIr nae?"-prabha kabir. "brfd majur lage tab aI."-GPS. "pathyo matbar take pas."-GPs. "anIk musaddi karte kar."-GPS. "na jalu leph tulaia."-vaQ alahaI)i m 1.

H"H"ft:R"
~o
B~3"8"O

w:ftf3" Htfo
~

B3Nit
~

BRit
~G

Similar is the rule applicable to tadbhav words from English, Portuguese and French languages - ~-Adjutant; ~-orderly; ~-Hospital; ~-Command;~ Colonel; ~R-Cartouche; ~tT7)-Commandant; dl~'JlM Grenadier; furzR"-Gaiters; ~-Bull's eye; ~-Dozen; ~-Battalion or Platoon; tR"dl"-Padre; ~-Flannel; acn-Bouton; 'HH-Madam; ~-Reporter; ~-Recruit; ~-Lieutenant; we-Lord; ~-Lantern... etc.

Page 24 of 738

Introduction

xxvii

(d)

~ (mixed) words are those which have come into being through a combination

(e)

(f)

(g) (h) 18. 19. 20. 21.

oftwo or more languages, for example ~ 390 [dl).iale tir], RTfua" fRur [sahIb sigh], B~ <111 [suddr$dn prEs], B~o [sultanpur], dC(1Cl(3~I'Fe [hdkikdtraI], ufo oft tsT [hdrI ki p::>ri], SidlMlae-a- [huglibaddr]' ~ [kubol], cl'MHiCl(ifMti [khalsakaIIj], Q]"Q'8l:fF.f fflur [gurbdkhd$ sigh], ~ [guruq.om], ti'dti(,)dld [jardjndgdr], lj1:IfMHdl~ [muxlISgdrh], dMdli! [relgdq.q.i], ~ [layalpur] ... etc. ~ (imitation) words are fOlmed by imitating some sound, for example Hi" Hi" [sa sa], BB [su su], ~ ~ [tdl). tdl).], ~ Z [tE tE], Ql"d" Ql"d" [thah thah], ~ ~ [thE thE]~ ~ ~ [q.og q.ug], ~ ~ [q.3 q.5], t:SH [dhdr:~m] ... etc. ~ (resonance) words are formed by juxtaposing words of similar sound such as cfc ~ [kdtt vdq.q.h], ~ ~ [khal).a dal).a], lfIit ~ [pal).i q.hal).i], ~ ~ [puri uri], }-jT\j" ~ [mar q.har] ... etc. l ~ (allusive) words are those which by referring to certain traits or qualities carry special meaning such as uUu (owl) for a stupid person, or anad for marriage. ~ (abbreviated) words are formed by shortening others such $aba from $adba$, sudi from $ukdl dIl)., bddi from bdhul d:[l).. Literary terms are provided detailed definition and explication, See~, ~, ~, FrO, fg:Lrro, ~, iifuor, i\l.iCl(", ~, ~, ~(;lT3", QFf, ~.. etc. Errors committed by historians have been rectified with full evidences, See 'ti"Gl'fRur,
~,mmm-etc.

22.

23.

Words relating to rituals are explained in full. See l?fi:ft, ~ 13~'13<!', tJQWtrtr6" 3iT ~, lfIit ~... etc. Difficult words, phrases or lines are indicated by the first word ofthe line followed by the remaining a couplet or quatrain. See ~. H-t:M" arft., >tfmf ~., ~ ~ -efEr Jft", 3b1 ~ l'>@ Uft:r ffig., ~~., tffi:rw ~.~ mft. etc. Certain lexicographers and scholars not understanding the grammatical rules of Prakrit and Punjabi grammar applicable to derivations froni Sanskrit have given wrong meanings contrary to context. These words have been corrected so as to be in accordance with Gurbani. See Bn 9, ~ 2, lfOl'cf 3, ~ 2, lRFf... etc. Some additional words have been given against lexicographical traditions so that semi-literate scholars do not misinterpret Gurbani wilfully by going against the scriptural texts. For instance trtIfu [caUrI] after t:~ [caur], fa'fQ [rinhI] after fd<:f [rinh] have been separately put. Similarly See QJfa", Hfu, Hfn, Humr... etc. 2
~,
~~

'Ruralites, use onomatopoeic words as aa't ~, 1.S't 1J<iT, "trsT ~... etc. 21, myself, have heard certain scholarly persons pronounce R ~ as
~ CRJT<r 0

and

CJfJ <fCreT f'<rf'q CfTfEl?fT as

CfTfEl?fT. Through mispronuciation they play havoc with meanings.

Page 25 of 738

XXVIll

Encyclopredia of The Sikh Literature

New letters have been devised to transliterate in Punjabi the words of Sanskrit, Arabic and Persian so as to enable their correct pronunciation. I Historians of languages know that a word after entering another language becomes a part ofthat language. To relegate such Punjabi words back to their original form would be a hostile act against the mother tongue. See illustrations under heading seventeen of word-distinctions and altered words. 25. At the end ofthe illustrations, information is provided about poets and their writings. 2 A list ofsymbols used has been given in the beginning ofthe book under the head 'ABBREVIATIONS' To give detail of obstacles and disappointments faced during the preparation and publication of this book would lessen the enthusiasm of the writers. However it is also necessary to mention in passing that our community has very little regard for work ofthis kind. Not many know how such works are written and what benefit can to be drawn from them. I am highly indebted and grateful to those votaries of knowledge who provided me help in this venture, especially reverend Bhai Bishan Singh Ji, Mahant Gurdwara Baba Ajapal Singh, Nabha, who took great pain in writing in order the words noted by me from numerous volumes, Pandit Krishandas Shastri Udasin, professor Teja Singh, M.A., Khalsa . College and Bhai Dharmant Singh who gave valuable suggestions during the revision. Raja Sir Daljit Singh ofKapurthala and Sardar Mukand Singh Engineer Simla spared time to write on 'rags', Bhai Mohan Singh Vaid ofTam Taran and Bhai Dharam Singh Ji Vaid ofBudiala, helped in \\Titing about diseases. Sardar Nand Singh Ramgarhia of Simla contributed a lot in the preparation ofmaps of gurdwaras, Maulana Maulavi Hakim Mirza Muhammad Nazir Sahib Asshe, Munshi Fazil took the trouble of replying to historyrelated queries, Late Dhani Ram 'Chartik', Printer Sudarshan Press Amritsar, not behaving like a businessman but as a votary ofknowledge, published it, excellently with enthusiasm and devotion. Last of all, I am grateful to the court ofPatiala entitled to blessing from Satguru and honour from Sikh Panth through the benevolence of which this book has reached the readers. 3 I am highly indebted to those scholars whose histories, glossaries, dictionaries etc. have been helpful in this endeavour ofmine. 4
'See under 'New Letters'. 2Such quotations as carry no names of authors at the end are mine. 3Due to the publication of 1000 copies instead of 500 as envisaged earlier, the increase of pages from 3000 to 3338 and the retention of scholars for supervision, the price has been increased to Rs. 11 0/from the initial one ofRs. 70/-. It does not include any payment to the author for devoting so much time to the project. 4The names of books are not listed to avoid increase in size.

24.

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Introduction

xxix

Subject to forgetfulness and little knowledge, I shall heartily thank by speech and writing those who would take the trouble ofpointing out any errors to be found here.
Nabha 1 Baisakh, Sammat Guru Nanak 461, Bikrami 1987 13 April 1930

Servant ofthe lovers of knowledge

Kahan Singh

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MAPS AND PICTURES

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. Map of Hindustan Maharaja Hira Singh Ii, ruler ofNabha Kapurthala Gurdwara Palace ofthe Kapurthala ruler The valiant crusader, Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia Maharaja Jagatjit Singh Ji, ruler ofKapurthala Gurdwara Thamm Sahib, Kartarpur Map ofKartarpur - Dehra Baba Nanak Map of Kartarpur - Jalandhar Raja Ravishwar Singh, ruler ofKalsia Holy Shrine in Mecca Shrine ofBaba Gurditta Ji, Kiratpur MapofKiratpur Gurdwara Khadur Sahib Pictures ofGurmukhi (New and Old) Gurdwara Bauli Sahib, Goindwal Map ofGoindwal and Khadur Sahib Gurdwara TilakAsthan, Chamkaur Sahib Gurdwara Katalgarh, Chamkaur Sahib Map ofChamkaur Sahib Maharaja Ranbir Singh Sahib Bahadur, ruler of Jind Raja Raghubir Singh Sahib Page No. 691 699 745 746 747 748 765 766 767 783 813
843 844 925

1057-60 1083
1084

1155 1156 1157 1325 1326

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u [haha] fifth character of Punjabi script. Its place of articulation is larynx. 2 In Punjabi u
is used for vIsarag, as ('))-liJ is used for Olf:. 3 [; of Persian becomes [a] in Punjabi and [0] in Sindhi and Dingal; as for example ~ and ~ for~, ~and ~ for~, ~and~ for~,~and~ forBlfJ, ~ and ~ for ~. 4 Skt part a vocative. S remorse. 6 disrespect. 7 n water. 8 Shiv. 9 sky. 10 heaven. uiI [haul pron ego, 1. "tIsu guru kau hall vana."-var v<JQ m 4. 2 n ego, egoism; idea of self. "kotI karam kan: hau dhan:." -sukhm<Jni. "dukh ka tE hau mara." -bhEr <J m 1. "hau tap bInse sada sarse."-suhi chat m 5. 3 This word has been used in place of<J' or "iT. "tum jau kahat hau nad ko nadan."-g<Ju k<Jbir. 'What you say.' -mI [Mu] pron ego, 1. "tI~u guru kau Mu sada namaskari. "-var v<JQ m 4. 2 n ego, egoism, pride. $ [haus], <ffiH [haus] A v:n n ardent desire, yearning. "bhIchukan haus na dhan ki rahi."
-ramav.

bhine."-ram <J m 1. 2 pride of the self; introspecting over self-importance. ~ orroefo [haumE gavam] Skt fufJf ~, Ritvij; a priest who recites Vedic mantar during an oblation.! "haumE gavanI gavahI git." -bhEr <J k<Jbir. uijH }f}-/3T [haumE mamta] n egoism, selfhood, self-assertion. "haumE mamta sabadI jalae." -maru solhe ill 3. ~ [haura], ~ [hauro] adjlight, weightless, useless. "bhaIO lobh sagI haura."-g<Ju m 9. "hau hauro tu thakur gauro."-asa m 5. ~ [haul] A J:n n fear, fright, dread, terror. "nIt haule haulI marahi."-var g<Ju 1 m 4. See
~. ~ fhaula] adjlight. 2 worthless, cheap. "hor

[haukulvan] n sound of uneasiness, cry of pain. "pausi haukulvan."-JSBB and m<Jgo. ~ [hauda] See ~t!T. trij'H [haume], [haumE] n Yif<i -HH. ego, egoism, pride, self-esteem. "tInI atan haumE kaq.a he. "-sohila. 2 See ~ 0Rrl?i. ~ ~ [haumE garabu] pride and disobedience. See~. "haumE garabu jaI man

uijg1'S~I()

mrH

hauli mati haule bol."-var sar m 1. uiffi;r [hauII] in fear, See mp, ~ [haua] n an object of terror; imaginary dread. Women often use this word to frighten their children. 2 dreadful, terrible. [haIl Skt <Jfu, n destruction, devastation, See ~. 2 Skt (J(if horse. 3 part alas!; an expression of pain. ~ [haIO] adjwhisked, struck. "phIrI phIn kal h~lIO."-g<Ju kabir. 'Death has struck.' c:rful')(T [haIa] adj struck. 2 A l? n shyness, shame. "tnsan na bujhE bahutu haIa."-ram m 5. 'It is a matter of great shame.' mft [hail (he) kills, (he) slaughters. "sada sada kal hai."-kan m 5. 2 is. "mIratu nIkatI

ure

IThose scholars who interpret don't understand the context.

h,lUffie

as

hJffiE

i.e. pride,

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nIkatI sada hai."--kan m 5. 3 adj one who owns a horse. 4 n horse rider, cavalry. "rathi gaji hai patjl apar SEn bhajj hE."-paras. mft ~ [hai tail derogatory word used for showing disrespect. "tab sEdo hai tai karan lagga."-JSBM. ~ [haimadrI] SkI ftn..rrf;; n mountain of ice; Himalaya. "kI haimadrIja hE."--datt. 'Is Parvati the daughter of Himalaya?' ~ [haimadrIja] See ~. ~1 [haimadri] people living 111 the Himalayan range. See ~. ~ [hae] adj were struck, got killed. "raD rna jab man mahip hae."-dIlip. 2 See RI. ~ [haoora] 'iJGf-~, king of horses, uccEh:;;rava, an exalted person. w:r [has] SkI ~ vr laugh, ridicule. 2 SkI trn" n joy, delight "IE laha manI has jiu."-gaum 4. 'U'R<!" [hasaD] n fenced space in which Parsees keep dead bodies for birds like kites and hawks to eat them; dakhma. Tower of silence. See UF!"f<f. 2 SkI laughter, amusement. 3 SkI ~ attenuating activity, attenuation. ~ [hasDa] See UFl"C: 2. bursting of the pouch of a gun or a cannon. 2 See f1..Inrw 2. ~ [hasaDI] in laughter. See UFl"C: 1. "Ik bhi phIrI hasaDI palu."-var sor m 3. ~ [hasaI:lU] See UFl"C:. 2 "tanu manu dijE sajDa sa hasaDu saru."-sava m 1. URa'" [hasat] adj laughing. "hasat khelat tere dehure aIa."-bh<:r namdev. 2 See ufJ::r3". 3 SkI <TlJ n hand. "hasat caran sot tahIl kamaiE." -gau tlutI m 5. 4 half a yard; a measure of length from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger; cubit. 5 SkI <JJft (~), one who has a trunk; elephant. "putr kalatr na s5gI sobha hast ghorI vIkari."-bIha chgjt m 5. 6 See <TlJ. cll13QtI [hasat-uc] n a bag of the shape of a cow's mouth. While telling beads, they are kept
l'lfu. 11f3'. infantry. foot soldiers.

within it. Hindu scriptures do not allow beads to touch the ground; one should keep them close to his chest and so hasat-uc figures as a noun. "hastuc prem dharIDi."-sahas m 5. ~"SO [hdSdt alabdn] SkI ~"SO. n hand's support. "hdsdt-dlabdn dehu prdbhu."-gau m
5.
t:rR'3'ilI3"

[hdSdtgdt] in hand, something in hand.

clI1311]clC! [hdsdtgrdhdn] holding one's hand. See

~. ~

[hasat-tdl] palm of the hand; palm.

UFf3OTY'ij" [hdstdnapur] See ~'ij".

tJ"Fl"3'fn [hdStdnI], UR3?i9' [hdstdni] n female

ele'phant; one who has a trunk. 2 troop of elephants.-sanama. 3 See . tn=r:rl:;: [hasatprdd] one who gives hand i.e. one who saves by giving a helping hand; a helper. UFf3Tlfa" [hastakhdr] tI1f5N, signature. (J'I1'3T}fli5' [hdstamdl], ~ [hdstamdldk] hdStamldk, the fruit ofthe emblic myrobalan in the hand. This phrase is used for knowledge free of scepticism, just as there is no doubt about emblic myrobalan in the hand, so is the person who really knows or realises the Divine. "ldkhI hdstamal atma."-GPs. ~"SO [hastalabdn] support of the hand. See
~.

w:rfd" [hdSdtI] elephant, See <JJft. "hdSdtI ghore

jore mdnbhani."-asa m 5.

clI1faft3;:Nn [hdsdtICIrai] See

~'ij"

~.

[hdstrnapur] See ~'ij".

mat [hdSti] adj smiling. 2 n elephant. "hdSti ghore pakhre."--sri amI. See <JTEit. 3 adj (an
elephant) with lifted trunk. "gdj hdSti ke pran udharidle."--mali namdev. 'saved the life of an elephant calling for help.' 4 See <JJft. clI1d'l>.! A [hdsti-es] n Indar, who is the master of Airavat, the elephant.--sanama. 2 Airavat, chief of all elephants.

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[hdsti-espIta] n Indar, the master of Airavat; Kashyap, his father.-scmaITIi'l. mE' [hdStO] adj laughing. "hdStO jaI su rovdt aVI'."-sar kabir. m:I'e' [hdsdd] A .J,? jealousy, n envy, jealousy, spite. UfIO [hdsdn] Skt n laughing, indulging in laughter. 2 A ~ adjbeautiful, charming. 3 n elder son of Caliph Ali and Fatima, daughter of prophet Mohammad. He was born on (1 sl March 625 AD) 3 Hijri and died in 49 Hijri. In 41 Hijri, Hasan became the fifth Caliph after the death of his father. After six months, he resigned from Caliphate. On 17 th March, 669 AD, his wife Jaadah killed him by administering poison as instigated by emperor Yazid. Hasan had twenty children of whom fifteen were sons and five daughters. The children of Hasan and Husain were known as Sayyad and Mir, revered among Muslims for being from the prophet's lineage. See qoT (cr). UFI7i ~ [hdsdn dbdal] A town of district Campbellpore. There is a police station and also a railway station. Now this place is famous as Panja Sahib. Baba Hasan Abdal, who lived here, refused to give water from his pond to Bhai Mardana, who was feeling very thirsty. With his power, Guru Nanak Dev drew the water of that pond towards himself. That enraged Vali Kandhari and he 'hurled a rock on Guru Nanak. The Guru stopped that rock, leaving on it an imprint of his hand. As the imprint of Guru's hand is marked on that rock so the place has come to be known as Panja Sahib. Baba Hasan Abdal Sayyad belonged to Sabazvar (Khurasan region) and came to India with Mirza Shahrukh. He died in Kandhar. See l.fW J'I'I"fmr. 'd'R7i )::IT [hdsdn XEi] a detective deputed by Lalabeg, the commander. He had come to

(j1"la1~l"Irl..f3T

collect secre~ information about the army of Guru Hargobind, who was then in Gurusar Mehraj in district Ferozepur. After meeting him he became a disciple of the Guru. Due to a blessing from the Guru, emperor Shahjahan gave him a high post. mroy'6' [hdsdnpur] It is situated in Rajpura subdivision of Patiala state. This place has a joint gurdwara named after Guru Teg Bahadur and Guru Gobind Singh. The ninth Guru stayed here for three days. Guru Gobind Singh came from Lakhnaur and stayed here for some time. The chief of this place was a great adnftrer of Guru Gobind Singh. He served the Guru with devotion. His descendants claim to possess the Guru's Edict. There is a gurdwara and its residential quarters were built by the people of village Kabulpur in Sammat 1975. The priest is a Sikh. From Shambhu railway station to the southwest, there is unmetalled road about three miles long. As villlage Kabulpur is situated nearby so this place is jointly known as Hasanpur-Kabulpur. ~ [hdSdbj A ~ adj according to; in accordance with. 2 n counting, inclusion. 3 ~ fuel, firewood, wood suitable as fuel. CJIDf3" [hd~mat] A .:;.-.p n majesty, wealth, property, prosperity. 2 glory, grandeur. 3 huge force. CJFIJjl:I' [hdsmukhj adj jovial, cheerful. tJffif [hdsdr] A ~ n trust, dependence. 2 help. 3 A ? to collect. 4 rising on the day of reckoning. 5 misconduct. UFRf3' [hdsrdt] A .::.-/ desire, longing, unfulfilled cravling, unrealised thought. 2 pain ofunfulfilled longing. tJ'Ffl'5l [hdSlij n small river (canal). See 'Y:EJ-r t!"R. 2 small necklace; ornament worn around the neck. 3 See jl::rffi.

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648

m:r

[hasu] See Ul1 r3"

W:r.

Ulp5" [hasul] A jA> receive, attain. uR-a" [haseb] A ~ n count, estimate, number;

this is transform of hISab. "haseb thake kar hath na ae."-dkal. W:r [hass] n laughter, laughing. 2 collarbone. 3 A necklace worn by women around the neck that touches the collarbone. 4 Skt()'"F(' short for mf,joy. U1J [hast] Skt n hand. "hast kamal mathe pan dharia."-SClVE'ye m 4 ke. 2 cubit. 3 elephant's trunk. 4 thirteenth planet. 5 P ..::.-; existing. 6 P .::.?r eight. ~ [hastuc] See <:JR3" ~. ~ [hast-an] sword, enemy ofthe elephant's trunk.--sdnama. See cm3". ~ [hastgrahaD] n act of grasping a hand; holding of hand. 2 marriage, in which a husband holds the hand of his wife at the time of the wedding. m;ro [hastan] P JY' existence. ~ [hastmalak] fruit of emblic myrobalan placed in the hand, i.e. lucid knowledge. 2 A sage, author ofHastamalak, a famous treatise on Vedant. ~'ij" [hastInapur] a city established in his father's name by Ajmidh who was son of Hastin and grandson of Sahotar. It was the capital of Kauravs. Situated on the bank of Ganga in district Meerut, it is around fifty-seven miles from Delhi. The ancient town was washed away by river Ganga. The present city is a new establishment. I ~ [hastInil n female elephant with a trunk. 2 erotic type of a woman "thul aguli cara!)
IGeographical Dictionary mentions this city as situated 22 miles to the north-east of Meerut; it further adds that Nichak.shu, grandson of Janmeja, set up his capital in Kaushambi when Hastinapur was inundated by river water.

mukh, adhar bhnkutI btu bo1. madansadan rad kadhra, mad cal CIt 101. sved madanjal dvnad mad gadhIt bhure ke:;;. atI tichan bahu lorn tan bhanI hastInI Ih ves."-rClsrk prrya. c:n;tt [hasti] See ~. 2 P lr' n being, existence. UtI" [hah] part a word, indicating grief, insult or wonder. ~ [hahkar] n loud lamentation, cry of mourning; sound ofdistressing commotion. tm'or [hahakk] short for~. "hahakk bhrva sruta."-ram. 'heard a terrible lamentation.' 'UUi')T3" [hahnat] neighs, neigh. "hahnat haycf." -nClrsfgh U'(J'ij" [hahar] Pkt n shiver, tremble. "h;)le hahar kaha cal gayo."--GPs. "bnkh bun lag jse hahrat pat."-BGK. 2 horse's neighing. "hahrat haya." -nClrsfgh m:Ja'TC [hahrat] n neighing sound, sound of neighing. "tej calf:' hahrat kIe."-krISdn. ~ [hahrat] See (J(J'ij". umJI?iT [hahrana] v tremble. 2 be scared. 3 be surprised. 4 neigh. "U"mJ'T'ij"T [hahrara] adj frightening; terrible; seeing whom one utters words of terror. "sr;)n pravah bahIt hahrara."-CdrItr405. utJT [haha] part hal alas! "haha hamre gnh syam na ayo."-krISCln. 2 incessant killing. "kaT IE hathIyar haha kahI c;lhuke."-CdrItr 2. utJT ~ [haha huh] n loud laughter, laughter with a loud noise. "haha huh hasa."-VN. 2 See <JT<JT ~. ufu [hahI] v is. "hahI bhi hovanhar."-bavdn. 2 are. "nanak ae se parva!) hahI."-sri m 3. 'ij'fua- [hah n] See (J(J'ij". tJg [hahu] (you) are, (you) exist. "ab tum hahu, ham nahi."-gClu kdbir. 'Now you exist, not we.' tm [hak] A J adj truth. "hak hukdm sacu khudaIa."-maru solhe m 5. 2 truthful. 3 n right to possess; an object which one desires

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to own. "haku paraIa nanka! us suar us gaI." ~var majh m i. 4 justice, fairness. "va(lhi ld::e haku gavae."-var ram i m i. 5 the Creator, the exalted One. "hak sacu khalaku khalak mIane."-tI1Jg kdbir. 6 This word has also been used for roaring; lion's roar, thunder. "dal dEtan mCldh pClra hakkE." -jdlJ dh dr. 7 See cj'q. ~ [hakl)a] v goad, inspire, push. ~ [haknIaI] true justice. 2 divine justice. ~ [hakpClrast] P ..::./-t Cf adj the Creator's devotee, Allah's believer. 2 practitioner oftruth. ~ [hClkla] Skt "fr3C? adj stammerer; one whose speech is not clear; one whose vocal cords are damaged. (Jol'iPa' [hakvara] adj driver, prompter. 2 owner of one's own right. tJQT [haka] P Lib vocative for god, hailing the Creator, who is truth incarnate. "haka karim bbir tU."-tI1Jg mi. 2 part in the name of the Creator. 3 investigation, thorough confirmation. tJQT uoit [haka hClki] n shoving and jostling, pull and push. 2 advthrough harassment. "hClkahClki maca ghClmsana."-carItr 405. ~ [hClkani] A j~ adj related to one's right, divine power. "IkE hClkani I~Clk hE."-mago. ~ [hakayClt] A ..:%~ n story, tale. ~ [hClkayta], ~ [hClkayat] A ..:_~~ plural of hClkaYClt; tales. 2 Eleven tales in Persian attached to Zafarnama at the end of Dasam Granth by some scribe having no relation with the Book. 'U'iifl'd" [hClkar] n appeal call, cry, See -q vr. 2 tr character. 3 pronunciation of'J character. ~ [hClkarClt] adv call, summoning. 2 A ~.JIP n regarding the other as inferior; hatred, dislike. tfCilTd"i')T [hClkarna] v call, summon, call aloud, See -q vr. ~ [hClkarra], ~ [hClkara] caller. See

"aIa hClkara cCllal) vara."-sadu. P ~.J~ messenger, postman. "ij"fq [hClkI] in truth. "IClgE hClkI ja I. "-var ram i mi. "ij"fq fi'i1'flfu [hClkI nIaI] through true justice, in all fairness. "gurumukh SIU mClnmukh ClrE (lubE hClkI nIaI."-m 2 var majh. ~ [hClkibt] A ~ n reality, truth. 2 story, tale "kClri hE hClkibt malum khud devi seti."-cJc;li i. 3 state of knowledge. See lJ-g'T. ~Q1fu [hakibtraI] Haqiqat Rai was born in 1781 in the house ofBagh Mall Puri, a Khatri of Sialkot. His mother was Gauran who was from a Sikh family. He was married to Durga Devi, daughter of Khatri Kishan Chand Uppal, a sahajdhari Sikh. He was a resident of Batala. In the company of Bhai Budh Singh, he became a devotee of the Sikh doctrine. His father sent him to school in the town to learn the then state language. One day during a religious exchange between Haqiqat Rai and his Muslim classmates, the latter made some derogatory remarks against the Hindu goddess. Haqiqat Rai countered by asking how they would feel if such remarks were uttered about Bibi Fatima, daughter of Mohammad? The maulvi and his classmates could not bear this just remark and got a report lodged against him by the ruler Amir Beg of Sialkot to the state of Lahore. The Muslim rulers told him to convert to Islam but Haqiqat Rai declined to do so. At this young Haqiqat Rai was killed by the order of Subedar Khan Bahadur (Zakriakhan) on 5th day ofthe eleventh month ofBikrami calendar in 1841 (Sammat 1798). The memorial of Haqiqat Rai is situated to the east of Lahore at a distance of two miles,where a big fair of Basant Panchmi is held every year. uoi'lcE ~ ljWH ~ (')Tg "ij'l"fl ott [hClkibt rah
~(jT.

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mukam SIV nabh raje ki] a written document by a Sikh of a journey to Sinhladeep (Sangladeep) made a part of the scripture of Shai Sanno. Many ignorant persons have made it a part of daily prayer like "sIahi di bIdhI." Shai Santokh Singh has written that Shai Pairha sent by Guru Arjan Dev, went to Sangladeep to bring the text of Pransangli. After coming back, he narrated the story of his journey to the Guru. Shai Sanno included it in his bir (manuscript): "pEra kharo agr kar jar.. rah hakikat sagal sunai.. so bano SIkh lIkhi garath, janat tako saglo path."-GPS. tl'Cfto [hakin] A ~ adj caught, stopped; its root is ~ "rag tamase mal)I hakina. "-maru solhe m 5. 'Enjoy life's pleasures by controlling your senses. ' ~ [hakina] See ~. 'il"i5fu.f [hakim] A adj learned, scholarly, intelligent, clever, philosopher. 2 n physician. UcilHy~ [hakimpur] See (WiCl(Rd 6. ~ [hakiyat] A ~ n ownership, possessIOn. uoita- [hakir] A 27 adjinsulted. 2 mean, inferior, indigent. tR3 [haku] See <Tel. "maral)u mUl)sa SUrIa haku hE."-va<;i m 1 alahal)i. ~ [hakuk] A J}? plural ofifcx ~ [hakahak] incessant calling, cacophony of calls. ~cx [hakk] See tm. 2 n stammer, indistinct articulation. See <:J"6R?T. "US nu bolde hoe hakk pE'di hE."-prov. 3 Skt word commonly used by a keeper to call the elephant. 4 See ~. 5 call, cry. "hakkdeva kara."-ramav. ~ [hakkal)a] v goad, drive. 2 push, move lightly.

~ [hakktala] A 1l....J }J the Divine, the true

One. "bada ki khu~amad se amad na jyada hot pana to vahi hE jo dIlana hakktala ne." -bava ramdas. 'ti'a'r [hakka] See <:J'Cr". 2 See ft:rtroIT. ~w iw [hakka bakka] adj wonderstruck; surprised. "gne hakk bakka."-VN 2 stunned due to surprise. UOT [hag] SktffCi..,vr excrete faeces, ease oneself. tJaJ1HT [hagama] P -'~ n time, period. 2 assembly of diverse men. See 'ti'orw. 3 in Punjabi this word is also used for a gathering at the feast of a dead person. ~ [hackola] n swing. 2 push. 3 jerk. ~ [hachnai] n tidiness, purity, cleanliness. 2 adj pure, clean. "malin budhI hachnai." -asa m 5. tJST [hacha], ~ [hachha] SkI ~ adj clean, pure. "bhaqa atI malil)u dhota hacha na hOISi."-suhi m 1. "nanak nau khudaI ka dIlI hachE mukhI lehu."-var majhm 1. "tanI dhotE manu hacha na hOI."-va<;i m 3. 2 healthy, sound, hale and hearty. 3 In Chambese dialect this word is used for clean and white. tJtI' [hajj See 'Uft1 8 ~tr. 2 A b> delight, happiness. 3 portion, part. 4 taste, relish. ~ [hajdah] P ~).r eighteen. m:J}f, [hajam] A break, crush. 2 digest, be digested. 'iJ"ffif3' [hajrat] A ..:;.,j'V n closeness, intimacy, presence. 2 This word is used as a mark of reverence for elderly people. "hajarat jo pharmaIa phatava majh kItab."-JSBB. ~ [hajrat], <Jf1d'Gl3 [hajrayat] See ~. ~ [hajro] main town ofa subdivison ofdistrict Attak. See <JT}f 8. ~ [hajav] See <ftj-. (JHl}fd' [hajamat] A ..:/~ draw blood with a hollow horn or cone after a slight cutting in the skin. 2 i.e. tonsure. The skin is cleared

mur

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murida da kahI.l).a." after shaving the hair while fixing cone to purifY the blood, so this word is used for shaving. tl'fR [hajI] for Haj, to Haj. "koinaVEtirathI koi ~ [hajar] P .J~ n ten hundred, one thousand, hajI jaI."-ram ill 5. See (]';:r. 1000. m:mr [hajir], <:rtfIo+ [hajira] See ~. Uf.1TiJ ;:r'J13'f [hazar dasata] P \;Jv-b .J~ 'ijij'H [hajurn] See ~. UV-J .;Ii, n one thousand stories. 2 a bird that utJ"6' [hajur] A .J? adj visible, present. ";'}tarjami makes thousands of sounds. This is the special sada hajur." -toQi ill 5. 2 part an honorific name of a certain kind of sparrow-hawk. It is term; Siir. of brown colour and produces many sounds. utJO' 'R'Tfua" [hajur sahIb] See 1 FatlM<')dld. In size it is bigger than an agan and smaller utJO' ~ [hajur hajar] See <:J'Tt1d' <1tJO. than a gutar. Poets have used this name for ~ [hajuri] P r.).J? n presence, attendance. agan, c;'}dol, Indian lark, and bulbul. "titar ci:Jkor 2 adjwho is in attendance, i.e., "hajuri sewak, caru dastahajar laI, pfjre majhar paI dhare; hajuri sagatI." patI p5.tI ke."-GPS. See rcJI('), ~8~. ~ [hajuria] adj a person who has visited 'ij'Rl'QT [hajara] adj of one thousand numbers. Hazoor Sahib. 1 2 one who resides in Hazoor 2 elder. 3 precious. 4 n marigold flower of Sahib. 3 present, akin. thousand petals. 5 a fountain of many currents. ~ [hajuriE] in attendance, visible, present, 6 a district of north-western frontier (NWFP) closeby. "parbraham gurdev sada hajuriE." region; in Mahabharat and Markandaye Puran -var jEt. the name of this region is Abhisar. 7 a village tril [hajo] A < n defamation, calumny. "hajo in Afghanistan. 8 a village of diistrict and apki jagat aiavE."-GPs. subdivision Jallandhar, visited by Guru m:r [hajj] A 0 a pilgrimage to Kaaba, which as a dictum in Islam is essential for Muslims to Hargobind. 'ij'Rl'QT fi:fur [hajara sfgh] a merchant of Sirhind undertake. It comes in zulhIjah, the twelfth month of who became a Sikh after Guru Gobind Singh performed the initiation ceremony of the Hijri calendar. The manner of performing Hajj Khalsa. Then he turned a great warrior and is as under: When Mecca is the final halt, the pilgrim showed great valour in the battle ofAnandpur Sahib. should tie Ehram after taking bath, i.e. he should ~ mrt!' [hajare sabad] seven hymns of Guru shed old clothes, keep only two sheets, one for the lower part of the body and the other Granth Sahib and ten hymns ofDasam Granth; Devout Sikhs name them 'hajare'. This name for the upper part, and should remove his shoes but there is no ban on wearing wooden was not given by the Guru nor was it popular sandals. He must reach Mecca while singing then for hajar means the main or the chosen talbiya. The meaning of this song is '1 stand one. 2 Some devout people think that word here at your service; you have no rival; hajare derives from hIjar (separation), a hymn certainly your praise is prayer in the real sense; in Majh Rag ofGuru Arjan Dev. It was written to express sense of separation from his father; on the earth only your rule prevails. ' the state of a separated person is there in I Hajis command the same respect among Mulsims as do Dasam Granth's hymn, "mItr pIare m1 hal hajuris among the Sikhs.

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He should take bath after reaching the sacred place Kaaba, and kiss S;:lg ;:Jsv;:Jd. He should perform seven rounds of Kaaba, three fast and four at slow speed. He must kiss the black stone during each circumambulation, then he should go to the place ofIbrahim and offer prayer. From this place, he should move to the Hill s;:Jfa m;:Jruh (H/ ~) and pray, with face turned towards Kaaba. Then he should pray at the hill of Marva. Thereafter, he should listen to the xutba (~) in Kaaba. Thereafter, he should stay for a night in mma (~) and move to the hill ;:Jf;:Jfat (..:-~/) to pray there and listen to xutba. From here, he should go to muzd;:JIIfa (,Jut) and perform evening n;:Jmaz there. The entire process should be completed by the ninth day of the month and on the tenth day, which is the day of mh;:Jf sacrifice, he should again perform H;:Jmaz at muz;:Jd;:JIIfa. On reaching the pillar of the Devil, he must throw seven stones, thereafter on reaching mIna he should offer sacrifice ofa male goat, fat-tailed ram, cow or camel. Laying them down with faces towards Kaaba, he should stand by the right side ofthe animal and while uttering ;:Jllahu ;:Jkb;:Jf move the knife on the neck. After this, the Haji should remove eh;:Jfam and put on clothes of his own liking. He should get tonsured, have his nails cut and stay there for three days. Before leaving Mecca, he must make a round of Kaaba and throw seven stones at the Devil's pillar and then he should drink water from the z;:Jmz;:Jm ((;-;) well. Many Muslims go to Madina as pilgrims to Mohammad's grave after their journey to Mecca. They do not consider Hajj to be complete without this but people belonging to v;:Jhabi sect hold that honouring the grave is

against religion, so they do not go to Madina. The person who performs Hajj according to the method mentioned above is called Haji "kIa h;:Jj kabE jae."-prdbha kdbir. See >-fqT. [h;:Jjjaml A (~ barber, a person who draws blood with a cone, See ZJRT}{3". 2 a barber who tonsures. UG [h;:Jtl imperative form of h;:Jtna; turn, come back. 2 Skt"C, shine, glitter. 3 Skt ~ n shop, store. 4 market "d;:JscarI h;:Jtu tudhu sajIa." -var sri m 4. Here it means 'the fourteen worlds.' 5 short for h;:Jf;:Jt, See ~. tIGGf [h;:J~;:Jkl n obstruction, prohibition. ~ [h;:Jtk;:Jl).ul ~ [h;:Jt;:Jknal v check, prevent. "jIh d;:Jf aV;:Jt jatI;:Jhu h;:J~kE nahi koI."-s kdbir. ~ [h;:Jtkafl n prohibition, obstruction. 2 pushing back or aside, warning. tJGC!T [h;:J~l).al, ~ [h;:Jt;:Jl).ul v stop. 2 come back, return. 3 deny, withdraw one's word. 4 go away. "kIU edu bol;:Jhu h;:J~iE."-var ram 3. UCO'Q [h;:J~tafl, ~ [h;:JttarIl, ~ [h;:Jttall Skt ~ strike, n locking the shop, closing the shop. "j;:Jm;:JhI kio h;:JttarI."-sor m 5. 'Yam closed his office.' 2 sitting idle after leaving the work in protest; strike. ~ [h;:J~nala], ~ [h;:Jtnalil Skt 6i!S101Iffti.fl1 a row of shops; a line of shops; market. "dUI dive c;:Judah h;:Jtnale."-var suhi m 1. 'The sun and the moon are two lamps and the fourteen worlds are the market. "gh;:Jf m;:ld;:Jf h;:J~nale sohe jIs VICI nam nIvasi."-suhi chJt m 5. i.e. innerself and the senses. ~ [h;:Jt;:Jmall Skt RJUl'c }-ffW n in the well, the gear string with which metallic pots are kept tied to draw water. "k;:Jf h;:JrI h;:J~mal tf<;l p;:Jfov;:Jhu."-bdSJt m 1. ~ [h;:J~val).i], <Jc~le98 [h;:Jtval).iol, ~ [h;:Jtval).ia] Skt~ adjshopkeeper. "ha~aDi dh;:Jn mal hatkit."-bdsJt m 5. "bIkhu S;:lCE

mw.r

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hatvaDia."-geJU m 4. ~ [hatri] n shop, store. "tanu hatri rhu man vaDjara."-sIdhgosatI. 2 toy made of clay resembling a shop, on which the Hindus light lamps on the Diwali day. 3 i.e. body, physique "hatrr choc;lr calra vaDjara."-prov. 'The soul departed after leaving the body.' 'ijfu U1G [hatI hat] at every shop. "gur bacanI brkano hatI hat."-mali m 4. 'in each community of devout Sikhs.' m:ft [hati] See ~. 2 See m. tI? [hatu] See oc 3. ~ [hatua], ~ [hatova], ~ [hatJa] adj (a person) who runs a shop; shopkeeper. See lJ3'~~. "JG [hatt], m [hatti] See oc 3. ~ wfu'a" [hatti sahIb] See ~Q. m5' [hath] Skt ~ vr jump, kill, prove fake, oppress, repress, hold tight. 2 n insistence, stubbornness. "hath karr man: na lekhE pavE." -gav a m 1. 3 S persistence, body, physique. "hath majhahu maprri."-sri chat m 5. m5' ~ [hath karam], <:JO t:RJH [hath dharam] See tJ'5" 'tX"mf r3" <:JO mn-IT. m5' trelft [hath dharmi] n stubbornness, insistence. 2 adjstubborn, obstinate, tenacious, dogged. m5'~ [hath nrgrah], tJOfuo.rfu [hath nrgrahr] n act ofcontrolling senses with strong will. "hath nIgrahI atI rahat."-kan m 5. tJO ~ [hath yog] n a type of yog involving austerities. See J'RCiaT. 2 It is written in hath yog pradiprka that (J is the sun, 0 is the moon, and the combination of these two is hath yog. i.e. combining Ira and pigla with sukhmana. ~ [hathli] adj stubborn, headstrong. "muhkam phJj hathli re."-asa m 5. ~ [hathvar], ~ [hathvara] adjobstinate, stubborn. (JOT [hatha] adj obstinate. "cale bir dhir~

hathe." -gyan.
'ijfo [hathI] by insisting, from insistence. "hathr
TId

pCltijE na bahu bhekhE."-dhana a mI.

ufotr [hathIo] See -uo;r. 'Ui5l [hathi], <:J"C5'tnrr [hClthia] adj stubborn,
obstinate. There are two types of obstinate persons. One type is ofthe superstitious, who, due to ignorance do not give up wrong beliefs even after knowing the reality. They are stubborn, deserving to be condemned. "jar ko VIcar kaha gaDrka ko laj kaha gad-ha ko man kClha adhre ko arsi, nrgun ko gun kClha dan kClha darrdi ko seva kClha sum ki rr~c;l chah c;larsi, mCldyClp ki $ucr kClha sac kClha l~pti ko nic ko bacCln kClha syar ki pukar si, "toc;lClr" su kaVI ese hClthi ko nCl bhavE sikh bhave kClho sudhi bat bhave kaho parsi." The other type are a superior type. Such persons, who due to greed or fear, do not forsake true thought and do not show spiritual weakness. The Sikhs recollect such a person's name in their daily prayer. This is the example of pious insistence. "sis dia pClr srrClr nCl dina, r~c saman deh kClr cina."-VN. ~ fi:fur [hClthi sigh] son of Ajit Singh who was brought up by Mata Sundri. His headquarters were in the Sindhi area of Burhanpur, district Nimar where he used to recite hymns by re:moving the appellation of Nanak and adding !his own name. Mata Sundri disengaged herself from him due to this lapse. He went to central India (C.P.) after leaving Punjab and died there. His c;lera is situated is Burhanpur. ~ ~ [hathi dEt] Ravan, the obstinate demon, who refused to return Sita even after the advice of all relatives and friends. "tumi ram hVEkE hClthi dEt ghayo."-carItr I. ~T [hathila] adj obstinate.

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Sugreev and a great devotee of Ram. It is written in section 4 and chapter 66 ofValmik's Ramayan that the nymph Punjiksthala, wife of Kesari also known as Anjana, was See~. extremely beautiful. On seeing her, the god of U15' CRJ}f [hathe bram] deeds performed wind was overcome by erotic desire. He obstinately for their own sake, without strong cohabited with her, who then gave birth to a will and concentration. "hathe karam karr udar brave son. On the day of birth, taking it as bharE." -ram kabir. 2 deeds such as theft and fruit, he jumped to swallow the sun. In order murder causing pain and harm to others etc. to protect the sun, Indar threw him on the See <:ro vr. ground by hitting with the thunderbolt. The jaw ~ [hathyo] performed with persistence. of the young boy became crooked as a result this. This is how Hanuman got his name. 2 jumped, skipped. See <:ro"QT. "hathyo mahri c~dy~ g~g ram~."-VN. In many books, Hanuman has been mr [haQ], ~ [haQQ] Skt Qg n bone. "jiu pf<;l described as a monkey. So, many people c~mu tera ha<;le."-var gau 1 m 4.2 See~. believe that he was a forest dweller who ~ ~ [haQQ bh~n.Q.i] See ~ ~. became a scholar by acquiring knowledge from mr [haQh] See u;r. the sages residing in the jungles. In Valmik ~(!T [ha<;lhau.Q.a] v wear out. "sajr kara part 4, chapter 3, it is written that after hearing patu hac;lhae. "-maru m 1. "pat pat~bar pahrrr Hanuman's speech, Ram said that none could haQhavau."-gau a m 1. 2 Ml adopt, keep. speak this kind of pure Sanskrit without having "gusa manr na haQha 1."-s kabir. 3 turn, read sublime texts. "ha.Q.vataru aradhra." rotate. "b~nr bakri sihu haQhara."-sor m 4. -s;:wa m 1. "ha.Q.v~tu jagr dharr I~kur."-bas't ~ [haQhara], ~ [haQhaya] a kabir. See -crQWO"i'i'"COf. town in Patiala state about three kohs to the uo [hat] Skt adjkilled. 2 destroyed. 3 tied. See west of Barnala where the ninth Guru stayed, OOvr. and cured a patient suffering from fever by U3'Cif [hatakJ Skt adj like the dead, like a corpse. bathing him in the pond, now known as Guru 2 A ....6. n tearing a curtain. 3 i.e. insult, Sar. Maharaja Karam Singh ofPatiala got built disgrace. a beautiful gurdwara there. The state has ~ [hat-tragi] killed, destroyed. "hatdonated 250 ghumaons of land. This place is tragi haumE."-maru solhe m 5. one mile to the south-west ofHadhiaya railway tJ3('j" [hatan] Skt (J(')7i" n killing, act of killing, murder. station. u;rlt [haQhayo] got carried away by a current, ufd" [hatr] Skt n murder, killing, act of killing. was washed away. 2 overflowed, jumped uf3>w [hatra] Sktuo.nr n murder, assassination, "mana nrdhr nir hac;lhyo."-krIsan. killing. "as~kh gal vaQhr hatra kamah1." tr.!" [ha.Q.] See 00. -japu. See uo.nr. ~ [ha.Q.v~taru], ~ [ha.Q.v~tu] Skt~~ ~ [hatrara] Skt d3JlIO(ilj adj killer, murderer, assassin. "sat ka nidak m;:Jha and ~11R, adj person with an extended jaw. 2 n a brave warrior who was minister of hatrara." -sukhmani.
tJQ [hathu] See <:ro. "hathu nrgrahu karr." -ram am 1. 2 See <:ro 3. ~ [hathe] adj stubborn. "hathe kast vari." -kalki. 'the obstinate residents of Kashtwar.'

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[hatu] See U3". 2 Skt [i,~ n hunter 3 sharpedged weapon. u3" [hate] killed. See U3". "sat ke hate bu rakh na kOI."-o5ukllmcmi. ~ [hatta] A 2.- adv to such an extent. ~ [hatya], m [hatya] See ~. "ghar dukhya anI k hatya." -o5ahao5 m 5. 'ijlf [hClth] Skt tllJ, n hand. "hClth deI apI rakhu. "-ram var 2 m 5. 2 Skt attack, assault, blow. ~~ [hClth bQQhDa] v donate, extend hand to give. "hCln elatE dataru hath kaQllIa mihu vutha sEsare."-var kan m 4. ~ [hathkari] n handcuff, manaclle. ~ l:fW ~ [hath khala karna], {JCf ~ CXQ?jT [hClth khClra kClrna], ~ tf~ [hath ckbDa] v strike, assault. 2 raise one's hand to show consent. This is a figure of speech named suki?am, which is to give consent through indication without uttering a word. ~ traor [hath cClrna], ~ ~ [hClth carhna] v get hold of something. "hath carIO han thoka."-gaum 5.2 dance to someone'stunes. ~ [hClthchut], ~ [hathchor] n free assault with the hand; unobstructed attack. "tIn par hVE sabh ki hathchor."-GPs. ~ ~ [hath taQQDa] v extend hand, put forth hand for begging. See ~. ~W [hClth deDa] v offer hand for help; help; cooperate. ~ [hathnalJ n a gun that is fired by raising a hiil1d without any other support. "jClbClrjag hathnal. "-o5anama. ~ [hathni] See ~. ~ il~ [hath pEDal v get something in hand. 2 get support as does a drowning man. "at kalI tIthE dhuhE jIth hath na paI."-o5ava m3. 'ijlf ~ [hath phalgha] See GC?UfT. "ij'S" ~ [hClth pharna] v hold hand.

[hClth phul] n a type of firework that resembles a pomegranate. Sparkles emerges from it and the fire worker holds it in his hane!. 'ijlf'S'1f [hath bakkh] adj catching the side with both arms; tight embrace. "mIle hClth bakkha maha tej tatte."-VN. "ij'S"~ [hClth IClgDa] v achieve, receive a thing. 2 be someone's pawn. 3 gun powder to be ignited with hand. tJ'Effi~ [hathleva] See <:HJ ~. <:J"ERlit [hathvai] n a pouch with thick hair, put on as glove for massaging the horse. "malai? karahI pahIr hathvai."-GPS. ~ [hathvasa], ~t [hathvas0] n handle. 2 hilt, grip. 3 strap to hold a shield. ~ [hClthvan] scarecrow put up by farmers in the fields to ward off animals. "luDe khetI hathvan karE. "-ao5a kabir. <:JaTRT [hathasa] n support of the hand. "han rakhda de apI hathasa."-gaum 4. 2 handle, gnp. UEI"<:J'T [hathaha] in the hand. "vaSI ape jugatI hathaha."-o5or m 4. <:JElT ~1:f [hCltha vakkh], <:JEIT ~tr [hatha vCltth] See {JCf 'a'cr. "dhaka dhakk bira hatha vCltth hoe."-GPs. 'grappled with each other.' ufu [hathI] in the hand. "raja nIau kare hath I hOI."-asa m 1. "jIsu aIa hathI nIdhanu." -var ram 2 m 5. ~ [hathIauDa] v swing (used for an) elephant. ~ [hathIar] Skt ~, adj killer. 2 n deadly weapon. 3 instrument, tool. ~ ~~ [hathIar dhoDa], ~ l..fl:fTQ7iT [hathIar pakharna] v putan end to warfare; be content after removing enemy's blood from the weapons. i.e. killing the enemy. "jit sabhE jag satahu sfdh hathIar pakhare."
"ij'S"

-VN.
~ [hathmi] See Dfi;joT. 2 troop of elephants.

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rules ofArabic phonology its pronunciation as UEit [hdthi] n arm, that bears the hand. "hathi hadrat is also correct. dIti prdbhu devanhan:."-majh m 5. 2 leather ~ [hadrathI] from Hazrat. "tE ta hadrathI paIo man."-sdveye m 2 ke. 'Thou (Guru bag for keeping water. "hathi kaQQh na dItto paI).i."-BG. 3 pouch made of hair or cloth Nanak) hast bestowed honour.' which is put on the hand like glove for ~ [hadayat] A -=<'1 advising; directing. massaging. 4 handcuff, manacles. "hathi 2 advice, guidance. paudi kahe roVE?"-maru m 1. 'When the gods 'U't!l [hadi] A JJ~ adj guide, mentor. 2 i.e. teacher, mentor. "uc hadi VEI).U vIrkIonu." of death manacle you then why do you cry?' 5 S and Po help, support. 6 handle; e.g. "cakki -var ram 3. 'The exalted mentor (Guru di hathi". Nanak) gave a sermon.' ~ [hathiaru] See ~. 2 hammer, ~ '8"t!" [hadia bad] a town of tehsil sledgehammer. "ahIraI).I matI vedu hathiaru." Phagwara of Kapurthala state. There is a gurdwara of Guru Hargobind almost one -jdPU. furlong to the eastern side. The Guru visited till [hathu] See mf. this place while going to Kiratpur. Some people ~ [hatheli] Skt 'illf-'3'c;) n palm of a hand. ~ [hathohathI], ~ [hathohathi] adv believe that Guru Har Rai also paid a visit to from one hand to another. "hatho hathI nacaiE this place. vaI).jana mItra."-sri m 1 pdhrre. 2 n act of The gurdwara is very simple in construction. Residential quarters are also near getting reward with the hand with which work is done. 3 fight with hands; hand-to-hand fight, by. Seven ghumaons of land has been donated scuffle, fisticuffs. by the state; the priest is an Udasi Sikh. It is ~ [hath;:>ra], ~ [hath;:>ra] n hammer made situated one mile away from the Phagwara railway station in to the western side. On of iron with a handle for shaping the metal. Baisakhi day, a festival is held here. 'iJ'ET [hatth] See 'illf. "karE bhav hattha." -VN. 2 short for <:JTEiT. "harr;'lt hatth. "-kdlki. 3 trunk 'U'clH [hadis] A ~-117 n saying; anecdote. 2 a saying relating to prophet Mohammad. A of an elephant "hathi hatth pramatth." book in which Mohammad's teaching or -GPs. 'iJ'ET i"a- '8'e'O W [hatth utte bacan deI).a] v conduct is described. "napak pak kan hadurI hadisa."-maru solhe m 5. 'purifying the vow by putting a hand on some one's hand or by drawing a line on his hand. "bacan dehu impure mind.' 'tI'tft'R' ~ [hadis kaQQhI).i] v rub one's nose, more j;:> hatha."-CdrItr 301. 'iJ'ET '81:r [hatth bakkh], ()1:r '81:r [hatth batth] See i.e., pledge not to repeat an error. "take agE khare kaQhahI hadis. "-rdtdnmala b5no. mf ~cr. hand-to-hand fight, duel, fisticuffs, scuffle. ~ [hadur] A J? it is also pronounced as hadur in Arabic. "saCE sabadI hadur."-var ~ [hatthra] n edge of an arm without a hand; bIla m 3. amputated arm. "jyo kar tGQe hatthra."-BG. ~ [hadun] adv in the presence of; face to Ut!' [had] See <:l'e". face. "C;'lgIaia bunaia vaCE dharamu hadur." ueG [hadaph] A ..J~' n target, goal. tre'a'3' [hadrat], ~ [hadrath] See m:RJ3'. Per -jdPU. 2 in front of the people, in the open
-Sdnama.

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ground. "mahIla ;'idarI hodia, hUI:lI bahal)I na mIlanI hadurI."-asa a ill 1. ~ [hadd] A ~ n bank, boundary, duration. 2 quickness, fierceness. tJO [han] plural of hE. In Gurbani its form "ti'fois used. See"ti'fo. 2 SktfPf, vr kill, go, deny, check, collect. ~ [hancha] See 1?f3" <:l'6r". "mIII s;'igatI kar prabhu hanche."-basJt ill 4. tTi'i7i" [hanan] Skt n killing, murder. See tJO vr. dMold [hanan-nat] Skt fPf~, for killing, for murdering. "hanan-nat IE tahI sIdhare." -carItr 368. 2 See ~. ~ [hamphi] See 'ffo1. 'Ui'iH'd' [hanm;'it], <J<'il-f"3Q [hanm;'itar], ~d' [hanv;'it] See~. mfur [hcmif] A ~ adj firm in faith. U"Q [hanu] Skt n chin. 2 lower jaw. 3 short for UQWO. 4 one whose chin is long. 5 adj one with a longjaw. do 0'<::0( [h;munatak] See tlQWO O'GCf. 'iJ'Q1-I1O [h;muman] See~. 2 adj one with a longjaw. U"Qwo ~ [hanuman natak] Skt ~'j,J1~;:1I2:'fi a poetic writing in Sanskrit which enacts the history of Ram Chandar. It is worthy of being played in an open theatre. This poetic drama is Hanuman's work. Many poets have written that Hanuman threw his work into the ocean on the insistence of Valmiki, so that the importance of Valmiki's Ramayan did not diminish. During the reign of raja Bhoj, while searching for pearls, a navigator found a stoneinscription. The king got this stone inscription pulled out and where the context was wanting, references were provided by Damodar Misr and the book was completed. Hindi translation was done by a renowned poet Hridyram of Bhalla dynasty during the time of emperor Jahangir i.e:

"s;'imat bIkram nnpatI sahas khat $at asih l var, cEtr didni duj chatr jah;'igir subhat par, $ubh lacchan dacchan sude$ kaVI ram vIcacchan, kn~ndas tanu kul prakas ya~ dipak racchan, raghupatI crItr tIn yathamatI pragat karyo $ubh lagan gal), de bhaktI dan nIrbhay karo, jay raghupatI raghuv;'i$ mal)I." In this book are included some kabbIts composed by the poet Kashi Ram. 2 UQH'd' [hanum;'it] See 'dQ [hanu] See tlQ. These words hanu and hanu are of Sanskrit. 2 a Raj put warrior, "hath lage an hasi hanu ke. "-carTtr 2. 'dQt!' [hanud] See ~. 'dQWO [hanuman] See~. "hanuman sarI garur samana."-dhana kabir. See Hfu. ~ [hanoz] P ;y. adv just now, now. 2 till today, till now. -mm [haphas] This word is used for c::rm:r. "haphas valayat ke tan kare."-GPs. ~ [haphl)a] v breathe heavily; be out of breath due to strenuous exertion. U"G3' [haphat] ~ seven. mrd' ~l'fuf [hafat aklim], mrd' ~ [hafat Iklim], mrd' ~ [hafat kI~var] P ~ n~J ~ seven Iklim or kI~var parts; hafat Iklim means the whole world. Greek scholars have divided the earth into seven segments by drawing seven lines to the north of the equator, these parts being equal in size. It is to be noted that these scholars did not take account ofAmerica and Australia at that time, as these continents came to be known later. U"G3' l::fO [haphat khan], mrd' Jf'O [hafat xvan] P

um.

tt

1}680 Bikrami. 2Many poets hold that Bahadur Shah presented the manuscript written by Hridyram to Guru Gobind Singh and as transcribed by poet Kashiram the Guru got Parshuram's dialogues incorporated.

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658 U1} .,::)1 Asfandyar and Rustam crossed seven stages after each victory. Upon crossing each stage, they thanked God and fed the people by spreading dClstClrxvan (table cloth); to which this word owes its origin. m:o 'tJ1'P" [hClphClt juba] P dP.,::)1 In Islamic books a person knowing seven languages of Arabia is called by this name. Just as the Punjabi dialects of Doaba, Majha and Malwa, are somewhat different, in the same way due to regional differences there are seven types inArabic. These seven types are: J:!j [kun:$]' L.. [tE], d)ly. [hvaZIn], ~ [YClmCln], d [sClkif], [hClzel], ( [tClmim). WST [hClfta] P .=it Skt week. ~ [hClftad] P J~ seventy. ~ [hClb] A ~ n seed, grain. 2 tablet, pill. um:r [hClbClS] A vf n control. 2 imprisonment, confinement. 3 A j:' Abyssinia in Africa. "hClbClS vCllayat gCle dClyala."-NP ~ [hClbClsdClm] See tl-f 9. [hClb$i] adj a resident of Habash. "hClbsi hCllbi dhClyavi:." -akal. uar [hClba] A ,,~ n dust, dirt, pollen. 2 See ~. ~ [hClbab] A ":"'"V n bubble of water. 2 dew. 3 stand for placing a water pitcher; woodenstand for a water pitcher. mmr [hClbib] A ~ adjdear, beloved. 2 friend, companion. See ~~. U[a" [hClbub] A ,,:","Y." plural ofhClb; seeds. 2 tax levied on the farmer at the time of harvest by a king or owner ofthe land for various rights. "hClbub lClgavi:, kar brgar Clnek bhat ki."
~ [hClbhahu] of all, from all. "bed kClteb

J.:-f

c:ram

-PP
[hClbh] S adj all, everyone. "soh5dfo hClbh tha 1."-sri chJt m 5. ~ [habhkIhu], ~ [habhkIchu], ~ [hClbhkIjhu] everything, all objects. ~ [habhkoJ, ~fi; [hdbhkor] everyone, everybody.
~

sasar hClbha hu bahra."-asa In 5. 'Ufg [hClbhr] advall, all of, every. See '\:N. "hClbhr rag maI,ldhr jrsu sag1."-var je~. ~ [hClbhia] of all, of everyone. "V3SClhr hClbhia nal1."--vaQ In 1. ~ [hClbhu] all. See '\:N. "dukh dClrCld rag mar mEq.a hdbhu nClse."-asa In 5. 'U' [hdbhe] adv all, entire. "hClbhe tol suhavI,le SClhu bEtha a~ClI,l mCllu."-var maru 2 In 5. ~ [hdbho] all. "h3bho krchu suh5da."-jetch3t In 5. tJ}f [hClm]pron we. "hClm mde tum ujCll kClrte." -sar In 5. 2 n egoism, vanity. "hClm kalClkh dhovE."-saveye In 2 ke. 3 pron I. "ClVClrI pac hdm ek jdna."-gauIn 1.4 P '"'" adjall, entire. "hClm jer jrmi dunia pira mClsarka rara."-var majll In 1. 'All the pirs, mullahs and kings of the world got buried under the earth.' 5 P sui also, with, like, etc. e.g. "hdmsdr, hdm ddrdd, hdm mdktClb, hCln1$ira, hClmnam, hClmrah, etc. ~ [hClmsClhri], ~ [hClmsClhrri] P adj living in the same city, a fellow citizen. "jo hClmSClhri so mitu hClmara."-gau rcwidas. 'He who lives in our town (Begampur) is our mate.' 'iJ'H'J'Rf [hdmsClr] P /'" adj comparable, coequal. "hClmrag hamsClr lClfClt bhe."-salah. 'tI'HRfa" [hdmSdrI] like us or resembling us. "hClm SClrI dinu, d r alu nCl tum SdrI."-dhana ravIdas. tJ)-/'ffift [hClmsari] P J/", n equality, parity. ~ [hClmsara], w-fFlTlJlT [hClmsaya] P =-(,.A adj living under the same shade (i.e. under the same roof). 2 i.e. neighbour. ~ [hClmsos] See ~. tJHU [hClmClh], <:JHf'<J [hClmahr] P.-'i adj all, everyone. "prdtrpalE nanak hClmdhr." -bavan. 'nourishes all of us.' 2 us. CJHOilo [hamkin] P ~r fellow-traveller.

tf.Jr

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money), purse. [hamra] pron our. "hdmra manu bErag su guru hdmkini."-g;w m 3. bukatu bhdIO. "-asa m 4. 2 fJ""'; to all or of all. ~ [hdmdkk] A ....6: adj bewildered. "dhdmdkke "hdmra bInau sundU prdbhu thakur."-gau m hdmdkke." -kalki. 4. '0 Lord! You hear the supplication of all.' ~ [hdmpna] P ulfr adv all, whole. tJHfa"o 3" [h3mrIn tel sen from amongst us or 2 everyone. ours. "dOI s3tru h3mrIn te ek saghariE." m-raft [hdmgi] P adv all, total, entire. -carrtr 153. ~ [hdmcIni] P adv like this, such as .. Ulffi" [hamal] A \Y n carrying of burden or load. "hdmCIni patsah sayle bdrna."-trlag namdev. 2 gestation, pregnancy. 3 The word has also been used for hdmldh (ie. invasion) in GV 1O. ~ [hdmdcu] P /.j adj like, just as. ~ [hdmldh], UJ-fW [hdmla] A y n attack, ~ [hdmdcuna] P utf adjlike that, resembling that. invasion, swoop. UW [hdma] See <J1-fU. "deI t hdma kdU sdgdl m-ffi [hdmce] our. 2 like us, just as we are. See sIdhat."-bher a m 5. 'The carefree Creator ~. is a perfect principle for all.' 2 to us, for us. tJ1-ItfSi" [hdmj3ba] P (;.I~7' adj talkingalike; engaged in mutual talk. 2 speaking the same m-ri" [hdma] P via the same, that. 2 See <J1-fU. ~ [hdmaIt] See (J)-fT(if3". language. UHW [hdmja] A D.J' Mohammad's uncle who tJH1'fu3t '("i'l'HT [hdmaIti nala] See ~ (')'TW. embraced Islam, displayed great valour and Ul-f1O(3" [h3mabt] A .,::)Il? n folly, stupidity. was awarded the title of lion by Mohammad. U}{l;3T [h3maca] n bag, pouch or cloth bag. "t3b h3maca bh;')g ka kholIa."-JSBB. This word 2 lion. 3 A Sikh of the Jajja subcaste who, acting upon the teachings of Guru Arjan Dev, derives from the Persian h3mya. attained spiritual self-realization. '''hdmja jdjja "ij)-f'I'QW [hamatuma] we and you; everybody. "dibanu eko k313m eka h3ma tuma melu."-var jal)iE. "-BG. 4 in grammar, the letter dldf which carries zer, zdb3r or pe:;; vowel markers. asa. CJH~ [hdm tum] we and you, i.e, all the people" m-rw [hdmana] P tla without doubt, certainly. "un kE S;')gI hdm tum S;')gI mel." -asa m 5. 21- mplf [h3mam] A (l? n closet for hot water bath; bagnio. "hdjrdt kin S3nan h3mam." ness and thou-ness. "kahu nanak ham tum gun -GPS, khoi hE."-ram m 5. mre [hdmdd] A ..i' n praise, appreciation, c:J}-fTlj!3' [h3may3t] A o.::.:;1.7 n partiality, support. 2 patronage. acclaim. mreH [hdmddm] P (..NZ n alter ego, bosom ~ [h3mayti] Pill.? adjpartisan, supporter, helper. friend, true friend. tJHi'i [hdmdn] See (WO. 2 Pu I, mine. "haman ki ~ 'i')'TW [hdmayti nala] near Anandpur a small branch of river Satluj, which proved pukare suno rajdhani."-saloh. 3 we. UHi'iF.ito [hamna:;;in] P ~(' adjsitting by one's helpful to the Khalsa Dal during the time of war. side. "sahIbe to hdmnd:;;ino hdmzuba."-ji'dgi. 2 n courtier, favourite. m-RfT [hdmara] adj our. 2 P fJ""'; of our, for every one. "hdmara ek as vdse."-varmajh mI. 'All m-n;ri" [hdmya] P uk'" n pouch (for keeping
tJ"1-reT

Ul-IOl1o't [hdmkini] faithfu I friend, constant companion. See dHOito. "jIS guru te hdrI paIa

Jz

uf'

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660

have just one hope.'

uHf [haml] just we, we alone. 2 we all. 3 P

v::' this very, the same.

uHte' [hamid] A .A:! adj praised, commended,
lauded.
~ [hamida] adj (of a woman) praised,

lauded. 2 See ImRf adjvictorious, victor. "hath hamir."-kalki. 'tenacious and victorious.' 2 n a Rajput king of Ranthambore who ascended the throne in 1357 AD. Mir Mohammad, an officer ofAlauddin Khilji, revolted and fled to Hamir. Alauddin demanded from Hamir the custody ofMir Mohammad. Hamir replied that even if the sun changed its course, Hamir would not betray one who sought refuge. Consequently, Alauddin lauched an attack and Hamir died fighting valiantly, "tlnya tel hamir hath caqhat na duji var."-prov. 3 a raja of Mewar. He was also a contemporary of Alauddin Khilji. He kept on invading the province of Maldev Jhalor. Seeing that Hamir could not be overpowered by any other means, Maldev offered his daughter's hand to Hamir who accepted the offer. After the marriage, the bride disclosed the fact of her having been already married but had become a widow by then. Hamir went to Maldev's territory, during the latter's absence, won over the army and occupied the entire province. m-ita"fi:fur [hamir sigh] The first raja ofNabha who was younger son of Surtie and great grandson ofBaba Tiloka Singh. After the death of his grandfather, Gurditta, Hamir Singh became master of the area comprising Dhanaula, Pakkho and Kapurgarh, etc. He was very brave and shrewd. He founded the city of Nabha in 1755 AD and made it his capital. By dint of his valour, he annexed many territories into his state. At the time of the

m-ita" [hamir] A

.c

murder ofZain Khan, the governor of Sirhind, in 1763 AD, he was with his Khalsa brethren and, in this victory, Amloh area fell to his lot. Hamir Singh died in 1783 AD at Nabha. His memorial is located there at a short distance towards east of the fort. Ulj' [hamu] P '"'" all, entire. "khel khana brradar hamu j;'ljala."-maru solhe m 5. 2 P ~I(' the same, the very same. 'ij'!f [hamel P '7- a suppletive Persian suffix which is used as a filler like N. See N. mf'f.l' rhame:;;], mfF.RJ" [hame:;;ah] P ..>.:. part always, ever (perpetually). 00 [hamer], ~ [hamel] A Jl7 shoulderbelt. 2 a gold or silver necklace. It is an ornament for men, women and horses, etc. 3 The Muslims also wear Koran as rosary. uH [hamEl to us, for us. 2 See ill-I'U. uH~~ [hamEnek] sen we, many. "hammek mari."-GV 10. 'We fired many shots.' 'ijtif [hay] Skt 1?If. vr go, move, produce sound. 2 n horse. UliI'R"'a" [haysar], c:JtiIFI'T"1? [haysal] Skt ~ n stable. "chor layo haysarahI te hay."-ramav. 'untethered the horse from the stable.' ~ [haykratu], ~g [haykntu] horse. sacrifice. ~ [haygriv] Per Visnu Puran, army chief ofBhomasur was a companion ofdemon Mur. He was killed by Krishan. 2 In Devi Bhagvat, he was an incarnation of Vishnu. The story goes that once Vishnu's neck got severed with the string of his own bow. At the bidding of the goddess, the gods fixed a horse's head on Vishnu's trunk and thus was born the incarnation of Haygriv. Haygriv saved Veds by killing Madhu and Kaitabh. UtiI<!t [hayJ)i] cavalry.-sanama. U1il'"it fuR"it fuR"it fuR"it fuR"it ~ [hayJ)i ISJ)i ISJ)i ISJ)I ISJ)I arJ)i]-sanama. Master

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661

of UCCE:;;rava horse, Indar; his master, Kashyap; the earth which came under Kashyap's sway; its master, a king; and his army's enemy, the gun. ~ [haytraI;] n armour meant to protect a horse's body. m;mfu [haynanl, clGl(')i3a [hay;matak] enemy of horses, killer of horses; lion.--scmama. UlilOT [hayni] cavalry.-sanama_ ~ [hayal] A J:?' power. "hayal kayam ruh." -mdgo. 'ij'{iJT [hdyal, ~ [hayau] A p n rain. 2 modesty, bashfulness. 3 woman's sexual organ, vagina 4 Skt (JW. mare. iJliI'T3' [hdyat] A .:-p n lifetime. iJliI'T3' W' [hayat xa] commander of a hundred and twenty-five cavalrymen whom Buddhu Shah got employed with Guru Gobind Singh at Paonta. He became disloyal andjoined hill chieftains. In the battIe of Bhangani, Baba Kirpal Das killed him with a club. See fcg1rnt'Ff.

this har. See~.

~ [haraul] See ~.

mmrfu [har-an] n Kam, who is the enemy of

Shiv. "gIri murchana hVE dharanI har-an sar gayo rna r."--cCJrI tr 9. mr ~ [har Ik] adj everyone, each, every. ~ [harae] dative; to God, the Creator. "harae namaste."--g5c;i namdev. tml1 [haras] Skt ill'i' n joy. 2 comfort. See fq1:r VI' 3 a raja of Thanesar who was son of Prabhakar Vardhan. His full name was Harsh Vardhan. At the age of sixteen, he ascended the throne in 606 AD and became emperor of India. Vann, the best poet of his court, authored a fascinating epic entitled Harishcharitr. I-Iarsh made Kannauj his capital. He died in 647 AD. cldHCi[dF<! [harsaktaI:\I] See <Jfu "H"a"3i'o. trd"H'i'i' [harsan] Skt UFf~ n act of getting thri lied. 2 adj giving joy; who enjoys. "dars;m parsan sarsan harsan."-asa m 5. 3 Skt (JTJ1(')" n diminution" abolition. "dokh sagal rna] harsan." -kanm 5. mJFITd" [harsat] is thrilled or delighted. See <:KJH". 2 .;:..YVfi' every moment, always. "boL~hI han harI raIn namu hClrsalte."-var SOT m 4. uafJ:fCJTT'ij' [harsfgar] See <JlO ft:f~. 2 snake, which is Shiv's garland. 'tJ"ij"tJ"G [harhClt] Skt f<JUfc n Persian wheel. "hClrhat bhi til til karahI bolahI bhali baDI." -Sdva m 3. UQclC }fT~ [hal'hat mal] n links over a Persian wheel, to which pots are attached. 'cl"a'tJ'T6' [harhar] Shiv's garland, white snake. Shiv wears a white snake around his neck. "harhar si halbaner." -dkal. "sukh gayo trash harhar."-cJc;ii 1. ~ [harak] See <:T/?"C{". ~ [harkat] A .::.J:.7 motion, movement, effort. ~ [harka] adj petty, shallow, hollow. "tum kanh bhae harka ho."--krISCll1.

i'JtitTaT [hdyati] adj living, alive. "sekh hayati

jagI na koi tlum rahIa."-asa fdrid. [hayatulla xan] See F.P<J cwr;:r W'. CJit [hayo] murdered, killed. "samarsm raja pun hayo."-carItr 52. mr [har] adj green. "jEse ban har pa t." -sar kdbir_ "ban har pat re."-dhdna m 5. 2 Skt Ii Shiv. "bmlasar. dhyavat jahI bhaje har."-GPs. 3 fire. 4 Yam, the god of death. 5 remove, cure. "meri harahu bIpatI."-gdu rdVIdas. 6 P fi part every, each, per. "hardInu han SImranu mere bhai."-gdu m 5. "bade khoju dII harroj."-tIl.'Jg kdbir. 7 This word has also been used in place ofha!. "hal' bahat Ik purakh nIhara. "-ddtt. 8 At various places in Gurbani har has been used for han which means God. 9 a Raj put clan largely inhabiting largely the Boondi region. The word haravli derives from
~w J:f'O

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662
~ [harkaIa] adj rabid. See ~. "jIU

kukar harkaI a."-sri m 5. ~ [harkat] plural of'(RJ"CB. ~ [harkI] P .Jfi pron whoever, whosoever. 'ij'ij' ott tI'Oi'IT [har kI dh<Jrni] Shiv's consort, Parvati. "han rup kIye har ki dharni hE." -cacJi 1. ~ [h<Jrbr] daughter of Sardar Hari Singh Jodhpuria who was consort of raja Jaswant Singh and mother of raja Devendra Singh. mn:r [harakh] See (JOFf. See ftrJ'r. vr 2 happiness, joy. "harakh anat sog nahi bia."-gau m 5. 3 anger, rage. Sanskrit word rH1'f has become ~ in Punjabi. mrl:fJl'ar [harakhsog] joy and sorrow. "h<Jrakh sog jakE l1<Jhi bEri mit saman."-s m 9. ~ [harkhal).] v be angry, be enraged. 2 be
glad.See~.

produces sound like a lion's roar, the gun. -Si3nama. um:ro [harjan] god's creatures, holymen. See

ufutro.
n loss, harm. 2 ~fi everywhere, "h<Jr ja asr Ese sunyo k<Jr<Jt ek te dor. brrahr ba<;l.hann ke badhe ek dor te hor."-carnr 98. 'Everywhere it is heard that the sword severes a thing into two parts but persons severed by a sharp sword of separation become one.' 'ij"ijC [h<Jr<Jt] See~. mr<!' [har<Jl).] See <it vr. n carrying from one place to another; transportation. 2 pilfer, steal. 3 Skt ~. deer. "harl).a baja tE srkdara."var mi31a m 1. mr<!' ~ [h<Jr<J1). hOl).a] xa v take to one's heels, run away like a deer. mJ<!lf [harl).akh Skt ~~ n a demon having brown (golden) eyes. "turn dusat tare h<Jrl).akhe."-nat m 4. See~. ~ [h<Jrl).<Jkhe] like flJd61'Gl. See~. ~ [harl).a] v steal, pilfer. See'iJ'd<!'. "partrry harl).a."-BG. 2 See ~. ~ [harl).akhas], ~ [harl).akhasu] See ~ B 'Y:fu'c?re'. "harl).akhasu Ie nakhahu brdhasa. "-g<Ju a m 1. See ful:rw. "h<Jrl).akhasu dusatu han marIa prahrlad tarara."-asa ch{'jt m 4. ~ [harl).,akhi] Skt iJfdc:'d] adj doe-eyed. "harl).akhi ku sacu VEl). sUl).ai."--var ram 2 ill 5. "sul).r mOdhe harl).akhie."-sava m 1. ~ [harl).i] Skt hind, doe. 2 xa louse. 3 See
uatfT [h<Jrja]

(;,fi

[harakhvan], ~ [h<Jr<Jkhvat] adj happy. "h<Jrakhvat anat darala."-maru solhe m5, 'ffiJ1:ft [h<Jrkhi] adj hot-tempered. See ftrJ'r. vr 2 joyful, glad. 3 sheer happiness. "sogu nahi sada harkhi hE reL"-kan m 5. mratC!" [hargal).a] a village in tehsil Samrala of district Ludhiana. Guru Gobind Singh visited this place. U'a<IJTU [h<Jrgahl P ~~ adv when, any time. 2 See tRr B 'CIJ"<J. mJfam' [hargrj] P ~ adv quite, absolutely. 2 never. 'ij'ij'fu [h<JracI] P ",?fi whatever, whatsoever. 'ij'ij' ~ [har cadauri] See iJrdAtf~. um:r [h<Jrajl P ~fi n loss, harm. 2 A i';.J scarcity, tJfuo1. ~ -er fi:rcrra' [harl).ia da ~rkarl xa killing want. 3 snare, noose. ~ [harjacch] Skt ~61. yellow-eyed; lion. oflice. "adr sabad h<Jrj<Jcch ucaro. ta pache an pad ~ [harl).ota] young deer, fawn. 'iJQ3' [harat] See <:J'fao. 2 short for <Jd'3T. "dukh dE <;l.aro."-sanama. 'lion's enemy, the gun.' harat brta sukhah suami."-dhana chat m 5. ~ nrfu [harjacch <In] See <:Rl'tf5'. 'U'i3"if&:fo 7l"fuo't [harjacchanr nadrni] which ffiJ3T [hdrta] Sktf3~ adjpilferer, thief. "atamghati

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663 harte."-illiOlla m 5. 'They commit suicide and

are thieves.' 2 one who takes away or siezes, 3 destroyer. "dukh harta hannam paehano." -bIla m 9. ~ [hartal] Skt Ntnc1 n a yellow-coloured semi-metal used in various medicines, which is also of use to painters and writers. It has a warm and dehydrating effect. Yellow orpiment.! Physicians use it in various medicines. mreH [hardam] adv with each breath, each moment. 2 always. ~ [hardas] See ~. 2 Name of Guru Ramdas's father. ~R'3i'i1iI' [hard a stan ay ], uotTFf~ [hardastane], <Jdt:!IH3(; [hardastam:] son of Hardas, Guru Ram Das. "hardastane guru ramdas sal' abhar bhare." ~savEye m 4 ke. See
<J ra'H3(')Gl.

mrfuo [hardIn] adv eachday, daily, always.

"hardIn harIsImranu mere bhai."-gau m 5. 2 Skt n Shiv's day; 14th of the dark fortnight ofPhagun. mrtft [hardi] Skt ~T n turmeric, L Curcuma Longa; a tuber resembling ginger having yellow colour. It is used for dyeing and for imparting yellow colour to various dishes. "kabir hardi piari."--5 kabil'. ~ [haradu] adv both. "haradu gajE."-gyan. ~ ID/tlT [hardegi eamea] a ladle for use in all cooking pots, i.e. one who moves in every religious group and society to achieve his own purpose. devi ko bhagat kabu mira ko upasak hE das sultan ko ~ bbulaibegi hE, man me hE ~r aru mukh maIn duji bat param pakh~Q.i nakh SIkh 10 pharebi hE, svarath ko manat hE mukkh parmarath tE
I

nfbu ko nICOr age karat rakebi hE, sfgh rup dhari anay mat ko pracari bhari p~th te nIkaro jo camac hardegi hE. ~ [hardo] See ~. DO -e- mJT [hal' do sara] P I;-'JJfi both the houses, i.e. this world and the next world. See ~<ft. ~ [hardokhi] Dg n Kam. 2 adj inimical to all; malevolent. ~ nH~ [hardo namoh] See ~. DO trd" [hal' dhar] See (J(? trd". 2 See ~. tRI?i [haran] See~. "haran bharan ja ka netr phor."-sukhmani. 'Giving and taking occurs with the twinkling of His eye.' 2 destroy, obliterate. "patakharan."-GPs. 3 deer. "locan haranvari dosan haranvari."-GPS. 'doe-eyed, obliterator ofall blemishes.' 4 gold. ~ [haranbsapl See F<Jd(')O(Hlf. tRI?i ~ [haran bharan] See (Jd7) 1. mJOT [harna] See <JO<!l'. mf()Tt:fFf [harnakhas], (Jd7)TCflJ [harnakhasul See ~ B 1.f~. "han harnakhas hare paran."~g5c;t namdev. "harnakhasu jInI nakhah bldano."-bhEl' namdev. ~ [harnakhI] Harnakhas did. "pralnlad jan harnakhI pakna."-mali m 4. '<J"d"OTiir [harnach], ~ [harnachas] See ~l::f

f3' l{ftrw'e-.
~

In Mahabharat and Harivansh it is mentioned that yellow orpiment originated from Vishnu's semen.

[harni] n doe. "harni sam akh su :;;rimatI ki."--GPs. 2 adj pilferer, bungler. "ratI ki prabhuta sagri harni."--GPS. 'pilferer of all the grace of Kam 's wife.' ~ [harpat] See DO 1 }2 l.fT3". ~ [harpalpur] a village in Rajpura tehsil ofPatiala state. At a short distance to its north, there is a place dedicated to Guru Teg Bahadur. Only sanctum in the form ofa platform exists. No custodian has been appointed. Towards the south of Kaul i railway station, there is a four-mile long unmetalled road leading to this place.

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666 Dharamraj). The c;'lQal sent him to the 2 blossoming tree. "gurmukhr br;:}h;:}mu crematory to fetch shrouds ofthe dead bodies. h;:}rravla."~sri a m 3. He spent twelve months there doing this menial ufu>,fmr [harI-~bCJr] deerskin. 2 elephant's job. One day his wife Veshya brought, for skin. 3 lion's skin. "jaM bfthe har harI-~b;:}r cremation, the dead body of his own son Rohjtl ko QarkE. "-caQi 1. who had died of snakebite. Both of them ~3" [harI~mrIt] n ambrosial name (of recognized each other and wanted to immolate the Divine). 2 tears of bliss. "h;:}rr ~mrrt bhfne themselves on the funeral pyre of their son. IOIl.).a."-asa c11at m 4. But Harishchandar did not want to do so ~ [h;:}rIe] See ~. without the permission of his master, c~Qal, "R'Cf3fn [han saktanr]-sanama. army and was firm in peforming his duty. Pleased having the strength of a lion. 2 army equipped at this, all the gods, accompanied by with bows and spears.-sanama. Dharamraj and Vishvamitar, appeared on the uFdH\3'i [harIsc~dr;:}] Skt 6R~iH;. 28 th raja of scene. Indar told Harishchandar that the the solar dynasty who was son ofTrishanku. latter's wife and son had conquered heaven He was famous for compassion and justice. with their virtuous deeds. Harishchandar It is written in Mahabharat that because of replied that without the permission of his having performed the Rajsuy sacrifice and his master, the caQal, he could not proceed to extreme charity, he went to Indarlok (Indar's heaven. At this Dharamraj appeared before paradise). In Markandey Puran it is mentioned him in the form of the c;'lQal. Then that one day when Harishchandar had gone Harishchandar said that he would not go to out for hunting, he heard the lamentations of heaven without the company of his subjects. Indar agreed to this wish of his as well, and Vidyakala who, in the guise of women, were when Vishvamitar performed the coronation wailing in fear of Vishvamitar. When Harishchandar proceeded to save the of his son Rohit, Harishchandar went to distressed women, Vishvamitar got enraged. heaven, along with his friends and subjects. In order to destroy the results of Harishchandar's At this the women disappeared and the raja meritorious deeds, Narad Muni, through was taken aback. Being a Brahman, Vishvamitar asked for some donation and the deception, made him indulge in selfpraise. For this Harishchandar was ousted from heaven. raja replied that he was ready to donate During the course of his fall from heaven, he whatever was asked for. Vishvamitar took all the wealth of the king and left him with only begged pardon for his lapse and was pardoned. So he halted on his way to the earth. one dress of tree bark and his son and wife. Now, Harishchandar and his subjects live Thus deprived, Harishchandar left his capital in an airy city called Harishchandarpur of and set out for Benares. But the pitiless sage which various names, such as sJbhnagar, was waiting there to torture him even more harrcadJri, gadharavn;:}gar, crtrrm, sikot, etc, and demanded from the raja a present to fulfil have been fancied. his vow of donation. Suppressing his feelings, Harishehandar sold his son, wife and even lIn Purans his name is also mentioned as Rohtashv himself to a c;'lQal (who, in fact, was also.
~ [h;:}navla] adj green, verdant.

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In fact, Harchandauri is nothing; like a

mirage it is an imaginary formation in the fog. Sometimes, before the winter sun rays become brighter, in the desert or near the sea coast, images of various real or imaginary objects become visible in the thick fog. In district Hissar and the sandy expanses by the sea coast, the spectacle ofHarehandauri looks very exquisite. A person, not having seen it before, craves to stroll through beautiful houses, palaces, forts and gardens. But as the sunrays get brighter, the fog starts thinning out and the whole structure (of Harchandauri) disappears from the sight. Colonel Todd writes that once, during a sea joumey, he felt that a ship ofHarehandauri would soon collide with their ship and reduce it to smithereens. In fright he raised an alarm as he was worried about his life. But the officers of the ship, who were aware of reality, started laughing and Todd felt humiliated. The metaphor of Harchandauri or Gandharab Nagar has been used in Gurbani for the ephemeral and mundane objects. "pekhu h<::lrIc<::ld;mrri <::lSthIru kIChu nahi." -asa chat m 5. "drIS<::ltI dekhu jEse h<::lrIcaduri."-asa m 5. "mrIg trIsna pekhI bhull).e vuthe ndgdr gadhdrb."-savEye m 5. trfu Ff~ [hdrI Sdjjcll).] adj Creator's friend. 2 friend-like Creator. ~ [hdrIS<::lrl n Amritsar, which is the Creator's tank. 2 holy congregation. "harIs<::lr nIrmdlI nae."-suhi chJt m 4. trfm:rfu [hdrISdrI] in the Mansarovar lake. "nIrmdl hasa prem pIarI. hdrIS<::lrI VdSE h<::lUmE marI."-majh am 3. i.e. in the holy company. 2 in the Creator's tank, in the holy company. 3 n river like the Creator's discourse. "hdrI sarI tir<::lthI jal).I m<::lnua naIa."-var mala m 1. 4 river Ganga. ~ [h<::lrISdrul Creator like lake. 2 Amritsar.

[hdrI Sf ghaSdl).u], ~FfUjT'R7i [harIsfghasanl the Creator's throne. 2 the heart of the devout. 3 Indar's throne. 4 golden throne. trfu Fit ~ [hdrI si kdrbha] radiance like that of the sunrays. trfu ~ [harI sevdk] the Creator's servant. "h<::lrIsevak nahi jdm pir."-brla m 5. trfa" 'JfarF3' [hdrI sagalI] Sikh community, congregation ofdevout Sikhs. "VdQ bhagi hdrI sagdtI pavdhi."-majh m 4. 'U'fu 1faft [h<::lrI sagi] adj the Creator's companion; saint, devotee. ~ [h<::lrsatl adj a devotee of Vishnu. "sun bhupatI ya jagat me dukhi rdhIt h<::lrIsat." -krIscm. 2 the Creator's servant, devotee of the Lord. "hdrI sata no horu thau nahi."-asa chatm 4. ~ [hdrISapEl n divine treasure; spiritual wealth. "hdrI sapE nandk ghdrI takE."-bawm. trfu trfu ~ [hdrI hdTI chetr] the place where God effected the release of the elephant gripped by an octopus. It is situated on the bank of river Ganga, about five miles away from Patna. A large fair is held here on the fullmoon day ofthe month ofKattak, in which many elephants are brought for sale.] trfu trfu ~ [hdrI hdrI rukhu] See tJfu 44. ufu u+ [han hal vocative. 0 God ! the words "hdrI ha:" have been used at the end of phundhe chats in the same way as "ho !" has been used in the last line of dFll. See yc'i"UT. tJfacr [h<::lnk] advevery. 2 Skt ~ part without, except, sans. 3 forsaking, renouncing. 4 near. "hIrdktva hrIdana.--gyan. 'you are near the heart. ' ~ [hdrIkdthal narration of the Creator's glory. "hahE h<::lrIkdtha bujhu hi mure !."-asa patim 3.
'Compare it with
d'1'tf

ufafJ:f~

3.

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668
~ [hClrIkaram] adj devout actions. "kClr

hClrI karam srClvan han kCltha." -sukhmcmi.

ufuwfaru [han ka grIh] abode of the Divine,

the world. 2 human body. 3 congregation. 4 pure conscience. 5 I-Iarimandir. 6 Gurdwara. ufu cit ihft [hCln ki p::Jri] meritorious act, a step towards union with the Divine. 2 a step of the tank at Amritsar, behind Harimandir on the side ofDukhbhanjani. 3 Per Hindu belief, the step of the stairs of river Ganga, near Brahamkund. at Haridwar. clfaofla30 [hankirtCln], <Jfdofl~336 [hClnkirtanu] chanting of the Creator's glory. 2 chanting of Gurbani. "hJnkirtClnu gurmukhI jo sunte." -bavan. ufu -& ~or IlDn ke loki. ufu -& NOT [han ke log] saintly people. "hClrI ke 10k SI sac suhele."-bher u m J. "hCln SClrCll)agClt hCln ke log."-guj d m J. -ufufcp:ro 11'faQr~ [harIknSCln SCltIguru] the eighth Guru of the Sikhs. He was born in the house of Guru Hari Rai to Mata Krishan Kaur, on Monday the 8 th of Sawan (10 th of dark fortnight) Sammat 1713 (7th July, 1656), at Kiratpur and was invested with Guruship on m3. 8th ofKattak, Sammat 1718 (7th October 1661). clfarnfae [hdngubfd] See <JfaalfJe. 2 Krishan "hClngubfd par Idrdn sIdhava. hangubad pdr On a complaint of Baba Ram Rai, Aunmgzeb tIm Ih ava."-GPS. As the god of death had summoned him to Delhi where due to smallpox th assaulted Krishan similarly Abdul Khan he breathed his last on the 14 of the bright rd th fortnight (3 of Baisakh) Sammat 1721 (30 mounted assault on Guru Hargobind. March 1664). Bala Sahib and Bangia Sahib, ufu'QJ9 [hdn guru] adj Satgurulike the Divine. 2 the Guru who frees his disciple from are two holy places in Delhi, consecrated to aberrations and blemishes. "han guru nandk his memory. His Guruship lasted for 2 years, jinI pClrsIo te It ut sClda mukte."--savEye III 5 5 months and 26 days. "$ri hClnknsan dhIaiE jItu <;lIthE SClbh dukh jaI."-C.3c;!I 3. ke. ~ [han gal] narration of the Creator's ~ [hangopall See f'm::rn<r '"'Ff. ufaiij-fiie- [hangobfd] See 1::f'OT wft:m. 2 See glory. "han gal gdloiE.-var vac;! m 4. clfad~d' [hdrIgita], <Jfda~f3C(t [hClrIgitIka] a ~'~. 3 See ~ ft:fur. 'clfaaTfife11'faQr~ [hdrIgobfd satIguru] the poetic metre. Its stanza has four lines, each sixth Guru ofthe Sikhs. He was born of Guru line having 28 matras. The first pause is at the

16 th matra and the second at the final 12 th Each line ends with lClghu guru or a rdgdl), that is, SIS. Example: "sdbhI drol) gIrIVdr sIkhar tar ndr, pap kdrdm bhde mdno, uth bhaj dharm sdbhdrm hVE chClmkat damanI so mano." .. -kalki. (b) There is a second form of this metre wherein the first pause comes at the 13 th matra, the second at the final 1yh and a ragal) at the end of the line. This form is also known as sCltpdta and pEc;li (pEri). Example: "phIr kClr sdgre nagdr me, mardana ur ClkulaIkE, bEthe $ri nandk jaM, tahI thClkIt su bESyO aIkE, sri mukh so bujhat bhaye, tIh bdddndhI bIkCll nIharkE, bIn rClbab aVCln bhClYO, nIj bIrtha bhandhu sudharkE."-NP ~ [hdrIgUl)] the Creator's qualities. "hdngUl) gavdhI dndInu jage."-maru solhe

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669 Arjan Dev and Mata Ganga, at village Vadali on 21 5t Harh (6 th ofthe dark fortnight) Sammat 1652 (14 th June, 1595). He received rei igious teaching from Baba Buddha. He contracted three marriages with(a) Damodri, the daughter of Naraindas of Dalla village on 12th of Bhadon, Sammat 1661. (b) Nanki, the daughter of Harichand of Bakala, on 8th Baisakh Sammat 1670. (c) Mahadevi, the daughter of Daya Ram (Dvara) ofMandiali, on 11 th Sawan, Sammat 1672. Guru Hargobind, the spiritual hero and true mentor, had five sons (Baba Gurditta, Suraj Mal,Ani Rai, Atal Rai, and Guru Teg Bahadur) and one daughter named Biro. He was invested with Guruship on 29 th Jeth (14 th day of the dark fortnight) Sammat 1663 (25 th May 1606). At the time of accession, he gave up the previous convention of wearing black woollen cap and instead wore an aigrette on his turban and carried two swords of chieftainship and religious headship. Having viewed the decline ofIndia, he felt the need to preach valour along with spiritual awareness. He raised the Akal Bunga, facing the Harimandir, in Sammat 1665. He got Guru Arjan Dev's shrine built at Lahore in Sammat 1669. During Sammat 1670-71, he lived at places like Daro I i, etc. In Sammat 1684, he helped Mohan and Kala to inhabit Mehraj in Malwa and, in the same year, he got constructed Kaulsar tank. In Sammat 1685, he got Bibeksar constructed for the devout Sikhs. As against the conciliatory policy ofAkbar, Jahangir, on the instigation of some people, started doubting the Sikhs and the fifth Guru was martyred, Guru Hargobind exhorted his followers to become militant and to keep weapons for self-defence. At this, Jahangir confined the Guru in the Gwalior fort. This incident did not lower the esteem of the Guru but raised his status in the eyes of the people. Some leading Muslims persuaded the emperor to release the Guru. Consequently, the emperor not only released the Guru but also mainained friendly ties with him. But when, in Sammat 1685, Shahjahan ascended the throne, he adopted a strict policy towards the Sikhs. As a result, the sixth Guru had to fight four battles in selfdefence, against the army ofthe Mughal emperor Shahjahan. (a) The first battle took place in Sammat 1685, against the Mughal commander Mukhlis Khan, at Amritsar. (b) The second encounter took place against Abdulla Khan, the governor of Jalandhar, in Sammat 1687, at Sri Hargobindpur. (c) The third battle was fought in Sammat 1688 at Gurusar, near Mehraj, against the Mughal commander Qamarbeg. After this battle, the Guru blessed Phool with the reign ofa kingdom.! See . (d) The fourth battle was fought in Sammat 1691, at Kartarpur" against the soldiers of Kale Khan and Painde Khan, etc. After this battle, the Guru moved to Kiratpur but continued the task of imparting religious teaching. He spread the doctrine of Sikhism far and wide and showed the path of salvation to lacs of people in Kashmir, Pilibhit, Bar and Malwa. He was able to bring around many Muslims to the Sikh fold. He sent Udasis far and wide to unfurl the flag of Guru Nanak. He passed on the Guruship to his capable grandson Har Rai and breathed his last on 7th Chet (the 5 01 day of the bright fortnight),
'Many historians have erroncously writtcn that the Phool dynasty was blesscd by the sevcnth Guru but the fact is that he only conl1rmcd the blessings bestowed by his grandfather.

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<JfadHC'l

bicari hanjani."-bdsat m 5. See~. "jo saca hanjan." -var bIha m 4. 2 vehicle of Vishnu, garor. 3 Indar's vehicle, Airavat. 4 the sun's vehicle, horse. -sorm 5. ~ [han jam:] of the pious people. "carni tJfatfe" [hanc;'ld] See (JfaHtl~. 2 See ~. aIpavE hanjanE."-kdlI m 4. 'U'fdtf~ [hanc5daur-ril, c:rfutf~oT 'ij'fu;:fo [hanj;'ln], ~ [hanj;'lni] See ~ [hanc;'ldauri] See (JfaHtl~. '13" ~. "vican QItha hanj;'lni."-var VdQ ijfatle(') [hanc;'ldan], (JfdtleO [hanc;'ldanu] SkI m4. n a kind ofwhite sandal tree (santalum album), "ijfuc!" [harII:l] Skt n deer. the fragrance ofwhich turns the neighbouring ~ [harII:lakhi] See ~. trees also fragrant. "ram paras cadan ham tJfait [hanl).i] Skt n female deer, doe. kasat losatu, han sagI hari satIsagu bhae han ufdo [hant] Skt adj green. "hant vast tan dhare."-pards. 2 See f<r3". kacanu cadanu kine. "-dhcma m 4. 'God is the philosophers' stone and as also the sandal tree, ufa'3T [hanta] short for ~. "laI tanE hanta."-knscm. 2 greenery, vegetable. 3 See we are the wood and the iron.' 2 one of the '(J'd"3T. trees in heaven. See 'Ef03'Sf. 3 moonlight. 4 lotus ~ [han tal] SkI n yellow orpiment. See pollen. ~oT [hancMd;)ri] See (JfaHtl~. 'iRf3'TC? 2 a kind of yellowish-green pigeon. trfai:r [hanj] See UOR. 2 n lotus springing from ~ [handas] servant of the Creator. "caraD malahu handasna.",---g5Q m 4. 'Massage the water. 3 tree. 4 day that emerges from han feet of the Creator's creature.' (the sun).-so::mama. trfai:r ~ [hanj an] the day emerging from ijfaeHi'lT [h,HIdClsna] of the Creator's creature. See~. han (the sun) and its enemy, the night. -so::mama. 2 a tree coming out of han (water), ijfaeGt'M [handClyal] an astrologer, resident of Talwandi, who was family priest of Saba and its enemy, the elephant.-scmama. ufdt:m [hanjas], ~ [hanjasu] praise of the Kalu. He prepared the horoscope of Guru 5. Nanak Dev. 2 See Creator. "harIjasu karat sat dInu ratIo" 'Ufa"e'a' [handClr] See ~. -sukhmcmi. 2 See ;:it3" Ji13T. dfdeaH(') [hClndClrsan] intuitive vision of the trfat:fir [hanjacch] See ~. 'Some historians have erroneously confused the date of supreme One through self-realization. 2 philosophy of Sikhism, doctrine of the faith the demise ofBaba Gurditta in Sammat 1695, with that articulated by Guru Nanak Dev. "hClndarsanu of the sixth Guru.

Sammat 170 I (the 3 March 1644).1 The name of his memorial at Kiratpur is "Patal Puri". See ~-a-. His Guruship lasted for 37 years, 10 months and 7 days and his life span comprised 48 years 8 months and IS days. "arjun hargobrdu nu SImr;) sn hanraI."-caQi 3. ijfdd1faey-a- [hangobfdpur] See 1J't ~-a-. ijfddlfsog [hangobfdu], ijfddlf~e [hangovfd] See (JfdJirJe. "hangobrdurakhIO parmesan." -guj m 5. "hangovfdu gun rakhIa."

rd

'ijfu;:f&:fo ~ [harijacchanI nadanI] See (JdH5f(') orefcr>.

'(J'fu;::ro [han jan] n creatures of the Creator,

the saintly people. "han jan han atar nahl."

-sm9.

CJfai:ro't [hanjani] pious and saintly people. "Ih

ufutro [hanjan]

rn

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paVE vaqbhagI."-asa m 3. 3 Sikh religion. "harI darsan ke jan mukatI na magahI." -kalI am4. ~ ~ cl 'tIi'l [harIdarsan ke jan] people having faith in the religion ofGuru Nanak Dev, the Sikhs. "harIdarsan ke jan mukatI na magahI." -kalI d m 4. clFaei:lHFo [harIdarsanI] through the glimpse of the Creator's vision. "harIdarsanI trIptai."-g5c;l m 4. clFaedl1Q [harIdarsanu] See <JfaeijH('). ~ [harIdaru] gateway for realising the Creator; congregation of true believers, thl~ Sikh community. "harIdaru seve alakh abheve."-sri chat m 5. ufue'rJ:r [harIdas] a physician, resident of Talwandi, who came to cure Guru Nanak Dev from some illness and to whom the latter then recited this salak, "vEd bulaIa vEdgi." 2 See i:Jl}f e'Ff ~. The name of the father of Guru Ram Das is written as hardas and harIdas. 3 a person of the Vij lineage who was a devotee of Guru Arjan Dev; and the Guru instructed that he (Vij) shoulld first serve food. 4 ajailor ofthe Gwalior fort who became a disciple of Guru Hargobind. 5 a yogi of Kankhal who, in February 1837, performed before Maharaja Ranjit Singh a feat of going into deep meditation for 40 days. The Maharaja got him locked up in a box, buried in the ground and an guard was posted at the spot. When on the fortieth day, the yogi was taken out ofthe box, he was just like a corpse. His disciples revived him with the help of massage, etc. The Maharaja gave a large sum of money to the yogi. Dr. MacGregor and some other European historians have given an eyewitness account of this episode. 6 adj God's servant. "harIdasan ki agIa manat te nahi phunI garabh paran."-sar m 5.

[h a rId a s-sut ], <Jf'd''tTFfOo'Gf [harIdastandy], c:rfu'1~ [harIdastanE] son of Hardas, i.e. Guru Ramdas. ~ fuc; [han dIn] See ~ ~. clFatfls i <! [harIdibal).], (JFdel'i!'(') [harIdivan] the court of the Creator, religious congregation, or community of the Sikhs. "jo mIlIa harI dibal). SIU, so sabhni dibal).i mIlIa."-var sri m 4. 'He who is a member of the Sikh congregation is a member of every religious community of the world.' ~ [harIduar] See~. "sukhu pavahI harIduar parani."-gdu m 5. ~ [harIdr] Skt turmeric-coloured. See~. ~ [harIdra] See iJOt!T. ~ [harIdvar], ~ [harIdvara] door or means of spiritual-realization, holy congregation. 2 knowledge ofthe self(soul). 3 per Hindu faith, a famous bathing place at river Ganga, near Kankhal, in district Saharanpur (U.P.). It is also called Brahamkund. "nahI mIHE harIdvara."-sordm 5. Mayapur is another name for Haridwar. ~~ [harIdhaul] See ~. 'clfa'm; [harIdhan], 'ufa<:rQ [harIdhanu] the wealth of the Creator's name. "harIdhan ke bharIlehu bhaqar."-sukhmani. "harIdhanu saci rasI hE."-var gdU 2 m 5. ~ [harIdhar] cloud. 2 tank (of water). 3 river.-sdnama. ~ e1l1d 'F;a [harIdhar Israstra] a noose i.e. the weapon of Varun who is the master of water contained in a tank or flowing in a river. -sanama. ~ [hdrIdh:ll] the white mansion of Indar, paradise "Itno sukh na harIdh:llan ko."
-krISdn.
~ [harInakh], ufuorcn:r [harInakhas] See
~ r3" l{fuwe-. ufuotH [harInam] Skt

ufa"eTFJ1.j3'

12R'1IJ1;\ the Creator's

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Fa?)' fa

672

name, sdtInam vahguru. "hdrrnam rdsna manas ko janam lin, SImran nahI nImakh kin, kdhdn."-bIla a m .5. 2 a kind of bean. dara sukh bhaI0 2 din, pagahu pari beri... " digestible pulse. See Jioft. 3 See ~ t!T ~1..f 2. ~ [hdnnan] illusion, the phenomenal ~ [hanbaD] Cupid's arrow. 2 arrow of world. 2 an ardent devotee, who regards God's name. "harIbaDe praharaDah." himself as the Creator's consort. "han nan -ga tl1a. 3 See ~ ~ 2. suhagDe ! sdbln rag maDe."-bIl1a cMit m 5. tJfuarit [hanbaDi] the eternal Word, Guru's ~ [hdnnavl See <:J'fuo1H. "hdrInaVE nalI utterance. "mIlI satIs5gI bali hanbaDi." gdla hdnnaVE nalI mdsldtL"-var vac;l m 4. -majhm 4. 2 ferry-like Creator whose name ferries one ~ }fc'jT [hanbol mana] name of a poetic across the ocean-like world. metre which is also known as tIlka. It has BfuoT [hdrIni] See Dfuit. 2 army comprising four lines and each line comprises two saga.t:\S: elephants.--sanama. 3 the earth.--sanama. liS, liS. 'tl'fatre [hdnpadl, ~ [hanpadul fourth state Example: of the soul. "han pad cinI bhae se mukte." "karuDalay hE. anghaldy hE. --bhEr a m 1. khalkhaQan hE. mahIm5Qan hE."-japu. ufuyQ' [harIpur] paradise, heaven. 2 world of 'ij'fuiFf [hanb5s] See ~F.f. 2 a bard who Vishnu. "ta dIn so sukh jagat mE han pur me became a devotee of Guru Arjan Dev. His htl nahL" -carItr 103.3 celestial firmament, poetic compositions have been included in abode of harI (the sun) "han pur pur sar." bhatta de savEye. "harrb5s jagatI jasu --ram. 'The firmament was filled with arrows.' sacaryau."-savEye m 5 ke. 3 an ascetic who 'ij'faiffu [hanp::Jn ] See '(Jfu "Ie hdnp::Jr underwent religious austerities to attain selfacman ae."-GPs. realization after having become a devotee of ufufl:r;rr [hanpnya] Vishnu's consort, Lakshmi Guru Arjan Dev. He was an ardent admirer (Lachhmi). 2 a poetic metre which has four of Bhai Gurdas and preached the message lines, each line has 46 matras with three expressed in his poetic compositions. pauses, each after the twelfth matra; the ijFai3dld [hanbhagatl devotee of the Creator. fourth pause is at the final tenth matra, the 2 a nrr5jania ofvillage Jandiala. He got Sardar last matra being a guru. Mehtab Singh ofMirankot arrested at Lahore. Example: I-Iaribhagat also got many rewards for getting "dhare pat vIvrdh rag, hir cir vrmal ag, killed many other Sikhs. ratdnan mal:lImal :;;ubhra bhukhan amol hi, ijFai3dlFa [hanbhagatI] contemplation of the damanr chabI chatakar. damkat ur mukt-har, Creator. "hanbhagatI han ka pIar hE."--sri maDI gan phaDI nil katI, manIk atol hi." m3. -salah ijFaiiiJdl'd [hanbhagatl devotees o;the Creator. Guru Tegh Bahadur's hymns in the jEjavati "te han ke jan sadhu hanbhagat."-sar m 4 rag are also in this metre. partal. tI"fu'iiiJT [han bha] the Creator's Ium inos ity. Example: "re man, kaun gatI hOI hE teri l .?... 2 spiritual light. "harr or dhano gun

orr ti'm.

'This first verse of that of the pause.

'For the sakc of thc mctre, it is pronounced as bhvyo.

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673 harrbha."-prabha m 4. 'ij'fu i~ [harI bha]1U] remembrance of the Creator. See i'. ~ [harI marag] pathway to the Creator. 2 the Sikh way. "mo kau harImaragI paIa." --majh m 5. ~ [harImaragI] in the pathway to the Creator. "ohu harI marag apI calda, horna no harImaragI pae."-var majh m4. ~ [harImala] introspecting over the Creator. 2 mental rosary comprising involuntary repetition of the Word. "harImala ur atarr dhan:."-asa m 5. ~ [harrmIla] adj who has realised the Divine, who has attained self-realisation. "ham jivahI deklu harImIle."--lIdl'm 4. iJfuH~ [harrmadar], ~tg [harrmadaru], ~ [harrmadIr] palace ofthe Divine, the world. "harrmaddr ehu jagat hE."-prabha am 3.2 human body. "harrm5daru ehu sarir hE." -prabha d m 3. 3 holy congregation. "harrmaddr soi akhiE jIthahu harIjata."-var ram 1 ill 3. 4 the magnificent mansion got built by Guru Arjan Dev as Temple of the Divine in the midst of a pool of water at Amritsar. "harr japE harrmadar sajn sat bhagat gUlf gavahI ram. "-SUlli chat m 5. See l'>ffli3'FlQ. 5 abode of the sixth Guru in Kiratpur. 6 birthplace ofGuru Gobind Singh at Patna. 7 a Hindu Temple. "kahD kahyo hdrrm5dar me han, kahD masit ke bic pramanyo."-sdvEye 33. trfut;rro [harIyan] See ~ 2-3 and 4. ~ [hdfIrdSl, ~ [harIrasu] relish of the Creator's name. "piE harIrasu bahufI nd trrsna lagE aI."-dnadu. 2 ecstasy of spiritual knowledge. "hdrIras uparI avaru kIa kahiE?"--sor m1. CJfua'rfu ~ [hanraI satguru] the seventh Guru of the Sikhs. He was born to Baba Gurditta and Mata Nihal Kaur. on 20 th Magh (13 th day ofthe bright fortnight), Sammat 1686 (26 th February, 1630), at Kiratpur. On the 3 td day ofthe bright fortnight ofthe month ofHarh, Sammat 1697, he was married to the daughters of Daya Ram, resident of Anup Shahar (district Buland Shahar, UP). Ram Rai was born to Mata Kotkalyani and Guru Harkrishan was born to Mata Krisan Kaur. He attained Guruship on 12th Chet (the 10111 day of the bright fortnight), Sammat J 70 I (8 th March, 1644). He preached Guru Nanak's religion in full nobility. He toured the Malwa, known as jungle, in Sammat 1703 to enlighten the people of the region. At Mehraj he blessed the Phool family by re-contirming the blessings bestowed by his grandfather, Guru Hargobind l .
See~.

Aurangzeb charged the Guru with helping Dara Shikoh and summoned him to Delhi. The Guru sent his elder son, Ram Rai. Very shrewdly Ram Rai developed closeness with Aurangzeb who felt pacified. He passed on the Guruship to Guru Harkrishan and hreathed his last on 7th Kattak (9 th day of the bright fortnight), Sammat 1718 (6 th October, 1661), at Kiratpur. The Guruship remained with Guru Hal' Rai for 17 years 5 months and 8 days and his lifetime comprised 31 years 8 months and 17 days. "sImn sri harrraI."-cJQi 3. dfaarfu [harrrasI] wealth of the Divine's name. "harIraSI meri manu vaDjara."-cmJdu. ~ [harrrata] adj devoted to the Divine, imbued with love of the Divine. ~ [harrrukh], ~Cf [harrrukkh] dF<3tlt"!('). 2 the wish-granting tree of (Indar 's) paradise. "kamdhenu parjat harr harrrukh."-toQi m 5. 'The Divine are the Kamdhenu (wish-granting, heavenly cow), Patjat (one of the five trees of
'See footnote to ~t!' Rf3qr~.

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cereals a sin l . 2 Sunday. ~ [harIv~:;;] the lunar race. 2 the solar race. 3 the Vaishnava people. 4 a book, supplement to Mahabharat, which contains 16374 saloks about Vishnu's race. It includes the genealogy of many kings. mil [hari] warded off, removed, abolished. "nanak tapat hari."-asa m 5. 2 green, verdurous. "hari nahi nah QaQuri."-sri m 5. 3 n a Jait subcaste. See <:Ji:ft '&. 4 See ufo. 5 SkI sit modesty, bashfulness. 6 Lakshmi. "hari Salok~. bISunu Iakhe."-ramav. Vishnu's consort. ~~ [harIIIvm;'}Qal] the state in which 'Lakshmi took Ram for Vishnu.' the mind, oblivious of all else, gets immersed ~ [hariaI] SkI tJTfac;) n a green pigeon, a pigeon-like green-coloured bird. in the love ofthe Creator. All other attachments vanish from the mind. "man harIlIv m;'}QaI ~ [haria] adjstealing, capturing. "haria kI m;'}Qa he."-sohIla. ja va tan ke."-ramav. captivating life and body. 2 suf having, possessed of. "dukh bIQaran ~ [harIlok] n Vaikunth, Vishnu's heaven. haria."-majh m 5.3 n white water-lily said to 2 Indar's paradise, heaven. 3 holy congregation. open at the moonrise. "c;'}drama carhe te jya 4 the Creator's creatures. "harI ke s;'}g base bIrajr set haria."-krIs~m. 4 adj verdant, harIlok."-sar surdas. flourishing. "manI mauiE tanu haria."-suhi ~ [harIlog] creatures or servants of the Divine. "te utam harIiog jiu."-asa ch{jt cMt m 5. 5 third declension, God, the Creator. "nIrgUI). haria sarguI). dharia."-suhi m 5 m4. partal. 'The abstract God has become ~ [harIvar] the Creator as husband; concrete.' husband-like Creator. "nanak harIvar paIa m;'}gal."-vd(l m 4 ghoria. 2 the Divine as the ~ [hariara], ~ [haria vala] adj green, verdant. "saphiio bIrakhu huriavala." best sword. "harIVdr dhar kar."-ramav. -sri d m 1. "Ihu hariara tal." -5 kabir. 'The clfaOiijdH [harIvaras], ~ [harIvarakh] SkI pool ofthe world is surrounded by the verdure ~. a region of the Jambudveep. "tho harIvarakh kh;'}Q jIh thai."-NP See iW cf~. of sensual pleasures.' clFaOiijIH(')1 [harIvasna] eternal desire for mftfT ~'W [haria vela] a gurdwara of Guru realising the Supenne Soul, self-realisation. Hal' Rai, situated at a distance of six miles "jIni ap tajIa harIvasna samaI).i."-dn{jdu. towards south of the railway station in district Hoshiarpur. It is situated inbetween the villages 'Those who have given up their ego, have their of Chaggran, Bohan, Chabbewal and Bajror. minds occupied with the desire to attain spiritual 'It occurs in the fourth chapter of the vnddh harit realisation. ' clfaOiijiHd [harIvasar] the day of Vishnu, the SIInntI that a Brahman who eats cereals during 11 th day of a Iunar fortnight when the devotees h<Jnvas<lr should be made to sit all a donkey and sent of Vishnu observe fast and regard eating of into exile.

paradise) and the Kalp Birchh (another wishgranting tree of paradise).' ~ [harIr;'}g], ~ [harIr;'}gu] love of the Divine. "harI kau IOCE sabhkoi."-suhi m 4. "harIragu kade na utrE." -gal} m 4 karhale. ~ [harIlal] a Brahman ofKashi who was brother ofKrishan La\. Both of them gave up their casteist pride and became disciples of Guru Arjan Dev. They preached the life view of Sikhism in Kashi and its surrounding areas. It was for them that the Guru recited Sahaskriti

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There goes a story that here dried-up climbers turned green with the blessings of the Guru and hence this name was given to the gurdwara. Seventy-one ghumaons ofland has been attached to this gurdwara since the time of the Sikh reign. A fair is held here on every Baisakhi and Maghi. BabaAjit Singh had also visited this place. The story of his visit goes as follows: Two girls, named Harian and Bharian, residents ofBajwara, and proceeding to Jejon after marriage, were snatched by the Pathans of Bassi Kalan. At this, their relatives went to Anandpur Sahib and lodged a complaint with Guru Gobind Singh who ordered his son to get those girls released and punish the culprits. Baba Ajit Singh fought a battk, got the girls released and duly punished the culprits. Both the girls thanked Baba Ajit Singh and then breathed their last. Their memorial is situated to the north of the gurdwara. The gurdwara, in memory of the Sikhs who laid down their lives in the said battle, also stands there. mft"p [haria] adj destroyer. "harIa karia." -japu. the destroyer and the creator. 2 of the Creator. "kIrpat haria."-sahas ill 5. 'by the Creator's grace.' "ffiftR" [haris] A Lf!..7 adj avaricious, covetous. ual ft::fur [hari sigh] a Rajput fighter of the hill states who fought a battle with Husaini. See ~ '('i"T'2"q r: 11. 2 Sardar Hari Singh Nalwa who was son of Sardar Gurudyal Singh (Uppal Khatri) of Gujjranwala. He was born to Mai Dharam Kaur in Sammat 1848. This Sikh warrior was an eminent general of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Till date, the dread of his name is prevalent among the frontier Pathans. He won many a battle for the Sikh empire. He died on 19 th Baisakh, Sammat 1894, fighting valiantly in a

fierce battle against Pathans near the Jamrod fort. The memorial of this jewel of the Panth is situated in the fort of Jamrod. 3 grandson of raja Gajpati Singh ofJind and son ofMehar Singh. He died at the age of 18 years, in 1791 AD, of a fall from the roof in inebriation. 4 See~. 5 See ~ -et~. ual qr tf'30 [hari ka pattan] There is a barrage near village Harike. At a short distance upstream, there is the confluence ofthe rivers Satluj and Beas. This barrage is the boundary ofthe districts of Lahore, Ferozepur, Amritsar and the state of Kapurthala. ual if [hari ke] members of Hari subcaste. 2 a village, populated by Jatts of Hari subcaste, on the north bank of the confluence of the rivers Satluj and Beas, near Valtoha railway station, under police station Patti in tehsil Kasur of district Lahore. Guru Angad Dev visited this place. Earlier a gurdwara was there but it no longer exists, and the old habitation, has been inundated by the river. The present habitation is new and there is no gurdwara. mflJifae y'ij" [harigobid pur] See JIT ~'ij". ual tfe" [hari cad] See (JfdHB\;:. "hari cad dan karE jas levE."-gau a ill 1. 2 name offather-inlaw of Guru Hargobind. See ~}fl3T. 3 hillchiefofhac;lur who had come to help raja Bhim Chand ofkahI1 uri to fight against Guru Gobind Singh, in the battle ofBhangani in the month of Baisakh, Sammat 1746. 1 He was a great archer. His bravery was mentioned by the tenth Guru in Vichitar Natak. "taha ek bira hari cad kopyo."-VN. He died of an arrow shot by the tenth Guru. ~ [harijE] become green or verdurous. "ITIIlI sadhu sag harijE. "-kaii a ill 4. 2 (please)
iSome writers have given Sammat 1743 as the year of the battle of Bhangani which is not correct. See footnoteto~.

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eliminate, remove. mft3cft [h~ritki] Skt n myrobalan. L Terminalia Chebula. "g~n jok h~ritki Jr m~d5."' ~sdmudrCJmthal.1. It has a dry and hot effect. In books on Indian system of medicine. it is recommended as an effective remedy for constipation, cough, sprue, piles, intermittent fever and flatulence. ~'ij" [hClripur] See ~'ij". 2 a major city of district Hazara, founded by Sardar Hari Siugh Nalwa in 1822 AD. See tRftmur. 3 a village in tehsil and police station Abohar of district Ferozepur. It is situated at a distance of haifa mile westward from railway station Panjkosi. On the bank of a pool named Bat Tirath, to the north of the village, there is a gurdwara of Guru Nanak Dev and Guru Gobind Singh. The tenth Guru visited this place on his way to the Deccan. This gurdwara came to be known in Sammat 1933. It has been tastefully raised through the efforts of sardar Gurmukh Singh Nilewale. ~"ijT [hClripura] See ~Cf 3. ~ [hClriph] A .....fi.7 adj riv81, adversary, coprofessional. 2 cunning, deceitful. 3 friend. "hClriphul CljimE."-~japu. 4 enemy. "hClriphul sIk~n hE."-japu. "h~t~n h~riph rohyo Ih kIthu, n~hi sClstra kar pdkClryo jaI."~GPS. ~ [hClriphi] A Lt.7 n friendship. 2 enmity. 3 deceit. "adhrk hClriphi jan bhog partrry jo k~rhi."-cCJrItr 21. UtftaT [hClrira] A ~!,.7 n a liquid dish. 2 the dish especially, prepared fro'm the kernels of almonds, pumpkin and gherkin seeds, etc. and wheat milk. It is used as an invigorator for the brain. ~ [harira], <::Rft;:ft [hariri] of the Creator. "sadhu s~gatI sac tClkhat hClriri."-BG. 2 See
~.
~

humble, flippant.
~ [lnruvai] n triviality, flippancy. "hdruve

[hClruva] adj not heavy, light. 2 trivial,

purkhan ki hdruvai."--GPS. ugfT (harua], ~ (hClrue] adjnot heavy, light. 2 i.e. free from the burden of pride and perversion. "harue harue tIrIgCle <;lube jIn SIrI bhar."-s kabir. 3 adv by degrees, slowly. "cal c~lf: harue harue."-krIsan. ~ (h~ruf] plural ofhClrdf. W ~ [hClrufe tdhdjji] A !~J.7 plural of haraf is h~ruf and tahajji is the mode to spell; alphabet. .~ [hClre] adj green. 2 eliminated, warded off. "apI kare ape hare."-asa am 1. 3 merged. "jo harr hare su hohI na ana."-gau kabir. 4 adv slowly. "hare bol bal yo bhyo."-krrscm. ~ (harek] P ..ffi adj every, each. ~ [harekha] Skt ~w n neighing (of a horse). "bhayo ~abCld hoy kin harekha."--GPs. ~ (hdrev], ua-~ [harevi] A (J'fi adj resident of f-IiraL "k:idhari hdrevi rraki nr sake." bIki. 'the dauntless people of Kandhar, Hirat and Iraq.' da-w [horEya] adjstealer, pilferer. 2 vanquisher. 3 snatcher, seizer. ua-'l? [horol], ~C? [hClT:)l] Dg n vanguard, forefront "hawl hal calya."-VN. "mar hawl bhoja I d~e." -krrsall. 2 A ,JJfi cantering of the horse. "h~TJI th~myo hoe t~b kh~re."-PPP mfar [hClr~g] every limb. "harrsatua har~ge." -gyan. '0 Divine! you are present in every limb.' 'ffif3' [h~r~tl pilfering. 2 neighing. "har~t bajI opar."-gyall. ~ [h~ryau] removed, eliminated, abolished. "~gh5n h~ryau."-scwEye m 4 ke. (J'l? [hal] Skt ~ VI' plough; pull; draw a line. 2 n a plough. See UCi. It is written in ~ 218 of the atrr srmrrtr that the pious plough with eight bullocks, though the use of six bullocks

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is not looked down upon. The merciless people plough with four bullocks and those who use two bullocks to plough, commit cows laughter. The confirmation of this rule is available in the first chapter ofthe apastabh SImrItI. The same is written in the saloks numbering 8, 9 and 10 of the 2 nd in chapter of the Parashar Simriti. 3 the area of land which can be tilled and cultivated well with the help of only one plough. l "bhumI pac hal ki In dijE."-GPs. See tJ;fFfT. 4 In grammar, a vowelfree consonant. The name hal is given to such a consonant because of the line drawn under it. 2 5 See ~ vr 6 A J pron and adj what. ~ [halhar] ploughman. "jEse hCllhar bIna jImi nahI boiE."--g5Q kdbir. 2 bullock (that pulls the plough). m;rm;r [halhal] See ~. ~ [halak) A n throat. 2 Skt ~ ,LJ!t:-.j hydrophobia. This disease is caused by the bite ofa rabid dog, jackal, fox, etc. It should be got treated immediately from the Pasteur3 institute, Kasauli. When it affects the brain of the patient, it becomes incurable. In some cases the virus remains latent for some time before becoming active. Larger the amount of virus injected by the rabid animal and closer to the brain of the patient, the faster is the effect. The patient ofhydrophobia fears water and

J"

IThe unit of measure of hal is not constant in different parts oflndia. It comprises 30 ghumaons at one place, 35 at another and 40 somewhere else. But generally a hal of irrigated land comprises fewer ghumaons than a hal of arid lands.
2S ee W >?fcfa".

'Pasteur was a French scientist. He was born in 1822 AD. He invented the best cure for hydrophobia. The said institution has been named after him.

his appetite disappears. He loses consciousness and his tongue hangs loose. Saliva and froth flow from the patient's mouth that gets dry. He finds light disagreeable and in terror pounces upon others to bite them. These are symptoms of this disease. The wound caused by the bite of the rabid animal should be immediately cauterized with a burning coal or a red hot piece of iron, sufficient potassium permanganate should be rubbed into it. Application of the paste of nuxvomica is also beneficial. The following medicines are beneficial for the treatment of hydrophobia. Pills, each weighing two rattis, should be prepared from the paste of parched grams soaked in the milk of banyan tree under the shade. Depending on the age and strength of the patient, one to eight pills should be given with water. This medicine will expel the poison (the virus) through loose motions. The patient should be made to lick the paste ofthe powder of achyranthus aspera (phuthkaQe) and honey. The root oftulsi (sacred basil plant) levigated in rice water (i.e., the water in which rice has been washed) should be given to the patient. The patient should be given black peppers levigated with the leaves ofsacred basil (tulsi). ~ [haIClkI).a] v become rabid or hydrophobic. 2 become extremely greedy; get omnivorous. ~ [halka] adj not heavy, light. 2 low. 3 A ~ n area, region. "haJike dalke halke kar Qare." -krrscm. 4 Some people use this word for the rabid. See~. dMcl'Fs))fT [hakaIa] adj rabid, extremely greedy. "atar lobh ph IrahI halkae."-asa ill 5. See (J"l"SCt 2. dM'd' [haIkara] n messenger, courier, postman. "IIkh harkare badsah phIr turat pathae."-j.:ig.

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~ [hdlvan] See ~. 2 ploughman. 2 B tlMo(lr~fT. "halkIo sabhahI bIgare." ~ [hdlahal] halhal, halahal and halahal -natam4. are all correct in Sanskrit. That poison which ~~ [halakk] adj dreadful. Who makes others (like a plough) cuts furrows in the stomach. I tremble with fright. "halakk hak marhI" See P Ji\- "char bhayo dal danav ko jIrnI -suraj. 'They raise such cries in the battle as ghum halahal ki rnakhia."-c.JQi 1. ' ...as flies cause dread.' die hovering over poison.' m?\JM" [ha1cal] stir, commotion. n one who ~ tRf [halahal dhar] adj venomous. 2 n makes others tremble with fri2;ht. snake. 3 Shiv. See o'tM'ofo. m;fu [halacc] adj bestirred, in commotion; one ~ [halak] A Ji\- kill, murder. 2 perish, get who makes others tremble with fright. exterminated. "chudhIt hdlak hOI ndr rndre." ~ [hdh).a] v stir or move. See f<:rM" vr. -GPs. ~ [halat], ~ trM"3" [haldt pdlat], trnE l.ffiB ~ [halakat] A di\- n murder, man[hdldtI palatI], ~ [halatu], ~ l.fMg [halatu slaughter. 2 destruction, extermination. pdldtU] Skt fu'u3Jr ~ adj here and there, in ~ [hdlaki] adj killing, destroying. 2 n See this world and the next. "halatI palatI rnukh UWCB. ujle."-sri m 5. 2 this world and the next. ~ [hdlacal] See <:JM" trn'. "kabdhu na hdiia "halatu palatu sdvanonu."--majll barallmalla. pari halachdl."-carItr 327. 'tJ'li5Tt!ftr [halayudh] Skt n Balram who has m?tft [haldi] See ~. plough as his weapon, Balbhadar l . "aSI kop tJ1'5tf [hdldhar] adjplough-bearing or farming. halayodh hath Idyo."-krIsan. 2 n elder brother ofKrishan, Bah'am, who used ~ [halal] A JtJg having religious sanction, the plough as his weapon. See ~B l:fR"ffi. lawful. "rnaraI). pahI hararn rndhI, hOI halal tJ1'5tf fQ;:r l)ffu [haldhdr dnuj an ]-sanama. na jaI."-var majll m 1. 2 the meat of the the arrow (the enemy of Krishan who was animal slaughtered in the Islamic way which, younger brother of Balbhadar). See ~. according to Islam, it is lawful to eat. "jia ju ~ [halaph] A ....oJ., oath, swearing (by anything rnarahI jor kan kdhI te haln ju halal."-s kabir. sacred). . 3 butchered (in the Islamic way). "hOI halalu ~ [halab] A ~ a famous city of Syria. 2 the lag hak jaI."-var ram 1 m 1. area around Halab. d('5El '6d [halbaner] City of Halab. See ~ l. UMTl'5'liQ' [hdlalkhur], ~Q' [hdlalkhor] P "harhar si halbaner."-akal. 'In Halab resides .JfJtJg adjone who eats what is lawful; whose earnings are legitimate. 2 people ofthe lowest glory, luminous like Shiv's necklace (i.e. the castes, such as sweepers etc., who get white snake).' tJ'l'5fa:' [halabI], (Jl'5"lft [halabi],~"lit [hdlabbi] adj converted to Islam are also called halalkhor alpine. 2 the alpine sword (regarded as of for honour's sake. "hE hdlalkhur nic carnar." outstanding merit). "rnahId phuladi tej -GPs. I Balram used to carry a plough on his shoulder. Wielding halabbi."-GPS. 3 alpine glass. it like a crooked stick, he used to hook his enemy's ~ [hdlva] A j}> sweetmeat. 2 pudding. neck. Pulling him towards himself, he used to crush the d('5'i@ie9 [halvai] adj maker of pudding or laltcr's heild with a threshing club. See l:fFlC'ft. sweetmeat, confectioner. See ~.

~ [halkIO], ~ [halkra] adj See ~

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[halalu] See~. m;ft [hali] See <:J"ffi!T. "it ut na hali."-keda m 5. 2 Skt -gfu-';f, adj possessing a plough. 3 n Balram. "kanh hali bal kE tab hi caturag daso dIS bic bagai."-krIsan. 4 ploughman, agriculturist. 'tI1'fuf [halim] A adj clement, forebearing. 2 calm, humble. See fum.r. mmtt [halimi] P ~ n clemency, forbearance, humility. See fum.r. ~ [halu] See m? "halu jotE udamu karE."-gau m4. ~cft [haluki] adj light weight, "haluki lagE na bhari."-gau kabir. ~ [haluva], ~fT [halua] See ~. ~ [halunJ.).a] v shake. 2 joggle (a tree, etc). ~ [halupha] See ~GT. ~ [halul] A J".L> alight, descend, penetrate, enter. See }{(TW. ~ [hale] part hello ! "hale yara! hale yara ! khus khabri."-tI15g namdev. 2A 4- part take care ! beware ! 3 be it known, pay heed. ~ [halemi] See uffiHt. "tijE halemi cauthE khEri."-maru salhe m 5. 'Humility is the third namaz (prayer) and God's grace the fourth.' 2 adj humble, clement and polilte. "Ihu hoa halemi raju jiu."-sri m 5 pEpaI. See fum.r. ~m '6"'H [halemi raj] See '<ffim 2. mfCf [halak] See ~. 2 he who carries a plough on his shoulders, See~. 3 See m?~. 4 See m;5'Cf. "halak hak marhl."--VN. "Jlri [hall] A d" dissolving, mingling. ri, [halla] See (J"}{W. ~ [hav] Skt n See Sf and it. what is given to a god after invoking him. 2 sacrificial rite. 3 permission. 4 See ~. 'iR'R" [havas] A v'joz' n avarice, convetousness. 2 a kind of mania. ~ [havak] A ,j? n herd, flock, group, mass.
~

"aspan kuday ae havak hiik line. "-salah.

twO [havan] Skt n act or process of invoking a

god by uttering Vedic hymns and simultaneously pouring clarified butter, etc. into the fire; an oblation or offering made to the fire. ~a [havan kuc;l.] a sacrificial pit, prepared according to procedure given in Shastars, for oblation by fire. According to the Amnay Rahasay, the sacrificial pit should be of quadrangular shape in the east; in the southeast it should be vulva-shaped; in the south. crescent-shaped; in the south-west, hexagonal; in the north, lotus-shaped and in the north-east, octagonal. The Bhavishyat Puran says that the depth of the fire pit should be in keeping with the number ofsacrifices to be performed. For fifty sacrifices, the depth of the fire pit should be fist-deep, for a thousand sacrifices cubit-deep and for a crore of sacrifices the depth should equal eigl1t cubits. Writin p about the fire pit, Sadhu Daya Nand, in the 3 rd part of his Satyarth Prakash, says, "th~ time for oblation by fire is between the sunrise and the sunset. A square-shaped metallic or earthen altar should be made. It should be 12 or 16 fingers wide and.deep and 3 or 4 fingers wide at the bottom. The width of the bottom of the altar should be Y4 of its width at the top. Some pieces of good quality sandalwood, bastard teak or mango tree, etc., cut according to the dimension of the altar, should be put into it. After kindling fire at middepth ofthe altar, the aforesaid sacrificial fuel should be put therein. After this, oblation by fire should be performed by chanting these mantars. "... ~ [haval, ~ [havaI] A IJ1 nair. 2 desire. 3 avarice, covetousness. 4A t? Eve. See f'tH. ~ [havai] adj aerial. 2 A JtJ1 friend, lover.

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3 n coloured matchstick, a kind of firework. "prem palita suratI havai."-bher kabir. In ancient times, the fuse ofa cannon was ignited with the help ofhavai. ~ J:fH'RT [havae xamsa] A J LfJ1 five objects corresponding to the five sense organs. ~ [havas] A Ll'l.P plural offuH; sense organs. 2 the power that renders a word tactile, sensuous and fragrant. ~ 'l:llfRT [havasI xamsal A J sense organs. ~ [havall A JI..Yf plural of tJ"T1? state, condition. "tIn ko kaun haval."-s kabir. "Ihi haval hohIge tere." -gau kabir. ~ [havala], ~ [havalE] A ...Jl.P n consignment, custody. "kahu nanak ham IhE havala rakhu satan kE pachE."-sor m 5. "han bhagta havalE hota."-ram m 5. 2 reference, allusion. ~ [havarl n sultriness. 2 humid heat; vaporous heat (of the earth). ~ [haVIl, ~ [haVIkhy], 00 [havil Skt~: n the offering to be put in an oblation. 2 clarified butter (which is the main item). "havi jIm khir mahI."~NP 3 Skt ~ adj (objects) which are regarded fit for oblation. "lut khat havIkhy."-ramav. ~ [havelil A n a walled house, a house with a surrounding wall on all sides. ~ 'fI'Tfus' [haveli sahIbl the haveli in which the Sikh Guru or his consort resides. 2 a house, at Delhi, inhabited by Mata Sundari. This house is outside the Turkman Gate. See Jj-em (b) kntakrIt (dried sesame seeds, rice, etc.) (c) aknt (unhusked rice, barley, etc). See Uf'. CN:if CN:iI' [havy kavy] See CN:if and ~. 'ij;f [har] n flow. 2 floodwater, "gobrd bhdjan bmu har ka jal."-to<;fi m 5. i.e., ephemeral objects. 3 har-the cry of the dead warriors (who laid down his life in a battley. "har bolte jIs thor."-GPs. 'ij;f'ij;f [har harl onom sound of loud laughter. "durga bEn sUl)adi hassi hdr-hdraI."-cJ<;fi 3. mrc')T [harnal v be washed away, drift away. ~ [hartall See ~. 2 See ~. ~ [haPPpl)al v gobble up, gulp down. u31.r' [hdrappal n act of gobbling. 2 a city in district Montgomery, which was visited by Guru Nanak on his way to Multan. Nanaksar is the name of the gurdwara there. See ~ 3. Antique objects are being discovered from the digging of old ruins there. On seeing them, scholars have estimated that they are 3000 years old. ~ [hardppul adjwho devours. 2 omnivorous. ~ [hdrbdrl See ~. cl3S3 i (')i [hdrbdranal v be confused or flurried. 2 be in a hurry. "hdrbaraI pdhuci dukhIari." -GPs. ~ [harbaril n flurry, confusion. 2 commotion, bustle. 3 haste, rashness. ~ [hdrVal)il flood water. 2 flowing river. "rattu de harval)i calle bir khet."-cJ<;fi 3. "nrddk la-Itbar mIle harval)iE."-var mala m 1. 'Slanderers and backbiters get lost in the flow of death.' 3 Skt ~ qr;fu:- the cane of a caq,al. Slanderers and backbiters are caned by the caq,als (i.e. the lowest and most despised people) in ajail. '(jT [hal Skt vr give up, wander, go about. 2 adj killer, destroyer. "sajog nam sdtru ha."
lPeople believe that the souls of the soldiers killed in the battlefield keep on crying: "Kill!" "Catch!". etc.

v'P

J..y

lfT3T n8

fu"m.

CN:if

[havyl Skt adjfit for oblation. 2 n anything that is offered to a god during oblation. Three types of objects fit for oblation have been mentioned in the 24 th chapter of Katyayan Simriti. (a) krIt (cooked rice, parched barley meal, etc.)

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tr1"

--paras. 3 part expression ofgriefor dejection, alas! 4 woe. 5 slander. 6 P ~ a suffix indicating plural in Persian like ~JT thousands (of). 'iji [hal part expression of acceptance or assent. 2 aye, all right. 3 also used as a reminder. 4 P U~ take care! beware! ~ [haubhau] See (J~ ~. [haul adj killer, destroyer. 2 n bogey created by ignorant people to frighten children. "vak karur te jhrrkato hau rt ora."

-GPs.
'ij'Tfu [haIl part expressing distress or sorrow,

ah! "har har kare drnu ratI."-dhana chat m 4. See (J-rfu M. ~ [haIhu] See (JTtjf ~'. UTfu [har bhar] See ~~. "brsekh har bhar k."-ramav. "harbhar hahu bhat drkhae." -cantr 16. 'iJTful;r [harl] See <::Jl'l:il?? [hail n a blue bottlefly that, while sitting on an open wound, muJtiplies genn$ and bacteria. 2 Skt used for Skt rft;r. "t1J. mera guru hai."-sor m 5. 'You are my guru (teacher).' 3 L~. used at the end of words to indicate plural. "grani dhrani gut gur hai."-sodarv. "guruhar guru." See E high. 4 adj killer, destroyer, assassin. "dalahot hai."-GV 10. (J'Tff [has] See <:IFf vr n laughter. 2 joke. 3 a subcaste of Rajputs. 'ijiJ.f [has] n an ornament, worn by women around the neck. WR'3T [hasta] laughing. See ftrcr ftrcr. ~ [hasad] See 'U"fi::re'. 'U"fIli5' [hasal] A ~L> adj acquired, attained. 2 n consequence, result. 3 purport, object. 4 toll, revenue. "hukam hasal kari bEtha."-sri m 1. urw [hasa] See (J'Tff. 'U"fi::re' [hasrd] A yL> adj jealous, who resents the prestige and glory of another. "sikhya hasrd jan6 ki pyari man navab."-PP

[hasrl] See ,(JTFm. tJTfit [hasi] See tJTF1. ~ [hasi] See iJ'Ff, ('J1:IT. 2 a major city in district Hissarof Punjab. It is situated at a distance of fifteen miles from Hissar. This is a station of the Rajputana-Malwa railway. It has been -the capital of Anangpal, Prithvi Raj, Masud and George Thomas, etc. It came under the control of the English in 1803 and remained one of their cantonments for a long time. During the mutiny of 1857, the army stationed here revolted and killed many Englishmen. These days there is no cantonment, but remarkable is its agricultural farm. 'U""fitl)fI' [hasia], ~(J' [ha~iyah] A ~~ selvage, border; margin. urmr [hasy] Skt n laughter. 2 jest, joke. 3 one ofthe nine sentiments, of mirth brhumour in poetry. See OFf. (J'I(J' [hah] part expression of griefand surprise. ah! alas! ~ [hahla] n uproar, cry of distress or lamentation. U'tJ1' [haha] part expression of grief, distress or lamentation. 2 remorse, repentance. "haha prabhll rakhrlehu."-dhana m 5. 3 a mythological minstrel. See (JT(JTW. 4 sound of laughter. "haha karat brhani avadhahI."-jEt m 5.5 pronunciation of the character(J'. "haha hot hor mhi jana."-gav bavan kabir. 'iji 'iji [ha hal part expressive of assent. 2 all right, correct, true. 3 oh ! "ha ha laptIO re mureL"-togi m 5. 4 undoubtedly; without hesitation. "ha ha man caran renu." -kan m 5. tfl'(JT ~ [haha huhu] Skt two heads of Gandharavs who are musicians in the court of Indar. "haha huhu gadhrab apsra."-mala m 5 partal. It is written in Gajendarmoksh (a text from the Mahabharat) that Haha and Huhu became: proud of their art and, because

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of their pride, they were cursed by sage Deval to be born as elephant and octopus respectively. U'CJT qrij' [haha kar] n uproar of distress or lamentation. ~ [hahuk], ~ [hahuka] a sad sigh. "hahuk let gai sabh hi."-krIsau 'U'Ct [hak] n a call, shout. "jara hak di sabh matI thaki."-suhi kdbir. "When old age beckoned, then all the wisdom got weary.' 2 See, w. "soi sac hak."-var ram 2 m 5. 3 See~. uTa" [hak] n goading. 2 a call, shout. 3 See <:Jifq. ~ [hakna] v urge 011, drive. 2 shove on. 'ijTQ)f [hakam] A fl.> adj ruler, governor. ~ [hakamraI] a favourite companion of Bahadur Shah whom he sent, alongwith Bhai Nand Lal, to solicit Guru Gobind Singh's help in the battle of Jajovan. ~ [hakal], ~ [hakla] a poetic metre also called sudhadhar. It has four lines, each of which has 14 matras. The first pause is at the ninth matra, the second at the fifth thereafter, each line ending with two gurus. Example: "gal mala tIlak, lIlata, dUI dhoti bastra, kapata... "-var asa. "aI).marla madal bajE. bIn sayan ghanhar gajE. badal bIn varkha hoi. jau tattu brcarE koi."-sor namdev. 2 See 'U"CXW. ~ [hakarra], ~ [hakara] adjwho calls, janitor, messenger. "dan hakarra ara hE." ~vac;I m 1 alahl)i. "hakara ala ja trsu bhala." -vac;I m 1 alahl)i. uifcr [hakr] pron I. 2 part that I. "hiikr balI balI balI ball sad balrhar."-savEye m 5 ke. 3 undoubtedly, definitely. ~ [hakrni] according to Tantar Shastar, a species of female demon's. [haku] See W 8" 'U'Ct. "drla ka malIk bre haku."-ram m 5. 'does Justice (hakk).' ~ [hake] See <:Jifq. CJ'1'R'3" [hajat] A ~l.> n necessity, requirement. 'ijTfJ)-fI' [hajma] A /~ digestive power, digestion. 'ij'Ij1ij' [hajar] A /l.> adj present. 2 ostensible, visible. "or hajarumltha bo1de."-vargau 1 m 4. 'ij'Ij1ij' UijO [hajar hajur] A j? /l.> present and visible, transparent. "kr hajar hajur hE."-japu. ij'AdA<;'ij [hajarjavab] A ..... I?/l.> he who is ready with an answer; quick-witted. ~ [hajarnamah], ~ [hajarnama] a hymn attributed to Guru Nanak Dev, which begins as "hajra ko mrhar hE." "hajarnama kin bakhana."-NP 2 a rahrt-nama written by Bhai Harnam Singh. ~ UijO [hajra hajur] See <JTH'd" ~. "hajra hajur dar pes to mani."-trlag namdev. 'ij'1'H'ij'T3' [hajrat] A .::-I/l.> practice of calling the ghosts etc. "hajrat jab bEth magavE. dey bhut jfnat bulavE."-carItr 135. U'iRft [hajri] A If?l.> presence, availability; being at hand. tJTHg [hajaru] See <JTH'd". 'ijTHT [haja] A pron this. 'U"fit [haji] a pilgrim to Mecca. See <:JR. "jo dII sodhE soi haji."-maru solhe m 5.2 slanderer, vilifier. ur;:fty'd' [hajipur] a well known town of district Muzaffarpur in Bihar. "has kESi hajipur."-akal. ~ [hiijhi] See <:ft:it. U'G [hat] n shop. "aju mE bESio han hat." -mala m 5. 2 See ~. "mara gaia hat." -sar m 5. ~ [hatak] Skt n thorn-apple. 2 gold. "btl ~am~er mu~tI JIS hatak."-GPs. ~ [hatakpur] n Lanka, which is said to be built of gold. 2 translated form of Kundanpur. See rit7'i1::f'd'.
(]"lij

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'U"G'Ott [hatki] adj golden, made of gold.

[hatli] See ~. 'ijTfG [hatI] n shop. 2 adv afterwards. "mng pakre ghar a.t;le hatI." -bher IT! 5. 3 at the shop. "tIsu jan ke ham hatI bIhajhe."-mala m 4. ~ [hatIO] adjturned, refrained. "nfdakgur knpa te hatIO."-toQi m 5. 2 n shopkeeping. "jhuthE banajI UthI hi gai hatIo."-mala ravdas. 3 shop. ~ [hati] n shop. 2 home. "hati bati rahahI nnale."-srdhgosatr. That means 'within and without or inwardly and outwardly.' 3 adj abandoned, moved away. ij 1e1EI'i1 [hatibati] n shop and garden; home and garden; home and forest; family life and asceticism. "hati bati rahahI nIfale." -srdhgosatr . 'd"'? [hatu] See tJ"'C. ~ [hatuli] n shop. See 'R'Gm. ~ [hate] stopped, halted. "maIa bIkh mamta Ih bIadhI te hate."-guj m 5. ~ [htE] turns away. "gur ka SIkh bIkar te hatE." -sukhmani. ~ [hatEhat], ~tJ"'C [hatohat] sen from one shop to another. "rovahu sakatu bapure ju hatE hat bIkaI."-s kabir. i.e. 'born as various types of creatures in hell, heaven or other worlds.' ~ [hatoli] n bazaar, a row of shops. 2 shopkeepers. uro [hath] adj resolute, persistent. "nsvat hath hamir."-kalki. "bj sata.t;li hath p~ja joriE."-var guj 2 m 5. 2 n side, faction, aspect. "hatha dOVE kitio."-var maru 2 m 5. 'both sides of attachment and detachment.' 3 army's flank. "qahe ju khet jatale hatha jorkE."-c.3Qi 3. tJTi5T [hatha] plural ofuro. See uro. U"'i5t [hathi] adj resolute, persistent. 2 S bodystructure. 3 ashes of pyre. urc5'tw [hathisa] n longing to obtain with
~

obstinacy or persistence. "kure murakh ki hathisa."-suhi m 5. 'tJ'Ti5tw [hathila] adj resolute. 2 n persistence, obstinacy. "tIagahu man hathila."-guj m 5. urg fl:fur [hathu sfgh] In Sammat 1815 when a few imprisoned Singhs were presented before Ahmad Shah Durrani, he said, "A Singh (lion) can combat an elephant, can you with the epithet ofa lion do so? Hathu Singh showed his desire to combat an elephant. Ahmad Shah pleased with his courage, patience and strength, released all the Sikhs.-PP. According to Prachin Panth Prakash Ahmad Shah got him killed.] tJTc5' [hathol, <J"3' [hathJ] adjresolute, persistent. tJTir [haq] n bone. "haq mas nari ko pfjar." -sor ravrdas. ~ [haqsan] W.S.R Hodson was son of clergyman George Hodson. He was born in England on 19th March 1821. He was recru ited in the army and fought against Sikhs at places like Mudki and Sabraon. Charged with the stigma of dishonesty, he was discharged from the army. During the mutiny of 1857, his services were appreciated and he was appointed an officer in the ca1valry. It was named Hodson Horse. Hodson was a very cruel person. He arrested Bahadur Shah, king of Delhi along with his sons, from the mausoleum of Humayun and disgraced himselfby killing the princes. Hodson was killed during an attack on Begum Kothi in Lucknow on 11 th March, 1858. ij ' iilla'301 [haqphorni] body ache. Due to fatigue or a disease such as fever, ache is felt in the bones, as if they were getting broken. th 'ijT$T [haqa] a Rajput clan. In the 156 generation of Chauhan dynasty, there was a
'This version of Prachin Panth Prakash is true.

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majestic raja name Bhanuraj. He was a great nothing but a loss. worshipper of Durga. Once during a hunting tJT3' [hat] See U3". Skt (iRf. abondoned. 2 worth expedition, demon Gabhir devoured Bhanuraj. abandoning, worth foregoing. "bIn nam nanak After collecting his bones, Durga revived hat."-kan m 5. 3 A ..:.,.~ bring, give. Bhanuraj with her powers and named him ~ [hatak] adjwho destroys; who obliterates. Hada. The pedigree beginning from Bhanuraj "a11Ik bhat ke patak hatak."-GPS. is known as Hada to which Maharaja Bundi ~ [hatam] short for ~. belonged. (See }j d1d'le l (') ftr3" ftfa1c? fu:r) "gae,ta tJT3T [hata] A ,.1.(.,1 enclosure; fenced area. calf na hae,ta cal hL"-VN. 'A pitched pillar 2 division ofa country. 3 See U3". Muslims from may move but a raj put does not move away the hills who carry loads and split firewood from the battlefield.' "hae,ta alam c;")d hL"are also called hatas. EG. 2 a menial caste in district Kangra. ~ [hatIph] A ...;j~ n a prophesying angel. ~ [hada] n a cooking vessel. 2 a subcaste tJTfuH [hatIm] A ((., adj who judges. of Khatris, who do not eat meat and consider ~ [hatImtai] an Arab chief of Tai descent who was very prudent, benevolent and Sheikh Farid as their lineal spiritual guide. m [hae,ti] wife of Hada; a Rajput woman. pious. He lived before Prophet Mohammad "tab hae,ti patI s6 naru jari."-GJrItr 195. 2 adj was born. His benign book of sermons has one having weakness for sucking bones and been translated into many languages, including Persian, Urdu, English etc. eating meat. ~ [hae,ti] Skt ~ and ""~ n a wide- tJT3' [hate] were destroyed. See U3". "kotI dokh mouthed earthen cooking vessel. "kubhar ke roga prabhu drISatI tuhari hate."-dev ill 5. ghar hae,ti achf."-toc;fi namdev. 2 plural of<J13T. ~ ~ Jfar3" [hae,ti vali s;")gat] See 'l'?i"11::fo. ~ [hatri] Skt ~ adj who steals. 2 who takes away. 3 See ifor. ~ [hae,th1).aJ, ~ [hae,than] v move. See CJTS" [hath] n hand. "satIguru kae,thIlie de ~. "dah dISI calI calI hae,the."-gau m 4. "karE nid bahu joni hane,thE."-g5c;f ravIdas. hath."-kan m 4. oar. "na tulha na hath."--var illCJla ill I. 3 rudder, helm. 4 depth, extent. "joni hae,thif."-var ram 2 m 5. ~ [ha1).] See tJl"fu" and (JTO. "SU1).IE hath hOVE asgahu. "-jCJpu. ~ [ha1).at] Skt <ftC'l"3"r n dearth, paucity, 'Immeasurable gets measurable.' "ham inferiority. 2 loss. "ha1).at kade na hOI."-var e,thue,thI rahe pai nahi hath."-kan m 4. U"a" tRJ?jT [hath carnal, U"a";::r;ror [hath carnal v bIha m 3. 3 A ..::r~' contempt, insult. tJTfc!" [ha1).I], <JTit [ha1).i] Skt <:JTfo n loss, harm. See <Ja" ;::r;ror. "hath cano han thoka."-guj "par gharu johE ha1).e ha1).I."-sIdhgosatI. 'It m5. is pure and simple a loss.' "mulu ja1).I gala U"a" 1JT6OT [hath 4arna], (JTl:f ~ [hath e,talna] v interfere. 2 lay hand on. 3 lay hand upon a kare ha1).I laI ha1).u."--var majll m 2. 'persons of the same age; equal in age.' 2 Skt tfTWi't. of woman for adultery. "tf' muhI e,tara hath batEh6. "-CdrItr 266. the same age. "nav ha1).I nav dhan sabadI ~ [hathdena] v help, come to one's rescue. jagi, ap1).e pIr bhaia."~bIla chat m 1. "hath deI rakhe parmesdn."-guj ill 5. ~ [ha1).u] See tJTfu". CJTS" 1..I'Jl'T6'<!T [hath pasar1).a] v extend hand. ~ [ha1).eha1).u] See tJl"fu". 2 Skt tP?5": <:JTfo:

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2 beg. 3 dare to oppress. "hath p~sarI s~kE ko j~n ko?"-brla kabir. tJT'6' ~ [hath p~chorna], ~r ~;mr [hath p~chornal v repent, regret. "hath p~chorahI SIr dh~r~nI l~gahI."-bhEr m 5. "hath p~chop: SIrI dhunE."-trl.'lg m 1. tJT'6' 'ffiI1'TOT [hath l~ganal 11 show one's physical might. 2 plunder one's wealth. 3 warn and punish. "mG<;l ko muq utar dIyO, ~b caq ko hath l~gav~t caqi."-caqi 3. tJTa'l'W [hathalal n bottom, measure, extent. "sag~r gUIJ.i ~thah, kIn hathala dekhiE?"-var maru 1 m 1. 2 hand, palm. UTfir [hathIl in hand. "hathI tISE kE nabera." -maru solhe m 5. 'The decision lies with the Creator.' 2 See rn. 'ij'1"lft [hathil Skt"ilflJ, one having a trunk. "k~ha bh~IO d~rI badhe hathi?"-dhana namdev. In Rajputana's Dingal dialect, the following different names are assigned to elephants according to their age An elephant of five years age is bal ten years age is bot twenty years age is bIkk thirty years age is k~l~bh 2 arm, which carries a hand. "guru hathi dE nIklavEgo."-kan a ill 4. "'sasar sag~r te kaQhu, de hathi."-vaq m 5. ~ [had~r 1A ?t.. present, existing, at hand. "had~r hot jaha sImre."--GPS ~ ~ [had~r h~dur], ~or <Jffu [hadra h~durI] See <JiHd<Jj;ld. 2 nearby.. "gaVE ko vekhE hadra h~duri."-japv. urfew [hadIsa] A ~-'''' accident, incident, event. ~ [hadi] A JJ~ adj one who gives instruction; instructor. 2 n religious preacher, spiritual guide. 3 arrow. urit [hadho] happens. "gurmati sudh hadho."

-kan m 4 partal. [han] Skt n abandonment. 2 See '(J'TtiJ('). "han bIkhE jeu jvan hute."-krrsan. 'who were of the same age.' (JT03' [han~tl insult, contempt, disrespect. See tJ1B 3. "hanat kahyo nabi ki k~ri."-carrtr99. 'ijTfo [ham], tJTo'T [hanil See c:JTf<y. urfeR [hafIjl A j;j", adjone who has memorised some scripture. 2 This word is especially used for persons who remember the holy Koran by heart. 3 a famous poet ofPersia who composed a sublime book of poetry. He died in 1389 AD at Shiraz, where stands his mausoleum. Many people call blind persons by this name, the reason being that they learn Koran by heart. [hafIja] A ';;t.. n memory; power to memorise. ij'fCiiH'S' [hafIjabad] a principal town of a tehsil in district Gujaranwala. It was founded by Hafiz, a revenue official ofAkbar. Situated to the west of Wazirabad at a distance of twenty kohs, it is an important railway station. Guru Hargobind stayed here on his return from Kashmir. A beautiful hall has been raised there. Since the Sikh rule, forty ghumaons of land from Hafizabad and twenty-eight ghumaons from village Batera are assigned to this gurdwara. A fair is held every year at this place on 15 th of Harh. uratft [habsi] See <Ja"F.it. "bhaje habsi halbi." -kalki. 'Warriors from Habash and Halab fled.' 'iJ'Tfin;r [habIl] See ~. tJlW [hamal n responsibility; showing agreement. 'Yes I am his supporter.' "gur piru hama ta bh~re, ja murdaru n~ khaI."-var majh m 1. "cor ki hama bhare na kOI."-dhana m 1. See
~

rnw

(JT}{t.

~ [hamIll A

Jt.. adj the bearer.

See

'(J').ffi".

UTfi..Iw [hamIlal A j.t.. pregnant. See

'(J').ffi".

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'ij1}ft [hami] A
~

diP supporter. ~ [haraIanu] defeated, subdued. "IkI [hayhu] P Y<L~ n loud noise, loud protest. manmukh karI haraIanU."-var kan m 4. 'ij'T'l;fi') [hayan] Skt n year. "ek dOI hayan me urfa' [han 1having been defeated, having been kijIye sucet so."-NP. 2 rice; paddy. 3 flame routed. "tIn jamu nep na aVE gursabadu offire. kamavE, kabahu na avahI harI jiu." ~ [harIo], <:Jl'funr' [harIa] adjwas defeated. ~ [hayaI] A J:iP adj interrupter, disrupter. 2 discoloured. "bhrIt mIt put pathaI, raja atI 2 was exhausted. hayal bhayo." -carItr 114. 3 A J:~ horrible, c:rrfatr [harIj] A [;;.11.> interrupter. terrifying, fearful ~ [hari] Skt n act of losing in gambling etc; 'ij'I'ij' [har] n defeat. See ~. "ran har nIhar defeat, reversal. 2 a group of pilgrims, horde bhae bal rite. "-cacji 1. 2 Skt garland. "har <;lor of visitors. 3 pearl. 4 Skt ~, adj carrier. ras pat patabar."-tukhari bara11mah. 3 adj S thief. 6 garlanded person. 7 charming, carrier, bearer. "ram bhagat ke panihar."-g5cj enchanting. "jInI die bhrat put hari."-ram a m 5. 4 suf having; owning. "dekhega m 5. Here the word hari is perhaps a transformation ofhara See 'UaT6. 8 fire, which deval).har."-sohrla. See ~ t!T 18. is the carrier of sacrifice to gods. 9 suf ~ [harai] gets defeated, meets with defeat. 2 a garland is like a rosary. "namu nIdhanu capable. "prema bhagatI upavanhari, hari rIdE UrI harai."-sava m 5. nfdak brfdan dah."-GPS. fire to burn a lJTa' [har sfgar] Skt Em: '1I~TJn: n L vilifier. 10 S ploughman, cultivator: Nyctanthes arbortristis; a tree which bears 'Ul'g [haru] See 'ij'I'ij'. white fragrant flowers; its twigs are ofgolden ~ [haru] adj abductor; thief. "manharu." hue and are used for colouring clothes. See -GPs. enchanting, fascinating. a?i1-f1'W. 2 adornment with a garland. ~ [haru] A dj.l~ Aaron; elder brother of ~ [harak] Skt adj thief. 2 carrier. prophet Moses. He used to carry out his orders and was his deputy. 3 destroyer. 'ij'I'ij' ~ ww ft:rQ' [har juar jua bIdhe]-gau 2 maternal uncle of Lord Christ, brother m 5. 'like a gambler's defeat in gambling.' of Mary. He was son of Imran from Hannah. Some scholars are of the view that Harun was tJTa<!T [harl).a] get defeated, be defeated. 2 loss not a real brother of Mary, but was her pious of strength. ~ [harad] Skt <JTe' adj related to the heart or soul brother. the mind. 2 n love, affection. 3 emotion, 3 A Harun of Abhas dynasty (~)ldj.lP was the fifth Caliph. He was born on the 20 th feeling. CJTQ1? [haral] Pkt lame, lameness. "harI han of March 763 AD. He succeeded as caliph in haral ki lakri jya pritI hE." -alJkar sagar sudha. 786 AD at Baghdad upon the death of his father Mehdi. He was a majestic king. He died tJ'TaT [hara] adj defeated, subdued. "karat pap ab hara." -jet m 9. 2 suf capabIe. "sadal).hara in Khurasan on the 24 th March 809 AD. His mausoleum is in Tus (Mash had). sImrir."-sohrla. 3 Skt ~ n a drumIn the 16 th chapter of the latter half of shaped earthen vessel in which dung cakes Nanak Prakash, Bhai Santokh Singh has are burnt and milk, green vegetable and khIqi mentioned Harun as brother of Karun which etc are cooked.

mClf'O

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is incorrect. Even otherwise the story ofKarun is fictitious. See~. ~ [harut] See GfuF.r3r. 'U' [harun] See ~. ~ [haro] See <::JTaT. 2 defeated. "jito bUQE haro tar." -bher kabir. ~ [hal] A Jl.: n present time. 2 love. "bhae galtan hal."-nat m 4 partal. 3 state, situation. "harI bIsrat hovat eh hal. "-gau thIti m 5. "anbolat hi janahu hal."-bIla m 5. 4 ecstasy of love, in which one loses control over his body. "khebt khelat hal karI."-s kabir. 5 description, narration. "banavE grath hal h."-krrscm. 6 short for darhal; urgently. ~ '[l? [hal hull n loud noise. 2 commotion. ~ ~ [hal cal] See~. 2 condition, mood, behaviour. "us da ki hal cal hE?"-prov. ~ [halat] A ...:J(., n condition. ~ [halbi] adj of or pertaining to Halab. See

tJTaFft.
[hala] n revenue or tax per plough. "pac sIkdara pace magahI hala. "~suhi kdbir. 2 SkI liquor. "pIy ek hala guh ek mala." -ramcJdrIka. "hala sevan jIH kari kal nImatraI). din, sukh sampad ko khoikE at bhae atI din." 3 A IJ(" adv just now. "karh6 nahI Qhil deu pat hala."-krrsan. 4 P j~ halo, a circle of illumination around the sun and the moon. ~ [halahal] See ~. 'tJ'l'W [hala Qol] n commotion.. "hala Qol parat kuber hu ke ghar me."-52 Poets. U'H'fl:tif [halaprIY] Skt adj addicted to liquor. 2 n Balram, elder brother ofKrishan, who was addicted to liquor. "hali madIra pit-tho." -krIsan. 'ij'11ift [hali] P J(" adj of or pertaining to the present. 2 n a rupee coin ofNizam Hydrabad, which is four ratties short ofthe English rupee and is in circulation in Nizam's kingdom for
'tJ'l'W

fourteen annas. 3 a poet of Urdu, who followed the footprints of Mohammad Hussain Azad and was in favour of writing poetry in spontaneous vein. 4Skt ploughman, cultivator. "man hali kIrSaI).i karni."-sor mI. ~ [hav] SkI n evocatiion, act of evoking. 2 In poetics, longing manifest in bodyparts expressive of feelings of the heart. "hav paraspar duhuan bhayo."-carrtr 367. See OFf. ~ [havan] P (;),~ n mortar. n a stone or wooden mortar for pounding grain. ~ 'elf [havan dasta] pestle and mortar. ~ ~ [hay bhav] See ~ and ~. ~ [hava] n sigh. 2 repentance, remorse. "jItu vela vIsarahI ta lagE hava."-vdd m 5. 3 separation. "sa dhanu dublia jiu pIr kE hav."-gdu chat m 1. ~ [havai] n which flies in the air; firework. See ~. "jEse havai chIn VIC asman nO car jadi h."-JSBB. 2 adj just as air. "akhi mit gaIa havai."-BG. ~ [havi] A "",[.,. overwhelming, overpowering. 2 apprehender, controller. ~ [have], ~ [havE] plural of~. "tIn kade lla cukanI have."-var ram 2 m 5. 2 due to sighing or repentance. "nid na aVE hav." -bIla m 5 pdrtal. ur;r [hal'] n sound produced by the dead in a battlefield. See (J;f 3. 2 fourth month of the Bikrami era. 3 flood. See ". 4 See ~. 'tJT37iT [harna] v estimate, assess. 'C]'l';it [hari] n winter crop. 2 a subcaste of Jatts who are residents of Jind state. ~ [haru] a devotee of Guru Arjan Dev. He belonged to Vij subcaste. 2 See ~. 3 one who makes an estimate. 4 will make an estimate. ur;far [haraba] the land surrounding Magahar. See }f(ffi)Q. "harI ka sat marE harabE ta sagli SEn tarai." -asa kabir.

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~ [harabE] in Harhmba, in Magahar. See

~ and l-l'Ol'<J"O.

te nClhi chuti."-sar pClrman5d. 2 tormenting.

fuJ:rrlr [hIsab] A ",:,",l? n calculation,

computation, addition. fJ1:rg [hfsaru] Skt animal killer. 2 lion. ffiw [hIssa] A ~ part, portion, share. ffii:r [hfsrCl] SkI adjtormentor, killer. 2 n animal like a lion. 3 See titi=r. fclij()I()1 [hIhnana] v neigh. "hInnavClt bClhu phUClhI turag."-GPs. ~ [hIhnari] n neighing. ~ [hIhnav] n neighing. "pun uce hIhnav sunava."-GPs. m [hIk] See fflor. 2 In Sindhi and western Punjabi it is ft:Jg. In Dingal it is ~. "je qekhE hIk var."-var maru 2 m 1. iJ fbfa" [hIk dli hIkr] one after another. "hIk du hIkI car."-jet ch5t m 5. ~ [hIkni] some have. "hIkni ICldIa hIkr lCldI gCle."-maru am 1. fuorH3' [hIkmClt], fuc;n..rf'o [hIkmatI] A ~ n wisdom, sagacity, erudition. "murClkh paqIt hIkmCltI hujCltI."-Var asa. 2 art of healing. fual.r3t [hIkmClti] adjwise, skilled, ingenious. ~ [hIkayClt] See ~ and <JO:T1Jf3'. fu'f [hIkIl indefinite pronoun; several, so many, numerous. See fuao't. fu'cg [hIku] See 'fu'q. 2 "hIku sevi hIku samla."-var jEt. ft:ra' [hIko] the only one. "hIko mEqa tu dha:r:ti." -asa a m 1. ~ [hIkk] n chest. 2 Skt ~ vr torment; give out a sound resembling a hiccup. mw [lukka] See f<JtJoIT. 2 It is also a transformation of~. only one. See ~. roar [hig] SkI ~ L Femia Asafoetida. Its effect is hot and moist. Asafoetida helps in digestion. It is anti phlegmatic, antiflatulent. It is also used in cooking pulses and vegetables and is put as a spice in small cakes ofgrounded pulse.

[harh] See fl;:IT;f. [harhu] produced in the month of Harh. fu[hI] Sktvr go, inspire, send, feel distressed, grow. 2 part determination, faith. 3 cause. 4 fu denotes the end of a word, and indicates ~ (existence). "kI CltapClhI, kr ClthapClhI."~ gyan. 5 in old Punjabi it gives the sound of dulaia [E] as Rtlfuin place ofHlt, ~ in place of em etc. 6 at the end of the word it also gives the meaning of the second and seventh declensions. as "jISClhI jClgaI pian Ihu rClSU. "-sollIla. after awakening whom. "mClnClhI nCl kijE rosu."-ram namdev. 'One should not feel any regret.' fu>,r [hICl], fuIr [hIa] Skt ~ n mind. fufT [hIa] See fuIr and ClJIi'. ~ [hIau] n mind. "tClpE hIaU jiClra bIl laI."-dh,ma m 1. "hIau nCl thahe kClhi da." -s farid. See 'iJlilT. fufTfu [hIaI] See ~ and 'iJlilT. 2 earnestly. "bIn jIhva jo jClpE hIaI."-mala m 1. "hiaI kClmaI dhIaIa."-var manl 2 m 5. funrr'w [hI ala] mind as temple. "bClsE rClb hIali."-s farid. "ghCltI ghCltI ramu hIali." -maru am 5 {'}juli. 'In the mind of each and in every body puts up the Supreme. ~ [hIaliE] in the temple of the mind. See ft:rIrw. fuJ:r [hIS] A Lfl n sense of touch; touch. ffi1:r [hIS] Skt ~ vr kill, torment, torture. [hfsClk] Skt adj violent killer who obliterates breathing from the body. [hfsClt] neighing. "hfsClt hE hayraj hCljare."-akal. 2 adjkilled. ftii;o [hisCln] horse's neighing. 2 Skt n killing, murder. fumf [hIsam] n part, portion. See fm:rr. row [hisa] Skt n killing, murder. "hisa tClU mCln

ur;r ur;r

ro'R'Ci

roJl"3'

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689

sugarcane with teeth and suck its juice, to heat sugar candy, to put five or ten drops of the palate of the goddess had fallen. A temple eucalyptus oil on it and then eat it, to drink saline water, to lick milk cream mixed with of the goddess stands on the bank of Hingol honey, to take in lemonjuice mixed with black river l in Lasabela state on the top ofHingula salt and honey, to grind rind ofsoap nut in water mountain located on the Mekran coast. According to Todd, it takes nine days to reach and use it as snuff, to lick powdered liquorice Hinglaj from Thhatta which is at a distance of mixed with honey and to inhale smoke nine miles from the seacoast. emanating from a mixture of asafoetida and fflqr [hfgu] See fflar. black gram flour put on burning coals. ~ [hfgul] Skt ~ n connabar. ~ [hIcDa] See fu"'8CXi'iT. ftTQrw [hfgula], fSenM'H [hfgulaj] See ~. fumr [hIjar] A )." n separation. "hfglajjagmat ko rahE dehura ek."-G~rItr165. fc:rR"a3" [hIjrat] A .:;.,fi migration; exodus. ftfQf~ [hfgulia] adj resident of Hinglat; fu"troT [hIjri] adj who migrates. See f'uRo. Durga, the goddess. See m-dTWH". 2 See fut:ral RO. fu1r [hf!)]' ~ [hf!)u] See f~. "rahi su beri futral RO [hIjri san] Muslim era which began with the migration ofprophet Mohammad from hf!)u di gai kathuri gadh."-s farid. i.e. hfg as sensuality remained entrenched. Mecca on 15 th July 622 AD. See~. futr [hIC] n hesitation, hitch. "hIcahI ta prem fut:n;ft [hIjli], ftlHMlaea [hIjlibadar] an old town ke chabak marau." -gau kabir. Hijli situated on the estuary ofRasulpur river. ft:recfor [hIcakna] v hesitate. See futr. Once it used to be an important base for ftRrcit [hICki] Skt~. hiccup. It is caused by mercantile ships. "hIjli badar ko rahE baniraI overeating and taking in rotten, sticky and stale nares."-carI tr 140. food. Unnecessary and frequent eating, fui::rlr [hIjab] A ":'"'~ n veil, privacy. exposure to smoke and dust and an upset row [hIjjaJ, fUR [hIjje] A If combining stomach due to hunger also lead to hiccup. characters to form a word; spelling a word. Wind from the gullet, mixed with breathing, fuotut [hIthaha] adv downwards. puts a drag upon the liver and the intestines to fmr [hfq,] obstinacy. Skt~vr go astray; insult; produce the sound ofhiecough. It is this sound Ignore. that is called hICk. If it affects children and ~ [hIq,ki] See ftJBl5it. persons of robust health, one need not worry, ftfit [hfq,i] obstinate. 2 Skt goddess Durga. but if it affects the old and the disease-ridden ~ [hfq,uk] Skt Shiv, Mahadev. persons, then it becomes a serious problem. ftiTa" [hfq,ur] See (]. According to Ayurved, hiccup is of five types ~ [hfq,ol] Skt lFcffi;r n swing. 2 palanquin. i.e. aja, yamla, k~udra, gabhira and mahati. 3 one from amongst six principal rags. It is a The usual measures adopted for its pacam dJrav rag of kalyaD that. rI~abh and treatment are these: gadhar are not permitted. dhEvat is primary To hold breath for a short while, to crush note and gadhar is secondary one. ~araj gadhar, dhEvat and nI~ad are pure and IThis river is also known as Agor. "morag agor maddham is sharp. Singing time is the first naypalbhit."~kalki.'People residing on the bank ofAgor.'
~ [hfglaj] Skt~, It is a place where

ftfarw [hfgla] See f<j'-qrw.

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hfdustanda
puraI).a n~k~a

loh
kaboj

S <:

=r H

QJI ....

lumalay pahar

pa!;lCImodadhI

mahodadhI

MAP OF HINDUSTAN

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fJ~RSii'l

FJeoeiil [hfdvaI,li] Hindu lady. "jatI saI).atihon

hfdvaI).ia."-trlag m 1. 2 pertaining to India. 3 pertaining to Hinduism. fcf~ [hfdvana] See fJ~~. 2 P ~1,.k1 n water melon. n See~. "kopyo IE knpan balvan $ri gobfd sfgh mare cun khan lutth roli rav rana ki, QakIni QakarE J pukarE pOj pretan ke khopri khavis khat mugal pathana ki, kahIt pratap sfgh mOQ badh gajkhal ladyo s;')bhu bEl kahfi sobha va thIkana ki, nadi ke kInara pE garib e becara kou, jat banjara lie gonI hfdvana ki." ~ [hfdvi] adjofIndia. 2 sword ofIndia. "katI yamani hf dvi." -s~nama. 'sword of India.' fue"rti:r3" [hIdayat] See ~. ftfe'rlir [hfdalJ See ~. 2 See f(')Ji'"l(')1il. fJe l (\)1i! [hfdalie] See foffi:rflt. fthft [hfdi] resident of India. 2 of or relating to India. 3 Devnagari script. 4 a language used in UP. It is closely related to Sanskrit. 5 sword ofIndia. 6 Persian writers have used the word Hindi in place of Sindhi. ~ [hfdu] See fJ~. 2 fore:ign writers have mentioned river Sindh as Hind. fJtRd'o [hfdustan]~! [hfdustanu] the place where Hindus reside;. a country which is especially populated by Hindus. So many names have been assigned to it, such as Aryavarat, Bharat etc. Hidustan is surrounded by Himalaya and the ocean. Lengthwise it is 1900 miles while its breadth is 1500 miles. Total area is 1,805,332 square miles. 1,094, 300 square miles of it is British territory while the remaining area is under the: control of native states. The number of large and small native states put together comes to 666. Nine parts of the population of Hindustan is rural while one part is urban. There are 2,316 cities, out ofwhich 31 are metropolitan, with population

of more than one lac each. The total number ofvillages is 685,665. Hindustan is fifteen times larger than Great Britain. If USSR is excluded from Europe, then the rest of its area is equal to that of Hindustan. According to the 1921 census, Hindustan's total population is 318,,475,480 (247,003,293 in British territory and 71,939,187 in the native states). But ofthis population, 163,995,554 is male and 154,946,926 is female. Religion wise the number is as foHows:4,754,000 Christians Sikhs 3,229,000 Hindus 216,735,000 Jains 1,178,000 Parsees 102,000 Tribals 9,775,000 Bodhs 11,571,000 Muslims 68,735,000 Jews 22,000 The total number of widows in Hindustan is 20,250,075. In other words there are 175 widows for 1000 women. A total of 222 languages are spoken in India. The important languages and the number of their speakers are given below:Hindi (western Hindi) 96,714,000 Kanari (kanrhi) 10,374,000 Gujarati 9,552,000 Tamil 18,780,000 Telgu 23,601,000 Punjabi 16,234,000 Western Punjabi 5,652,000 Bengali 49,294,000 Brahmi 8,423,000 Marhati 18,798,000 Rajsthani 12,681,000 The administration is under the control of the Viceroy. There are two councils for

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managing its affairs. One is the Council of State while the other is Legislative Assembly. There are fifteen provincial governments under the central government. These are governed by their respective governors. Provincial governments are of dual nature. One is the real council, which controls some important departments, while the other consists oftwo or three ministers, who arc answerable to the legal council. ~ [hfdu] ancient people residing around river Sindh were called Aryans. Foreign writers have termed them as Hindus. Now this word is used for all the inhabitants of India. 2 practitioners ofVedic religion. So far nobody has been able to provide a flawless definition 'of the term Hindu. Hence it is also beyond our competence to do so. However a Hindu is regarded as one who has faith in four castes of the society, takes Veds as scritpures and does not eat beef. I "na ham hi du na musalman."-bl1E'r m 5. 3 Arabic and Persian poets have used this term for a thief, a slave and a black person. Numerous poets have used the word Hindu for a black mole. ~ [hfduana] ad} in the style of a Hindu. 2 of or pertaining to a Hindu. 3 n Hindu society. ~ [hfduku$] a mountain in the northwest of Hindustan, situated on the border of Afghanistan. Its height is 20,000 feet. Once several Hindustani people died here due to snowfall, hence its name Hindukush. ~ [hfdupati] a title of the Maharana of Udaypuf. Being Reghuvanshi, Udaypur dynasty is respected in the entire Rajputana.
11'0

Poet Bhushan has also mentioned Shivaji as I-lindupati. FJeHd'i'l [hfdostan] See ~ [hfdol] See ~. ~ [hIndkna] See ~. ~ thIn-nat] neighing. See ~ and

mFf3l7i.

~.

fuor [hIla] See

fiJ(i';ltid'

~.

m}f3'

[hIphajat] A ..:;.J5lk supervIsIon. 2 protection, safety. fua'r [hIba] A ~ gift. fuH [hIm] Skt n snow. 2 winter season. 3 sandal. 4 camphor. 5 ad} cold, cool. fut.rcrQ [hImkar] Skt n moon. 2 camphor. 3 winter season; duration ofMaghar and Poh. In acomposition ofGuru Arjan in rag Ramkali under the title 'sr3t' sIsiar (~) is written in place of hImbr and hImkdr is attributed to the months ofMagh and Phagun as-"hImkdr rutI mall I bhavti maghu phagaDu gUDv;'it jiu." ilnd "rutI sIsiar sital han pragte m;'ighdr POhI jiu."-ram ruti m 5. 2 fillr~ [hIInkut], fuHfurfu [hImgIn] n mountain of snow. Himalay. See ill@'z. [himat] A ~ n intention, resolve, determination. 2 courage, persistence. "vedahG char VIcarat bat puran athardhI ag me dharE, rag te adI jIti caturai "sujan" kahE sabh yaln ke larE, cItrahG ap lIkhE samjhE kavItan ki ritI me varta parE, hinta hoy ju hfmat ki tu prabinta IE kah5 kup me c;larE." 3 concern. 4 a Rajput warrior who finds mention in the eleventh chapter of Vichitar Natak.
but this is not correct. Sec fRfJ:ra" and fuH. I1ere ~ means onc that givcs coolness.

keep them within their fold. some writers describe

2Some ignorant writers ascribe it to the error of the scribe,

Jains as those whc believe in predestination and burn their dead bodies.

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2 son of crown prince Sardul Singh, grandson of Baba Ala Singh, raja of Patiala and elder brother ofrajaAmar Singh. He died in Sammat 1831 (1774 AD). fm.fqa' [hImdhar] bearer of snow, Himalay. fuM ~ [hIm ntu], fuH g3' [hIm rut] ~. season of snowfall; period of Maghar Poh. ~ [hImv5t] Himalay, the house of snow. 2 the mountain that lies between Kalkut and Gandhmadan. It is also a part of Himalay. See ~. fuw [hIma] Skt n snow. "hIma si hImalE." -dkal. ful.Irfuo [hImaIt] See iJ}fT1jf:3'. fuHilI [hImasu] Skt fuHiB' n rays of which are cool, the moon. 2 camphor. 'fuHrcl3' [hImakdt] A ..:;;i17 n folly, foolishness. 'fuHrtffi [hImacdl], ~ [hImadn], r~T [hImadri] an immovable mountain of snow. On the northern side ofInciia aud inbetween Tibet and India, a huge montainous mass of snow. It is the highest in the world. Its peak is 29,002 feet in height. 2 ~+nfR..adjpertaining to Himalaya. Shiv. "rijhat hImadn P021t sis." -kdlki. fuwH 'elf [hImam dasta] P .=--"' (;!J~. pestle and mortar. ft:n.frl;ror [hI malay], fuJ..rrc? [hImala], ~ [hIma1E:], ftn-ftlC? [hIm5cal] See fuJ..rm;;. ~ [hIm5bar] heap ofsnow, an agglomerate of snow. 2 wind that melts and removes snow. -Sdnama. fu>.fatfa' [hImaban] son of the wind, Bhimsen. -Sd:Iama. See ~ 2. ffi1..ro fi:fur [hImmat sIgh] See l1;:r ~. futn [hIy], f<:n:;ror [hIyra], f'<:rGfT [hIya] Skt ~ n ,nind, heart, conscience. fuW [hIya] adv here, at this place. ~ [hIyau] Yl mind, heart. "hIau sabhIn

fJJ..Ia" fl:fur [hfmat sIgh]

Se(~

l1;:r

~.

ka qaryo."-krTsdn. See

<::JW.

fua' [hIT] See funr. 2 See

"hIrahI pardarabu udar kE tai."~gdu thrti m 5. 'steals the wealth of other people.' "jIsu pekhat kIlvIkh huahI."-sri m 5. 'Sins vanish.' fuaJ:r [huas] A IJ.x yearning, craving, greed. 2 fondness. 3 desire, inclination. ftre1:ft [husi] ad; ambitious, greedy. ~ [huaq], fu~ [luraqu] See ~~. "huaq palas sagI han buhia."-brla d m 4. "cadan nIkatI vaSE huaqu bapura."-g5<;i m 4. ~ [hua.Q.] deer, stag, skeleton. 2 stealing. See~. "pardarab hU.Q.a."-sdhdS m 5. 3 See
~.
Fdd<!dldiiS

~.

[hIra.Q.garabh] See f<JQ"i'iJI'iIToel. "hua.Q.garabh atam CIt cin."-GPs. Fdd<!d'C:: [hua.Q.:rat] n king of the deer, lion. 2 lord of the deer, moon. Fdd<!ij'<::iiSdli'l1 [hua.Q.ratbhagni] n sister of the moon - Chandrbhaga river.-s;:mama. ~ [hu.Q.a] See <:Kl<'!' stealing. "huahI par darabu udar kE tai."-gdu thrti m 5. 2 gold. "kesar kusam mIrgamE hU.Q.a, sarabh sariri carna."-trlag m 1. 'When touched, saffron, flower, musk and gold do not get defiled.' ft:Rrc!:;r [hua.Q.y] Skt n gold. 2 dhatura, thornapple. 3 wealth. 4 silver. 5 cowrie. fua<!OIlOlfHY' [hu.Q.yakas I pu] See f:f<J'-a:r:>('i'-'arrA'rrAl::f. f(Jij<!:I!chr [hIn:tyakef?] Skt adj one having golden hair. 2 n Vishnu. fclij<!OIldlij!!j [hu~lyagarabh] See f<Jd('iJidl@. fclij<!:III6'i( [hu.Q.yakaf?] See <:JO(!l::f and ~. fmJ3' [huat] steals. See ~. "jIu cor huat nIs5g. "-brla a m 5. 2 Skt ~. adj stolen, robbed. "maraI huat sasar."-CdU m 5. 'the robbed world (the duped world) is vanishing.' ftR!3' [hIrte] adv stealing, robbing. "kahu bIhaVE jiaIh hute."-ram d m 3. 2 killing, murdering. ~ [hIrday], f<:rd"tT [lurda] Skt ~ n

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conscience, mind, heart. "huda sudh brahamu bicarE."-gaum 5.2 one residing in conscience - the transcendent One. See ~ar ~. "hrIdyaya tasmat hrIdya." "hudE rIdE nIhal."-varmajh m 1. 'Find the Creator within your conscience.' 3 chest. "jEse ac;lo hude mahI."-mali m 5. 'as a bird broods the eggs under its chest.' ft:RreT firer [h uda rr da] See ft:RreT 2. ~ [hudEkamalu] mind in the form of a lotus. "hudE kamalu pragasIa."-sri m 3. ftrao" [huan] See ~. fudoaRY [hunakasapu] Skt f%{UjCfl~I~ one wearing a golden dress; a demon who was son ofKashyap from Diti. He was elder brother of Harnakhas. According to Mahabharat and Purans, he was father of Prahlad. Narsingh Bhagwan killed him. ftrao" citro [huan kac;m] See ~ and citro. Where these two words are used side by side, there the former stands for silver and the latter means gold. ~ [huankhac;l] Skt ~ \8U6. according to Bhagwat, a region of Jambu island, mentioned as golden land. "pahuce huankh;}c;l me jai."-NP fudodldB [huangarabhl See f(J<:!OJtdl<:!i3. ft:Rror&r [hunach] See ~ and ~. fuao't [huni] See ~. 'fu'aQ [huanu] See~. "loha huanu hOVE S;}gI paras."-kan am 4. fudOOlidlij!!J [hunyagarabh] Skt~adj born from a golden egg. 2 n according to Rig Ved at first there was Hiranyagarabh. He was the lord of all living beings, pillar of the sky and the earth, creator of body and soul, top most amongst the gods and bestower ofsoul to all the beings. 3 According to Manu, Hiranyagarabh is Brahma who was illuminator as the sun and in the beginning was born from a golden egg. After spending a year in the egg, according to his own sweet will, he, divided it into two parts - one the heaven and other the earth. 4 the abstract and the concrete. 5 the Creator, the supreme Soul. fiJijo:iiiil [hunyak~] See ua<!Cf and ~. ft:Ja'cs [huphat] A ":;',?- n vocation, profession. 2 craftsmanship. fuamft [humaci], fum.ffiT [humaji] A tJ)'/i dust of red hue used for colouring floor, wall etc; cochineal. ~ [huaIa] got robbed, got depossessed. 2 astonished. "herat herat sabhE hiraIa." -tansukh. ft:ra'rt [hI rae] See ~. "kan pharaI huae tuka." -prabha am 1. 'Having turned a yogi, he asks for alms; disciples beg food and take it to the guru. ' ftrerJ:r [huas] P vI;< n fear, dread. "her aj ko j;}g huasa."-GPs. 2 See ifQTA". FudlRd [huasat] A ..:..v-'f.7 supervision. 2 protection. ~ fi:'ao [huasul phIkan] See fuao. ftra"ra" [huat] is robbed. See fqo. 2 robs, steals. 3 a region ofAfghanistan and a principal town, it is situated 2,500 feet above the sea level. It is known for hides and silk. ~ [huana], f'<:Rro"t [huani], ~ [huano] adj lost. "pl1ji huani banaju tut. "-basJt kabir. 2 robbed. "bahu bIdhI maIa moh huano." -mala m5. fufu [hIrr] SktfI vr take away, steal, rob, copy, give, accumulate, finish, abandon, stop, beat, roll together, insult, oppress, combat, snatch. 2 adv having stolen, having robbed. "hIrr VIt CIt dukhahi."-asa partal m 5. fuFa1r [hUIO], fufu>?fT [huIa] SktffO adjstolen, snatched. FuFao:ii' [huInyo] Short for fCTIf~1J. "hIrrnyo huanachs;} dtH bira."-vE'Tah.

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fa fa M'I('j I
ftlfaMl('jI [hlrIlina] See

697

bdhE hlvdhar.'''-s kabir. in peace of mind, repeating the name of the Creator with every Sdbh ko hUllina."-gau m 9. breath is like putting a stream of cold water ft:Rft>,fr [huia] adj one who takes away; a thief. "pdr kdU huia."-suhi m 5 partal. 'thief of into the vessel to chum curd, for making butter. This way rarefied butter gets thickened and is another man's wealth.' "kanh bd<;1e rdS ke easily collected. hlria." -krIsan. 'fW" [hue] See ~. stole. 2 eliminated. "kotI fdiiiPMGI [hrvaldy], ~ [hlvala], ~ [hI valE] See fu~., "kotr jdU tirdth kdrE tdnu blghdn hue khln mahI."-gau m 5. jo hlvale garE. "'-ram namdev. fc:rij' [hln:] takes away. 2 steals. 3 gets reduced. "labh mIlE tota huE." -gau thIti m future" [hlVEgh;3r] n moon. 2 Himalay. "guru data guru hlvEghdr."-var majh m 1. 5. 4 sees. "h6di kdU dnh6di hUE."-ram m 5. "b<;1a <;1ardt hUE juari."-g5q namdev. 3 i.e. a peaceful soul. M1\i [huJl] See uif~. 2 commotion. 3 a 'fu;flJT [hIrabaJ Skt ~. hI<;1fbi is also correct. She was sister of Hidamb, a demon, mountain in the background of which the whom Bhimsen had killed. In Mahabharat it god (sun) resides. "hfmClt badh hir:>ldl1I h" is mentioned that she was very beautiful. -carrtr 2. 4 army squad. "jEse cir hUJl ko." Bhimsen's son Ghatotkach was born from his -carrtr 103., marriage with her. Ghatotkach showed great ftJ'ffir [hua<;1] See ~ and ~. valour during the battle ofKurukshetar. ftRfo [huan] See ~. tit [hi] part must. 2 only. "nath hi sdhai satna. " ftlai'laHY' [huankdsdpu] S,ee fiJdMHY. -bIla m 5. 3 strange. 4 n mind. "sunr sunI ftld"i'l'SH [huanachds], fiJ"6'<'i"JITS" [huanyach] hi <;1araIa."-suhi m 5 partal. "hdrI kirtan hi See~and~. ft:ra* [hrryo] stolen. 2 snatched. 3 seen. "akhdn trIptavE."-sor m 5. 5 chest. "cdrdnkdmdl hi huyo."-carItr 231. pards."-gau m 5. fuH' [hll] A J'; adj legal, legitimate. 2 See~. ~ [hiu], '6ffi' [hiiJ] n mind. "hiu kio kurbana." ~ [hIlI).a], fm?or [hIlna] v swing, move. -sar m 5. 2 reasoning power, conscience. 2 get used to. "mera mdnu t;mu hdrI sagI "hiu deu sabh tanu man drpdu."-Csar m 5. hIlra."-gau chat m 5. "hIIIO Jr VdSdtU IE tftW [hio], <ilr [hid 1, ~ [hidu 1, ~ [hiardu 1, titnfdT [hidra], ~ [hidro] n mind, conscience. javE."-GPs. "nandk nam ddhar hio." -asa m 5. "bed puran ftn;m [hIldm] A ~ n humbleness, humility. jas gun gavdt tako namu hiE mo dharu re." Words like <JM1H and <JMb.rr are derived from it. -gau m 9. "merE hidrE rdt;mu namu hdrI "fuwa' [hIlak] See UW"a'. ft:Jwli5' [hIlal] A J~ new moon; moon of the bdsIa."-jt m 4. ~ [hidlu] heart's core. See 3(11)'. second day of the lunar month. ~ [hidra] heart, mind. ~ [hIV] Skt fuH. snow. "guru hIV sitdl dgdnI cfl))(T [hia] See i:fP,r. "jia hia pranpdte."-bIla bujhavE."-asa am 1. ~ [hlvghdr] abode of snow, Himalay. chat m 4. 2 courage. [hiI] See i:fP,r. "hie ko pritdm brsarI TId 2 moon. jaI."-kan m 5. ~ [hlvdhar] bearer of snow, Himalay. 2 adj cold stream, stream ofcold water. "pdvdn 'dtR' [his], tifJ:r [hIs] Skt f61:r. a thorny shrub.

Ma-. "rdtdnu granu

mre

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"bIra his ko s~gh<mgh;mo."-GPs. L Coix Barbata. Its hedge is very strong. In jungles which are very dense, animals such as lions and pigs turn these shrubs into their dense or pens. ~ [hik!).aJ v hiccup. 2 n braying. m'ar [illgJ See~. 2 See ft:fqr. "hig lagaI taha uth aVE."-carrtr 193. tiforc!:t" [hlg!).aJ, til<Jror [hignaJ See ~. "nIt uth hasE hlgE marE." -gau kabir. ~ [hlguJ See ftfor. "ba!).ie ke ghar illgu achE." -toeji namdev. tfu:r [hij], ~ [hijraJ, ~ [hijraJ P j:;. eunuch; they make both ends meet by singing and dancing on the occasions of weddings and births of newborn children. "nac<m hij gaI sur racE."-GPS. tfur [hic;l.J Skt ~ vr draw, tear, give vent to one's rage. til1r [hlc;1.J Dg n exertion, running about. ~ [hlc;1.a!).J Dg whirling. 2 wanderer. ~ [hic;l.uJ heart, conscience. 2 Skt ~ vr go. 3 n motion, gait. "bholta!).I bhE manI vaSE heko padharu hic;l.u." -var maru 1 m 1. 'Same is the path and same is the gait, stilI there is fear in one's mind of going astray.' See ~. "tifi [illdEJ Dg runs. 2 n race, rout. m1l [hlc;1.o] Dg swing. ~ [hic;l.ol] See ~. 'dtiw [hic;l.olaJ See fJ~'l? "hic;l.oli cap aia." -asa am 1. 'They came riding in a palanquin.' tit<!" [hi!).J, ~ [hi!).auJ Skt<flo adjcondemned. 2 deficient, less. "dhan rup-hi!). kIChu sak na sfna."-jet var. 3 less, imperfect. "hi!).au nie karau ben~ti."-suhi eMit m 1. ~ [hi!).asyJ Skt ~ is low, is devoid of. "gurm~tr hi!).asy jo prani."-sahas m 5. ~ [hi!).aJ, ~ [hi!).uJ, "ti'li [hl!).OJ, tfti [hi!).;)J See tit<!". 2 adj devoid of. "bhagatIhi!).u kahe jagI a Ia?"-sri a m 3.3 cowardly, timid. "na

koi suru na koi hi!).a. "-ram am 5. "na ko hi!).u nahi ko sura."-gau a m 5. "hi!).;) nicu bUD bUrIaru."-prabha m 1. [hitJ, tilg [hituJ See fu3". "til mera pritamu tum S~gI hitu."-gau m 5, "S~gI na calahI tInI SIU hit."-dhana m 5. 2 adj well wisher, affectionate. "hit moh bhE bharam bhram!).~." -sahas m 5. <flo [hinJ See ~ and titor. tfto'3" [hinatJ, 'dto3"r [hintaJ n loss, lack. 2 meanness. 3 disrespect, insult. "kalu ! mE hinat rnanat ho.';-NP. 'titn;p [hinraJ, 'tit?i;ft [hinri] adj worthless, mean. "hinri jatI meri."-bhEr namdev. titor [hinaJ adj See <flo. "sabh utam kISU akhau hina?"-bas5t a m 1. 'Whom should I call mean?' 2 weak, feeble. "nEni drIstI nahi, tanu hina."-bhEr m 1. tita" [hirJ She was daughter of Chuchak -a Rajput of Sial caste. Her mother's name was Malki. She lived in the town of Jhang, situated on the bank of Chenab (Jhanan) river. J She was married by her parents to Saida of Rangpur (district Muzaffargarh). He was a Jatt of Khera subcaste, but she was in love with Ranjha son of Mauju,2 resident ofTakhat Hazara. Numerous Punjabi poets have penned this love tale in high literary mode. Hir died in Sammat 1510 on hearing the news ofRanjha's death. Her grave is situated at a distance of half a kohs from Jhang. Numerous people offer milk at her grave. "rajha hir bakha!).iE oh pIram pIrati."-BG.

Jhang was founded by Rai SaJ:ia in Sammat 983. Due to the huts of Sial Jatts, it was known as Jhungi Sial. Later on, it came to be known as Jhang Sial.

2The name of Ranjha's father was Muaazudin, also termed Mauju. During the reign ofBahlol Lodhi, Mauju was governor of Takhat Hazara. During the reign of Lodh;s, Hazara was a well populated town.

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._----_._------_._--------,

MAHARAJA HIRA SINGH JI, RULER OF NAHMA

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In Dasam Granth, Hir is mentioned as Menka and Ranjha as Indar. "rajha bhayo sures tahI, bhai menka hir. ya jag me gavat sada sabh kavIkul jas dhir."-carrtr 98. See -aiw. 2 a poet in the court of Guru Gobind Singh. Having listened to the following stanza, the Guru bestowed upon him so much wealth that he needed nothing else from anyone else for the rest of his life. "pas tha<;lho jhagrat jhukat darerE mohI bat na karan pail maha bali bir s6, ESO an bIkat nIkat basE nIsdIn mpat nI~ak sath ghere pher bhir s6, dand kuput! tero maran banyo hE aj karkE salam vIda hUjE kabI hir s6, nataru gobId sIgh vIkal karEge tohI tuk tuk hVE hE ga<;lhe danan ke tir s6." 3 Skt diamond. "gUrI mIliE hir parakha." -jet m 4. 4 Shiv. 5 lion. 6 short for J?Kfkr. "ae sabh brIj hir." (krIsan) 7 a metre also known as hirak characterised by 4 lines, each with 23 matras, two pauses aft:er six matras each, the third at the eleventh thereafter; the first character ofevery line being guru and the end being raga!).: SIS. Example: "saty rahIt, pap grahIt, kruddh cahI t ja11Iye, dhann hin, ag chin, kroddh pin mamye."... -kalki. (b) ga!).Ik metre is a typical characteristic of cfur [hirJ, each line being organised as 511, 115, III, 151, III, SIS. Example: "~ri guru dhar hi caran rIde nar dukh ke hari, hot na bhav me bhramaI). sada rahI mud ko dhari." ... 8P;::t. fire. 'dI'aQ [hirak] Skt n diamond. 2 See cfur 7. 'dtGr [hira] See cfur and macr. "hira namu javehar lalu."-asa a ill 1. 2 This word is also used for the Creator; It stands for a high quality diamond

mar

not affected by any colour, with its brilliance illuminating everything. "hire karu ades."-ram kabir. 3 soul. "hirE hira bedhI." -asa kabir. 4 a man of sublime qualities. 5 a disciple of Guru Hargobind. He was very brave and he fought fiercely in the battie of Amritsar. 6 Skt tin. Lakshmi, goddess of wealth. 7 ant. 8 short for titnRJr. fi:fur [hira SIgh] son ofPhulvanshi Sardar Sukha Singh, rais ofBadrukhan. He was born on 61h ofPoh Sammat 1900 (l843 AD) to Mai Raj Kaur (daughter of Sardar Basava Singh of Borhavalie). As there was no issue of raja Bhagwan Singh of Nabha, he ascended the throne on Bhadon Sudi 10 Sammat 1928.( lOth ofAugust 1871) Maharaja Hira Singh managed the affairs so efficiently and provided so much relief to the people that his achievement should be an example for other rulers. He was very fond ofeducation. He established numerous schools in the state and liberally gave scholarships to students. He provided great help to Macauliffe in writing his book "Sikh Religion" and put the Khalsa College on firm footing. He spent lacs of rupees on the construction of magnificent buildings in and around the capital and spent huge amounts ofmoney to modernise his army. So far as his personal expenditure went, he was very austere. He~regarded state exchequre as a trust. Daily he took out time for deliveringjustice, and everybody could go to his court without any restriction. On 7th of Magh Sammat 1939 (l8 1h of January 1883) a daughter -Bibi Ripudaman KaurI-was born to queen Parmeshvar Kaur

IBibi Ripudaman Kaur was married to Maharana Ram Singh, ruler of Dhaulpur in 1905 AD. But she did not lead a happy married life for long, as the Maharana passed away in 1911 AD.

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yM<::lMtld'dl

Rallewale and on 22 of Phagun 1939 (4 1h March, 1883) crown prince Ripudaman Singh was born to queen Jasmer Kaur of Longowal. He was awarded GCSI in 1889, GCm in 1903 and was granted the title of hereditary Maharaja during Delhi Darbar in 1911. On 11 th of Poh Sammat 1968 (25 th December 1911), the topmost of Vairarh dynasty, Maharaja Sir Hira Singh, breathed his last at Nabha. ~ [hirahir], ~ [hirahiru] the topmost diamond, the topmost gem. "hIrdE rdVI rdhIa hdrI hira hiru."-var suhi ill 3. tit~J1UI'G [hiraghat] See ~ ?lOlO. tiW 'e"IJl [hira das], <fur" ~ [hira dasie] In Sammat 1867 a noble soul was born to Abdullah, the cobbler. He gained a lot in the company of Sharandas Udasi and ultimately adopted the sublime religion of Guru Nanak and became Hiradas. During the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, he established a big dera in village Gandi Vind and started free kitchen. He died in Sammat 1936. The followers of Hiradas came to be known as Hiradasie. Mahant Sant Singh succeeded Hiradas, who died in Sammat 1953. tiW ifu" [hira n~d] See ~ 3. c:ft2 [hiru] See tiRr and <fur". "ddIa kdrE hdrI hiru."-srr ill 1. "maI).Ik lal nam rdtdn pddardth hiru."-sri ill 1. tita" ~ tiW f.fcj~ [hire nal hira vfnhI).a] v diamond is a hard substance. To penetrate and make a hole in it, a diamond is to be used as a tool. Likewise in order to liberate the distressed soul, miracle of the realisation of absolute Braham is helpful. "hirE hirabedhI pavdn manu sdhje rdhIa sdmai."-asa kabir. ~ [hildh] See tiTw 3. u9l'hlH l [hildhsaji] P J';lr-~ n pretence, evasIOn.

nd

uTl?3' [hilat] See

~

u-rw 3.

~ also means

pretence and fraud. [hilra], tiTw [hila], ~ [hib] n fraud, deception. 2 distress, suffering. "mdn nd suhela pdrp;}C hila."-g;m ill 5. "sadhdn ko harta jou hib."-krIsan. 3 A ~ pretence. "hilra ehu sasaro."-vac;f m 1 alahl)i. 4 effort, plan, scheme. 9' [hu] Skt vr perform an oblation; eat; satiate. send, get. 2 In old Punjabi !J is used in place of C'] as ~ in place ofer, t=rLrg in place of t=ril etc. "meri hdrdhu bIpat jan kardhu subhai." -gau ravrdas. 3 part must. "bhdrdmu bhedu bhdU kdbahu nd chutasI."-bhEr m J. 4!J also stands for the fifth declension; from. "pretahu kitonu devta."--var gau 2 m 5. -q rhO] Skt ~ part response--a sound of "if. 2 disrespect. 3 question. 4 acceptance. ~ [huE] See -q. '[f [hua] adjhappened. became. 2 n response word of hua. "hua sabad dSIdhujahI ucara." -carItr 405. ~ [huro], ~ [hui] happened, became. 9lft ~ [hui hE] happens. "anad rup hui hE." -gujm 5. ~ [hue] became. "mukh hue P;}QIt mIthe." -savEye m 3 ke. YFf rhus] See ~. 2 See m:n=r. 3 P hush, short for "ih::r (sense). ~ [husI).a] Skt~. be short. 2 be tired. "hOI nd dS dSU hus nahI jaI."-GPs. "dIye husaI turagdm sare."-GPs. "YH"O [hus;m] A ? n beauty. "kI husnul vaju hE. "--japu. 'beauty has existence.' See ~ and ~. 2 adjbeautiful. ~ [husnak] P Jc ~ adjbeautiful. "dmIt ddrdb husnakdn dehl."-carrtr 111. 2 See
~. ~HQMtHI'dl [husnulcarag] P itA1cf" lamp of

beauty. "kI husnulcdrag

h."~japu.

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sP''1Q t'SH~ [husnuljdmal] A J~fd'" extremely

beautiful.
yFl"Q"'M3J-f'}f [husnultdmam] A

(vJ.;r" perfect

beauty.
yHQt'S'(!1j ~ [husnulvdju hE] A ~?}fd'" having

a charming face. See

and

~.

~ [husIar], ~ [husiar] P J~J1 adj

wise. 2 watchful. "dunia husiar bedar."-ram

kdbir.
y~ [husiari] P 15J~J1

n intelligence, wisdom. 2 watchfulness. alertness. yH'O [husm] ~ second son of Hazrat Ali from Fatima, daughter of prophet Mohammad. He was born in 625 AD.--(Hijri 4). Having been thirsty for three days, he was brutally killed at Karbala (which is at a distance of 60 miles from Baghdad in the southwest direction) by commander Simar of the seventh caliph Yazid on 18 th October 680. The reason was that certain persons of Kufa, having arrived at secret understanding, called him for handing over the caliphate to him. King of Damascus, Caliph Yazid, came to know of this secret and sent his army against Hussain. Hussain did not want to fight but the army of Yazid attacked him without any reason. This dispute went on from the first to the lOth of Muharram. On the lOth day, Hussain was killed. Hence Shias mourn for these ten days. See <JR<'i" and RlJIt:. ylto WU [husm $ah] a hermit of Lahore. He ft:fur. is also known as Shah Hussain. See '61""qT. During the time ofthe Gurus, edicts written yRhia l [husmabad] a town in the district of from them to their disciples, were also known Gaya (Bihar) "hira si husmabad."-dkal. as hukdmnamas. Mata Sundari had also been ~ [husmi] adj relating to Hussain. sending these edicts to the sagdt (congregation). 2 pertaining to the lineage of Hussain. 3 a Edicts have been issued and are still being devotee of Hussain. 4 n the slave of Dilavar issued from the four holy Seats under the Khan, an official incharge of an army 01'5000 controlofGurupanth. soldiers. When Dilavar Khan's son, fearing ycrnr [hukma] A ~ plural of()Ciihf. for his life, returned from Anandpur Sahib, ya'Hi' [hukma] See nf}-Rf ffiur and 'H"'fu"a fHur.

Hussain marched towards Anandpur along with an army of two thousand men, but he could not reach there. He was killed on the way, while fighting against other hill chieftains. See~. "kdryo jar sma husmi pdyana."-VN. 5 Muslim cultivators, who are Sayyads, are chiefly found in Montgumary district. 6 There are Hussaini Brahmans as well, who tell and sing the story of Hussain and also get alms from Muslims. y~ [husagabad] See M~. ymr [huhdr] adj astonished. "cdracdrya huhra."-VN. ~ [huhu], W [huhu] See 'tJltJT and ~. 'SiC{ [hOk] See <ICX'IJ. "bhdt hOke dhOke bakare." -ramav. 2 neighing, sound of hihi. "hOke kIkal)."-VN. 'Horses neighed.' gmft [hukdi] adj hubble-hubble, (hookah) smoker. 'SJCfi'i'T [hukna] ,.::A> enema. ~ [hubm] A n order, command. y ~ [hubmsdtIJ, "Q'cmR3" [hukdmsdtt], ~ [hukdmsdty] the Creator with truth as his dictum. "]:k oakar hukdmsdtI vahIguru ji ki phdtdh."-jdfdr. 2 true command. 3 xa death, demise. "hukdm Sdtt Ik SIkh hVE gdYO."-GPs. yalf'OTW [hubmnama] P ~~ n an edict, carrying a dictum. 2 royal decree. 3 an edict of the true Guru (spiritual guide). See ~cx

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~ [hukmau] as per command. "mE kahra

sabh hukmau jiu."-suhi m 5 gUI).v;;jti. ~ [hukmavE] as per command. "satIguru ke hukmavE."-var ram 2 m 5. 2 command may come. gcmr [hukamI] as per command. "hukamI mIlE vaqIai."-japu. 2 See gm.it. ~ [hukmil adj one who issues command. ruler. "hukmi hukamu calae rahu."-japu. 2 as per command. "hukmi barsaI:lI lage meha." -majhm 5. ~ [hukmibada] adj one who obeys the command, slave. "hukmib;3da hukam kamavr."-maru solhe m 3. ~ [hukamu] See 9Wf. "hukamu tera khara bhara."-asa ch;;jt m 3. ~ [hukmr] in command. "hukmE adan sabhu ko."-japu. 2 command. "nanak hukmE je bujhr." -japu. ~ [hUkar] See ~. yqtH [hukam] A (if> plural of~. ~ [hukami] adj of or relating to command. 2 as per command. "bIcarde phIrahI sasar mahI harI ji hukami." -var maru 2 m 5. ~ [hUkar], ~ [hUkara] Skt sound ofhU. "tIh chIn sri prabhu kIy hukara."-NP 2 response, confirmation. ~ [hukumat] A .:;/~ n act of issuing command. 2 kingdom. sfcr [hukk] n pain in one's side. 2 piercing pain in the lung. 3 E hook. ~ [hukka] A ,J; n a small box. 2 an enamelled earthen pot or glass pot. 3 hookah; hubblebubble. "hukke se hurmat gai nem dharam gayo chut."-gIrIdhar. ym [hugH] a river in Bengal which, after having confluence with Bhagirthi and Jalangi, falls into the Bay of Bengal. 2 a town situated on the right bank of river Hugli, which falls in Baradvan Pargana. This town was inhabited

by the Portugese in 1537 AD. ym [hugH badar] a harbour situated at a place where Hugli river makes a confluence with the sea. "hugH badar ko huto hfmat sfgh nrIp ek."-carItr 133. g;:E" [hujatl, ~ [hujatI] See ifR3". "gurmatI sad hujatI dUrI."-asa m 1. gt=raT [hujra] A ~ j. n a small room, closet. 2 cloister for meditation. "badgi alah ala hujra."-maru solhe ill 5. 3 a place in Madina where prophet Mohammad was buried. 'YWf [hujum] A (p- n crowd, gathering. 2 heap, stock. "ifR3" [hujjat] A ~ n argumentation, disputation. 2' doubt. YC [hut] See t:JZ<!T. ~ [hutI).a] v keep away. "mic hutE jam te chutE. "-gau thIti m 5. 2 get tired. "harImagu na hutE."-savEye m 4 ke. 3 love strength, get weak. "nEn sravan sarir sabh hutIO." -sar

m5.
ya [huq] n boar's tusk. 2 Skt a leather-mounted musical instrument, which is specially sounded in the battlefield. It is also known as huqquk. 3 cloud. 4 an army camp. ~ See ~. <ja [hUq] Skt ~ vr collect, select. s.r.rcr [huQ.ak], ~ [huqkia] camp administrator. 2 player of huq or huqquk. This instrument belongs to the family oftambourine and tambour.. 3 ram fighter. See ~ and ~. "kIqe mevedar han huqak huqkie lolaI).loli."-BG. <jara- [hUqar] See ~. ~ [huqrara] a village in police station Barki, district Lahore. Guru Hargobind had stayed at this place. There is a beautiful gurdwara. One hundred ghumaons of land is freehold in this village. A fair is held on MaghL It is at a distance of nine miles from railway station Jallo in the south-west direction. <jilt [hUqi] n bill of exchange. "hUqi nIdhan

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sahu ko bhar."-GPS. 'ifiiPw [hUqia] See 'ifm. See ~. "matr sakatI hUqia tIh karyo."-carrtr 228. 'made a ram of him. , ~ [huqu], ~ [hUqu], ~ [huqlu], ~ [hUdua] Skt M; n ram. "phn hVE larke huqua duhU or te, apas me SIr melat hE."-krIsan. ~ [huquhuq] n ramfight. 2 adjstubbornly, ins istently. "s ISU khelat rEn huq uhuq." -narsrgh. YC!' [hu1).], <r [hU1).I], ~ [huJ)..e] adv now, just now. "hUJ)..I kadI mrliE pna tudhu bhagvata."-majl1 m 5. Its origin is from Sanskrit 3!1?R, which means during the day. . Y3" [hut] n argument, unnecessary reasoning. 2 part ind icative of past tense. "abar cahiyat hut gnyo."-PP 'The sky was going to fall.' 3 present tense marker. "ad I maddh ar at hute, hut-hE pun honam."-BGK. 4 Skt adjmarked by fire ritual. 5 n offering. ~ [hutbhuj] Skt~. consumer ofofferings; fire. ~ [hGta] happens. "patItpavan nam kEse hGta?" -sri raVIdas. ~ [huta$], ~ [huta$an] Skt n fire, which consumes the offerings. ~ [hutasankhel] n fireworks. y3t [huti] was. "huti ju pHS pIUS pIvan ki." -saveye m 4 ke. sr3" [hute] were. 2 they were. y3' [huto] was. "karJ)..o huto su na kio."-s m 9. ~ [hUdmar] adj who attacks like a ram; who wrangles without reason. ~ [hUda] past tense of 'to be' (it<!") ~ B'/'>'W [hUdIa sudIa] while having a lot of wealth; notwithstanding. ~ [hudud] A ')JP plural of*= (boundary), boundaries. ~ 'ff'e' [hUde sude] See 'ifR"fi" BR"fi". F [hudda] See ~.

[hun] now. "u(;1 hun kaga kare."-gau kabir. Yi'iO [hunar] P )1 n craftmanship. 2 quality. "nIj hUJ)..ran ko rIdE chapavE."-NP yol>w [hunia] n lullaby. "putrahI den lagi hunia hE." -krrsan. ggt!' [hunud] A ,y". plural of ftf~; Hindus. 2 plural of~vo't; Indians. glMl" [hubab] See uara-. 'ifa' [hubb] A ...;...> n love, affection. 2 longing, yearning. sfH [hUm] Skt ~lf n sultry. 2 Skt ~ response. ~ [hUmas] Se(~ cjlf. 2 A ~ low sound as of footsteps. sfHJf ljl.rR' [hUmas dhUmas] n hue and cry, furore, hustle and bustle. "ban vIqanrE hGmas dhumas, kuka paia rahi."-var guj 2 m 5. 'Doors of the rich are ornate but hue and cry pervades them. i.e. they are haunted by lamentation. ' iJH ~ [hum humauJ)..a], ~ '!.jWi'iT [hum humana] v come with fanfare. "hum humaI sagatI sabh ai."-GPs. ~~[hUmardhUmar] See~-gl-lFf."Mmar dhUmar jagi ghatti suna."-cJc;ii 3. yw [huma], ~~ [humau], ~ [humaI] Pin n phoenix; an imaginary bird. A person is believed to be: fortunate on whom falls its shadow as it t1ys non-stop in the sky. "per humau sag lagyo kana."-GPs. I "huma ra kase sayah ayad bazer."-jafar. 2 ,,-In. daughter of the Persian king Bahiman, who had a son named Darab. 3 Bhai Santokh Singh has written humau in place of humayu. "dIlli ka humau bha sahu."-GPS. See !JWli. ~ [humayu] P uiln adj lucky. 2 n Humayun Tuglak. See lj"'Rffi{ToT BT WB Wtr ~ if: 20.
IPoets have written that if an arrow. attached with the feather of a phoenix. is shot into the sky, it does not return to the earth, rather it continues hovering in the sky.

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3 elder son of emperor Babar and father of Akbar. He was born in Kabul on 7th March 1508. His mother's name was Maham Begam. He ascended the throne on 26 th December 1530 at Agra. Gfall the Mughal rulers, he was a great scholar but lacked soldier-like qualities and was a big opium eater. In the year 1540, Sher Khan Sur Pathan (who was earlier known as Farid), son of Hassan Khan - a fief of Sahasram-defeated Humayun and pushed him out of India and himself ascended the throne of Delhi and assumed the title of emperor. After his defeat at the hands of Shershah, when Humayun was passing through Punjab, he went to Guru Angad at Khadur. The Guru was engrossed in meditation, so he did not pay him any attention. Enraged, Humayun began to draw his sword from its sheath in order to assault the Guru. At this the Guru said. "Now you are drawing the sword to kill hermits. Where was it when you were fighting? Where was it when Shershah was to be combated?" Humayun begged his pardon and was able to get blessings from Guru Angad Dev. Humayun spent many years in asylum with the Persian emperor. With the help of his army, he once again occupied the throne of Delhi on 23 rd June 1555, but could not enjoy his rule for long. Just after six months on the 24 th January 1556, he fell from the stairs of his library and died on 28 th January, 1556. His magnificient mausoleum is situated at a distance of four miles towards the west of Delhi on the bank of river Jamuna. It was got constructed by Begam Hamidabanu (mother of Akbar) in 1565 AD at a cost of 15 lac rupees. ~ [huyau] became. "bIkl teamrrthuyau." -savye m 4 ke. ~ [hursa] See ~. [hurak] A J.7 n fire. 2 flame. See ~. [hurakl).a] v frighten, threaten. 2 challenge by quivering the nose in anger. ~ [hurkam] adj like a flame. "kacan hurkanI rup sarupa."-carItr 247. See~. ST'6H3" [hurmat], \T0J18 [hurmatI] A ..:Y.7- n pride, honour. "hurmatI tIS no agli. "~var asa. F [hura] A l)y lady with fair complexion and black eyes. Its p!!1ral is ~. Mohammedans have used this word for fairies. ~ [hurras] A vI} plural of ~ (0'1:fT); guard. 2 emperor's bodyguards. ~ [huria] n leap, jump. "paga bIn huria marta."-bas.:'1t kabir. 'The mind leaps without feet.' See Rfu 1::fmf. ~ [hurehIa] was pleased, was overjoyed. "kar kar sag hurehIa."-BG. ~ [hurehi] adj lightweight. "katth hurehi bhusli."-BG. 2 was pleased. Y1? [hul] See~. "hulE' nara."-ramav. 'People are frightened.' 2 Skt J-ftw. 3 a musical instrument. ~ [hulas] See Y1?'R. ~ [hular] n flood. 2 passion. 3 flow of passion. g M;:liiPal [hularval).i] floodwater. yw [hula) short for Y1?'R (~z.wr). "rag maD 1 pIana ja joban nau hula. "-sri ill 1.
~
~

2See~.

Y'H"'R" [hulas] Skt 0R1ffi. See ~z.wr. 2 See qffi1. ~ [hulara] n swing. 2 wave of passion. ~ [huliya] A ? ornament. 2 appearance, features, traces. 'ifWl'5" [hullal] n sound and fury, noise produced during an attack. "ral). hull kalola hullala."
-ramav.

[huvmi) See ~. y [hu) See <:ft. "pivat hu parvaD bhaIa. "-sri m 3. just after drinking. 2 with. "bahurr bahurr uahu Idptera."-gau m 5. 3 See \T. 4 A ~ pron

~.

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he. \[ [hu] ego. "mujh me raha na hu."~s kabir. 2 fifth declension: from. "uci hu uca than." -var guj 2 m 5. 3 Skt part See 'if. "druga hu kly;'\ khet dhOke nagare.''~caQi 2. 'Durga responded by uttering hu.' W>f [hua], ~ [hua] happened. "jE kar apar sudhar hua."-VN. ~ [hue] happened. ~ [husna] See ~. '[U [huh] n oppression, braze:n aggressiveness. "blnsi haumE huh."-sar m 5. 2 assault, attack. "pare huh if kE." -caQi 2. 3 sound and fury. ~'ij' ~'ij' [huh kuh] n noise produced at the time of attack, assault's fury. "huh kuh;'\ bhari."-ramav. ~ ~ [hu hu] a musician in [ndar's court. See

ur. ur.
[huk], -gq [huk] n sound of hu. 2 lamentation. 3 call, outcry. ~ [hUbr] See 'ifqro. ~ [hug] sound of hu. 2 P ..., army. "QIgge vir jujhare huga phuttia. "-caQi 3. 3 altertness. 4 force. 5 nation. 6 blow, percussion, attack. ~ [hut], 7i [hut~m] See i~. "01 blkhadi dokhia te guru te hute."---asa m 5. "blkhE bladhI tab huto."-dl1ana m 5. '[CT [huta] adjexhausted, tired. 2 n swing, jolt. '[3' [hut] Skt short for ~ adj called. "bIn hut nlket dhare carna."--NP '[3?i [hutan] n calling. "mal1dv ek pathyo hIt
hutan."~NP

~q

~ [hutI] Skt n calling. 2 name.

[hutu] happens. "bacaH sabad ka saphla hu tu." ~ratdnmala. See "iJ3. ~ [huda] P adj old. 2 correct. 3 real, actual. va- [hub] See if.~. "det dub ko dekh hub ko." -GPs. ~ [hubahu] A ,1;"';; adj exactly identical.

of~. n fairy; virgins in heaven, who in Islam are offered to momlns. They are also offered to crusaders who lay down their lives fearlessly in defence offaith. See QO. "hura srol)at bij nu ghat gher khaloia." -caQi 3. ~~ [hull n attack. "debr ek bar dal huI." -GPS. 2 tip of the sword. 3 A J;. surrounding. "hul paVE kahaha."-s brid. 'having surrounded lamented.' "jodhlc1 dekhal) aia. hule hoia."-ramav. 'gathered all around.' ~ [hurl Skt obstinacy. 2 stupidity. "apan hur kaha urjhayo."-33 savEye. 'fr [he] is. "agE jatI na he."-var asa. "SIkh vaQbhagi he."--sukhmani. 2 Skt part 0 ! oh ! "he pral) nath gobfdah."-sal1as m 5. 'frfu [heI] is. "efta tIS hi heI."-var ram 1 m 2. 2 See ihir. 'fr'ij' [heh] n "fr'JT. desire (~.'hJT) for sexual intercourse ('ij'). "aheh hehe." -rama v. 'Those sans sexual desire were provoked erotically by women.' ~ [hehar], [hehra] a village of district and tehsil Lahore. This is situated at a distance of eight miles from Kot Lakhpat in the south east direction. The in laws ofBhai Prithi Chand, elder brother of Guru Arjan Dev, belonged to this village, He breathed his last here. His memorial is located here and abundant land and estate is attached to it. 2 a village in police station Raikot, tehsil Jagraon, district Ludhiana. Sant Kirpal Das Udasi belonged to this village. On his way to Malwa, the tenth Guru stayed here. Guru Hargobind also stayed here for some time at the earnest request of a disciple, Bhai Hamira. The bed upon which the Guru sat and the hearth upon which his food was prepared have been preserved. Since the times of Mahant Kirpal Das, Sikh

'VI' [hurl A J.P plural

*rei"

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congregations have been held here. The gurdwara of both the Gurus is located to the east of the village. During the Sikh rule, onesixth land ofthe village amounting to thousands of bighas was attached to the gurdwara. This place is located at a distance of six miles from railway station Chaukiman in the south-east direction. [heha] See fro. 'frcr [hek] n long high-pitched call. 2 chant. 3 Dg adj one. See 'frw 8" ~. ~ [hekal)], 'frcrn" [hekal], ~ [hekro], 'frw [heka], ~ [heku], ~ [hekuro], u-&- [hekE], mt [heko] adj only one. See 'frcr 3. "CIt TId aVE hekro."-gau var 2 m 5. "heko padhahu hek daru."-var mala m 1. 'fr'arr [hega] Pu n drawing plank; a plank to break lumps in a ploughed field. See 7J(J'OIT. [heel P ~ a little, insignificant. "dIl hee TId dani."-tIlag m 1. ~ [heekas] P anyone. ~ [heegah] P o~ adv sometime. " from within. 2 love. 'frtr [hej] idea originating "dhan ko na hej rahE ganka pras;'igi ko." 3 Kamdev, Eros. [hezam] P ();i n fuel, firewood. 'frtr [heju] n love. 2 happiness. See iTR. fro [heth] adv under, below. 2 Skt ~ vr stop, be cruel. 'froT [hetha] See fuoru+ and 'fro. 'Me [hethI] adv under, below. "kGne hethI jalair."-s farid. UoT [hethi] n derogation, insult. 2 cruelty. See 'fro 2. fur [het] love. See fu3". "dhanu OI bhagat jIn tum s;'igI het."-gau m 5. 2 cause. See ~. "het rog ka sagal s;'isara." -bher m 5. [heta] Bhai Heta, a devotee of the tenth Guru. See FH(;iij'R1. 'frftr [hetI] due to love. "kamal hetI bInsIo hE

mrr

mr

vt

m:m

mr-

bhavra."-dhcma m 5. 2 for. "s;'it hetI prabhI tnbhaval). dhare."-gauam 1. "nad hetI SIrU <;lano kur:3ka."-dhana m 5. ~ [hetu] Skt n result. 2 cause. "sarab kale~an hetu aVIdya."-GPs. 3 This word has also been used for ~. "S;'ipE hetu kalat dhan terr." -bher kabir. "nanak sace nam VII) sabho dusman hetu."-var suhi m 1. 4 a figure of speech, which describes cause and effect at the same time. Example: "jInI sevIa tInI paIa manu."-japu. 'Service is cause and getting of honour is effect. ' "sadh kE sagI nahi kIChu ghal, darsan bhetat hot nIhal."-sukhmani. "darsan dekhat hi sudh ki na sudh rahi budhI ki na budhI rahi matI me na matI hr." -BGK. 'Holy appearance is the cause and disappearance of sensibil ity is the effect. ' (b) Narration of the oneness of the cause and effect is the second form of this figure of speech. Example: "kahI kabir ab kahiE kahI, sadhsagatI bEkGthE ahI."-bher kabir. Holy congregation leads to heaven, but here it is held that the holy congregation itself is heaven, and there is no heaven other than this. 5 It has also been used for hIt (moh). "Msu hetu lobh kop."-var majh m 1. 'violence, infatuation, greed and anger.' 6 It is used for hIt as well. "mina jInI jal SIU hetu ba<;lhaIo." -dhana m 5. ~ [hetuta] n causation. "IS mahI karam hetuta jane."-GPs. ~ [hetumala] See ~ . ~ftJ [hetvapanhutIl See ItfQB. (c) 'frH [l~em] Skt n gold. 2 thorn-apple. 3 one

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masha by weight. renunciation. [hemkar] goldsmith. ~ [heral:tl, ~. [heran] v behold, observe, look. "herau ghatI ghatI sagal kE."-bavcm. ~ [hemkut], ~ [hemkuc;l.], ~ [hemkut] In Himalay range, there is Hemkunt mountain "herat herat he sakhi!"-oakar. close to Indardyumansar pooL It finds mention ue(')'!le [heranvar] ad; observer, seer. in the 119 th chapter of the earlier part of 'freoT [hemal See'frw>. Mahabharat. "f dradyuill;}nSarah prapy fr6r [hera] adj watched, visualised. 2 n a hemkut matityac." (43) "hamkut parbet hE hunter's job; deer hunting. 3 meat. "hera roti jaha"-VN. 2 Ratangiri, one of the five hills kame gala katavE kaunu?"-s kabir. 4 Punjabi in Rajgiri in district Patna, is also called song sung in a prolonged sing-song voice. It is 1 Hemkut. specially sung on the occasion of marriage. 'clfacf [henk] Dg n detective; secret agent who fu.rfurfu [hemgIn] See ~r. observes everybody minutely. 'frHymr [hempusap] Dg n a tree which bears golden flowers, magnolia. 2 a flower made of -mIT [heri] adj seen, observed. 2 n huntsman, gold, which in ancient times was showered on hunter. "mngni jnn ghavat heri."-knsan. the hearse of the rich. See e5rno ~. 3 vocative: he ali! ari! he sakhi! ~ [hemphullIka] jasmine blossoming ~ [hem] adj observing, looking. See 'frfuq. msprmg. 2 investigator, researcher. 3 he who eyes Uw [hemal a devotee of Guru Arjan Dev from people's wealth for providing information to a Kapahi subcaste, who belonged to Sultanpur. thief. "taskar hem aI lukane."-bIla a m 4. He became a disciple of Guru Arjan and got 4 Skt ~cx n messenger of death, agent of enlightened. death. "jam raje ke hem ae."-asa patti m 1. ~ [hemacal], ~ [hemadn]. hill of"fr>-r 5 adj abductor; thief. (gold), Sumer; hill (adn) of go Ie!. -mhr [herab] Skt ~ n Ganesh, who enjoys with Shiv. ~ [hemu] a gentleman of Suini subcaste, who lived at Shahdara. He became a disciple of ~ [hel], 'frw [hela] n attack, invasion. "hel Guru Arjan Dev and grew into a great ethical pukarat gonn marat."-GPs. "hela karahu and philanthropic personage. 2 a bania of parahu ik bera."-NP 2 a carnivorous creature, which belongs to the wolffamily; hyena. See Dhusar caste, who was a nobleman of the Delhi king Salim Shah and was appointed a 3Q<5f. 3 Skt %en disobedience, insult. 4 game, minister in the times ofMohammad Shah Adil. sensuous play or sport. "sIdh budh gaD He opposed emperor Akbar and after gadharab banvE hela."-mala namdev. 'enact play in the theatre.' 5 In poetics, gesture born defeating the Mughal army, conquered Agra. He declared himself king and acquired the title of coquetry; flirtatious gesture. of Bikramaj it. Finally on 5th November, 1556, 'fr'!' [hev], 'IT~ [hev] See fmf. means coo l. "man tan hey bhae sac paIa."-mala ;:I m 1. See~. he got wounded in the battle of Panipat, was captured and killed by Bairam Khan, the ~ [hevai], -rr-'<!6T [hevhi], ~ [hevat] is cool; endures the chill; fj:eezys like snow. "sital jal minister. 'frtr [hey] Skt adj worth renouncing; fit for hevhi." -var m;oJla m 1. "jal hevat bhukh aru naga."--kan m 5. ISee Geographical Dictionary.
~

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~ [hera] n huntman, hunter. 2 meat. 3 body,

~fq~ [hEkntu] n ritualistic sacrifice of a

physique, mortal frame. "here rnuti dhah."-s farid. 'the body wailed. ' "hera j2llE rn2ljith jru Up2lrI agara."-sfarid. ~ [herh] n herd of animals, flock. 2 herd of animals assembled by traders. ~ [hE] n present form of be. "hE bhi S2lCU." -j2lpu. 2 Skt"'Q[I.. horse. "hE g2lI bah2ln."-skabir. 3 part a word expressing grief and pain. "hE hE k2lrke oh k2lrenI.."-sava mI. tt [hf'] part interrogative, sorrowful and exclamatory expression. 2 plural of hE, h2ln, hEn. ~ [hEas2l!).] n sitting on (horse) with a good grip. "gIan hEaS2In C2IrI2IU."-SavEye m 3 ke. 2 folded cloth put under a saddle. 3 saddle. ~ [hEsala] n horse stable; building in which horses are kept and fed. ~'JillE [hESiy2lt] A ~ n condition, state. 2 way, method, manner. ~ [hEh2ly] Skt~. a king ofthe lunar dynasty who was son ofStrajit. 2 a caste; it is written in Vishnu Puran that they are from Yadavs. Present day scholars consider sidyans to be this caste. We understand from Mahabharat that they were the offspring of Manu's son Yayati. Sahasarbahu (Kartiviray) was their famous king who was defeated by Parsuram. Colonel Todd wrote that this tribe still exists in the Baghelkhand's Sohagpur valley. ~ [hEhaha] wailing, sorrowful sound, mournful cry. ~ [hEhat] A.,::..lr-'; adjdistanced. 2 part, alas! ~ [hEk2l1] A Jj n appearance, figure. 2 idol house. 3 armour made from engraved metal worn like an ornament for protection by warriors. "hEk2l1 jin h2lrneI2lpara."-saloh ~ [hf'kar] Skt 3~. haughtiness, arrogance. 2 arrogance due to inflated opinion of one's own self.

horse; a ritual in which a horse is sacrificed. "hEkrItu jagg 21rabh n21 kijE."-ramav. m=r [hEj] A woman's menses. [hEj2lrn] Dg n army, m{litary. ~ [hEjrn2lp] Dg n commander of the army. mtr [hEja] ~ Skt f(;1j filo(' cholera; a dangerous contagious disease. It is caused by foul smell of rotten things, by eating stale and contagious food, drinking unclean and smelly water, use of rotten fruit etc. When germs of this disease pervade polluted air and dirty water, it annihilates the entire families and villages. Only one patient may carry the germs to numerous places and contaminate the water of wells, rivers and tanks and eatables causing the death of many people. When cholera grips a patient, his body slackens, stomach feels heavy, uneasiness is felt, head gets giddy, acute thirst is felt, urine does not flow. The stool is loose and of white brown colour. Breathing becomes difficult. The patient vomits, his body feels pain as ifpricked by needles, due to which it is called VISUCIka. When the patient feels weak due to loose motions and vomits, then the body has cramps, lips turn blue, head feels giddy and eyes sink. This disease requires immediate treatment. The excreta and vomits should be buried mixing them with lime so that the germs of cholera are destroyed. Loose motions should not be stopped at once. The following are the few effective remedies for cholera: Keep ice in the mouth; give properly boiled water and milk, especially water boiled with cardamom, ginger and clove; suck lemon sprinkled with black pepper and salt. Mix asafoetide, camphor, seeds of red

m:m

J?

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chillies, ginger, opium with onion juice and make tablets of half a rati and give two tablets to the patient with aniseed-essence four or five times a day. Mix camphor, peppermeIllt, essence of aniseed in a small bottle in liquid form. Four to thirty drops of this liquid mixed with sugar should be given every half an hour. Massage this juice on palms, soles, telllples, forehead and navel. Lick the juice of ginger mixed with salt. It is also very beneficial to drink water boiled with two tolas of bark of neem tree. Mix piperaceous, black pepper, ginger, cloves of calatropis procera (a wild plant of sandy region) and salt in equal amount, and make tablets of one rati each and take two tablets after every 15 minutes wiith hot water. Give juice of the leaves of basil (osmium sanctum) mixed with salt. Burn new coconut kernel red in fire and dip it five to six times in boiled water. Drinking this water is very beneficial. When there is cholera epidemic, going out of home on empty stomach should be avoided. Never drink water or milk without properly boiling it. Never eat stale food or rotten fruit. Never stay at dingy or damp places. Use spicy things, onion, ginger, vinegar and lemon and not to hold back urine and stools. ~ [hEdar] A .JJi> n lion, tiger. 2 This is also the surname of Hazrat Ali, son-in-law of prophet Mohammad. ~~ [hEdrabad] There are two famous cities by this name, one is in Sin.dh and the other is in the south which is the capital ofthe Nizam. ~rn "ffer [hEdri jhaQa] adj flag in Hydar's name; sign of Ali; a flag' raised by Muslims for religious war. 2 When Banda Bahadur

raised the banner ofrevolt in Punjab, the whole Majha region rose against the Mughal empire. The subedar of Lahore being weak, Muslim priests led the army to fight against the Sikhs. Due to this, the battle came to known as battle ofHaidri Jhanda.This incident took place in Sammat 1767. See fuRwH w. [hm], Mo [hmI] plural ofthird person. are. "hmI yule nah:l ghaDe."-slok. 2 See~. [hEph] A ..;p} n grief, sorrow. "hE sad hEph ju kari kamai."-NP 2 tyranny, cruelty. 3 vr phew, shame. [hEbat] A ..::.p~ n fleaI', terror, dread, fright, scare. 2 awe, dominance. [hEm] Skt adjmade of gold. "sis pE hEm su nike hE Qhari."-NP 2 mountain of snow. mh:r [hEmedh] n (fljf (horse) }fq (sacrificial offering). See ~'}fq. ~ [hEmacal) Skt fuHTtR? mountain of snow, Himalay. ~ [hEmacalI J in the mountain of snow. "tanu hEcali galic"-sri a ill 1. ~ [hEyat] See ~r. ~ [hEyati] adj living, alive. See ~. [hErat], ~ [hEratI] A .::.-~ n astonishment, bewilderment. "tinI dey am kop: tetisa tIn kihEfatI kachu I1a rahi."-guj ill 5. 'Their astonishment knew no bounds.' mr3t [hEfti] adj astonishing, amazing. ~ [hEfaD], m)" [hEfan], ~ [hEranu] A l;)j~ adjastonished, bewildered. "gungaI rahe hEfan."-prabha ill 4. "bhagatI teri hEfan daradu gavavahL"-asa a ill 1. [hEvar] superior and beautiful horse. "kanIk kamIni hevarg{!lvar."-sor a ill 5. ~ [hEvan] A (jl:!:'. aaj animate, living. 2 n living being. "hEvan haram kustani."-tIIJ ill 5. tt rho] v be. 2 Skt part vocative. "lalac choQahu adhho."-asa a ill 1. 3 indicative of future. "mujh te kal.'u na hua, ho na."-asa 'CllJt ill 5.

mr

m:-

m m.r

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712

<J'iI
"iJ<J. be, become. "hohu sabhna

mrr

if' [hO] 2 ego, I-ness. 3 am. "mE ji nama hO ji."-dhcma namdev. ~ [hou] future tense of be; will be. iflW [hoa] happened, occurred. "hoa apI daIalu."-var guj 2 m 5. irfu [hOI] be. 2 will be. "na ko hoa na ko hoI." -sodaru. 3 adv having been. "hOI amra gnh mahI bEtha."-sor m 5. ifremft [hOI pari] has happened, appeared, manifested. "Esi hOIpari."-sar m 5 pdrtal. itfi::ai [hOIba] about to happen, worthy to be. 2 will be, will occur. 3 happens. "jo kIchu brahI SOI paru hOIba."-prdbha m 1. irfu ~ [hOI mahOI] See fchrr and l-ffrft:. mft [hoi] happened. 2 godess Ahoi. See ~. irH [hos] will be, shall be. "jo tIS bhave so bhal hos."-prdbha m 5. 2 P JYi n life, soul. 3 intelligence, wisdom. "hos bhai pharmos sabhf."-NP ~ [hosmad], ~ [hosvad] P VYi adj intelligent, wise. "har6 hosvad ab dham nIj janIye."-NP irfu [hOSI] will be, will happen. ~ [hosIar] See ~. fu:it [hosi] will be. "nanak hosi bhi sacu."-jdpu. -m:rar [ho~ag] P ~-'" famous emperor of Iran. ifFforwt!' '[hosagabad] a prominent city of a district at the bank of river Narbada in Central India (CP.), which is 476 miles from Bombay. -m:r [hoh] may happen. See ~. [haha] happens. "manurahu kacan hoha." -var ram 2 m 5. 2 n jolt, jerk. "bdhufI na maIa hohIa. "-sri chat m 5. 3 swing, oscillating motion, elation. 4 wave, current. "jEse mdha sagar hohe." -sar m 5 Pdrial. Sa metre also called sudhi, characterised by four lines, each line comprising 151, S. Example: tutepare.navemure.asadhare.rIsabhare. -ramav.

irfu [hohI] present. 2 may be.

~ [hohu] See

ki reDuka." -var maru 2 m 5.

mrr [hog], -Joft [hogi] shall, will be.

-ijw [hoka] n call. 2 public proclamation.

~ [hogia] has happened. 2 shall be, will

be. "tu ape brahI su hogia."-var kan m 4.

irQr [hogu] See ilor. "hogu tIsE ka bhaDa."-gcw

m 1. "dusar hoa na hogu."-bavan. ~ [hochau] adjtrivial, petty, mean. "hochau kaj alap sukh badhan."-sCJvEye sri mukhvak m 5. ~ [hochta] n pettiness, triviality, meanness. "bEthyO nIbt hochta heri."-GPS. 'fur' [hacha], -mit [hachi], W [hacho] See~. "hacha si1hu na kijai."-BG. "kavan su dana bvanusuhocha?"-maru solhem 5. Hereilw [hocha] means stupid. "hanras cha<;lI hochE raSI mata."-asa m 5. 'happy with trivial matters.' "hochi saraDI pan rahIDu na pai." -asa m 5. weak refuge. ~ [hotDa] v dissuade, forbid. "ucItna bhojan ke bhI hote."-GPs. "bhe ham tha<;lhe sabh kohota."-BG. ircr [hota] See ~. 2 n loss, deficit, diminution, dearth. "pir murida pIrhari hUI bde na hota."-BG. 'fro [hath] SkI fui lips, especially upper lip. ~ [hothia] a village in district Gurdaspur, tehsil Batala, half a mile away from which is the gurdwara of Guru Arjan Dev. The Guru stayed here while going from Barath to Guru ke Bag (Ghukewali). Ninety-three ghumaons ofland (eighty-eight ghumaons here and five ghumaons in village Valewal) is with the gurdwara. It is three and half miles to the east of Batala railway station. [ho<;l] Sand Dg n bet, vow, pledge. "badahu kin ho<;l madhau mo SIOU?"--sor namdev. 2 SkI ~ vr go, insult.

-mr

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~ [hoq-hoqi] adv in rivalry. 2 as a wager. ~ [hoqi] adj stubborn, obstinate. "]:h murakh hoqi." -prdbha d m 1. 2 who put the condition. ~ rhode] adv iinspite of having, even after

3 a raja of Gakhar, clan, famous by the name ofHudi. See~. "hoqi tako rup nIharyo." -CdrItr 97. hoi."-dev m 5. tTC!"ijTij' [hoDhar] n which must happen, troH [honam] ad) likely to happen; inevitable. inevitable, destined to happen. See~. See Y3". ~ rhoDa] v be. 2 worth happening. "hoDa sa tTor [hona]See iJ(!T. "hona hE so hoi h."-gdV soi phunI hOSi."-gdV m 5. kdbir. ~ [hODi] sense of being. "jal te sHal hODi." 'frfo [honI] are. "honI najik khudaI d."-s {drid. -dev m 5. 2 which must happen, destiny. "hoDi jan sabhIn ke math."-GV 6. tT7IT [!toni] See it,ft. 2: adj existing, being. "so fur [hot] short for tT~."hot punit kotI braham ajoni h bhi honi."-sor m 1. apradhu." -baVdn. tTlf [hom] Skt n clarified butter. 2 offering tTa-r [hota] denoting continuous or habitual clarified butter etc to the sacred fire for the action. "satI hota asatI karI manIa."-maru deity; ritual fire. "hom jag tirath kie bICI haumE badhE bIkar."~gdv m 5. m 5. 2 Skt ~ who performs a fire ritual. ~ [hotaIa] has been happening. 2: who Burning of clarified butter and other performs worship of a ritual fire. 3 n fire in fragrant elements in the fire have been highly praised in Rig V~:d and Yajur Ved. In the Bible which sacrificial material is poured. tT3t [hoti] has been. 2 one who performs a fire also, this ritual is regarded as a part ofreligion. ritual. "mala tIlak soc pak hOti."-gdV CI m 5. See Ex chapter 29. Vmse 13 and 18.3 sacrifice, offering. "nIuli karam jal hom pavak pavan 3 a town near Mardan of district Peshawar. hom."-dkal. 'offering something to water and Both are jointly called Hoti Mardan. sacrificing the same to fire and air dieties.' tT~ [hot:J] is present; i.e. omnipresent, the Creator. "hob sagI na jano.. "-mdla m 5. ~ [homkOq] n a fire pit, where after ~ [hotr] Skt n fire sacrifice, oblation. oblation with Vedic riitual, worship is done. See ~ [hotn] Skt ~ adj who performs a fire ~~ for a comparison between ~~ and ritual; who does an oblation. ~~. ~ [hotri] IDfcm adjwho performs a fire ritual; fu.m [homan], fuf<'i r [homna] v offering clarified butter and other fragrant thing to the fire; concerning the oblationer; ofthepersofl who perform rituals. performs an oblation. tT't!' [hOd] n existence, being i.e. potential. ~ [homagau] will offer clarified butter etc to the fire; willi worship with Vedic rituals. 2 presence. 2 will offer sacrifice. "karau benti atI ghani ~ rhoda], ~ rhoda] adj present, existing. "gharI hoda purukh na pachanIa."-sri m 3. Ih jia homagau."-bTla m 5. 2 existed, believed in asserting. "hoda tTHt [homi] was offered to the fire. 2 who offered clarified butlter etc to the fire. ~ phariagu nanak jaDu."-var mdla mi. tTtiIil [hoyau], 'V"!ijT [hoya], <I'Gf [hoyo] was, tTtft [hodi] See ~.

having. "je ghan hodE magan Jiaie."-ram d mi. tTn [hon] be, be present. 2 existence, being. tTi'i'UTa' [honhar] See 'fr~. "mai honhar su

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existed, happened. "jrh krrpal hoyau gobf d. "-savEye m 5. "hoyo jE hovato. "-ga tlla. -mr [horl part and, other. 2 other, another, different. "karE duhkaram drkhaVE hor."-gau m 5. 'does false deeds, shows himself as noble.' 3 See "fr-a?)T. "rahe hor 10kJ."-VN. 'People were warning.' ~ [horatu] See g. 2 in another way, in a different style. "horatu bhagatr na pae koi." -majh am 3. ~ [hortE] from someone else. 2 See 'iJW. ~ [horth] adv another place. "horthE sukh na bhal."-var brha m 3. [homa] v prevent, prohibit, forbid. "rsu mithi te rhu man horE."-gau m 5. "nfdak so jo nfda horE."-gau kabir. 'Our actual slanderer is he, who forbids someone else from slandering us. ' [horanr] because of others, from others. "ap!).a karaju apr savare horanr karaju na hoi." -asa m 1. 'ijw [hora] prohibited, stopped. 2 Skt ~ 24 th part of day and night; one hour. 3 horoscope. ~[horr] other, another; plural of-mr "horr kete gavanr." -japu. ~ [horro] forbidden, prohibited, prevented, distracted. 2 quite different. 3 from entirely different side, from another angle. "horro gag vahaiE."-var ram 3. i.e. 'The tide has turned back, or the Guru has fallen at the feet of his follower.' ~ [horra] forbade, stopped. iJ'ffi [hori] prohibited, forbidden, stopped. "mohni mohat rahE na hori."-sar m 5. 2 someone else, with someone else. "vr!).u manE jr hori naIr lujh!).a."-var sri m 3.3 See "frm. 4 vocative used to denote pleasure, surprise or disappointment etc. aho ali! "gvaranr yo kahyo hori."-krrsan.

'frg [hom] See -mr. "gu!). eho, hom nahi kor."

-sodaru. 'His biggest attribute is that there is none equal to Him. ' 2 prohibition, restriction. "trthE hom na koi hom."-japu. ~ [hore], <'rn [horE] See"fraor. "kotr jore lakh kore manu na hore."-gau m 5. 2 something else, opposite, quite different. "sara drn lalacr atra manmukh hore gala."-var gau 1 m 4. fuiir [hoI] Skt ~ n grains, rice and grams along with bran roasted in dry hay are called 'ih?+. u~ [holgarh] a fort in Anandpur Sahib, where the tenth Guru started the tradition of playing Hola Mohalla on the first of Chet Sammat 1757. 'i:tw [hola] See 'iJl;) and 'iJw l-fuw. barcha Qhal katara tega karcha dega gola hE, chaka prasad saja dastara am kard:ma tola hE, subhat sucala am lakhbahakalgasfgh sucola hE, apar muchahrra darha jEse, tEse bola hoIa hE. -kavr nrhal sigh. 'i:tw l-fw [hola mahalla] n attack; attack and place of attack. Guru Gobind started this tradition to train Khalsa in martial arts. Two armies used to be formed under two leading Sikhs who fought to occupy a particular place. The Guru himselfused to watch the manoeuvre of these fictitious battles and give them valuable instructions. Of the two armies whichever won, was offered a robe of honour in the congregation. See ~ ~ and }-I(]'w. ~ [hoIr], ~ [hoIrka], <Jc;ft [holi] Sktfrwc;;r or ~ n burning ofholrka, a festival which is celebrated on Phagun 15 in the light half of a lunar month. See 'liP. "hoIr das-hara darsan avahu."--GPS. "holi kini satsev."-basJ m 5. [hovag] shall be, will be. [hova!).] See ~. [hovat] v used for denoting continuous or habitual action. "hovat ae sad sadiv."-bavan. eRn [hovan] being, existence. 2 adj inevitable;

mror

-mrro

m m

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mr

i.e. death. "hovan kaura anhovan mitha." -brla m 5. 'Death is bitter and l:ife is sweet.' J<1()ijid [hovanhar] n fate, destiny. 2 eternal Creator. "hovanhar hot sad aIa."-bavan. 'J'm [hovanI] be, happen. "hukmi hovanI akar."-japu. ~ [hovi] will be, shall be. 2 use:d to happen. "tIS da kade na hovi bhala."--vaI' gdU 1 m 4. 'J'~?IT [hoVEni] adj likely to happen, worth happening. "sa hOVE jo bat hovEni."'-brla m 4. 2 They happen. 'iM-g [hovato] been. 2 inevitable. '''hoya hE hovato."-gatha. 'J;r [hor] See ~ and ~. ~ [horna] v forbid, prohibit, stop, distract. "surbir varIam kInE na horiE."-var guj 2 m 5. 2 tip; roughen by cutting grooves, i.e. to tip the stone mill. fu1r [hora] n enclosure in which animals are kept and stopped from going out. 2 obstacle. 3 attached vowel sign in Punjabi; (') [0]. ~ [hJ] See ~. '5" [h5] See ~. m=r [hJs], '5"H [h5s] See~. ~ [hJsla] A ~j> n animall's liiver. 2 effort, valour. 3 Philanthropy ~ [h5kna] v pant, puff, be out of breath. mrnt [hJkni] n heavy breathing due to fast heartbeat, breathe heavily. "dJre avat h5kni soe uradh svas."-carrtr 7. [hJjl, B-e" [hJd] A Jj> n pit for holding water; water tank. "baq.o hJj Ik huto banayo."-GPS ~t!tf [hJdaj], ft~ [hJda] A c,.. ,., n open or covered seat placed over a camel or an elephant; howdah. "kacan rajat ghare jIn hJda."-GPS fur; [hJn] See ~. -m=t [hJmE] See ~. [hJr] See "rJr para pur d:,r cale nar har uthyo ur." -NP 2 A .JJ1 throw upward. "jamna

mr

kahu gvaranI h;)rE."-krrsan. 'Milkwomen splash water of lamna upward while swimming.' [bray], i'Rro;r:J [hxvat], ~ [hJrvata] n lightness, meanness, flippancy, triviality. "alap arbal chIma karat hE. Ih jetho hJrvar dharat hE."-GPS [hJra] light, not heavy. See (~. "hJra bhaya sagal turkana."-GPS ~ [hJI] A JJ1 n fear, terror. 2 heart's trembling, fright. See BtJ<'S". ~ [hJla] adj light. 2 mean, base, low. UHf [hJIi] adv slowly" gently, softly. 'd [M] short form of 'l"ti'. 1. "ha bhi vaJ1a q.umDi."-sri m 1. Ufl [Mu] See~. "tInkEhaulagaupae."-vac;i m 3 alah1).i. "hau vari hau vari gurusIkh mit pIare."--vac;i chait m 4. ~ [MumE] See ~if. "sabhI blmse haUmE papa ram."-vac;i chat m 4. ~ [has] Skt n a bird of the duck family which has white feathers and red beak and feet. I It is written in ancient scriptures that its beak contains sour content, which when dipped in milk, water gets separated. On the basis of this simile, he who differentiates bt~tween truth and untruth is called a swan. Many poets have termed it as collector of pearls. "jEse mansar tyag ha,s an sar jat, khat na mukatphal bhugatI ju gat ki."

mr-

-BGK.

"pachIn me has mrIgrajan me sardu1."

-BGK. 2 sun. "mahIma ja ki nJ:rmal has." -bher a m 5. 3 soul, spirit. "kaIa has kIa pritI hE jI para hi chaq.IjaI?" -var guj m 3.

*.

4 wise, discerning. "SIkh has sarvarI Ikathe hoe."-varram 2 m 5. "hasa vekhI tradIa baga bhI aIa cau."-var vac;i m 3. 5 a raja who was a friend of Jarasandh. 6 white hair, which are
IS wans have blackfeathers too.

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m:m-

swan-coloured. "has ulthare aI."-sri m 5 pahne. 7 has pra!)ayam. While inhaling one utters the sound of 'ha' and while exhaling, it is the sound of's' that is uttered. See iRlfT and <5w. 8 has incarnation. See JH"ikl'd. 9 Vishnu. 10 Shiv. 11 horse. 12 adj superior. 13 a metre of which the features are: two lines, each line has 15 matras, pauses at the seventh matra and the eighth matra thereafter, with guru laghu at the end. Example: jahI tahI baq.ha pap ka karm, jag te ghata dharm ka bharm. --kalki. (b) Keshav Das has prescribed a bhagha!), 511 at the beginning ofthis metre: avat jat raj ke log. , muratdhari manahu bhog. -ram chadrIka. (c) See illm". (d) See -e-~ tT~ 11. -mr ~ [has hasa] swan among swans, superior swan. "has hasa bag baga lahE man ki jala." -wJ<j chat m 1. 'By shedding the scum of the mind, you will turn from a hypocrite into a pure person.' [h::'isak] a metre. It is also called uchal and p::'iktI. It has four lines, each structured as 511,5,5. Example: bEfam khana. kin madana. khEC krIpana. biran hana.-GPs. Many books of prosody term it as has. 2 Dg a ring or ornament for ankles or toes; jingling anklet. tTRiJrf3" [h::'isgatI] swan's gait. 2 whose gait is like that of a swan. 3 a metre characterised by four lines, each line having twenty matras. The first pause is on the eleventh and the second is on the ninth thereafter, with laghu guru atthe end. Numerous books on prosody have prescribed a raga!), SIS, at the end.

Example: kete kahahI vakha!), kahI kahI jav!)a, ved kahahI vakhIa!), atu na pav!)a.... -var majh. teri panahI khudaI, tu bakhsadgi, sekhfaride kher, dijE badgi.-asa. (b) See l@tt tT ~ 4. ~ [hasgammi] adj she who walks like a swan; one having the graceful gait ofa swan. tfmr [hasat] Seefu1:r3". U'J::i'7ft [hasni] female swan. ~ [hasyan] he who rides a swan; Brahma. :2 she who rides a swan; Sarasvati, wife of Brahma, goddess of speech and eloquence. ~ [h::'israj] See ~. 2 a particular kind of swan; royal swan. ~ [h::'isram] a great poet in the court of the tenth Guru, who, besides other literary works, translated Karan Parav ofMahabharat into Hindi poetry. "km baq.o ya jagat me ko data ko sur? kake ran aru dan me mukh par barsat nur? racyo brahm kar apne dino bhu ko bhar, so to guru gobfd hE nanak ko autar. Ese kahu ke nahi sur surpatI ke bh:m, is munis dIlis e nar nares ke bn? car baran car6 jaha a:;;ram karat anad, ta ko nam anadpur hE anad ko kad. s::'ibat satra Sf baras bavan bitanhar, marag vadI tIthI duj ko ta dIn magalvar, has ram ta dIn karyo karan parab arabh.... prItham krIpa kar rakh kar guru gobfd udar, taka I kare bakh:;;i:;; tab mo ko sath hajar, ta ko ayas paykE kara!) parav mE kin, bhakha arath vIcItr kar sune sukavI parbin." ashirvad"kayam kuber sat sayar sumeru jJb kiratI karan ki karan avgahbi, jJb pJn pandg prdbdl puhmi ke bhar
I

Rupees; silver coins.

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parath ko jJb purkharath sarahbi, jJb ~;IvsaIItal su kavI h~sram kahE jJb ram ravan ko ramay,m cahbi, jJb dhruv dharanI tarun tej rajE jag tJb 1?ri gobId sIgh tere sis sahbi." -amft [h~sli] Skt~. a bone below the neck and above the chest; collar bone. 2 See umft. tfffi!TUO [hasvahan] Brahma, who rides a swan. J'H'il1i']i'll [h~svahni] Sarasvati. -m, iR [h~s v~s] swan's clan (sun). 2 sacred clan, pure clan. ti1fr [h~sa] who own a swan or has a swan; Brahma. "tace hasa sagle jana."-dhana namdev. 2 human soul. "hasa sarvar kal sarir."-gau kabil'. 3 opposite oUt<i. <i (I) "AT (he). "nanak soha hasa japu japahu." -val' maru 1 m 1. J'RJ'ildiij [Msavatar] incarnation ofVishnu who existed in the guise ofa swan. There is a story in the thirteenth chapter of eleventh Sakandh ofBhagvatthat Sankadiks questioned Brahma about the enlightenment of the soul. When Brahma began to ponder for an answer then Vishnu in the guise of a swan provided them metaphysical knowledge. tii:ft [h~si] female swan. <iJ=ro9" IDJ [h~su] See -m,. 2 See fJw. "Msu hetu Iobhu kopu care nadia agI."-val' majh m 1. 3 conscience. "kaIa h~su nnm;':l]u darIsacE jaI).u."-maru solhe m 3. 4 human soul. [MsuIa] swan's son; young swan. "bagule te phunI h~su]a hOVE."-basJt m 1. ~ [h~sesuri]' goddess of swan. Sarasvati, who rides a swan. "kI h~sesuri hE."-datt. ~ [h~k] adj proud, haughty, egoist. "bhne bhumI h~k~."-VN 2 n call, entreaty for help. 3 monosyllablic response, indicating a listener's attention or concurrence. 4 pride.

tfm

[h~ki] adj

proud, haughty. "m~Qe an

h~ki."-VN

tTar [h~g] P .... army, military. See ~.

See })ftBr. <:farrH [Mgam] P (~, n time, occasion. "JaTrw [h~gamaJ P ~~ n community of people. 2 war, battle. 3 expedition. "bahut bafakh ko hUI h~gama."-GPs. See <JaTT}-fT. tfqrQT [hagura] See -q~. "Iae Ia1?tIka det h~gura."-NP. <:fur [h~gh] n capability, strength, vigour. tfureT [h~ghai] strong, capable. "k~n koi kaQhI na h~ghai."--sri m 5 ppaI. 'None dares hear a calumny.' ~ [h~ghura] See 'if~ and 'J-~. tl1:ft [h~ji] only il[~ boatman, oarsman, rower. 'ti1fur [Mjir] See nf;::fRr. 2 See ~. tft::itai [Mjira] !)C> Skt JlO'sAIMI. Scrofula. The causes of this disease are : Disturbance in the digestive system, infection of blood Inherited from the semen and blood of addicted parents suffering from syphilis, living in dirty place and eating rotten and stale food etc. Due to this disease, hard swollen glands are formed around the throat, sometimes these burst and start oozing. Sometimes these glands spread to armpits and chest. To escape this disease, digestive system should function properly. Things causing indigestIOn be avoided. Things prepared from the buds of bauhinia vaiegata and black grams are useful. Eating medicinal nuts like haraTS, drinking essence of china-root and decoction of HID '[it (a medicinal plant common in eastern and central Punjab) and the bark of neem tree is very useful. Decoction of the root of barna tree mixed with honey is very effective. Following are some good ointments for scrofulo:
~ [h~gta]

m.rw

'Ganga.

----

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Take saphed kasgari 6 mashas, sadhur (red 2 wield, wear. oxide oflead or mercury) two tolas, ten tolas ~ [haQhIaya] See ~. of sesame oil; cook these things on low flame ~ [haQhIkE] adv travelling, wandering. in an iron pot, make an ointment and apply it "can gavaIa haQhIkr."-s farid. on glands whether dry or oozing after washing '(jo [hat] Skt~. part joy. 2 grief, pain. 3 so far, them with decoction ofleaves ofnfm margosa now. 4 It is obligatory for Hindus to say 'hat' tree azadirachta indica. while offering food to a guest for religious Take leaves of cotton plant, margosa tree, purposes. See Cl(i:::S:,l'GtC'i "l:hr 13 ~ 12. 5 See ~. "dokh sabhE hi hat."-majh drnTEJ). ~ ~ castor oil tree and of bhagra weighing one chatag grounded in 3 chatag mustard oil, 4 tolas (J3T:. 6 Skt ~. killer, destroyer. "sarab papa of wax and cook in iron pan. When cooked hat jiu."-ram ruti m 5. properly, make the ointment and apply on the ~ [hatkar], ~ [hatkari] adjdestroyer, glands. who devastates. "prabhasm ke pran ko hatkari." White mustard seeds, seeds of suhajana, -carItr 286. 2 Skt ~ n food kept aside after uttering hat. See fu 4.3 sound of bliss. of hemp junica, seeds oflinseed barley, reddish seed be grounded in sour butter milk for ~ [hatna] n bodily pride, corporeal vanity. 2 destroyer. "tIagi h;)mE hatna."-maru solhe applying on the glands. "huti hajira gar mahf tah], m5. det bIkhad mItat so nahi."-GPS. ~ [hata], <Joro [hatar], ~ [hatn] Skt ~ adj killer, assassin. "jIu hata mIrgah."-var ~ [haju], i:hr [hajh] n swan. "aI ulthe hajh." -s farid. 2 heron. "kel karade hajh no."-s farid. asa. "sarab-hata."-japu. 2 hata is also used for ahata. 3 wild goose. ~ [hada] See ~ 2. 2 genitive case part ~ [hajhu] n tears. "dukh hajhu rovr."-BG. ~ [haQia] See uim. "SIr mUQIt hE haQia of. "jas hada baD."-var ram 3. jEse."-GPs. ~ [hadall See FodHole. 2 J1.h son ofemperor Babar, who was born in 1518 and died in 1551. ~ [haQur] or ~ [hfQur] Now this is the name of the princely state of Nalagarh . Ajit His grave is near Babar's tomb. Chand ofKahlur dynasty conquered Nalagarh ~ [hadalie] See FodH(')le. and made it his capital. In history about Guru "ti'o [han] v are. 2 ~-or are not? Gobind Singh, it is referred to as Kahlur only. 'ij7;r [hana] n pommel, usually the rounded part that sticks out at the front ofa saddle on which See~. the bridle is hung. -ij!~~ [haQuria] who is related to haQur. 2 resident ofhaQur. tffi; [hanI] plural of hE. are. "te gUD mE tanI cfv' [hadh], ~ [haQhaD], ~ [haQhanr] Skt hanI."-suhi m 1. ~~ n wander, roam. "haQhanI karma ~ ~ '8"'t!'F.I"'df [hane hane bad~ahi], ~ ~ bahre."-var majh m 1. "haQhE un kataIda Hhft [hane hane miri] chieftainship for every cavalry soldier. Each rider is his own lord. pEdha lOTE patu."-s farid. "kaItu garabI haQhiE?"-var asa. 2 writing. 3 wielding, "hane hane bad~ahi bhogte mahanrye."-PP "hane hane In ki miri."-PP supporting. l Jil'Qa [haQhal,JDa] v to delude, rotate. ~ [hanebaQ], ~ [hanevaQ] a division

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which is done for each rider; each rider's equal share. If hundred riders conqmlred an area it would be divided into hundred parts. The division of wealth and other things is done in the same manner. See 'CX'C>'t h. ~ [habli] See ljol 'ij'tfta' [Mbir] See ~. 2 egoistic hero; a conceited warrior. "hahle habir." -l"amav. 'ti't [MbE] bangar pal"t yes; right; true. It is true. certainly. See~. ~ [Mbhla] l?iti-ID?T courage. 2 impulse to exert oneself, enterprise. 3 desire; zeal. ~ [Mbhi] l?iti 'ffu me too. See ~. ~ [habhE] See ~. 'iP(T [haya] Skt~ adv here, hither. "te hya aI prabhu kahIvae."-VN. "Ese kaha sabh hya na tIko." -kl"IScm. 'qR" [hras] Skt ~ vr decrease, bec:ome less, abate, utter. {}'If [hrasv] Skt ~ adj short. 2 one matra character. 3.dwarf, short-statured. ~ [hrad] Skt ~ n rhythm, beat. :l sound, noise. ~ [hras] Skt."fJJ3 n deficiency loss, subtraction. fq [hrI] Skt"ff vr take, steal, destroy, adopt, collect. fqPr [hrI$] vr be happy, tell lie, get excited. 'fqpftQ [hrI$ik] Skt ~ senses which get pleasure from indulgence. fql'ftaa [hrI$Ik] Skt ~. the: Cr<eator, who is the inspirer of senses. fVI! [hrI$t] Skt ~ adj happy, glad, pleased. ~YJ1 [hrI$t PU$t] Skt~ F happy and fit. ~ [hrIkhik] See ~. fq'3' [hrIt] Skt"Wl" adj stole. 2 snatched. fqt!' [hrId], fq"el:;r [hrIday] mind, heart. 2 chest, breast.

fqet;r '6"H [hrIday ram] See fq'er [hrIda] Se~: 'f<,r:or.

~ [hrIdE] See

<JQ1-IT"i'l ~.

2 in the mind, in the heart. "hrIdE kapatu mukh gIani."-Sol" kabil". 2 in the chest, in the breast. fq~JfUfT8" [hrIdEsaghat] shock to the heart. Heart is wounded in many ways: by a stone, stick, a blow with clinched fist or due to a fall. In the same manner, separation from a relative, some sad and horrifying news can give a blow to the heart. So dUl~ to this the heart gets a shock. It should be treated accordingly. The person whose heart suffers from excessive drinking, due to eating too much of spices or due to hard work, should take nourishing food to strengthen it and remain happy. The damage to the heart can be cured by eating calcinatch horn of a black buck mixed with cow's clarified butter in small quantities. "ardhIsra ar hndESaghata." -Cal"Itl" 405. -qt [hari] SktfJ vr feel shy. 2 abashment, shame. 3 carry, steal, destroy, forsake, prevent, collect, snatch. ~ [hre$] Skt~. vr neigh, go, slip. -gw [hre$a] Skt ~fT n neighing of a horse, neigh, whinny. ~ [hlad] SktE'!~vr enjoy; be happy; rejoice loudly. 2 n bliss, happiness. See~. ~ [hladak] rejoicing. 2 who gives happiness. VlI5" [hval] Skt ~1. vr tremble; be enchanted. W[hva] adv the:re, thither, at that place. 'ifO [hvan] Skt~:1irf n invocation, call, entreaty. -q [hve] Skt vr call, beg, challenge. ~ [hVE] ~ be. 2 adv being.
-,

ftItF1i1.

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cr [kakka] sixth character of Punjabi script, aij'ocr [kautak] Skt ~ n desire. 2 spectacle.
articulated at the velum. Skt n Brahma. 2 Vishnu. 3 Kamdev. 4 sun. 5 light. 6 fire. 7 air. 8 Yam, the god of death. 9 soul, conscience. 10 body. 11 time. 12 wealth. 13 peacock. 14 word, sound. 15 knot. 16 See ci. 17 adj who does. In this situation it comes at the end of the compound words, i.e. tJ1l,.l'Cil', ~ etc. 18 part also used in place ofg. See ~. 19 also short for fucr i.e ~ (reer ~). crij' [kau] postposition for the dative case; to, for. "krIpa jalu dehI nanak sarfg kau." -sohrla. "nam ki baQai dai gur ramdas kau." -s;wEye m 4 ke. See ~. $ [kaus] P?Sktmf'r n pair of shoes. "jInI akas kulah SUI kini kause sapat p Iyala."-bhEr namdev. 2 pair of wooden sandals. See fu:r. ~ [kausak] See afucr. ~ [kausal] See ~ and ~. aQRP(i)R [kausIIs] See ~. crltsr ~ [kauk badar] See ~ -a'eo. $ [kauc] See ~. ~ar [kauQa] See ~ar. 2 small seashells, cowries. See~. "kauQa Qarat hue juari." -g5Q namdev. 'While throwing cowries, the gambler watches his move intently.' ~~ [kauQi] Skt iXlffi:fqr n cowrie (used as money). "kauQikauQijorat."-gujm 5. 2 chestbone. $ [kauD], ~ [kauDu]pron an interrogative: who, which. "kauD kauD apradhi bakhsIanu pIare."-sor m 3. "kauDu su gIani kauDu su bakta."-majh am 5. 3 action that enraptures the mind. "kautak kOQ tamasIa."-var jEt. 4 a wonder. ~~ [kautak-har] adj who performs a miracle. "soi ram sabhe kahe soi kautak-har." -skabir. ~ [kauta] See ~. 2 adj performer of a miracle. 3 who amuses people by doing mimicry. "kapri kaute jaguta."-sri a m 5. qQ-q [kaudh] See ~. ~ [kaudhan] See ~. $ [kaun] ~ [kaunu] who, which. See ~. "kaun karam bIdIa kahu kEsi?"-sor m 9. 2 any, some. "ban bic gae dIn kaune." -krrfjan. ' ... some day went to the forest.' aQaftlfd [kaubcItI] sen~-r8'-ftfu'Mrto-nowin the mind. "maIa kaubcItI dharau."-dhana a m 5. 'nurturing the idea of wealth in the mind.' ~ [kaur] n morsel, mouthful. 2 prince. 3 See

a-a-.

~ [kaurau] See ~. 2 See ~. ~ [kaurpal] See ~.

[kaurav] See ~. acrid, pungent. "ohkade na bole kaura."-suhi chJt m 5. "amnt kaura bIkhIa mithi."-ram m 5. ~ [kauraI], ~ [burapan] n bitterness, pungency, acridity. "mukhI mithi khai kauraI."-prabha am 5. "kaurapan tau na jai." -sorkabir. ~ [kauri] See~. 2 adj bitter, pungent. 3 n embrace, hug.
~ [kaura] adjbitter,

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~ [k;ml], or ~ [k;mlu] n lotus-shaped bowl;

acrid.
~ [kaua]

drinking vessel. 2 Skt m-I'(? "kaulu tu hE kavia tu hE." -sri m 1. 3 heart of the sizc~ of the lotusbud; mind. "manmukh udha kaulu hE, na tIsu bhagatI na nau."-var guj 1 m 3.4 A J]word of honour, utterance, promise. "'putri kaul na paho."-var ram 3.5 a bite, mouthful, morsel. 6 See chl. Ol~ MRd [kaulsar] See ~. Ol~M(')IfiiS [kaulnabhI] See ~~. ~ [kaula] Skt m-rw n Lakshmi, whose abode is in the lotus. "seve caran nIt kaula."-var kan m4. 2 See~. OlijM'R(! [kaulasaI).] See WiWFlO. 2 according to Ratanmala, the location of the ultimate stage, which is the seat ofthe Creator. See 6(@M'Hfe. OlijM'Rfc! [kaulasaI).I] (that) whose seat is ]Iotusshaped; ultimate spiritual realisation, in which, according to the yogic doctrine, the Supreme Being is poised. 2 the Supreme Creator, who is poised on the seat of the ultimate spiritual realisation. "puria satIupan kaulasaI).I." -ratanmala bJno. 'The Supreme Being transcends seven orders and stages.' OlijM'Ri'l [kaulasan] See ~. ~ [kaular] Skt ~ n blue lotus, waterlily, red lotus. "cad dekhI Inge,sahIk;:mlar." -basat m 5. 0l~M'M1 [kaulali] Skt c!lj~t n row of blue lotuses. "kaulali surajmukhi lakkh kaval khrrde rasiale. "-BG. ~ [kaulu] See~. O('ij";nrfe [kaUrataI).I], ~;t'37i [kaurattan] n bitterness, acridity. "bIkhE kaurataI).I sagal mahI."-var gau 2 m 5. ~ [kaura] adj bitter, pungent. 2 neglected, ignored. "kaura kISE na lagai."-var brha m 4. 3 n a subcaste of the Bahujai Khatris. 4 a Jatt subcaste. ~ [kauri] See ~. 2 adj bitter., pungent,

Skt or~ n crow. "kaua kaha kapur carae."-asa kabir. 2 creature given to

sensuality. "jagu kaua namu nahi citI."-asa kabir.3 See ~rr<X'Ol'. 4 See G1c5. 5 a reed like the stick of a weaver's warp. "phasI panI so kaua lae."-cantr 93. 'handled the warps of one hundred sticks.' ~ [kauakag] Skt Sf)cl1lc;CfiIlI a crow that feeds on carrion. "kaua kag kau amnturas paiE."-guj m 4. ~ [kausak] See i5!fF.ror. Olfqa' [kaudhat] See ~. ~ [kaumari] See mroT. ~ [kai] did. "tEsi bIdh kai."-GV 6. 2 adj many, numerous. "kai janam bhae kit pataga." -gau m 5. cm [kas] adv how, what for, in which way. "ram kahat jan kas na tare'?"-gau namd'ev. 2 n bark of a tree like acacia, which can be separated by pulling from the trunk. "kan karI).i kas paiL" -asa m 1. Its , root is cn:ftt:n 3 Skt em whip. 4 Skt onsr hone:, grindstone, whetstone. 5 criterion, touchstone. 6 test, examination. 7P attraction, pull. See 'O(F.[}fO(F.f. Used after a word, it means 'a puller', i.e. Hdls6(F.l 8 P pron someone, somebody. "kas nes dastagir." -trlag m 1. 9 See cm~. "tuphag;m me gulIka kas marat."-GPS. See cW=r. 10 short for 'O('J'jT{1f (cUtw) as in "p:[ttal kahe de bhaQe VICC dahl kas gai hE." 11 short for~. See Offi. ~ [kasauti] Skt orJSJl.l'<!t. n flat s]late of black stone of a special kind, on which is tested.the purity of gold by rubbing it; whetstone. 2 trial, examination. "ram kasauti so sahE jo marjiva hoI."-s kabir. CUI'Ol" [kasak] n shooting pain, pang. 2 old enmity. 3 jealousy. 4 attraction, fascination. 5 See ZH'O('. ~ [kasakI).a], ~R"O(7)T [kasakna] v prick, rankle, pierce. "nIs dIn kaskat hE man

if

if

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.nn.fhr

mero."-GPS. curcRf [k<:>sk<:>r], ~ [k<:>skar] See~. atrG [k<:>s<:>t] SktClYf. n grief, pain. 2 crisis, trouble. aAzaFa [k<:>s<:>tk<:>rI] n which causes pain; poison.-scmama. aHZlij'ij [k<:>satvar] ~. a princely state to the east of Kashmir. King Dashrath's queen Kaikai was the daughter of the king of this state. In the ancient scriptures, this place is mentioned also as Kekay. , In 1687 AD the Rajput king of this state embraced Islam after a treaty with Aurangzeb. Now it is a part of the Jammu state. See~. aHc:lijlijl [kasatvari] adj citizens of Kasatwar. "k<:>te ka:;;miri hathe k<:>s<:>tvari."-k<Jlki. ~ [k<:>stuar], ~ [k<:>s<:>tvar] See~. "g<:>J). yahI bh<:>yo k<:>s<:>tvar nnpa. jfh kek<:>yI dham suta supr<:>bha."-ramav. 'Qffi!T [k<:>sJ).a] Skt ~ v pull. 2 tie securely. 3 press; hammer. 4 dry by frying in clarified butter. QFI"3' [k<:>s<:>t] adj tight. 2 In Shastarnammala some ignorant writer has written k<:>sat in place ofh<:>s<:>t. "k<:>s<:>t karikar prItham kahI pun an s<:>bad sunaI". The actual text is "h<:>s<:>t k<:>rikar pntham kahI". h<:>starI and karikar-an stand for a sword, which can chop offan elephant's trunk. ~'ijT [kastura], ~fu [kastunl ~fu"ar [kasturIka] ~ [kasturi] Skt ~ 'TT, Cfi~CfiI, ~ deer ofa particular breed whose navel secretes fragrant fluid. musk-deer. It is smaller than a deer of the red-brown species and lives in cool places, especially on high mountains. The aftereffect of deermusk is hot and wet and it is used in preparing many medicines. L Moschus Moschiferus. Poets are of the view that this deer, fascinated by the fragrance of musk present in its own navel, nurtures an illusion that the

scent comes from the jungle and gets tired of running in search of it. This illustration applies to those who, not realising that the soul is identical with eternal bliss, seek joy in worldly pleasures. "jIu k<:>sturi mIr<:>gu n<:> jaJ).."-var sor m 3. "kastun kugu ag<:>ru cadan."-sri m 1. ClJre' [kasad] A ~ n resolution, thought, resolve. 'QA7jT [k<:>sna] See 'Qffi!T. cmfo [kasanI] n a rope or lace with which an object is securely tied. "k<:>s<:>nI b<:>h<:>t<:>rI 1agi tahI."-b<Jsat k<Jbir. Here the reference is to the seventy-two veins. ~ [b:;;niz] P or coriander. See

r.:

mr->'>f8' how-now. "chutE kasab lagan lag gai." -c<Jritr 289. 2 A ~ n profession, occupation, work. "IS brabar Jr bh<:>g<:>tI n<:>m jo kasab kark badgi karE. "-prem sumar<Jg. 3 condemnable deed. 'QJi8T [k<:>sba] A ~ n town. 2 handpump, water tap. 'Q'H1ft [kasbi] adj resident of a town; of a town, related to a town. 2 professional. See amf 2. 3 one who does condemnable work. See amf 3. ~ fkasam] A n oath, vow. 2 resolution. 3 P ~ 1will pull. 'QEI1-f'aF.I' [ka:;;amka:;;l P ~ n struggle, tussle. amfli5' [kasmal], 'QFJ1-R5 [kasma1ul Skt qF,ffl?' n loss ofconsciousness; a fit. 2 sin, vice. "SIman SIm<:>n k<:>sm<:>l sabh haru re."-g<Ju m 9. cmfi.ro [k<:>smIn] ~ seventh declension: in which. "kasmIn :;;astra pravnttI dIj?"-GPS. "he dVIj, tav kasIman :;;astre pravnttIh?" 'O! Brahmin in which branch of knowledge are you adept?' ernHta' [ka:;;mir] Skt qF,f-mr an enchanting region in the north-west ofIndia, 84,258 square miles in area with a population of32,20,518. To the north of Kashmir is the Himalayan mountain
cunr [kasab]

t:I01nfT.

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range, to its south are Jehlum and Gujarat etc, to the west are Hazara and Rawalpindi and to the east is Tibet. King Lalitadity was a renowned ruler of Kashmir who expanded his empire by defeating the king of Kanauj in 740 AD. Martand temple, which Yashovardhan got built, is famous all over the world, but only its ruins are to be seen now. In the 14 th century, a large number of Kashmiri people got converted to Islam. Emperor Akbar annexed Kashmir into the Mughal empire in 1587 AD. Jahangir made lots of efforts to enchance its beauty. After Aurangzeb, there was turmoil in Kashmir for a long time. In the middle of the 18 th century, _ it became independent ofthe Mughal rule. At last in 1819 (5 Saun Sammat 1876) Maharaja Ranjit Singh conquered it. After the AngloSikh War, Gulab Singh bought it in 1846 AD.' Now it is a part of the Jammu state, Srinagar with as it capital. It is at a height of 5276 feet from the sea level. Its saffron and heavily embroidered shawls are very famous. Here beautiful engravings are done on wood. Its fruit are very sweet. In Raj Tarangini, Kalhan, the poet, has penned the history of Kashmir in a style that is so elegant. Following are the places rendered sacred by visits of the Gurus: 1 Guru Nanak Dev visited the city of Srinagar, and made Shankracharya mountain his seat, but such being the apathy ofthe Sikhs, no gurdwara has been erected here. 2 There is a beautiful pool near a mount beyond Gulmarg. The Guru visited this place also. 3 Guru Nanak Dev also visited Harmukh Ganga, which is between Srinagar and
ISee Gulab Singh 5.

Baramula on the other bank pf Jehlum. 4 Kaliyan Sal', where there is a spring ofpure water, was rendered sacred with a visit by the Guru. Bhai Mohar Singh ofPunsh has got a gurdwara built over here. This place is seven miles away from the 38 th milestone on the metalled Kashmir road. S Three miles from Dumel Parao, on the confluence of Kisan Ganga and Jehlum is Naluchhi village, which Guru Hargobind visited. A gurdwara has been built here, where every Sunday and on the occasion ofBaisakhi a fair is held. 6 In Baramula there is a holy place where Guru Hargobind set his foot. See ~. 7 A gurdwara of Guru Hargobind is also situated at Kathi gate in Srinagar. He stayed here while on a visit to bless Mai Bhagbhari.
See~.

8 In several villages, where the Guru stayed, there are places known as th;:lra sahIb. ~ [k;:lsmirghas], cv:n-flm:r [k;:lsmir;:lj] grass of the Kashmir; saffron. "k;:lsmirghas ghor;:lt subas."-manu. ~ [k;:lsmiri] adj of Kashmir state, related to Kashmir, Kashmiri. qmr [k;:ls;:lr] A ./' n deficiency, loss. 2 part, portion, section. :3 act of breaking. 4 a muslim tribe in the RawaJlpindi area from which many villages have corne to be known as Balaksar. C5ffre'a" [k;:lsr;:lt] A .::./ n exercise, practice, toil. 2 A .::. profusion, abundance. ~ [k;:lsv;:lti], c~ [k;:lsv;:ltti]~. See ~. "m;:lnu ramI k;:lsvati laIa."-asa chJt m4. cmr [kasal Skt orEIT n rope, fastener. 2 whip, lash. "k;:l$t n;:lr;:lk ko k;:lsa dIkhav;:ln kijIye." -NP. "kar kasa kuthare."-akal. ~ [bsau] n tightness, pull. ~ [bSaI 1 Sktcf1Pl:;r adj astringent.

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2 catechu-coloured, saffron-coloured. 3 n 'Ql'TFfu:r an acrid liquid flowing from a mine, used for separating gold dissolved in acid, and astringent substance. 4 gum. 5 kalyug, evil era. cmr8l [kasai] n act of pulling. 2 attraction, helpful in testing the specific quality of steel. Sulphas ferri. fascination. "sabadI suhai prem kasai."-vClQ chat m 3. "akhi premI kasaia."-var kan m 4. ~ [ka$idgi] P S~ n pulling. 2 annoyance. "han premI kasae."-var guj 1 m 3. 3 A Jl..J. cn:fteo [ka$idan] P '.:J~ v embroider; draw. is also correct and its root is ~,; (hard- cn:ft;:r [ka$ida] P ~~ embroidered. 2 n embroidered (flower etc.) with a needle on heartedness) meaning a butcher. cloth. "kaq,hI kasida pahIrahI coli."-bClS5t m cmTff [kasas] n admonition, punishment. "sahfde bahut kasas."-mClgo. See fcu:r1:r. 1. 3 A ~ adj thick, dense. 4 n a poetic composition in which the verse is closely ~ [kasab] A ...... W;; n slaughterer, butcher. QWftr [kasabI] 'butcher (in the nominative interwoven, which should not have fewer than case). See cn=rT'a'. "maha kasabI churi 15 stanzas. "karyo kasida pe$ guru ke."-GPS. satIpai."-ram m 5. 'The indignant butcher cu:fta" [kasir] Skt ~ n sharp bristles growing threw away the knife of violence. , on the ears of corn as rice, barley or wheat 0l'fl'Ta' [kasar] Skt ~ n pajiri, a preparation of adj broken, disintegrated. etc; awn. 2 A / flour, roasted in clarified butter and made 3A / lots of; in excess; abundant. sweet with sugar. See ~. 2 See crnTa'. cmt6r [kasira], ~ [kasiro] n one fourth of a cmrw [kasala] n ~ trouble, botheration. "anbe paisa. 2 itw [dhela] half a pice. "kamuk matr kasire ke kam na."-VN. "kaq,q,h kasira sJpIa het kasala kyo tum jhala?"-GPS. 2 A ~ laziness. raVIdas gaga di bheta."-BG cUR' [kasI] securely. See m=r 9. 2 See ornT. a1J [kasu] SeeaFf. 2 pain, warning. "drum sapur 3 adv after warning or testing. "ape kIS hi jIu nIvE khaVE kasu."-sClveye m 2 ke. ' ... Iike a tree ladden with fruit bends and has to suffer kasI bakhse."-maru sohle m 1. 4 after pulling, after rubbing. "kaSI kaswlti laiE."-asa am 1. the onslaught of stones.' ~~ [kasIaUl).a] v for eatables to get CllJ'Q' [kasudh] impure, adulterated. See~. astringent in a utensil of bronze. 2 get w3 [kasubh], cxff~ [kasubhraJ, ~ [kasubha] astringent. Skt ~ n flame; a plant which has flamecoloured flower and hard core like saffron. crll:n:r [ka$I$] P n attraction, pull, Its red colour is gaudy, but fades fast in the gravitation. ~ [kasIkar] See~. "kasmir kaSIkar sun and in water. In Gurbani, the glitter of kabaj kabul ko kino."-cantr 217. material things is compared with this colour. crfi:ry [kasIpu] Skt ert'F.ry n a mattress made "kura rag kasubh ka."-sri m 3. "hathu na laI from straw. 2 pillow, cushion. 3 cot, bedstead. kasubhrE jalI jasi dhola. "--suhi farid. See Rfu. 4 diet; food got from different households. 2 a reddish brown distillate or juice of opium, 5 clothes, attire. 6 See used extensively in Rajputana. "pan q,araI 'QJ'ft [kasi] n spade; implement for digging soil. kasubhro ruro."-cantr 111. 'liquor mixed with 2 subdistributary of a canal. 3 v past tense of opium sap.' atliil,reM' [kasubhaIla] adj having the colour of ~. cmtJ:r [kasis] n attraction, pull, gravitation. 2 Skt a kusubh flower. 2 with the colour ofkusubh,

J()

JY

mn-r.

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725
suggestive offlamboyant and false things. See
qff~.
~
~

[kasut] See

~3".

v untie. [kasur1 See ~o. aft [kase] P L pron someone. ~ [k::lseral Skt CX"'F.fuo n grasscutter. 2 Skt ~FlJrcFo one who makes bronze utensils. ~ [kasEla} See a:wfu. orFicT [kas:Jti] See ~. ~ [kas~mall See w:I1-ft5. "pap kas~mal bhane." -gau var 1 m 4. cU!tr [kassap] Skt01BJRf I adj ~(liquor)1..f(one who drinks); who drinks liquor. 2: n son of Brahma's son Marichi reckoned as a Prajapati; whose son was Vaman the deity. "pun dhara brahm kassapavtar."-braham. Simritis and Purans mention that Kashyap married Daksh Prajapati's thirteen daughters (Aditi, Diti, Danu, Vinta, Khassa, Kadru, Muni, Krodha, Arishta, Ira,Tamra, Ilaand Pradlha). They gave birth to all the living beings of the world. 3 adj with dark teeth. ~ [kassapsut] Kashyap's son, Vaman. 2 Indar. 3 sun. "kassapsut nIksIo."'--GV 6. 'CilfI!o [kasCIt] Skt ~ pron somebody, anybody. ~ [ka~t] Skt n suffering, ache. ~ [kastrrpu] sword-sanama. 2: ambrosia, nectar. ~ [ka~tvarl See O(HC~ICl and W1~. 0(1~IJlnrr [ka~tvaria] a Rajput subcaste. Its capital was Kastvar. See '8"'itqTCJ'. ~ [kasyl Skt pron whose. 2 :0(BJf adj drawn or sucked through a pipe. 3 n liquor, wine. cmiI1..f [kd~yap] one who drinks liquor. See cfmr.
'In etymology,
p<J~Y<Jk

~ [ka~udan] P r.:)J,lf

em

~ [ka~yapsut] See ~3". 0!F.r.iItIY'a' [ka~yap-pur] a major city of Kashmir, now called Srinagar.. It was founded by sage Kashyap after killing demon lalodbhav. ~tiI" [kd~yap-prIY] liquor, which is very dear to Kashyap. 2 Indar. 3 Vaman. 4 sun etc. dear to Kashyap for being his sons. om [kah] adv where, at what place. "man, kah ahakar aphara?"-dev'm 5. "garabh jonI kah aVE?"-nat m 5 :2 sometime, any time. "kah phulahI anad b:[khE sag kab hasno kab roiE." -dev m 5. 3 pron what. "kah karE mula kah karE sekh?"-bhEr kabir. 4 See cmo. 5 See 0]'. 6 part of, belonging to. 7 to. "asuraD kah Im agya dini."-saloh. [kah~l sufffor, for the sake of. 2 to, for. "guru manu a kaha kahyo sudhari."

-VN.
~ [kahaul, cf<J<J [kahahu] recite, utter.

is the antonym

ofk<l~Y<Jp. pa~yak

means an observer. In several scriptures, one addicted to drinking is mentioned as kasyap. See aBJr'-l11{Gr.

"kahahu gusai unIiE keh?"-gau m 5. 2 may I speak, may I recite. "kahau kaha apni adhmai."-toc;fi m 9. ~ [kahak] n cawing of crows. 2 peel of laughter. See 6(lJO((JT. omom ~ [kahkah divar] See 0(lJ0((JT ~ "jIS prakar kahkah divar."-GPs. ~ [kahkahal A ,:} n onom peel oflaughter. C(ijC(ij1c:: [kahkahat] n See 0(lJ0((JT. noise of loud laughter. "kahkahat kahO kal sunan." -cantr 52. ~ ~ [kahkaha divar] P Ai.J~ n a wall in China, by looking at which one starts laughing loudly. This wall is 1500 miles long, 20 feet high and as many feet wide. At gaps ofevery 100 yards, strong minarets have been raised. King Sihvangti of China got it built in 213 BC to stop invasions by his Mangol enemies. 2 Now this term is used for very challenging and astonishing tasks. See Fi'3'~ and cmcm t:flwa..

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n mixture of mud and chaff used as building material. ~ [kahal)], ~ [kd1wa] Skt mI7l n utterance, statement. "kure kahal) kahan."-var bIla m 3. "tamE kahIa kahal)u."-va<;l ch{jt m 1. "kahna sunl)a akath." -prabha m 1. iiRl'f.!" [kdhal) I ] by uttering, through talking. "kahal)I na va<;la hOI."-sri m 1. ~ [kdhal)u] See~. au! [kahI)E] through talking, by saying. "kahl)E kathanI na bhijE gobfdu."-sor m 5. 0l'U3' [kahat] adv saying, talking. "kahat sunat kachu jog na hou."-bavall. 2 A JJ n starvation, famine. ~ [kahtau], CJ3T [kahta], ~ [kahda] adj (one) who speaks, or narrates. 2 speaks, narrates. "kahtau partau sUl)tau ek."-dhalla a m 1. "kahde kace sunde kace."-anJdu. ~ [kahan], qu('iT [kdhna], CJQ [kdhanu] See C:J<'!. "prabhu kahan malan dahan."-kan m 5. "ustatI kahanu na jaI."-phunhe m 5. ~ [kdhyon] See ~. CJ6' [kahar] 1'1 wrath, anger. 2 oppression, tyranny. 3 punishment, penalty. 4 calamity, disaster. 5 suffering. ~ [kaharna] v groan, cry with pain, beseech for pity. 2 suffer pain. "bastra na pahIrE ahInISI kahrE."-var asa. See CilBO. ~ [kahri] adj angry, irate. "maha bir kahri dup-hari ko bhanu mano."-c{j<;li 1. 2 n a Rajput subcaste. ~ [kaharu] See CilBO. "jaharu kaharu sava pah<)ru."-sava m 1. ~ [kdhal] n fever, pain. 2 adj agitated, nervous. "kuram kahal phaniphan naskat hE." -52 Poets. 'The tortoise underneath the earth gets nervous.' 3 See ~. 4 See orf'<:R;). orcJ(i5' ~ [kahal gau] a town ten kohs to the east of Bhagalpur in Bihar, visited by Guru Teg Bahadur. The gurdwara here is under the

~ [kdhgal], ~ [kdhgII] P

J!'

supervision of the chief priest ofPatna Sahib. ~ [kdhlur] part ofBilaspur, a feudal state. Its feudal Rajputs originated from Chanderi (Malwa). Bhim Chand, king ofKahlur fought unwarranted battle against the tenth Guru and damaged the country a lot. See fuwRy~ and
~.

mJT [kaha] said, uttered. 2 advwhere. Skt~.

A;;

"kaha sukhel tabela ghore?"-asa am 1. 3 why, what for. "SImrat kaha nahi."-sor m 9.4 pron whom. "an kaha pahI javahu?"-sar m 5. ~ [kdha] See CI(]T 2. ~ [kdhaul)a] v get one iterate, make one utter. iil'tJ'Iit [kahai] loincloth. See ~. croru [kahah] n brouhaha. 2 uproar, lamentation, outcry. "bIn bohIth bhE <;lubiE pure, kadhi pa I kahah." -sor a m 1. "bha kahah ko sabad mahana."-NP. ~ [kdhal)] n discussion, oration. 2 saying, discourse. ~ [kahal)i] CIiJTOT [kahaniJ n story, tale. "akath ki karahI kahal)i."-anJdu. ~ [kahano] n narration, context. "srJn sunyo sakhI, pritI kahano."-krISall. ~ [kdhar] n a: (water) (J"I'O (carrier), water carrier. 2 palanquin bearer. 3 A .JL:j the Creator, inflicting his wrath upon mean and ignoble persons. "sIphat kahar satar hE."-GPS.
~[kahaval)],~[kahaval)u]See~.

"musdlmal)u kahaval)u muskalu."-var majh m 1. 'Claiming to be a true Muslim is arduous.' ~ [kahavat], ~ [kahavath] n proverb, saying. 2 riddle, puzzle. 3 tale. "ua ki kdhi na jaI kahavat."-sar m 5. "manmukh Jdhu kahavath."-maru m 5. Olfu [kahI] See em. 2 to. "prabhu ju, to kahI laj hamari."-hajare 1O. cffij [kahf] adv where. 2 See qfu 2. ~ [kohIo], ~ [kahIau], ~ [k<)lua]

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said, told, uttered. "kahIO na bujhE adh." -prabha m 1. "kahIa na manE SUI khak chanE."-jEt chat m 5. afuFfarr [kahIsagal can say, can tell. "Ik gu]). nahi prabhu kahIsaga."-maru solhe m 5. ~ [kahIgall See ~. ~ [kahI]).al v narrate, say. 2 n big spider that weaves a cobweb in the houses. See 0RJ7iT. Q'fu3" [kahItl See ~. 2 adj said, stated. 3 n utterance. "rahIt kahIt ke sath b<:tQere."-{IPs. 'through what one says and does.' ~ ~ [kahIt-ah kahti] mere utterance; empty statement. "kahIt-ah kahti su]).i, rahat ko khusi na ayhu."-savEye m 3 ke. 2 utterances of the poets. afua'r [kahItal narrator, spokesman. afuor [kahmal See ~. afu()I'i!d [kahInavat], aftma" [kahIbat] See
~.

aftnr [kahul See amr. afual [kahuil See -auoT. 2 See fi:~l 3 See -&um.
a:ft:rz;r [kahIIl S mercy, compassion.
~ [kahIvat] See~. 2 statement,

conversation, tete-a-tete. "gur ki kahIvat sakal sunai."-GPS. am [kahi] stated, told. "upma jat na kahi." -bIla am 5. 2 See w:it. '''kahi curai."-GPS. 3 anybody. "hIau na thahe kahi da."-s [arid. 4 a practice common with revenue officers in the olden times. Assessors used to go to the fields and after estimating the quantum of the crops got the boundary lines raised between the fields with a spade and noted down their number. This practice was called kahi kClrna. 5 also used for plunder, meaning to take stock ofthe fields without authorization. "nubhE jaI kahi kar av'E."-GV 10.6 a group ofsappers, who used to go ahead of the army cleaning the path with spade-like implements, was also

called kahI. E Sappers and Miners. "kahI ChIri turkan lakhi."-PPP. 7 See e:fl'. "kahi na upjE."-asa kabir. -auT [kahi] Skt c~(JTflf adv at some place, somewhere. ~ [kahiat] (used to be) said, stated. "kahiat das tumara."-maru In 5. ~ [kahu] speak, utter. 2 n speech, tale. "suk sag raje kahu kahi."-krIsan. See~. ~ [kahul adv somewhere, anywhere. crsfa- [kahukl advat a particular place. 2 at a particular time. o:<i [kahu] See <rtf. "kahu na bhijE sajam suami."-dhana m 5. ~ [kahukl See gJc\. 2 See rgD'a". ~ [kahatl deliver a discourse. "kahat beda gu]).at gunia."-sa.has m 5. ~ [kahyon] orful")fT-~r> he said. "IIau kahyon, lIaIh6."--krIsan. 'He said, 'Bring' and the response was: I am bringing.' ~ [kakai], [kak-hi] Skt ~ n comb. orao [kakm] short form for ~ bull, studbull. See~, ~~i'\. 2 For many this word means water-fowl. "ltokak kakan kok."-NP. 'rainbird, cuckoo or partridge.' crnQ [kakar] Skt crn"o n pebbles. "kakaru cuganI."--s [arid. 2 See l.f'W a"a"O. cm6t [kakril See ,:xa31~. 2 corncob of a wild plant. "raja ram kakri abre pakae. "-asa kabir.

cram

See~.

[kakaru] See cmcr 1. ~ [kakreji] P ,J~f(black colour with red hue. "dastar ko subh kakreji rag."-GPs. qa;f [kakarl n hill deer, smaller than one ofthe red-brown species. It barks like a dog. So in English it is calle~d a barking deer. Beautiful objects like gloves and socks are made from its skin. a-a;ft [kakril Skt 'orafi't melon; oblong fruit; cucumber.
'aa'[

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~ [kakl'Ell skin of a hill deer. See ~. ~ [kakl'Elil adj made of the skin of a hill

cn!"

deer. See~. ~ [kakal pronunciation of character or. 2 or character. "kaka Karan karta sou."-bavan. ~ faott [kaka kIkil n recitation of consonants along with vowels; recitation drill for learning by rote. "dua tia visrE sal) kaka kIki."-BG. 'all the tables and recitation ofconsonants with vowels.' 2 S ~-fuoft young child, male or female. aor'Q [kakarl See aqT and aw. ~ [kakutasthl See QT)-f 3 and lJ~tn:if for Ram Chandar's genealogy. ~ [kakudl Skt n peak of a mountain, high mound. 2 canopy, whisk of a peacock's tail etc as a sign of royalty. 3 hump of a bull. ~ [kakudasthl See lJ~. ~ [kakudmml Skt Cfi't,i\fi:I'\, bull with a heavy hump, male bull, stud bull, buffalo bull. 2 bullock. ~ [kakubhl Skt n Shiv. 2 a mountain. 3 round part of a musical string instrument like lute or lyre. 4 according to Ling Puran, a place of pilgrimage. 5 a metre, with three lines as its distinctive feature, the first having eight, second twelve and third eighteen characters, there being no laghu guru norm at the end. Example: bhajo sada da~me~, karE ~rIgalan turat mrIge~, catka baz kag hVE h;'}sa patbijna dIne~. ~ [kakubha] a metre also called 'kukubh' and 'pramodak' with four lines, each line having thirty matras, pauses being at 16-14 matras with two guru's at the end. Example: ~astar vIdya sIkkhi nahi, na tur~g di asvari, sIkkhi di na rahIt kamai,

tankhahia hE bhari.... cl'ara" [kakkarl See~. 2 ofa snow-like pebble. 3 pebble of snow; hailstone. 4 a Khatri subcaste. It is also pronounced as kakkal'. ~ [kakkal'l See ~ and cl'ara". crOfT [kakkal pronunciation of character or. 2 those signs of the Sikhs whose initial sound is 'k' i.e. ke~ (hair), kIrpan (sword), kacch (breeches coming to the knees). 3 a clan, settled on the eastern bank of Jehlum. It originated from the Khatris. 4 See~. 5 See ~qr. 6 adj brown. ~ [kak~al Skt n armpit. 2 gateway, porch. 3 equality, uniformity. 4 a small measure of weight. 5 orbit ofthe revolving planets. 6 hem of a c~oth; loose or hanging end of a cloth. Ql:f [kakhl Skt C& n dry stalk of grass; straw. Ql:fTfu [kakhaIl See ev::fl'fu. W:fT8t [kakhail adjofashen-grey colour; saffron coloured. 2 loose end of a long cloth worn round the waist and covering the lower body. "tel' dhoti kakhai."-var asa. According to Hindu scriptures, the prescription is to tie a loose cloth around the waist, three parts of which are to be tucked.

"crrit ~

uf1'r:
~

~ CFif[ c:r:r ~ I CF~: ~ <iT ~ ~: ~:."

(f<TI

m:

-atrI SImrItI. 1

[kakhutarl in the womb. "ardh raha tan mat kakhutar."-cantr 297. oraRf [kagar1 n wavy line made on sand by the blowing wind. 2 bank of a river. 3 raised boundary of a field; field's demarcating line. Cffi" [kacl n rawness. "kac pakai othE pa I." -japu. 2 glass. "kacahu kkan bhaIo."-savEye m 4 ke. 3 See or;;r. 4 n dross of iron. "paras paras kac k;'}cna huI." -savEye m 4 ke. 5 Skt hair, which shine on the head. (~ vr shine, articulate) "kac ghOghrara J hara."-ramav.
I

yagy viJbky has also confirmed it.

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CftlTET

"chatri VEsan ke kac hare."-GPS. 6 cloud; son ofVrihaspati. 1 "baruni k;m kaVI syam bhanE kac ke hIt to bhngunad karayo. "-knsan. In Brahamvaivart and Mahabharat etc there is the story that Shukar, mentor of the demons, acquired the knowledge ofturning the dead alive. So the dead began rising and Kach, son of Vrihaspati, became his disciple, and started acquiring this knowledge from Shukar. The demons began to think that the gods would become invincible, if Kach acquired this knowledge. If anyone of them died in the battle, Kach would bring him back to life. For this reason, the demons killed Kach. Shukar's daughter Devyani, who was in love with Kach, got perturbed in his absence. She prevailed upon her father to make Kach alive again. Several times the demons killed Kach, but with Devyani's grace, he was brought to life every time. In the end, irked by this, the demons minced Kach, dissolved him in molasses, a mixture of water, jaggery and acacia, distilled it into liquor and made Shukar drink it. On Devyani's request, when Shukar called Kach, he responded from inside his belly. Shukar taught him how to revive the dead inside the belly. He got Kach out of his bdly by tearing it apart. With the help of his knowledge Kach revived Shukar. ~ [kac-arI] n Romnashni, which is destroyer ofkac (hair).2 "kac-an lay dur kac kIye."-carrtr 119. 2 razor. C('tl'ij"ijt [kac-hari] Skt ~~; which puts an end to a condemnable act - the court. 2 eradicator of hair. See ~.
'In Sanskrit occur both the words i.e. ~[bnhaspatI] and ~ [vnhaspatiJ. 'A mixture of man;nI, hartaI, cuna (kaIi), Iota sajji, dissolved in water, when applied to the body, removes the hair.

~ 1. [kackara] glass bangle. 2 glass bead. ~ [kackol] PJ.$' n mendicants' begging bowl. "bhar kackol ~rasad da."-BG. ~ [kacdhaga] fragile thread, meaning a feeble relationship. "jute kac dhage."-var ram 2 m 5. CrtJO cfu' [kacan kacc] adj most unripe, not ripe at all; transitory to the utmost. 2 who cannot be firm even for a short while. 3 devoid offaith. CrtJOTa' [kaenar], crtrc'l'1.'? [kaenal] Skt CflI5(iF"lI{ n a tree, whose flowers are cooked as vegetables for treating maladies of blood. L Bauhinia Variegata. Cl'tlr(')Cl~ [kacanIkacu] See 6(130413. "adha kaca kacanIkacu."-sri m 1. 'C("tl'1.f'8' [kacpac], m31.fTi3T [kacpaca], ertl'""fu" [kacpIcl, ~ [kacpIcu] adjnot fully baked, unfaithful. "bInaSI jaI kura kacpaca."-gau m 4. 2 n falsehood and lack of faith. "kacpIc bolde se kUrIar."-var gau 1 m 4. 'C('tl"ijT [kaera] n fruit like melon, or water melon etc, which is yet not ripe. Cl'tl\j'!l::a [kaeraIl).] onom sound of eating raw fruit; gossip, babble. "bharamI bhule nar karat kaCraIl).. "-bhcr m 5. 2 unripeness; an utterance that cannot stand logic. atl"6t [kacri] n dry slice of an edible wild fruit borne on a creeper. ~ [kaqa], a:'tJT [kaca] adj not ripe, raw. 2 lacking in faith; who does not have conviction. "jo hukam na bujhE khasam ka soi nar kaca."-var maru1 m 3. 3 liar; who breaks a vow. "bac;m karl' te khIsakIjaI boll' sabhu kaca."-var maru 2 m 5. "jInI man I horu mukhI horu s I kac;lhe kacIa. "-asa farid. "nanak kaqIa SIU tor."-var maru 2 m 5. 4 mortal. "kaIa kaci kaca ciru hac;lhae."-majh am 3. C("tl"I'ffi [kacai] n unripeness.

CrtJfu6t [kac-hIri] See

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[bca:r:t] n rawness, immaturity. 2 ad) raw. "rag kasGbh kaca:r:t."-g3q m 4. ~ [bcaru], ~ [bcalu] n a type of tuber which like potato grows under the soil. It is viscous and pungent like yam and causes cough. It is eaten boiled with sauce. As cooked vegetable, its dish tastes well. patJr (a snack of pabras prepared from its leaves mixed with gram flour, spiced and fried) is made. "~abr kacaru lyae."-carItr 24. L Arum Colocasia. ~ ~ [kaci sari] an unreliable pawn. See tioit FI"'QT. "ape dhan dekhahI bci paki sari." -ma)h am 3. ~ [kacici] n gritting of teeth or tightening of jaw in anger. ~ ,rm [kaci coli] ad) not a lasting dress, suggestive of body being perishable. "kam krodh ki kaci coli."-maru solhe mI. ~ tr'Q [kaci dhatu] ore extracted from a mine which is not purified; unrefined person. ~ trit [kaci ba:r:ti] n utterance sans practice. 2 a composition going against the doctrine of Guru Nanak Dev. "satguru bIna hor kaci hE ba:r:ti. "-anadu. iWtHfu" [kaci matI] wisdom without firm belief. "kaci matI phika mukhI bol."-mam solhe m 3. ~ [bcu] n glass. 2 ?dj of fading colour. "na bhagva na kacu."-var maru 1 m 1. a'ijfl'la'ij [kacunIkacu] See ~. "jo man jamE su kaeunIkaeu."-var asa. ~ [kacupark] sen by pulling out the hair. "SIro kaeuparkE."-carItr 150. ~ [kacua] ad) raw, unripe. "manmukh rag kasGbh hE kacua."-mali m 4.2 offading colour. 3 See~. ~ [kaeur] Sktmf~ n wild turmeric. It is used in several medicines. L Curcuma Zerumbet. ~QT [kacJri] n a salted delicacy, which is stuffed with ground material and then fried in clarified butter or oil. Its original name is
QtJT(!"

ghnteJri, which means absorber of oil.

ol';:p- [bcca] See atJT. ol';:p- ri, [bcca bola] xa an utterance that goes

against the ethos and practice of the Khalsa like roti instead of prasade, kha:r:ta instead of chak:r:ta, pagri instead of dastar etc. crnt JJTOl [beei sari] See 01BT FI"'QT. crnt m=ret [kacei rasoi], cfu1 ~ [kacci roti] per Hindu religion, food cooked in water i.e. ~ [dal], roti and boiled rice etc. See tl'oit oHm. mr [beh] See~. 2 See cf6. 3 tortoise, turtle.
See~~.

~it [kachauti] n small underwear, or

drawers worn by wrestlers. "karam kan kachauti maphitasI ri."-dhana trIloc;:m. asftre'r [kach-hrra] a special type of stitched underwear worn by the baptised Sikhs. mr ~ [bch kuram] See a5 3 and ~ 5. ~ [beh:r:ta] v measure boundaries of the fields. 2 plan; design a loose cloth. "kura kaparu kachiE."-var suhi m I. iUl"it [beh:r:ti] female tortoise. 2 power of reincarnated Kashap. aiii'IT [bchni] small underwear. ~ [kachap] See cti:tr. ~ [behvaha] a Rajput subcaste, of which Maharaja Kashvaha of Jaipur was a descendant. Many poets have held that devotees of Kashap deity are known by the name of Kashvaha. "jay SIgh bhup huto kaehvaha."-GPs. ~ [bchar] See cf6 1. "nrksyo janu SIgh kachar tr.."-GPs. ~ [behu] See ~q. "kaehu bIgno nahan ajahu jag."-basat m 9. 2 n turtle, tortoise. 3 Kashap deity. "ape maehu kachu kar:r:tikaru." -maru solhe m I. awa- [kaehuk], [kaehu], [behua], ~ [kaehuak] ad) a little, bit ofsomething. 2 a little, a bit of, a little bit. "ham bank bchua na

aw

awr

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janahI gatI mItI."-jet m 4. "man sCJmjhavan easily be resumed. Vyas has written that the back of this tortoise extended over one lac karne kachuak pariE gIan."-bavan kabir. "kachu sIanap ukatI na mori."-suhi a m 5. YOJans. 3 When bchu or kuch is suffixed to another ofstft [bcchpi] Skt n female tortoise. word, the word denotes a thing or an object. ~ [kacchal], c:f5;JW [kacchala] adj who wears "sabhkachu prapat hOI tumko."-saloh. drawers. 2 who practises celibacy. See ~. ~ [kachua] n tortoise, turtle. "kachua sakh c:hft [kacchi] n womb. 2 Skt armpit. 3 inner bajave."-asa hbir. See ~. 2 a type of part of a shirt which is towards the armpit. 4 belonging to the Kacch area. "ucchlIye stringed musical instrument, with its gourd kacchi kacchale."-ramav. 5 who wears an shaped as a tortoise; sItar. underwear kacch. ~ [kdchotra], ~ [bchota] small underwear. See ~. 2 body, mortal frarGe. "gaya 4 [kacchu] See ~. cii{TU"" [kachhvaha] See ~. "kachhvahe kachota laddha."-GPs. rath::lre baghele khac;lele."-carItr 320. ~ [kachot], ~ [kachotI] adj ~~-W3" not worthy of touch; which should not be touched. Crtr [kaj] P (; n bend, curve. 2 deficiency, shortage, loss. "sou suratvat raei brahma karkE "nam bIna jhuthe kucal kachotI."-bIla am 1. atI hi rucI, kE na kajE."-krISdn. 3 Skt Lotus ~ [kach::lti] See ~. that grows from water. k;':ij is also a Sanskrit [bchch] Skt ~ region close to the bank of a river etc; kachar. 2 a state in the area of word. 4 See ~, 5 P;f short for fu"-fE; from Bombay, which has Bhuj as iits capital; a him. territory by the bed ofSindh river, which had ClHC2l MlU [bjkulah] P ~ If{ one with a tilted cap Kotishvar as its capital. 3 loose corner of a i.e a fop. cloth worn around the waist, to be tucked ~ [bjl).a] v cover, enshroud. behind by pulling through the legs; Iloincloth. 'ClmI [kajab] See f~. 4 See cf5tr. 5 big underwear of the Khalsa, 'C('R'ij" [kajar], q;::jQT [kajra] See ~. "har kajar bastra abharan kine."-bIla m 5 pdrtal. worn by baptised Sikhs. It is their third 'k'. cistr [bcchap] Skt ~ n tortoise; Etymology ~ [kajrakhi], ~ [kajrachi], Clfld1dfi'i explains its meaning as one protected by the [bjraranI] adj who embellishes her eyes with sheath, i.e., kacch (sheath) + p (protected); collyrium. "kajraranI ko na brItha dukh dije."-krIsdn. hence bcchap (Kashap). The body of a tortoise is covered by a thick sheath. 2 See 'C('ffiJTijT [bjrara] adjwho has kajjal (collyrium). "khajan se manrajan rajat kajan se atI hi ~5. cistr ~ [kacchap avtar] There is a story in bjrare."-CdrItr Ill. 2 of lamp-black colour, Bhagvat that, when the deities and the demons of pitch-dark colour. began to churn the ocean of Kheer (rice ~ [kajrari] See c~. cooked in sweetened milk), then a m;:\dracal 'Clffiftao [bjriban] See ;~. "tahf raj bjriban ko dio."-gursobha. was put in place ofa churning stick.But it was so heavy that it got stuck at the bottom. Vishnu C'iIil15' [bjal] See cftm". "kajal rekh lld sahIdIa." -sfdrid. transformed himself into a tortoise and put his back under it, due to which churning could Clf.ll'SSif.l [kazalba$l T l..hJ1 adj with a red head.

crs

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When emperor of Iran, Ismail Safvi tJ~~ recruited his army, he made the soldiers wear red caps. From then on, they have come to be known by this name. The descendants ofthese soldiers were also given this name. ~ [kajIakhi] See ~. ~ [kajIil something finely ground like collyrium. ClRM1so [kajIib;m] grove of bananas. "kaIa kajIibanu bhaIa, manu kDcaru maymat."-s kdbir. 'An inebriated elephant can even break trees, for him to crush a banana grove is very easy.' 2 a famous forest of Assam where elephants are found in abundance. aRT [kaja] P Lii n command of God or God's Will i.e death. 2 Qaziship; the rank of a Qazi. 3 a decision/judgement made by a Qazi. at.ri' [kaza] PU'J short for m-ffi"-1?fT; from him. awfu [kaja I] See 0ItlT. ~ [kajava] P ~JI{ or 00;1{ n camel's saddle on which people can sit on both sides. It is very common particularly in Arabia. ~ [kajIa] covered. "han parda kajIa." -var kanm 4. atft>w [kajia] A ~ n conflict, lawsuit. iitrc!' [kajjaI:tl n cloth for covering; lid. "raUu bhana kappra kar kajjal) tas."-BG. 2 v cover, enshroud. ~ [kajjl)a] See ~ 2. ~ [kajjal)u] See~. ~ [kajja1l Skt n collyrium, antimony. 2 blackness, darkness. 3 riches. 4 a metre, having four lines, each line having 14 matras with 1aghu guru at the end. Example: guru sevau karI namaskar... aju hamarE magalcar. 1 aju hamarE gnhI basat,
'For flow in the metre, the text employs magal and
bIat.

gun gae prabhu tum beat.-basJt m 5. cf~ [kazzak] A J I1 dacoit, robber. 2 a tribe living in the southern arid plains of Russia, a large number of whose menfolk join the Russian cavalry. It is believed that they are a mixed breed ofTurks and Russians. Cossack. i5fG [kat] See qfc. 2 See ~. 3 short for katak (kara). "kar mahI kat pad nupar SOhE."-NP. 4 See ofC'. 5 Skt mat. 6 grass; Andropogon muraticum. 7 bater (patar) grass. 8 weather, season. 9 corpse. 10 bier, ladder. 11 elephant's temple. ClGmr [kat-har], azm;) [kat-hal] Skt 'filJC~ adj katE! tree and its fruit. It is an evergreen tree and is found in hot countries. It bears fruit without any flower, which grows fro:,,' its branches. The fruit has fine bristles on it. The raw fruit is used for making vegetable dish and pickle; the ripe fruit is used for eating. L Artocarpus integrifolia. ClCCl' [katak] Skt n army, legion. "katak bator an rajdhani."-NP. 2 community, gang. "palro katak kutab."-s kabir. 3 rock salt. 4 capital. 5 bracelet, metal-ring. "anIk katak jEse bhulrpare."-sor ravIdas. 6 a famous city of Orissa. ClCCl' CJi'a' [katak kutamb] See qzcx 2. . i5fG orfc [kat katI] adv having cut into minute pieces, tiny fragments. ClG(!I' [kama] v pass or spend i.e. pass time, spend day. 2 Skt Cfi'fR n severing mutilating. "katiE tera aharog."-gau m 5. See E cut. azar [katra] n commercial lane, goods market, walled market. 2 witness box, grating, railing. ClGt'5' [kataI] See azm;). ac;p [katra] See azar. acr [kata] n chopped fodder; anything chopped into small pieces, minced (meat). "kata karahu satru samudai." -GPs. '6l'G"'Et [katai] n (wheat) harvesting. 2 wages for harvesting.

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0lGTR' [katas] a place of pilgrimage in district

Jehlum, situated fifteen miles to the north of village Dadankhan, where there is a spring of natural water. While preaching his doctrine, Guru Nanak Dev visited this place on the Baisakhi fair. Hindus believe that Katas (~) and Puskar (:J,1SCfll:) are two eyes of Shiv. "madhy katas kara asthana." -paras. Per Dasam Granth, Parasnath breathed his last at this place. ~ [katah] Skt n cauldron. 2 scalp of a tortoise. 3 a special hell. 4 male calf of a buffalo, whose horns have begun to come out. ~ [katakutt] massacre, genocide. ~ [katak$], CfCTl:f [katakh], CR~ [katakhy] azr6i [katach] Skt CflCT~1 n act of glancing obliquely; oblique look; graceful thinking. "krIpa khatakhy avrlokan kinau."-dhana m 5. "jrnr kau tumre vaq katakh hE te gurmukhr harI srman.:te."-nat m 4. 2 insinuation, hint. 3 taunt, gibe. CW<!'" [kataJ:ta] a village oftehsil Payal in Patiala state, situated three miles to the north-east of Doraha railway station. A gurdwara in memory of Guru Gobind Singh stands on the bank of a canal to the east of the village . The oak-tree under which the Guru rested for a while is still there. ~ [katar] Skt adjsexy, lecherous. 2 Skt~ n double-edged small dagger, which is tied to the waist. See "FI"Fl'g. aGTQT [katara] See ~ 2. "kam2lrI katara bakura." -var ram 1 m 1. 2 Cl"C'G{ pinpricks, which cut dagger like. See Btr. 21 a Khatri subcaste. 4 a goldsmith, who was a devotee of Guru Arjan Dev. acral [katari] small dagger. "apan katari apas kau lai."-sar m 5. ~ [kataru] an Arora Sikh, who was a shopkeeper in Kabul. Unknowingly his

weighing stone was not a standard one. By making up the deficiency of his weighing stone in the court of the emperor of Kabul, Guru Arjan Dev upheld his honour. 2 Malik, a resident of Burhanpur, who, after becoming a disciple ofthe sixth Guru, turned a warrior and philanthropist. -afu [katr] after cutting away. "katr devau hiara ten." -kan m 4.2 after being cut into pieces. "purja purja katr man:."-maru kabir. 3 Skt n waist. "kaskE katr ayo."-GPS. 4 wife. 5 small red and black seed ofAbrus precatorius used as fractional weight by goldsmiths (one eighth of amasa). ~ [katrara] cut (past tense) "katrara jam kalu." -sri m 5.2 (which has been) cut. ~ [katrk] metallic: bangle. See 'C.\CC1:. "kcmrk katrk jal tarag jEsa."-sri ravIdas. qfuo [katrt] adj (which has been) cut, chopped. af<::aailfo [kCltrtkatitr] adj who maims those already killed. "ham bahu pap kie apradhi gUrI kate kCltrt katitJ. "-kan m 4. 'We, the sinners, have committed heinous sins, and the Guru has put an end to our crimes which were so outrageous.' Immoral acts like carnal desires destroy even the dead. ~ [katfda] adj who cuts. ~ [katrde$] portion ofthe body comprising waist. "katachin desi."-ramav. 'whose waist is slim.' af<::"e'm [katrdesi] pertaining to the waist, meaning ache in the: waist. See ~. afGt.r1;r [katrpir] Skt backache. J4DJ Lumbago. Backache is caused by heavy work, weakness, excessive indulgence in sex, severe cold, long sittings, discharge of semen with or following urination, tying ofa wet cloth around the waist, obstructing the discharge of urine and sleeping at a damp place. This disease

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should be treated only after knowing its cause, but the general treatment is as under: Sleeping on a dry (hot) bed, massaging the affected parts with turpentine or sesame oil, applying ground paste of stag's horn and aloe, fomenting, taking decoction of ginger and bhClkhra seeds (tribulus alatus) early in the morning, taking pure ~Ilajit (kind of mineral or rock secretion) with hot milk, taking two mashas ofmgJri Clsgadh (physalis hexussaitel) daily with hot milk, taking decoction ofginger mixed with castor oil, applying cupping glasses or hollow horns or cones on the body. "paou rog pinCls katdesi."-carItr 405. See~. ~ [kCltIbClddh] Skt adj who has girded up his loins; ready for undertaking any task. ~ [kCltia] n young female buffalo, calf. 2 minced meat, chopped fodder, anything chopped into small pieces. "ek-hf bar karE kCltia."-GPS. 3 adj who cuts. "so katia SIr durjClnCln. "-krIsan. -ait3' [kCltit] See cifc3"~. ~ [katila] adj prickly. 2 thorny. "kClmlE katilo kahE."-BGK. 'There are delicate thorns on the stem of the lotus.' ~ [katu], ~~ [kCltuk] Skt adj bitter, sour. 2 unpleasant, unpopular. ~ [katuvaci] adjbitter-tongued, scurrilous. ~ [katu] See ~. 2 waist. See qfu-. "katu par kehClrI ros."-aj. ~ [katua] a biting creature. See ~. ~ [katera] adj which bites. [katen:] removes, cuts. "mEl katen:."-kan m5. ~ [katya] adj which cuts or bites. ~tl' [katoc] a Rajput subcaste. The earlier capital of their rule was Jalandhar, but later they setup Kangra state. They believe that their first king Bhup Chand was born from the sweat ofDurga's eyebrows. After the downfall

ofKangra state, the king ofLambagaon is their leader now. The wealthy people ofGuier, Siba, Nadaun also belong to Katoch subcaste. "tClb kopia kagresa katoca."-VN. ~ [btona] adjwho cuts or bites or kills, or murders. "kate pap kCltona."-val' kan m4. ~ [kCltoraJ, aZm [kCltori] n wide-mouthed metallic bowl; a utensil, cup, small bowl. ciG [kClttJ See ~. 2 black pigment prepared by mixing iron etc in asour solution. It is used for dyeing clothes and is also useful if given to one suffering fromjaundice. ~ [bttl.)a] See ~. fu [kattClr] adjhot-headed and short-tempered. 2 ignorant, fanatic, bigoted. 3 obstinate, obdurate. ckr [kCltta] buffalo's young male. See ~ 4. 2 xa "iJTElT. ~ [kClttU] a village in Dhanaula police station ofPhool administration in the princely state of Nabha. The ninth Guru visited this village. The hymn "kahe re ban khojan jai" was recited by the Guru while addressing the audience here. The gurdwara is situated half a mile away from the village to its north-east. Land, equivalent to the area tilled by two ploughs, is exempted from revenue by the Nabha state. The village is situated about four miles to the south-west of the railway station of Sekhe. Bhai Dhian Singh, a spiritual personage was from Kattu. He substituted 'Sarabloh' in place of 'Charitars' in Dasam Granth. 2 See
~.

a Kashmiri muslim, who acquired spiritual knowledge after becoming a follower of Guru Hargobind. He preached the Sikh doctrine in Kashmir. oro [bthj a sage. 2 an Upnishad ofYajurved, containing the discourse between Yam and

cf~'f.lTU [kattu~ah]

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Nachiketa. [kathgarh] wooden fort; fort constructed by using wood. "tIn kathgarh navras par badho."-VN. 2 See ~ 3. ~ [kathan] Skt cffis7i" adj hard, stiff. 2 cruel, merciless. "kathan karodh ghat hi ke bhitarI." -gau m 9. 3 difficult, arduous. ~ [kdthnai], '6fi57i"3T [kdthanta], ~ [kathnai] n difficulty, toughness. 2 hardness, cruelty. . aoy31'ft [kathputli] wooden puppet. 2 one who cannot think by himself but act lik(~ a puppet in the hands of another. ~ [kathphora] woodpecker, hoopoe - a bird that draws insects from the hollow of the wood after breaking it with its pointed beak. It is of many species. Its beak is very sharp and its head is quite powerful. ~ [kathmaq.u] capital ofNepal situated on the bank ofriver Vishnumati in the Himalayas to the north-east ofIndia. Its height above the sea level is 4784 feet. This city was founded by king Kamdev in about 723 AD. ~ [kathal] See Ci!Z<:J"ij". "kathal baq.hal bar pipar khare."-GPs. [kathm] See orcso. ~ [kdthInta] See CifO?i3T. ~ [kathur], ~ [kathul] adjhard, cruel. "atI papIst kathur."-kalki. "Ik:r r;;lhe SUkI kathule."-basat m 5. i51"8'o'l [kathmi] adj hard, difficult. "eha bat kathEni."-brla m 4. ai5"a' [kathor] Skt adj hard, rigid. Poets have regarded the following things as hard: mind of a miser, bones, diamond, tortoiseshell, wood, metal, stone, warrior's chest. 2 cruel, merciless. ~ [kathorta] n hardness, stiffness. 2 cruelty,. crn-w [kathola] adj wooden pot. 2 wooden effigy.
~

~ [kathJta] n wide wooden vessel, kneading

crnso

trough or basin made of wood. crc5"a1 [kathJti] n a musical instrument of wood with a single string; oval shaped begging bowl. "man mera c~ga, hi kathJti VIC gaga." -provo 'Cf$T [kaq.a] adj hard, stiff. See vr crn-. [kaq.i],~ [kdq.u] , ~ [kdq.u] S adv when. "phIrI kaq.u aVE rutI?"-var maru 2 m 5. ~ [kaq.(~J Skt vr harden, stiffen. ~ [kaq.hl).a] v drag. 2 pull out. "dusman dut sabhI marI kaq.hie."'-var brla m 4.3 expose, disclose. "kal).I kaq.han te chutI pari."-asa m 5.4 dig, excavate, uproot. "kaq.hI kup kaq.hE panIhare."-nat a m 4. 5 embroider on cloth. 6 plan a new thing, think of a new idea. "koi kaq.hahu Ihu vicaru." -val' ram 1 m 3. ~(!T [kdq.haul).a] v get extracted. 2 get something said, or articulated. "ghasi kau harInam kaq.hai."-gau m 4. "apni bIrtha bahu bahutu kaq.hasa."-g5c;l m4. c:mr [kaq.hI] adv having extracted. "harI coli deh savari ka~~hI pEdhi."-var SOl' m 4. 'having embroidered'. ~ [kdq.hIbha] became a saviour. "q.ubde bah deI kaq.hibha."-pl'abha m 4. ~ [ka~lhie] expelled, pulled out. 2 expel, pull out. ~ [kaq.hijE] kindly save; let us pull them out. ~ [kaq.hu] S extract, embroider. 0f\T'l?c')T [kaq.holna] v extract. "mathI tatu kaq.hoIE."-var ram 1, m 3. 'extracts'. 2 search. 3 drag, pull. "tan jabuk gidh kdq.holat." -krrsan. crc!" [kal).] Skt n pmticle, granule. 2 grain, particle, seed. "kal). bIna jEse thothar tukha."-gaum 5. 3 broken rice. 4 Skt CfiUf. vr become small; close the eyes; meditate. ~ [k;mas] n Cf(!'-'~3T, mild fever, slight fever. ~ [kal).SoI]" [kal).soi] n overheard

m'm

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information; inkling. [kdl)dk] n wheat. 2 See ~. ~ [kdl)kdcch] n measure of grains, appraisal of standing crop; particle. C1<!C1iil'l') CfMT [bl)dkval kdla] a village in police station, tehsil and district Sunam in Patiala state. A gurdwara of Guru Teg Bahadur is situated about two furlongs to the north of the village. An incomplete shrine was constructed in Sammat 1978, which is now in dilapidated state because no attendant is there. The village is about seven miles to the west ofthe railway station Chhajli. ~ [kdl)ka] n small piece; particle, granule.
~ See~.

[kdl)kut] See ~. [bl)dCh] See 'CIi6i. 2 See ~. 'CI'ic [kdl)dtt] granular stone, generally seen studded in old buildings. ~'(!T [kdl)taUl)a] v harass someone like grains roasting in a furnace; torture. 'CI<!'t!' [kdl)ad] Skt n a sage who lived only by eating grains of rice; hence his name. His real name was Uluk. Out of the six shastars, Vaisheshik Darshan was written by him. See
a<!6r

~.
~

[kdl)addk] adj who eats grains of rice.

CI'<!'t.

2 See

orf<!""CI" [bl)Ik] Skt n particles, granules.

2 wheatflour.

'CIit [kdl)i] n drop of water. 2 particle, small

granule. "de naVE ek kdI;i."-sor m 5. 3 tiny piece of diamond. 4 tiny and fine broken piece from the tip ofan edged weapon like an arrow. ~ [kdnJq.] n pressure. 2 obligation. 3 an act that makes one abashed. See ~ vr. diJT [kdnJq.a] adj obliged. 2 (one) who is abashed. 3 shy. See vr~. Qi&; [kdl)Jch] n sound, word. See ~ vr.

"kdl)JchJt gajL"-kdlki. "bl)Jche kIkal)J." -raluav. CG' [kdt] part why, for what. "sfghsdran kat jaiE jdU jabuk grasE."-bIla sddhna. "kagdr nay laghdhI bt sagdr?"-mala m 5. 2 pron whose. "kdt ki mai bap kdt kera."-gau m 1. 3 adv where. "kat jaiE re ghdr lago rJg."-bas:'it ramanJd. 4 anywhere. "kdt ndhf th:>r mulu kdt lavdu?"-gc)U kabir. 'There is no place where to apply the herb (medicine).' 5 A 13 act of chopping. "SdCI nd lagE kdtu."-maru m 1. 'Truth cannot be chopped', means that truth cannot be refuted. 6 jealousy, envy. "dadi md nd kdtU mdn jibhE Sdca soi." -var sor m 1. 7 See~. "dkhi kdt nd sajrE tIn."-BG. ~ [kdta] A cut away, settle something one way or the other. 2 determination, belief. ~ [kdtdi] A I ~ adv exactly, surely. 'CI3U [kdtdh], 'C!"3fu [btdhI] part for what, why. "pavan patI t punit kdtdh nahi seviE."-phunhe m 5.2 adv where, whither. "pIrdhI bIhun btahI sukh pae?"-suhi farid. iEtit [[kdtdhi], i5l'3"g [kdtdhu], ~ [kdt-hu] adv no where. "kdt-hu na jae ghdrdhI bdsae."-kan m5. CI'OCI" [kdtdk] Skt c:M3'CI" n month of Kattak; it derives this name from the full moon night of Karittaka (the third lunar mansion, the Pleiades). See cUoa-. ~ [btxuda] See ~. CI3'(!T [kdtl)a] Skt CE7> v spin or make fibre or thread (tendril) of wool, cotton etc on the tip of the rotating spindle of a spinning wheel; twine a cord. "nandk kUrE katIE kura tdl)iE tal)u."-var suhi m 1. ~ [kdtdhau], csil: [kdtdh5] Skt afu"qr adj of many kinds; variegated. 2 from many sides, from all directions. See .q'. "bhdrdm adher mohIo katdhau."-savEye sri mukhvak m 5. 'CI3'ffiJ' [btrdh] See ~.

&

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[katraI).] n a small piece of cloth left after cutting. 2 See ~. ~ [katarI).a] Skt cut into pieces with an implement or scissors; cut. CE6it [katarI).i] Skt cE?iT n scissors. See ~. ~ [katarna] See ~. ~ [katra] A ~)J n drop, droplet. 2 run, flee. q3l? [katall A n assassination, murder, violence. c(d(i5dl~1 [katalgarhi] a mansion (a large walled house) of Sain Budhushah in the mohalla of Saihwani Sayyeds of Sadhaura; Banda Bahadur assassinated hundreds of Muslims who had gathered there. See 'iflJRrcr. CE'(i5T [katla] A bE adj murdered, assassinated; plural of~. 2 P JV chopped stuff, minced meat, anything chopped into small pieces. "katla karo muro nahI dhur lag."-CPs. "C(d"(i51}f [katlam] A (lo>J n massacre, genocide. ~ [katvar] n garbage; useless straw. "katarta katvar buhan:. "-krIscm. 'C(dT [kata] A n plan; finely cut piece, chiselled stuff. "kat kata kar lino."-e;"iQi 1. See~. Qdlli [katab] See fuora". ~ [katar] A Jlbj n line, row, class, bevy. 'C('dT(i5" [katal] A J(j n human soul. 2 power, capability, competence. 3 body, physique. 4 See~. afo [katI] Skt adj how many. Cl'faq [katIk] month of Kattak. See CBC'{. "katIk hOVE sadhu sag."-majh barahmaha. 2 adj to what extent. 'Clfufa" [katIkI] in the month of Kattak. "katIkI karam kamavI).e."-majh barahmal1a. ~ [katia] See oGt. ~ [katiph] A d adj having rancour, malice or grudge. "car6 VICC ~arif ko, kon katiph kahaI."-mago. ~ [katipha] A ~ velvet, satin.. 2 See cBtG. ~ [katiphIa] plural of~. ...:a:Jlbj silken
CEaC!'

rm

&

clothes ofvelvet, satin etc. "r;"igparag katiphIa pahIrahI dharmai."~var sar m 4. 'Worldly person wears multicoloured silken clothes.' 'Clg [katu] See Ci\2l". ~ [katun] S tape embroidered with a golden thread used to fix on clothes for glamour. See EActon. ~ [katura] See '3. 'Cl3'a' [kateb] A .~ book, sacred book. It is a transform ofkItab. 2 In Gurbani, kateb stands for kutab, and refers in particular to the four books, namely tJret, zabbur, ;'iji! and Koran. "dev bhev na janhi jIh bed Jr kateb." -japu. "bed kateb sasar habhahu bahra."-asa m5. cclw [katela] Ai JI; adj assassin; murderer. "kJm katele."-BG. cEw [katEyal adj engaged in spinning. 2 performing the act of cutting. cEtf [kat;"ic] Skt ~ adv where, at what place. 2 ~ from where, from what place. "kat;"ic mata kat;"ic pIta."-sahas m 5. c{aT [katta] n small sword, which is broad and straight. A ..J2f' . if~ [kattal] A JCi adj who kills. "suI). nanak kattal."-mago. 'O! Guru Nanak, you who put to end with words, listen!' dar [katti] Skt ~~'fiT n rapier; thin straight sword. "parE kattrj1;"i ghat."-VN. ~ [katr] See '3'~, ~ [kath] n legend, story, 2 See CXEf7). 3 See REf excr. 4 See chr. ~ [kathau] tell, relate. 2 say, speak. "kathau na kathni hukam pachana."-gdU d m 1. ~ [kathakl Skt adj expert in narrating; adept in delivering a religious discourse. 2 See ~ 2. ~ [kathakkarl See a:tm'. 'C('l:fd' [kathatl Skt cfl~-n:rFc'r v narrates, speaks. 2 See cxfua". 'C(QdT [kathta] Skt ~ adj who narrates. 2 of

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a story, of an anecdote. "kathta bakta sunta soi."-gau m 1. orao [kathan] n utterance, statement. "kathan sunavan git nike gavan."-dev m 5. trn?)T [kathna] v say, narrate. 2 n description, explanation. See am. iil"l'f01 [kathni] n act of talking; explanation. "kathni kahI bharamu na jai."-sor kabir. ~El?.,"hrm [kathni badni] n only in words; mere talk sans action. "sabadu na cinE kathni badni k'lrE." -sri m 3. ~ [kathniy] Skt n describable, expressible. CfflQ [kathanu] See orao. ~ [bthri] n tale. "bthria satah te sukhau padhia."-var maru 2 m 5. aar [btha] Skt n story, anecdote, description, explanation. 2 annotation. "katha sUl)at malu sagli khovE."-majh m 5. ~ [kathaIa] got described, got expressed. "mIlI sadhu akathu kathaIa tha. "-maru m 5. ~ [kathak] narrator; story teller. await [kathagi] sang the story. 2 singer of a tale in verse. "ham hankatha kathagi." -dhana m 4. 'We are singers of the Creator's praise.' C!$i"iCI" [kathanak] Skt n summary of a story. 2 legend, story, tale. crfu [bthI] adv having described, having narrated. "bthI kathI bthi koti kotI kotI." -japu. 'Mill ions of speakers have described it again and again giving millions ofarguments. ' meaning, it has been described in many ways on innumerable occasions. "saca sabadu kathI."-sri m 5. See em 4. orfu3" [kathIt] Skt adj said, told, described. ~ [bthI tal Skt i5fEIftr3"r adj in the profession of story telling, expert in oratory. mit [kathil described. "kathna kathi na aVE totI."-japu. wfur [bthir] n cU'EB-wuttered composition;

tale in verse, eulogy. "bVIan katthe kathire." --caQi 2. "katthe kathira."-VN. 2 bangle. ~ [bthuri] See~. "ratI kathuri vaqiE." -s farid. i.e 'narration of God's glory.' 2 glory. 3 auspicious smell, fragrance. qtf [katha] Skt Cf)'I-1+\adv how, in what way. "jag bIvhar katha so lahE."-GPS. ~ [bthacan] Skt~ part how, in what way. ~ [bthaCIt] Skt~ adv in some way, somehow. 2 perhaps. of"Ef [btth] n tale. 2 thick extract of acacia catechu, prepared by decocting its bark which is coated on betel leaves and is used for dyeing and in many medicines. Uncaria Gambier. 3 Skt ~T praise, appreciation. "dal gahan katthe."-caQi 3. 'an admirable, warrior.' 4 adj proper to narrate, describable. See chf. of"EfC{ [btthak] Skt adj expert in narrating, maker of a statement. 2 n singer who expresses the meaning ofa song through bodily gestures. chr" [kattha] See em 2. ofEf [bttha] recited, uttered. "pare sam beda jujar bed kattha."-VN. m!" [kad], ~ [kadahu] advwhen, at whattime. "kaul) kahE tu kad ka."-tukha chat m 5. "kadahu samjhaIa jaI."-var sri m 3. 2 See ort!. 3 A .iJ effort, endeavour. 4 P ./ house. S person, someone. ~ [kadxuda] P uP./ owner of the house. 2 king. 3 soul, human soul. 4 married man. m:!O [kadan] Skt n anguish, trouble. "sumatI sadan bhayo kadan bIram hE."-NP 2 war, battle. 3 destruction, assassination. at!H [bdam] See ~. 2 A (~ feet, foot. "tere kadam salah."-bher m 5. 3 Dg stride, foot. ~m- [kadamposi], ~m- [kadambosi] P (fY.') n act of kissing the feet. In the following utterance, the scribe has used kadamposi

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instead ofk;:,d;:,mbosi. "plnrf' kadamposi k;:,u k;:,rte."-GPS. ~ [kadar] Skt n saw. 2 goad. 3 white catechu tree. "bd;:,r bat b:mal."-GPS. See G Kedros. 4 A.I) honour, glory, respect. S measure, standard, weight. qlaf.t(')'R [bdar~anas], qceae '(') [kadardan] P l.![:;.I) adj appreciative; seeking merit. ~ [bdr;:,y], ~ [kadrai] SkI ~ n cowardice; faint-heartedness. 2 nervousness. 3 fear, terror. ~ [kadaI] See cfec;). ~ [kadli] Skt n banana. 2 deer of darkbrown colour found in the Kamboj region. 3 a tree that grows in Assam and Burma; boats are made from its wood. ~ [kadlipuhap] n heart, which is shaped like the flower of a banana. "kadlipvhap dhup pargas."--bhEr CJ kdbir. O(l')la(') [kudliban] See O(tmla('). ~ [bd;:,v] Skt ~ n ball; ball made of rags; material rolled into a round mass . "khIIat ja!)v kadd-va."-ramav. 0(t!T [kada] Skt adv sometime, at some moment. "jag sukh me vrjhE mIn kuda."~GPS. 2 A C,,) n prohibition, taboo. "nili sIahi bda br!)i." -sri m 1. 'Blue dress is meant to dispel mind's darkness.' 3 A v) tear, saw. 4 set on fire. S taunt. creTB' [kadac], ~ [kadac], ~ [bdacah], ~ [kadacahv], ~ [kadacan], 0!1ftr3' [kudacIt], ~ [bdaCId], ~lfu [k;:,dapI], ~ [bdapi] adv perhaps. 2 some time, rarely, seldom. "kadac naln SImrat nanak." --var jEt. "n;:,ln sImrat m;:,r!)a k;:,dacah."-sahas ill 5. "bhalo karam nahI kin kadapi."-GPs. ~ [bdamat] A .::/1) n sense of being antique; antiquity, ancientness. ~ [bdI] adv when, at what time. "saphal darsan kadI pau."-sar m 5. "pap bInase

kadIke."-bavan ~ [bdimJ A r{) adj ancient. 2 primitive. 1 "sevak kadim tak ae teri sam hE."-caQi 1. cctfu.ft [kadimi] adjfrom the beginning, See Oltfu-r. "hute bdimi gurughar kere."-GPS. ~ [bdu], ~f'. [bdua] P L.j.;!' n gourd. "beIahI te bdU21 bt q.aryo."-cJc;li 1. ~ [kadurat] A ':::'-H;/ n darkness. 2 muddiness, dirtiness. 3 anger. ~ [kaduri] See ~'"dO. 2 P U.lj.-d' n diningtable cloth; cloth on which meals are served. 3 meal taken in the name of Fatima, daughter of prophet Mohammad in which prayer is offered in her name. "mIsImIII tam;:,su bharamv kaduri."-bhEr kabir. 'Pray after killing ignorance and confusion.' Those who read the text as bharam kaduri, do not pay heed to the vowel sign [v] after [m]. ~ [kade] See m~. "sahsa kade na jaI."-var maru 1 m 3. ~ [bdac], 0lt!3. [kadat]. See 0!1ftr3'. "bdac k;:,w!)a na up;:,rjate."-sal1as m 5. "CIt me cItvyO nahi kadat." and "janyo gahyo na chutE
k;:,d5ta."~GPS.

'O(tfo [kadan] Skt n food prohibited in religious

scriptures. 2 medically forbidden food. 3 food grain of the coarse variety. Olthr [bd;~b], ore'"H [bdam] Skt ~ n group, community. "sIrjat hE brahmaq. bdab."-NP 2 a particular tree that has yellow flowers. Krishan loved these trees very much. Mostly he frolicked among these trees in the forest. Now the devotees of Krishan in Vrindavan garland his idol with these flowers. Nauclea Cadamba. eft!' [kadd] Khatri subcaste of the Sarins. 2 A ;S height, physique, sturdiness. ~ [kaddavar] P .IJ!;S adjtall. ~ [kaddu] See O(~. ~ [bddub~] P LX/ n toothed sieve; a

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device with a rough surface against which gourd is rubbed into curled pieces. A dish is prepared by dipping these pieces in curd. ~ [kadru], ~~ [kadruka], ~ [kddru] Skt ~ n according to Purans, daughter ofDaksh and wife of Kashyap who gave birth to snakes. "bInta kddru dItI ddItI e nkhI bdri bdnay."

Ol?i [kdnkut]
~

See~.

-VN.
[kddhar] See chPo. [kdn] See a<!:". 2 ear. "jIn kan kine dkhi nak."-dhdna m 1. 3 drop of water. "jal kan subhdg jhare."-parCls. 4 short for kdmk; gold. "ue bhdwm k;m kamni. "-s kCJbir. ~ [kanauj] See ~tr. Cil'i'fftfu [kansoI] See ~. -ana- [kamk] Skt n gold. "kandk kdtIk jdl tarag jEsa."-sri rClVIdas. 2 thorn-apple. "kandk kamk te SJ guno madak me adhIkaI. "-bIhari. 3 palas tree; Sutea frondosa. 4 wheat and its flour. See ~ 2. 5 See Gifl..fOf 3. Ol(,)OlOlfF.ty [kanak-kd:;>IPU] See nJCI(')J!Olf8Y. Ol(')OlOlW [kamk kala] Skt Ol?lOlOlM: one who knows the art of making gold ornaments; goldsmith. "jEse kanIk kala eItu maQiale." -ram namdev. 'O(("j"O('GT [kankdtal, ~ [kankati] a disciple of Gorakh, or a woman, who has pierced ears. 2 with ears cut or shortened. Ol(')OlaH' [kankabja] Some ignorant scribe has substituted this for kankubaj. See Bfug 217 number 3. ~tl'O [kanakloean] See ~ (f<JCI?lJ!'iS(). O("(')'O(T [kanka] See ~. 2 virgin; unmarried girl. "Jr mIli kanka tahf an."-NP Ol(,)Ol't1M [kankaeal] kamk (gold) aeal (mountain); mountain named Sumer. 0l'i'l0l'Hi'I't [kankamniJ short for -ana- and "6l"'"fi.ro9". See 010. q('j'O('Tli(T [kdnkaya] Skt cfWOl": n water crow, water ouzel. "kak bhek kfeal kankaya."--GPs.
CiQTQ

Cfc'i

[kankhal] a city on the bank of the Ganges two miles to the west of Haridwar. According to Kuram and Ling Purans, it is the place where Daksh Prajapati performed the sacrificial ritual. The famous temple relating to Dakshesvar Mahadev is situated here. Guru Amar Dev stayed here for some time and a gurdwara is situated here. qOtfit [kanpati] n area between the eye and the ear; temple. 2 See ~. ~ [kdnpataJ, ~ [kanpatiJ, WiGCT [kanphatal, 0l?iGit [kanphati], ~ [kanphata] See C'i(('i'O(GT-~. "jogabhyasi dru kdnpate." -GPS. wi1;rr [kamyya] n spider; a species ofcreatures which spin a web. 2 Krishan. "ateru ko kanayya nam."-Clkal. ~ [kdna-dt] A .::.-rD n content with very little; satisfaction, contentment. ~ [kanaIt] See ~3'. ~ [kanai] n Krishan. 2 the Creator. "sImno nahI kanai."-maru m 9. 0l0l3' [kanat] See ~. 2 T"::'- D tent wall; wall of cloth around a tent. 3 A lance. 4 backbone, spine. q()Tli['3' [kanaydt] See ~ and ~. 'O('i'j'Tij' [kanar] P .It;{ bank, side. 2 margin of a book. 3 catarrh afflicting a horse. 0l'i'i"QT [kanara] See Ci("()TCJ" I and fuoror. 'OlO'1? [kdnal] measure of land equal to one eighth of a ghumaon. ~ [kanavez] n a kind of silk cloth of the danai mould; kanavez from Bakhara used to be very popular. a:fo [kaOI] to, towards, in the direction of. "aI na sdka tujh kanI pIare."-vClQ m 1. 2 in the ear. "kanI mOdra pai."-var ram 1 m 1. 3 S adv near, in the proximity of, close to. ~ [kanI$th] Skt adjtiny, very small. 2 mean,

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abject. [kam:?tha] adj the smallest. 2 n little finger. 3 in poetics, a lady not loved enough by her husband. C1f(')fI'j)CII [kanI:?thIka] n little finger. 2 younger sister. qfoCI' [kamk] gold, wealth. See mcor and Cf<'iCI". "kanIk kamni het gavara."-asa dill 1. C1f(')C1C1w [kamk-kala] See ~r. CI'for;rr [kamya] P n armpit. "kanIya bIkhE krickan dharE."-CarItr 184. 'Bhimsen holds Kichak and his brothers in his armpit.' 2 lap. 3 an embrace, hug. 4 See ~. ~ [kani] See ~. ~ [kania] an embrace, hug See qfow 3. "sadar so nIj bhar kar kania."-NP ~ [kaniz], ~ [kanizak] P ;:! n slave girl. 2 maidservant. CIC5re' [kanir] See ~. ~ [kanu] Sear. QQ~ [kanuka] n particle, mote. "dhUrI ke kanuka pher dhurI hi samah:Ege."-akal. 2 spark. "jEse ek ag te kal).uka kotI ag uthr." -akal. ~ [kane:?ta] See "CIfo1r. [kanec] a village in district Ludhiana, one and a half mile to the south-east of Sahnewal railway station. Guru Gobind Singh came from Machhiwara and stayed here for some time. Phatta, a landowner who, on one pretext or the other, refused to offer his pretty mare to the Guru, was a resident of this place. ~ [kanet] See ~. ~ [kaner], ~ [kanel] Skt ~d" n a flower plant, flower of which is offered especially to Shiv; it bears flowers throughout the year. Snuffis also made from its leaves., and its bark and roots are used in numerous medicines. Pterospermum Acerifolium. P 'l:R1~. ~3' [kanEt] a tribe dwelling in mountains,
~

emu

which originated from Rajputs. Many writers have described its root as kanyahet, because Rajputs used to kill their daughters, while these people regarded such killing as a sin. ~ [kanJj] Skt ~ ~ n a city and its surrounding afl~a in the district of Fararukhabad in U.P. In the ancient times, it used to be a famous capital of the Hindus. In 1194 Mohammad Gauri put an end to the Kanauj state along with its ruler Jai Chand. 2 a subcaste of Brahmins. See 6(1(')g8tL ~;::ftl)fT [kamjia] adj resident of Kanauj. 2 n a Kanyakubaj brahman. ~ [kanJQ], oW [kamQa] See ~-O(";!'~. ~ [k,mhail n Krishan. 2 the Creator, the Divine. ~ [kanhEya] n killer of Kans, Krishan. 2 the Creator, the Supreme God. 3 a devoted disciple of Guru Teg Bahadur who, while serving the tenth Guru in the battle of Anandpur, served water to the enemi,~s as well. He is also known as Ghanaiya. Many writers have mistaken Bhai Mihan as Kanhaiya. See J-it<:Jf. ~ \ft fi..n:rl;r [kanhEya di mIsal] one of the twelve misls of the Sikhs which was established by Sardar Jai Singh, a Sandhu Jatt, son of Sal'dar Khushal Singh, resident ofvillage Kanhe. The misl's income was rupees 40 lac and its army was eight thousand strong. At the time ofconquering Sirhind in Sammat 1820, Jai Singh along with his troops sided with the Panth. This heroic: Sikh died in Sammat 1847 (1789 AD). Mahtab Kaur, Jai Singh's granddaughter and daughter of Gurbax Singh, was married to Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Sardars (chieftains) of village Rakkhanwale in tehsil Kusur and chieftains of Fategarh in tehsil Vatala were from this misl. ~ [kanyaka] Skt n unmarried girl, virgin. 2 daughter.

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qo:;rr [k;mya] Skt n daughter. 2 unmarried girl.

3 one of the twelve signs of Zodiac, Virgo. 4 variety of large cardamom. 5 a poetic metre.
See~.

[kdp] See ~. 2 See c:hf. "hath marOrE tanu kapE. "-majh barahmaha. 3 See qf'tj-. 4 Skt ~ vr walk, move, tremble. mrc [kdpat] Skt n deceit, guile. "kup kapatr krnE nd para. "--sri m 4. 2 See mrz. "kholr kdpat guru melia."-jEt ch5t m 5. "nanak mrlahu kdpat ddr kholahu. "-tukha barahmaha. ~ [kapat-hathrar] Skt ~C"1J n a weapon like baghndkha (shaped as non's claw) kept hidden underneath the dress. "kur kaPdt hdtluar iru."-BG. mrc mrrc [kdpat kdpatl deceitful doors; doors of guile. "khulE: nd kdPdt kapat. "-rahIm all. mrcy'ijl:f [kapdtpurdkh], mrcygJIr [kdPdtpurU~] n scarecrow, frightener i.e. effigy as of a man made to stand in the field to scare animals. mrfc [kdpdtr] with guile, by deceit. See mrc 1
qtf

2 wrong path, misleading path. ~ [kapdrdd], ~ [kapdrdak] Skt W-fu~ fully purified by water; lock ofShiv's hair, from which flows the Ganga. 2 knot of matted hair. 3 small seashell, purified by the seawater. ~ [kapardan] See ~. ~ [bpardrka] Sktw..rf''wn cowrie. See
~.

mRrfeo [bpardrn], ~ [kapdrdrnil, CRKJtft

[kapdrdi] Skt"ifi11f<fi, adj with tangled hair. See ~. 2 matted hair; female with a knot of hair on the head. "iE iE hosi mahrkhasur mardanr ramkapardrnr chatrachrte."-aka1. 1 ~ [kaparvat] See W-fQ. qtRjT [kapra] See W-ST. ~ [kapdfU] See W-fQ. ~ [kapre] plural of extST. "mde kapre kahalau dhovau."-mala ravIdas. means polluted mind. atre l:Piit ~ [kapre bage vali] sen n kuj, a migratory bird which is white in appearance. "gagan phrr;'lti uc;l ti kdpre bage vaH."-gau m 4.
'''bhagvati pady
pu~pajli

stotr" composed by Pandit

and~.

Ramkrishan is a very old text, and has thirty three-lined stanzas. Its free translation in twenty such stanzas forms Akal Ustat, not to be found in Chandichrit. For the information of the readers some pieces from both are given below: "raktasur mardanI cae,l c<JkardanI danav ardanI bIe,lal bad he, s<Jrdhar bIbarkhaDI durjan dharkh<JDI atul amarkhaDI dh<Jr<Jmdhuje. dhumrach vIdhvas;)nI sroDItcusanI subh nIpat nIsobh mathe, jE jE hosi m<Jlukhasur m<JrdanI ramk<JpardInI chatr chIte."-akal.
m'if('''lf5flilT5:m:~~TflSTflilT~I ...

ql..fcT [kapti] adj deceitful, beguiling.

2 hyprocritical.

mIZ [kapte] deceitful persons. "k)(;li bc;li jorat

kdpte."-guj m 5. 2 with guile, fraudulently.

[bpl,la] Skt a3'o v cut, chop. "pharida ir drh nala kdpra."-s farid. qt..I(ft [kdpl,li] adj of the monkeys. "cdli SEl,l kdPl,li sdkruddh. "-ramav. ~ [kapat] See cffl..B. ~ [bpthdll See '&'8('). "pdri lut kapthal vrkhE."--GPS. 'Looting took place in Kaithal city.' ql.fQ [kdpdr] Sw..rg n steep bank of a river. "bera kapdr vat."-s [arid. 'Due to the strong wind, the ship gets pushed towards the steep bank of a river, leaving aside its ford. It is feared that it will be smashed on striking against the bank.'
W-/(!T

3ffi:tf.'r~
fuq- fuq- ~

l'fR

f.1~ ~ !iII lIfcll

I

~fqQ~ f1'1Z;q!lllfilld4t~ I

f.111JPl'f ~ 'dfifu 'tdfi1~II'<'Ig~

~j';'I'fI6~BM1 {RFfigF<ff.1 ~111011

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stick while that of a saint or a sage with a bII fruit. This ritual transfers the dead to the 2 Skt ~ one who transcendental world of the forefathers. 2 wears a ragged blanket. "kapar kedar jai." ~trO [kapalmocan] a pond in Kashi. -sor kabir. According to Padam Puran, Mahabhairav (Shiv) ~ [kaparkotha] n tent; dwelling; camp. beheaded arrogant Brahma with the nail of his Q1.r.JT [kapra], ~ [kaparu] Skta;tfz n clothes, left hand. The head ofBrahma clung to the hand dress. "kaparu rup suhavl).a."-var asa. 2 robe of Mahabhairav. It separated only when of honour. "sIphatI salah kapra paIa. "-var Mahabhairav visit~:d Kapalmochan Sarovar majh m 1. 3 mortal frame, human body. "karmi (pond) in Kashi. 2 According to Mahabharat, a . aVE kapra."-jClpu.! "parhan kaparu je PIr mIlL "-var sor m 1. Renunciation of pilgrimage centre, Aushnas, situated at the bank of river Saraswati is named as Kapalmochan. hypocrisy is meant here. The head of a demon hacked by Ram Chandar mfTJT [bpas], 0\l-fT(J [kapah] Skt crtfTJT L clung to the leg of sage Mahodar, which could Gossypium Herbaceum. "daIa kapah s;'itokh sut."-var asa. not be separated by taking dips in many sacred ponds. It separated only when the bath was taken ~ [kapahahu] from cotton. "tagu kapahahu kati."-var asa. in this holy pond. This place is five kohs to the ~ [kapahi], ~ [kapahia] adj Il1lade of north of Jagadhari near Sadhaurain Ambala district. Guru Gobind Singh came here in cotton. 2 n a Khatri subcaste. This name is derived from the dealers in kapah (cotton),just Sammat 1742 to preach his doctrine. A gurdwara as Ghei is derived from uft [ghi] (pmified has been built here, which has 250 bighas of butter). "hema VIce kapahia."-BG. land attached to it. "Ik kapalmocan subh tal. mrz [kapat], cn-ri [kapata] Skt n that which tahf ko mela ayo vIsal."-GPs. Kapalmochan keeps the air out as also stops it; a door. pilgrimage is on the land ofthe village named 2 ignorance. 3 final stage; palate. 4 cloth Milakh. Another pond called "Rinmochan" is near this pond and is regarded sacred by the wetted with water, washed wet towel:, it is a ritual to keep it on one's shou lders during the Hindus. 3 In Mahabharat, Kapalmochan is also evening prayers. "duI dhoti vastra kapat;'i." the name of a sage. -var asa. ~ [kapali] Sktq;qr'~ adj bearing or carrying ~[kapal] Skt n skull 2 forehead. 3 half the a skull. 2 n Shiv. 3 monk with a begging bowl. portion of a pitcher or of an egg, which has 4 Kapalini, Goddess Durga, Kali. "katI katI daye kapali."-cgj<;li 2. the shape of a skull. 4 beggar's bowl. ~ [kapalak] See w~. ~ l')fTHO [kapali asanJ posture in Yog, with ~w [kapalknya] n a Hindu ritual of head on the earth and legs raised towards the breaking skull of the burning corpse with a sky. wooden stick. As per Garur Puran, the skull ~ [kapalu] See c~. "karam kan kapalu ofa family man should be broken with a heavy '31U ;;ri:t S~T<'!T 'J:'f fficilffi'l:[ ~ I l"iffi1ifB ~ <:f'..TI ~ 'l'!1f.1 ~'lTr "inlU! I ~~TI'l~ Of> R;--1" <:ffi"Ri '>fT~'l'~ I
~ [kapar] See
(X1..ST.

[kapal] See ~.

Cfl-TI"!ITfmfITr ~ "1~IOlfr;qr;qlf.1 ~

'l'!1f.1

~! I

~lit<I:~~(jC~~11
~

-gita a 2

22.

-garur pural)

iJ

10 !? 56-57.

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Q1Ja

60,000 sons of king Sagar only with one glance, when they were searching for a ~ [kapala 1 See mfTffi. "hahasa kapala." horse stolen by Indar. "gavahI kapIladI -blki. 'Kapali (Shiv) laughs.' adIjogesur."I-saveye ill 1 ke. 7 There was ~ [kapavanl See~. "kar kaQh krIpan another Kapil, son of sage Vittath, different bpavhfge."-blki. from the author of Sankhya Shastar. 8 In afu [kapIl adv having cut off, having chopped Purans, we also find a reference to a third off, "so SIrU kapI utaL"-s farid. 2 Skt n Kapil, son of Vasdev born from the womb of monkey. 3 elephant. 4 sun. See ortr 4. 5 adj Narachi. 9 adjbrown, blackish-yellow. who wanders. "bhramat phIrat telak ke kapI ~. [kapIlvastul a town situated on the jIU."-guj kabir. 'going in circles like an bank of river Rohini in Gorakhpur district in oilman's ox.' Nepal's foot hills, ruled by Shuddhodan (father crftretJ:r [kapIis], cm.m [bpISl See~. "ban of Buddha). It remained capital of the Shakya maIn rahIt kapIs hanumana."-NP. dynasty for a long time. According to the modern scholars, Piprava Cil'f1.rq [kapIkl Skt n monkey. "phaho min bpIk ki nIai."-g5c;f ill 5. 'got trapped like a ofPargana Mansur in district Basti 25 miles fish and a monkey. ' to the north east of Faizabad is, in fact, Kapilvastu. ~mr [kapIkOjarl supreme among monkeys, Hanuman. 2 Sugriv. cm.rw [bpIlal Skt n a river of Kamrup. 2 Indian rosewood tree; $i$am. 3 Kapil-a cow ~ [kapIketul Arjun, whose standard bears the emblem ofamonkey. ofbrown and white colour, whose teats are black. crll.rtr [bpIC], orft.I6i [kapIchl See In Hindu mythology, this cow is regarded very qfl(il1? [bpfjall Skt n kind of patridge. 2 rainsacred. See ~. 4 See ~ 2. bird. 3 a sage. ~ [bpIladl, ~ [kapIladIkl sage Kapil etc. See orf1.r1? 6. [kapItthl Skt n kind of wild pear; tree on which a monkey [kapIl sits (Monkeys enjoy ~ [bpil See afu. P , lagur. its fruit). See m:r. ~ [kapi$], ~a [k;pi$var], ~ [kapldr] qfug;:r [kapIdhujl, ~ [kapIdhvaj] See ~ king of monkeys, Sugriv. 2 Hanuman. "Qar kapIdhvaj rath lai bahu biran ko ghaI." ~ [kapiral n cutting tool. 2 dagger. "ekkapira lehu hamara."-GPs. 3 S unlucky. 4 vicious, evil. -carrtr 137. 'Arjun threw it in his chariot. ' afutrfu' [bpIpatIl, orf't.Rri:r [bpIrajl lord of ~a [bpur 1 Skt wfa n camphor; a tree and the fragrant white material produced from its the monkeys, Sugriv. 2 Hanuman. crftni5" [bpIll Skt n fire. 2 dog. 3 Shiv. extract, which is volatile and like ghee is 4 brass. 5 sun. 6 a celebrated sage who inflammable. It is lit during an ~ [artil (a wrote Sankhya Shastar; son of Devhuti and ritual worship performed with lighted lamps Kardam. According to Bhagwat, Kapil is or Kapur in tray moved in circular motion in regarded the fifth incarnation of Lord Vishnu. front of an idol or person). It is used in many In Geeta, Krishan has talked about medicines. Camphora Officinarum. lts latent effect is cold and dry. It gives "sIddhana kapIlo munIh." There is a reference in Purans that he incinerated ladIjoge~VJr means Kapil, of noble birth.
and~.

maphitasI ri."-dhcma trrloccm. See ~

cm.rtr.

cm.rtr

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I ._---~
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,--------------_._------------_._----------,

747

THE VALIANT CRUSADER, SARDAR JASSA SINGH AHLUWALIA

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748

MAHARAJA JAGATJIT SINGH JI, RULER OF KAPURTHALA

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energy to the brain and the heart and relieves cough and cold. It is beneficial for curing lung diseases. It relieves irritation of the liver, quenches thirst and induces sleep. 2 a Khatri subcaste; a Hindu business class in Punjab. 3 In Dasam Granth, some scribe has wrongly written kapur instead ofkarpur. See ~o. CXlJ'6TIfur i"iWS' [kapurs:rgh navab] In Sammat 1797, the governor ofLahore offered to confer the title of Nawab, a Jagir worth rupees one lac and a precious robe upon the Khalsa in Amritsar through Sabeg Singh, Vakil, so that mutual trust could be established, but no Sikh wished to accept these gifts from the tyrants. On repeated requests by Sabeg Singh, Panth agreed to confer the title of Nawab upon Kapur Singh - a VirkJatt of Faizalpur who was swaying a hand-fan over the assembly. This religious warrior rendered great service to the Panth and is regarded as one among the few eminent Sikhs. Kapur Singh expired in Sammat 1811 (1753 AD) in Amritsar and was cremated in the premises of Gurdwara Baba Atal. See avO'"ER)T. 2 grand son of Gurditta-an eminently pious personality of the Phul dynasty and son ofSurtia, who founded the village Kapurgarh after his name, which is now in Nabha state. He was childless, therefore Bhai Hamil' Singh, younger brother of Kapur Singh, succeeded him to the throne. 3 See avO! 1. ~ [kapurgarh] a village founded by Hamil' Singh's elder brother Kapur Singh, in Nabha state, subdivision Amloh, police station Bhadson. Baba Natha Singh, a highly pious Sikh, lived here during Sammat 1840. A Jagir ofRs. 1050 was donated by the state to Baba's dera. The sacred sword ofGuru Gobind Singh is preserved here.
~

[kapurthala] a city on the eastern bank of river Beas (Vipash), which is the capital of Kapurthala state. Hoshiarpur is situated to the north of this state, while Ferozepur and Jalandhar are to its south and east respectively. Its area is 652 square miles with a population of284070 (as per 1921 census). Thirty villages ofKapurthala state fall in districts ofAmritsar and Lahore also. The state owns 461 032 acres of land in the Avadh area. The total income of the state is about rupees 40 lacs. The forefather of Kapurthai a state, Sadhu Singh (some historians refer to him as Sadda Singh and Saddo) was a magnanimous person. He founded the village Ahlu, now in district Lahore. His dynasty Ahluwalia derived its name from the village Ahlu. 1 Badal' Singh, the grandson of Sadhu Singh, wa a follower of Nawab Kapur Singh, the chief ofFaizulapuria misl. In 1718 AD, a son, Jassa Singh, the light and glory of the dynasty, was born in the house of Badal' Singh. Badal' Singh died when Jassa Singh wasjust five years old. Mata Sundari brought him up with great affection, keeping his mother with hl:~r. Mata J i bestowed upon Jassa Singh a mace and entrusted him to Nawab Kapur Singh for instruction and orientation. Nawab Kapur Singh regarded him as his own son and educated him in the disciplines of religion and martial arts. While I on death bed, Kapur Singh, the sublirhe hero, presented Kalghidhar's sword to Jassa Singh, which was b,estowed upon the former by Mata Sundari. This precious sacred weapon is now preserved in the treasurehouse of the Kapurthala state. Following the footsteps of his illustrious

IVillage Ahlu, alongwith a few adjoining villages is now under the control of Kapurthala State.

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mentor, Sardar Jassa Singh earned name and fame in the Panth, served the community as chief of the Ahluwalia misl. He established his authority by capturing several territories. He captured Lahore in 1758 for some time. He made Kapurthala his capital after conquering it from Rai Ibrahim Bhatti in 1774. Illustrious families thought it an honour to be baptised by Jassa Singh. Raja Amar Singh of Patiala state was also baptised by him. Jassa Singh expired in 1783 in Amritsar. He was childless, therefore Sardar Bhag Singh was made chief of the state. He was 38 years old then. Bhag Singh died in 1801 in Kapurthala. His son Fateh Singh, born in 1784, was made the head of the state. He was a very close friend of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the lion of Punjab. They exchanged turbans in 1802. The far-sighted Raja Fateh Singh came under the protection ofthe British in 1826 and died in 1836. His son Nihal Singh succeeded him. Kapurthala army sided with Lahore during the first Anglo-Sikh war, therefore a portion ofthe territory Kapurthala state was seized. An annual tax of Rs. 1,31,000 was levied in lieu of the territory which remained under the control of Raja Nihal Singh who died in 1852. His elder son Randhir Singh, born in March 1831, was enthroned at the age of 22 years. He supported the British whole heartedly during the 1857 mutiny. For this overwhelming support, he was bestowed the honour of Rs. 15,000, salute of 11 guns, sprawling land in Avadh region alongwith the title of "farzade dIlbad rasixul Itkad d:>late fgla~ia." Raja Randhir Singh fell seriously ill in the ship, while sailing to England and had to return from Aden. He expired on 2nd April, 1870, on

the way in the ship itself. Kharak Singh, son of Raja Randhir Singh, who was born in 1850, was enthroned on 12 th May, 1870. He got mentally retarded, and the state was first put under administrative control of the Council, then was entrusted to the superintendent. Raja Kharak Singh expired in 1877 at Dharamsala and his five years old son, Tikka Jagatjit Singh, was made the ruler. Maharaja Jagatjit Singh, born on 24 th November, 1872, ascended the throne on 16 th October, 1877 and attained full power to run the state in 1890. Maharaja Jagatjit Singh was very fond of architecture. The buildings erected during his rule, the palace, courts, darbar hall, a gurdwara, a mosque etc are worth-seeing. He had good knowledge of Punjabi, English, French, Hindi, Persian and Urdu, and was an advocate of education. Above all in each department, he assigned his powers to his loyal and experienced employees. More than any other ruler of India, he travelled widely in the world. Pleased with his good governance, the British empowered him to dispense death sentence or capital punishment. In addition, the annual tax worth Rs 1,31,000 was waived off. The full title of the maharaja is-His Highness Colonel Farzande Dilband Rasikhul Itkad Daulte Inglishia Raja-e-Rajgan Maharaja Jagatjit Singh GC.S.I., GC.I.E., GB.E., Walie-Kapurthala. The eldest son of the Maharaja is tikka Paramjit Singh, who was born on 19 th May, 1892. Other sons, younger to him, are Mahijit Singh Amarjit Singh, Karamjit Singh, and lit Singh. Under the capable supervision of their father, they got very good education.

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Dynasty of Kapurthala State Sadhu Singh (Sadda Singh) Gopal Singh DevaSingh

I I

I
Gurubakhash Singh KirpaI Singh Sardar Laddha Singh Raja Bhag Singh (d 180 I)

I
SadarSingh Badar Singh (d 1723) (b 1718)SardarJassaSingh(d 1783)

I I

I I Raja Fateh Singh (d 1836) I

Raja Nihal Singh (d 1852)

,1

.----_.
Prince Bikram Singh (d 1887)

(b 1831) Raja Randhir Singh (d 1870)

Prince Suchet Singh (d 1902)

~L..---___
Raja Kharak Singh (d 1877) (b 1851)Raja Sir Harnam Singh l

I
(b 1872) Maharaja Jagatjit Singh

I
I
(b 1879) Raja Sir Daljit Singh l

SardarCharanjeetSingh l

(b 1870) Sardar PClrtap Singh I (d 1911)

I
(b 1892) Tikka Paramjit Singh

[kapurdeu] a dedicated disciple of Guru Arjun Dev. See Fft.Io. WJ'6T [kapura] a Brar Jatt Sardar, after whose name is founded by the town of Kotkapura. When the forces of the subedar of Sirhind reached the jungle while chasing Guru Gobind Singh, Kapura was with the royal forces at Mukatsar. After the terrible battle had taken place, he told the subedar that there was no water in the vicinity and prevailed upon him
IFor fear of dilation, detail about his genealogy has been witheld.

not to chase the Guru. Kapura was baptised as Kapur Singh by the Guru. The Guru presented him a sword and a shield, which are preserved with reverence in the palace of Faridkot. The shield made of rhino's skin is 22 inches in diameter. The sword is 31 inches long and is made of a special kind of steel of the Sikhmani variety. Its width is 1114 inches and the handle is golden. See GdlecXz. Manj Isakhan (who was the master of the neighbouring territory hanged Kapur Singh to death in 1708 AD. 2 testicle or kidney of a

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male goat etc.

spoon.
~ [kafan] A

Cfl;fift [kapuril adj (substance) made from

camphor. 2 camphor-coloured. 3 a colony, four kohs away from Sadhaura, which was the 37. capital of Sayyed Ammanulla, subedar of iiIil"i'ft [kafni] A n coffincloth worn by fakirs Gujarat. Band~ Bahadur destroyed this town around the neck; also worn by persons who and the Khalsa army looted it before regard themselves as dead. devastating Sadhaura. ~ [kafayat] A 0.%11 act of being enough. Qi)' [k3pE] trembles. "hath marof tanu kapL" 2 moderation, restraint. -majh barahmaha. 2 See ~. ~ [kafarah], ~ [kafarat] A vl1 and ail3' [kapot] SkI n which flies in the air like an '::-.111 n payment of penalty to atone one's sins; aeroplane I ; - bird. 2 pigeon. Poets compare meditating, fasting escaping from evil or sins. a graceful and well-built neck to that of a ~ [kafabt] A .:J11 n responsibility. pigeon. "kir J kapot bib kokIla kalapi ban lute ~ [kaphi] adjphlegmatic. "kaphi Mkari khaI phute phIr man chm hu na kIt-hi."-c(;fi 1. grahan kar chatibojh ban baq. man."-GPS. 'A Pigeons flying in the sky are employed to vain person is phlegmatic, divine knowledge is ghee.' deliver letters. ailftr [kapotI] pigeon (nominative case) "jIu ~ [kafidan] P d+? n breaking, ripping. pakhi kapotI apu banaIa."-bIha m 4. 'as a "kafid dal ba-asurana."-salah. flying bird (the pigeon) tempted by the seed, mr [kab] adv when, at what time. "kab lag got itself trapped in the net.' mastak carnan raj."-BGK. 2 n poet, versifier. aif~ [kapotIkal, [kapoti] female ~ [kabahu], ~ [kab-huk], ~ [kab-hu], pigeon (nominative case). "saghan chav taru ~ [kab-hU], ~ [kab-huk] advsometimes, ban mahI aha. rahIt kapot kapoti taha." at a time, any time. "kab-huk kou pav abm -GPs. pragas kau."-saveye m 4 ke. "kab-hu na ~ [kapol] SkI n cheek. bIsarahu man mere te."-nat m 5. ~ cmtfi')T [kapol kalpanal n gossip; a concocted mrM [kabaj] A j'1 n act of obstruction. story not based on any authentic reference. 2 controlling. 3 catching hold of. 4 a disease. cfu:r [kappaf] clothmaterial. See ql.fST. "kappaf Skt ~ constipation. It is of two typeskot usan an."-BG. first is a common one that may occur any time ~ ~ [kapPfe a[Jl;e] menstruate. due to a specific reason; the second is chronic Q1!~ [kapradan] See mrnfeo. from which one suffers daily. To cure ~ [kaph] SkI n cough, phlegm. See E cough. constipation, strong purgatives should not be 2 P ...;f palm, inner side of the hand. 3 foam, taken for they cause weakness. lather. \ The following are the reasons for constipation: excessive sitting, not answering CRF.r [kafa~] P n slippers" shoes. the call of nature on time, taking unsavoury 2 pair of wooden sandals. ~ P ~ or ~ cage. ~ [kafgir] P j'...;f n ilhplement to take dishes, weakening of the energy to push out faeces, drinking liquor, taking opium, cannabis, foam offa cooking vessel; a small ladle, spatula, lAccording to this derivation, aeroplane is also a kapot. hemp etc, not doing any exercise, eating tart

n coffin; cloth put over a dead body. "ab acho tIhkafan banYL"-cantr

Jf

J!

mr3't

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food in excess, doing excessive mental work, remaining in tension, not chewing meals well, not taking water when thirsty. This disease should be treated after knowing its cause, but the general treatment to get rid of it is as under: Taking hot milk or hot water at bed time, takingjam ofmyrobolan (harar); walking on foot; eating meals by chewing; taking butter, almond oil etc; consuming pith or pulp of amaltas gulk;}d (a medicinal paste prepared by mixing rose-petals with sugar), bamf$a (viola odorata-a medicinal herbal plant); aniseed (s5ph--pimpinella anisum), after boiling all these like tea. Taking kernels of almond, seeds of cucurbit, cassia lanceolate, raisin, gulk;'}d in equal measure, and making their paste by crushing them together and eating one or two tolas of this paste with warm milk or warm water before going to sleep. ~ [bbjah], a-aw [bbja] A ~~ n act of controlling. "dIl kabaj kabja kadro dojak sajaI."-tr]i;ig m 5. 2 grip of a sword. QS'ij1? ~ [kabjul vasul] A J';}Ir..f! n receipt given after taking possession of an object. ~ [kabaqqi] See ~. ~ [kabqhi] n prosody. "harI ke s;'}t kabqhi sunaii."-krrSdn. ~ [kabar] A j pit dug for burying the dead; grave; The grave should be as deep as the chest of the dead person is wide and, on one side of it, a cave should be dug in which the dead body can be laid spaciously. The face of the dead body should be towards Kaba. While closing the grave one should be careful that the soil does not fall on the dead body. Raising a building on the grave is against the Islamic code; Abu Huraira writes that when people leave after laying

the dead body, the angels, Munkar and Nakir, arrive and ask the dead person, "Do you have faith in Hazarat Mohammad?" If he says 'yes', the grave extends to 70 11, length and as many yards in breadth; light glows, angels tell him (her), "Have sound sleep till the doom's day; you will not experience any suffering." If the dead says. "1 do not know Mohammad," his(her) grave becomes so narrow that the body feels compressed. It is written in Mishkat that an atheist is so beaten with sticks that all the animals and birds near the grave can hear his wails, only the human beings cannot hear them. This suffering in the grave is called azabul kabaf. 2 See ~. ~ [kabra], q<ra- [kabro] Skto:<f.-a adjdappled, spotted. 2 Skt ~Q n gold. "jIu k;'}can kothari chapa kabro hot phIro."-sar m 5. 'as an ornament of gold, melted in a crucible, takes the crucible's shape, but assumes its original form, after all to remain gold.' ~ [bbal] A j adv earlier, sooner. 0llfli5TR" [bblasl See ~. qaT [kaba], o:artI [kabau], o:arfu [bbaI] A ~ n dress, apparel. 2 gown. ~ [kabaII] See ~. ~tl"'Y'3' [bbahat] A.::.>~ defect, badness. 2 difficulty, hardship, distress. ~ [kabadah] P vV' n soft bow; to learn archery one has to start with pulling a soft bow. "gahr kabada khrchan kar"E."-GPs. o:a-rS' [bbab] A,";,,!) n roasted meat. 2 minced meat in roasted form. o:8"lft [kababi] adj kabab (roasted meat) eater. ~. [kabayal] A J~ plural of~. ~~ [kabalah] A .J~ stand surity. 2 take someone's responsibility. 3 He Qabbaleh E Cabbala (or Cabal); explication of the holy scripture's meaning, elaboration of the latent

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cnrr

cmro

doctrine. 4 a secret group; friends' circle. I [kab'arl n garbage, junk, rags. 2 futile acts, evil deeds. "je sau kUfia kur kabar. "-dhana m 1. "choQahu pra!).i kur kabara."-maru solhe m 1. cmr;ft [kabari], ~ [kabaria] adj who deals in discarded articles or junk. ~ [kabaru] See ~. afu [kabI] adv at any time. 2 Skt qfu n poet, versifier. "kabI jan jogi jatadhari." -bas~'Jt kabir. cxfuo [kabIt] See cmf3'. aftraT [kabIta] See ~. 2 Skt poet, versifier. "kabIt pare parI kabIta mue."-sor kabir. [kabbIt] Skt ~ n poem; poetry. motIn kESi manohar mal guhe tuk acchar rijh rIjhavE, prem ko p~th katha harInam ki uktI anuthi banay sunaVE, 'thakur' so kavI bhavE hamE JUI sarv sabha me baQhappan pavE, P~Q It log prabinan ko joi CItt harE su kabbIt kahavE. 2 poetic art, poetic quality. 3 a poetic metre; generally all the poetic metres can be said to be 'kabbIt' but it is a special kind of a metre comprising long lines and is called m;:mhar or manhara!).. It is characteristed by four lines, each line containing 31 characters with three pauses - one each after every eighth character and the fourth pause is after the last seventh, ending with a guru. Use of the same characters and their alliteration in this poetic metre makesthe composition very delightful.
~

Although the above-mentioned characteristic specifies a kabbIt, some poets have also laid down the following rules to maintain its rhythmic charm: (l) It should not begin with a jaga!). that is laghu, guru, laghu. (2) A single word comprising a taga!). is also not permitted at the beginning. (3) A taga!). should not occur after four characters. (4) A word of three characters in the form of maga!). at the end is not appropriate. (5) At the end of the Ii :1C there should be no combination of guru, laghu, laghu, and guru i.e. bhaga!). and a guru. (6) All the four pauses should end at the exact number ofcharacters; without splitting a word. (7) Combinations should occur between similar words and not between a similar and a dissimilar word. For example: (a) chatr-dhari chatripatI chElrup chItInath, cho!).ikar chayabar, chatripatI gaiE..-gyan. (b) VI svpal jagtkal d mdyal vErISal, sada pratIpal jamjal te rahIt hE..-akal. (c) sodh hare devta VIrodh hare dano baQe, bodh hare bodhak prabodh hare japsI.. -akal. knpan and ghanak~ri metres are also included among the category ofbbbIt. See
~and~.
~ [bbfdr] Skt~ poet laureate; leading

poet.

tIt is evident from the history cifEngland that in 1672

AD a committee was constituted to discuss foreign affairs. which had Clifford. Arlington, Buckingham, Ashley and Lauderdale as its members. This club came

to be known by the name of the word formed from the

initial letters of the five names comprising the group.

Skt ~ n Kailas is white like a crystal shining in water. It is 25 miles north of Manasarover. Per Purans, this mountain of silver is to the west ofSumeru. It is the dwelling place of Shiv. "kotI mahadev aru bbrlas. "-bher d kdbir. qaT [kabi] adv at any time. 2 n poet, versifier.

~ [kabIlas]

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onftr

"Kabir Chaura" with a temple built at Lahar Talao. ~ [kabir] a renowned Indian saint, Kabir The anthology of hymns of Kabir is named was born to a Brahmin widow on 15 th Jeth, as Kabir Bijak which was compiled by Sammat 1455. The mother abandoned the new Dharam Das and Surat Gopal etc, his born infant on the bank of Lahar pond in disciples. Kabir Bijak is said to have been Benaras. A weaver Ali (N iru) took. the infant written by Dharam Das in Riwa state during to his house and his wife Nima brought him Sammat 1521. up like her own son. His hymns are also included in Guru Granth At the proper time he was named Kabir Sahib. "kahat kabir ChOQI bIkhIarasu."-sri. as per Muslim faith. Islamic teaching was imparted to him but his natural inclination was See afcr "fll""fua. 2 A d adj elderly, aged, old towards Hinduism. On attaining the age of person. "haka kabir karim tU."-tIl5g ill 1. 3 n adolescence, he was narried to Loi and a son God, the Creator who is the greatest of all. Kamaal was born to her. ~ [kabirpathi]i a member ofKabir's sect, On the advice of Ramanand, who asked a disciple of Kabir. 2 The weavers also call him to recite the name of Ram, Kabir adopted themselves Kabirpanthis as the cobblers (shoemakers) are called Ravidasie. Vaishnavism. Kabir got ample opportunities to learn about doctrines of various sects and amaaH'l [kabirbasi] belonging to the pedigree discuss them because Kashi was a centre of ofKabir. 2 The weavers also call themselves as Kabirbansi. knowledge for scholars. His penetrating intellect made him adept in disputation. He -mftg [kabiru] See milo. "bhaIO kabiru udasu."-s. attained knowledge of the ultimate reality. ~ [kabi1a] A J..J n family, tribe, clan. "guru Due to his long association with highly kabi1a let 1aghae. "--GPs. learned persons, he became consummately ~ [kabuj] See cffi;,. 2 See ml"iJC?~. "kabuj erudite and many people gained from him in 1Ikha kaji te 1ai."-cantr 287. return. ~ [kabutar] P ]51 n pigeon. See qtfo. When Sikandar Lodi visited Benaras in a{jdaa1f.l [kabutarbaz] pigeon fancier. Sammat 1547, Kabir was brutally maltreated ~ [kabutri] female pigeon. on the instigation of fanatic Muslims. This ~ [kabud] P ,,51 adj blue. "sosanI kasanI found expression in Kabir's hymn: "bhuja kabud." -salah. 2 n a particular mountain. badhI bhIla kan dario."-g5<;i. But at last his ~1'5' [kabul] A JJ n acceptance, approval. "bIn bhagatI ko na kabul."-akal. 2 bag tied to elderliness left an indelible mark on the mind the saddle of a horse, in which the rider keeps of the emperor. his articles. To prove that one does not attain salvation by breathing his last in Kashi and damnation ~'d" [kabu1pur] See UFIC'lY'd". by dying in Mag-hal', Kabir moved to that place ~ [kabu1I] having accepted. "pahIla maraI). (which is situated 15 miles to the west of kabuII."-var illanl 2 ill 5. Gorakhpur) a few days before his death and criitr [kabojJ See ofijtr. a*3" [kabot] See cxti"o. he left this mortal world in Sammat 1575. Kabir's memorial in Kashi is known as mfq [kabadh] Skt CPCsr.'tT n headless body. "larat

onitJ:r [kabis] adj leading poet; mentor of poets.

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adClr jaIkE pakhaQ kamatta."-BG. cnftr [kamClddh] See cnfq. "dhavat addh kamaddh aneka."-gyan. ID!O't [kamni], ~ [kClmniy], ~ [kamniv] Skt~ adjdesirable. 2 beautiful, charming. cnmJ:f3' [kClmbaxat] P adj unfortunate, unlucky, ill-fated. q}/lf}f3l [bmbaxti] P (If n bad luck, misfortune. 'Wia [kamClr] Skt adj loving, erotic. 2 P / n waist, loins. 3 girdle, waistband. 4 A ) moon. ~ [kamarkasa] n strip of cloth worn round the waist. 2 act of wearing a strip of cloth round the waist. 3 gum of pCllas tree and a dish prepared by mixing it, especially taken by women. It relieves them of pain in the waist. CIHQl.f [kamrClkh] Skt ~1T n a tree which produces sliced citron fruit used in pickle and sauce. Its fruit and roots are used in many medicines. L Averrhoa Carambala. iSI'l-f'C:fGlT ~ [kamarbasta] P .:-.-;/ adj determined CQ-Itl'T3' [kamjat], m-rtrf3" [kamjatI] P ..:;..uf adj to act; with loins girded up ready. mean, base. "khasam vIsarahI te kamjatI." mralfe' [kamarbad], ~ [kamarbadu] P -sodaru. n cloth that is worn round the waist, girdle. aHito [kamzor] P adj weak, feeble. "kamClrbadu satokh ka."-sri m 1. 2 belt. 3 adj Cl'Jfi5' [kamath] n tortoise. 2 porcupine, rabbit. determined to act. 3 bamboo. 'Wia' [kamra] L Camera G Kamara. n room, IDfOT [kamtha], m-ro9' [kamthi] n small bow. cubicle. ~ [kamtar] P ? adj much less. Cl'H6t [kamri] adj related to the waist. 2 mad, infatuated. "jutIn 55 kClmri kClr Qari."-caritr ~ [kamtarin] P 4:l? adj minimum, lowest, poorest, inferior most. "man kamin 121.3 n blanket, thick woollen covering. "tan kamtarin."-var mala m 1. upClr kamri SIt lina."-NP. 4 loincloth. 5 brassiere IDf3T [kamta] n shortage, scarcity, loss, to which strings are attached. 6 A rJ) humiliation. "kIln kamta apni cahE."-GPS. pertaining to the moon. 2 adjperformed. See 'Cl'>f3'. "so QClrE jIm pap q}l'H' [kamal] Skt n lotus. "hClrI cara!). kamal mClkrJd lobhIt mClno."-dhana m 1. kamte."-bIha chJt m 4. lIn numerous chronicles. there are stories of valiant 2 water. 3 eyeball. 4 a metre consisting of four lines, each line comprising a mga!).: III persons fighting headless against their enemies.

kabadh turak gan sage."I-PP. 2 cloud, rain. 3 water. 4 Rahu. 5 abdomen, stomach. 6 a sage. 7 a celestial musician. 8 a demon whose head was detached from his neck by a heavy stroke of thunderbolt from Indar and got embedded into his abdomen. After chopping his hands, Ram Chandar pitched him alive in the ground in Dandak gardens. c5t [kabhi] advat some time. em [kam] P adj little. ~ [kamasret] E commissariat. n a department charged with furnishing of provisions, as for the army. ~ [kamxab] P n a costly cloth, in which the warp is of silk and the waft is of golden thread. This cloth manufactured in Kashi is of fine quality. It is also known as cfufcrra' [kimkhab]. mIlf.iIT [kamakhya] See Ci(T}-fTl:fJfT. 'Cl'>f(Jfij' [kamaggar] P ./If maker of bows. cpffit [kamci] T n fine stick. ~ [kamacchIa], ~ [kamachya] See

IDffir [kClmClUa] adj did; put into practice. "jagCll

,-,Ii

k./

.JJ?

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Example: bhdj;m. kdrdn. dukhdn. ddrdn (b) a variation of ChdPPdY metre. See ~ ~. 5 short form ofmrw; Lakshmi. "sdkdI dnup rup kdmdI bIkhE sdmat."-BGK ~ [kdmdIsut] Brahma, son of lotus. CX}ffi" 9lJH [kdmdI kusum] lotus flower. 2 See
~.

tdnay], Wffi"3T3" [kdmdItat] Brahma, who is born to 10tUis flower; son oflotus. CX}ffi" 313" 313" [kdmdI tat tat] Brahma, son of lotus, his son Naval. "kdmdI ke tat ke tat sag nan lE."-GV 10. 'Narad, taking female demons along with him.' ~ [kdmdItral).] pond, which protects lotus flowers; a lake.-scmama. ~ [kamalmydn], ~ [bmaInm] adj having eyes like lotus. "kamaInm ajdo SIam." -caum 5. Cl'lfli5Y3" [bmaIput], ~ [kdmdIputr] Brahma. See ~3". 2 adj born to lotus. "brdhdm kamalput, min bIasa."-kan am 4. 'Brahma is the son of lotus and Vyas of Matsyodari. ' ~ [kamalpragas], ~ [kamaIbIgas] n act of heart's blossoming; that which is shaped like a lotus bud; blooming ofthe heart. "can padarath kamal pragas."-sukhmcmi. "kamal pragasu bhaIa guru paIa."-mali m 4. "kamal bIgas sada sukh paIa."-maj.ht am 3. ~ [kamalbadhu] sun, who is a friend of lotus flowers. ~ [bmdIvIgas] See C'Xlffi faorrFf. "kdmdI vIgSE SdCll mdn."-var mala m 3. 'QH'W [bmIa] adjmad, insane. "bInu naVE jdgU kdmIa phIrE."--var sor m 3. 2 lotus. "kutab dekh bIgdSdhI bmIa jIu."-sri kabir. 3 Skt Lakshmi, the goddess ofwealth. "kamla bhrdm bhitI kdmIa bhrdm bhitI he."-asa chat m 5. 'Looking at the wall of illusion, the ignorant

IDR?tf [bmldj], CX}ffi" 3?ilif [kdmdI

person is fearing c;onfusion.' 4 an ardent devotee I of Guru Nanak. "kdmIa nam das Ik aha."-NP 5 See ~)T 4. ~o [kdmIasan] Brahma, who uses lotus as his seat. ~ ~ [kdmlah gdrh] a village in the princely state ofMandi. Twenty four miles to its north, there is an aId fort bearing this name where Guru Gobind Singh stayed for some time. Close to this place, the king ofMandi got built a fort named Gobindgarh. In 1887 Sammat Maharaja Ranjit Singh conquered Kamlahgarh.
See~ar;r.

[kClmIalkat], m-rwof3" [bmIakat] husband [kat] ofthe goddess ofwealth [kClrnla]; Vishnu. 2 the Creator, whose maidservant is worldly power (maya) "kamlakat karahI katuhal."-maru solhe m 5. ~ [kamIachal).I] Skt ~ adj having lotus-like eyes. "krorI kralap karE kamIachal).I."-caHtr 115. 'Lotus eyed woman makes crares of lame:nts.' See ~. ~ [bmIapatI] See~. "bmIapCltI kClvIa nahi jana."--dhana kabir. ~ [kamlavati] See ~ (b). affi\ft [bmli] adj mad, headstrong. 2 n blanket. "IE kamli calIa pattaL"-bher namdev. 3 Skt
~Brahma.

[kamIia] See y.fIffi1R3'. [kamles] n Brahma 2 lord [i~] of Kamla [lak~mi], Vishnu. 3 lord of material world, Brahma. ~ [kdmIehI] is of the lotus. "Esi hdrI SIU pritI kan jEsi jal karnIehI."-sri a m 1. ~ [kClrnIoha] dovl~-like bird found in the mountains which is pale yellow in colour and is the size of a pigeon. People kill it for food; its meat is greenish in colour.
~

lIt is different from bmlie (godrie); several writers have

---------

taken kamla and kamIia to mean the same. See l1fffiflB.

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~ [kamaul).a] v make money by doing

work. 2 put into practice, practise. "apI kamau avra updes."-gau m 5. 3 rightful payment received by a village menial in return for professional service. ~ [kamau] adj earner, breadwinner. 2 practitioner, doer. ~ [kamau] Skt Kamrup comprises western part of Assam and eastern and northern parts ofBengal. "kasi bie jae te kamau jaye mare hE." -cantr 266. 2 See ~ 2. awt ~ (~) [kamau gaqh (garh)] a fort in the capital ofKamrup. "phatak si kdas kamau gaqh. "-akal. ~ [kamaIO], ~ [kamaIara], ~ [kamaIaro] earned; made with hard work. 2 practised. "dIn ratI kamaIaro so aIo mathe."-asa ch5t m 5. ~ [kamaIl).], mflf~ [kamaIl).u] n undertaken action. 2 adv as a result of hard work. "papi pacIa apI k<:>maIl).u."-bher m 5. ~ [kamai] n earning. 2 intense effort, hard work. 3 practice, action. "pure guru kamai." -ram am 5. 4 C{I}f-~ [kam-ai] is useful. "apna kia kamai."-sor m 1. 5 a small earthern bowl [ku-may] "pothi pural). kamaie. bhau vati Itu tan paie."-sri m 1. 'Acting upon teachings contained in the holy scriptures, is like a small earthen bowl for the lamp.' ~ [kamaie] is [ku-may] (a small earthern bowl). 2 See ~. CUfTfR' [kamasI] can do. "kIa Ih karam kamas I." -kan m 5. 'ii(HItft [kamahi] earn, earns. 2 practise, earn. "kural).u kateb dIl mahI kamahi."-maru solhe m5. ~ [kamac] a musical measure; also called khamac. It is a complete musical measure wherein the ascending scale, second note, n~abh, is forbidden. Therefore it is a complete

musical measure of six notes in the ascending order. The seventh note, nI~ad, is full tone, but in the descending order it is halftone. The third note, gadhar, is primary note and the seventh note, nI~ad, is secondary. The home note is the third note, gadhar. The first quarter of night is the time for singing it. ascending: ~a ga rna pa dha na ~a descending: ~a na dha pa rna ga ra ~a "gujan ar kamac dhanvati."-GPs. ~ [kamal).] See c:rnro. CUf'C!tIT [kamal).ca] See m-fTOBT. ~ [kamal).a] adj which has been earned or put into practice. "ethe kamal).a su age aIa." -maru solhe m 3. 2 earned. 3 used. "cahu jugI mas kamal).a."-var mala m 1. IDPit [kamal).i] put into practice. 2 earned, produced. 3 See ~. ~ [kamal).] from doing. "kup kamal).e kuro hove." -var asa. cmr31' [kamata] earned, done. "sabh lathe pap kamate."-sor m 5. 2 C{I}f-fT3T [kam-ata] is helpful. "sabh tero kia kamata he."-maru sollie m5. IDfTftr [kamatI] uses. "han han aukhadhu sadh kama tI." -sukhmani. mI"'e' [kamad] n smell of the field - sugarcane. "toIahu an kamad kapaha."-var mala m 1. ~ [kamada] earns. ~ [kamadu] See Wi"e'. COfTO [kaman] P l:1lf n [kham-an] curved weapon, bow. 2 earned, did "dUI mas raj kaman."-gyan. "nanak kIrat kaman."-bavcm. 3 E command, order, permission. ~ [kamangar] See wfoRr. aJ-I"i'ffiT [kamanca] P ,.ilf small bow. 2 soft bow, kabada. 3 bow-like instrument which carpenters use to rotate a drill. ~ [kamanjanau], ~ [kamanjany] n an arrow, which is shot from a bow.-s;mama.

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759

mile from this village to the north east. The Guru came here from Hehran. About 10 bighas flexible and bent metal which when pressed gets pushed but tends to return to its original of land has been donated by the village to the position when the pressure is relaxed. E spring. gurdwara. ~ [kamavhI] make use of. "hovahI raje awJf [kamam] A (If' roses in bloom. 2 A (,; ras kas bahutu kamavahI."-var majh m 1. sense of being mixed. 3 justice. 4 truth, reality. 5 thick syrup. 2See~. Q)fl'ij" [kamar] See gI"Q 5. ~ [kamavdara], aJ~ [kamavdaro] v earns, does. "kuru kapatu kamavdaro janamahI ~ [kamal] A JIf' adj perfect, complete. chJt m 5. s;-}sara."-asa "karimul kamal. hE."-japu. 2 n Kalbir's son. "upjIo put kama!." -s kabir. 3 a Muslim of ~ [kamavan] v See ;~. Kashmir, who after becoming a disciple ofGuru ~ [kamIchya] See ~. Har Gobind, turned very pious and remained crlH3'r [kamIta] See iif,H'Er. "se karam kamIta." -var suhi m 3. in the service of the Guru at Kiratpur. 4 Two n loss, deficiency. famous Iranian poets also carried the same mit [kami] P name; one lived in Afhan and the other was a cnft>,rr [kamia] shortage, loss, lack. 2 is wanting; lacks. "tIsu jan ko kahu kaki kamia?"- gau m 5. resident ofKhajand. The first died in 639 and CDfu:r [kamij] A p! shirt. L Camisia. F Chemise the second in 883 Hijri. m.fto [kamin], CX'}-itnr [kamina], ~ [kamino] P ~ [kamaldf] See 1J?l'T (b) ~ [kamalpur] a village in Patiiala state, adj little, trifle. 2 low, mean, base. "man kamin kamtarin."-var mala m 1. "bInse tan district Sunam, tehsil Bhawanigarh, police te sab kam kamino. ''--gurusobha. station Dirhba. To the north of this village at a distance of half a mile, there is a place which a>-ffir [kamir] See onnQ'. "kahI kamir kul jatI patI tajI."-ram kabir. was visited by Guru Nanak Dev and Guru a)j [kamu] S work. 2: less. See m-r. Hargobind respectively. Maharaja Karam Singh got a gurdvvara built aHQ' [kamer] See cPr.;r. "kotI kamer bharahI bMQar."-bhET a kabir. there. About 75 bighas ofland, free ofrevenue [kamo] See cia-. and as much with revenue, were donated to the gurdwara by the Patiala state. An Udasi ~ [kamod] See ~:fe-. aH-ecit [kamodki] Vishnu's mace. See~. saint serves as the priest. "kamodki hath ke bie s;-}bhari."-knsan. There is a metalled road from Sangrur railway station upto Sangtiwala. Next six miles aHfeo1' [kamodIni] See ~. are unmetalled. Again there is a metalled road ~ [kam;}Qal], cOO~~ [kam;-}Qalul n that which acquires the splendour of water; water from Nabha railway station to Bhawanigarh container with a handle, jug with a spout. but next seven kohs are unmetalled. 2 A village 2 water container used by fakirs, made of of this name also falls in district Ludhiana, riverine coconut; oval shaped bowl carried by tehsil Jagraon which is at a distance ofsix miles monks. "rajan $ri raghunath ke bE! kumaQal and a half from the railway station Jagraon to choQ kamaQal line."-ramcJdrIka. "hath the south east. A gurdwara in memory ofGuru kam;-}Qalu kapria meHU tnsna."-maru am 1. Gobind Singh is situated at a distance of one

mro1 [kamani] See m-r<it 2 P jlf' a device of

o:f

em

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CiIlN[kamad] p;;f n noose, snare. "ka varJ}adr bakhanke mad bahur pad dehu. hovat nam kamad ke em catur crt lehu."--scmama. 2 rope made by twisting cords. 3 See ~. mfq [kamadh] See mftr. "kamadh adh utthhi. "-rudr. mj' [kamr] Skt adj beautiful, pleasing. 2 See
cv-Rl'.

mj"'G [kamrat] See ~.

vomit, puke, spew. See~. cflilTJ1 [kayas] A vll n guess, conjecture. 2 idea, thought. ~ [kayasan] adv supposedly, by guessing, by estimate. ~ [kayafah], ~ [kayafa] A Jg act of knowing someone's qualities and feelings from his appearance; physiogonomy. ~ [kayam] A (g stay; state. 2 to stand. gtiI"H3' [kayam;~t] A ...::/ 11 n condition, state. According to Islam, dead bodies will stand up on the doomsday. So on the last day, persistence [kayam] ofsouls in bodies is named as kayamat. "kayamat ke hi dryas me sabho nabera hOI."-mago. It is written in Surat 32 and Ayat 5 of Koran that the day after doomsday will equal thousand years of human life in which God Himselfwilljudge the good or bad deeds of the human beings. ~ [karl Skt n hand. "kar kapahr SIr Qol."-jE't chJt m 5 "kar karl tahal rasna gUlJ. gavau." -gau m 5. 'service performed with hands.' 2 ray. "caQ ke ban krdh5 kar bhanahr dekhkE dEt gai dutr dia."-cJQi 1. 3 land revenue, duty, tax. See C@" 2.4 elephant's trunk. "kucaru taduE pakarr calaro kar uparu kaQhr nrstare."-nat am 4. 5 hailstone. 6 adjwho does something, as in sukhkar, dU$kar etc. 7 suiof. "ja kar rup rag nah1 janrat."-hajare 10. 8 kar has been used for kal (peace, quiet or relief) also. "parat na chrn kar."-carrtr 278.9 See CiS'. "kartoryo

~ [kay] A

L.

jrs ne nrj hath."-GPS. 10 imperative ofkarna Skt gg. "kar mrtrai sadh sru."-asa m 5. ~ [karau] See ~ "karau seva gur lagau caran."-dhana am 5.2 n distance covered by two steps, measure of one and a half yard. "karau aQhai dharti magi bavan rupr bahanE." -prablla am 1. 3 do, (I) act. ~ [karauti] See ~. ~ [karauli] See 0f6lWtl' [kar-aj] Skt nail, that grows on the hand [karl "harnakhas phare kar-aj."-savye m 4 ke. ~1>w [karaia] See ~. ~ [kara$] Skt Cfi1>f n pulling, ploughing. 2 measure equal to sixte~n mashas. ~ [kar$ak] Skt cuf~ adj who ploughs; engaged in farming. 2 yoked to pull. a-am; [karsan], CiRJ"R"f?> [karsanr] will do (plural) "karsanr takhat salam."-var majh m 1. 2 Skt cufCf n pull, attraction. CldR,f~M [karsarl] See CldR'GtM. crdF.fTl:fT [kar$akha] n finger, which is a branch of the hand. "karsakha rksar vrsala."-NP CldR'Gtd [karsayar], CldR'GtM [karsayal] Skt ~ n black deer. "gharl ek pare tarph su mana karsayal sIgh brQare."-krrsaIl. Cl'd'J'ft [karsi] (He) wi 11 do. 0RIF.l[P' [kara$ma] P ,-:f n strange or wonderful action. 2 magic. Cl'dUM' [karhal], ~ [karhala], a:atJC1 [karhalu] Skt ~ A ~}, S aa-fr E Camel n camel, dromedary. "belr balha karhala. "-dhana namdev. "jEse karhalu belr rijhai."-asa m 4. "asv nag karhal arurrt kotr tetisa gaje."-saloh. In olden times, trading goods were carried to different countries on camelbacks and the camels always kept travelling in foreign lands. The idea of a camel as a transmigratory creature recurs in Gurbani. See the hymn karhale man pardesia.-gau m 4. under~.

cmm.

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seawater. 2 P .If a powerf.ul emperor. 3 the [karhale] See ~. Creator, God. 4 Dg a bone. [karha] See ~. ~ [karhali] n cry, wail. "subh SUI;li karhali C1dCldfu [karkaraln] the Creator did. See 0RlCfd" srav!)atbij di."-caqi 3.2 a village in the Patiala 3 and C1fdCldFiJ. state, three kohs from Samana to the east C1dCldd' [karkarta] adj performing action; practising; putting into practice. "karkarta under Chuharpur police station. The ninth Guru utaraSI para."-ram kabir. visited this place. A gurdwara is situated at a distance of three furlongs to the nOlth east of crecrnr [karkara] crisp. 2 See ~. 3 crisp white gourd cooked in sweetened milk, candied the village. 150 bighas land has been donated white gourd, sweet pudding prepared with by the Patiala state. Rupees fourteen are white gourd. "bhato pahItI aru lapsi annually paid by the Jind state. This place, to karkara."-asa kabir. south west of Patiala railway station, is connected by 11 miles long unmetalled road. QdC{I' [karka] Skt n hailstone. "karka ko barkhaI bIsala."-NP ~ [karahu] do. "karahu anugrahu parbraham."-asa m 5.2 get done. "'han jiu! '6I'd"CI"9 [karkaru] Skt cfiCfif~ n white gourd. tIn ka darsan na karahu."-var sor m 4. ~ [karke] adj equall, comparable. "mE satiguru nu parmesar karke ja!)da ha." 2 adv ~ [karak] n shooting pain, pang, twinge. "karak kareje mahi."-sor bhrkhcm. 2 Iightning through, by means of. "guru karke gIan prapat huda hE." followed by thunder; crash. 3 Skt onf~. 4 pomegranate. 5 mJIsari tree; minusops ~ [kdrakh] See Cll1r and ~ "tumre daras elangi. 6 karir, a wild caper. 7 kacnar tree. karakh man lina."-NP. 'fascinated'. bauhinia variegata. 8 Skt CJ:Cf crab. 9 fourth 2 t."J a town near Baghdad. sign of the Zodiac, whose stars are in the form ~ [karkha!)] SktcxR,! n pull. 2 drawing furrows with a plough. of a crab; capricornus. 10 Skt ororn- adj bitter, harsh. "karak sabad sam VIkh n~ vIkham hE." ~ [karxat] P .::;";'.1' adj harsh, rugged. 2 rough. 3 See Cl"oftrer. -BGK. 11 hailstone. ~ [karkas] See aoor 10. 'CIal:fOT [karkhana] See 6I""dl::!"<!. ~ [karkat] garbage, refuse. 2 Sktcftlc crab, ~ [karkha] a poetic metre with four lines, which lives in water and looks like a scorpion. each having 37 matras. The first pause is at 3 pair of circular logs. "karkat pai jhabiE." the eighth matra, the slecond at the twelfth -BG. 'Corn is threshed in a circle like a thereafter, the third at the eighth after that, and wooden frame for the well made oflogs, due the fourth at the penultimate eighth; the end to which there is no fear of grains getting comprising a yaga!). This metre describes best the emotion of heroism. There is a reference scattered.' 4 Cancer, a sign ofthe Zodiac. See CiRJq" 9. in Dasam Granth: "dhadhISEn dhadi bhav layo. karkha var ~ [karkati] Skt ~ a kind of sparrow. ucarat bhayo.-carrtr 405. "gae jE karkha." 2 See acfflt. crnoro [karkan] See 'i5SC'l. "atI kark;m jIh ki -c{Jqi 2. kIlkari."-NP. The more the number oflaghu characters, the more enchanting does this metre become. crecRI' [karkar] Skt cNex n salt obtained from
'iil'ij'UT

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This metre is also known as ral).oddhIt." Example: uqat nabh garad, mukh jarad nIt bhramat raVI, udadhI ur darad, dal dabat laka, aC<:ll V<:lq qagat, $IV jagat nahI lagat II V, khagat bhay bhagat, bIdhI dagat $aka, ahIp hIy dharak pIth kamath luth kar<:lk uth, kharak sun bharak, har bnkhabh baka, bIkat bhat katak, npu thatak tan tajat jab, gajat gurusfgh, bhal bajat qaka. -srkhi prabhakar. 2 adj ~ fascinated, attracted. ~ [karkhIt] Skt csrfR'3' adj pulled, drawn. crear [karag], ~ [karag] See cx#ar. QQcJIl1 [kargas] P n vulture. "kargas min kacchu lumri."-saloh. 'The stream of blood has vultures, crocodiles, foxes and tortoises in it. ' ~ [karg<:lh] weaver's loom; comb in which warp is inserted. 2 P ~(;( n place of work, factory. "dh<:lranI akas ki kargah banai."-asa kabir. emfu' [kargahI] having acquired. "c<:lral). saral).agat kargahI lehu ubari."-hajare 1O. ~ [k<:lrgiri] n handicraft. "kyo na karo sIkhan kargiri?"-GPS. i5RJ11IT [kargha] See 'CiRJORJ 1. 2 strings tied to the pan of a scale. 3 string that passes through the middle ofa scale's arm and is held in hand while raising the scale. ern 'UijO l-IH'3'i5l' }h;r ~ [kar caran mastak mel line]-ram cMt m 5. Khatris, Shudars and Brahmans brought to an agreement. "car varal). Ik varal). karaIa."-BG. 2 having made Brahmans from Shudars. QO&T [karcha], ~ [karchi] Skt ~ n a ladle. "ns te karcha tapat uthayo. "-GPs. "juthi karchi parosan laga."-basat kabir. a'QH [karaj] Skt n nails, which grow on the hand. "karaj arul). jIm nag hVE suce."-NP 2 A

Jf

loan, debt. "ham karaj guru bahu saqhe."-gau m 4. 'We are highly indebted to the Guru.' See ~ 2. Q"atJ [kar<:lju] See ~ 2. "karaju utana satIguru."-brla m 5. ernitfir [kar jorI] with folded hands. See~. ern '{lTij' [karjhar] See '5Ta'. ~ [karat] Skt n crow. 2 elephant's temple. aa-it[karti] Skt n elephant, from whose temple an intoxicant oozes. ~ [karal).] Skt n main reason. 2 cause. 3 sense organs. 4 body, physique. 5 weapon. 6 in grammar, third declension. 7 Per astrology there are eleven cases such as ~ ~ etc which figure in the solar month. 8 Skt o:t ear "kar<:ll). dehu nahI nfda or."-GPS. 9 son of the sun from the womb of virgin Kunti, whose name was Vasushen. He was a great philanthropist and warrior. Weapon training was imparted to him by Dronacharya. He was also a disciple ofParshuram. Arjun killed him in the battle of Kurukshetar. There is a story in Mahabharat that once Durvasa, fascinated by Kunti, daughter of Bhojraj, taught her a mantar with which she could summon any god of her choice. Kunti summoned the sun and from him a powerful armour wearing son i.e. Karan was born to her. To avoid public disgrace, she put him on a float and left it in Asht river to be swept away. Adhirath Sut took the child out ofthe river and handed it over to his wife Radha for his upbringing. Karan was a friend ofDuryodhan and an enemy of Pandavs. His wife was Padmavati and he lived at Malini. "bh<:le karal). smapati chatrpala. macyo juddh kruddha maha bIkrala."-j.:mmejay. 10 triangular plank on the back side of a boat. See ~. 11 A cJ} one, indivisible. "karal). k<:lrimna jato karta." -maru ajuli m 5.

J)

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mI. [karelI). adhar] basis of the senses; ~ [kara!).pur] n sarlh tree (allizzail bebbek) the Creator. 2 blue lotus. 3 an ornament which women CIld<!RRg Ml [kara!).saskuliJ Skt ~~rm near lobe. 2 a dish looking like an ear; samosa. wear in their ears. CIld<W'd [kara!).har], CIldc:ijig [kara:Qharu] adj ~tr [kara!).vedh] Skt n In Hinduism, the ceremony of piercing the ears. It has to be the Creator. "karal).har prabhu hrrdE vutha." - ram m 5. "kara!).haru jo kan rahIa sai performed from the sixth to the sixteenth month vaQIai."-brla m 5. after birth. The ear of Brahman and Vaish 1 ~ CIld'@C!d d [kara!). karava!).har] adj (one) should be pierced with the badkin ofsilver, that of Kshatri with the needle of gold and that of who himselfdoes and can get things done from others. 2 who gets things done by organs of Shudar with a packing needle made of iron. In perception. "kara!). karava!).har prabhu data." Sikhism piercing ofnose and ears is forbidden. -sorm5. ~ [kar!).a] v do; perform. 2 adj worthdoing. "jo kIChu kar!).a so kar rahIa."-var asa. 3 n CIldC!CIldC! [kara!).kare!).] adj the Creator of effect, work. "tudh ape kara!). ape kar!).a."2 causation; of all the elements, which caused the creation of the world, the Supreme. "hor -vaQ m 5. 4 caUSI~" "ape hi kar!).a kio. "-var nahi kara!).kare!).."-majh drnrc!). asa. 5 compassion. "kat;Jc kar!).a na uparjate." ~ W ~ [kara!). ka theh] three quarters of a -sahasm 5. mile from Thanesar to the north-west, on the 'CIldC!'G [kar!).at], ~c;TCCIl' [kar!).atak] n territory north-western corner ofthe Kurukshetar tank near Mysore. 2 language of Karnatak state. is situated a gurdwara of Guru Gobind Singh. CIldC! idCll [kar!).3tak] n Aljun, who killed Karan. -sanama. This gurdwara is half a mile away from Karan's mound. l See "EI7rno'if: 5. ~ [kar!).amayJ, ~ [karI).amE] adj CIldC!CIl i dC! [kara!).kara!).], CIldc:CIl'di'l [kara!).karan]. compassionate, merciful. "kartar kar!).amE din See CIldc:CIla c:. "kara!).kara!). samrathu hE."-var banti karE."-sukhmani. majh m 2. 2 apparently and conventionally. CI'd'ffi [kar!).an] n enemy of Karan, Arjun. 3 cause of the medium. -sanama. ~'@" [kara!).dEv] Karan, son of the sun. CIldC! i l'SGi [kar!).alay] ~ [kar!).aIE] abode of "kara!).dev praman lau arI jitkE bahu saj." mercy. See Cil2<!"?'l"l:if. -gyan. 'having conquered the enemy like the erc!t [karI).i] n deed, action. "jIh kar!).i hovahI glorious Karan. ' sarmfda."-dhana m 5. 2 toil, labour, work. adC!Q1d [karaI).dhar] n sailor, boatman; one "jah kar!).i tah:[ puri matI. "-sri m 1. who controls a boat, by rotating the oars. See 3 mason's implem<mt, which looks like a hand [kar]. 4 adj worthdoing. "kar!).i kar dhurahu ~. ~ [kara!). palah], ~ [kara!).palav] phurmai." -dhana chat m 1. 5 See afuit. Skt ~ i;[Wl.f n wail ofsorrow that generates 6See~3. compassion. "kara!).palahkare bahutere."-trlJg CIl'ditGI' [kar!).iy] adj worthdoing. mI. "kara!).palav karE bII-IavE."-maru solhe ~ [kar!).e] Se:e q;J<!". 2 duty. lIt is so known because it was at here that Karan and 'CIl'd'! [kar!).El of the Creator. "karte kE kar!).E
Arjun combated with each other. 2It also means 'He himself does and gets things done'.

~ l)fItI'I"6'

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nahi sumaru."-jdpU. 'There is no end to the feats of the Creator.' aa~ij'9 [kdrl).Eharu] See adC:lJ'd. "kdrl).Eharu rIdE mdhI dharu."-gduill 5. aoi3' [kdrl).at] Skt ~ up to the ear. 2 end of the ear; upper end of the ear. "saph SdmdSU ke kdC bIC eire. dISI dono kdrl).at ueire."-GPs. 'Divided the beard into two equal parts and wrapped one part around each ear.' aaiefd [kdrl).addrI] within the body. 2 See

cfufu.
<reo [kdrdt] does. 2 duty, action. "nana kdrdt

nd chutie."-oakar. 3 the Creator. "he gobfd kdrdt maIa."-sdllds ill 5. '0 merciful God!' 4 Skt~ difference, division. 5 pit, depression. 6 A.::.-J turn, time, opportunity. ~ [brtdgI], ~ [kdrtdgy] See ~
and~.

~ [kdrtdtt] S k t . n control; rightousness

of the Creator. cm30 [kdrtdn] Skt W n cutting. 2 spinning of yarn. 3 doers, creators. "kdrtdn mahI til brta bhidhI."-guj dill 5. Q'ij'3lf [kdrtdb] Skt~ adj worthdoing. "sdrdb kdrtdb mdmakdrta."-sdlldS ill 5. "tIS ke kdrtdb buthe jat."-sukllilldni. ~ [kdrtdri] Skt 91'efft n scissors. 2 See 0RJ3T
and~.

[kdrtdl] n palm of a hand. "mv nIdhI kdrtdl take."-sorrdvrdas. ";}SdtsIdhan thakur brt;}l dhdrIa."-soddTU. 2 Skt~ gimlet. "rId at;}r kdrt;}l kati."-prdblla beni. 'within is a deadly knife.' ~ ~ [kdrtdl kati] See ~ 2. ~ [kdrtdII], CX03ffi [kdrtli] on the palm. 2 n palm, fist (tight grip) "khdt d;}rSdn kdrtdli re."-asa ill 5. 'Evil deeds have tight control over the six systems of thought.' ~ [kdrt;}vy] See Q'ij'3lf. 0RJ3T [kdrta], ~ [brtar] Skt~' adj doer,

creator. "kdrta hOI j;}nave."-gduill 5.2 n God; the Creator. "kdrtara m;}m kdrtara. "-NP 'The Creator has created me.' 0RJ3Tij' f;fu' ~ [kdrtar CItt ave] sen Blessings of Guru Nanak (be upon you). Whenever some one greeted the Guru, he used to utter this sentence. aad'dh [kdrtardn] rays of the sun; rays of the sun to dispel darkness of ignorance. "k;}rtardn se subh yak vIlas."-NP. 2 clapping. "bIhag vIkardn ko k;}rtardn."-NP. See 3'00.3 kdrtarhdn. are the doers, are the makers. ~Q [kdrtarpur] a town founded by Guru Nanak Dev in Sammat 1561. It is situated in tehsil Shakargarh of district Gurdaspur. It is the same place where the universal Guru settled in Sammat 1579 after travelling far and wide to preach his doctrine. 1 Bhai Gurdas writes: "baba aIa kdrtarpur bhekh udasi sdgdl utara. pdlur sasari kdPpre maji bEth kia dvtara."- var 1. Bhai Doda and Duni Chand (Karorimall) put in strenuous efforts for the establishment of this town. They set up the village for the Guru and raised an inn (dharamsala). Guru Nanak Dev breathed his last in this town in Sammat 1596. Kartarpur has since long been submerged by river Ravi. The existing Dehra Baba Nanak or (Dera Nanak) was set up by Baba Sri Chand and Lakhmi Dass. The memorial ofthe Guru has also been reconstructed. The gurdwara has an annual donation of rupees 375 from village Kohlian and ajagir ono ghumaons ofland from various villages.
'From here also, the Guru travelled to other places for the reformation of the people i.e. Travel to Achalvatala etc.

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----_._---------,

---------------_._-----_---1
GURDWAI~A THAMM

SAHIB, KARTARPUR

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7fij

nak~a kartarpur

dehra baba nanak

..

c-_ ~~:....:. ~t.12mil.:

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sIalkot-naroval-amntsar relve

MAP OF KARTARPUR - DEHRA BABA NANAK

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""l kartarpur nakS .lC

jaladhar
nallan gurdvara-

J
khll!lm;Jlliil.

(2J.

MAP OFKARTARPUR - JALANDHAR

------::-~- - -

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This place is situated at a distance of twenty-one miles to the northwest of Batala. It is also a railway station of the NorthWestern Railway on Amritsar Verka Dera Baba Nanak line and its distance from Amritsar is 34 miles. Guru Hargobind also visited this place, where he met Baba Sri Chand. The following gurdwaras are located in this town: (1) Chola Sahib; (2 & 3) Rose-wood trees where Baba Sri Chand used to sit; (4) Dehra Sahib, where the memorial is situated; (5) Dharamsala of Guru Nanak Dev. The Guru initially stayed atthis place and preached sermons from there. (B) a town raised by Guru Arjan Dev in Sammat 1651 (1593 AD), which falls in J alandhar district. It is to the east at a distance of half a mile from Kartarpur railway station. DuringAkbar's reign, prince Salim (Jahangir) granted a freehold lease to the dharamsala in Sammat 1655, measuring 8946 ghumaons, 7 kanals and 15 marlas. This town bdongs to Sodhi Sahib rais of Kartarpur, who is a descendant ofBaba Dhirmall. In Kartarpur the following places are worth visiting: (1) Shishmahal, got constructed by Guru Arjan Dev and beautified by Guru Hargobind. The following articles belonging to the Gurus are kept here: (a) Guru Granth Sahib, which was dictated by Guru Arjan Dev to Bhai Gurdas. See ;3jl:f 'fIl'fua'. (b) Guru Hargobind's sword, which weighs standard six seers. Painda Khan was killed with this sword. (c) a Khanda, khaqa, (a broad double-edged sword) of Guru Har Rai. It has the fiJllowing

inscription on it: ~r ('iT(')q tit 'ffiI'Tft: ~. Bfu ~ tit 9.Et:8. (d) a Gutka, gutka, (a religious hand-book) of Guru Arjan Dev. (e) 'Ffc;ft [selil and topi - a garment and cap of Baba Sri Chand which he gifted to Baba Guruditta. (f) nI~;an - a standard of Guru Hargobind. (g) dastar - a small turban ofBaba Gurditta. (h) 'it=ro1' [sozm] (a quilted cloth used as carpet) by Baba Guruditta. (i) oqhaD di ~al _. a woolen wrap of Baba Guruditta. (j) godri (a patched cloth) of Baba Ii. (2) Mallian We 11 'where Bhai Gurdas used to sit and compose poetry in seclusion. (3) Guru ke Mahal and Tham Sahib. Guru Arjan Dev got constructed an audience hall. In the middle of it was a pillar ofTahli (Indian rose wood). Hence its name Tham Sahib. Now stands here a multistoryed building which is visible from afar. (4) Gangsar Well, which Guru Arjan Dev got constructed in Sammat 1656. (5) Tahli Sahib -a place one and a half miles to the south-west of the town. This place is associated with Guru Har Rai. (6) Tham Sahib. See 3 above. (7) Damdama Sahib - a raised platform where Guru Hargobind would sit. Here he used to hear heroic balliads and inspect military exercises. He aliso rested here after killing Painda Khan. (8) Damdama Sahib 2. Guru Hargobind Sahib rested here several times. (9) Nankiana -- Mataji's residence to the south of the town at a distance of half a mile on one side of the Cli. T. road. People say it is her memorial, but she breathed her last at Kiratpur. No wonder, Sodhis might have brought the ashes from Kiratpur and erected

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a memorial over here. (l0) Ber Sahib- to the south-east ofthe town at a distance of one mile stands a beri, under which Baba Guruditta often rested and once Baba Sri Chand also came to see him. (11) Memorial ofMata Kaulan- It is located in Pacca Bagh near Ramgarhian da Mohalla. (12) Vivah-Asthan - where Guru Tegh Bahadur was married to Mata Gujri. This gurdwara is located in mohalla Rababian. In Sammat 1814 (1756 AD) Ahmed Shah set Kartarpur on fire and thus inflicted heavy loss on this town. (C) congregation, holy assembly. See
~.
~ft:r [kartarpun] in holy assembly.

ct'd'3'w [kartoya] n a rivulet of east Bengal and

Assam which flows by Rangpur. There is a legend that at the time of his marriage with Parvati when Shiv held water of promise in his hand, this rivulet came into being. It is believed that crossing over this rivulet leads to the destruction of righteousness. See

cre:tt [kartri] Skt q;cf actor; doer. 2 nominative

case in grammar. 3 Brahma. 4 ~ female doer. ~ [karad] adj who is a taxpayer or octroi payer. 2 supporter. 3 Skt cp<f mud, filth. 4 P J) done. 5 P J.J( knife, sword. 6 Bhai Santokh Singh has written: "nrj karte satguru ko dai, yiite karad nam vrdtai."-GPS. But this etymology seems without any basis. cratm' [kardah] P OJ) done. Q\reO [kardan] P t,;)J) v do. "gusal kardan bud."-tIl.g kabir. ~ [karadbhet] offering of a sword. See

~.

"kartarpun karta vasE."-bIla ill 5. ~ [kartan] the Creaor did. "agikaru kio kartarI."-bIla ill 5. 2 to the Creator. "jo bhaI).i kartarI."-asa ill 5 ~ [kartari] Guru Nanak Dev's disciple, who is a devotee ofthe Creator. 2 clapping ofhands. "brkhe brhagan ko kartari."-GPS. 'clapping of hands particularly to shoo the birds away.' ~ [kartare] Skt CfiOf the Creator did. "thaq.hr pai kartare."-sor ill 5. ~ [kartal] n castanet. "kar kartal pakhavaj m:nahu."-raill ill 5. 'castanet for the hands and timbrel for the eyes (a kind of drum).' 2 clapping of both the hands. ~ [kartali] See ~ 2. ~ [kartra] adj got done. "kita kartra os da sabhu gara."-var gau 1 ill 4. 'Everything done and got done proved futile.' aafda"ji(')l [kartrkyani] Kartikey's might. "namo karatrkyani srva sitlaya."-c.<;ii 2. 'ctdiO [kartut], ~ [kartutr] n deed. "kartutr pasu ki manas jatI."-sukhill,mi. 2 satirical naming of a misdeed. "cagi kartut kiti he!" -provo

"k "ctQ?jT.
Qdt!lf [kardam]

Skt~ n mud, filth. "kardama

tarat papilakah."-sahas ill 5. 2 sin. 3 a sage, who was born from the shadow of Brahma. His wife was Devhuti, who gave birth to Kapilmuni. See qfl,rn-. 4 P (J) I did. ~ [kardal] crying, shouting, screaming. 2 crushed. 3 Skt ~ house, home. 4 abdomen, womb. 5 See -e<? 4. cretft [kardi] P t.)J) you did. Its root is ~. ~ [kardem] P (-J) we did. "kardem badi khral."-tIl.g ill 1. ~ [karda] See ~. C('d"O [karan] See ~. "kunq.al karan vari, sumatr karan vari, kamal karan vari gatr he kann ki."-GPS. 'with rings in her ears, provider of good sense, bearer of lotus in her hand, with gait like that of an elephant'. 2 sense organs such as eyes, nose, ears etc.

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"karan SIu-Icha carah."-saveye m 2 ke. 'use senses in accordance with their will' i.e. ' ... have control over organs of perception'. 3 See~ II. ad(')a'd(,) [karankaran] See ~ ~r" ad(')Qid [karandhar] See o(ij<!Q'ij. ~ [karanpalah], ~ [karanpalav]
See~.

[karanpur] See ~'ij". "karanpur bar besar kine."-NP ~ [karanphul] n ornament for the ears, which is flower-shaped. ~ [karna] v do, put something into action. 2 citrus plant. 3 citrus flower. "kahIna kahIna phul hEn sugadhI guru karna karna karna."-GPS. 'The saying of an ordinary person is odourless like grass but the action of the Guru is fragrant like a flower of citron.' 4 See 0(ij'(!T and ~. 5 See 0('ij'('iTfu" 0('ij'('iTfu [karnaI], ~ [karnai] Skt ~ n compassion, pity. "chordeyo muhI kE karnai."-krrsan. 2 A LtJ:.t} corw;t. "daph s6 mudi karnai."-NP. "sakh Qhol karnae gaji."-carrtr 97. See E cornet. ad(')'ea [karnatak] See O('d<!'cO(. 2 swindling, cheating. ~ [karna!] a district of Punjab, part of the commissionery ofAmbala. It is said that this was founded by Karan. [karI).alay] Banda Bahadur took over Kamal in 1709 AD. Guru Nanak stayed in this town on his way to Delhi. There is a gurdwara in mohalla Thatheran. 2 a gun, fired with hand without any support. ~ [karanI] in the ear. "kade na karanI dhafIa."-sri a m 5. 2 (they) do. "mane ka bahI karanI vicaru."-japu. 3 have been done. ~ [karni] See ~. "kaha kahau mE apni karni?"-sar m 9. 2 See orfuol. 3 with ears. "karni suniE jasu gopal."-gau thrti m 5.

~Q

[karninama] It is another name for the disputation he ld between Qazi Rukannudin and Guru Nanak. ~H [karnEse] sen karaI).-jEse. like the ear. "kruddhkE juddh karyo karnEse."-caqi 1. 2 with the ear. "'parath jy6 fIske karnEse." -krrsan. ad6'efa [karnadan] See O(ijCefa. 2 See ~. ~ [karpat] Skt <XLr<; n tattered garment, rag; bell. 2 dress, robe. 3 ochre-coloured robe. ~ [karpatabu] See ~. ~ [karpatr] SeeOl~d". ~ [karpaphal has done. 2 (they) do. 3 (let it) flourish. "japI sobha gurmukhI karpapha." -prabha m 4. 0('ij1..(Q [karpar] Skt Ol'l.f'ij" n cup, bowl. 2 skull. ~ [karpalav] Skt O('""~ n finger. ~ Ffll:IT '8h3'~ [karpalav sakha bicarE] -ram beI;ri. 'should regard the world as leaves and branches of the Brahma tree.' ~ [karpallavi] n an alphabet of signs, depicted with fingers. Various types of alphabets of signs have been canceptualised. Composers hay\:: assigned their own signs and have created characters and matras of their own. However a very well known karpallavi is given below:"ahIphaIl kamal cakr takar. taru palhv y::>Van $rfgar. ugH acchar cutkil mat. ram kah~t lachman se bat." Shaping the hand like the hood of a snake brings to the mind the ~ [ura] row; changing it to a lotus depicts the 0(' [kakka] row; moving the finger in a ciircular way depicts the tr [cacca] row; a gesture showing the beating of a gong with a gavel stands for the z [teka] row. Raising the hand like a tree, shows 3" [tatta] row; making a leaf-sign suggests tf [pappa] row; caressing the moustaches suggests lif [yayya] row. Fingers

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772

creH

suggest letters and their snap the vowels. To See srJh'>. explain the word QW [guru], moulding the hands At present there is a big town at this place. into the shape ofa lotus, meansC{[kakka] row According to the preceding census, its of which or [gagga] is the third character. population was 60,000. Located there is a gold Raising the third finger, to depict or, that carries tombed mausoleum of Imam Hussain. Many the fifth vowel, which shows snapping the Muslims consider it their sacred duty to bury index finger five times. The second character their dead at this place and, therefore, bring is d'" [rara]; for it at first touch the moustaches, dead bodies from far-off places. Rich people and it will indicate the or [yayya] row. d'" is the from India as Mirs ofKhairpur also take their second character, so raise the second finger. dead bodies there. 2 a compound where It has the sixth vowel, hence snap the thumb models ofthe martyr's tomb are buried. and the index finger six times. Thus becomes ~ [karbal] See ~. the word qr~. In this may be grasped the ~ [karbur] Skt~d'" n gold. 2jimpson weed, formation of all words and vowels. datura stramonium. 3 water. 4 sin. 5 demon. 0CQtP' [karpa] n a double-edged broad sword, "karbur bInasi."-bhavarsamnt. with a \vooden handle. It is used like a lance. Cl1J [karabh] Skt n young one of a camel. 2 protector of the hand, tongs. 3 glove. 2 young one ofan elephant. "kankarabh bIsal ~ [karpati] Skt Cf){QI8"\ adj who uses his kar."-NP. 'anns as long as the trunk of an hands as a vessel; who discards other vessels elephant's young one.' See ~ 13. except his hands. "man bhaIO karpati rahIO ~ [karbhIkh] son of king Dhritrashtar. nagan phIno ban mahi."-sar a m 5. ~ [karbhi] feminine of~. ~ [karpan] See~. 2 drinking with hand iiRJH [kar;nn] Skt ~ n a long stride, pace, step; or one who drinks with hand. one and a half yard in length; a three cubit ~ [karpal] tax collector. 2 See ~. measure. I prem pIr~m kE ganau ek karT ~ [karpali] See~. karam."-cau m 5.2 Skt mf action. "karam ~ [karpur] Skt elephant, who fills his belly karat hOVE nIhkaram."-sukhmani. with the help ofhis trunk. "karpurgatI bIn akal Scholars have divided actions into three dujo kavan?"-gyan. Some ignorant scribes have categories: written this term as "kapurgatI". "k~bugriv (a) krTymaD, which are underway.2 karpurgatI. "--salah. 2 Skt the tree and the (b) prarbadh, which have brought forth the existing body. fragrant substance made from its sap; camphor. ----=~--='------------"karpur puhap sug~dha."-gatl1a. See Ci11JO. 'In Delhi, Hissar, Ambala etc, the measure ofa karam is 'iil"a"S' [karab] doing. "bahur jagg ko karab 57 inches, and in Simla it is 54 inches. Such variations mItayo."-arhJt. 2 A -:-) n sorrow, grief, exist elsewhere also. woe. 3 distress. 4 anxiety. 2knyman karam is of two types: one performed as a 'iilQ1f'li5T [karbalaJ A ytJ.) a place in Iraq matter of routine like having a bath, doing meditation, (Mesopotamia) situated on the western bank performing prayer etc; while the other is performed on of river Euphrates, where Hm-;ain, son of the some special occasions such as Gurpurabs or prayers, fourth caliph Hazrat Ali, was mercilessly killed charitable deeds and oblations performed on the occasions by the army of Yazid on 10'h October, 680. of death and marriage etc.

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[kdfamkMq] n country of grace; situation or role in which God bestows His mercy and forgiveness. 2 philanthropic role or detached action. "k<:lfam kMq ki bani joru. "-japu. ClOH1JT [kafamca] based on actions. "dhufkafamca." -var maru 2, m 5. ~ [k<:lfamcari] worker, employee, official. ~ [bfamcacl] son ofChandu, who fought against Guru Hargobind and was killed by him in the battle ofHargobindpur. 2 See~. 3 a devotee of Guru Hargobind from Hafizabad who attained ultimate realisation after listening to the meanings of J apu J i from Guru Hargobind, when on his way back from See~. ~ft:fur [kaf<:lm sfgh] son of raja Sahib Singh Kashmir, the Guru stayed at Hafizabad. of Patiala from rani Aas Kaur. He was born ~ [kafamjar], i:'fo6Hf~ [k<:lfamjal] n group on Assu Sudi 5, Sammat 1855 (16 th Oct, of actions. 2 warp of actions. "bIthfyO 1798). He ascended the throne at the age of adnsat jIh kafa:mjar."-akal. 15 on Harh Sudi 2, Sammat 1870 (30 th June, creHH'iIT [kaf<:lmjog] Skt on-f~ilT n practising 1813). He was a perfect Gursikh, brave fighter, altruism, for the purification of mind without man of good deeds, great administrator and expectation of any reward. 2 always very shrewd person. During his reign he got remaining ready to perform actions as part of constructed numerous pacca gurdwaras within one's duty. and beyond the state and grantedjagirs to such CJHO [kafm<:lthL qij'Hlll [kafmathi] Skt 'fiTJfo holy places. adj performer ofactions, doer of good deeds. Maharaja Karam Singh breathed his last "maha kafmathr maha sujajml."-dIlip. on 23 rd December, 1845 at Patiala. ~ [kafmal)a) Skt Cfil+fon third declension: ~ [kdf<:lmhil)] ~ [k<:lf<:lmhin] adj due to action. "nd kam\al)a bacsa."-gujjedev. unfortunate, unlucky. 'due to mind, a<:tion and utterance.' aol-/({ [k<:lfmak] See ~. ~ [kafmal)o] adj .qfi.f"Q who is a doer, ~ [k<:lfdmkaq] Skt Cfi4j",fiIU:S n part of a worker. 2 ~ capable ofperforming action, shastar dealing with kafam (actions). ][t includes capable of doing a deed. 3 n m.fQ action. actions which are pennitted or forbidden. CRJHt!if [kafamdak:;;] ad} adept in performing Apart from this, it also mentions who has to action. perform which actions and at a what time. ~ tIIDf [kafam dhc1fam] adj mundane action and spiritual activity. "kafam dhafam ki saf na "kafamkanq bahu kafahI <:lCaf."-gaum 3. jal)e, sUfatI mukatI kIU paie."-asa m 1. ~ [kaf<:lmkaqi] performer of an action. ~ [kaf<:lmkIrat] actions performed. CiI"a'H7)T [karmana] See ~. "mansa baca "kafdmkuat ki fekh. " -ba van. kafmana mE dekhe doj;:lk ja t."-maru kabir. (c) sacIt, those actions from previous births whose consequences have not yet been experienced. 3 adj~ (one) who performs. "kaul) kafam kaul) nIhkafma?"-majh m 5. 4At one place in Guru Granth Sahib kafam is used in place ofkaf me. See lj1:n:IN. 5 practice. "mansa kan SImratu tujhE... baca karT SImratu tujhE... kafam kan tua dafas pafas. "--saVt:ye m 4 ke. 6 A (f generosity. 7 kindness, benevolence. "nan<:lk fakhIlehu apan kan kafam."-sukhmani. "aval) jal) fakhe karI kafam."-gau m 5. "nanak nam mxll? vaqIai edu upan k<:lf<:lmn<:lhi."-ram am 1. ~ [kafam-fdf<:lY], ~ [k<:l!am-fdfi]

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desh; territory between Vindhyachal and the which has its origin in the Kaimore mountain Himalaya. In Purans, actions performed on of Shahabad district. It traverses a distance this terrain have to be accounted for in other of 146 miles in the districts of Mirzapur and territories. All other territories are the terrain Gazipur before joining Ganga near Chausa. for suffering their consequences. "ketia There is a myth that this river originated from karambhumI mer kete"-japu. 2 according to the saliva ofTrishanku. Others hold that it came Sikhism, human body is both the territory and into being from the urine of Ravan. The t:1e terrain. "karambhumI bijansokhavan."-to<;li orthodox Hindus believe that taking a bath in m5. this rivulet results in the ruin ofvirtue. , "calat ~ [karambhra~t] adjwho has gone astray calat kramnasa salta. taha aI heryo jal caItu." from good action. -GPS. In order to remove this misconception ~ [karam-ma.Qi] gem of virtue. Guru Teg Bahadur took a bath in it. 2 arrogance born of action. ~ [karamnam] name assigned to someone ~ [karamyog] See~. according to his deeds. "karam nam barnat ~ [karamrat] adj who performs good sumatI."-japu. actions; having craving for action. "hau hau karte karamrat. "-ba van. ~ [karampeq] virtue in the form of a tree. ~ [karamrekh], ~ [karamrekha] n ~ [karamphal] outcome of one's action. cremn:T [karambadh] bound by actions. line drawn by destir,y; its writing; destiny itself. "karambadh tum jiu kahIt hJ."-g5<;l kabir. ~ [karamvIpak] n outcome of action. 2 destruction of actions. 2 a book containing the sermon taught by the ~ [karambIdhata] Skt ~ ~ adj sun to its charioteer Arun describing the maker of rules for action; God, the Creator. outcome of actions. "karamvIpak su gr;'}th "sabhna ka data karambIdhata."-asa cMit vIcar't.."-GPS. 111 1. ~ [karamvir] adj a brave, unrelenting man ~ [karambhag] adj righteous actions, of action whom trials and tribulations cannot virtues. "karambhag s;'}tan s;'}gane kast loh force away from his path. 2 n Guru Gobind udharIo."-gau kabir. Singh. ~ [karambhavni] n feeling for actions, crnw [karma] adj who acts; a man of action. desire for doing. 2 destiny determined by 2 fortunate. "kahu nanak kaun uh karma. jakE action. manI vaSIa harInama."-asa m 5. ~ [karambhiru] shirker; dodger due to ~ [karmau] action. 2 effort, performance, fear of interruption and misfortune. achievement. "jIsu guru saca bhetH bhai, pura tIS karmau."-sor a m 5. ~ [karambhumI] n per Hindus Bharat ISee an assertion from Simriti: ~ [karmakari] adj who is a performer ~~~fi1(1'5~'1'iI({ bfgood actions. "SU.QI p;'}qIt karmakari."-sor 1jfilsq;j ~~ IlRfd ~l\1, I I am 1. Touching the waters of Karamnasha, crossing the Kartoya ~ [karmat] See qot}f3" and ~. river. swimming through Gandika. praising one's self. all mrW3" [karmiit] adj the end of an action; its result in the ruin of religions beliefs and noble deeds. completion.

~ [karamnasa] Skt cpp:f~rnT a rivulet

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successively achieved. "kHat rekh kan [karmi'itak] destroyer of destiny i.e. karmIa."-bdsJt d m.5. 2 performer of actions. knowledge. "gIanu bhaIa tah karamallI nas." 3 believer in destiny. -bhEr rdvrdas. ~ [karmIsth] SktCf;f$;o adjready and eager ~ [karmata] adjengaged in action. "purak kGbhak recak karmata."-bavdn. 2 Skt ~ to perform actions. CifOJ-ft [karmi] due to actions. "karmi sahaju TId destiny's vessel. orawflr [karmatI] See CiRJlH3' and ~'. "nanak upjE."-dnJdu. 2 performer of action. 3 believer in destiny. 4 merciful; forgiver ofsins. sa karmatI sahIbu tuthE jo mIlr."-'I1ar asa. "dhIgU SIdhi dhIgu karmatI."-var sor m 3. CRIl.:f [karamu] See Cfd':If. "jIs no karamu kare kartar."-bhEr m 5. 'l\t1[ay God be merciful.' acHTi'i [brman] Skt Cfil=1fm:r adj capable of performing; adept in working. 2 n salary, C(ij}jCl' [karmuk] St:e (~01.:fq. "karmuk5 udh5." wages. 3 action, activity. "nIhphal sabh -eac;ii 2. 'raised bow." karman."-sar m 5. ~~ [karmedny] Skt Cfi.-iff.'S:4 n organs of ~ [karmabai] daughter of Pandit action: hands, feet, mouth, anus and penis. Parshuram, a resident of village Khajal in qmf [karma] wife of Baba Prithi Chand and southern India. She remained engrossed in mother of Meharban. She persuaded her meditating upon Vishnu. She deserted her husband to ask the babysitter, a Brahmin by caste, to mix poison iin the curd to be served husband only because he was not Vishnu's worshipper. Karmabai devoted her whole life to Guru Hargobind. "dhIk dhIk karmo kin to the spread of devotional knowledge. Her kukarmo, hate bal kya kar rna aI?"-GPS. memorial is still there in Vrindaban. Her temple ~ [karyar] This word has been used in is also located near Jagannath. There is a story place of karval; sword. "an paryo karyar in Bhagatmal that Jagannath himself went to nIkare."-carrtr 51. See~. her to taste the dish ofkhIeri she had prepared. Q'6'aT [kar-ra], CRf [kar-ra] adj strong, hard. 2 rude, unaccommodating. "kar-rodharmaraIa." "karmabai kari khichri jIm acvi tum rup murarI."-GPS. -suhi m 5 partal. ~ [karmabahra] adj devoid of good qa'5 [karal], CiRJW [karla] S sound, voice. "kahan kahavan Ihu kiratI karla."-sri m 5. 2 path, action. 2 unfortunate. 3 deprived of the Creator's grace. "nanak karmabahre darI way. "sahIb ka phurmaD hOI uthi karlE qhoa na lahIni." -var asa. pahI."-var sar m 2. 3 Pa entertainment, ~ [karmal] Dg n sun. 2 See ~~W". show. 4 dance. CiffiJ-fTW [karmala] n hand used as a rosary, aal'5'ijC!1 [karlauDa] v levy tax. 2 moan, groan. counting on fingers rather than on rosary. See ~ and gO'C?~fc:r. "mar pai karlaDe." ~ [karmavIs] See ~. "bh;m ragin -asa m 1. banaI mana karmavIs."-cJc;ii 1. ~ [brlap] Skt c~(?Tlf n moaning, groaning; lamentation that pleads for mercy. ~ [karamI] See CifOJ-ft. 2 by the grace of. "jIs no karamI prapat hOVE."-sor 111 5. See ~ [brav] This word has been used to mean CNlf. 3 by virtue of (good) actions. "karamI Dg kadam. i.e. pace" step. "dUI karva kar tIn paVE nisan."-var majh m 1. loa."-BG. 2 E curve. ~ [karmIa] Skt gwaT3' adj some form ~ [karvat], CRJi~ [karvatu] Skt ~ n (in

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~

lying position) act ofturning with the support ofa hand. "karvatu bhala na karvat teri."-asa kdbir. 'It is better to die than to be shunned by you.' 2 Skt w!c market, bazaar. ~ [karvat], ~ [karvatu], ~ [karvatra] Skt~ saw; an implement for sawing wood. "mano rukh kate karvatr;m ke."-knsdn. 2 In ancient times there was a saw in Kashi and Prayag, under which innumerable persons cut themselves to pieces to achieve salvation. "aradh sarir kataiE SIrI kdrvatu dharaI."-sri d m 1. ~ [karval paces, steps. "dUI kdrva kar tfn loa."-BG. 'Vaman covered all the three worlds in two steps.' 2 adj bitter, acrid, astringent. 3 nlota-asmall earthen pot (used for holding water). Skt crofr pitcher. "kaeE karvE rahE nd pani."-suhi kdbir. "karvE hOISU toti rekhE." -BG. 'Whatever is in the Iota, will come out of its spout.' ~ [karval], ~ [karvai] n bitterness, acridity, astringency. 2 act of getting things done by others. ~ [karvar], ~ [karval] Skt CRfal(? n nail, which is hand's son. 2 sword, which is curved like a nail. "karvarubharatvarkaryo."GPS. "kalayudh karvar."-Sdnama. ii[d'3T [kar-ra], aa;ft [kar-ri] adj cruel, unkind. "kar-ra manmukh gavaru."-srdhgosdtr. 2 difficult, arduous. "guru pira ki eakri maM kar-ri sukhsaru."-Sdva m 4. ~ [kara] See cn?T. "sabh taji manE ki kamkara."-asa m 5. "gvaranI eadkara si." -krrSdn. 'Gopi like a phase of the moon.' a'ijT ~ [kara upan] adj over the hand, clear, undoubted, above suspicion. This term is a synonym ofhastamalak vat. "gurmukha kara uparI\ harI eetla, se palnI mokhduaru." -Sdva m 3. 'There is no doubt about the existence of God.'

[karaIh], mrEt [karai] gets done. "jeha karalh teha hau kari vakhlan."-suhi m 4. 2 (You) get it done. 3 (I) get it done. cretfi:r [karasI], ~ [karasi] will get it done. 2 gets it done. Cil'O'tr[karah] See~. "kahyo kI tere udar me guru ker karahu."-GPS. 2 See 0RfTm'iT. 3 n levelling plank that brings earth from the higher to the lower side. 4 A l.ilj field in which sowing has been completed. 5 field ready for sowing. 6 clean water. 7 P ~If edge. 8 limit. ~ [karahl).a] v groan, moan, lament. See P (1/ 2 process oflevelling soil with the help ofa levelling plank. QQTUO [karahat] moans, laments. "karahdt hE gIrl se gaj lage."-c~Qi 1.2 levels the field. 3A ..:;.,flf n aversion, disgust. ~ [karahna] See ~. ~ [karaha] See osrur. "diragh karahe lin." -GPS. Q6Ttft [karahi] See ~. "karahi earhkE line bare pakaI."-cdntr 32. 2 consecrated food offered to Durga and other gods. CiidJlilid [karahiyat] A ~ If causing aversion; state of disgust. ~ [karakus] See gQ(? CII'dTaIi [karagau] will do, will earn. "jIU mIlE pIara apna te bol karagau."-bIla m 5. ~ [karagur] finger of the hand. "gahI tat karagur."-NP. 'holding father's finger.' ~ [karaei badar] in the territory of Bombay, the wharf near Karachi, the main city ofSindh where ships are anchored. It was founded in 1725 AD. ~ [karacur], ~ [karacor], ~ [karacol] P .JJ;lj n sword. "karacor kardhar eamkae." --CPS. "karacol kIrpan ke lijahu nam sudhar." -Sdnama. ~ [karajh] n mourning cry. See ~t vr. "or khapI khapI mue karajha."-jE't m 4.

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~ [karabat] A

afaaaf<J

..::..-;l} n feeling ofbeing near;

state of being a close relative.

~ [karabin] T \;/Jl} long pistol having a

broad muzzle, which can have many bullets in its magazine. 2 See E carbine~ qoT}f [karam] See ORIH. "so pae jISU mastakI karam."-dhcma m 5. A (I.) plural of:efu-r. ml"'l-!O [karamat] A ...:;.."f) n venerability. 2 grace. 3 miracle. ~ 7MTtiI' [karamlak nyay] See 7i:i'P'!il". ~ [karamat], ~ [karamatI] A ..::.-Ll) plural of karamat; miracles; supernatural powers with the help of which impossible things can be turned into possible happenings. Apart from those referred to in Hindu and Sikh scriptures, miracles do find mention in the scriptures of Jews, Christians and Muslims. See Zabbur Chapter 105 and Koran Surat Bakar Ayat 87 and Surat Araf, Ayat 160. ~ [karamati] adj performer of miracles; person having supernatural powers. cre'H [karama] See ORIH. CJQTliIO [karayan] A dl} plural of karina; imprints, signs, facets. CKJIO [karar] n bank, coast, shore. ("saTta ke gIre karara." -rudr. "kararan te baQ-h manahu niradhI kopkE gajyo."-krIscm. 2 Slee ~. 3 crevice, creek, hole. "mano pahar karar me c6c pasar rahe SISU sarak jEse."-c~(~i 1. 4 A .A} stability. 5 courage. "kIchu palqo karar." -nasihat. 6 promise, commitment. 7 satisfaction, contentment. aaraaei'll [kararkadni] n rivulet that erodes its banks.-sanama. ~ [kararanI] rivulet bound by its banks. -sanama. ~ [karara] adj spicy; in which salt, chillies and spices are opulently put. 2 patient. "gavahI vir karare."-japu. 3 satisfying. "bIn gursabad karare."-gau chat m 3. 4 difficult, full of

dangers and obstades. "agE path karara."-sri m 5 pahIre. 5 fast, sharp. "kharag karara." -val' maru m 3. 6 determined, enthusiastic. "sIkkha di seva karara hOIkE kamavda hE." -bhagtav1i. 7 bank of a river, shore. ~ [kC}rari] feminine of karara. See ~. n determination. 2 situation. "tuk dC}m kC}rari jau kC}raU."-tI1ag kabir. 3 adj strong, hard. "VIC haumE bhit karari."--ma1a m 4.4 difficult, full of obstacles. "hukmi b~,de kar kC}rari."-BG. 5 promise, pledge. "'ham s6 Ih bIdhI karE karari."-gurusobha.. ~ [kC}ral] adj horrible, dreadful. 2 n a minister of Ravan. crerw [kC}rala] PiJI n dance. 2 pageant, play. 3 Skt herb having unending roots. 4 goddess Kali. 5 feminine of~. ~ [karaVal).I] for getting done. "han kam karaval).I aIa."-suhi chat m 5. ~ [karavan] v gt:t done. 2 destroy, take away. See fc3 vr. "apI upavan apI sadharna. apI karavan dos na lena."-bI1a m 5. 'to create, sustain, destroy and still remain blameless, detached.' a'a"'3' [karar] See~fT1:r. cmr[kan] in hand, within reach. "ndhI sIdhI nay nIdhI basaJ:u j:rsu sada kan."-phunhe m 5. 2 adv having done. "kan anarath darabu SaChIa."-Var jet. SktCfift'l. elephant; which has got a trunk. "ekallI kar kan hE kari, kari sahas kar nahI."-vrfd. ''An elephant having one trunk is said to be one-armed but one who possesses thousands of arms is not an elephant. ' cmmw [kan~ma] Siele 'a".;JF.fW. aftroT [bnM] utter. "gobfd gobfd kanM." -asa m 5.2 Pkt n waist. "bar kanha ~am~er." -GPS. "kehan so kanM."-cac;lI 1. afaOlafd [kankarC}hI] the Creator has. "sagal bhatI kankaralu upaIo."-bavan. See~.

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efur [brih] A -:) adj condemned; evil. forehead ofan elephant. "keharI jyo karIkGbh 2 ugly. 3 nauseating, disgusting. See~. vrdare."-sdloh. mftur [kariha], ~ [kariha] the will to do. 2 I afflar [brfg] a small plant, also called Kalinga. do. "gu!). kama!). kariha jiU."-gdU m 4. 3 See It grows numerous ears, which emit abundant ~. frangrance from dusk to dawn. During the day ~ [karibr] elephant's trunk. time, the flowers do not emit odour. Cestrum ClJlClaai~ [karikarbahu] adjwho has long arms Nocturnum. like the trunk of an elephant. crfai:Iw [karIjava] Pu n liver. "kaQh karIjava CldlClaidCl [karikaratak] n sword, that destroys apan lala ko dijryE."-CdrItr 2. an elephant's trunk.-sanama. cmrn [karrIjE] (please) do. ~ [brikhan], ClO'lso' [karichan] v pull, ~ [brI!).i] SkI female elephant. attract. 2 shear, tear. ~ [brfd] adjking of elephants, Gajraj. offitw [karija] adj worth doing. [karfda] See wmt!"'. ~ [karit] See fume. qfuo1 [karIni] See otfuit. 2 army of elephants. ~ [karitha] See Cl 1dClJl6 i . -sanama. ~ [katidr] See ~ [karIpatabu] kar-pat-vrcc-abu. holding ~ [karina] A ,:,;.} n rule, method. 2 order. 3 sign. water in the palm; with water in the palm. "karIpatabu gali man lavasr."-gau m 1. ~ [kariphal] caper fruit, fruit of capparis aphylla. "sudha mrstan pan ke badle 'While holding water in the palm, he indulges in idle talk,' i.e. even at dusk while offering kariphal."-BGK. water to the deities and forefathers, his mind ~ [karib] A~} advnear, close by. 2 approxis not at peace. imately. ~ [karIpai] "karI kartE kar!).i karrpar." crdlst [karibi] adj near, close by. 2 n nearness, closeness. See crala". -oJkar. 'Having created living creatures according to their actions, the Creator has done offib.r [karim] A f) adj merciful, benevolent. 2 generous. 3 elderly. His duty,' i.e. has determined their fate. ~ [kari] elephant. See 3. 2 n arm that ~ [karimbaxa$] an army official of holds the hand. "tum rakhahu dharr kari." emperor Shahjahan who was killed by Bhai -guj m 5. 3 short for~. 4 you should do, I Bidhi Chand in the battle ofHargobindpur. should do. "kacan ke kot datu kari." -sri amI. a-aTIfT [brmia] A It) 0 merciful! 0 benevolent! "karima rahima alah tu gani." S did; past tense of karan. "jakau krrpa bri -trlag namdev. prabhr merE."-sor m 5. ~ [briahu] let us do. "harI! sakat seti ~ [karimar] killer ofan elephant, the lion. sagu na kariahu."-var gau 1 m 4. 2Please do. -sanama. efPw [karla] n sailor, boatman. "tuhi daria tuhi ~ 'dUlH [karimul rahim] (japu) merciful and compassionate, generous and benevolent. karia."-gau kabir. 2 adj who does. "karia ~ [karir], ~ [karil] SkI ~ n bamboo's dhruvbudhr." -savEye m 4 ke. new shoot. 2 pitcher. 3 capparis aphylla, which ~ [karia] adj the Creator. "haria karia." bears caper fruit. -japu. 'destroyer and creator.'

Qfari'9 [karIkGbh] n pitcher-like spot on the

crnrer

cmre-.

cmr

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~ [karili] adj pertaining to the wild caper.

2 (female) doer. "karaD karili."-akaJ.

C!9 [karu] See ORr. "ahIkaru kare su ahIkaru

pae."-var maru 2 m 5. 'As you sow, so shall you reap.' 2 Skt ORr. See ORr 3. "gau bI rahmaD kau karu lavahu."-var asa. ~i1;Jl' [karujra] See ~ts'". ~ [bruD] adj full of grief, troubled. 2 merciful. C!9~tfT'l5 [bruDkrIpalu] compassionate to the miserable. "karuDkrIpal gopal dinbadhu."-kan m 5. ~ [karuDa] n compassion, mercy. 2 in poetics one of the nine aesthetic tastes. See
OFf.

the month of Kattak, Hindu women observe fast during daytime,. offer water to the moon through the spout of an earthen vessel and end their fast. Widows do not observe this fast. ~ [karujra] Skt SfiTI.lTCT n hawker; now this term is being used for the vegetable vendor, in particular. ~ [karuth], ~ro1 [karuthi] adj cruel, hardhearted. "mano phag khel'E pIsaca bruthi."

[karuDanIdhan], ~<!Tfofq [karuDanIdhi] treasure house of mercy. 2 mainstay of compassion. ~ [karuDapatI] lord of compassion. 6(2C!i fQ [bruDabudhI] ocean of kindness. ~ [karuDamaI], ~ [karuDamae], ~~ [bruDamay], ~~ [bruDamE] incarnation of kindness; kindest of all. "bhagatvachal karUI:lamayah." -sahas m 5. "taka dukh harIo karunamE."-maI'u m 9. 6(2 C!'G1d() [karuDayatan], 6(S! C!'MGI [karuDalay] abode of kindness, abode of compassion. "bruDalay hE."-japu. crgi')T [bruna] See C!9(!T. qg~ [karunajalis] ocean of kindness, treasure house of mercy. "suno araj das brunajalis."-GV 10. crgorH [karunamE] See~. "nanak kahIt gaI karunamE."-gau m 9. 'Cl{'SJ'W [bruva], ~l?fT [karua] adj bi1ter, acrid. "lagI sagatI karua mitha."-gau m 4. 2 Sktcfc;{ n earthern vessel, pitcher. See ~~"EL 3 Skt morsel, bite. "layak hE tumre mukh ki karua."-kI'rsan. ~ [bruacJth] Skt On the fourth day of
C!9C!,f()Q'()

-GV6. ~ [karup], ~t [karupi] See~. "dUjE bhaI karupi dukh pavahI."-vaQ m 3. ~ [karur] See ~;J, ~ [karura] See ~r. ~ [karurach] Skt6( n one having dreadful eyes; Saturn. 2 .a demon in Ravan's army. 3 a demon who was killed by the goddess. "karurach ghaya."--cJ~li2.4 per Sarvloh, son of Brijnad, the demon. "karurach bhat."
~

-salah. [karehu] do. "kari ehu brehu."-var brha

m3.
'C("ij'cl [karekE] having done. "nadarI brekE

apni."-sri m 1 Jogi Jd<'lr.

n liver. "brak kareje mahi."-sor bhrkhan. 2: This word also stands for mind (heart). ~ [karetu] Skt n aquatic bird which belongs to the family of Sarus crane. ~ [kareda t ] adj who is a doer. "pap bredat sarpar muthe."--maru am 5 Jjuli. 'C("ij''t:!r [breda] adjwho does. 2 while working. iiI"6-a' [brer], ~QT [karera] adj hard, severe. "mana luhar lIye ghan hathan loh karere ko kam savarE."-kI'rsan. 2 See acJ'W. 'C("ij'~ [karerE] does. "dhurI paVItt karerE." -kan m. 'purifies.' ~ [karela] Skt'flR~ n bitter gourd creeper bearing fruit, which looks like a corncob. 2 bitter gourd vegetable. 3 collryium container

~ [kareja] Skt <~~

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shaped like a bitter gourd. ~ [karev] kare-Iv. 2 does. "ape kara!). karev."-sri m 5. ~ [kareva] socially approved widowremarriage. ~ [karera] See edf.ldCi(d'. . . [karaya] adjengaged in, doing. "barjuddh karEya. "-krrscm. ~ [karot] kar-ot. shield to protect the hand. 2 trench. "otan kud karotan phadh."-ramav. 3 Skt skull. rife [karotI] See ~ 3. karot and karotI are both Sanskrit words. rife [karotI ot] n protective head covering made of iron; helmet. "ched karotln otan kotI."-ramav. ~ [karoti] n goddess Kali who holds a skull in her hand. "kamachya karoti."-cac;fi 2. [karocH See ~ and~. 2 according to Guru Pratap Suraj, during his sojourn in Malwa Guru Teg Bahadur reached village Karod after having visited Barhe and Gurne. "cale karoQ grammahf ae."-CPs. 'From Karod, the Guru reached Dhamdhan.' ~ [karotI] does. "jEse pavak kasat bhasma karotI."-sCJhCJS m 5. ri'q [karodh] See ~tr. Qijfq [krodhI] due to anger, angrily. "kam karodhI nagaru bahu bharra."-sohrla. 2 See

-ac

~tiT.

'a"6'q [krodhu] Skt

~tr anger, wrath. "kamu karodhu kapatu blkhIa tajI."-asa m 1. ~ [karop] Skt n wrath. [karor] Sktafc n ten million, one crore.

mr

See~.

cWat [karori] See ~.

~ [karoli] n mischief, taunt. "kare karoli

cW;r [karor] See m.

DItt." -PPP. See~.

cr6:JT [karora] n supervisor. See~. 2 revenue

officer ofa territory submitting one crore coins as land revenue. See ~ 2. creff:r [karorI] ten million i.e., unlimited. "karorI hasat teri tahIl kamavahI."-suhi chat m 5. 'a"6':it [karori], ~ [karoria] adj multimillionaire. 2 Emperor Akbar in 1575-76 divided the whole of his kingdom (except Bengal, Bihar and Gujarat) into 182 territories, each with income ofone crore coins. Officers of these territories were known as amII or karori. During those days a ~ [dam] was equivalent to 1/40 of a rupee. According to this scale one crore dam were equal to rupees 2,50,000. 3 treasurer. 4 Dunichand, a devotee of Guru Nanak Dev who abandoned superstition and false belief and turned benevolent. He is also mentioned as Karori Mal in Janamsakhi. During the inhabitation of Kartlrpur, it was he who spent all the money and got erected a residence for the Guru and a dharamsala for the devotees. See ~ 1. ~ tft ~ [karoria di mIsal] one of the twelve Sikh misls. Its leader was a Jatt Karora Singh Barkiwala. Hence it came to be known as mIsal karoria. Sardar Baghel Singh belonged to this misl. Its capital was Chhalandi on the bank ofJamuna. The dynasty ofGurbax Singh Kalsia state was from this misl. To the same belonged the chiefs ofDhanaur ofKarnal district and jagirdars ofLede iFl Ambala district. ~ [karorimall] See ~ 4. crn- [kaD] pace, step. See ~. "karJ aQhai dharatI mag."-BG. 'Vaman having demanded two and a half steps of land.' ~ [kar5ja] See ~. "badri khadar kar5je jal."-GPS. 2 thorny bitter plant. ~ [karJti] n serrated sword. "karJti katara." -cac;fi 2. See ~. ~ [kar5da] Skt ~ n thorny plant with leaves like those of a lemon tree, the fruit of

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which is used for making pickle. L Carissa carandas. Cf"d'H" [kar;)l], ~ [kaDla] n hunter. "dhar kar bhes kar;)l ko gai tavan ke dham."-carrtr 298. 2 adj horrible, terrible. ~ [karouli] T J,j short, straight sword; long knife. "kaDli kIni kaq.h pahIlu bIdaryo." -saloh. 2 a state of Rajputana, whose noblemen are ofYadu lineage. ~ [karau] do, perform. "bhagatT karau!Iv lae."-vaQ chat m 5. 2 pace, step. ~ [karak], ~ [karag] Skt ~ n skeleton. "karagi laga has."-varsumm 1. 'A Iliving being in the form of a swan, whose busim:ss was to pick up pearls (virtues) has instead fallen a prey to sensuality.' "karag bIkhu muklu laIE." -ramm4, [karajan] ~ [karajno] (they) do, (they) perform. "seva karajan."-BG. 2 doer, performer. "knpa karajno."-BG. 3 (one) who sustains the poor. ~ [karajua], ~ [karajua] Skt Cfl OcCfl{6("l L Caesalpinia Bondaccella. This thorny plant is very bitter. Its effect is hot and dry. It is useful in curing piles, leprosy, abdominal worms and skin diseases. It removes inflammation, purifies blood. It is generally grown as a hedge around the fields. ctiir [karaq.] Skt ~ n large basket; small basket. 2 honeycomb. 3 sword. 4 swan-like bird. ~ [karata] does, performs. "khatkaram karata."-sopurakhu. 2 See a@ oft l'>flfaT. ri'3' ott >wfar [karate ki agI] Skt q~fa;( oblationary fire regarded as most sacred. "gaga ka udak karate ki agI."-bas{jt m 1. ;~ artificial fire produced with a wooden instrument by invoking ~he sun. It is ordained that only such fire be used in oblations. See l?Rf<!t. cret!"3' [~aradar] S adj doer, performer. See

~.

cm:ro

[karam] See c~f. "kahu nanak take purkarama." -sor m 5. "'so prabhu cItI na avai nanak nahi kar~m."-var maru 1 ill 5. 2 See cpl'. ~ [karamkal] chronological account of events. "karamkal yS bhaI."-VN. [karama] See 0Rl'lY". 2 adj lucky. "kahu nanak ham nie karama."-asa m 5. 3 due to actions. "han japif vade karama."-bIla m 4. ~ [karhna] v boil, get heated, be in distress. "karhE na jhurE na manu rovanhara." -asa m 5. [karha] a villag~~ of police station Pahoa, tehsil Kaithal, distri<:t Kamal. To the south east of this village alt a distance of half a mile, is a gurdwara. Guru Nanak Dev visited this place. Guru Hargobind Sahib also stayed here. The Guru cured a blind leper at this place. Guru Teg Bahadur Sahib also lent dignity to this place with his visit. The ninth Guru provided money for the construction of a well and the setting up of a garden. Guru Gobind Singh also came to this village but he did not stay here. Mounted on his horse, he gave a sermon to the congregation and left the village. All these sanctified places are located in the same complex. The ruler of Kaithal, Bhai Dday Singh, got them renovated. The gurdwara is situated sixteen miles to the west of KurukslH:tar railway station. It receives grants of Rs 425, Rs 55 and Rs 15 annually from 1the states of Patiala, Jind and Nabha respectively. Bhai Dday Singh donated three hundred bighas of land to these gurdwaras. ~ [karhE] See ~OT. ali [kal] Skt CfiC1, vr make a sound; count; throw; go; take; be impatient. 2 adj fascinating, pleasing. "kahIQ amnfc kal q.halaQ."-saveye m

~H

craw

aw

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782 2 ke. 'Charming utterance of the Guru is like nectar. ' 3 n melody. 4 semen. 5 supernatural power. "niki kiri mahI kal rakhE."-sukhmani. "jIn kal rakhi meri."-suhi ill 5. 6 part, segment. "kali kal mahI Ik kal rakhi." and "tretE rkkalkinidurr."-ramm3. 7 tomorrow. "caraD na chac;lau sarir kal jai."-gau ravrdas. 8 rest, peace. "man kal nrmakhmatr nahr parE."-GPS. 9 art, education. "jrs bhulae apr trs kal nahi jaDia."-var gau 2 m 5. "tu beatu sarab kal pura."-bEra m 4. 10 ignorance which shackles human beings. "gur kE baDr bajar kal chedi."-gau kabir. 11 device, machine. "badhan katE so prabhu jakE kal hathr."-brla ill 5. 12 goddess Kali, Yogini. "kal sanmukh avat bhai jahr bekh brkral."-NP 13 short for fW(? "jo kal ko rk bar dhIEhE."-c.Jpai. 14 one line of a poetic metre. 15 See cffi? ~ [blaul pen. "kalau masajni kra sadaiE?" -var sri ill 3. 'Where is the need to ask for a pen and ink pot?' a1'51i [kalasl Skt qmr n crest dome on the top of a temple, which is gold-plated. "tE jan kau kalas dipaIau."-savEye m 5 ke. 'You have made your servant sh'ine like a dome.' 2 pitcher. "kanak kalas bhar anE."-salah. 3 a measure, which at present is equivalent to eight seers. 4 a metre, also known as hu11as, I which is a combination of two metres. The last line ofthe preceding stanza should initiate the first line of the following stanza as a requirement of sfghavalokan (back reference). In Dasam Granth, this metre has been created by combining c;Jpai and trrbhagi, as: adr abhE angadh sarup<3, rag r<3g jIh rekh na rup<3, rak bhayo ravat kahO bhupa, kahD samudra sarrta kahD kupa, 'Poet Sainapati in his Gursobha Granth mentions it as lotan chad,

aMH<J'd

sarrta kahD kupa, samudsarupa, alakhbrbhuta amI tgata, advE abrnasi param prakasi, tej surasi, akrrtkrrta, jrh rup na rekha, alakh abhekha amrt advEkha, sarabmar, sab krlvrkh harDa patIt udharDa, asaraD sarDa ek dar."-gyan. (b) In Guru Granth Sahib bIas metres have been created by combining numerous metres. A few of those are given below. kalas from the combination of c;Jpai and savEye. satrguru sevr parampadu payau, abrnasi abrgatu dhrayau, trs bhete darrdra na capE, kalyas-haru tasu gUD japE.japau gUD brmal sujan jan kere, amranamu jakau phurra, rnr satrgur sevr sabad rasu paya, namu nrrajan urr dharra, harrnam rasrk gobfd gungahaku cahaku tatt samattsare, kavr kaly thakur harrdastane, gur ramdas sar abhar bhare. -savEye ill 4 ke. (c) kalas from the combinaton of nrta and sar: Characteristics ofnrta are four lines, each having twelve matras, the last two being guru. Example: ham ghar sajan ae, saCE melr mIlae, .. sahrj mIlae harr man bhae, pac mrle sukh para. sai vasatu parapat hoi, jrs seti manu lara. 2 -suhi chat ill 1. ~ [kalas-harl a Bhat eulogizer ofthe Guru. "kahu kiratr kalas-har. "-savEye ill 2 ke. 2 Skt water pitcher carrier, water man.
2for the purpose of matras rhyme is paya and laya,

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--------------'
RAJA RAVISHWAR SINGH, RULER OF KALSIA

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[kalhari], cmfucft I[kallunil adj quarrelsome, termagant, troubles()m(~. 2 heroine who repents after insulting her husband. ~ [kalhas] Skt n swan. 2 supreme god, the Creator. 3 kad~ib tree, Nauclea Cadamba. 'O(1fO(' [kalak] Skt efl~o(" n powder. 2 crushed cannabis. 3 excreta. 4 sin. 5 wax of the ear. 6 hyprocrisy. 7 A ~~ uneasiness, restlessless. 8 grief. CiI'l"Sii3r [kalkatta] Set up at Kalighat on the bank of river Ganga, 86 miles away from the sea, a major ciity of Bengal, and population wise, the largest in India, I it has been the of India ~or a long time. In Sammat capital Sardar Gurbakhsh Singh 1968 (1911 AD) Emperor George V, made I Delhi the capital ofIndia. Sardar Jodh Singh d. 1817 AD In Calcutta there are numerous gurdwaras I as Vadi Sangat, where recitation of the Sardar Sobha Singh d.1858AD Gurbani goes on to the accompaniment of I kirtan. Sardar Lahina Singh d.1869AD Calcutta is 1176 miles away from Lahore. Sardar Bishan Singh d. 1883 AD ~ [kalbl], 'O('l'!i'OrMT [kalkalal n sound of water flowing from a spring etc. 2 noise, -1 clamour. Sardar Jagjit Singh Sardar Ranjit Singh ~ [kalkal] See C!fw~. "khu1?i bhayo kalkal d.l886AD d.1908AD SrI mukh y5 kahE."-GV 10. 2 destroyer of Time, Mahakal (the supreme destoyer, God). Raja Ravishvar Singh b. 1902 AD [kalakI], ern-cit [kalki] Sktcmfcr n Kalki's ~ [kalasul See ~. incarnation. "caubIsv<5 kalki avtara."-kalki. mro [kalah] n clash, quarrel. 2 war, battle. There is a referencle in Vishnupuran that in the horrible age of vice [ghar kaIIyug], Kalki 3 sheath of a sword. ~ [kalahni] termagant, quarrelsome Avtar will appear Jin the house of a Brahman named Vishnuyash at Sambhal, a town in woman. QHijT [kalha] See CifffiJ. 2 female asce:tic. "kalha Muradabad district. Mounted on a white horse, nam syam tan dhara."-GPS. 3 goddess of he will conquer the land around and destroy the evil doers. See 1m. war. 1 i al"SijiaFaa' [kalhatrIkal, al"S<J 3Fa3 [kalhatrIta] O("HCfo [kalkath] n peacock and the Indian in poetics, the heroine who repents after cuckoo, which have melodious voice. 2 adjone IAccording to 1921 census, the population of Calcutta is insulting her husband. 1 13,27,547. ~ [bIhar], al"S<J'd' [blhara], al"S<J d9 [kalsa] See crnFr 2. "phIslE pag kalsa gIrE."-GPS. 2 a village in Bangar where the tenth Guru stayed for a night. "utre kalse gram sujae."-GPs. cnmt [kalsi] small pitcher. ~ [kalsia] Sardar Gurbakhsh Singh Sandhu, landlord ofvillage Kalsia, tehsil Kasur, district Lahore, was baptised as a Sikh in Sammat 1782. Thereafter he joined Karorian di misl and rendered great service to the community. His descendants live in Chhachhrauli, capital ofthe state in Ambala district, but thestatl~ is known as Kalsia. Their genealogy is as below:
CffiW

,_1__-

cmm

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with a sweet voice; melodious. [kClIClkh], ~,. [blkha] See cmcr. Skt afJf3". ~c adj drawn. "SIr UpClrI khClrClg kCllkha." -var maru 1 ill 3. CiI"l'?OJT [kClIga] a flowering plant, which has a red-coloured, crest-shaped flower at its top; coxcomb. 2 xa bald man. CiI"l'?OJT fi:Tur [kalga sIgh] xa bald man. cm:aft [kCllci] T n gem-studded feathered ornament worn on their heads by kings and maharajas of India. 2 comb on the head of a bird. ClMa"Qij [kalgidhClr] Guru Gobind Singh, who used to wear a marvellous crest on his head. "Clb anki as nIras bhCli kalgidhar vas kIya man mahi."-GPS. Lady Login writes that when the English conquered Lahore, her husband Dr Login took charge of the storeroom where precious articles were kept after preparing their list. In those articles was the Kalghi of the tenth Guru. None knows how Maharaja Ranjit Singh had acquired it and where it is at'the moment. I orior [blagg] adv on one side, at one end. qMU/T [kCllgha] adjTime, the killer. "pakarI khare sabh kalgha."-suhi ill 4. ~ [bljug] See ~ and l.!fOT. 0{lG [blat], ~ [kalatu], ~ [kalatr] Skt Cflct?f n wife. "tanu dhanu kalCltu SClbhu dekhu ClbhImana."-bIla a ill 1. "putr kalatr maha bIkhIa mahI gurIsacE laI taraI."-raill a ill 5. 2 buttocks. 3 vagina. 4 See ~. "SaPE hetu kClICltu dhan terE." --bhn kabir. 'accumulated wealth.' ~ '[tfliIT [kaldar rupya] See ~ F.P<:ft. ClMQ~d [kaldhaut] See ~. ~ [kaldhari] See ~. 'ClMita' [kaldh:Jt] Skt n gold. "kaldh:Jt ke bhukhan ag sClje jIh ki ChClbI 56 savIta dab-hi."-krIsan.
~

JY

2 silver. 3 adj whose dirt has been washed away; spotless. cmo [kalan] Skt n counting. 2 making, creating. 3 morsel. 4 adorning, embellishing. a1?O'W [kalnama] a chapter in Sausakhi and Gurpratap Suray, wherein is a description of actions marking the age of vice. "kalnama gurbakhas sIgh taka dina eh."-GPS. rutt 5,

ch 24.
[kalap] Skt ~ n process, method; action worth performing. 2 part of a Ved, in which are described the actions to be performed during oblations as also the recitation ofVedmantars on different occasions and advantages to be gained therefrom. 3 According to Purans Brahma's day is equivalent to 4,320,000,000 years. In the disputation at Mecca there is a strange assumption about kalap i.e when a leaf of the Kalap tree falls a blap has elapsed and when all the leaves fall, holocaust takes place. 4 Kalap tree. 5 short for 'Clmfi'iT. "atarI blap bhClvaiE joni."-prabha a ill 5. "rove put na kCllpE mai."-asa ill 1. 6 S doubt, suspicion. ~~ [blapsutr] scriptures composed by saints like Ashvlayan and Apstamb detailing methods for performing oblation etc. 2 a book written by Jain Saint Bhadarvahu. ~ [kalpaI).a] See 'Clmfi'iT. "manu drIru bn aSaI).I bESU jagi, ta teri kalpaI).a jai."-raill a ill 3. ~ [kCllaptClru] ~Jf [kClIClpdrum] Kalap tree See~. ~ l)fQilT [kalClpdrum anuja] Lakshmi, the youngest sister of Kalap tree. According to Purans, both of them emerged from the churning of the ocean. "blapdrum ki anuja kamni bIn."-CarItr 109. 'Lakshmi lost her grace. ' ~ [kaIClpdhenu] Kamdhenu, which fulfils the wish that comes to mind. ~ [kalpClna] Skt ~ n creation. 2 remedy,
~

ISee Lady Login's recollections, page 80.

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effort. 3 scheme, plan. 4 pretext, logic. S feeling. ~ [kalapbIrach] ~ [kalapvrrk~]

See~.

[kalpa] bedding sheet. See ~. "ta par blpa ruCIr bIchava."-NP An ignorant scribe has written blpa in place of talpa. ~(!T [kalpaul).a] v cause worry, upset, render fanciful. ~ [kalpE] See qm 5. ~ [kalaph] A ...;.( 11 lunar spot that looks black. 2 scar on the face. 3 dye that is used to colour grey hair; hairdye. See CX'f'ffiF. ~ [blab] A ~ 11 heart. ClMawe [kalbalat] 11 furore, hue and cry, din in which nothing is audible. "blbalat ham ne sunpava."-GPs. 2 cry in distress. ~ [kalbfk] See ~. ~ [blbut] See ~. ~ [kalabh] Skt 11 young one of an elephant. 2 young one of a camel. 3 thorn-apple. ~ [kalbhi] feminine ofkalabh. ~'IDf [kalam] A (pen. "kalam jalau sal).u maSVal).iE."-var srI m 3. 2 branch of a tree, cut for grafting. 3 anything looking like a pen. 4 short for C:l"MW. "kalam khudai paku khara." -maru solhe m 5. 'To remain absolutely pious is a divine order.' S Skt a variety of rice. Cl'IDf1f [kalmakh] Skt ~ 11 spot, blemish. 2 sin, defect. ~ [blamzan] P cJ;)1 11 writer. 2 painter, artist. 3 adj struck off what was already written; material stricken off. ~ [kalamdan] P cJ1.J'- penstand, a small box for keeping pen, inkpot and other writing material. am-rfuy [kalamrrpu] 11 penknife.-scmama. crnHM' [blmal] See ~. ~ [kalmalana] v writhe. 2 fidget and make noise. "kalmalat Ikathi bhat bhir."-GPS.
cmtfT

"kai hajar subhat kaImall2."-GPs. [kalmCllI] rendered impious in the era of vice. "kalmah hoi medni."-var mCJla m 3. cmw [kalma] A j ' 11 Muslim confession of faith. ~~~:M1r;;lIl~ "la Ilah Ill-Iahu muMmadurrasulCJllah." i.e. None but Allah is worthy of worship and Mohammad is His prophet. "tClV turOlk janam kalma ucar."-GPs. 2 meaningful sentence. 3 talk, matter, discourse. ~ [kalmas] Skt 9'i(~ adj black. 2 dappled. 3 name of a country.. See Ci(ffi-fTC3f. ~ [kalmaspadl] Skt 'ti<,lillSlqIC; adj (one) having black feet. 2 11 a Surajvanshi king named Saudas who ruled over Ayodhya. Once his cook (who was a demon in disguse) cooked human flesh and served it to Vashisht. Getting enraged, the sage cursed the king to turn into a demon. The king also took palmful of water to curse the sage in return because he thought himself to be innocent. His queen, Madyanti, forbade him from doing so. The king spilt the water on his feet that he had taken in his hand. As a result, his own feet turned black. cmHTCl' [kalmak] CiR'j}f'1:f [kalmakh] T JL$ 11 Tartar country. 2 ad} Tartar. "mmi jagi IrmClni hab:;>i te kalmak." -mago. C{M}jt [kCllmi] adj wriitten with a pen. 2 grafting of a branch. ~ [kalmurClG] P [,;./;6 ghoga[. In Punjabi, this bird is also known as baggi-Ill i.e. a white kite. The female is black in colour. It lays eggs in nests made upon trees during the summer months. This bird lives on the rural filth. Only when it is in heat, does it cry, otherwise it always keeps mum. "maryo kalmurg kalol jIY me bhae."-52 poets. cmHG [blmot] also known as Khera-Kalmot. This village is situated in police station Nurpur, tehsil Una, district Hoshiarpur. Its residents had
~

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looted a Sikh congregation that was on its way to Anandpur. The tenth Guru raided the village and punished the offenders. Now a gurdwara stands at this place. The peepal tree under which the Guru sat is still in existence. Gurpalah is three or four miles to the north ofthis place. Khera Kalmot is 13 miles to the east of Garh Shankar railway station. ~ [kalar] n alkaline soil. Skt~. 2 hard and dry land that cannot be cultivated. 3 alkaline. "kalar keri kadh JIU ahImsI kIn qhahI paI."-sri m 1. 4 nitre, saltpetre. "kalar SUI, kIukan bhavjalu laghasI?"-maru solhe m 1. 'Nitre dissolves in water.' Here it stands for hyprocritical actions. aMaa'i!M [kala?kaval] See C<MdCXM. QlIi5'dT [kalra] See ~. "kahe kalra sfcahu?" -basatm 1. ~ [kalan] in the barren land. "kalan kheti bijiE kIU laha pavE?"-asa am 1. QM'i!'3' [kalvatl, ~ [kalvatI], ~ [kalvatu], ~ [kalvatr] Skt saw. See~. 2 with a saw. "kacan VanE pase kalvatI cirIa." -asa farid. CflI5"'i!Td' [kalvar], aM.~!'rd [kalvan], aM'i!ilfl [kalvari], 0ffi'i!Tffi [kalvali] Skt ~ n distiller ofliquor. "rikalvan gavan muqhrnatI."-keda kabir. "kalI kalvali kam mad."-var bIha s mardana. "kalI kalvali maIa mad mitha."-asa m 1. 2 adj noisy. "kalI kalvalI sara nIberi." -ram am 1. 'In the era of vice [kalyug], cases are decided through noisy religious quarrels.' ~ [kalvfk] Skt n male sparrow. "kir kalvfk kak."-NP. 2 water-melon. 'aW [kala] n strife; goddess of war. "tabE kala guru ke nIktai."-GV 6. 2 quarrel, riot. 3 Skt part, portion. 4 sixteenth part. 5 60 th part ofthe 30th portion [as] ofa sign ofthe Zodiac. 6 power, authority. "dhara!).I akasu jaki kala mahI." -b;Jsat m 5. 7 feat, game. "Esi kala na kheqiE

jItu dargahI gaIa hariE."-var asa. 8 basis, support. "bajhu kala dhar gagan dharia."-b;Jsat a m 1. 9 contraption, machine. 10 learning. 11 skill. "sarab kala samrath."-bav;Jn. Ancient poets have divided learning and skills into 64 categories, but a difference of opinion exists. Sixteen are mentioned in Brahamvaivarat. Poet Ban mentions 48; Kalavilash and Mahabharat talk of 64; and 84 are mentioned in Lalit Vistar. Ifwe enumerate them, then they may perhaps go to several hundred. kala should mean learning and skill. See lrnu'C':i{W, irno'C':i{W and fueJrr. qW [kala] P u[( adj large, big. 2 some ignorant people write kala as plural of kala. ~ [kalai] Skt CffiTffi n joint of the hand and the arm; wrist. a"M'cit!' [kalakad] n a sweet made of sugar candy; a special sweetmeat in which sugar is added to condensed milk by heating. ~ [kala!).], ~ [kala!).I] Skt ~ n happiness, well being. 2 benediction, blessing. 3 glory; praise sung in the morning by Bhats etc. "tudhu sace sub-han sada kala!).Ia."-var majh m 1. "bagaburgu sf,Bia nale mIli kalaI).." -var suhi m 1. See '"d'W. 2 adv through praise, by eulogising . "saca khasamu kalaI).I kamalu vIgsIa."-var majh m 1. WtI'd' [kaladhar] Skt n the moon, which has sixteen phases. 2 the Creator, the Omnipotent. "akal kaladhar soi." -sIdhgosatI. 'He is immortal and omnipotent.' 3 See tjQ'F<>fQ (b). ~ [kaladhari] adj powerful. 2 See ~. cm"O [kalan] See ~. 2 See CX"1. 3 P u[( n crown. "kam ke kalan bIdhI kine hE bIcarke."-aj. awfC'lfQ [kalamdhI] Skt n moon. 2 adj adept in learning and in craft. ~ [kalanaJr] main town ofa tehsil in district Gurdaspur. Akbar was enthroned here and this

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am

town was very dear to him. In Sammat 1772, Banda Bahadur, with help from Khalsa Dal, conquered Kalanaur and Singhs were appointed faujdars in place ofSuhrab Khan. QWtr [kalap] Skt n sect, community. "pap kalap ap chapjEhE."-GPS. 2 tail of a peacock. "pakh dharyo bhagvan kalapi."-knsan. 3 quiver. 4 belt, girdle. S trade, commerce. awtft [kalapi] Skt ~n peacock. See QWtr. 2 adj wearer of a quiver belt. ~ [kalabattu] P (j?!J{ interwined wire of gold and silver. awstf! [kalabaji] (the art of) acrobatic feat. 2 a jump in which the body spins with head down and feet above. ~ [blam], aH'li [kalamu] A (Jt n dialogue comprising many utterances; convl;:rsation, talk. 2 utterance, maxim. 3 See 01?1f. "sabhna IIkhIa vuri kalam."-japu. "karmi vahE kalam."-var sar ill 1. cmrHffiJ [blamullah], ~ [kalamulla] A iJ1(Jt per Muslim faith, the utterance of God, Koran. "kalamullah ki an tIhare.,,_carrtr 38. ~ [kalar], ~ [blari], ~ [kalal], Cffi'l'm) [kalalan], ~ [kalalanI], ac?r'ffift [kalalni], ~ [kalali] Skt liquor distiller. "ek bud bhar tanu manu devau jo madu deI kalali re."-ram kabir. 'kalali' means the disposition to be selfsufficient. 2 earthen vessel in which liquordistiller carries out fermentation. "kaIa kalalanI lahanI melau." -ram kabir. ~ [kalavat] artist, singer, musician. 2 scholar. 3 moon. 4 powerful, mighty. a1?~ [kalavatni] female musician. 2 prostitute. 3 female scholar. ~ [kalava] P HiD' n embrace, hug. 2 skein, a ball of thread. ~ [kalavan], ~ [kalavat] See ~. [bII] Skt n sin. 2 strife, dispute. "he kalImul krodha."-sahas m 5.3 the fourth era.

"hOVE parvaI,la karallI dhIBaI,la kalI lakhaI,l vicarI .... je ko satu kare so chijE tap ghdrI tapu nd hoi. je ko nau lae badnavi kalI ke lakhaI,l ei."-ram amI. See ~raT. 4 warrior, hero. S This word has also been used for the people of kalIyug, the era of evil. "blI hoi kutemuhi."-var sar mI. 6 This word has also been used for Kalki Avtar. "p:m saman bahE kalI ban."-kdlki. 7 Skt Cf~ part in the day to dawn, tomorrow. "kheIClI,lu aju kI kalI."-sri a mI. ~ [kaIIura] See ac~. ~ [kalI-avtar] Kalki Avtar, who will end the era of vice [kallCyug]. See ~ 2. ~ [kalIaI,l] See qR;)})f'() 2. 2 See ~. ~ [bIIaJ)may], ~ [kalIaI,lmE] blissful, beneficial. "kalIaI,lmE pargat bhae." -brha cMt m 5. ~ [bIIan] See oRilJl1re. kalyan that (scale) has five notes. It has many variants; its pure form is give here. In arohi maddham (4 th note) and nI~ad (7th note) are forbidden. gadhar (3 rd note) is primary and dhEvat (6 th note) is secondary. maddhdm (4 th note) is sharp and the rest are all pure notes. Its time of singing is the first quarter of night. arohi- ~a, ra, ga, pa, dha, ~a. avrohi 1;)a, na, dha, pd, mi, ga, ra, ~a. In Guru Granth Sahib, Kalian is at the twenty-ninth place . 2 a town in Bombay presidency: which was once the capital of Chalukya Rajputs. ~ [kaII~t] Sktf~E(,:" adj grieved, distressed. 2 difficult, hard, tough. aFMCJ'd'J [bIIhari] adj termagant, quarrelsome (woman). 2 SkI' n a herb also known as blIkari. Aconitum Napellum. Its effect is hot and dry. H cures diseases of blood, piles, phlegm, cough alld oolic pain. It heals wounds, aborts pregnancy and kills fleas.

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afMaMR [kaIIbles] strifes of the era of evil.

"mItane sabhI kaIIkales."-ram ill 5.

afisar [kaIIka] Skt n sixteenth phase of the

moon. 2 pod; flower bud, lily. "dutI kaIIka radanmanfdu."-GPs. 'Like White lily is the glamour of teeth. ' ~ [kaIIkal] era of vice [kaIIyug]. (a)surtai adhre me drIrhtai pahan me nasIka canan madhy n:m rahi hat me, dharm rahyo pothIn vagai rahi vrIk;;an me badh prapa piitan me pani rahyo ghat me, yahI kalIkal ne bIhal kio sab jag, "nayak" sukavI ktsi bani hE kuthat me, raj rahi pathan rajai rahi ~itkal raja bhayo nai aru rai rahi bhat me. (b)mirzade pirzade asal amirzade sahIb fakirzade go~e tan go rahe, rayzade rauzade ~ahzade sahuzade kul ke aSIlzade tajpan kho rahe, "thakur" kahIt kaIIkal ke kahIr bic pahIr pahIr piche bhare bhram bho rahe, dan kIrpan samE syan gurugyan samE sabh zade mItkt haramzade ho rahe. (c) kur bhaye kiJvar majur bhaye maldar sur bhaye gupat a~ur bhaye jabre, data bhaye krIpan adata kahE data ham dhani bhaye nIdhan nIdhan bhaye gabre .saCIn ki batan patyat kou jag majh raj darbaran bulEye10g labre, bhanat "prabin" ab chin bhai hfmat, so blIyug adal badal gare sagre. 2 evil time; painful period. See 3. 1 l afMa M1 [kaIIkali] See ~. [kalfg] Skt ~ n a dust-coloured bird, whose neck is long and head is red. "bolat bpot bhrfg khajan kalfg kal."-NP. 2 water melon. 3 the territory which lies between the western Ghats and Godavari. To its north is

am-

a-mar

lIn Mahabharat, Bhisham has accused the king of being

the cause of yug s as: "raja kalasy karrya."

Orissa. 4 fdr jS (Holarrhena antidy- senterica). 5 sarih tree (alhizziallebbek). afi;farr [kalfga] See cxf<far. afi;fmr [blfjar] a town in Bundelkhand. It is known for the ancient fort built by Chandel king Kiratbrahm, and Nilkanth temple known as Kottirath. "des kalfjar ke nIkat SEn bICacchan rai."-carItr 240. "bge si kalfjar, sabhan mukh radan si, nanak ki kiratI satokh sigh ganIye."-NP. See ~;:Rf. crfi;mar [kaIIjug] See ~ and gar. "kaIIjug udharIa gurudev."-asa ill 5.2 See ~ 2. ami [kalIJ).a] blissful."dharam phoktaI).o sabhE IkkevlakalII).a bIna."-kalki. afHo [kaIIt] Skt adj accumulated, gathered. 2 afflic1l~d with. "kaIIt krodh."-pards. 3 decorated, embellished. "astaran bar mndul kaiit kar."-GPS. 4 wellknown. 5 fascinating, captivating. 6 See ~. ~ [biittar], ~ [kalItr] See ~. afifu' [kalfd], ~ ~ [blfdkanya], ~tft [blfdi], ~ [kalfdra], ~ [kalfdri] Skt ~ n bahera tree (beleric myrobalan). 2 sun. 3 a mountain that is the source ofriver Yamuna (Jamna). That is why Yamuna is also known as Kalindi and Kalind Kanya. "blIdra ke srighG te nIksyo ahI ko phan kop bharyo hE." -krIsan. ~ [kaIIpatar], ~ [kalIpataru] See "IJd"3'g and ~. "ek nam kaIIpatar tare." -gdU k;:Jbir. "k;:l1Ipataru rogbIdar sasartap nIvar." -s;:Jveye ill 2 ke. afM!!ldl'i!d [bIIbhagvat] Skt afM!!l'dl'i!d a heretic of the era of vice [kaIIyug]; hyprocritical worshipper. "kalIbhagvat bad cHama." -prabha beni. 'pretends to worship for a long time.' ~ [blImal] Skt n sin, fault. "kaIImal garan manahI sadharan."-dev ill 5. ~ [kalImul] basis of the era of evil

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[kaIIyug]. 2 root of strife. "he kalImul krodha!"-sahas m 5. ~ [bIIyug] the fourth era/aeon. See aft? 3 and~. 2 a priest of Jaganl1ath, who was a great hyprocrite and evil doer. Under the influence of Guru Nanak Dev, he turned into a noble and philanthropic person. afM'daft [kaIIyugi] adj pertaining to the era of evil. 2 riotous. Qlift [kali] kalIyug - the era of vices. See aft? "nahI dokh bIapahI kalI."-keda m 5. 2 quicklime. 3 earthen top of a hubblebubble. 4 gusset of a shirt. 5 verse, line. "bli madh car jagan banaI."-rupdip. 6 bud. "ali kali hi 56 bIdhyo. "-brhari. 7 artistic, mighty. "kI sarbablihE. "-japu. 8A ~ metal extracted from a mine named kala; bangle; stannum. ~ [kalikal] era of vice [kaIIyug]. "kalikal ke mIte kalesa."-suhi m 5. See aft?' 3 and
~.

Skt ~ n dirt, filth. 2 soot. 3 stigma, blot. 4 sin. 5 anger. ~ [kalucarE] sayeth poet Kalh. "kalucarE jasu japau lahDe rasan."-saVEye m 2 ke. ~ [blu] See aft? "ab kalu aIO re! Iku namu bovahu."-basJt m 5. ql:f [kalukh] See cilC21f. "khot blukhan dindayal."-NP ~ [kalukhat] Skt~:r adj sinning, guilty. 2 stigmatised. 3 n sin, fault, filth. "sadhkE sagI kalukhat harE."-s ukhmani. at}(')iHfo [blunasam] Ganga, which, according to the Hindu faith, is believed to be the destroyer of sins.-sanama. ~ [blub] A ",:",:l11 plural ofkalab (heart) ~ [kalur] See a;~;r. "kasatvar kullu kalur."

em [kale] advwhich subsumes the underworld;

underneath. "pfdhi ubh kale sasara."-dhana namdev. The world is llike a Persian wheel whose earthen vessells go into water, then come out and thus this process continues. ~ [kales] Skt ~H n grief. 2 dispute. 3 anxiety, worry. 4 anger; 5 In Sanskrit texts, scholars have mentioned five types of kale:;;. (a) ignorance, lack of understanding, misunderstanding. (b) pride and arrogance of material wealth. (c) love and fondness for material things. (d) animosity, enmity. (e) insistence ~n performing undesirable deeds and fearing the consequence of death [kalesar], m~~f [ble:;;var] a mountain in Bibhaur, district Hoshiatpur. " nam kalesar brahme dharyo."-GPS and GV 10. [kaleja] See ~t1I". "karak kaleje mahI." -var mala m 1. Dg :D(~. ~ Jbled] Skt Ofc~ See c:rfue' vr n dampness. 2 sweat, perspiraltiol1" 3 distress, pain. 4 puke, vomit.

-c~rrtr

217.

affitJr [kalica] See ~. aHlt!' [kalid] P J/ n key. al'fu:!r [kalida] n water-melon. "kharbuja J kalida
sajal bIkariE."-BGK.

cnfu.r [blim] {conversationalist, speaker,

orator. "kI sarba kalipE."-japu. 'He speaks on everything.' 2 A (-it country, a region of the earth. See E clime. "jahar kalim haftaz." -ramav. 'evident from the seven foreign lands.' See ~ fuoR;fu.f. ~ [bliyah] A --:! n meat cooked on a round thick iron plate. 2 meat roasted after mmcmg. ~ [blil] A meagre, inadequate, insufficient. ~ [bliv] Skt Cfi:,cflq n impotent person, eunuch. "talan pur kaliv su nacah:r."-NP. 2 cowardly, timid. ~ [blu] See aft? and~. ~ [kalukh], ~ [kalukha], ~ [blukhai]

J!

cmmr

cmw

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792

at:1'd ' fe

a-z;f~ [kalJdar], a-z;f-eg [kaIJdaru] P .1ft or 2 sweat. .lfi adj indifferent, carefree. 2 a particular ~ [kalevar[ SkI n body, physique. 2 frame. class of mendicants. See ~. "au kalJdar ~ [kaleva] breakfast, light meal. kesva."-bhErnamdev. "manu mandaru tanuves d [kalE] See 0fffiT. 2 SkI destroyer. 3 epoch, kalJdaru."-brla m 1. 'For me mind is the time. "nep na avai jamkJkar jamkalE."-var temple, and body a carefree attire.' 3 These maru 1 m 3. 'Messenger of the god of death days a person who makes monkeys dance is and the time of dying will not get close. ' also known as a kalJdar. [kalEr] n peacock's tail, tuft of feathers. "jog to janlio tum udhav, ~ [kalEri] adj plumed. 2 n peacock. asan sadh samadhI lagane, [kaloh] a village in tehsil Hamirpur, district purak recak kGbhak ki gatI, Kangra, where the tenth Guru stayed. En lagavat thik thIkane, ~ [kalota] See ~. pE jasudhasut ke jou btak, ~ [kalol] SkI ~. n wave, ripple. "maha ky5kar tu rId atar ane. kalol bujhahI man ke."-dhana m 5. 2 state mani munfdar su jane kaha kachu ofbliss, mind's longing. bJd;;r bhed kalJdar jane-das. ~ [kal5ji] n black cumin; nigella indica. Its a-z;flrcr [kal5bak] SkI n a type of green leafy vegetable that grows upon the surface of water effect is hot and dry. It is used as condiment in the preparation of mango pickle and several like a creeper. 2 lotus. "cJdan dhup kadJb other medicines. kalabak dipak dip taM darsae."-krrsan. 'The ~ [kalJk] SkI ~ n fault, shortcoming. flowers of sandalwood, frankincense, kadab 2 ignominy, defamation. 3 blemish, stain. and 10,tus shone like magical lamps.' 4 black spot on the moon's surface. 5 material ~ [kalam] See m?H. "hathI kalam agJm." such as calcined tin, used in the preparation of -phvnl1e m 5. medicines etc. "dhatu me tamk hi kalak Qare ~ [kalhl See arsJr. amk baran met kanak prakas hE."-BGK. ~ [kalhaI:\] a scholar, Kashmiri Brahmin by ~ [kalakar] adjwho brings into being power, caste, who in the twelfth century wrote the knowledge and craft. "kalJkar rupe."-japv. chronicle of Kashmir named "Rajtarangini" in 2 enemy of evil. Sanskrit. It is written in stanzas, and gives an ~ [kalJki] adj stigmatised, blemished. account of Kashmir from the 7lh century. 2 Kalki Avtar. "parsuram ram kIsan ho kIlak ClI13idire [kalharaI], ~ [kalharay] a chieftain kalJki atI ahakare."-BG. of Raikot (district Ludhiana) who was raja of ClIlfar [kaIJg] ~. 2 SkI a branch of river Tihara territory -near Jagraon. He was a Brahmputar, which flows in Assam. Kalang devotee of Guru Gobind Singh. The Guru river. reached Raikot from Machhivara disguised as ClI1'fcrrr. [kaIJga] See ~ and ~. plural of a Muslim pir. He gave him all the resources at offi'a'. "janam janam ke hare kaIJga."-brla m 5. his disposal. He sent his shepherd Nuru to 2 a plume-like flower. Sirhind who broughtthe news ofthe martyrdom ~ [kalaj] SkI ~ n tobacco. 2 creature of the Guru's younger sons. The Guru killed with a poisoned arrow. bestowed a sword to Kalharay and bade him

~ [kaledan] Skt ~ n wetness, dampness.

m emu

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to keep it with reverence. Kalhe: obeyed him to the full but his grandson donned the sword during hunting. After getting injmed with it, he died the same day by falling from a horse. People of Kalha's community now live in Raikot. Two articles ofthe Guru are with them: one is a jug for containing sacred water and the other is a rehal, a foldi~g book-stand. See
~and~.

mur [kaly] Skt n early morning, dawn.

2 tomorrow. 3 yesterday. 4 liquor. 5 tavern, pub. 6 a Bhatt singer ofthe Guru's glory. "kabI kaly sujas gavau guru nanak." -savEye mIke. C?lMOI1Acl l [kalyas-haru] a Bhatt singing the Guru's glory. "kalyas-haru tasu gut). japE." -scweye m 4 ke. ~ [kalypal] See CifMTM'. ~ [kalyalJ.] Skt n well being, welfare. 2 heaven. 3 name of a rag. See CX'ful?-f'7i' 2. mur~ [kalyalJ.raI] In Guni Nanak Chandroday, it is the name ofBaba Kalu. See
~~.

[kalyalJ.i] n Durga; Goddess, whom the Hindus regard as the bringer of bliss . 2 short for Mata Kot Kalyani. See QT>-RlTlif. tm:iJTO [blyan] See CfM"JIT~. 2: See ~. benediction; blessing. "IU sun harakh uthyo mardana. ucryo srI nanak kalyana. pIta pItamah par pun parke. barnan narn kare jag guru ke. subh gun sag kin parsasa. nIpjyo vedikul avtasa."-NP ~ [kalyana] a disciple of Guru Aljan Dev, who was a spiritual and devout person.. During the settlement of Amritsar, he went to the hills to collect funds and timber etc. At Mandi he was in great trouble. Due to the nonobservance of fast on the occasion of the celebration of Krishan's birthday and for not doing worship in the temple, he was arrested on the orders of the raja ofMandi. Taking him

to be an atheist, the raja wished to impose heavy punishment upon him, but on listening to the sermon of this spiritual personage, he bacame a totally changed man. So he fell upon Kayana's feet and sought forgiveness. The raja accompanied by Bhai Kalyana reached Amritsar for the Guru's audience and became his disciple. 2 a de:voted disciple ofGuru Arjan Dev. He belonged to the Bindrau subcaste. He also served Guru Hargobind and took part in the crusades. See ~~~ l:fT. ~tffi [kalyucrl Poet Kaly sayeth. "guru ramdas kalyucn:.'''-savEye m 4 ke. mrlra'r [k~lyora] See O~Q. "kam ju nE kOrIk kalyora kEdh6 kare hE. "--krrsan. 'as if cupid has assumed innumerablle forms. ' chra" [kallar] See ern-d. cCMaaM [kailarkaJI]lotlls in barren land, that is, getting best from the worst. 2 a noble fellow taking birth in an ignoble family. "kallarbl bhagat prahIlad."-BG. cfw [kallo] adj alone, all alone. 2 P j( n part of the face that lies between the cheek and the neck; jaw. we [kav] Skt ~ vr compose verse, narrate, draw pictures. 2 See emf. ~ [kavka] See qfuc~. ~ [kavac] Skt n that which obstructs air; armour, coat of mail. 2: protective mantar. "ram kavac das ka sanahu. "-g.'5d m 5. 3 kettledrum. ~ ~ [kavac sanah] wearing an armour or coat of mail. ~ [kavacni] army wearing armour. -sanama. C1iihl i SCl [kavcatclkl, ~ ~ [kavcatkarl destroyer of armour; sword, arrow, spear and gun.-sanama. am [kavacil adj wearer of armour. ~ [kavacul See~ir. ~ [kavgi] cowrie. "'kIs-hU na kavgi pun te

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kab hi lld kayohi dehge."-kalki.

~ [kavaQQi] a rural sport. The players are

9~MGl'~.

divided into two groups, with a line drawn on the ground. A player from one side goes to the other side of the line continuously uttering, "Kavadi, Kavadi." He touches someone on the rival side and comes back to his side without taking a breath and getting caught. If he is caught then he loses. The only tact required is to touch an opponent without taking a breath and not be caught on that side. CNC!' [kava!).], ~ [kava!).u] pran who. "tIn kaval:nJ khalavE kavanu cugavE?"-sodaru. ~ [kavtak] See "kalahI kavtak kar bhari."-kalki. ~ [kavta] See~. 2 poet. "kavte bhi jasi." -var maru 2 m 5. ~ [kavan], ~ [kavanu] See~. "kavan gun pranpatI mIlau meri mai?"-gau m 5. "kavanu sujan jo sauda jorE?"-gau m 5. ~ [bvar] See ~. "par nari ke het btak . kavran ko ghayo."--CdTItr 21.2 morsel. See ~. 3 Skt salt. 4 s~ur juice. 5 curl, tress. ~ [kavra] adj bitter. "pac bIadhI tIagE kavre."-gauam 1. ~ [bvri] cowrie. 2 bitter. 3 Skt plait, brai'd. ~ [kaval] Skt n morsel. "bharyo kaval br anan payo."-GPS. 2 lotus. "gur ke caran kaval rId dhare."-sor m 5. "kaval khne mukh kdv~l sudhare."-GPS. 'put morsels into the lotuslike open mouth. ' ~ [kavalnEn] See ~ . "kavalnEn madhurbhm."-savEye m 4 ke. ~ [kavalpargas] See~. "kaval pargas bhae sadh sage."-guj m 5. ~ [kavlay] See~. CWW [kavla] Lakshmi. See CitH'W. "bvla caran saran hE jake."-gau kabir. ~ [kavlas] Kailash mountain. See af'awJ:r. "kavlas mE dhyan chutyo har ka."-cJ(ii 1. See

aocr.

[kavlasan] Brahma. See ~. Cl'ilMiHc..rfa" [bvlaspatI] Lord of Kailash mountain, Shiv. See 1..RH~. Cl~M'ljGl [bvlasray], ~ [kavlasri] Vishnu, the protector of lotus, from whose navel emerged this flower. "man mE kavlasri jo gyana."-arhJta. Cl~M'oi'a [kavlakat], ~ [kavlapatI] See ~ and~. "harIjas su!).ahI tIsu kavla kata."-var sor m 4. ~ [kavalu] morsel. See ~. "kalE kavalu nnajan janE."-maru solhe m 1. 'One who knows Him, devours death,' i.e. a spiritual person conquers death. 'ClW [kava] A L:;; n plural ofkuvatt. strength, might. 2 See~. . ~ [kavau] See~. 2 spoken word, mandate. "kita pasau eko kavau."-japu. See ~ vr. 3 See ~. "de lEsahI jfd kavau."-var asa. 'body as garment.' ~ [kavaI] A '1 n dress, costume of a rich man. "gUrI diba!).I kavaI pEnaio."-sri m 5 pEpar. "galahu kavaI khol pahInai."-BG.
2
See~.

Cl~M'Ai,)

~ [kavaId] A ~I} plural ofkaIdah. rule.

2 drill. "karE kavaId vIdya sag."-GPs.

[kavai] See ~. "kaha su lal kavai." -asa am 1. ~ [kavaci] adjwho wears an armour. "bhayo re!).uka te kavaci kuthari."-paras. ~ [bvat] Skt n that lets air in and out; door. ~ [bvad], ~ [bvada] A A} adj shameless, immodest, devoid of self-respect. "dargahi hon khuar kavade."-BG. 2 guide, leader. "dIl mahI SOCI bICarI kavade! bhIsat dojak kInI pai?"-asa kabir. 'Leaders of the Muslims! ponder within.' See~. ~ [bvadI] See Y>fTfeafu. "dhru prahrlad kavadI tIlocan."-NP.

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[kdvayad] See ~. [kdvali] See ~. ~ [kavav] See ~. "ek kavav!' te sabh hoa."-maru m 5. See ~ vr. ~ [kavar] See~. 2 door. See Ol~. ~ [kavI] See ~ vr one who composes, creates or narrates is a poet. Scholars have described four types of poets: "path curav!' bharya, arth curaVE put, bhav curaVE mit so, sute kahE avdhut. arth hE mul bhali tuk qar su achar patr hE dekhkE jijE, ch;:}d hE phul navo ras so phal dan ke ban s6 sicbo kijE, "dan" kahE y3 prabinan s6 suthri kavIta sunkI' ras pijE, kiratI ke bIrva kavI hE In ko kdb-hu kumlan na dijE. kaha guru karan dadhicI balI benu kaha sake saIIvahan ke aj-hu b gae hE, kahii pnthu parath pururava puhamIpatI haric;:}d puran ;) bhoj vIdtae hE, kahE "matIram" kou kavIn ko nfdo mat kaVIn pratap sab desan me chae hE, qhuq dekho tin 10k ami hE kavIn mukh kete mue mue raja kavIn jrvae hE. 2 n Valmiki. 3 Shukar. 4 Brahma.. :5 Pandit. 6 in Bengal a physician is also called a kavi. 'i5l'fucr [kavIkl, ~ [kavIka] Skt rein, bridle. "mukhbal asu kaVIka jIv mani."-NP. 'like a bridle for an intractable horse.' See
~

authored by the: well-known Hindi scholar Keshav Das. "pragat p;:}cmi ko bhayo kavIpnya avtar, sorE SE atthanvE' phagun SUdI budhvar." ~ [kavIraj:l supreme poet. 2 Valmiki. 3 Shukracharya. 4 Vyas. 5 Bhai Gurdas. 6 Bhai Nandlal. 7' Bhai Santokh Singh. 8 Vedraj, a supreme physician. See ~ 6. [kavi] See a:fu. 2 blue lotus, water lily. "c;:}drama sIvEya ko kavikE pahICaniE."-dkal. "kaulu ttl hE kavia tu hE."-sri m 1. 3 A tJ J strong, mighty, powerful. ~ [bvial).] Ski poets have. "sujas kdly kavian bakhal).HJ. "-sdvEye m 5 ke. ~ [kavisar], C~Q [kavisvar] master poet.

See~.

cR [kave] Skt 'Cfi'2t: of the poet. "git nad kaVIt

kave sunI."-tukha bardhmaha. 'having heard music and poetry. ' wfq [kav;:}dh] See o~h:r. ~ [kavy] See~;r. food given or oblation performed after the invocation of ancestors. 2 food from which balls or cakes are prepared for the ancestors. 3 world of ancestors. 4 admirer. ~ [kaval] A Ji j singer; one who sings in the congregation of sufis. Its root is ~(1i. or.r [karl n layer. of gmvel. 2 attraction. "kap badhan biidhIO sis mar."-basJt a m 3. 3 restraint. "ma:[a moh nIt karu."-var ram 1 m 3.4 sound producl~d by gunfire. 5 See CG?iT. ~ [ka+aiE] be boiled:: be cooked; be pained or troubled "ta mere manu, kaItu karaiE?"-g3<;l m4. ~ [karak] n sound produced by lightning or gun fire. a;;rcr<!T [karakl).a] v crackle, give out a loud sound. 2 thunder. "SIn karkIO kal. "-bhEr m 5. ~C!'" [karkaul).a] v crackle, break. "jfdu nImani kdqhiE haqa ku karkaI."-S farid.

migqT

0lfuIrw.
~ [kavIt] See~. "pothi gitkavIt kIchu

kade na karanI dhana."-sri d m 1.

~ [kavIta] Skt n verse; compostion in verse.
~

[kavItt] See 0lfil'3' and~. ~ [kavItra] See ~. ~ [kavItva] Skt composing of verse, poem. 2 prudence, cleverness. 3 poetic quality. ~ti(T [bvIprIya] a book on poetics

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[kdrkha] See ~. car or kirtdn bdhI kdrE. ~ [kdrcha] ~ [brchi] See CiRfii:T ~. jo prdsad ko bat hE mdn me dhare Iobh, "kdrchia phIranI, sau nd jdDnI sUJ1ia."-var kISI thora kISI dggIa sada rdhE tIS sog." -tanama guj2 m 5. Q;fi") [kdrdn], ~ [kdrna] v fasten tightly, pavan tan pavan kar than ghnt mEda Ie khad saman, shackle. 2 See csr;ror. "ta kaItu kdriE?"-var gau 1 m 4. 3 Skt ~ vr become unconscious kdr karah japu path su thanE, in grief or due to ecstasy. "sdtIguru jIni gurprasad ardas bakhanE."-GPs. dhIaIa se kdrIn sdvahi."l-var sri m 4. 'They See~and~. are always engrossed in ecstasy.' 4 M ~ C:{;JI'ijT [karaha] See acru. "tapat karaha bujhI gaIa."-maru m 5. Here it means a mind adv far away, on the other bank. ~ [kdrmUr] onom crackling sound. "koIdar troubled by perversions and distresses. kdrmUrE."-paras. 'The tusk of the boar that ~ [kdrahi] small cauldron. 2 pudding carries the earth crackles.' prepared from flour, sugar and clarified butter. "dhuro pataIo lai brahi."-BG. 3 sweet ca;:r [kdrva] adj bitter. car [kdra] n bangle, bracelet. 2 hard layer of pudding offered to the deities. gravel. 3 bangle-type hook. 4 adj hard, stiff. ~ [karahia] adj one who prepares pudding from flour, sugar and clarified burter. ~ [kdraSdDU], QSTR?l [kdrasdn] MOffiTRO n seat made of deerskin. 2 Skt C{CTFfO seat made ~ [brabr] onom crackling sound of grass. "kaIa kdrasdnu mdnu jagoti." produced by gunfire etc. -sIdhgosatI. See ~. ~ [karaka] n explosion. 2 xa fasting. "SIgh karake se rahf' due tie dIn khahI."-PPP. ~ [kdrah] Skt ~ n cauldron. 2 dish prepared in a cauldron; pudding offlour, sugar 3 scorching heat without rainfall. ~ [karabin] See ~. and clarified butter; hdIva. ~ [kdrahprdsad] n the supreme Sikh ~ Q [karamaDakpur] a village on the bank of Jamna, where the ninth Guru stayed offering made to the Almighty and then distributed among the congregation. It is also on his way back from Thanesar and Banibadarpur. It was here that Guru Teg known as pacamnt and mdhaprdsad. The method of preparation and distribution Bahadur removed Maluk Das Vaishnav's of kdrahprdsad mentioned in rdhItnamas is misconception about the eating of meat. "kare as below: su manak pur ke rahu. gamne satIguru "brah kdrdn ki bIdhI sun IijEbeparvahu."-GPS. tin bhag ko SdmSdr kijE, Qfu" [kafI] tightly. 2 after being rocked, with anxiety. "maIa mohI kare kdfI pacIa."-bher Iepdn agE bdhukdr dijE, majdn br bhajdn dhovijE, m5. kdr Sdnan pdvItr hVE bdhE, af;p,rr [kafIa] adj shackled, fettered. "IIkhI vahIguru bIn dVdr nd kdhE. IIkhI pafIa teta karIa."-varasa. 'Deep study leads to the unfettering of shackles, but the kdr tI ar c:>ki pdr dhdrE, more they read without pondering, the more l"se kdfI TId sdvahi." 'Passion does not turn them into ashes.' do they get egotistic.' 2 distressed, aggrieved.
ca1:lT

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n a special type of iron bridle to control intractablle horses. 2 rein, bridle. afiro [kdrrn] See C{;Rj'. q;ft [kdri] n rafter; a wooden piece put aslant on a beam. 2 hook ofa fastening chain. 3 hook attached to the sword's sheath. "kdria dr Cdpras VIsala."-GPS. 4 adj hard, stiff. ~ [kdrial], ~ [kdrialu] See ~. "kdpalu mukhe gun gIanu dnrala ram.':-vdQ m 4 ghoria. ~ [kdrU] See q;r 3. ~ [brua] adjbitter. "mithe kdU kaura kdhE, kdrue kdU mitha."-gdu d m 1. ~ [kdruca] SktwJ n tiny bundle. "mJ:ih kdfUce ghah de chac;l ghore ralii."-cJQi 3. 'took tiny bundles of grass in their mouths to prove themselves as cows.' 'Cl1f01' [karhna] v boil. 2 be aggreived, be distressed. 3 ponder over again and again, practise. "pritI parhE kar pritI karhE rasritln cit suno SUI cakhE."-krIS;:Jn. ~'t [brhi] adj cooked boiled. 2 n salted gramflour dish, or a sweet dish, prepared from fine wheat-flour [mEda]. W [ka] part of. "namk ka prabhu SOl jls ka sabhkoI."-asa m 5. 2 pron what. '''kdhu jan, ka nahi ghar take?"-g;:Ju k;:Jbir. 3 someone. "ka VIrli jaI vuthi."-gdU m 5. 4 which. "dusar nahi thau ka pahI jaiE?"-jet chJt m 5. 5 adj a little, in some measure. "tIna bhukh na ka rahi"-g;:Ju val' 2 m 5. "lobhi ka vesahu na kijE je ka parvasaI."-s;:Jva ill 3. W [ka], ~ [kau], ~ [kau] n crow. "jTO SUJ1E ghan kau."-sri m 3. ~ ~~~ [kau uc;laul).a] v make the crow flyaway; an omen solemnly professed by women; keeping in mind the relative gone abroad, to beckon the crow perched on the house to fly simply by a word ofmouth, without

~ [kdpal] ~ [kdpala]

any gesture to shoo it away; if the crow flies away, it is persumed thatthe relative will return soon. On the contrary, if it does not flyaway, it is evident that his return may be delayed.
Seewar~.

[kauke] a village in police station and tehsil Jagraon, district Ludhiana. It is situated four miles away to the west ofJagraon railway station. A gurdwara of Guru Hargobind is situated haifa mile way from the village. The Guru came here from Sidhvan. The main hall ofthis gurdwara is elegantly built. Thirteen ghumaons ofland was donated by the village to this gurdwara. A fair is held on every Baisakhi day. ~ [kau] adj a little, in some measure. "ciri ai . c;lhIl na kau."-var ram 1 ill 1. 2 pron any. 'Wf [kao] See ~~. "jlu SUJ1E ghan kao."-vdQ m 1 ;:Jlahl)i. ~ [kaaba] Sc~e cPa". [kaT], qffu [kaI] adv why. "kaI pap kamaiE?"-asa c11Jt m 5. "kaI patola parti?"-s f;:Jrid. "tu kaI garbahI bavli?"-b;:JsJt r;:JvIdas. 2 for whom, why. "kes muc;lae kaI?"-s k;:Jbir. 3 pron to whom. "jagjivanu jugatI na mIlE kaI."-b;:JsJt mi. 4 Skt Cfil1T n body, physique. ~ [kalau] See O[TlirtI. "kalau dhup dip naibeda."-dh;:Jna pipa. ~ [kalya], cml1fT []calya] Skt CI'Gf n body, physique. "ttl karya mE ruldi dekhi jlo dhar upan charo."--g;:Ju ill 1. "jab lagu kal grasi nahI kala."-bJler k;:Jbir. wftmrr'ffiffir [kala sarir] physique, mortal body. "kala sarin: VleI sabhuklchu pala."-majh;:J m3. ~ [kalakalap] Skt ~ n rejuvenation; a Vedic strategy to once again rejuvenate the body. "kalakalap kijE."-ram

namdev.

wftmrr eft lffi'lIfo [kala ki aganI] n heat of the

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body that keeps life going. It is generated by established, fixed. "karmu darmu sada the flow ofblood in the veins. 2 egotism. "kara patrsahi."-gcw ravidas. ki aganr braham parjarE."-bhcr kabir. 'Bodily ~ [karrJ Cl'fug [karru] Skt~ adjcowardly, vanity should bum in the intense fire ofspiritual timid, unenterprising. "manmukhu karru knowledge. ' karupu hE."-var v~}(;i m 3. ~ [karabhogi] adj given to enjoying Cl.pead l [karrta] cowardice, timidity, lack of bodily pleasures. 2 he who leads a full life. "ja enterprising spirit. jatu jogi ta karabhogi."-asa m 1. C(Tfug [karru] See qrfua-. ~ [kararat] adjvain (one who loves his ~ [karl] See qt'li{(? body.) "kararat bahu rup raeahi."-gau kabir. 'Cl"tt [kaiJ pron any. "un na kai bata."-ram m qrfuR" [kars], ~ [kars] n dispute, riot. "rah 5. "va kau bradhr na kai."-jet m 5. 2 adj jadi 1 ka:IS mol."-PPP some, a little. "brnsat bar na lage kai."-prabha ~ [kark] See ~. am 1. 3 n algae. "mrte na bhram ki kai." ~ [karee] adv why, for what purpose. -dhana m 9. 'ignorance as a form of algae.' "karee bharam bhula?"-maru m 1. flaw. ~ [kartJ, ~ [kartu] Skt~ advwhy, Cl'Tt [kaeJ, qi"E: [kae51 adv why, for what for what purpose. "agode je eetie ta kartu mrle purpose. "kae an an rueiE."-sar m 5 partal. sajar?"-asa am 1. a-rR' [kas] pron to whom. 2 n short for fTClTl1. wrea- [karth], ~ [karthuJ Skt ~ adj "asat kas khat dharar:lI kry."-kalki. 'During the war, the surface of the earth flew to the situated in the body. 2 n soul. 3 conscience. See o('Peatl:g. 4 a caste. See ~. 5 one sky. As a result, six worlds remained below born from a low caste mother and a Kshatri and eight worlds appeared above.' 3 Cfil1IL vr father. It is mentioned in 35 th slok ofAushnas shine, manifest. 4 n glitter, light. 5 moss, grass. Simriti that a Kayasth (~) gets his 6 Skt CfiR1 asthma. "madaganr kas."-saloh. restlessness from the crow (crrq), cruelty from 7 Skt Cfi"Ttf whetstone, grindstone. 8 T J,; Yamraj (tiIl-RJTR) and sawing from the carpenter respect, refrain. 9 fragment. 10 slice. ('P"El'tffu) to form an acronym: <X"1Jl'FEf. 11 P J( part Had it been so! 12 God willing. o('fb~tl:g [karthueetuJ conscience; a quality in 13 grief, distress. the human body to be conscientious and iil'1'Rfl [kasauJ to whom. "rhu dukhu kasau dexterous. "ghari ghari ka lekha mage kahau re."-asa kabir. karthueetu nau."-maru kabir. It is this which ~ [kaskaJ See ~. CliHClla [kaskar], C(IHo(idl [kaskari], C(TFf"Ofd" is also known as Chitargupt. [kasgar J, ~ [kasgariJ P a town in the ~ [kardaJ A ~rfu-eu rule, principle. east of Turkistan. "kaskar ko sahrk janryat." 2 convention, practice. Cl.peo'd [karnatJ See ~. -cantr 5.2 resident of Kasgar. "kaboj kaskari ClTfuQ [karnu] A dl1 n plural of kaynat slave ke."-kalki. girls, female servants. "bibi kaula sru karn 'C('TH"G [kasat] Skt Ofl'l'l: n wood. "suke kasat tera."-bher namdev. 'Your relationship with harra."-sodaru. 2 See~. "pret-pfjar mahr kasatu bhara."-ram am 1. Lakshmi is that of maidservants.' wfuJ.r [karm], criElj [karmu] A ('; adj 'Cl'HGCj;:o1 [kasatkudni], ~ [kasatprrs-

r(

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taI:U] gun, which has a wooden butt-s;mama. ~ [kasar], i5I'FfTi[ [kasaru] Skt n pond. 2 pajiri l , a preparation comprising flour, fried C1IHesHi [kasatbesta] See itFfi" qtHGT. [kasta] See Ci!T1f. in clarified butter, mixed with sugar. "bhatu pahItI afU lapsi karkara kasaru."-asa kdbir. ~ [kasatu] See QTRC. C{Tf.Ia" [ka:;;at] P ~( agriculture. 3 Skt fcp:ror food prepared by mixing broken rice and sesame seeds. C1 i f.ldCl l d [ka:;;atkarl P Je( n agriculturist. orrfi:r [kasI] See O(TFIT. Wf.I3'O [ka:;;tan] P v sow. ~ [kaste] adv why, for what purpose. "Esi ~ [kasw] from whom. budhI kaste hoi?"-NP qrfi:rq [kasIk] See ofTFflcx. C{l'ffi!" [kasad] See ~. ~ [kasIka] SkI' wfF.raT n Kashipuri. 2 a commentary by Vaman and J ayaditt on Panini 's ~ [kasni] P ~fY n a plant with flowers of grammar; an annotation for the clarification sky-blue colour. Its seeds are used in numerous medicines. Its effect is cold and wet.Cichorium of meanings. "kahu praknya kaSIka sarab Intybus. It controls bile and purifies blood. It matthE."-gyan. 3 adjwhich gives light. quenches thirst and relieves temperature C1 l fRCl i d [kasIkar] See ;~. 2 See crFIORf. caused by prickly heat. 2 adj having sky-blue C1 l fRCilH [kasIkis] Shiv, lord of the residents of colour. Kashi and the ruler of Kashi. "jIDYO qq:rt.ft [kaspi] See ~. kasIkisa."-gyan. WAH [kasam] See wfm.r. ~ [kasId] A ...;PI; adj who intends. 2 n ~ [kasambeg] Kasimbeg, son of Lallabeg, messenger. 3 envoy. a commander of Shah Jahan, who was killed ~ [kasIpi] Skt (XTT:fjrnJT n the earth,which is with a spear by Bhai Lakkhu, a soldier ofGuru owned by Kashyap. "je karE patr kasIpi Hargobind in the battle ofGurusar. sarab."-ddtt. 'ifthe whole earth is put forth as ~ [ka:;;mir] adj of or relating to Kashmir. paper.' 2 Dg garur, a bird, the offspring of 2 n saffron. 3 Persian writers have written Kashyap. ka:;;mir in place ofka:;;mir. See cMJ:m [kasIm] A (I; adj he who divides or cmfdT [kasra] a subcaste of Bahujai Khatris. distributes. 2 It happens to be the name of "dipak dipa kasra guruduare hukmibada." numerous Muslims. See ~ t!T ~ futf -BG O'tf. C(THT [kasa] P ,......,( n bowl, mug. "kan kasa 'CI"fi::rHitcr [kasImbegl See ~. darsan ki bhukh."-trlag m 1. "hathi kase laki WJft [kasi], ~:ft [kasi] Skt ~ n Varanasi, phumaD. "-var majh ill 1. Benaras, principal centre of education and ~ [kasa] n vessel made of bronze. 2 flat pilgrimage of Hindus in U.P. Shivpuri. Kasi is plate made of bronze. 3 in Rajputana, a plate situated on the left bank of Ganga. According with meals ready to be served is known as a to the census of 1921 AD, its population was khasa. 1,98,447. "na kasi matI UpjE na kasi matI jaI." l<[c\ ~ fotR:~ q;GW tjra.i'V~ CI"'JMft [kasai] See ~. 2 adj with the instinct of a butcher. "kalIkati raje kasai."-var majh ~ fotR:~ 18116' '1Wffil1 ~ m 1. mP'-~ ~ tTfct f~q] <fR~ ~ ~ [kasagar] brazier, bronze-worker, tinker. ~;fJ ~ ~ ~l 'fiTBT{ ~.-vrrhdabhIdhan.

c:f'(

orntmr.

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800
-gujm 3.

For long Kashi has been famous in India. Hindus of all sects have tried to enhance its repu~ation. Aurangzeb renamed it as Mohammadabad. He got demolished the famous Vishveshvar Nath temple and built a large mosque in its place, which stands there even today. This city has the following gurdwaras in it: (a) Vadi Sangat in MohallaAsbhairo. It is at this place that Guru Teg Bahadur stayed for seven months and thirteen days in Sammat 1722. The cave in which the Guru practised solitary meditation is still there. On his way back from Patna to Punjab, Guru Gobind Singh also stayed here. A robe of Guru Teg Bahadur and his shoes, alongwith those of Guru Gobind Singh, are kept with great reverence and are shown to the public on the Sankranti day. Fairs are held onPoh Sudi 7, Assu Vadi 10 and on Baisakhi. Maharaja Narender Singh of Patiala got constructed a Shishmahal in Sammat 1911 with considerable amount and also started a daily community kitchen costing rupees two per day. The gurdwara has some income from the rent of houses and some from Ledhupura village. The priest ofthe gurdwara is Bhai Ishar Singh Nihang, Due to his efforts, the gurdwaraproperty the people had grabbed was restored by the court orders. (b) There is a gurdwara named Guru ka Bagh in Laksa Mahal. Guru Nanak Dev stayed here and gave a sermon to Gopa1 Pande. (c) In Jagat Ganj, there is Choti Sangat gurdwara. Guru Tegh Bahadur stayed here for some time. It is in a dilapidated state. (d) Across Ganga, at a distance of three kohs from Kashi, there is Guru ka Bagh on 16 bighas of land in Chhota Mirzapur. While he

was staying at Vadi Sangat, Guru Gobind Singh once visited this place. This place is to the north ofAhrora railway station at a distance ofthree miles. In Kashi there are about forty such places belonging to Udasi and Nirmala saints where Guru Granth Sahib is kept and recited. 2 bronze. 3 a musical instrument made of bronze. "kasi phuti p~q.Ita! dhunI kaha s;:>mai?"-brla k<Jbir. 4 adj miraculous, marvellous. See crH 3. "kasI kns;:>n c;:>rav;:>t gau mIlI h;:>nj;:>n sobha pai."-m<Jla m 4. ~ [kasik] Skt wfF.rq adj of or relating to Kashi. "to. br;:>hm;:>nu mE kasik julha."-ram
k<Jbir.
~ [kasipur] See~. 2 a town in Karond

state in C.P. "ph;:>t;:>k si kdas k;:>maug;:>q.h kasipur." -<Jkal. ~ [ka$iram] a poet, whose composition is included in a play authored by Hridyaram, as:p;:>r$uramovac ;:>tr ch;:>q.va I dou k;:>r jurva I, d;:>somkh mukh dyaI ;:>pnokE chItkayO hE, micm q.;:>raI bar bar s;:>traI, aj hVEg;:>yO sIpahi moso tilhi ko tu jayo hE, k;:>hE ka$iram t;:>b ram s6 p;:>r$uram sIkkh bamdev ju ke nike kE sunayo hE, jilki sJhE khat ch;:>tr dhari k;:>hI kahI jat tilhi pE mE d;:>s;:>n tInuka p;:>krayo hE. ramcadrovac pharto k;:>pol bol bol;:>thi bamh;:>n ke q.arto ukhar darh j;:>mi jo b;:>d;:>n mE, jit birkhet p;:>thEdet j;:>mlok tohI leto s;:>bh ch;:>tnn ko bEr ek chIn mE, kaha k;:>r6h;:>tya pran;:>b jo tIhare h;:>t subh;:>t k;:>haI r;:>n thaq.he hot r;:>n mE, y;:>hE jan nato ho b;:>cyo hE ek bamh;:>n ke ka$iram s;:>m;:>jh sdmdjh kdr mdn mE. See footnote to UQ1-fl7i i'i'CCf.

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Cl'll3 [kasu] from whom, to whom. "ta kahi kasu?"-prabha am 1. 2 short for ~R "aradh uradh mukhI lagau kasu."-bher a k<CJbir. The immanent creature (aradh) is one with the transcendent Creator (uradh), Jin the sky. ~ [kasera] See ~. ~ [ka$t] Skt Wl'!" n wood. a'I'lf [ka$ta], ~ [ka$tha] Skt n limit, boundary. 2 direction. 3 time equivalent to 18 twinklings of an eye. According to Sushrat Sanhita, time taken by fifteen twinklings of an eye, and according to Vishnu Puran, time taken by eighteen twinklings of an eye, is equivalent to one ka$tha. 4 daughter of Daksh, who was Kashyap's wife. 5 situation, circumstance. ~ [ka$yapi] See orrfi:rtit. crru [kah] what. "kah bhayo dou locan mudkE beth rahyo?"-akal. 2 to whom. 3 P ~( grass. 4 A ~li obedience. 5 elderliness. 6 strength, power. aiu [kah] to whom. 2 n grass, reed. ~ [kahaSI] Skt CX'If grass. "kukahI kahaSI phule."-tukha bar<Jhmaha. i.e. 'th~: hair has turned grey. ' crru3" [kahto] ~dv why, for what purpose. ~ [kah;~m] n Brahma's day. 2 Kriishan. Ol'dhFH'l.if [kahansfgh] See ~" ~ [kahru] adj wrathful. "kupyo mahru kahru rup dhare."-VN. '6I"U'li5' [kahal] n perturbance, anxiety. "CIt me atI kahal hoi."-GPS. 2 haste, hurry. 3 Skt large drum. 4 cock, rooster. 5 A 1 )t( adj lazy. ~ [kahli] n haste, hurry. 2 P J,~' laziness. 3 Skt young woman. 0(ItJT [kaha] n S attack, aggression i.e. riot. "nahi kISE nalI kaha he."-maru solhe ill 3.2 worth telling, worthy of narration. "avar na duja kaha he."-marusolhem 1.3 deficiency, shortage, loss. "tIn SIrI cuka kaha he."-maru solhe m 3. See~.

[kahaha] sound oflamentation. "hul paVE kahaha."-s farM. ~ [kahI] prof! what. "kahI kabir ab leahi kahI."-bher. 2 from whom. "magau kahI rak sabh dekhau."-lJIla kahir. 3 advwhy. "sImrat kahI na ram?"-s m 9. "harI gun kahI na gavai?"-tIlag m 9. . 'O(Tftn? [kahIl] cffiJrffi [kahIli] See C('T()'(? and ~. [kahi] adv why, for what purpose. "bahan navahu kahi?"-sor mi. aic:ft' [kam] n grass, reed. 2 See w:fh:r. an alkali meant to prodUl~e the e:ffect of iron. 3 adv in any way. "CIt kathor na bhIj kam."-BG. ~ [kahidan] P ~I~~( v decrease. 2 reduce. ~ [kahul pron to somebody. "bh kahu leau det nahI."-s m 9. 2 adv anywhere. "mera manu a.nat na kahu jaI."-suhi m 5 gUJ)vati. 3 what. "kahu flClnak kahu parvaha jau sukhsagar m paIa."-sar m 5. 4 P h( a medicine, specially used to cure bad cold. Its effect is cold and wet. Lactuca Stiva. This medicine controls bile and purifies blood. 'Olrfr [kahe], ~r [kahekau], ~ [kaheku] adv why, for what pupose. "so kahe na kare pratIpal?"-gau kdbir."eko kahie nanka, duja kaheku?"-var mala m 1. ~ [kaho] what is. "takoacraj kaho?"-dh<Jna k<Jbir. C{IO(" [kak] See O(1fI. ~ [kakau] to whom. 2 whose. "kakau durau kasIu balbaca."-bIla m 5. QTCilit [kakI:ti] n female crow. 2 See ~. 0l'Old'M1GlhOll'Gl [kaktaliynayay] See (')lllTjf. ~ [kakpak;;J,iX'rorti'l::f [kakpakkhJ, ~5 [kakpacch] n hair given the shape of crowfeathers; tresses. 2: bobbed hair. "bahu besyan ke sut tIh thae. kakpakkh jIn sis baI1~."-NP. ~ [kakpali] n cuckoo. It is believed that a crow by incubating a cuckoo's eggs hatches the young ones.
'O('I(Jl'dT

arm

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802
~ [kake] whose.

wart!"

~ [kakbaII] Skt n In Hindu faith, food

offered to a crow, during rituals such as ~ [kako] See ~. 2 See q+&. shradhs, etc. ~ [kako] whom. 2 whose. "kako tanu dhanu alOljtf;;, [kakbhasuq.], ~fu' [kakbhasuq.I] Skt sapah kaki."-sar m 9. ~ Bhushundi, a Brahman, who turned ~ [kakol] raven. into a crow due to a curse from saint Lomash. ~ [kak$a] Skt ~iffi n desire, ambition. He led a long life and used to tell narratives to Wl:f [kakh] Skt em n hay, straw, grass. "hira the sages. "kakbhusuq.I te adI nkhisvar." lalu amolaku hE bhari bInu gahaku mika -NP. "bahu bIhag hE angan jahfva kakbhasuq. kakha."-jet m 4. 'mere straw without a buyer'. vnajE tahfva."-NP. 2 See cxicf. 3 P t,( elevated house. ~ [kakam] P ~~ n an Indian antelope and cxicf [kakh] Skt ~ n armpit. "kakh kItabahI its skin that is very soft and warm, and is used gunigahera."-NP. 2 mother's womb. "janukar by rich people for their garments. "atlas jari jae na kakh te ae nahI sasar."-CarItr 125. 'as kakam. "-salah. if not born from the mother's womb. ' ~ [kakri] Skt ~ n melon. QT1:IT [kakha] See C{Tl:f. oriatit [kakri] n gravel. ai1:fr [kakha], ~ [kakhIa] See qW. crraw [kakla] ~ [kakra] n unripe -ao [ber]; ~ [kakhi]~[kakhi]Skt~adjdesirous, jujube plum. 2 hailstone of the size of a -ao wishing for. "kakhi eke daras tIharo." [ber]. 3 Durga; a goddess with a melodious -sukhm;mi. "nam ke j;m kakhi."-sar m 5. VOIce. ~i [kakhEghauEl a sermon with characters 'a"'aT [kaka] whose. "kahahu kou hE kaka?" of the Of - row. "kakhEghaUE kal bhaIa."-asa -dhana kabir. 2 n boy. 3 son. 4 and S pati m 3. father's younger brother; paternal uncle. crrai [kag] See ~ and ~. 5 kakoli medicine. 6 shrub, berry. 7 Cape ~ [kagau] from a crow. "kagau hOI TId ujla." gooseberry; physalis peruviana. -var maru 1 m 3. ~ [kaka] See CfTClT 1. crrar ~~(!T [kag uq.aUJ).a] See ~: ~~(!T. ~ [kakIJ).i] Skt n collection of twenty "kag uq.avat bhuja pIrani."-suhi kabir. cowries; damri, a quarter pice. 2 adj woman 'Shooing away the crow, in wait for the wearing cowries. 3 n Shitla Devi. husband, has caused pain in her arm.' Q!cft [kaki] n little girl. 2 daughter. 3 Dg and S ~ [kag"ahu] from the crow. "kagahu has paternal, aunt. 4 Skt female crow. 5 See (XT kareI."-var SrI m 1. and orr; whose. "kaki maikako bap."-gaum 5. QTOTA' [kagajl A ~( n paper. No written Qioit [kaki] whose. See q+&. document is available to tell when paper was ~ [kakul Skt n indicating diffe'rent meanings made in India and who invented it. But one by emphasising vowels. "CfiTi'g: fBrrt fclcf>1iI ~: thing is certain that paper has been in vogue in m~: -amarka~. See ~~. 2 satire, India since the ancient times. The fact is very sarcasm. well supported in an article by Niyarkhus, a ~ [kakum] See Cf'i5Of. commander ofAlexander. Before its invention, ~ [kakul] P n tress. 2 lock of hair. birch bark, filigree, tarpatars, wood, stone, ~ [kakuktI] See crrcg and ~~. metal sheets, fragments of teeth and skin etc

Dg

J'(

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were used as writing material. English scholars are ofthe view that around 95 BC, the Chinese invented the art of papermaking from cotton and wool. When in 704 AD, the Arabs conquered Samarkand, they learnt the art ofpaper making from the Chinese prisoners. From Arabia to Greece, from Greece to Italy, from Italy to Spain, from Spain to Germany, from Germany to France and from France, it reached England in the early fourteenth century. Initially, paper was manually prepared. First paper-making machine was made by Louis Robert in France. Such machines wme made in England and America in 1804 and 1820 AD respectively. Now in India good quality paper is also made with machines. a'cIItft [kagji1 adj made of paper. 2 thin as a sheet of paper. "kagji nebu" and "kagji axrot", etc. 3 See~. ~ [kagjia] adjwho makes and sells paper. 2 n clerk, petition writer. "kagjie ras ko atI hi su mano gantikar jorddYO hE."-knsclO. CiI'I"aJ3' [kagat], ~ [kagad] See~. "basudh kagdd bdnraj kalma."-asa ch;jt ill 5. ~c [kagddkutt] one who pounds jute etc and makes paper from it. One who pounds small bits of junk and makes paper from the same. ~ [kagadI] due to papers. "tIn harIcad pnthmipatI raj kagadI kim na pai."- prabha am 1. 'whose glory is not confined to paper', i.e. his full praise cannot be recorded. 2 on paper. "kagad I kalam na lIkhaI).haru." - japu. ~ [kagadu] See ~ and~. "kagadu luI).u rah ghnt sag."-ram m 1. Clidljtf$ [kagbhasOq], 6( ' dlgpj"fii3 [kagbhusOqI]
See~fu".
qt'dfQ

[kagalu] n paper. "kagar nav laghahI kat sagaru?"- me>la m 5. "duya kagdlu cItI nd jaI).da."- sri m 5 pEpai. InGurbani these words mean paper, but in varying contexts they carry other meanings as well: "janam janam ke kate kagar."-;- asa rav.idas. Here it means account books, while it stands for an almanac in "kdqhI kagdlu dase rah."- var asa. ~ [kagar] a village in police station Dialpura, nazamat Phul ofNabha state. It is situated to the west of Dina at a distance of one and a half koso Years back, it was the capital of Raijodh. Guru Hargobind came here because of the affection showered by his devotee, Raijodh. Guru Gobind Singh also visited this place. He wrote Zafarnama at this place. "kI te>$rif dar kasbah kagar kunad."--ze>far. A dagger given by Guru Hargobind to Raijodh is now with the family ofBagh,~1 Singh. Kangar is to the north of Rampura Phul railway station at a distance of 16 miles. See
tJGOc'iTHT FfTfua".

[kagardi], ClTimrtr-dT [kagardag] terms used in musicology. They are the notes of mndag. They are marked by alliteration as "kagardi kupyo kapI katak."-ramav. See

Adibie.

cc+asr [kagra] a hill district of Punjab and its

principal town. Once it used to be the capital ofKatoch Rajputs. Now the main town of the district is Dharamsala. ~ [kagres] kiing of Kangra. "tab kopIya kagresa k;:>toca."-VN. Cl"CitJ:r [kage$] 'O(TCl"-i'lH. See ~fu". Cl'tT [kac] Skt n glass. vr att shine. "kac bIhajhan kacan chaqan."-bIla m 5. 2 wax. 3 shellac, sealing wax. 4 adj unripe. "kacgagria abh m;:>jhria."-asa m 5. 5 adj clay-built, temporary. "kac kota rachatI toya."-sahas m 5. ccitr [kac] See Cl"tr 1. 2 anal circle. 3 border of

[kagar], 0(l"d'RlT [kagra], ~ [kagaru], ~

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waist-cloth that is first passed between the legs and then hooked. Skt ~. Ol'i3Olaflf [kacbramI] adj cheat, hyprocrite. "kackaramI na jat sahi."-sar ill 5 partal. 'A cheat cannot withstand the lure of wealth.' qitfi'j [kacan] Skt ~ n gold. 2 adj golden. 0('ltIWiJ [kacmac] solanum rubrum, cape goose berry. 0l'tJT [kaca] adj unripe or unbaked. "kaCE karVE rahE na pani."-suhi kabir. Here earthen pitcher is the body and .water is the breath of life. 2 faithless. "mukatI bhed kIa jal)E kaca?" -gauaill 1. "kahIde kace sUl)de kace."-an.'Jdu. 3 an ignorant person, not steadfast in knowledge and action. "kace guru te mukat na hua."-o.'Jkar. 4 hypocrite, untrustworthy. "jInI manI horu mukhI horu SI ka<;lhe kaCIa." -asa farid. 5 mortal; not everlasting. "kaca dhanu sacahI murakh gavar."-dhana ill 5. 6 Dg cowardly, chicken-hearted, timid. 'O(T;:ft [kaci] unripe, unbaked. See 0l'tJT. Qitft [kaci] Skt ~ Skt n waist-string, girdle; especially a girdle made of metal, with small bells attached, popular with women. 2 one of the sacred seven puris (cities) of the Hindus, situated in Chengalpat district of Madras. In ancienttimes, it was the capital ofCholas and Palhavs. Now it is known as Kanjivaram (Conjeeveram) Bhai Gurdas has mentioned this place as Kanti. See 'lll'Bt. Olie9()alij~ [kacinagri] temporary town, i.e. mortal body. ~ [kacipi<;li] adj having immature body; who has not matured his body through celibacy. "kaci pi<;li sabadu na CInE udaru bharE jEse <;IhorE."-maru a ill 1. lll"V [kacu] See 'O(1'i3" glass. "acu kacu <;Ihanpahi." -mala a ill 1. 'Glass melts in the flame offire.' ~ [kacuri] Skt CflV\~Fc1crT n slough; snake's cast-off skin. "tajI jahuge jIu kacuri bhuyag."

-skabir. 0l1V [kacu] T knife. 'O(TS [kach] n measurement. 2 scheme, plan. 3 underwear for the waist. 4 juggler's dress. "tau nE kach kach anuhara."-raghu. 5 act of wearing a dress. "nat jyo kach bes."-GPS. 0('1"S"()' [kachanJ n vegetable-grower's wife. "kachan ek taha mIIgai."-datt. 2 See~. 0('Tiifi'jT [kachna] v measure. 2 plan. 3 wear a dress. "anIk svag kache bhekhdhari."-kan m 5.4 dress like ajuggler. 5 embellish, decorate. "nIj nIj bahan kachan kare."-GPs. "ma<;llik bol bolahI kache."-illala namdev. 'speak in sophisticated idiom.' ~ [kachni] n small underwear for the waist. "katI kamniy pE karat kal kelI Esi kachni kala nIdhI kala si kanh pyare ki."-gval. lll"iiRI" [kachar], ~ [kachar] Skt ~ n land along the river bank or seashore. 2 foothill. .~ [kacha] desire, ambition. See~. "kacha IhE sada ur atar."-saloh "mar jIm yak ache jivan ko bhach kache."-GPS. 'O(Ifs [kachI] See ~. 2 duly tailored dress. "kan sajogu banai kachI."-ram ill 5. Here dress means the body. 3 planned. 'O(Ifs ~ [kachI kuchI] duly tailored. 2 duly embellished. "kachI kuchI tanu dina."-sor kabir. m [kachi] measured, planned. See ~. 2 n vegetable grower; cultivator from a low caste; gardener. "kachi ne pe<;l te tut gIrae."-caQi 1. 'Ol'f [kachu] adj (one) who measures a field. 2 See~2. 0('Ti} [kache] See~. 2 embellished; wearing gorgeous dress. Ol"'t [kachE] See ~. 2 Dg what is the matter? 'O(lH [kaj] Skt n wooden hammer with which nails are driven. 2 Skt work. "kaj hamare pure sdtIgur."-ram m 5. 3 See ~. cover. "tdU mukh kajI ldjo."-sar In 5. 'with modesty

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covered the face.' 4 Dg ~radh; offering of 5 deduction as "tcmkhah VICD p~j rupaye mahina food to Brahmins in remembrance of the dead kat" ancestors. "jajI kajI viahI suhavE."--var mala ~ [katkut] planned cutting. 2 act of m 1. 'Meat is befitting for such occasions as harvesting and threshing. oblation, ~radh and marriage.' 5 S feast. 6 T ~ [katan], ~:')T [katna] Skt ~ v cut. "at1 tikhan moh ki phas, kCltanhar jagatguru." )\i wild goose. 7 button hole of a shirt or a -gaum5. coat. ~ [kajan] wife of a Muslim qazi. "kaji aru ~ [kata] Skt ~~ n thorn. kajan man jam:."-GPS. crk [katI] having cut. "katI jevri jan lie QItRf[kajar], ~ [kajal], ~ [kajalu] Sktcfm? chaqai."-prabha m 5. n collyrium, antimony, ink. "kajarkoth mahI ~ ~ [katI kutJ:] having harvested. "katI bhai na kari."-asa m 5. "kajal har t;jbol kutI kE qari."-asa kabir. sabhEklchu sajla."-phunhe m 5. "kajalu haru 'CiI'1it [kati], qrz [kate], O(rZ [katE] has cut, may tarnal rasu."-var manz2 m 5. cut, have cut, cuts. See 0(TCc'iT. "nakahu kati ~ [kaja] A ~~t; After putting the bridle into kanahu kati."-asa kabir. "kahu nanak gur b;jdhan kate."--sar m 5. "satIgur SIkh ke the mouth of a horse, tying it tightly with the saddle so that the horse cannot eat grain and b;jdhan kate."-sukhmani. graze grass. "jabahI sabad ne man samjhayo. ~ [kato] See faiR?c.rdT. kaja bran bajI sam bhayo. "-NP. After feeding O[TO [kath] Skt 0r'1'! "kath ki putri bha karE spices to the horse, it is subjected to currying bapuri?"-gau m 5. to improve its digestion. O[TO eft ~ [kath ki rotfl See O(TQ eft. QTft::r [kajI] See artr. 2 in between work. 3 during ~ [kathgarh] See ~. 2 There are so ~radh. 4 useful. "terE kajI na grIh raj mal." many villages with this name. 3 xa pyre. -ramm5. ~ [kathmarna] trap someone in a clamp, [kajilA tft; ajudge (in Muslim law) "kaji used as an instrument oftorture; wooden trap. hOlkE bahe nlaI."-Var ram 1 m 1. "kaji mula In olden times, this harsh punishment was karahI salam."-bhu namdev. 2 of work. meted out by revenue officials to peasants for "kimatI apne kaji."-gau m 1. collecting land revenue. ~ [kaji] Skt ~ n sort of sour beverage ~ [kathmaqapl, c~ [kathm;jqul See prepared by mixing ~ [rail. It is digestive ~. Wi5'" [katha] adj as hard as wood. 2 made of and is useful in removing liver's heat. Wtf [kaju] work. See qr;:r. "t1tu b1garas1 kaju." wood. 3 not grafted. "katha ;'lb, katha ber." See -bhcrm 5. ~. a-rR [kaje] See qrw. 2 See ~."parde sabh aior [katha] n bank, coast, shore. 2 See cfor. kaje."-ram m 5. 'covered.' aif6G1''ijI;:j [kathlyavarl See~. ~ [kajE] for some work. 2 useful. "jo jamhI ~ [kathi] n saddle, which is made of wood tu apune kajE."-gclU m 5. and mounted with skin or silk. 2 wood, fuel, ~ [kajhlal See f5$IHiftJ8. firewood. "kathi dhoI jalavahI."-asa kabir. (fIG [kat] n act of cutting. 2 cutting, as of a "tanu bhIa kathi."--gcn) kabir. 'Bodily vanity has taken the place of fuel.' 3 skeleton. 4 Skt garment etc. 3 wound, hurt. 4 Skt depth.

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position, place. "kathi bhfl1 bhfl1 bhfn taIJie." ~ [kaQhaku] adjwho proposes; who invents. -ram m 5. 'Beads are positioned differently in "matri kadh;:Jku ahI pay dhovade pivsa."-var a rosary.' maru 2 m 5. 'who with marvellous dexterity ~ [kathia] a Raj put subcaste. See~. ponders over the eternal truth.' ~ [ka~hiavar] territory of Rajputs of ~ [kaQhna] v take out, pull out. 2 embroider. Kathia subcaste; Surashatar. This area lies in 3 propose something new. 4 separate, reserve. western part of Gujarat from the Bay ofKachh ~ [kaQha] n insect with a big head called to the Bay of Khambhat in the Bombay Qhakkmabra, because it is found in the Qhak presidency. It is 220 miles long and 165 miles (forest). 2 one, who by diving, takes out sunken wide. Its total area is 20,882 square miles and article from a well. 3 amount borrowed from according to the census of 1921, its population another. is 2,542,535. aiw [kaQha] n bank, coast, shore. "maha tarag QTO't ~ [kathi darv~za) a gate in Srinagar, te kaQhE laga."-prdbha am 5. the capital of Kashmir. In olden times, it was ~ [kaQhI] See ~. 2 n decoction. "kaQhI made of fine wood. Guru Hargobind entered kuthar pIt bat hata."-toQi m 5. See g(5l"O. the city through this gate. "jaM huto kathi 3 adv on the bank, on the coast. "bIkh Qubda darvaja, kIyo pravei;> garib nIvaja."-GPs. kaQhI kaQhijE."-kcdI d m 4. 4 having taken ~ [kathivaQ] a division prevalent in the out. "kaQhI kharagu gurgIan k;:Jrara."-kdlI d olden times. It was the same for every horse. m4. If one hundred horse riders conquered a ~ [kaQhIal, aTilT [kaQhiJ, WmnIT<J territory, then without any regard for the rank, [kaQhiahI), ~ [kaQhiE] specially told. See it was equally divided according to the number ~4. 2 mentioned. "sevakseikaQhIa."-vdQ of saddles (horses). chat m 5.3 stated. "cahu jugi kaIIkali kaQhi." qrg [kathu] See woo -var sor m 3. 'The era of vice is regarded as w5' [kathE), or-5- [kathE] adv on the bank, on the most blemished one.' 4 is mentioned, is the shore. 2 aside, to one side. "kathE rahIgaIO stated. "sabh kIchu taka kadhiE."-asa m 5. ram. "-s kabir. "nanak asaku kaQhiE sad-hi rahE samaI."-var ~ [kaQ] Skt 'fi11l6 n bough. 2 trunk of a tree. asa m 2. 3 bamboo or sugarcane, between two joints. ~ [kaQhe] See aiw. 2 were mentioned. "ram, 4 reed. 5 section of a book. 6 chapter of a ham satIguru lale kadhe."--gau m 4. book as "ramaIIJ de satt kaQ". 7 group, cluster. ~ [kaIJ] n shortage, deficiency. 2 curve, slant. 8 water. 9 column. 10 occasion, chance. 3 reign. 4 obligation. 5 Skt one-eyed; blind of l! stone. 12 cluster of nerves. 13 adj bad, one eye. dull. Ci{T("!T [kaIJa] See ~ 5. 2 crow. Crows came to qiit [kaQi] n horoscope, which has twelve be known as ~ [kaIJa], because Indar's son parts. "gaIJI gaIJI jotIku kaQi kini."-ram am Jayant made the shape of a crow and with its 1. 2 branch ofVed. Skt Cfil-rr6cFl "veda ki kaQia beak pecked at Sita's foot which made her mE kaha tha."-JSBM. bleed. As a result, Ram Chandar pricked one Wil [kaQh] new proposal; deep-seated of his eyes with an arrow. In Sanskrit books, it utterance. See~. 2 See qrfu-. is also mentioned that a crow has one eye-

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ball, which rotates in both the eyes. But having caught a crow, we have actually ascertained the truth and found this concept as totally baseless. 3 Accepting righteousness and good behaviour as two eyes, Namdev holds that a person who lacks one ofthe two is one-eyed. "hfdu ana turku kal).a."-gSc;f namdev. The Hindus having abandoned both righteouness and good behaviour, are rendered blind, while the Muslims, having got woridlywise, have renounced righteousness and become oneeyed. Namdev said so, keeping in view the situation prevalent then. This context may also be confirmed from makke di gosat: "adhe kal)e dojki dojak parni jaI, kal)e da chaq sag til adhe nal na paI, nanak kalI VICC nIrmali gursIkkhi parvan, aganIt laghe ummatI sacc nam pardhan. lt is mentioned in slok 348 of Atri Simriti that a person having knowledge of Ved and Simriti has sight in both the eyes. Anyone, who lacks knowledge of one is one-eyed, and one deprived of both is blind. ~ [kal)I] n See ~ and Cf'O. "kal)I kaqhan te cukIpari."-asa m 5. "sIru dijE kal)I na kijE."-sava m 1. ~ [kal)u] See ~. QI3' [kat] A e~ adj which cuts. 2 See ar3t. knife. "kat nIkar hve bIdar;:ld katan lagyo." -GV 10.3 See~. aio [kat] Skt n husband. 2 moon. 3 saffron. 4 spring season. 5 adj beautiful, fascinating. 6 end of comfort. at3'<!' [katal)] See ~. 2 n cuttings of cloth, resulting from the planning of a garment. "kat;:ll) katre kat;:lrl)i."-BG. ar3(jT [katna] SktiJ:50 n spinning. "lnrdha V;:lstr k;:lryo jo kat."-GPs. ~ [katni] n small basket used fiJr keeping the spinning material and the spun yarn; one

who assists in spinning. "katni tularu sut jI pahi."-GPS. 'small basket, cotton and spun yarn.' ~ [katp;:lkhal)] Skt ~ n magnet, loadstone. See mr3m. ~ [katab] See isrf'3"l:l". Wffil" [kat;:lr] n a long cutting of cloth. 2 small thin piece of a broken earthen vessel children set to whirl with force on the surface of water which then Hoats there for a while. 3 Skt adj cowardly, timid. "sur te katar kur te cat;:lr." -cJc;fi 1. 41 T /Q" mule. 'Cil""3Q3T [katarta], q r 2Rl1il [katr;:ly] Skt cr31if n cowardice, timidity. "kat;:lrta kutvar buhan:." -krIs,m. ~ [katal] A (J~ adj murderer, killer. 2 a Rajput subcaste. ~ [kata] n Skt wife. 2 beautiful woman. ~ [katam;:lJ!I] Sec ~. qifu- [katI] Skt n beauty, loveliness. 2 wish. 3 brightness, lustre. ~ [katIb] A -?G' scribe, writer. C\T3t [katiJ Skt etM n scissors, shears. "se SIr kati munianI."--asa a Tn 1. 2 knife. "k;:llI kati raje kasai."-var majh m 1. ~ [katiJ See qTB. 2 kati has also been used in place ofkaci. "kasi katI puri duara."--maru so111e m 1. See czit:iT 2. 3 an ancient city of Nepal, known as Kantipur. Now it is called Kathmandu. 0fl3T 3br 'SI3'b1 [kati tis batisJ thirty or thirty-two scissors i.e. teeth and molars, which cut like scissors. "jse kati tis batis he VICI rakhE r;:Jsnil mas ratu keri."--g;)(J m 4_ O(ldJiIGjC'l [katyayan] adj born in sage Kat's subcaste; Kat. 2 n a sage from the pedigree ofVishvamitar, who formulated, house holdcum-marital maxims and general axioms. 3 son of Gobhil, who authored Grihyasangrah and Karmpradip. 4 Varruch Katyayan who

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explicated Panini 's aphorisms and wrote essays ~ [kad;}bri] SkI n cuckoo. 2 Sarasvati, to make up for their shortage. He lived in 4 th goddess of learning. 3 liquor prepared from century Be. Kadamb flower. According to Harivansh. a'dOll'G!?ll [katyay~mi] wife ofYagyavalkya, who Balram invented it. 4 a book authored by Van belonged to Kat subcaste. 2 The terrible form Bhatt having a mention of Kadambari, the Ourga adopted in order to kill Mahikhasur, was heroine. She was the daughter of Hans for the first time worshipped by Katyayan, Gandharav. See ~ 6. hence Ourga came to be known as Katyayani. Cl"'tfirn't [kadabIni] SkI n huge dark cloud 3 adj(female) belonging to Kat subcaste. floating like a flight of swans or herons in the a-rer [kath] See cmr. 2 See ci'Er. 3 See 'fEf. 4 mention, sky. 2 Sarasvati; goddess of learning. iterate. "akath kath kath."-kan m 4. ~ [kadrvey] SkI progeny ofKadru; snake. WEfT [ka tha] See ofcr, of'EfT. "cuna J supari See~. katha."-BG.2 story. "suni na jai sacu ;}mntu ~ [kadh], O(i'q [kadh] SkI wall 2 shoulder. katha."-asa m 5. "phate nakan tute kadhan. "-guj kabir. 3 S qrfu [kathI] narration. "gurumukhI akatho husband. kathI."-sri a m 1. 2 adj worth narrating, ~ [kan] near. "m;}tu dio han kan."-prabha worth mentioning. 3 having narrated, having m 4. 2 reed. "disahI dadhe kan jIU."-S kdbir. said. 'look like burnt reeds.' 3 reeds of weaver's warp. "duar upan jhIlkavahI kan."-gS<;i kdbir. ~ [kathuri] See ~ and ~. "kathuri ko gahaku aIO."-sar m 5. 4 Krishan. "gavahI gopia gavahI kan."-var asa. 5 See arc:, 0(Tfu- and afo. 6 arrow. "prem ~ [kadar] A .J)li omnipotent, all powerful. "so karta kadar karim."-var asa. 2 Numerous ke kan lage tan bhitan."-maru m 1. 7 P (;.I( poets have used kadar in place ofkatarto mean mine. 8 T (;.II; blood. a coward. ~ [kana] See O(TOT 4. ~ [kadra] A ~;li n tight dress, stringed 0l"C'iCW' [kankata] See O((')'O(CT. dress, long coat for men. Ol'(')g8H [kankubaj] SkI ~~ Kanauj city ~ [kadro] P J.J.t( v short for fu-~-B-, "kankubajisvar ko jInyo." -carItr 217. within him. 2 territory around Kanauj; Farrukhabad Ol't!iftldOl [kadacItakj Skt advrarely happening, district. 3 Kanaujia Brahman. In Ramayan the seldom. following reason is given for this name: arfua" [kadIr] See ~. Rajrikhi Kushnabh had one hundred ~1fuQ lj'::f~ [kadIr mutlIkj P Jk:Jli adj daughters from Ghritachi, the fairy. When the girls came ofage, god Varun, attracted by their omnipotent, all powerful. 'Ol"t!1' [kadil A J'li In Arabic J [zj is also beauty proposed to marry them, but the girls declined the proposal on the ground that they pronounced as ) [dj "kadi kuru bolI malu khaI."-dhana m 1. "vakhatu na paIo kadia." could not accept it without permission from their father. Enraged, Varun made them hunch-jdPU. OlllfoiiiS [kadivIq.j See ~ ~. backs. Kushnabh married those girls to king Brahm Outt. After marriage, their hunch ~ [kadab] Skt adjofKadamb tree. 2 n young one of a swan. 3 sugarcane. disappeared. These hunchbacked girls give the

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subcaste and the territory the name Kanyakubaj. Wi') 'Qij7)T [kan dhdrna] v listen attentively; lend a rapt ear. "kahIo na kanu dharE."-dev m 9. iX'OO [kandn] through ears. "gur updes sunIO ndhI kandn."-sar m 9.2 Skt n jungle, forest. ~ [kandne$] king of the forest. 2 deity of the jungle. 3 forest official. 4 dense forest, head of all forests. "basE kananesa."-datt. ~ l.pro ~ '3'0 Cll-flO [kan praman b tan kdman] sen drawing the bow so far that the right hand touches the ear i.e. 'fully-stretched' bow. Wi')ijT [kama], ~ [kanra] a rag, which according to singers has 18 variants-ddrbari, nayki, mudra, ka$Iki, vage$ri (vagi$Vdri), mt, kaphi, kolahdl, magdl, $yam, tak, nagdhvdnI, dQana, $ahana, suha, sughdr, hUSEni and jayjayatI. For information of the readers the form of ddrbari kanra is being put forth. It is $ardV sampurd:Q., rag of that asavdri i.e. there are six notes in arohi and seven notes in avrohi. In arohi, gadhar is weak, rI$dbh is the primary note and pacdm is secondary. nI$db claims proximity with pacam and rI$abh; gadhar, dhEVdt and nI$ad are flat, the remaining ones are pure notes. It is sung during the second quarter of the night. arohi - na $a I'd rna pa dha na $d. avrohi - $ddha na Pd ga md ra $a. In Guru Granth Sahib kamra is twenty eighth in order. ii(T7)T [kana] See cxrc:r. 2 Skt"CfiTU5 reed. Gk Kanna and Kanni. 3 one who avoids others due to some weakness of his own. "dVdrdn hdSdt ap hdhI kane."-gau kabir. 4 A e~ patient, contented. q'h'im [kanaphusi] ~ee ~. ~ [kanI] See ~ and ~. "jIh SImrdnI

nahi tuhI kanI. "--ram a kabir. 'C(lO't [kani] one-eyed female. 2 arrow. "je kdr Ik kani kdbI chorr."--GPs. See CX'('jT 2. 3 caustic remark, which pricks like an arrow. 4 through the ears. "han ke sat sundhu jdSU kani."-dhana m 4. 5 in the ears . "kani kt:iQdl gdii mohan ki mala."-gau a m 1. QTQ [kanu] reed. "jIuc;lav dadha kanu."-sri a m 1. 2 ear. See am "Q"0'?iT.. C(TQCit [kanugo] P ,:,._1;1'; petty revenue officer; one who verities the work done by a patvari, his junior. 2 See J:fTffi'l-e- ;3"~. ~ [kanunl A c'"{li n law. 2 rules and regulations governing the affairs of a state. 3 a stringed instrument, invented by Pyarsena singer descended from Tansen. Cl"Qi'\'t [kanuni] ad} who knows law. 2 legally. 3 stringed musical instrument. ~ t!T h [kanuvar.l da chabh] a large pond situated near Kanuvan village (district Gurdaspur). Numerous springs of water originate from this pond. Due to vegetation and dense forest, Sikhs in times of crisis used to assemble here and it used to serve as a wild fortress for the Khalsa. This extensive pond is closely related to the Sikh history. ~ [kane] See C(T(':iT. 2 pron to whom. "kdh6 Jr kane?"-rama v. Cl"Q [kanhl Krishan. See .~ 11. Cl"Q ft:fur [kanh sIgh] son ofBawa Binod Singh Tehan. See m:!T~~. 2 disciple ofGuru Gobind Singh. Once while he was plastering, due to his negligence a splash of plaster fell on the dress of the Guru.. Th(~ Guru ordered the Sikhs to slap him. Accordingly a number of Sikhs gave him slaps. The Guru asked them why so many people slapped him when he had asked them to slap him only once? The Sikhs replied that the Guru's orders should be obeyed by everyone. The Guru then asked each of them

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to offer his daughter to him. Now all of them kept mum. Ajab Singh ofKandhar offered his daughter. The Guru married herto Kanh Singh. His son Vasakha Singh was a man of great faith and valour. O('<;jfqGt' [kanhtnya] wife ofKrishan, Yamuna. "nil' b<lhE n<lhI kanhtnya." -krIS<ln. 2 women like Rukmani. 3 Radhika, Radha. 0(T<;j1f [kanh<lr] Krishan, Kanh. 'iit"<;jW [kanhra] kanra rag. See 0(T(');3T. 2 a musical instrument - kanun; "nad n<lphiri kanhre dDd<lbIu b<lje <lnek."-c<lrItr 108. ~ [kanha] ~lJ[ Kanh. 2 a well known devotee from Lahore. When Guru Arjan Dev was getting Guru Granth compiled, Kanha, Shah Hussain, Chhajju and Pilu, all the four holy men reached Amritsar and requested for the inclusion oftheir hymns. The Guru asked them to recite their hymns, Kanha recited, thus: "ohi re mE ohi re, jabu bed purana gaVE khoj<lt khoj m koi re, jako nar<ld sar<ld seVE seVE devi deva re, br<lhma VIsnu m<lhes <lradhE brde jaki seva re, k<lhI kanha m<lm <lS S<lrup <lpr;'}p<lr <l1<lkh <lbheva re." Pilu said: "<lsa nalB se bh<lle jo j<lmdIa hi mue, cIkk<lr pay n<l c;l.obIa na alud bh<le'." Chhajju recited: "kag<ld s~di putt<lli t<lU na tnya nIhar, y5hi mar lIjavsi j<ltha b<lloc<ln dhar." Shah Hussain said: "sajjl)B! bol<ln di jaI nahl. ;'}d<lr bah<lr Ikka sal, kIS nil akh su:r;ai', Ikko d IIb<lr s<lbh gh<ltI r<lVIa duja n<lhi bdal k<lhE husm ph<lkir nIma:r;a S<ltIguru t6b<l1I jai" Finding their hymns not in consonance with

his doctrine ofGurmat, the Guru did not include them in Guru Granth. Enraged Kanha cursed the Guru saying that he would die after lots of sufferings at the hands of his enemies. Disappointed all the four returned to Lahore. On his way back home, Kanha died due to a fall from his horse-driven carriage. ~ [kanyku<lr] Kanh (Krishan). 2 the Creator, the Supreme One. "kanyku<lr nIhbl;'}k."-s;wEye m 4 ke, O(iC'iOilg8H [kanykub<lj] See ";'JO(lA'(')""g-oS"""H. qrtf [kap] n a cutting, carving. 2 gum-like adhesive with which birds like nightingales are ensnared. ~ [kap<lhI] with whom. 2 cuts. C{Il.fG [kap<lt] Skt adj fraudulent, deceitful. ocitfor [kapna] Skt cfuo n trembling, shivering, vibrating. ocitro1' [kap<lni] n trembling, shivering, vibration. "ket<lk an kapni c<lc;l.hi."-CdrItr405, 'i5[1'l.fO [ka p<lr] See W-fflT. "b<lhu bhoj<ln kap<lr s;'\git." -sukl1m;:mi. ~ [kap<lrdi] See ~. "kap<lrdi ke k;'}th GCJrhE hE."~CdrItr 213. 'will mount on Shiv's head.' ~ [kap<lru], 0(TlS" [kap<lr] See 0(llN. "kap<lru t<lnI n<l suhavE."-g<lU cl1Jt m 3. "kapar chode C<lm<lr lie."-asa m 1. qTtf3t [kapriJ, ~ [kapria] Skt crtff'coc" adj (one) wearing tatters. "jogi bhogi kapri kIa bh<lV<lhI dIs;,\t<ln?"-asa <lm 1. "kaI k<lm;'}q<llu kapria re, <lths<lthI kaI phIrahi."-guj trIloc<ln. 2 In Rajputana and Bangar, Hindu bards are known by this name. 3 In Punjab, a caste of degenerate Brahmins, who improvise cups and plates from leaves and sweep temples for their living. ~ [kap<lru] See 0(l.S". "dhngu dhngu kap<lru ;'\gI C<lraIa."-bIla m 3. qt1.fT [kapa] See~. cut. 2 n a type of adhesive

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with which birds like nightingale are ensnared. ~ [kapalrk], C(I1..fTffi [kapali] Skt adj who holds a skull. 2 n Shaiv sect which bear skull for begging and consume liquor and meat. 3 Shiv, Mahadev. QTfl.r [kapr] adv having cut. "baelhan sagal kapI."-var guj 2, ill 5. 2 Skt some woman. 3 Skt ~ at some place. ~'ijFf [kapuras], ~Ol:f [kapurakh] Skt ~Sf11 n a low person. 2 useless, good for nothing. 3 cowardly, timid. 4 impotent. "jru kapurakh pucan: nari."-gelU ill 5. ~ [kat] A ..J(; n a mountain situated between the Black and the Caspian seas. In English it is known as Caucasus. 2 an imaginary mountain which in Sanskrit is known as Lokalok. According to Purans it encircles the whole world like a rampart. 3 a letter of the Arabic script. ~ [kaphar] A j( adj infidel, atheist. 2 thankless; ungrateful. 3 a race which originated from Kaferiya in Africa. 6( i iilfdlj'(') [karrstan] See crf~J131(). ~ [kaphla] A.J,;(; n caravan. ~ [kafrr] See~. 6(flildHd i (') [kaphrrsatan] Skt cm.rn- I Chitral, a territory lying between Afghanistan and Hindukush. It is sixty miles away from Kabul. Its population is 6,00,000. When Pathans embraced Islam, its inhabitants were opposed to it. Even now most of its inhabitants are idol worshippers. 2 a territory inhabited by the people of the Kafir race that originated from Kaferiya in Africa. ~ [kaphrla] See ~. ~ [kafi] A L;( adj frugal, thrifty. 2 n the Creator. 3 a ragini, which is heptatonic. It uses gaelhar (full tone and flat) and nI~ael is flat and all the remaining notes are full tone.
lIt is also known as ujjanak.

paeam is primary and ~araj is secondary. Its time ofsinging is the fourth quarter ofthe day. Some scholars call it elhamar. ascending- ~el rel ga mel pa elha na ~a. descending- ~Cl na elhCl pCl mCl ga ra ~a. In Guru Granth., kaphi does not exist separately but it has been used in combination with asa, trlag, suhi and maru. 4 L;G means a follower; that line of a stanza which acts as a refrain, after which are added other lines during singing and which is repeated time and again at the cadence. No specific category is assigned to this verse. Sufi hermits sing lovable verse known as orit [kafi] with the whole party repeating the leader's utterance. See a kafi of Miana Bakhash: mIthri p:m mar mem bhave, karl mClst avaz sunave, kEse git pClpiha gave, jhrill jhrm megh mCllare.... Here three lines are ofsixteen matras each. Last refrain (kafi) is of twelve matras. (b) In Punjab Bulhe Shah is also very famous for his Kafis These are in the form of eJpCli and ha've sixteen matras as in : uth jag ghurarc mar nahi,to es jClhano javegi, phIr kCielClm nCi ethe pavegi, Ih jobcln rup lutavegi, tU rClhrl).a VIce sasar nClhimuh ai bat na rahf eli hE, uh ~Jh Clsatho vakkh nahi, brn ~Jh to eluja kakkh nah~ par elekhCiJ) vali akkh nahi, rh jan pCli clukh sahfeli h.(c) Some people have mentioned tat5k metre as essential for kai but this is not correct as it has no specific metre, rather it is a way of singing. 5 a plant found in Arabia and Eygpt etc which bears fruit like solonum nigrum.

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These fruits are roasted and pulverised. This pulverised powder is boiled and used as tea; coffee. ~ [kaphial; o(i.lillGf(J [kafiyah] n endalliteration. ...j'J See f01:[TFf. ~ [kaphur] See ~. QT8" [kab] See ~. 2 T ",:",'J n flat plate of brass, platter. Wa" [kilb] crow. "jaI pahucahI khasam kau jau biCI na khahi kilb."-s kabir. The crow, here, stands for bad company. 2 kilbkhan also means interruption. Ol%lafe [kaban:tadI] O("-~-rfe". "kavan).adI bakhankE m;:}d baral). pad dehu."-sanama. 'At first say 0(" then H and followed by t to make
~ [kilbri] SkI chic? n "kabri pat;:}bar ke badIe uQhaiE."-BGK. "sakat kari kilbri."-s kabir. 'ot""81? [kabaI] See arfac;) and ~. ~ [kabIi] See orwIT. qimft [kilbli] n blanket. "krIsan OQhE kilbli." -mala namdev. ClI i s(\}1Gid [kabliyat] A ...::.;?:'J n ability, capability. 'O('I1lT [kaba] A / the most sacred place of the Muslims in Mecca city of Arabia, which was first ofall built by Adam. During the deluge of Noah, it crumbled and thereafter Ibrahim built it. Even after that, it crumbled and came up several times. Once Mohammad also laid its foundation. See~. Many idols were worshipped in it but Mohammad removed them. As it stands now, it was built by the emperor of Rome, Sultan Murad IV in 1040 AD. Its entrance is on the eastern side. This side is 33 yards in length. The western side is 31 yards, the northern 22 yards and the southern side 20 yards in length. Its height is

wk.' ot"8'dt [kabri],

35 feet. Its masonry work is of brown stone with lime, its plinth is two feet high and ceiling is flat. Its door is thrown open during special festivals only when pilgrims arrive, otherwise it remains closed. To the south-west corner of the building, a black stone [s;:}ge asvad] is inlaid at a height of 5 feet. Pilgrims kiss this stone. In the southern corner is another stone known as "ruknuiyaman". Pilgrims touch this stone with their right hand. Close to the door near the wall, there is deep place with a border of marble, where three persons can stand. The story goes that it is the same place where Ibrahim, along with Ismail, prayed to God. Around Kaba, there is an open space for circumambulation bordered by a beautiful boundry wall. Kaba remams covered with a black silken cover. Verses from Koran are written on it. 1 "gag banaras hfdua mussalmal).a macca kaba."-BG. "kaba ghat hi bhitari."-asa kabir. See~, ~<ft:r, HW
and~.

"kai kotI kabI kabI bIcarahr."-sukhmani. 2 in Kaba, towards Kaba. See CifI'aT. "nIvajE jhuke hE mana kabI kaji."-carItr 405. 'as if kazis are bowing to Kaba.' wfatr [kabIjJ A J'!'J adj who is the possessor. 2 n the material that impairs the movement of excreta in the intestines. ~ [kabIl] A J (j adj able, capable, competent. ~ [kabul] SkI cprr a rivulet mentioned in Rig Ved. After traversing Afghanistan, it joins river Sind near Atak. In the Persian language this rivulet is known as Kabul. Between this rivulet and Logar is situated Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan. It is at a distance of 181 miles from Peshawar. It is located 5780 feet above
0R'Jf.

Ol"fu [kabI] See

lAs a practice, this covering used to be imported from

Egypt but the king ofHajjaz has got it made from India.

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u u

z ....

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the sea-level. The king of Kabul is known as Amir. 1 While preaching his sermon, Guru Nanak Dev reached this city in Sammat 1576 and brought many people to the righteous path. "jahf kabul ko nagar suhava. tIs mah~E pravIse dukhbcln dava."~NP During the times of Guru Arjan Dev, Guru Hargobind and Guru Har Rai, Sikhism flourished in Kabul. At present there are numerous gurdwaras. ~ [kabuli] adj of or relating to Kabul. 'Wg'l'fta'or [kabulibeg] a commander of Shah lahan's army whom Guru Hargobind killed with a sword in the battle of Gurusar Mehraj. ~1? [kabulimall] a subedar of Lahore appointed by Ahmed Shah Abdali in 1762 AD. In 1765 AD Khalsa Dal captured Lahore from him. ~ [kabul T ..f.(; adjunder control, dependent. 2 n authority, command. ai'S'H [kaboj] adj of or relating to Kamboj territory. See mttr. crH [kam] Skt on-fwork. "utam uca sabad kam." -bCiSJt m 3. 2 Skt orrH (COf vr wish, desire) Kamdev, Eros. "kam krodh kCin 5dh."-d11Cina m 5. 3 desire, wish. "mukatIdayak kam." -japu. 4 concept, idea. "tIagahu man ke sogal kam. "-bCiS5t m 5. 5 Pradyuman, son of Krishan, who being incarnation ofKam, is given this name. "kampal anujan-ni adI bhaniji jacar kahIkE pun naIk pad dijiE satru sabad ko take 5t ucariE ho! sakal tupak ke nam sum5tr vicari." -SCinama. Kam (Pradyuman) is fostered by Balram, his younger brother is Anuj, Krishan's wife is
IThe present Amir (Amanullah) has assumed the title of
king.

Yamuna, grass is its produce, its grazer is the deer, its king being the lion, its enemy is the gun. 6 semen. "'til us nil dekhke us ka kam gIrIa."-JSBB. 7 adj attractive, heart-stealing. "kamnEn sOdar badan."--5211011. 8 useful. "avarI kaj terE kItE na karn."-asa m 5. 9 P (( n purpose, motive. 10 palate. Ci[T}f l?fl7iT [kam ana] v be useful. 2 lay down life for one's master. "kamsut ajsut ko ayo."-G3rItr 102. 'Dashrath's charioteer was killed in the battle. ' ~ [kam$astra] a systematic study of men and women, with regard to theirselves, virtues, sexual compatibility, types of sexual intercourse and rejuvenation oftheir bodies etc. Katyayan, Nandishvar and Vatasyayan are said to be authorities on the subject. 2 Kokshastar, a treatise on sex. ~ [kamhar] ad} lustful, lascivious. "mEgal jIu phasasI kamhar."--bCisJt 21 m 1. ~ [karnak] Skt '~1J:fC<' adj lustful with lust. "karnak matr kasire ke kaman."- VN. 'A sexual mantar is totally worthless.' ~ [kamkara] art of love; sexual desire. 2 art of love. See ~'. 3 wife of Kam-Rati. 4 per Tantarshastar, recitation of mantars for the fulfilment of one '5 desire. ~ [kamkari] Skt c~ n work done for the fulfilment of desire. "kamkari sabh tIagIkE hau S21ralfI paraugi."-sar m 5 pCirtal. ~ [kamkar] adj worker. "mE ap ka h6 kamkar."-sCi1011. WHCiIT [kamki] See (~it. 2 wife of Kam-Rati. ~ [kamkel], ~fu- [kamkelI] n sexual play, love-making, coitus. 2 adjdebauch, lewd. ~ [kamkadla] a harlot, who was adept in the teaching of music. Madhvanal, the musicologist, fell in love with her. For details, See CCiTItr 91 of Dasam Granth. ct"Hl:f.iJT [kamClkhya] See C(T)-fTS{t.

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~ffi' [kamgaheli] adj engrossed in sex.

"sunI sunI kamgahelie!"-sri m 3.

~ [kamgami] adj man of graceful gait.

2 self-willed. 3 woman ofgraceful gait. "gJrja kamgami."-caQi 2. <mfaTl"a' [kamgar] P .Jt( adj successful, intent on realising his purpose. a"lffa.ru [kamgnh] vagina, vulva. ~ [kamcari] adj self-willed; he who is intent on realising his wish. 2 n garur, a bird: vehicle of Vishnu. Cil"'J-A3'H7)T [kamcolna] lust-enhancing dress. 2 erotic dress. "kamcolna bhaIa hE purana."
-asa kdbir.
~ [kamacchIa] See ~.

[kamjham] See ~. ~ [kama!).] n singing praise of some deity for the fulfilment of desire; recitation of mantars. "kama!). tu!).e Jsia."-BG. 2 charm, spell. "gu!). kama!). kama!).I karE tau pure kau pavE."-tIlag m 1. 'ifa desirous woman recites a mantar of virtues. ' 3 SktCfiTPfuT according to Tantar Shastar adoption of magic spells for thrashing, wooing and taming etc. ~ [kama!).I] Skt cMHo9' n beautiful woman. "kama!).I kamI na avai khoti avgu!).Iar."-sri a
m 1.

[kama!).Iari] adj(a female) who performs magic spells. See qr}-f(!'. "bhuqikama!).I kama!).Ian".-bIla m 1. "kam!).Iari kama!). pae bahur;}gi galI taga." --':'VdQ m 1 dlah1)i. ~ [kam!).i] See ~. "SU!).I SU!).I meri kam!).i pan-utara hOI."-dhana m 1. ~ [kama!).u] See~. ~ [kamat] ..:Vu n physique, height. Q1l-/3g [kamtaru] See~. WHe' [kamad] adj who creates desire. 2 n the Creator. 'WJreT [kamda] adj who arouses desire. 2 n a

~[kama!).Ian], ~

goddess who was Ahiravan's favoured deity in the underworld. "dharyo dhyan ur kamad devi. "-tulsi. ~ [kamdar] an official. "kahu kamdar hOI baqo bIvhar hOI."-GPs. ~ [kamdari] n an official. ~ [kamdut] stimulus that arouses emotion. 2 spring season. ~ [kamdev] Rati's husband; God of love. SeeL Cupid. ~ [kamdhen], ~ [kamdhenu], ~ [kamdhm] per Purans a heavenly cow, that rose from the sea-churning. She is so known because she fulfils all desires. "anIk basudha anIk kamdhen."-sar d m 5. "kamdhenu sohi darbare."-maru solhe m 5. "kamdhEn baSI jake."-maru ravidas. In Kalika Puran there is a story that the daughter of Surbhi gave birth to Rohini, a daughter by Kashyap. In turn, Rohini gave birth to Kamdhenu from the semen of Sursen Vasu. Excited by her beauty a sensual demon adopted the form ofa bull and had intercourse with her with the result that a large sized bull was born who became Shiv's vehicle. 2 a cow named Kapila which provided the desired objects. It was handed over by Vishnu to Brahma who gave it to Bhrigu and he in turn entrusted it to the sage Jamdagni. When Kartiviry killed Jamdagni, it went back to Brahmlok. See <jU-f ~. ~ [kamna] Skt n wish, desire. 2 effort to change a wish into action. ~ [kamnarthi] Skt ~ adj lustful; desirous. 2 n Kamdev, incarnation of the god of sexual desire. Cil""Hfo [kamanI], qrH?ft [kamni] See ~ and ~. "kamanI cahE sudar bhog."-bdsatd m 1. CfTl-I1.f'"li5' [kampaI] Balbhadar. Balram who

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brought up Pardyuman in his lap. Pardyuman of Madhvanal. "kacuki kama kasi banaI." is described as the god of sexual desire. -carItr 91. 5 wish, desire. "kama brfd puri kari."-GPS. "japI puran kama." -bIha ch:'Jt ~ l)fQROi'il ~ ~ ~ [kampal cmujanni jacar naIk satru]-sallama. Balram the m5. rearer of Kam (Pardyuman); his younger ~ [kamaku$l Skt n Kam's goad, penis. brother, Krishan; his wife, Yamuna; grass ~ [kamak$i], qr}fll::fJIT [kamakhyal having beautiful eyes. 2 a temple for the worship of grown by her; the stag grazing the grass; its lord, the lion; and the lion's enemy, the gun. Sati's vagina, two miles west of Gauhati at ~[kambaxa$] J"',( adjgranterofwishes. Nilachal in Kamrup on the bank of Brahmputar 2 younger son ofAurangzeb, who was born in river. See FJ3T. 1667 AD and died in 1708 AD. ~ [kamatur] adj afflicted with erotic ~[kambaD] See~. 2 symbol indicative desire. 2 unhappy (sad) because of sexual of number five, because Kam has five arrows. desire. qtHfay [kamnpu] enemy of Kam-Shiv. QTl-fTO't [kamani] earned; put into practice. "IhE CifTl-RI't [kamri] blanket. "pis an piSI OqhI kamani ritI." --dhal1a m 5. kamri." -suhi m 5. QTHTH?i' [kamam;:ml 11 earn, practise, follow. ~ [kamru] short for ~. "kamaman ka matha."--maru m 5. 'is slow to follow (practice).' ~tr [kamrup] a district in Assam on the border of eastern Bangal and Bhutan, and its Ci(I}RJ3' [kamaratl adj afflicted by sexual desire. adjoining areas. The seat of goddess 2 troubled by sexual urge. Kamakhya is at this place. In ancient times, ~ [kamarthi] Skt 'fil1'~ adj having sexual this place was famous for magical practices desire. "kamarthi, suarthi vaki pEj savari." and rituals etc. Its chief town is Gauhati. 2 a -bIla sadlma. 2 who wishes the fulfilment of place ofpilgrimage in the land ofKamrup, the his desires. importance of which has been described in QTHTfu [kaman] ,enemy of Kam-Shiv. Kalika Puran. ~ [kamanj] enemy of Kam-Shiv; his sons, Ganesh and Kartiikey. ~ [kamrupi] adj who looks like Kam; very handsome. 2 one who can change his cmH [kamI] See WHt. "kamaDI dekhI kamI form according to his wish. lobhaIa." --pra.bha a m 1. 2 because of the sexual desire. "kann karodhI nagaru bahu iSl1lffi' [kamal] A J~ adj complete, faultless, excellent. 2 capable, worthy. bhana."--sohIla. 3 useful, in use. "naru marE ~ [kamlal See ~. naru kamI na avE. "--g5c;l kabir. ~ [kamli] blanket, shawl. wfHol [kammi] Skt beautiful woman. 2 wife, consort. "tajI kam kam:[ni moh tajE. "-var majh ~ [kamri] worker, servant. 2 a tribe of cobblers in Rajputana who in the garb of m4. Sadhus make their living by singing hymns, also ~ [kamInimohna] See ~. ~ [kamIl] See ~). named Kamri. a""W [kama] adj worker. 2 breadwinner. qrHt [kami] deficiency, shortage. "kahu nanak 3 Kamini, a beautiful woman. "ta samnahikam nahi tInI kami."-asa m 5.2 in work, on duty. ki kama."-carItr 296.4 Kamkandla, beloved "han tIS ki kami."-var maru 2 ill 5. 'The

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Creator helps in his works.' 3 desire. "tIagr sdgdl kami."-sar m 5 partal. 4 Skt ~ having desire. 5 affected by sexual longing. "kuCII kdthor bpdtI kami."-kan m 5. 6 A 1.5'( armed warrior; warrior with armour on. "kami adI ucarkl:: drI pdd ;'jt su dehu."-sanama. enemy of the armoured warrior, the gun. 7 S employee, official. CfT}j [kamu] See CifTH. "utam kamu japiE harInamu."-asa cl1{'}t m 4.2 sex, lust. "kamu krodhu dh;'jkaru tajae."-maru sollle m 5. ~ [kamuk] See ~. 2 n male sparrow. qT'l:foft [kamuki] Skt CXTJiC<T. adj desirous. 2 n black female buck. "kahu muag hVEkE bhali bhat mohe. kahu kamuki jayo dhare rup sohe."

-VN.
~ [kamodki] See ~.

Skt adj who fulfils desire. 2 what is desired. CfT"l-r.I' QIDf [kamy karam] n something done for fulfilling desire. a-rtif [kay] Skt n body, physique. 2 principal amount, capital. 3 group, gathering. ~ [kayau] body only. 2 in the body only. "kayau deva kayau deval."-dl1ana pipa. 'Wlil"F'El" [kayasth], 'Wl:ifEf [kayath] See ~. ~ [kayada] See ~. qTljfO [kayan] A J,( present, existent. 2 T J~ spouse's brother, brother-in-law. 3 See qrfug. ~ [kaydnat] A ..:..lr,( n plural of kayan, ul1lverse. a-rmf [kayam] See qrfu}f.. Q'Tl:ifij" [kayar] See arfEa...' ~ [kaydl] A J~ adj who utters; speaker. 2 he who agrees to. 3 kayal has been used for vyakul. "bahu kayal mam CIt hova."-GPS O(IGI~~ij [kayvyuh] n an act in Yoga by which deeds of many births (lives) can be accomplished merely by imagining them, thus

~[kamy]

saving one from rebirths. 2 having many forms through Yogic power. 0('TtijT [kaya] cxrW [kayal, Ww [kaya] See qrGj". "kaya lahdl)I apu mad."-var brha mardana. 'Body is clay for the distillery and pride is its wine.' ~ [kayIk] Skt adj pertaining to the body; corporeal. O(TO [kar] n work, action. P .1'( "jo tudhu bhaVE sai bhdli kar. "-japu. 2 adj doer, as in caramkar (cobbler), suvaral)kar (goldsmith), ~ [lohar] (ironsmith) etc; in such cases it is suffixed to the base word. It is used in the same manner in Persian as in ~ [minakar] (gold embroiderer) 3 n a deed worthdoing. "jItne jiaj;'jtu prabhu kine tItne SUI kar IIkhavE." -mala m 4.4 part ofearnings used for religious purposes; 1/IOth of income kept for noble deeds. "kar bhet gur ki SIkh lavahI."-GPS. 5 line. "dekE cauka kaq.hi kar."l-var asa. 6 per Tantar texts, a magical line drawn for protection. "cauguad hamarE ramkar dukh IdgE nd bhai."-brla m 5. 7 soot. "tIn ;'jtarI kar karitha."-gau m 4. See ~ mflor. 8 short for ~. "nd kam hE na krodh hE na lobh hE na kar he"-akal. 9 A ji depth of a river or a well; silt in a well or a tank. "khante kar su vahIr nikarhl"-GPS. 10 P A' war. "xasdm ra cu koro kunad vabt kar."-jafar. 11 T .J~ ice. 12 A black colour. 'O(TQ"J1 [karas] See ~. "je kardS ko laI vIsekhE."-GPS. ~ [karSapdl)] See ~. 'O(TQO(' [kardk] Skt adj doer. This word is particularly used as a suffix to other words, such as sukhkardk, dukhkarak. 2 n in grammar, declensions of a noun or a pronoun which denote (express) its relationship with the
I

Sage Atri writes that if the Iine is not drawn. the demons take away the essence of grains.

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verb. They (cases) are ofsix types: nominative, accusative, instrumental, dative, ablative and locative. Except the 6 th , all others are in order. l Example: (a) karta: gurmukh sIgh path karda hE. guru de sIkh ne ardas kiti. (b) karam: SIkkh nu prasad ehakaIa. (c) karal).: kalam nallIkho. (d) sampardan : mere lai ghora lIao. (e) apadan : grathi to pothi It: ao. (t) sabadh: babe kalu da putr jagatdeudhar hIt aIa. (g) locative: gurdvare VICe kirtan huda hE. ~ [karakdipak] See t!ttror (b). "a'Ti3" ~ [kar karitha] n black soot and hardness, ink and hardness. "manmukh hiara atI kathor hE, tInI atan kar karitha."-gclU m 4. 2 adj black; pitch-dark. ~ [karkun] P n servant, worker, manager. ~ [karkuni] n service. "han: namE ki ham kau satIguru karkuni dai."-varvac;1 m 4. qTQl:f [karakh], 'i:i{l'Ql:fT [karkha] n soot; black ink. ~ [karxana] P ,.;l,;,,'( n workshop; a place where work is done. ~ [karkhapal).], ~q [karakhIk] Skt "fiTlS1fqur and CfiTfifcp n an old coin made of gold or silver (weighing 16 mashas, a masha being equivalent to 5 rattis). 2 Bhai Santokh Singh has used karkhIk for rupaya. "maktab aI ek karkluk din kalu, kaehuk mIthai bat patia lIkhai hE."- NP ~ [kargah] P D~'( factory, workshop. 2 spinning shuttle. "kahIt kabir kargah tori." -asa. 3 weaver's weaving comb. ~ [kargar] P .h'( adj useful. 2 effective. C(ldilJt.l1d [karguzar] P ,,1;0'( adj who does or

J,(

'In the sixth declension, the inflection is relationaL so it is not a case. See ~~ (t).

completes ajob. ~m [kareobi] P ~~A( n floral patterns embroidered with golden thread. "tI1a kareobi lage lal hira." -saloh. 'C("IO'H [karaj] Skt (~Jf n work. "karaj sagle sadhe."-sor m 5. 2 result; consequence. C(idtlfH'fQ [karajsIddhI] c ~ [karajsidh] n success, achievell:1ent. "nam hamare karajsidh."-g5c;1 m 5. ~ [karzar] P ,,1),,'( n battle, war. 'C(Td"ij' [karaju] Se e Q"rotI. "karaju tera hOVE pura."-ranl -In 5. ~ [karal).] Skt n reason. "jInI karCll).I guru vIsarIa."-var vac;1 m 3. 2 adv for. "rotia karal).I purahI tal."-var asa. 3 n mode of work; provisions. "karat). kdrte vasI hE."-var majh m 2. "ape kdrta kdrdl). kdrae."-majh am 3. Scholars have categorised modes into two types, first nImI tt, that is, as a weaver ofcloth, weaving frame, shuttle etc; the second is upadan, that is, material like thread of cloth, clay of pitcher. C( 'daf.la1a [kardl).~Clrir] Skt n state of the body's transcendence, eternal bliss, when the senses lose their functions but only the ego stays to assert itselffrom which the soul gets a feeling of relief. Vedantists regard ignorance as transcendence or bliss. C(ldC!c(dC! [kardl).karcn).], 'C(Tdc!Ci(d~1 [karal).kart).eu] See 'O(O<fO[T'd"~. 2 doer of every thing. "karal).karalQ. karim." -ram m 5. Ci(ldC!dl'i [karCll).tCln] See Ci('d<:':8a1d. W~ [kar;')l).mala] It is a mode of expression, a way of describing how action results from cause, and their interaction. As a mode it is also termed hetumala or "gupha". Example: "Sul).Ia manIa manI kita bhau at;')rgatI tirath mall nau." -japu.

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'Hearing is a cause for agreeing, agreeing for engagement into thinking, thinking is a reason for assertion.' "seva te man namr hUE, namr rIde vas nam. nam SImar kar gyan hVE, gyan mok~ ko dham." orraf.!' [karaDI] due to, because of. See ~. ~ [karaDIare] adjwarrior-like. See~. "utthe karaDIare rakhas h;:Jrh;:JraI."--cJQi 3. 2 those causing disturbance. ~ [kar;:JDu] See ~. ~ [karDe] adv due to. ~ [karDey] adj worthy of getting done. ~ [kart;:Jk] See ~. ~ [kartakIani] See O('ljfafo(l')jTol. O(laa&G1 [kar;:Jtkey] See O('ljfa&Gl. ~IJI' [karatviray] See HiJfj8 1Q. ~ [kar;:JtIk] Ski ~ n month of Kattak; fuilmoon in the month of Kattak. O(iaf::sfC(1)fI'f'fl' [kartIkIani] n wife of Kartikay; power of lord Kartrik. O(lafaalJl' [kartIkey] Ski son of Shiv. See 'I:S'?i?). It is written in Brahmvaivarat that during sexual intercourse with Parvati, Shiv's semen fell on the earth, the earth put it in the fire, the fire deposited it in the bushes of the elephant-grass (reeds). From this was born his six headed son, whom the moon's wife breastfed. Thus he came to be known by this name. He was born to kill Tarkasur. He is warrior among gods. Kartikey has been called Tarkari as well. O(lafaaGlfU3' [kartIkeypIt] Shiv. CirT'd"~"J:r [kartus] F cartouche, I Pg orrd"~F.f. E cartridge. n pipe made of paper or metal which contains explosive powder and is fired from a gun. ~ [kardarJ P n servant, worker. 2 xa wooden spade or implement for collecting garbage. See 1:fTm'T ~ <1'#
IFreneh Generals brought this word to Punjab..

[karan] See ~. "maIa kar;:Jn bIdIa becahu."-prCJbha kCJbir. 'sells education for money.' 2 mode of work. "karan b;:Jpura kIa karE j;:JU ram na k;:JrE sahaI."-s kabir. 'Man is just a tool for action, what can he do?' 'iiP"d"i'i'~ [kar;:Jnkaran] See 0(Q~(f. "karankar;:Jn hi ha."-asa ill 5. ~ [karanI] See orraf.!'. ~ [kame] See ~. "b;:JlI b;:JII jau ramaia karne."-dhana rCJvidas. orrd'8"'d' [karbar] P Al( n business, exchange. O(iaalJl [karbari] ~dj worker, servant: 2 n manager, organiser. ~ [karm;:JDa] v agree to get some work done. orraw [karma] See cM'I?w. "karma haran kaj sadhan karat tum."-krIsan. "lagyo nIses;:JhI karma tan ek."-parCJs. 'The moon has its black spot.' ~ [karmadI] short for karmuk; bow etc. "karmad I krur kJC tutt hE." -paras. CiRJlfor [karmuk], ~ [karma] Ski ~ n which is capable of killing an enemy; bow and arrow, especially one made of bamboo. "~ri satIguru kar karmuk thue darici bic."-GPS. "bISIkkh karma kase."-cJQi 2. 'pulled arrow in the bow.' ~ [karay 1 See CX'<l'R. O(laa~lel [kararavai] P Jly.I( n effort, plan. 2 readiness for work. ~ [karval, ~ [karvan] P UIJ.I( n group of travellers. E caravan. ~ [karvI] See~. 2 blue lotus-the night queen. ~ [karvi] adj bitter. 2 Skl"i.f\RCfr green gourd. 3 fennel. 4 Ski Cf)Cfi pitcher. "kaIa kaci karvi." -s kCJbir. See 0<g">fT. ~ [karvel] See ~. 'O(TdT [kara] n disturbance. See ~. "kara karyo hamhu sag bhara."-GPS. 2 adj black. "tISU
0(T\j(')

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hClICltI pClICltI mukh kara."-suhi m 4.. 3 Skt n bondage, imprisonment. 4 pain, misery. "kara tujhE nCl vIapCli."-bav;m. 5 female messenger or go-between. ~ [karagClr], ~<J [karagnh] Skt n prison. ~ [karavas] Skt n imprisonment, living in confinement. 2 gaol, prison. [kan] See~. 2 n action, tradition, method. "jIna karI nCl ai."-SOiva m 5. 3 effective, efficacious. "gur ki matI jiCl ai kan."-gCluCI m 1. ~ [kanka] Skt n couplet with a few words but suggesting profound meanings. 2 explanation of a mantar in verse. 3 wife of an actor in a play. ~ [karfQClv] See ~. mt!"'" [karfdal P e-'.J( n servant, official, employee. ~ [kari] n an act. "SCltIguru phurmaIa kari ehu kClrehu."-var bIha in 3. 2 treatment. "vEd kI ja.!).E kari?"-maru m 1. "satClhu Iha batavClhu kari?"-sor m 5. 3 goddess Kali. "s;'ighar dCli rCln kari."-c;}c;li 2. 4 Kali Nag which was taken out of river Jamuna by Krishan. "pran QClSE jClb kari." -krxsan. 5 line. "kari kClQhi ba thiE?" -var sri m 1. 6 adj black, pitch-dark. "kajClrkoth mah:r bhai na kari."-asa m 5. 7 SktCfilft;:r~ adjdoer. '''klJkr~t pranasankari."-hCljare 10. "atari sabad raVIa gu.!).kari. "-ram CI m 1. 8 doer of a deed; chief, head. "satu satokhu nagar mahI kari. "-maru solhe m 1. 9 P J.J( effective, efficacious. 10 deep, profound. "t;m sr:m jari bhayO jakham kari." -salah. 11 A J.J~ reader. 12 Koran's meticulous reader. CRitara' [karig;:;r] P L( n artisan; craftsman. Olleldlel [karigari] P Jh( n artisanship craftsmanship. ~ [karu] Skt n craftsman; manual worker.

2 See
qrgi"jj'f

CX'Q.

[karunyJ Skt 'F~:r n gratefulness. ~ [karu], (:fIif [karii] A U'.J~ Korah, son of Izhar ofIsraeil who was a wealthy man in Egypt but was the head of misers. This has been described in Koran also. See ~1J03"29, ayat 38 and sura,t 28 ayat 76-82. He was cousin of Moses. It is WI' itt-en in Talmud, the holy book of Jews, that the keys of Karu's treasure weighed 300 mule loads. Intoxicated by his wealth, he did not carry out the orders of Moses nor paid any religious offering. Due to a curse from Moses, Karu got buried under the earth, allong with his treasures. I Bhai Santokh Singh and many other historians have wrongly described Karun as king of RonH';. "rum valaIt jaha mahana. pat~ah karll tIh thana ... tIn ko sukh dene ke heta. pur pravI~e vedikulketa. karii ker durClg jClhf bhari. tI s ke bEthe ja I agari." .. --NP uttClrarCldh d 16. Nasihatnama (word ofadvice) has been written in the context of Karun. "sun sri nanak gIra ucari. den nasihat sabh sukh karL" -tIi;}g m 1
'Croesus, the king ofLidia (Asia minor), who ruled between 560- 546 BC is also known as Karu. He was a very rich man, and due to his influence many wise persons came to him, one of them being Solon, who was a great sage. Croesus asked him. "Who is happy in the world?" Solon replied, "He who spends his last days in happiness". When the emperor of Persia conquered and captured Croesus and he was going to be killed, he remembered the advice of Solon and thrice uttered his name. On being asked the reason, he narrated the whole story and the emperor of Persia set him free.

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kicE neknami jo devE khudaI. jo disE zImi par so hosi fanaI.. cali gaj jore na rakhIo iman. dekho re karii! ju hate pare$an." -NP uttararadh a 16. When Guru Nanak was travelling abroad, king Salim Khan I was on the throne. ~ [karura] A uvli n bottle. 2 urine; so named because it is carried to the physician in a bottle. ~ [kare] in work. 2 black. "kare ubhe jat."-s kabir. 'Thieves wearing black clothes got up. ' Wearing black clothes, a thief is not visible at night. ~ [karE] in work. 2 in service. "gun karE laia."-var sor m 4. a-ra- [karol adj black. 2 See Ci/"W. ~ [karor] relating to one crore (ten million) 2 belonging to Kotlehar. See wBt l:PO. "su karor raya."-VN. qrij!ir [karaQ], qrij!~ [karaQav] Skt cfiT<:1J5"Q n aquatic bird of the swan species; longnecked duck. "has karaQav min khag nana." -salah. ~ [karha] n ~ decoction. 2 worry, mental tension (pain) "karha sada rahE man mahi." -GPS. ~ [kall n time. "han SImrat katE so kaI." -bIla m 5. See~. 2 death. "kal kE phasI sakat saru sadhIa."-asa m 5.3 Yam, the god of death. 4 starvation, famine. "kal gavaIa kartE apI."-mala m 5. 5 Shiv, the universal destroyer; he, who destroys the whole world. "kal knpalu hIyE na cItaryo."-SdVE'ye 33. 6 shOli for kalas; ink. "kal matI lagi."--sri beni. 7 adj black, pitch-dark. "nfdak ke mukh hoe kal."-bIla m 5. 8 n time of birth; birth. "kal bIkal sabadI bhae nas."-bIla am 1. 'The cycle ofbilih and death became irrelevant due to the Guru's teachings. 9 tomorrow. "jo UpjIO

so bInas hE paro ajuke kal."-sm 9. day before or yesterday or after tomorrow, today or tomorrow or yesterday; sooner or later. 10 iron. 11 planet Saturn. 12 Shiv. 13 cuckoo. 14 grammatical tense: present-I study; pastI studied, future-I will study. OI'l'Sfel [kalf di] See "OI"ffi-et. 'OI"m1 [kalas] n black colour, smut. 2 dirt; impurity. 3 blemish. ~ [kalsenl, ~ [kalsEl).] a Surajvanshi king. From the text of Vachitar Natak it appears that these kings were chiefs ofVedi, and Sodhi dynasties. "kalsEl). pnthme bhayo bhupa.... kalketu dusar bhua bhayo. krurbaras tisar jag thayo... kaldhvaj caturath nnp SOhE... kalketu 3ru kalray bhan. jIn te bhaye putr ghar angan."-VN a 2. ~ [kalak] n black soot, smut. "nm ki kalak bical dekh."-carItr 94.2 blemish, sin. 3 black spot; stain. 4 adjlord oftime (death). OIIl'SOIiild [kalkavar], OIIl'SOI~M [kalkaval] Universal Time that subsumes all micro times. See~. Wl'S'OIT [kalka] See ~. 2 ink. 0I1l'S0I10I1l'S [kalkakall, ~ [kalkal] death of all (supreme destoyer) "kal ka kal nIrajanu jacna."-savE'ye m 4 ke. "nama kal kale." -japu. ~G [kalkutl, ~3' [kalkutl See ~l-@'G. 2 one that incinerates even death; poison, because it is a symbol of death. ~ [kalketu] See ~. OIIl'Scffc')l)fT [kalkama], WMOf?iJlT [kalkanya] n Jara, daughter of the god of death; old age. "maha sudri kaIa kalk;'jnIa graste." -sahas m 5. 2 See ~. ~tr"i'i" [kalknpan] n one whose sword spells death; the supreme destoyer. "kalknpan! bIna bInti na tau tum ko prabhu nEk njhEhO."-VN. OI'l'SFC3:Gt' [kalknya] n wheel of time, time's

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movement. "kalknya Esi tab bhai."-VN. ~ [kalatI'] See i5fl?:I. "sut pIto sagal kalatr ~ [kalk$ep] Skt n passing time, spending mata."-sl'i no 1. time; letting moments trickle. ~t!id1ft [kaltI'EdaI'sil See fi16('Mdlil "knpa ~ [kalakh] See ~. "namhin kalakh sidhu kaltn:darsi."-hajare 10. mukhI maIa."-asa m 4. "kal;~kh dag IdgaL" ClIMe'~' [kaldara] dleath's jaw, See ~ and -saveye m 3. 2 stigma. Wi'it. ~ [kaldgy] n astrologer, who knows about ~ [kaldEt] death in a demon's guise. "kaldEt time. 2 wise man who grasps the challenge saghare jdmpun gae."-basat m 4. 6l"'l'rgH [kaldhu:j]' 6(T~)IFr [kaldhvdj] See~. posed by time. 3 cock, rooster. ~ [kalgI'ds], 6('Md]R3[kalgrasat] adj in the ~ [kaldm] adj which causes death. "jdgupjavdnI palanI kaldJl1I.'''-NP. grip of time/death. 2 swallowed by time. (death) "kalgras sasaI'."-sal' m .5. "kalgrasat Cl'MQA' [kalnuja] younger sister of Kal, Yamuna.-sanama. sabh 10k SIane uthI paQIt pE cale nIrasa." -SOl' kabir. 3 entangled in the confusion ofgood 0(T(ii)tfi..r [kalnemIl, 0(1(",~ [kalnemu] maternal uncle ofRavan who wanted to stop Hanuman and bad times. from bringing the reviviing herb. Hanuman CX"'l?tf [kalaj] n Yudhishtar-the elldest among the Pandav brothers. Being the son of the god of killed him. 2 a demon who was son of Hirnaykashipu. He had one hundred hands death, he gets this name. "kallaj dhaI'maj and as many faces (heads). He captured $alyanpu."-sanama. See qrfu-;::r. Pa bllack wild heaven andexpeliled gods. He was killed by cock. Vishnu, later wbom as Kans. "rdkdtbij kalnemu a"'Mtllfc'i [kaljaman], ~ [kaljamun], ~ bIdaI'e."-gau a m 1. [kaljaman] Skt son of the sage Gargay, from the womb of Gopali, the fairy. He was a 0('l"(ii)t.f'T [kalpaI] with the passage of time. 2 by the divine dictum; per the Creator's order. dark-coloured Greek king l and was fast "kal paI bI'dhma bdPU dhaI'a."-c.Jpai. friend of Jarasandh. To help Jarasandh, Kalyaman invaded Mathura to kill Krishan, ~ [kalpIta] the sun, father of the god of death.-sanama. but the latter fled before him. Kalyaman chased him for a long distance. Krishan got 0('I'(II)l.ft [kalpi] a major town of a tehsil of district Jalaun in V.P. Its crystallised sugar has been into a cave in which the royal sage rated very high by the ancient poets. "sahIr Muchkund was asleep. Krishan put his kalpi mahI basat te."--carrtr 3. "maya yahI cloak on him and hid himself. Thinking him kalpi ki mI$ri ko kuja."-devrdas. to be Krishan, Kalyaman kicked Muchkund. On this, Muchkund's eyes opened and Q11i5'Y~ [kalpurakh] n messenger of the god of death. "kalpurakh ka maI'dE man."-bhel' Kalyaman was reduced to ashes. See lj''tfCif"i:. kabil'. 2 short for dkalpuI'dkh; god. "kalpuI'dkh "jdI'asadhI kaljdmun saghaI'e."-gau a m 1. ki kari baQai. "-paras. "jag darayad kaljaman."-kl'rsan. 'CfI'l?t:{lf"<!" [kalpram,w] measure of time, thus C(T'MRTH' [kaljal] n noose of time (death) "kaljal described in Vishnupuran. jam johI na sakE."-vaq chat m 3. The time taken to utter a monosyllable is 6('Mea 'al [kaljhaI'al)i] See -a-<J~l nIme$; it is one wink of the eye. 'Doctor Spooner writes of him as a king of Persia.

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15 nIme$eS make one ka$tha. 30 ka$thas make one kala. 20 ka1as make one muhurat. 60 muhurats make one day and night. 15 days and nights make one pak$ or moon's phase. 2 pak$es make one month. 2 months make one rItu. 6 months make one ayan. 2 ayans make one year. Amarkosh writes: 18 nIme$eS make one ka$tha. 30 ka$thas make one kala. 30 ka1as make one k$al).. 12 k$al).S make one muhurat. 30 muhurats make one day and night (ahoratr)l. 15 ahoratrs make one pak$. 2 pak~es make one month. 2 months make one rIto (season). 3 rItus make one ayan. 2 ayans make one year. According to Jyotish Prabhakar: 15 nIme$eS make one VIsa. 15 VIsas make one casa. 3 casas make one pal. 60 pals make one ghari. 8 gharis make one pEhar: 8 pEhars or 60 ghari make one day and night. Nowadays, time is divided like this: 60 seconds make one minute. 60 minutes make one hour. 3 hours make one pEhar (watch). 8 pEhars (24 hours) make one day and
'Hindus and Sikhs consider day and night as time between - one sunrise and the next. Muslims take them as extending from one evening to the next evening, whereas the Christians imagine them from one mid night to the next midnight.

night.2 See CXC?l..f and 1!JdT. ~ [ka1phas] noose of death. "ka1phas jab gar mE me1i."-maru m 9. ~[kaIab] A"')I; n mould. 2 body, physique, mortal frame. ClIl')faClIl') [kaIbIkaI] birth and death. See ~ 8
and~.
~ [kaIbud], ~ [kalbut]

P .J( ( n mould, frame, figure. "kalbut ki hastani man baura re."-gau kabir. For trapping an elephant the figure of a female elephant is made and installed in a deep pit covered with grass. On seeing it, the male elephant is attracted towards it and falls into the pit. 2 body. ~ [kaIbhas] Skt Ci(l');jlIA n light before sunrise. "kI kh;:i kaIbhas;:i."-datt. 'Datt is respledent like the morning light.' ~ [ka1maki], CXTIDfTl:IT [kalmakhi], arIDfTST [kalmachal, ~ [kalmachi] adjresident of Kalmas. "ka1makhi chubhe chatradhari."
2The present day scholars thus formulate day, night and year. The earth rotates round its axis and also revolves round the sun. The time taken by it to complete one rotation about its axis is called day and night. Thus time is divided into 24 hours and each hour into sixty minutes and each minute is further divided into as many seconds. Earth completes one revolution around the sun exactly in 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds. So the full year should be of this much duration. But this being an incomplete number, a year is taken to be of365 days and every 4 th year is thought to have 366 days. The excess in minutes and seconds can thus be accounted for. At no place is there the same time all over the world. When there is day in countries of the east, there is night in those of the west. Similarly, when there is day in the western countries, it is night in their eastern counterparts. In the polar regions of north and south, day and night last for many months, the reason being that at these places, the sun shines for a longer period and at other times it remains set for as much duration.

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-kdlki. See C:('ffi-fTCif. [kalmukha] adj whose face has been blackened with soot. "tau kalmukha uth1 jahi."-sar m 5. ~ [kalyaman], O(IMl1I~(,) [kalyavan] See
~
0(TMffif<').

See O('MO. "kalar bhit gniE."-bIla m 5. 2 nitre, which is drawn from the saline land. "kalar ladas1 sar lagh]).au, labh na puji sath." -var maru 1 m 1. 'Nitre dissolves in water.' C1iM~l're [kalra1] See ~. ~ [kalratn] Skt n night of death. 2 dark night. 3 calamitous night. 4 night oflighted lamps (Diwali) Kattak Badi 30.5 Kali goddess; Kalika. 0(TMijT{jf [kalray] See ~. 'CI"M'fa" [kalan] in saline lanel. "kalan bijas1 durmat1 Esi."-mala am 1. 'Seed does not sprout in saline land.' Sowing seed there means putting charity in an undeserving box. WM3T [kalra], 0(T'I');ft [kalri] adjblack; dark, pitchdark. Cf"MT [kala] adj dark., black. 2 blemished, accused. 3 n thief, who puts on black clothes at night. "kaIIa kale v;'}n."-var suhi m 1. 4 See ~. 5 a person from the hills who became a devotee of Guru Arjan Dev, and turned very pious. 6 Dg lunatic, obstinate. 'C(TMT mfc!' [kala hara]).] licentious young man. "tu SU]).1 harl).a kaIIa! ki VariE rata?"-asa chat m1. 'C(TMT 1fTO [kala xan] ruler of Peshawar who, on the orders of emperor Shah lahan, went to capture the sixth Guru and met with his death at the hands of the latter. See (J1~n:R'~. 2 a Pathan, heading one hundred and twenty five soldiers who, during the battle ofBhangani, did not want to desert the tenth Guru as did his disloyal companions. See '"~. Cl"'M"ORf [kalagar] Dg n opium, black poison. ~ [kalatar] Skt n some other time. 2 time

a"'ffif [kalar]

preceding after biirth. 3 adj which happens at other time. C1IWOH'eiH ~ [kalanujais astr] Yamuna, the younger sister of Kal (go"d of death), her master Varun, and his weapon, the noose. ~ [kalapa]).i] the sea whose water looks. black. The sea nearAndamanand Nicobar islands looks very clark, hence the name. 2 Indian criminals, who, when sentenced to exile from their native country, were sent to these islands. For this reason, exile is aJ:so called Kalapani. C1'WS'dl [kalabag] n a small cantonment in district Hazara, situated on the road between Ebtabad and MUlTi. 2 a Itown in Isakhel tehsil ofdistrict Mianvali, situated on the right bank of river Sindh. Large quantity of yellow alum is extracted at this place, for use in many medicines. ~ [kalayudh] sword, the weapon of the ~od ofdeath I(double edged sword) "karikaratak kastnpu kalayudh karvar; karacol knpan ke lijahu nam sudhar."'.-:sanama. 2 weapon of Yam (death), noose.-sanama. ~ [kalalekh] vilifYing writing; a writing in which the blame is put on others. "je tu akallatiph kale lIkh na lekh."-s farid. 'Don't write against others, when you, yoursellfoverflow with vices.' 2 evil deeds which may bring bad luck. 'C(Tfi;r [kaII] because of d,eath. "sabh badhi jam kalI."-vaq chat m 3. "jab lagu kal1 grasi nahi ka1a."-bhE'T kabir. ~ [kaIIk] n dark colour, soot, black ink. 2 Skt adjtemporal, rdatl~d to time. See crn'to 2. ~ [kal1ka] Skt n black colour, soot. 2 darkcoloured goddess; goddess Kali. 3 dark clouds full of rain. 4 a small song bird. 5 power of the god ofdeath to destroy the whole world; power to destroy. ~ [kaIIkh] n soot, black ink. 2 black spot, blemish.

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~ [kalrj] E College. n institute of higher

learning (education). ~ [kalfj;:Jr] See Cil"ffi;:ro and ~. ~ [kalrtr], ~ [kalrtri] See ~. ~ [kalfd] adj related to the Kalind mountain. c(lfMiH [kalrdas] the great Sanskrit poet who was born at Singigoda Panchthupi in district Murshidabad in Bengal region. It is difficult to ascertain his time; many scholars have described him as having been born in the 5th century AD or as some believe his birth, even before that. Poetry of Kalidas is very captivating. It is not wrong to call him the greatest poet of India. Shakuntla, Kumarsambhav, Naloday, Malvikaganimitar, Raghuvansh, Meghdut, Vikrammovarshiya are his celebrated compositions. Those who have read these can appreciate the exceptional brilliance of his mind. In Dasam Granth, Kalidas has been described as the incarnation of Brahma. "Ih br;:Jhm vednIdhan d;:Js-;:Jst ~;astr;:J pr;:Jman. k;:Jr kaii das;:Jvtar. r;:Jghukavy kin sudhar."-braham. 2 There have been several other Sanskrit poets too with this name. ~l [kalfdi], ~t;"qr [kalfdr;:Jka], qrffit;"T [kalfdri] river Yamuna (Jamna) starting from the Kalind mountain. 2 daughter ofKalind (the sun). In ancient writings (Purans) Jamuna has been shown as the sun's daughter. "kalfdri t;:Jt k;:Jre vIlasa."-VN. "kalfdri t;:Jt S;:JtIgUru bqhe s;:Jr;:Jb sunar."-NP. ~ l')f'(i'N 3QH [kalfdri ;:Jnuj t;:Jnuj] Dharamraj (god of death), younger brother of Yamuna, his son Yudhishtar. -sanama. ~ [kaIIb] See ~. ~ [kaIIma] ~ n darkness, black ink dark colour, soot. 2 hair dye. "g;:Ji VE t;:Jrun db t;:Jruni n;:J neh k;:JrE t;:Jrni bEt;:Jrni ;)t;:Jrni ;:Jgam g;)n, r;:Jhi hE I1d baki ;:Jb naj;:Jr jubaki baki.

r;:JsI kS;:Jbha me bEth rasna to cahe m;)n. bite dIn ji ke;:Jb ;:Jv;:JdhI I1djike r;:Jhi ujre bhaye hE kes ujre bi~a ke bh;)n kal ki bali pE mukhk;}j ki bli pE SaSI;}~U avli pE ab lipE kaIIma ko bn?" 3 black spot, blemish. ~ [kali] n black goddess, KaJika. "c;}di d;:Jyo VI dar, srol). pan kali k;:Jryo."-caQi 1.2 a river rising from the Himalayan mountain. 3 name of a cannon of the tenth Guru. 4 a serpent which was taken out of Jamuna river by Krishan; Kaliy. "kali I1dthI kIa v;:Jc;la bh;:JIa." -asa ill 1. 5 tomorrow. "m;:Jt jal).;:Jhu aj kI kali." -dhana ill 4. 6 adj black, with black spot. "kali kOII tu kIt gunI kali."-suhi farid. 7 blemished, polluted. "kali hoia dehuri."-sava ill 1. "c;:Jhu jugi kalI kali kac;lhi."-var sor ill 3. 8 short for qrffio [kalin] like s;:Jmkali instead of s;:Jmkalin. See ~ 2. 9 Dg opium, cannabis. 10 age when the hair is black (young age) "kali jInhi n;:J raVIa dh;:Juli raVE kor."-s farid. ~ lkalia] adj killer, murderer. "S;}t kalia dh;:JratI bIdar;:Ju."-gsQ ill 5. 'I destroy the saint's killer from this earth.' ~ [kalica] See ~. ~ ~ [kali d;:Jh] spot in the Jamuna where Krishan tamed the black serpent. C1IMliH [kalidas] See Cl'FM'H. 'CI'ffit:rra" [kalidhar] deep current; pure and deep water that looks dark. "buc;le kalidhar." -skabir. ~ [kalin] T n carpet, soft bedding of cotton. 2 Skt qrffio adj temporal as s;:Jmkalin l (contemporary). C1IMli'ltllnrr [kalinathia], ~ [kalinag], ~ [kalinath] Krishan, the nose-chainer ofKalia,

Ju

'Per Sanskrit rules, this is a wrong term; grammatically its correct version should be samkalIk, but carried away by tradition, scholars keep using it wrongly.

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chipe ragrez je nhavEya paptal ke, the black serpent; a huge serpent residing in patvE P2Jtoli leori kunbi madari brfd Yamuna whom Krishan chained by the nose. nnttak malech puj khate jiv palke, See ~- 4. cuhre carnar curhere J khatik Qurn ~ [kalipo~] adj wearer of black robes. Qurnre halalkhor bhil bUQhe balke, 2 n an order of ascetics who wear black robes kesarinIhal kalucad ke dulare bIna (as a sign of eternal mourning). "kalipos tare kJn sare nie bic kalukal ke. kaladra."-BG. ~ [kalu] See arl? "kalu na CapE hangul). ~ [kalunath] an ascetic ofvillage Nathana in Ferozepur, who on becoming a disciple of gaI."-oakar.2 See~. 3 yesterday; the day that has passed. "chInu chInu kan gaIo kalu Guru Hargobind, got worthy of salvation. This place is popular in the Malwa region. See foaror. tEse jatu aju hE.-jeja m 9. ~ [kalukh] See Ci!C2l:f, C{l'C?l'T and ~Fo. 2 See~ 4. ~ [kalu] See ~ "8lCfT. 2 a disciple of Guru ~ [kalub] P ,...-}( n body. 2 A ....-,&. plural is kalab (h~lart). 3 A ",:,,& turncoat; he who Nanak Dev who served him at Kartarpur. 3 a resident of Sultanpur ofBamni subcaste who is not firm on what he says. "kalubI akal manI was a devoted disciple of Guru A~jan Dev. 4 a gor na rnani."-var maJa m 1. 'A person does load carrier (bearer) who was a l.n"B" [pir] of not bother to remember the cremation ground', water carriers (jhIUr). His headquarters is at e.g. has forgotten his death. Pachnangal (district Hoshiarpur) where water ~ "8lCfT [kalu baba] 1 born in year 1497 Sammat carriers come to worship him from far off from the womb of mother Banarasi in the places. The congregation is held on the family of Bedi (Vedi) Shivnarayan (alias Baisakhi day. 5 See ~. Shivram) and died in Sammat 1579. He was ~ [kalukhatJ, ~cft [kalukhi] adj with a father of Guru Nanak,. the 'universal teacher. black spot; culprit, marked by a blemish. Bhai Santokh Singh has described Talwandi "kalukhat moh adhIar."-asa chat m 4. ')IU as the place: of his death. See oTi'icP:fq'H (l3d'dQ kajar bhan madIr rakhIo, jo pEse kalukhi a 6 page 57. re."-dev m 5. ~ ))fCflI5' [kalubI akal] who has frivolous. ~ [kalucad] This is another name ofBaba mind; having perverse mind. See ~ 3. Kalu. See ~ "8lCfT. ~'R1ir' [kalesaga] Bhai Santokh Singh has ~ j} ~ [kalucad ke dulare] the darling written that Nand Chand, a resident ofDaroli, son ofKalu- Guru Nanak. who managed Guru Gobind Singh's finances, "gJriye ahir raigujar luhar nau sneaked away from Anandpur after stealing kujre kahar jahf phute ak bhal ke, the sacred book of the Udasi saints. Then he bal).ie labal).e dhobi dhivar kasere kachi came and stayed with Dhirmal, who took him dhanak taboli koli teli mad cal ke, for a spy of the Guru. He got him killed and baQhi bhathIare bari dhunie malah mali his dead body was cremated at Kale Sanga. kotI jhUQ jhivar kulal J kalal ke, "kale saBa phukyo jeLI. mntak bhayo Irn kesari nIhal kalucad ke dulare bIna dharam gavai."-GPS. See~. tare bn sare nic bic kalukal ke. 'In history he has been variously described as Kalyan kayath sunar suji khati ban yare brfd Rai, Kalu Chand and Kalu Rai as well.

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828

~l:fT [kalekha] n black colour; soot. "take

mukhI lagE kalekha."-sar m 5. ~ [kalexan] See ~. ~l:f [kalekha] blackness, soot. See ~l:fT. "tIlak kaQhE Isnan karI atarI kalekha."-var maru 2 m 5. ~ [kalosi] a devotee of Guru Arjan Dev from the Kakka subcaste. He was a great warrior. The Guru bestowed upon him the .honour of being a warrior and learned man (noble man), hence deserving of salvation. ~ [kalak] See~. 2 adjwith a black spot; blemished. "jampurI badhIkhare kalak." -pr<Jbha <J m 5. ~ [kalag], ~ [kalaga] n blemish. "ta kau kachu nahi kalaga."-g<Ju m 5. 2 adj connected with the territory of Kaling. 3 See

cffiorr.
~ [kalajar] a mount of Bundelkhand on

which is situated the temple of Neelkanth Mahadev. At its foothills is the city of Kalinjar. Mahmud Gazanavi attacked this temple in the year 1022 AD. See ~. ~ [kalh] Skt ~ n yesterday. 2 tomorrow. ~ [kav] See ~. 2 n crow. "pIchE p<JtalI sadIhu kav."-var majh m 1. ~ [kavI).i] n female crow. ~ [kavar], ~ [kav<Jr] Skt q-!ffl a flexible rod of bamboo etc on each side of which are slung pans like a weighing balance, and used for carrying water or other articles. "khir khaQ parsad k<Jrae. bahut sukavar sag calae."-GV6. ~ [kavru] See ~. ~ ~ [kavru kumari] daughter ofKamrup; goddess Kamakhya. "kavru 'kumare adhamudhare."-<Jkal. ~ [kava] See ~ FPfJa' 2. ~ [kaveri] a famous river of south India which originates in the western ghats and falls into the Bay of Bengal. According to Sikand

Puran, she was the daughter of sage Kaver, which flows as a river. It is called Ardhganga. 2 prostitute. 3 turmeric. ~ [kavy] n a poetic composition. 2 aesthetically- pleasing sentence. I Scholars have divided poetry into two types: gady (prose) and pady (verse), holding that ifthis prose or verse is not aesthetic and does not cast a spell, it is not kavay. Those proficient in prose and verse have described its two more types e.g. $ravy and drI$Y. e.g.one pleasing to the ear is $ravy and the one pleasing to the eye is drI$y i.e. stage play. 3Shukar, who is proficient in poetry. 4 See -a-w. ~C!" [kavyguI).] madhury (sweetness or charm), oj (brilliance) and prasad (offering). For generating these three qualities in poetry, there are three techniques, namely, sweetness, manliness and maturity. C(1Ci!J1P1 [1<.avydo$] Poets should always avoid faults described in literary treatises so that their poetry does not get spoilt or corrupted. Though there is a need for a separate book to interpret this subject yet for the benefit ofthe readers, we illustrate in brief a few faults: 1 $abad-hin is to distort the true form of the verse in order to maintain the flow of its rhyme. "kanak J manak pun IO$ta janiye... kdi jugg janE kaldppa vItayo." -GV 10. "$ri nanak agad amar, ramdas arjan." -GPs. "sur sat kupe nahI pes jae .. nakhatt guru raVI lakkh late .. ta madh ek sudhasar sEhar, IEhardar apar hamese.-PP
1"~;:Jb;:Jd

;:Jr?th

~ubh

vyag v;:Jr salaknt gUl).rup,

bhavadIk r;:Js ritI yut 'kav'lY' uk'lt kaVIbhup."

-bava ramdas.

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Likewise many poets have written suder as s0 dr, sarav as srav, topkhana as tupkhana, dhobi as dhubi, babar as babbar, pratap as partap, nagar as nagr etc so as to render the verse defective. Words in a couplet should be arranged in a manner as if a narrative poem were: being written. Excellent poets are those who without deforming the words maintain the flow of the rhyme in a couplet. 2 bral).katu is to use words and 'sentences which sound discordant to the ears e.g. "bhar kE QhIQQ Qakaral).lehi". 3 asamarath is to use words which may suggest derogatory or impolite meaning. "ras maddh mohan ju han s6 khelhi" It can be read like this also: "ras maddh mohan jutian s6 khelhi". 4 nuarthak are meaningless words used only to complete a metre. "puri uri ras bhari kari kac)I'i sag." 5 aZ'lil is the use of obscene words: "ap s5 mIlap kaho kEse hoy maharaj, cobdar cutia na jandet bhitrE." -bhagvant kaVI. 6 bII~t, or difficult couplets are like a puzzle and not easy to understand. "nIs-an nuakh ghanajsut harkhyo."l 7 pagu or yatIbhag is to use more or fewer charact~rs or matras before a pause in the metre, or to distort harmony by employing forbidden gal). (foot) like jagal). in a couplet. S punal'uktI is the repetition of the same ..word in the same sense. "jii nar ko nahI gayan hE, so nal' pasu saman." 9 adh is to use words against norms or conventions e.g. "nasIka kamal jEsi nEn hE nagal'e se." 10 badhu is to join antonyms e.g.
I

"j3.ya 806 mIl tat bakhani."2 11 mntclk is to use such words as-carry no significance other than uf rhyme and alliteration. "anan luanan sohto tanan bhanan jan." 12 aparth is to create a composition that does not carry any marvellous meaning. "jal barSE ghcm gagan te sur harE adhar... netran se jan pekhte sunat kan se bat." 13 nagan is poetry without metaphorical brilliance. 14 rasvIIudd h is to write by joining opposed sentiments e.g. to combine the gorgeous and the heroic with the ludicrous and the terrible. 15 de~;vIruddh is a description going against the lanel to which it pertains. "gInsl'fgan par kamlan ~obha, maruthal rajhas man lobha." 16 kalvIruddh is an anachronism. "hnTIrItu me phule kamal kokIldhunI cahu or". Bhai Santokh Singh has, in all humility, in the third c'hapter ,of Nanak Prakash, thus described poetic defects. "adh ju badlur pagu nagan mntak, punaruktI aparath ki samajh na avai, VEr de~ kal gan agall navo hi ras vIvIdhalakar hil ko bhed nahI pavai, kou gun hE na rna bhanat maddh jano man gunian hasyog al;pati javai, ek gun yame so vIdIt ,~rut sat suno ! satIgunJ kiratI so nIrmal bhavai. OII~:ilfidl [kavaylfg] This is to underline the meaning with a logical example or application. "arath samrath yUktI kar hoy, kavylIg ko lacchan soy."-garabgajani. Example: "thapIa na jaI kita na hOI ape aIH nuaj;m sOI."-japu.
';:rw [jaya] means mother or consort and 3'3" [tat] stands

''Lotus blossomed on seeing the sun.'

for father or son.

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To underline the truth that the divine can alpan ki gmti kahu kas?-GPS. neither be created nor changed, there is in the ~ [kara], ~ [karha] n decoction; extract second line the contention that He Himself is prepared after boiling.! 2 worry; anxiety. "ta everything. bhau keha kara?"-majh m 5. "kara ChOcj.I acft "$ri guru pag surtaru saras ham sote."-bhEr m 1. "tISu kI karIa?"-var hE sab m;'}gal khanI, ram 2 m 5. darId vIghan na vyapai f [h] adj how much, how. 2 part a word basahf rIde gatIdan."-NP. meant to link parts ofa sentence so as to make "satIguru paras paras kE the context clear. "us ne akhIa kI mE Ih k;'}m k;'}can karE manur malil:ta."-BG. ap hi kar lavaga." 3 or. "sadhu mIlE sIdhI guru mIl paltyo janam mam paiE h Ihu jog h bhog."-gau kabir. "ghat $akatI kit jIm bhrfg." mahI jiu h piu."-s kabir. 4 question marker; -aliikar sagar sudha. what. "jIsu atan lobhu kI karam kamavE?" a 'oe:rt i aa 1tl'f3" [kavyarthapattI] type of poetic -sor a m 1. "suru kI sanmukh ran te cj.arpE?" expression in which appear non-stated -gau kabir. 5 pron whom. "bInu gursabdE meanings, e.g. if so and so happens then this janam kI lekhahI?"-asa m 1. 'is in no is in no way impossible, or whosoever has done reckoning?' that, for him how can this be impossible? fcf [kf] Skt ~ part what. "joge m kf jage m kf?"-guj jEdev. "kf kari bIkar?"-sar parta1 m Example: "kavla caran saran hE jake, 5. ~ [hu], ~ [hukar], ~ [kwkE] adv kahu jan, ka nahi ghan take?-gau kabir. ajamalu pfgla lubhatu how. "kIU varni kIV jana?"-japu. "kIUkarI Ihu manu mariE."-var ram 1 m 3. "nIksIO kGcaru gae han kE pas Ese durmatI nIstare kIUkE jaI?"-s kabir. 2 for what (why). tu kIU na tarahI ravIdas?"-keda. "samjhat nahI kIU gavar."-jEja m 9. "mrIg min bhrfg pat;'}g kGcar ek dokh bInas. ~ [hur] See ~. pac dokh asadh ja mahI taki ketak as." fc& [kID] See ~. -asa ravIdas. ~ [kIa] did. "bapure kaha pahanye ayas nahI manE? fa>,tg [kIahu] adv how. 2 of. "mansa kIahu tIn 10k par hukam tav nahI pheran thanE." dIbaI).ahu koi naSI bhajI nIklE."-var vac;l m 4. 'from the gathering of men'. 3 from. -GPs. "acar care car acar bhae jab fcp,rr [hal did (favour) "manmukh luI). haram kIa na jaI).Ia."-var majh m 1. 2 of. "tIS kIa kya ganti mr bapuran ki tab."-GPS. "jo pahan IE :Jr cj.ub;,}te, gUI).a ka at na paIa."-ram a ill 3. 3 adv tumre vacn;m te su tarate, somehow. "atul na jai kIa mIna."-maru solhe Ih sagar kaya taran duhela? I According to Ayurveda (Indian system of medicine) four tolas of medicine should be boiled in 64 tolas of water. tarahG bhavjal bhun suhela."-NP After evaporation, when water is reduced to 16 tolas, it "brav pacj.av hath kar nIsthur should be taken off the fire. Likewise, the quantity can s;'}ghar kar VInse balras, Im bacj.Ian ki da$a bhai jab be increased or decreased.

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m 5. 'The immeasurable Creator can not be measured by any means.' 4 pron what. "kra sev bmavau kra kahr rijhavau?"-suhi m 5. 5 part interrogative. fu!tFr [kI as] See Ci{tjl'T)1. famr"m [krabn] adv because, how. "krakarI kahrajar?"-asa am 3. ~ [kIani] P adj who is related to the Kay [kay] dynasty of Iran as "kamane kayani". fu>,m [kIam] See qljfl}f. ~[kIamat],fu>m..s-erfuo [kramat da dIn] See atifT}-I3". ~ [kIar] ~ [kIara] Skt ~ n garden, field, raised boundary ofa field to store water, cut with a spade to allow the flow of water while irrigating. "manu tanu m:rmal karat kIaro, han SICE sudha sajon."-jet m 5.2 See

JV'

river Tungbhadra, sixty miles north ofBalari; about two miles to th,e south west of this is Pampa tank; and to the south west ofPampasar (Pampa tank) is Anjana mountain, where Hanuman iis said to have been born. This is the place where Ramchandar killed Bali. fClR<:iiSld [kisatvar] See ~. fClR"3" [kIsat] A J..~ n part, instalment. 2 justice, equity. 3 part of debt which is paid in (instalments). 4 P..::;.~ crop, cultivation, farming. fClF.r3o [kI$tan] P J':f v sow. Its other form is
ka~tan.

~3.

'R'Tfu'a" [kIara sahIb] in Nankiana

(Nankana) Sahib, the place where Guru Nanak revived the field laid waste by the cattle. See
~.

~ [kIara], ~ [kIariJ Skt fCPTz n

cervical joint, neck, nape ofthe neck. 2 Skt a type of tent or umbrella. "lahn:te dharIonu chatru SIrI asmanI kIara chIkIonU."-var ram 3. 'A majestic canopy was set.' 3 P f.lV pain, misery. 4 sadness, grief. fco:r [kIs] pron who, whom. 2 push and pull, struggle. "us di mere nal k[s hE." 3 also used for ki~ (monkey). "cape kIs~." and "jrDYo krsa."-ramav. fcufcr [kIsak] See ~. fcurfcitr [krskfdh] Skt ~l:-T n territory adjoining Mysore 2 a mountain in the territory ofKishkindh. See fc'l(Hfc(Q'. FOlRFcfQ' [krskfdha] ancient capital of Kishkindh, where Bali and Sugriv, the monkey kings, ruled. It is a small town on the bank of

n boat. 2 boat-shaped begging bowl kept by mendicants. 3 boarshaped tray or plate uSled for offering presents to the bridegroom. ftma' [krsthE] adv where, at which place. "krsthE rovahr roj."-majh barahmaha. fcrno [kIsan] See ~J'IO, FClRi'lJe [kIsancad] See f<3l'iC'ltle. FClRi'le'R [krsandas] a trader of Malerkotla who made offerings to Banda Bahadur and saved his town from plunder. FClMal'S!!!' [kIsanballabha] See f<3l'iC'lal'S!!JI. f'Cl"RoT [kIsna] See 1~i'l ofcrrr. 2 a disciple of Guru Arjan Dev who rendered great service during the construction of Amritsar. 3 a Brahmin of Jhiingan subcaste who became a disciple of Guru Arjan Dev. The Guru appointed him a preacher. 4 a devotee of Jhanjhu subcaste who, on becoming a disciple of Guru Hargobincl, turned a warrior and an enlightened being. FClRi'l'diji'l [krsanarjun] See f<3H(')'dtj('). fcmQ [kIsanu] See nprri. 2 This word has been used for Vishnu also. "krsanu sada avtari rudha."-va<;l m 3. ~ [kIsbat] A . J earn; make profit. ~ [kIsam] A ( n type. 2 variety, method.

fcn:raT [kr~ti] P

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832

~ [kIsmat] A~ n share. 2 luck, fate.

3 country, province. territory. fu'afi.n:r [kI$mI$] P / n dried resin. fclMfaGII [kIsnya] adj dyed in saffron. 2 saffroncoloured; saffron. "jIt jIt dn$tI pasanye tItalu kIsnya cir."-carrtr 30. forJ:rm;r [kI$lay] Skt n which moves very little; which shakes slowly in the wind; a tender shoot. ~ [kI$Var] P .J -p( n country; a foreign land. fol'J:rJ:r [kIsas] P v~ act of sentencing a person to death for committing a murder. fcmro [kIsan] See fuoJ::rrc: and ~. 'fcm'ta' [kISar] n short for ke$agra."khulhe kIsar, janu jatadhar."-VN. 'Buns of hair got undone.' fuwa"ef [kIsarth] for what, why. "kIsarath ko Ih ja ham gheri?"-krrsan. fQJj [kISU] pran who, whom. "kISU hau sevi, kISU aradhi?"-dev m 5. fulrcr [kIsuk] Skt iffi;roit n bearer of water; in which water flows; stream, river. "maru mih na trIptIa agi lahE na bhukh. raja raj na tnptIa san bhare kIsuk."-var majh m 1. 'Desert land is not content with rain, fire is not content with fuel, king is not content with kingdom and sea is not content (filled) with rivers.' 2 pran for anyone. 3 by one only. 4 See ~. fcn.ra" [kf$uk] Skt n kf (what is) $uk (parrot) what is in front of a parrot's beak? Kesu; flower oftl(?T}l [plas], which looks like the beak of a parrot. 2 q.hakk or palah, a tree (Butea frondosa) 3 its leaf. ~ [kIsukha] got what happiness? attained what comfort? "ghar asaq.a chaq.kE gole de ghar jaI kIsukha?"-BG. forFrt!"aT [kIsodri] having a slim waist. See ~. "sumod me kIsodri s6 gaq.ho laptayo hE."-NP fcrita' [kI$Or] Skt n a boy of 11 to 15 years of

age (teenager). 2 son, male child. 3 colt. 4 sun. ~ n story; tale, legend. ~ [kI$ta] dried fruit of zardalu, used for cleaning silver or for removing sour taste in spices. fc;rn' [kIh] pran whom. 2 adv somehow, in some way. "rup rag aru rekh bhekh kou kdhI na sakat kIh."-japu. 3 P ,.f because. 4 pran who. fuurat [kIharil adj what type. "OI pal ghari kIhari?"-keda ill 5. 2 pran which. fqfu [kIhI] pran to whom. 2 which. "kIhI bIdhI lakhau gusai."-sor m 9. fqg [kIhu] adj Some, very little. "kIhu calE na caldIa naII?"-sor m 3. "sabh kIhu tere vasI hE."-var brha m 4. 2 adv in some way. "bIn satIguru kIhu na dekhIa jaI."-majh am 3. ~ [kfkl)i] See ~. ~ [kfkanIarI] some ignorant writer has erroneously used this word in Shastarnammala for kakyanarI. horse's enemy- the tiger. flfuo9' [kfkni] Skt fi'lfch'C2'\fil>l<1lor\1-~ n waist band which produces little noise; waist band with bell-beads. "kfkni sabad jhanatkar khel pahI jiu."-savEye m4ke. ~ [kIkar] See fcmfu. ~ [kIkar] Skt ~ n slave, servant; one who can do menial jobs. 2 a tribe of demons. ~ [kIkarl)i] army of slaves; employing many menials.-sanama. fcmfu [kIkan] Skt fil>'5~Cj1{I(1 n a tree (Acacia Arabica) "kIkarI bIjE jatu."-s farid. ~ [kfkri] n maid, female attendant. "subh bacan bol gun amol kfkri bIkar."-sar m 5 partal. 'Habits (nature) will become like a maid servant.' 2 kf-kari? what can we do? ~ [kfkaril adj one who wears waist band with bellbeads. See manT. "kfkri kalka." -paras.

fliw [kIssa] A

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fcrcrrfcrcft [kIka kIki] S ~ ;~. See ~ fuoIT. ~ [kIkaI).], ~ [kIkaI).] horse. See cffiJ:ro.
[kIkaI).i] cavalry.-s.:mama. ~ [kIkan], ~ [kfkan]horse. See cffiJ:ro. "muc;lahI tUc;lahI, ruc;lahI en plan kIkan dhasi vasudha mahf."-cJQi 1. fuwirft [kIkani] See ~. ;~ horse rider. fufcrlrQ [kIkIonu] has done what. 2 what did he do? "dunIai akh kIkI<mu."-var ram 3. fcfuit [kfkI).i] See ~. fcifuo [kfkn] Slct n horse. :~ moth. 3 cuckoo. ~ [kIkur] adv how, because. m~ [kfkuri] Slct n a stringed instrument. "kfkuri anup vajE."-ram m 5. ~ [kIku], ~ [kfku] adv how. "tIS di kimatI kIku hOI?"-bIla m 3. ~ [kIkE] adj resident of Kekay land. ~ character. "kIkE kalmakhi."-paras. See~. ~ [kIkkar] See~. fcicra' [kIkkur] adv because, how. ~ [kfkyanl See ~). fciaT [kfg] short for f'c:fa'Rit. fciaRft [kfgri] See 'fo{'-mft. ~ [kfguraJ See ~. ~ [kfguriJ See ~2 and 3. "ghatI ghatI vaj kfguri."-sri am 1. Veena embodying reflective resonance. ~ [kfgura] See ~. fClilfCltfl [kIekIei] gnashing of teeth in anger. See mfr3". "krIpa kfeat gUrI kinr." -gau m 4. fcftro [kfeanl Slct n a small quantity. ~ [kIepIeanaJ v gnash jaws, grind teeth in anger. 2 get soil,ed with mud. "kIepIeaI jodha mac;lahf."-cantr 1. 'Soiled in blood mixed with mud, warriors fight in the battle field.' ~ [kfebegJ See ~r. ~[kIear],futraor [kIearak], futl'og [kIearakul,
~

fcxtrg [kIearu],S'lct~~advhow long, till when. "kIearu jhdtI laghaiE ehaparu tUtE mehu?"-s {arid. "kIearaku banh dhiru?" and "kae bh~ic;l rakhi kIearu tiii nir."
-s (arid. ~ [kfeall, fthrr50i [kfealakl Slct fCl:>61JiiIflCfl n earthworm; long worm seen during the rainy season. fcife3' [kfcItJ Skt ~~Q adj very little, a bit. fu'fffir [kIen], fc~ [kIeIrul See fcxtrg. fcrsr [kIeh], 'FClw [kIehu], 'fClw [kIehuJ adj little. "ham murakh kIehu na jaI).ha."-asa chJt m 4. 2 pran anything. 3 something. "jo kIehu karI).a so karI rahIa."'-varasa m 1. fClt:rfu [kIja][] please: do; let us do. "lakh bahe kIa kIjaI?"-saveye m 4. fClt:ra' [kIjab] A ._/ n lie, falsehood, untruth. fClt:miit [kIjabgoi P 1,-:,') adj who tells lies; who indulges in falsehood. ~ [kfjalkl Slct w~ n stamen of the lotus flower. 2 pollen of the lotus flower. 3 ovary of lotus. fcmtJT [kIjeha] adv like what, how. "mukh kIjeha tau dhat).i?"-var maru 2 m 5. [kIjh],'~ [kIjhUl adj something. "kIjhu na bujh k][jhu na SUjhE."-S farid. fc:fcy [kII).] See 1~. 2 See ~. ~ [kIl).ka], fcil'ioJr [kII).aga] n particle, straw, mote. fcr3' [kIt] adv which way, where. 2 n fame, reputation. "jIh baraI). jat nahI kIt :"nat."-ddtt.

mE [kfeat]

See~.

See~.

fcr30r [kItakl adv how much, how.

fCldfCld [kItkIt] adv where. 2 adj gratitude
from one whose task is accomplished. "kIt kIt kin sabh kaj ko sudhar din."-GPs. ~ [kItku] adv for what, for whom. "malu dhanu kItku sajIahi?"--sri m 1. 2 where, which way. fCl30r [kItna], ~ [kItnol adj how much.

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834

"rClhIn nClhI, gClhu kI tno!"-geJU m 5. 'Man has seVIo se kItu ae sasar?"-sri a m 5. 3 pron to leave the world (die), but how strong is its which. "kItU bIdhI purkha! jClnClmu gClvaIa?" grip!' -srdh gosatr. "paiE kItU bhCltI?"-sri m 4 ~ [kItClV] Skt adj evil, bad. 2 mad. 3 cheat. val)jara. 'how to get it?' 4 n thorn-apple. 5 gambler. It is written in ~ [kftu] Skt ~ part but. 2 but also. Nirukt that a gambler asks another gambler, ~ [kftu] See fc,fg. "What do you have?" or "What is your stake?" fu3" [kIte] adv somewhere. 2 adj how many. For this reason he is called kItClV. 3 pron some, any. ~ [kItra], fu3;ft [kitriJ, ~ [kItre], ~ [kIte] Skt fuJ:;ff3" adjhow many. "kIte nama [kItro] adj how much, to what extent, how atunCljaI).Ia."-ramm 1. fcE" [kItE] adv somewhere, anywhere. "kItE many. ~ [kIta] did, performed. "jClm kal VClSI desI nCl aIa SUI).iE."-ram am 1. 2 somehow; kIta."-var suhi m 3. "sClbh pun tInI kIta." in some way. "horu kItE bhClgCltI nCl hOVCli bInu -gClU var 2 m 5. 2 n work, task, profession. sCltIgur ke updes."-sri m 1. 3 adj how much. 4 A ~; n piece, part, fiE [kIto] how much. 2 part or. "kIto cit thare division. 5 component of a metre, part of a bhClYO bhClrClm bhari."-GV 10. Seefqif. 3 did, verse. performed. "nanClk sClkha jiCl sag I kI to." ~ [kItab] A '"';-'C! n manuscript, book, -gatha. fci3" [kI tt], fc:ffi:f [kI ttI], fu'f'3<;f [kI ttI ya], m3tof scripture. 2 letter, epistle. ~[kItabClt] A.:-;C! n written document. [kIttiya] Sktoiff3' n fame. reputation. "dev dEt fcara'~[kItabmukkCldClS]A l/,.J;..... C! holy kItt bujjh hI:."-paras. "jInE kIttIya jIttIya fJj '. book; religious book regarded as ordained by tama."-VN 'who won fame in fierce battle.' the Creator like Guru Granth Sahib, Ved, Bible, foI'ag [kIthClhu] adv from where, from which Koran etc. place. "kIthClhu upjE kClhI rClhe."-var basJt. fu3t'al [kItabi] adjrelated to a book. 2 chapter fua'r [kItha], ~ [kIthau], fora" [kIthe], fcm from a book. 3 book-like. 4 written as in [kItthe] adv from where, from which place. "kItabi boli." (bookish language). 2 at some place. "rClhClI).U kIthau nahI."-s fufu" [kItI] n deed, fame. "nam kItI sasar farid. "kIthe tEQe mapIa?"-s farid. kIrClI). rClVI. "-sClvEye m 3 ke. ~ [kfdbeg] The original word is kGdbeg. fuoT [kIti] See oItft. 2 adj how many. "kIti See cit: 7 and 8; an employee of emperor jobCln pritI bInu."-s farid. 3 pron any. "upaI Jahangir who along with Vazir Khan many lld kIti paIajae."-majh am 3. times came to see Guru Hargobind. Bhai fcr3T [kIfi] adj how many. "kI ti I tu dClriaI Santokh Singh has given his name as vaJ1ClnI vClhfdIa."-asa m 5. Kinchbeg. fc?r [kIda], fu'e+ [kIda] adv how, in what way. ~ [kItiaku] adj how, how much, how many. "kItIaku Qh5g gujha thiE na hIt."-var ~ [kIdar] See furrij- and ~. "her kIdar guj 2 m 5. 'Try any means, love cannot be su bhClYO hClrana."-NP 'was astonished to see concealed. ' the field.' fug [kItU] adv where. "jahI nIrase kItU?" ~ [kIdara] according to Bhai Santokh Singh, a Sikh, resident of village Madar, who -var asa. 2 why; for what. "satIguru jInI nCl

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had swollen lymph glands, which got cured with a touch from Guru Arjan Dev. "madrI utre guru prabhu I dasan lae turag. "SrI arjan ji IS thaI ae, sIkkh kIdara mIlyo subhae, huh hajira gar mahI tahi, det vIkhad mItat so nahi." -GPS rasI 5 a 52. See HtI 4 for reference 2 Guru Arjan Dev's disciple of Jhanjhi subcaste who rendered service during the construction of Amritsar. 3 a devotional singer in the court ofGuru Arjan Dev. 4 See~. ~ [kIdari] a famous generous disciple of Guru Arjan Dev. 2 a resident of Dalla who was disciple of Guru Amardev. 3 See~. fufuu [kIdIh] when, which day. ~ [kIduk] Skt ~ n ball. ~ [kIdu] pron which. "kIdu thavahu ham ae?"-gau m 1. 2 from whom. 3 adv how, in what way. "labh kIdu hoi."--bher ill 3. ~ [kIdur] distant, how far. futRr [kIdhar] advin which direction, in which side. fqq' [kIdM], fu'ii' [kIdh5] part or. "kIdM devkanya kIdh6 basvi hE."-ramav. 2 for example, as a matter of fact.. 3 In Dasam Granth at countless places kIdh6 means that time. "hOI Ikatr kIdh5 brIjbalClk."-krIsan. fuo[kIn]pron plural ofm. "kIn bIdhI mIliE kIn bIdhI bIchurE."-majh am 3. :2 advwhy not. "uth kIn japahI muran:?"--s kabir. 3 or. "surag vEkDth kIn darab lijE."-GV1O. 'Heaven, paradise, acquisition ofwea][th.' 4 See fufo. ~ [kInka] See~. n a minute particle i.e., for a moment. "harInamu dIravahu Ik kInka."-var Sal' m 4. faoif [kInkhe] See l)'. fcirnr [kInar] Skt~ n a male of abominable
I

shape, with the body of a man and head of a horse. He is the offspring ofsage Pulstay. Such beings dance when Gandharavs sing in the court ofKuber . They dance in heaven as well. They are also called kI -puru~. "kInar gadhrab gan karr gan." --cJc;1i 1. fcio'at [kInril n wife of Kinner; horse-faced dancing woman . 2 Veena, a double-stringed musical instrument. "kahu kInri kInri IE bajavE."-ramciidnka. 3 fc:itmfT a singlestringed musical insltrument ofthe ascetics. See
~.

fcrcrlttr [kInah] whom. 2 whose. 'fcro'3' [kInat], fcw[i[3" [kInayat] See

~.

Guru Hargobind Sahib.

"harahu irkha karahu kInayat."-NP ~ [kInar] See CXi%. ~ [kInara] P vl;-( n bank, shore. 2 side. 3 border. fufo [kIl1I] who. 2 how, why. "kIm kahiE kIU dekhiE bhai, karta Eku akathu."-sor a m 5. fcffi; [kim] See fcxfo. 2 adv how many, to what extent. "khevat kInI gae."-asa farid. 'How many rulers have come and gone!' fufoftrltr [kIm bJ:dhJ:] by which method, how, which way. "kInI b:[dlu aval).u javal).u tuta." -majh am 5. ~ [kIne] adj how many. 2 pron who. ~ [kIneha], m~fu->1fT [kInehIa], ~tit [kInehi] adv how, lJike what, of what type. "eh kInehi cakri jItu bhau khasam na jaL"-var asa m 2. "jIna na VIsrE narnu se kInehIa?"-asa m5. fcffi' [kInE] pron somo:one. "kInE yulE cakhI q.ithi."-g,:w m 3. fcry'6lf [kIpurakh], MY"""H [kIpurus] Skt~ n an abominable person. See~. 2 a part of Jambu island, belie:ved to be between the Himalayas and Hemkillt. "kIpurakh khaq. parvese jai."-NP. ;3 Nepal has also been mentioned as Kinpurush in ancient texts.

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fadMd

4 animals like apes, monkeys etc. born from placenta who bear a lot of resemblance with human beings. ~ [kfpuru:;;e:;;] lord of Kinpurush gods; Kuber. f'currlil"3' [kIfayat] A .::..:lif n sufficiency. 2 frugality, closeness. ~ [kfbdati] See ~. ~ [kIbla] A ~ adv in front of; facing. 2 n a place of worsh;p to face for prayerKaaba, the famous place of worship of Muslims in Mecca. "man kan maka, kIbla kan dehi. bolanharu paramgur ehI."-bher kCJbir. 'Make up your mind and face God.' Mecca is within the self and God, the lord of all beings, is there for worship. It is the supreme Lord who is muezzin as also an imam, who leads the prayer assembly. ~ [kIbla-alam] A (ll;~ icon that is the focus of worship by all, the Creator. See fu"aw. 2 This epithet is also llsed for kings by the needy ones who look upto them with expectation. fum5tFr [kIblas] See fu;rn-. 'fcfw [kfba] part or. "ek jotI eka mIli, kfba hOI? mahoI."-gCJu kCJQir. 'When the hum:m soul merges with the Divine, can there be any alternative? No, not at all. ' ~ [kIbolahI] through foul words, through depraved utterance. "tut nehu kIbolahI sahi." -oJkar. 2 says what? fcm [kIm] adv how, in what way. fcfH3" [kfmat] See oftH3". 2 the name of a hill chief who is mentioned in Vichitar Natak ego "hfmat kfmat sahIt rIsae." fmfre' [kImac] See ~. ftp.rra' [kImar] A .JLJ n gamble. ~ [kImarbaz] P ;~A) adj gambler. - fcm.r [kImI] See fuH. . fawa" [kIyur] armband (wrist band). See~.

"bhuj siJdar kar sajat kIyura."-NP

~ [kIr] Sec ~.

n vocation, profession. "koi dalali kIras kamae."-BG. 2 Skt ~ farming. "jam cuhct kIras nItI kurakda."-var gCJu 1 m 4; 3 cultivation. "na ko kIras kareI."-var ram 1 m2. ~ [kIrSaD] n farmer; one who cultivates land; cultivator, ploughman. FaaR'C!1 [kIrSaDi], ~ [kIrsaDu], fcn::rro [kIrsan], FadA'(')l [knsani] n ploughing, cultivation. 2 cultivation. See~. "kIrSaDi kIrSaDU kare."-gdu m 4. "jEse kusaDu bOVE kIrsani."-asa m 5. 'As the farmer sows the seed.' "kIrsani jIu rakhe rakhvala."-ram CJ m 5. ~ [kIr:;;ma] See ~. ~ [kIrak] See ~. 2 sand or minute particles ofstone which, when they get between the teeth, produce grinding sound. "ate VIC kIrak hE." fa"a1:f [kIrakh] Skt fqm n farming. "jEse kIrakhahI baras megh."-mali m 5. "jIu kIrkhE han aIo pasua."-gCJu m 5. fcracrr [kukha] n process of ploughing; making of furrows with a plough; ploughing. 2 deweeding; removing unwanted grass (weeds) "bIkhE bIkardusatkukha kare."-srim 1. 'like deweeding, removing perverse thoughts.' 3 drawing a line or making a furrow. "lekha dharamraI ki baki japI han han nam kIrkhE." -sri ch5t m 4. 'Recitation of the Creator's name strikes down the account of ill deeds from the dossier maintained by Dharamraj.' fuml:r [kuakhI] See foRJer. fa"atr [kIrac] n small broken piece of bone or glass. "pari kuac kuch taha nIhare."-GPs. 2 straight sword. "Ilmaniru halabbi magrabI kIrac junabbi jati."--GPS. fora<!" [kIraD] n fine ray of light. 2 sun. FC(d<!Qd [kuaDdhar] bearer ofthe ray oflight;

~ [kIras]

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the sun. 2 moon. "dutIy dxvakar kIdh5 kIral).dhar."-CdrItr 266fCldC!Qd 'Q'ij" 'Q'ij" [kIral).dhar dhar dhar] bearer of rays, the sun or the moon; their bearer, the sky; and the arrow flying through the sky. -Sdnama. fuOC!r [kIrl).a] Skt vr ctt means pierce, destroy, throw, separate etc; and kIrl).a is its derivative verb, "kalar keri kadh jIu ahI nISI kIn <;lhahIpaI." -sri m 1. ~ [kIral).I], ~ [kIrl).i] adj which has rays oflight. 2 n moon. "sahajI bhaI SaCIO kIral).I a~nt kal bal).I."-saveye m 2 ke. 'From the divine verses of moon-like Guru Nanak, you have attained peace of mind.' 3 sun. "sarvar kamal kIral).I akasi."-mala d m 1. 4 with rays. 5 in rays. "kiratI raVI kIraI~I pragat sasara." -sdveye m 3 ke. 'Your greatness is shining in the rays of the sun.' 6 river, because its water drips down from the mountains. "sat samiJd jaki he kIrl).i." -bJno. fcrno [kIrat] Skt n profession, work, job. "dharamkIrat kar satan sev."--GPS. 2 deed, misdeed. "SIrI SIn kIratvIhal).ia."'-marum 5 Jjuli. 3 adj done, performed. 4 See fu"afg. fClddH'Han [kIratsajogi] as a result of previous deeds; moved by the inevitable alone. "kIrat sajogi detraju calaIa."-bl1er d m 3. fClddOldW [kIratkarama] SkI' ~. adj who has performed deeds. "til SUI).I kIratkarama." -tukl1a baral1mal1a. fcrno fcrno [kIrat kIrat] See fu"afg fu"afg. 1a3'ar [kIrtagg] See fcJoar.;r. ~ [kIratghal).] See ~ruro. ~ [kIrtan] See oi'looo. ~[kIrtanI] due to deeds. "kIrt;:mI juria." -sul1i m 5 partal. ~ [k:rrtam] Skt fftpr adj artificial. 2 imaginary. "kIrtam namu kathe tere jIhva." -maru soll1e m 5. 3 composed, created. "bIn

kartar na kIrtam mano,," -l1ajare 10. n written according to the deeds done. "knatrekh kan karmIa."-bdsJt a m5. ~ [kIrta], ~J'd'Tfu' [kIrtaI] n deeds. "sadh sevo sada karo kIrtae."'-bIla m 5. ~ [kIrtas] A vu,j n paper. "kut kut sal). kIrtas banaIa."-BG. fClddlda [kutarath], fu;~ [kIrtarath] Skt ~f adj whose purpose has been fulfilled; successful in mission. "jap han kIrtarath." -ram d m 1. "hIrde namu sada kIrtarathu." -bIla dm 1. fu"afo [kHatI] Skt fqf~r n deed, misdeed. "kIratI karam ke bichure."-baral1mal1a majh 2 labour, hard work. "jIu go<;lahu tIU tum sukh pavahukIratI nametIajaI."-bdsJtm 1. 'Fruit ofthis labour will not go in vain. ' 3 fame, glory. "kIratI S;';JjOgI sati uth:[hoi."-gdU m 5. 'burnt herself in her husband's pyre just for the sake ofglory. , fCldfdfCldfa [kn<:,tIkuatI] Skt fc!a' ~. See fOld3 i dS. "prabhu kIrat:[ kIratI kari."-sar m 5 partal. fclr3t [kIrti] adj hardworking, industrious. ~ [kIratu] See fCliJ::r. "nab nath khasam hath kuatu dhake de."--var sor ill 2. 2 See ~. 3 good deed, practice. 4 performed i.e. having done a good! deed; having done a favour. "mau piu kIrato gavarnx."-lIar majh m 1. fCldeal'd [kIradgar] P .,'l,./ the Creator, the Transcendental One. fcra-e'ra' [k:rrdar] P .JlJf n deed. 2 practice, exercise. "kaIakIrdar."-marusolhem5. 'Put body to good d{~eds.' 3 See ~. fa"d"O [bran] See fua<y. r. fcreor [kIrna] See ~ [knpache] See f~. ~ [kIrpa:t;l}, fu;iJl.I?) [k:rrpan] SkI ~ n miser. "kIrpan 10bh pIar."-sri am5. "kIrpan
~ [kIrCltrekh]

rcrec:

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tan m<:ln kIlbIkh bh<:lre."-toc;fi m 5. "kupa kij sa matI dije
--SUlli

See~.

2 Creator's kindness.

fcretr' [kIrpa] Skt ~ n kindness, compassion.

chat m 5.
~ [kIrpai] adj kind; compassionate.

foreil'o [kupenJ,

~o [kuprn] adj house

"mohan din kupai."-maru m 5. "tau mIlIo jau kIrpai. "-kan m 5. "bhagat vachalu kIrpae."-bIla m 5. fui:Itrn [kupas] Skt~~ adj seat of kindness; where kindness resides; "prabhu krIpa kari kupas." -kan m 4. ~ [kIrpadhl, ~ [kIrpadhI] Skt ~ , fc3"tfl<ffq treasury of kindness; last word in kindness; ocean of kindness. "ho ho guru kupadhI."--kan m 5. ~ [kupan] See ~. 2 adj abode of kindness. 3 kind. "harT ho ho kIrpan." --kan m 4 partal. ~ [kIrpamd] river of kindness. "dij sadhu sagatI kupanad."-sar m 5. 'oh! river of kindness. ' ~ [kIrpam] See foRn-ro. 2 with a sword. 3 from kindness with mercy. "mIliE gur kupanI."--asa m 5.
~[kupamdhJ, ~[kIrpamdhI]

Skt ~ , treasure of kindness, ocean of

compassion. "kIrpanIdhI pr<:lbhu din daIala."-bIla m 5. ~ [kupani] See f'c.r..r<5T. 2 adj kind and compassionate (female). "jan par ap kupanI." -saloh ~ [kupar] See ~. ~ [kIrparial adj kind, generous, compassionate. "sei hoe bhagat jInI kuparia."-gau a m 5. ~ [kIrpall, ~ [kIrpalu] adj kind, generous. "kIrpalu sada d;:nalu. "-bIla chJt m 1. ~ [kupavat] adj kind, benign. "pUrI rahe kIrpavat."--sar m 5. fuotib:r [kupis] adj krIpa-i;; lord of kindness. "harT ho ho kIrpis." -kan ill 4 partal.

(source) of kindness. 2 kind. "prabhu bhae hE kupen."-kan m 5. "tInI paIo jIsu kupEn." --dhana m 5. fu"a1.fiJTOT [kIrpagna] adj whose kindness prevails, lord of compassion. 2 image of kindness; embodiment of compassion; kindness-incarnate. 3 kind. 4 n compassion, kindness. "so bujhE jIskupagna."-maru solhe m5. fu"a1.f'3" [kIrp3t] Skt fcg:l.fT3": with kindness. "kupat haria matI tatgIana."-sahas m 5. foRraEt [kubati] adjwith worry, worried. 2 sad, melancholy. See ~ 2,3, and 4. "mukh tIna de kubati bat na pUChE kOI."-mago. fuoH [kuam] P ( / Skt fl1i n insect; worm. 2 germ, microbe which, unlike bacteria, cannot be seen. 3 microscopic cells or seedlings in blood or semen, which are a source of procreation. I "rakat kIram mahI nahI s5gharIa."-maru solhe m 5. 4 low, inane mean. faRJHtit [kIramci] A <5;-) red dye made from microbes. ~ [kumaID-a] adj house of insects; who has maggots in his body; gangrenous; suffering from leprosy. 2 on small insects. "karahu daIa kIrmaII:la."-maru solhe m 5. ~ [kumala] See mJJ-lTW 2. fcRJw [kula] Skt ~ n lizard, chameleon. fa'a1;ft [kuH] house lizard. See ~. ~ [kuva] n insect, microbe. ~ [kIra] P 1/ pron to whom, for whom. ~ [kIra] A LJI) be near, be close. 2 conglomeration of many planets in a zodiac. 3 See
Hf(JsfCi(iji.

~ ~
ISCC~.

[kuaIa] See fuarw. [kuakhi] pulled, dragged, removed,

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erased. "jIu surajI rEI:u kIfakhi."-var sri m 4. ~ [kIrat] Skt n a tribe of uncivilIised menbhil, nI$ad. 2 territory of Bhutan, Sikkim; Kiratdesh. 3 concoction of four drugs (charaita). 4 A .,:.,1) reading, studying. fCi(d'd'dtJi'ilGi [knatarjuniy][ Bharvi's composition that narrates the story ofwar between Arjun and Shiv. This story is described in detail in the 3rd chapter ofMahabharat. See~. ~ [kIran] See fcrot. ~ 'f.I'IU [kIran $ah] son of Zaman Shah, chiefof Kabul, who was made ruler of Lahore for some time. He was severely defeated by the Sikhs on the bank of Ravi. fa'a101 [kIrani] See ~. fcRrn [kIfam] A (I) plural ofkarirn. fa'alliJT [knaya] A ....') n fare. faa'ra [kIrar], fuwi[kIrarl Skt f~~ and gtiRf n shopkeeper, businessman. 2 slave of wealth. "nal kIfara dosti kUrE kuri paI."-sava m 1. 3 timid, cowardly. fufa" [kIn] adv See ~. "dhInIsI kIf I <;lhahIpaI."-sri ill 1. 'fafu>,rr [kIna] Skt fcg:r;rr n deed, function. 2 conduct. 3 ritual or performance like $raddh. "pf<;l patalI meri kesau krrra."-asa ill 1. 4 See fcrw. ~ [kIrIaCar] n conduct; performance of religious ceremonies. "kIrIaCar kdrahI khatkarma."-guj ill 5. fafum..Ir [kIrI$rnal See ~rr. fcRit>w [knia] See fo!fufT. ~ [kIrian] silken thread used for stitching wounds. "taha tahI knian kE ghav sina." -gurusobha. ~ [knicak] See c:;furor. ~ [knicakmar] n destructive attack; I assault like the one Bhimsen launched on
'The saying is "nadIfsahi katlam." (massacre by Nadar Shah).

Kichak. "ve$ya ek jIyat nahI bad. Esi mar knicak maci."-caTItr 168. See ofttJor. ~ [knit] SkI n crown. 2 See ~ 14. faH' [kII] Ski part having decided, decidedly. 2 n truth. 3, falsehood. 4 reason. 5 repentence. ~ [kIlak] P ~ n reed, pen. 2 Skt nail. "ab b kharo karir taru kIlak lagyo pag jeh." -GPS. 3 also used for kIlkari. "mar kIlak bahu rua uthai."--BG'. ~ [kIlkatil n cry, shriek. ~ [kIlka] a couplet which is also called asta and totak. As bhuj~igprayat is doublethe form of $~)khnari in the same way kIlka is that of tIlka . lt comprises four lines, each line with four sagal)S, liS 115 liS 115. Example: pakr!:' nIt pap parat ghane, jan dekhan ke tar $uddh bane, jag chor bhaja gatI dharman ki, su jaM tahI papknya pracuri.-kalki. fCi(MCI'd [kIlkar L fuc?'"C("r.aT [kIlkari] n act of persistent shrieking. 'fa"Mfiifu'3' ~JT1i2 [kIlklcIt hay] See ~. "hot jaha Ik val' hi tras has ras rO$. tii s6 'kIlkfCIt' kahIt hay sclbhE nndo$."-jagadvrnod. fCi(MfCi(M' [kIlk:cla] Skt n peel of laughter, expressive of joy; joyful shriek. 2 Dg fisherman. Skt~m'FT. '''jay6 kIlkIla machriE du par."-cantr 266 'fcsrMGT [krltal] Pa n long basket in cowtail form carried by the hillmen on their back. ~ [kIllnkh] sin. See ~. "kIlbIkh kate nImakh aradhJ:a."'-sor m 5. ~ [krlmaspad] See ~. ~[kIlmak],fm?Jf./Tl:f[kIlmakh] Tartar. See 'ct'ffi-I'CI'. "kiiboj kIlrnak kathIn pal me kat<;lare." -cantr 217. ~ [kI1VIkhl Skt i~'Ff n sin. 2 guilt. "kIlvIkh utaraJ:u sudh hoI."-brla a ill 5. 3 disease.

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~. 2 used in place of kIya also. "har kop kIva."-rudr. knpalu kIlal."-GPS. fot;ft [kIri] Ml n announcement; shout made to warn; in Pothohar it is called kEf. "kIp pavadi fOll'S'l'SH [kIlalaj] grown from ~ [kHal] muhaIonU."-sor a m 3. "kIri pavadi-i khara (water); lotus. "kIlalaj pUj, dIvakar ke bIn jayo akulae."-NP. na apI muhaI."-s farid. ~ [kIlokhri] See fum:Rft. cit [ki] See fu. "bagoyad ki man ph:>j ko :?aham." -krrsan. 2 did. "ki pratIpal."-bher namdev. ~ [kIlol] See ~. [kIll] small nail. 3 pron what. "aIgaIo ki na aIo."-suhi chat fi;mo [kIllat] A ~ n feeling of being meagre m 1. 'When the Creator has come to mind, in number and quantity; shortage, lack. what is left behind?' i.e. 'Nothing remains fctw [kIlla] n stake, nail, peg. 2 measure of behind.' 4 adv why, for whom. "ki vISarahI? dukh bahuta lagE."-asa m 1. "jcmmat ki na muo land equivalent to one acre. abhaga."-maru solhe m 3. "gahIo kina ada?" fctl.fl" [kIIli] small peg, spike. m [kIv] adv how, in which way, by what -pl1Unlle m 5. means. "kIV kar akha kIV salahi?"-japu. cfl' [ki] P short for fu--et. [kI-i'], that it. ~[kIvdati]Skt~ n hearsay; rumour. ~ [kiu], ofttr [kio], oftnr [kIa], ~ [kiau] did. "badhap han ek, nanak kiu."-maru m 5. "kio fOl'ilfdlll' [kIvrIya] Pu n doorfiap, door. sigaru mIlaDkE tai."-bIla am 4. "gururamdas 2 window; opening. 3 See ~ 2. ~ [kIvria] See rOl~rdGl'. 2 doorkeeper, ghan kiau pragasa."-saveye m 5 ke. cftnrfu [kiahI] is/are done. "te kiahI parvaD." guard, sentinel. fctW [kIva] See fchfr. -varsar m 2. ~ [kIvar] See ~. "darsanu dijE kholI ~ [kialo], oftrr [kia] has done. "kat hamaro kialo khasmana."-asa m 5. "kia khelu baq kIvar."-bIla kabir. ~ [kivari] n small window, an opening. melu tamasa."-saveye m 4 ke. 2 small flaps of the door. 3 adj watchman at cfuft [ki-i] did. "ham har ki guru ki-i hE basithi." the door; officer on duty at the entrance of a -nat parta1 m 4. palace. "kam kIvari dukh sukh darvani. "-bher a'tl1' [kie] did. "kai kotI kie dhanv;'H." -sukhmani. 2 adv by doing. "sunatI kie turaku kabir. 'Passion is the officer incharge of the je hoega?"-asa kabir. fort and pain and pleasure are two watchmen at the entrance.' 4 n kind of tax prevalent in cflR' [kis] pron who, to whom. "tab chal chIdr lagat kahu kis?"-sukhmani. 2 did, began Rajputana, collected from each house. (journey) "pun kasi ko kis pIana."-GV 10. ~ [kIvar], ~ [kIvara] See mrz and~. 3 Skt ofur n monkey. "mahabali ravan das sis. ~ [kIvari] See ~. fat' [kIve], ~ [kIvE] adv how, in what way. prakram garab haryo mIl kis."-GPS. 4 ka "malu haumE dhoti kIVE na utrr."-sri m 3. (sky) i:? (lord), the sun. 5 bird. ~ [kIvEhE] have to do. "tryodas baras gae afb:rrd" [kisar] Skt fc:hrg n needle-like thorns on the ears of barley, paddy and wheat. "saDu phI! Ehe:. jahu hamE kachu kaj kIVEhE."-ramav. kisara cIthIa kaDu laIa tanu jharI."-var majh '0 Bharat! you go, I have some work to do.' m 1. It means organs like fingers etc. 2 how (in which way) is it?

fqw [kIla] A ,.$ n fort, castle. fu'wl;r [kIlal] water. See Ciflwc? "kin sc:man

foci [kIva] See

vI

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[kijaltu] is done. "kahe kijatu hE manIbhavan?"--mal'u kabir. crn:r [kih] what. cftw [kija] did, provided. "sam sahIb sukh kij cftuj [kihEi] advwhere. "bule bEt). kihEi kare ghaI hE."-maru soll1e IT! 5. jihEi?"-ramav. (He) said, 'Where is he who cftft [kijE] ple:ase do . 2 is done. has given wounds.' 2 In the hill dialect, it means cftG [kit] Skt n insect. "kit hasatI sagal puran." why. -g5c;f m 5. :I~ insigniificant, petty. 3 adj hard, cftcr [kik] did, made. "nam bIna nakte nak rigid. 4 This word has also been used for Kaitabh, the demon. "sahasbahu madhu kit kik."-prabha m 4.2 See 'R1~. citcm' [kika~] Skt n member of a low caste; mahIkhasa."-gao a m 1. 'Sahasarbahu, caqal. Madhu, Kaitabh and Mahikhasur.' See ~. cil'arG [kikat] Skt n Bihar state; where a caste 5 See fuo1.f. by the name ofkikat lived in ancient times that cftca' [kitak] SkI' n insect. 2 adj hard, rigid. is why is this name for Bihar. 2 horse. cftGif [kitaj] n silk, produced by a kit (insect). 3 poverty, indigence. 4 an old name ofMagadh cftG ~ [kilt pakhal)i] adj worm in the stone, worm to Ibe found in stone. "acftdan deI region. 5 advpenniless, penurious. ~ [kikar] See fa'a'fu. prabhu mera vIc:r pathar kitpakhat).i he." -maru solhe m 4. ~[kikur], ~ [kikfi] advhow, in what way. "tuhaqe nal kikfi nIbhEgi."--JSBM. cftG3 [kitabhJI See ~~. "tate madhu kitabh tan CiITe' [kic] n mud, sludge, slime. "bIapat dhara."-VN. oftit [kiti] n ant. ("Ik bIhag Ik kiti rita." mohkic."-asa chat m 5. cmret [kicai] should keep. "ltIn SagI sagu TId -NP. 2 humility, gentleness. "kiti parbat kicai nanak jIna apt).a suau."-var guj 2 m 5. khaIa."-iilsa kabil'. See ~. 3 adj humble, gentle. "ki.ti hOI kE khaI."-s kabir. ~ [kicak] Skt n hollow bamboo. 2 son of king Kekay and brother-in-law of king Virat oft? [kitu] S(~e liftC'. who was killed by Shim for molesting Dropadi. cft3' [kit] has made, has done. "koi vIrla apan kit.,,_nat m 5 parta1 "man apne kau mE Matiy Hindi poets have written his name as hansakha kit."--tot;li m 5. ~ and ~. See f~q, for~~ and cftaT [kita] dione, "kita paiE apl)a. "-var asa. ~. 2 created. "]kita kaha karE manI man?"-sri m cfItr.r [kicar] n mud, sludge, slime. "kicar hath 1. "kite kall merE SamanE, karal)haru tnl)u na buqai."-sava m 1. Here it means an evil janE."-sor In 5. 3 create. "kita 10riE kam su act. han pahI akhiL"-var sri m 4. oflBft:r [kicarI] in the mud, in the slime. "kicap ett3r ~fT [kita kart:ra] work performed. ata gUIPana."- s kabil'. cftft:ra' [kicIt] put (apart) "bhram te kiCIt bhfn." 2 already done; creation, created. "kita kartIa -bavan. as da sabhu gaIa."-val' gau 1 m 4. cite' [kice] oiffi' [kicE] make. Se,e~. "haruas cftfu' [kitI] n reputation, fame. 2 Skt fc!3t (tfc1) kicE jiu."-majh m 4. attempt, effort. "jap na tap na karam kitI." cflt:ret [kijai] See ofttreT. -basiit m 5.3 did, performed. cftHg [kijahu] do. ~ [kitianu] he did it. "bhirahu moklai what is? short for kI-ast. Skt

ettIJ [kist] P.::.l' fuHfIJ

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kiticmu."-var ram 2 m 5. 'from adversity changed to prosperity. ' ~ [kitu] See otl3". "tek nanak sacu kitu." -sri m 5. ett3'lft [kitoi], ofuTIJ [kitosu], ofuTIJ [kitosu] has made. "mmo jog kitoi."-mDdav.I)i m 5. cfuTo [kiton], oit3o [kitonu] has made. "kiton apl)a p~th nnala."-BG "jeha kitonu teha hoa."-sri m 3. oft3l.r [kitom], cft31J [kitomu] I did. 2 has put. "idhal).u kitomu ghal).a."-var jet. ~ [kidns] Skt ~ and ~e=r adv as it looks; of what kind, of what sort. ofto [kin] has done, had done. "manukh ko janam lin SImran nahI nImakh kin."-jeja m 9. 2 why, for what. "mucu mucu garabh gae kin bacIa?"-g;w kabir. 'There were so many miscarriages; why has this escaped?' 3 why not. "kin sUl)ehi gorie!-sri m 1. 4 P l;)'! n enmity. 5 battle, war. 6 guile. 7 See off. cttofi:r [kinasI] has done. "jo kIchu kinaSI prabhurajaI."-bds;Jt dm 1. 2 why not. "prabhu sarl)agatI kinasI hog?"'-bdS;Jt d m 1. etI7m [kinah] See cftor 2. oo(')daf.f [kinahko$] P Jf! adj one who tries to take revenge. oilol:fru' [kinkhap], oitocfra" [kinkhab] See CilHCfTll. cftor [kina] did, performed. "so pae jo kIchu kina he."-maru solhe m 1. 2 P ,:f enmity, rivalry. See ofIo 4. 4 The word ofIo also carries the same meaning. ~ [kinaram], ~ [kinaramie] See
~.

cfu.rfd" [kimatI] See ofu..s. "kimatI kOI na jal)E

duja."-maru solhe m 5.2 See ofu..s 3. "anIk dokh aru bahut sajai. taki kimatI kahal).u na jai."-maru m 5. 3 adj who knows the worth; who judges the value. "sabh kimatI mIh kimatI pai."-soddru. cftl.St [kimti] P (ft valuable, precious. See

ofu.r3". cfb.rr [kima] A J n minced meat. ofu..rtt [kimae] ;ppreciator, one who values
merit. "nahI kimatI kimae."-bher m 5. ~ [kimahu] from the price. See ofu.r. "sukh kimahu bahre."-var maru 2 m 5. ottf1.n:;rr [kimIyal, ettHtrr [kimia] G kt n alchemy; chemia. 1 Earlier people engaged themselves in converting copper into gold and lime into silver. Though they did not succeed, yet due to their research, there originated the science of chemistry. This has enabled many countries to accumulate large quantities ofgold and silver. ofu.ft>wara' [kimiagar] P ./kt alchemist; person engaged in practising alchemy. cibjl:f3' [kimukhat] P d n granular leather made from the skin of a donkey or a horse and dyed in green, mounted especially on the sheaths of the swords. etta [kir] Skt ~ adj indigent, penniless. 2 parsimonious, miserly. 3 greedy. 4 Skt n parrot. "kir s6 pritI kari ganIka. "-gurusobha. 5 Kashmir. 6 adj of Kashmir. Dg n oarsman, fisherman. ~ [kiral)] Skt oilt' adj scattered, dispersed. 2 extended. ~ [kirl)a] Skt ~"F.l<! n wail; cry at a high pitch; lamentation. cfuJ3" [kirat] a poet of Bhatt lineage who sang
IAn ancient name of Egypt. The Egyptians were the first to enter the field of chemistry. Thus was named this scicncc.

citoT [kini] has done, has performed. "han

gatIkini."-gdu m 3.2 See ~. n plural of~oo, value. "tIS di kimna pai."-srim3. "kimna saka paI sukh mItihu bahare."-jet var. ~ [kimat] A.::..l n price. 2 value. 3 estimate, guess.

cftH [kim] A

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MAP OF KlRATPUR

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eulogies ofthe Gurus. "kaVI kirat jo s~t caran 4 ke. 2 See oiRJfu". ctRJao' [kirtan] Skt cfufo n discourse, speech. 2 In Sikh religion, singing the praise of the Creator in musical measures is tenned as kirtan "kirtan namu sImrat rahau. "-brla ill 5. cihJd(')RfuM' [kirtansohIla] See #f<:R;rr and oodfaHftll")'. 2 ending; completion. ~ [kirtanI] in praise ofthe Creator. "han han krrtanI Ih manu rata."-sor;:) m 5. cilado1nrr [kirtania] adj who sings the praise of the Creator. "bhal0 bhal0 re kirtania."-ram m5. oita'd"Q [kirtanu] See cfur::ro. "harrkirtanu sUQo."-g'w m 5. cfuJaya' [kiratpur] This town is situated in the hilly area on the bank of Sutlej river in district Hoshiarpur, tehsil Una, polic1e station Anandpur. It was founded by Guru Hargobind through Baba Gurditta in Sammat 1683. The land for this was purchased from Raja Tara Chand of Kehlur. Guru Nanak Dev had blessed the foundation ofthis town, when the Guru visited this place and stayed at Charan Kamal, and met Baba Buddhan Shah in thle forest. Kiratpur is at a distance: of 14 miles from Ropar l and 31 miles from Garh Shankar railway station. The following gurdwaras are in this holy town: (1) Shish Mahal dwelling places for the Gurus situated in the middle ofthe residential area. Guru Hargobind came here in Sammat 1691 and lived here till the end ofhis life. Guru Hal' Rai and Guru Harkrishan were born here. To the north of these palac<es, are baths used by the Gurus then. The gurdwara is dilapidated due to lack of permanent income. (2) Harimandir Sahib. Related to Guru
mUfI lagahI."-s;:)vcye m

INow there is a railway station at Ropar also.

Hargobind, this gurdwara is also a dwelling house situated in the residential area of Kiratpur. It has five ghumaons ofland attached to it. (3) Khuh Guru ka. This well was got dug by Guru Hargobind. (4) Charan Kamal. Related to Guru Nanak Dev, this gurdwara is situated near Kiratpur to the north-west. The Guru came here during his travels to the hills. He obliged Sain Buddhan Shah with a sermon. See -g~. An elegant gurdwara is raised there. It has annual income of rupees six hundn:d firom the attached estate. The priest its an Udasi Sikh. (5) Chubacha Sahib. A gurdwara related to Guru Hal' Rai, situated within the city. At this place, crushed grain was soaked in a large spacious brick trough for the horses and the Guru himselfserved it with his own hands and this gurdwara is a menlOrial to that event. Its building is ordinary and it does not have any income. (6) Takhat Sahib, situated in the residential area, is built iin memory of the anointing of Hal' Rai and Harkrishan as Gurus. The gurdwara is in dilapidated condition. There is no priest. (7) Til' Manji Sahib, related to Guru Hargobind, is to the south ofKiratpur and at a distance of about half a mile. The Guru used to shoot arrows from this place. A small structure ex.ists:: it has neither a priest nor any income. (8) Damdama Sahib. A gurdwara related to Guru Hal' Rai is 'in the centre of Kiratpur near Harimandir. The Guru used to hold congregation at this place. Two shops adjoining the gurdwara are rented at Rs 25 a y,ear. (9) Dehra Baba Gurditta is a magnificent

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Cil'h?or

building, haIfa mile away from Kiratpurto the south. Baba Gurditta was cremated at this place. Dehra owns five hundred ghumaons of land. A fair is held at the time ofHola. (10) Patalpuri, related to Guru Hargobind and Guru Har Rai, is situated on the bank of Sutlej at a distance oftwo furlongs to the southwest. The ashes of Guru Harkrishan were brought from Delhi and installed at this place. Only small structures remain there to commemorate Guru Hargobind and Guru Harkrishan, but the shrine, with a golden dome relating to Guru Har Rai, is very large and high. Sixty rupees a year are paid by the Patiala state; there is enough income from the offerings. (11) Buddhan Shah Ji da Takia, a hermitage related to Baba Buddhan Shah, is close to the shrine ofBaba Gurditta, at a distance of half a mile from Kiratpur to the south. This place was visited by Guru Nanak Dev and Baba Gurditta. The hermitage has been built of baked bricks, within which lies the grave of Baba Buddhan Shah. To the north, away from it is the cremation ground of the hermit's, goats, dogs and the lion. The priest, Sain Alia Ditta belonging to "Charnauli", looks after it with devotion. (12) Viman Garh is situated in Kiratpur where the severed head of Guru Teg Bahadur was kept for some time and from here it was taken to Anandpur in a bier by Guru Gobind Singh with the congregation reciting hymns in praise ofthe Almighty. ofurFd" [kiratI] Skt cFlM n greatness, reputation, glory, praise. "jE ghar kuatI akhiE."-sahIla. ofurFd" R31; [kiratI satabh] Skt ~Rf1Pl1 n pillar erected to keep alive the memory ofsome one. cnaFaf.l l M9 [kiratI$ali] Skt Cf0fWlITTf~r;:r, adj praiseworthy, honourable.

cilaFaR'fuw [kiratI sohIla] a compositIOn

containing five hymns recited by Sikhs at the time of going to bed. Its name is 'Sohila' but, many people call it 'Kirtan Sohila'. It is also called' Arti Sohila' oitaf::md" [kiratImat], ~ [kiratIman] adj having good reputation, honourable, praiseworthy. 2 n the eldest son of Vasudev who was killed by Kans immediately after his birth. "putr bhayo vasudev ke kiratImat tIh nam."-krrsan. cikJ3t [kirh] See ofurFd". ~ [kirtia] a mace-bearer in the service of Guru Gobind Singh. 2 adjwho lauds of his mentor. cita'o [kiran] See ~. etrer [kira] n insect, worm. 2 low, mean. "jan nanak kira."-gau m 3. "sultan khan kare khInI kire."-maru so111e m 5.3 A (;}I) black stone. See ~ and ~. "tum makhtul saped sapial ham bapure jas kira." -asa raVIdas. ~ [kirat] A bl) measure equal to two rattis; four grains. See tra'JT3". 2 See fuQror. citaT [kiri] ant, small insect. 2 unimportant, inferior. "niki kiri mahI bl rakhr." -sukhmani. 3 humility, gentleness. "kiri jito sagla bhavan."-ram m 5. otldFClalf [kirekuam] penniless and low, poor and petty. See furo>-r and cfur. "ham kire bram satIgur sarJ:lai."-sodaru. cftli5' [kil] Skt n stake, nail. 2 flame of fire. "sohat jya barvam! kila."-NP 3 elbow. 4 according to Tantar Shastar an incantation that prevents the effect of its counterpart. "kil patal argala maha tam sahas nam satta jE. "-salah. 5 weapon. 6 pillar, column. 7 A artistic piece, poetic utteral1;ce. 8 P Jf adj bent, oblique. 9 penniless. ~ [kilak] Skt n stake, nail. 2 See cfu? 4.

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cgH

ofu.:>or [kilna] v dig a nail after uttering a mantar. See oth? 4. Those who

~ [kmn:] Skt cgHrar girl upto the age offive

practise Tantar Shastar (black magic) believe that this practice prevents pain and suffering and controls evil spirits and ghosts. 'Ciilw [kila] n stake, nail. See cfu5. ~ [kilal] Skt n water, which extinguishes flames of fire, so called for its capability of extinguishing fire. 2 nectar. 3 one which is tied to a stake; the animal. etlwffi:r [kiiaIClj] n born from waterO!lW"l? [kilal]; lotus. ~ [kilIka], csil"ffi [kili] n nail; small peg. 2 axle of a handmill that stays in the hole in a piece of wood fixed in the centre of rotating grindstone. ":;;riguru pClg hE kilIka mCln dana QhIg kin."-NP. 'Grain stuck to the axle, escapes from getting ground.' q'h~(FlI5" [kilokaI] A JlrjJ! n conversation, dialogue. cfur [kir] a Khatri caste that originated from the Sarin subcaste. "mula kir bClkhal).iE."-BG. cfSr [kira], ofuft [kiri] n male and female ants. 2 termite. "It snal).e bhuI SClVCll). kira IClfIO mas."-sfarid. 3 adjinferior, inane. "kira thapr der patsahi."-mar majh m 1. 'iiit! [kirh] n milk of a cow or a buffalo milked for the first time after calving. A sweet dish called bClhuli is prepared from this milk. cg [ku] suffix ku is used in Punjabi in the sense of 'approximately a little' as in "s::>ku rupClye da mal khridla hE." 2 Skt vr make sound, resound, echo. 3 part low. 4 damned. This prefix imparts derogatory sense to a word as in kuputr (evil son), kukaram (act) etc. 5 n earth, land. ~[kuat] force,strength. "duhtlhathkarkuClt prClharyo."-carItr 56. ~ [kmr], ~Rr [kCm] Skt r,gwo boy upto the age of five years. 2 prince, son of a king. "kan kUClr nlhkaI;'lk."-savEye m 4 ke.

years. 2 princess, daughter of a king. [kuau] n call, cry, shout for help. 2 S advwhere, when. "jlna nEl). nidravle tIna mIICll). kuau."-s farid. 3 See~. ~ [kuah] n sllander; ill [ku] speaking ~ [ahvan]. ~ [kuar] n pi:tcher. "SUIne ka cCluka k;'lcCln kuar."-bas~~t mI. 2: See~. 3 month ofAssu. See ~. 4 adj' unmarried. "kuar k;'lnla jEse kClrClt sigara."--suhi kabir. 5 ghi kuar. L Aloe Perfoliata; also called bmar by many. Its latent effect is warm, dry and it provides relieffrom rheumatic and joint pains. ~ [kuara] adj unmarried. "guru ke sut hE jugClI kuare."'-GPS. See gI-ITO. ~ [kuan], s"fTB1, [kuari] girl upto the age five. 2 girl, maiden. "gachClhu putri raj kuan." -basiH a 1111 1. "rajkuan puradrie."-ram namdev. 3 unmarried girl. "ja kuari ta cau."-s farId. 4 maid servant. "jClcE ghClrI IClchmi kuari."-mala namdev. S morsel, bite. "khftha kal kuari kala."-japu. "considering the body as a morse:1 of death.' ~ [kualwJ, i~l[kualro] adj belonging to a low [ku] house [aIClY]; of a house of ill repute; from a low family. "khClri kualro kUrupI kuIClkhCll).i."-majh am 3. ~ [ku;'lQ] Skt n bow. cgfue' [kun] See CJl?f'Q. "muchI muchI kun rulara."-asa am 1. See~. cgfufu [kurrI] See -g.~. ~ [kUIru] See ~11l'Q. son of a raja, son of a richman. "babal'Val).i phngCli kunu na roti khaI."-asa a m I. [kulla] See mw'. "khftha jaIl kUlIa bhCli."-s keJIbir. Here khnha, means the body. ~ [kui] pran any. "5n p::>l). thn nd kui."-var majh m 1. CJR" [kus] Skt ~fH, n kind of spear grass. 2 water.
~

em,

c.rrew

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3 Kushu, son of Ram. See ~ 6. 4 according to Purans one of the seven islands. "pahuce dip huto kus namu."-NP. 5 a demon killed by Krishan in Dwarika. 6 ploughshare. 7 P kill, put to death; its origin is from ku:;;tan, and used as suffix, it denotes a killer as in mardamku:;; (killer of human beings). 8 P ~ female genital organ, vagina. gl1G [kusat] leprosy. See ~. ~ [kusalJ.] See gF.l'3O. CJJ13' [kusat] P J killed, murdered. 2 Skt n deceit, treachery, guile. 3 See~. ~ [ku:;;taga] P l:JW murdered. cgR33T [kusat-ta] n falsehood. "kusat-ta ko bhale sut bhedyo."-paras. 2 See g3H3T. 9Rffi'i [ku:;;tan] P ~ v kill, put to death. gR3O't [kustani] P ~ deserving to be killed. "grban hrvan haram kustani."-trlJg ill 5. CJH3T [ku:;;ta] P d killed. See WJ3O. 2 n oxide of metals for medical use; calcined metal. rgFtftr [kusatI] Skt ~ n illusion. 2 state of being unreal; falsehood. 3 adv damned with deceit, guile etc. "Ihu sarir kul'i kusatI bharIa gal tai."-gau cMt ill 3. ~ [kusti] adj false. 2 evil doing; immoral act. "bhath kusti gau."-s kabir. 3 P ~ n fight between wrestlers; wrestling bout. ~ [kusatu] Skt g-~ n evil. "muhahu kul' kusatu tIni qhahIa."-var sri ill 4. 2 mean nature. "kul' kusatu trIsna agnI bujhae." -dhana ill 3.3 sloth, absence ofzeal. 4 wealth accumulated through sinful means. i!F.td'etJ [ku:;;tadah] P ~p adjwho kills. C!"f.t'1lH [ku:;;dhvail See 'fft3T. cgm;r [kusna] See cgR3'O. "kusa katia var var." -sri ill 1. ~ [ku:;;nabh] See 6(i(')gaH. ~ [kuspati] n ring of grass worn on the finger next to the little one. Among Hindus, it is regarded auspicious during rites for gods and

forefathers. "gIan janeu dhIan kuspati."

-asa
~
ill

1.

u.J

[ku:;;pur] a town founded by Kush, son of Ram Chandar. See 6(1Jo. 2 old name of Sultanpur in Avadh (Audh). 9RH [kusam] Skt ~. n flower. "pOqar kes kusam te dhaule."-sri beni. Here it means white flower. 2 It has also been used for kusObh: "kusam rag sag rac rahIa."-dev m 5. "dunia rag na avr nel'r jIu kusam patu ghIu pak hara."-maru solhe ill 5. 'Worldly attachment and pleasure have no effect as flower, silk, ghee (fat), piece of leather made from white deer skin, never get defiled.' ~ [kusambIcItra] a metre, also called kusumvIcItra, characterised by four lines, each line arranged as III, ISS, III, ISS. Example: tIn banbasi raghubar jane, dukh sukh sagi sukh dukh mane, baIkal lrke ab ban jrhE', raghupatI sage banphal khrhE'. -ramav. gFIl-ItiI' [kusamay], gF!W [kusama] n bad time, evil age. 2 time of adversity. gm.rrdt [kusmahi] in bloom. "urajh parIO kusmahi."-sar ill 5. 'like a black bee got entangled in the world. ' ~ [kusmajaII] See ~. ~ [kusmaq] See ~. ~ [kusmayudh] See ~. ~ [kusmavaII] See ~. ~ [kusmIt] See ~. "kusmIt ban ki prabha v IlokE'."-GPS. 'are witnessing the splendour ofthe garden in blossom.' cgJreTtt [kusrai], gFJ'"OT3' [kusrat] See cg~. "tumre tan hr kusrai."-krrscm. cgm;r [kusal] Skt cgJ:l?? n welfare, happiness. "In brdhr kusal hot mere bhai. "-gau m 5. "mit ke kartab kusal samana."-gau ill 5. 2 blessing.

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"kusa1 kusa1 karte jag blnsE."-gclV kabir. 3 adj wise, clever. 4 erudite. ~ ihr [kusa1 khem] n welfare and ease, pleasure and happiness. "kusa1 khem sabh bhara."-sor m 5. "kusa1 khem prabhu apI basae."-gau m 5. ~ [kusalta], ~ [kus1at] n state of wellbeing; feeling of being content; happiness. 2 wisdom, cleverness. "kahe ki kus1at hath dip kue parE?"-s kabir. gw [kusa] Skt ~ n dabh, a kind of spear grass regarded holy by Brahmans; they use it during worship and spread it underneath a dying person. "thaI lIpaI kusa blchvai."-NP. 2 See~. "kusa katia var var."-sri m 1. '1 may be butchered.' 3 P Lif adj used as suffix in the sense of opener or giver as in dI1kuf;'a. gwfu [kusaI] See. ~~. 2 P .:_Lif adj which opens. ~ [kuf;'alf;'] P J;!Lif n freedom, liberty, generosity. CJJf'Jic'l [kusasan] Skt 'fj,!1IIl:1'""1JO{ asan (seat) made ofa kind ofkuf;' (spear grass). Spreading of it is regarded as sacred in the Hindu religious scriptures. 2 maladministration. ~ftr [kuf;'agrabuddhI] adj having sharp intellect like the tip of slPear grass, i.e. very intelligent, perspicacious. .~ [ku$ad] P opened. 2 ~Jlft,f open. "dono ca$amku$ad nI$asatahI samuhe."-NP. 'with both eyes open.' ~ [ku$adah] See ~ 2. ~ [ku$adgi] P ~vJ n fn~edom, opposite of openness. 2 absence of restriction. ~ [ku$adan] P l:JJvJ v open. 2 set free. ~ [ku$ada] See ~ 2. 9WH3' [kusamat] See ~. "kahu kusamat kar khu$1et."-GPS. ~~ [ku$ayadahkar] P ~(~.A1:~ adj helpful in starting work or in managing it;

who generously removes hurdles hindering work. ~ [kusali] Sec~ ljlirm-. 2 ~ adj ill-natured, mean-minded. '''go garib ko hatE kusali."-NP ~ [kUSlk] Skt ~rfuc':f n a king who was father of Gadhi and grandfather of Vishvamitm'; Kausik subcaste has originated from him. gRt [kusi] adj descending from Kush. According to Vachitar Natak, Vedis are descendants of Kush and Sodhis of Lav. See~. "lavi sarab jite kusi sarab hare."--VN. 2 who has kU$ (speargrass); wearing kU$. 3 ploughshare, which tears the land.. 4 Vishvamitar, the sage, who belonged to the dynasty of Kusak. ~ [kusid] Skt n interest; its pronunciation as kU$id is also corn~ct. 9lJlT [kusudh] adjimpious, malevolent. "hrrda kusudh laga moh kur."-sar m 4. "kala kusudh haumE malu lai. "--maru solhe m 3. 2 incorrect, wrong. 91JtlT [kusudha] a.dj impure, contaminated. 2 bent, curved. '''sis l1IVaIE kla thiE ja rIdE kusudhe jaln?"-var asa. cpJg" [kusudhu] See g1JLIr. cgJJlJQ [kusupur] Kushpur. See ~. C!lf9" [kusubhJI Skt n agnI$Ikh (flame offire); a plant bearing golden sa:ff1owers. 2 its flower. 3 long-necked earthern pitcher. 4 Skt cpf~ small bag jin a poisonous creature wherein poison remains stored; venom bag. ~ [kusubhrag] colour obtained from safflowers. 2 transient colour; in Gurbani, the pleasure drawn from worldly things is compared to the colour ofa safflower.-gatha. CJ~ [kusObhra], gJj'~~ [kusubhro], gJj'~ [kusubha] See~' and gff~. 2 having the colour of a safflower. 3 Dg opium juice got through dripping whIch trickles like the colour of safflower. Sel~ cuj.~ 2.

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[kusObhil adj dyed in the colour of water (ku~), lotus. "sag parag kusesay hera." -NP. 2 blue lotus. 3 crane. safflower. 2 colourful like a safflower. gfu; [kusdl adjevil mountain; mountain without 91JH [kusuml Skt n flower. 2 menses. water and trees. "cetak se cItr caru cJpakha cgJJl-IF.Rl' [kusum~ar 1n one who has ~ar (arrows) kusd si."-c;)rI tr 12. ofkusum (flowers); Kamdev. ~ [kusumcapl n one who has a bow of ~ [kusolu:m], ~ [kusolu:U] adj unshapely, ugly. 2 graceless, disgraceful. "kUrupI kusohDi flowers; Kamdev. parhan choQi bhatar."-var sri m 3. 91JH ~ [kusumvIcItral See ~. ~ [kusumajalIl n palmful flowers. "dev ~ [kusag], ~ [kusagatI] n association with immoral persons; deceitful company. kusumajalI arpE."-saloh. 2 a Maithil "kusagatI bahahI sada dukh pavahI."-maru Brahaman named Udyan (Udyanacharya) who in his times was an unparalleled scholar of solhe m 3. logic. A treatise entitled 'Kusumanjal' was ~ [kusagi] adjwho has got into bad company; associated with ignoble persons. "sagI kusagi written by him in which he refuted Buddhism bEste."-s kabir. 2 bad companion. and proved the existence of God by citing forceful evidences. This book is rated very high ~ [kusapJ, ~ [kusapadl n ill luck, misfortune. 2 damned property; wealth piled among the community of scholars. through cruelty and evil means. ~ [kusumayudhl n one who has flowers as his weapons; Kamdev who wears arrows iSH!iJ'reM [kusabhaIle] in the colour ofsafflower. made of flowers. "tu urajh pano kusabhaIle."-g5Q m 5. ~[kusumavalI] n row of flowers; bunch iS1! [ku~tl See dlrM3g~. of flowers; string of flowers. ~ [ku~ti] See wit. ~ [kusumIt] adj in bloom, blossoming. 9J'1: (ku~th] See dlrM3iS~. 2 a medicine named kuth; costus speciousus; its latent effect is g1J [kusul See egA" 3 and ~ 6. 9JJ3' [kusut] n entangled cotton yarn. 2 mal- warm and dry. It gives relief from defects in blood, increases semen and lessens phlegm. administration; mismanagement. It should be used as directed by an expert ~ [kusudhal See ~'. physician. Taking its overdose is harmful ~[kusur] Kushpur, a town in Lahore district, which is a tehsil headquarters and is ajunction because it is a poisonous material. It is exported on N. W.R. It is mentioned in Vichitar Natak from Kashmir to many countrie~ and is highly that this town was founded by Kush, son of priced. Ram : "tahi tInE badhe dUI purva. ek kusur 'iSl'it [ku$thi] Skt ~ adj who suffers from dutiy lahurva." Khalsa Dal captured this town leprosy; leper. in Sammat 1817 (1760 AD) and killed its ruler CJlJ [ku~t], ~ [ku$tanl, CJ"F.ft:tr [ku$tadah] See Asman Khan. In 1807 AD Maharaja Ranjit gFI3", 9F.f3O and ~. Singh, with Akali Phula Singh's help, killed its cgflpft [kusntil See W'Ifu. ruler Kutabuddin and annexed the territory of iSU [kuhl adj a few, some. 2 See ~. 3 Skt part where, at what place. 4 Dg n Kuber. Kasur into the Sikh kingdom. 2 A.J~ fault, CJijOl' [kuhak] Skt n deceit, trick. 2 crowing of a guilt, crime. cock. 3 thug. 4 Skt~; cooing; a melodious ~ [ku$e$ayl n one which sleeps ($ay) on
~

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note. "kuhkanI kokla taral juani."--v<JQ chJt CJfu [kuhI] adv after killing, after butchering. m 1. 5 See CJQa. "kuhI bakra rfnI khaIa."-varasa. ~ [kuhkat] chirps, coos, See ~ 2.. "kuhkat cgftn;r [kuhII] Ski guf/is" adj having betel-leaf in kapat"-kan m 5. 'gives hypocritical cries.' the mouth; having lips reddened with betel. i,jJdaSiC! [kuhakbaD] See ~we. 2 See CJ(TI'l'. ~ [kuhkIara] ~ [kuhII~m] adj (woman) wearing . See of(Jmn-sr. -~ [kuhDa] See cg'f.!3('). "jia kuhat na sagE collyrium on eyelids and gesturing with her praDi."-g<JU m 5. 2 ku-hanan. heinous killing, eyes. "laDi kuh:Iilan avai parvelI pIari."-BG. merciless butchering, sldughtering in accordance 'A fickle but lame woman with collyrium in with the Muslim law. her eyes belonging to someone else is always ~ [kuhathra], ~ [kuhatha] adj damned attractive and appealing to a licentious person.' place. 2 a spot which when touched by hand, i!"dt [kuhi] Skt cgfi:r n black-eyed bird of prey causes disgust; a filthy part of the body. of the hawk species, called ~ahin kuhL Its "vasado kuhathrE thaI."-jct val'. "kuhathi jai height is equal to that of a hyena. It has all sItIa."-val' asa. 'in a filthy place.' the qualities found in a falcon; it is a female; (Jual wfu [kuhathi jaIl damned place, See its male is called ~ [kohiIa]; its colour is reddish black, but occasionally black as well. ~. It is not native to Punjab, but migrates from "i,jJUO [kuhan], cgB?iT [kuhna] See ~. 2 P ~ other countriies at the beginning of winter. A or .;( adj old, dilapidated. 3 Dg depraved, roguish. 4 jealous. trained kuhi hunts well; it renders great help in the hunting of walter fowls particularly. It ~ [kuhar] Skt n hole. 2 pit. 3 glottis; passage starts hovering over the lake on which the in the throat, through which vocal cords water fowls are Boating. Fearing it, they do produce sound. "kIlkat kuhar kar."-ramav. not fly and the hunter shoots them with his 4 sound of birds like crows etc. 5 See ~. gun. It goes on hovering over them. The ~ [kuhra] See ~. gmft [kuhri] n bird of prey. See ~. frightened ducks return to sit again on the lake water where the hunter gets a big game. If gm;r [kuhal] A n black sulphite ofantimony, its offspring is reared, it accompanies the collyrium. 2 adj skilful in gesturing with the hunter for many years Like the hawk. Falco eyes. 3 See ~. Peregrinator. "siha baja carga kuhia ina ~ [kuhram] a town in the Kaushal region, khavale ghahu."-var majh m 1. See ~l.1GIT. where Kaushalya was born. Some people think 2 xa sickle, a serrated blade with a handle that Ghuram in Patiala state is the same for cutting grass. Kuhram, but it is not so. See WR? "kuhram jaha sunIye sahra; tahI kosal raj nnpes bara; i!"dt ~ ~ [kuhi cia ~J[kar] n sport of hunting with a kuhi (f<alcon). 2: xa act of cutting grass upji tfh dham suta kusIa; jfh jit Iai sasIasu with a sickle. kala."-ramav. ~ [kuhir] SkI 'W~ n mist, fog. "jEse kuhir ~ [kuhar] n pit for drawing water; a well nIvar karE hUI sur UdE mukh ty6 pragtai." without brick-lining. ~ [kuhara], ~ [kuhari], ~ [kuhara], -NP. ~ [kuhIla] See cgjj' and ~. ~ [kuhariJ n axe, small axe. See ~.

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See gtita". 2 log of wood on which a pulley is placed for drawing water from a deep well with a leather bag. ~ [kuhuk] Sid n melodious sound of singing birds; chirping sound. 2 See guor. 9~aa'C! [kuhukbaI).l a kind of arrow with a hole in the tip. As the arrow goes with speed, it produces a whistling sound. "teg tir tuphag tabraru 1 kuhukabaI). anat."-cJqi 2. Many people believe that this arrow is made of bamboo pieces and it produces sound while in flight. ~ [kuhukIaral See~. "mor kuhukIara sabad mukh paIa."-g,m m 4. ~ [kuhul Skt n new moon night. 2 sound of a peacock or cuckoo. 3 In Purans, river Kubul is named as Kuhu. ~ [kuhuk] See ~. ~ [kuhuk;'ith] n cuckoo that coos from the throat. 2 adjhaving a melodious throat like that ofa cuckoo. i8''fr3' [kuhet] n ill-will, want of affection. 2 hypocritical love; love with a painful ending. ~ [kuhelal n See ~. ~ [kuheril See gtita". ~ [kukahl n elephant grass; tall grass that grows by the bank of a river, and is used for making baskets. "kukahkahaSI phule."-tukha barahmaha. 'Elephant grass and seed grass have grown.' i.e. the hair has turned grey. 2 rice maturing in winter. ~ [kukatl Skt ~ n cock. cgait [kuktil Skt ~ hen. cgaoFr [kuknasl, ~ [kuknus], 9O!Q11 [kuknus] G ~ phoenix. Greek poets have held that a phoenix sings a lot and by singing dipak ragthe melody of fire - it burns itself to ashes. During the rainy season, from its ash is produced an egg from which a phoenix is
'tabar-aru, tabar-ate.

~ [kuhir]

hatched; it is genderless but it reproduces itself only in the above-mentioned way. '9"Q'9 [kukabhl See ~. rj"QH [kGkaml Skt 't6~'tlOj n saffron; a dye from Kashmir. "kGkam tIlak bhal me kino."--GPS. 2 short for kumkuma. "ban cale tei kGkam manahu."-krrsan. See~. i8'creH [kukaraml n deceitful action, act of meanness, evil deed. See H3"~. ~ [kukarmil adj who does evil deeds; vicious. ~ [kukral swollen hair, root-cell in the eye lids; granulated cell. See gcffi. ~ [kukril hen. 2 curved dagger shaped like the nail of a lion kept by the Napalese; it is kept tied to the waist. 3 roll of cotton yarn. "bIkherat hE kukri bIstare."--GPs. See cga;ft. i8'crit [kukre] trachoma. Skt -ii~ granular lid. cJlP?JJI.7, On the inner side of eye lids, small hair root cells get swollen and cause irritation like particles of sand resulting in severe pain. Eyes get red, water keeps flowing. Expert doctors should be consulted for the treatment of this ailment. The common remedy is that forty tolas ofkI$ta (a kind of peach), bark of chebulic myrobulan (harar) three tolas, essence of Indian barbery (ras5t) five tolas, and turmeric three tolas should each be soaked, in half a seer of water separately for twelve h(:mrs. After mixing all these, the liquid should be filtered and the residue discarded and boiled in a utensil. One tola of opium may be put in it. When the syrup becomes dense, it should be kept in a phial with its lid closed. Putting this medicine into the eyes with a needle cures trachoma. Ash ofzinc and copper mixed with antimony can be usefully put in the eyes. Before sleep, they should be washed with rose water and

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kept protected from dust and sunlight. [kukri] cock, hen. "Msa seti CItu ulasahI kukar di oQari.-var gau 2 m 5. 2 cob of maize. 3 fruit of akk (calotropis procera). ~ [kukijE] call, cry. 2 calls, cries. "guru kaQhi bah kukij."-kali a m 4. 'cri(~s with arm raised upward.' ~ [kukubh] See ~. 2 a mountain in Orissa. cj~ [kukum] See cjcm. cjegw [kukuma] See ~. cia; [kukk] a branch of Jatts of Gill subcaste. Kukks are settled in twenty-two villages in Hoshiarpur area. ciQ;f [kukkar], ciq;ft [kukkri] See ~- ~. ciw [kukka] belonging to Kuk subcaste. See ciar. ci9G' [kukkut] See ~. ci~ [kukko] a Vadhan Khatri, who became a disciple of Guru Hargobind. He turned a great warrior and benefactor" His son, Ananta, was also virtuous like his father. ~ [kukna] See ~. CJfc!a" [kuknt] n misdeed. "kuknt karam je jag me karhi."- VN. "kukn t pranasankari" -hajare 10. (Jft!w [kuknya] n immoral act, bad deed. "kuknya tIh nam su jodh gan;'}." -paras. ~ [kuk1?I], -g'cr [kukkh] n abdomen. 2 womb. 3 cavern, cave. c!cr ~ ~ [kukkh hari hODi] be pregnant. CJfl:r [kukhI] See cgfur. ~ [kukhyatI] n disrepute, notoriety. (Jorf3' [kugatI] n bad condition, sad plight. 2 evil conduct. (Jfar>,rro't [kugIani] adj having perverted knowledge; who has negative thinking; one without true awareness ofreality, but claiming to be omniscient. "sath kathor kucil kugIani."savye sri mukhvak m 5.
~ [kukar], ~

cjolt [kGgi] n saffron coloured ant which is very small. It destroys fields of wheat and barley. Ustilago Tritici. cjqr [kGgu] safflower, See cjcm. "karDi kugu je ralE ghat ;'}tan puja. hoI."- guj m 1. 2 a red coloured powder prepared by mixing turmeric and amla (phyllauntnus emblica), with which the Vaishnav males decorate their foreheads, and the ladies put its line in the parting oftheir hair. craf'q [kUg~ldh], cfl::r [kug;'}dhI] n foul smell, stink, unpleasant odour. "adhIk kugadh nnpatI jab ayo."-cantr 236. ~ [kugyani] See (~. 'CJ6' [kuc] Skt n breast, teat. 2 See citr. cjtr[kGc] Seecjtfo. 2 Skt~slough ofa snake. "sapu kOc ChOQE bIkh nahi chaQ."-asa
namdev. cgtI'ii [kUCdj] Skt:~ n immoral act, bad deed. 2 improper way of doing work. (Jtl'W [kucaja] Skt ~ adj immoral, vile. 2 not knowing the proper method of doing work. CJtrtft [kucaji], sr,f,:ft [kucajji] Skt ~ adj a loose woman. Guru l\lanak Dev has taught virtue to loose women in his hymn entitled 'kucaji' written illl suhi rag. "m;'}j1u kucaji ;'}mavaD dosre." godhan ke grah paDi phEkat. kabi uthaI na gobar phos, bn phurav<3t thariya me dhar suhaD sekat nah aphsos, nice bEthi laghi kaT uce "das" khari pInr lare paros, nhavaD bEthi cher d;'}dEye ap kucajji berhe dos. -bava ramdas ji. cj'en [kGcan] Ski ~ n hesitation; contraction. i!w [kucar] Skt~: elephant. gtlaIl:R(')',o [kGcar ~snan] n act-ion ~ot pra"'Cf!sed in life. As an elephant throwsdust'on his head

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after a bath, likewise is, a preacher's going putting on soiled dress. See ~~. against his own advice. "namk mhphal jat ~ [kucilta] n impurity, lack of cleanliness tIh jIu kucar Isnanu."-s ill 9. 2 fruitless of clothes. See ~ and ~. actions. ~ [kucel], ~ [kucEl], gBw [kucEla] adj ~ [kucarca] futile discussion, discussion (female) wearing condemned clothes; who sans substance, wrong argumentation. "chaQI wears dirty dress. kucarca an na janahI."-gcw kabir. ~tf [kucc] Skt ~ n weaver's brush. rgtreW [kucarja] Skt gWT n immorality, loose gs [kuch] some. See C\. conduct. ~ [kuchdf] Skt gfu-Fl:R? lap. "kdr pIar pIU ~ [kucri] n female elephant. 2 snake's kuchdf lita."-BG slough. "kucri jyo ahrraj tdjE."-krrsan. [kuchafI] in the lap. ct~ [kucria] elephant. See cfBO. "tdlE kucria ~ [kuchIt] Skt gqfJ=r3' adj maligned. SIr kdnIk chatria."-asa ill 5. 2 snake's "manmukh kucil kuchIt bIkraIa."-gau a ill 1. slough. 3 adj who keeps an elephant. 2 barren, unproductive (land); land that does ~ [kucdl] Skt gmT adj speaking ill of others. not produce grains and grass. 3 not deserving. "Ik kucdl kucil bIkhIipte."-asa a ill 3. 2 See ~ [kuchot] adj untouchable, whose contact is believed to defile. See ~. ~.3See~and~. ~ ~ [kucdl kucil] mal igned and dirty. See ~'f: [kucch] some. See C\. gee? and ~. "hdill kucdl kucil dtI dbhImani ~s;r [kucchdf], ~~ [kucchdfI] See ~ and . mIh sdbde mEl utari."-raill a ill 3. ~ [kuCdIna] V crush, trample, grind, tread, ~m [kucchI], ~6ft [kucchi] See ~Cf. gA' [kuj] Skt n born [jd] from the earth [ku]; stamp. Mars, a planet. "SdmdS sdni mukh SdSI kuj ~ [kuc1a] Skt ~ and CflI'CIi91I'C n a tree sdnyo."-GPs. 'Beard is black like the colour found at many places in India especially in of Saturn, face is like the moon but is one with Bengal and Madras. Its poisonous fruit is so Mars,' i.e. the face is luminous like the moon named and is used in medicines. L Strychnos but not white; it is reddish like Mars. Nuxvomica. The latent effect of it is warm 2 Tuesday. "kuj dIn me $ri SdtIgUru joti jotI and dry; it purifies blood and cures piles. Its mIIas."-GPS. 3 tree, that grows from the fruit is used for killing dogs and rats. earth. 4 Narkasur; Bhaumasur: According to ~ [kucar], ~ [kucari], ~ [kucal], ~ a legend in Purans, the earth, having mated [kucaIi] n reprehensible conduct, licentiousness, with Varah the god, gave birth to Narkasur, depravity. "brhkucar."-kalki. 2 adj immoral, from which emerged the name Kuj. See~. depraved. "gdhI rnaryo PItSdtru kucari." ctH [kuj] Skt n a place in the forest, which is -GPS. ctfu3' [kucIt] Skt~~ adjcoiled, curly. "dIka covered by shrubs and creepers on all the four kuc f t. "---aha varsaillr It. sides but is cleared within; glade; arbour. 2 path forged by elephants etc through a dense gfin;r [kuCIl] See ~ and ~. "kuCII kathor forest. 3 See cftr 2. "kUjdhI tyag bhujag kapat kami."-kan ill 5. sIdharyo."-krIsan. 4 P corner, bank. eftit [kuci] See cftr 2. 2 armour. 3 See cfm. :; narrow street. ~ [kucH] Skt ~ adj wearing dirty clothes;

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~~

[kujja] See ~w. CJ5" [kujh] ad) some; any, something, a little. horse, in which the rider keeps essential i3G [kut] Skt ~, vr bend, cheat, clip, heat up, . provisions. "hayan kGjke bhat gan lae."-GPS. rub, slander. 2 n mountain, direction. 3 hammer, ci~it [kGjakuti] a cottage in a glade. Skt sledge. 4 house. 5 fort, castle. 6 tree. cf~ See cj;::r and ~. 7 pinnacle-shaped pitcher, earthen pitcher. cf~ [kGjagli] See cj;::r 2. "kGjaglin me khel 8 a plant naml~d ku;;~h (kuth), found in macayo."-knscm. Kashmir. See W~ 2. ~'ijT [kGjpura] village of Wazir Khan, cfc [kGt] direction, side. "can kGt dah dIS governor of Sirhind, in Kamal. Banda Bahadur bhrame."-ma)l1.baral1mal1a. 2 pond. "hanjan razed it in 1768 AD. amntkGt sar nike."--ram m 4. cf;::r ~ [kGj bIhari] See et~. 9GtT [kutaj] n an ascetic named Agast who was cf~ [kGjmed], cj;:::ri{q [kGjmedh] n an oblation born from a pitcher. 2 Dronacharya was also to worship gods in which an elephant is born fr.om a pitcher. 3 a tree also called kura whose seeds are Idarj3. A decoction ofkutaj bark sacrificed. "hayad I kGjmed rajsu bIna na bhdrmal).;:)."-gyan. cures dysentery. L Ho larrhena Antidysenterica. cf'ffif [kGjar I Skt n one who lives in a glade in' 9Git [kutl).i], ~o't [kutni] Skt ~ a procuress, the kGj (thick forest); elephant. "ekal mati kGjar female panderer who acts as a go-between. citi."-mali namdev. "cor;:) jara rac;l.ia kumia di bal).u."-var sul1i m 1. cf'ffif l)fFfO [kGjar asan] Dg n elephant's food, C3zs i eMI [kutbaqhla] ad} engaged in the work peepal tree. of cutting and skinning. "meri jatI ~[kujrat]A ":;"I~ "kujratkamal."-aka1269. kutbaqhla."-mala rav:rdas. 'The job of my cjtrnTfu [kGjran] n elephant's enemy, lion. 'carnal" caste is cllltting and skinning of ~ ~ [kujran nadani] a gun that makes animals.' sound similar to that of its enemy, the lion. 'C3'GM" [kutal] See j~). -sanama. ~ [kutvar] See ~~. 2 guard of a police ~ [kGjri] n female elephant. 2 army of post. elephants.-sanama. 3 ad) who keeps ~ [kutvari] n duty of police officer of a elephants. station house. See ~3<~. "duta c;lanau Ih cf;::r ~ [kOj vIhari] ad) wandering on foot kutvari meri."--ram kabir. 2 job of a fort's on the paths of a forest. 2 n Krishan Dev. guard. 9W [kuja] Skt n Sita, who was born from ku cfcr [kuta] See cj'~. 2 pond. See cjc 2. "sdhdj (the earth). 2 P , advwhere, at what place. katha ke amnt kuta."-gau m 5.3 See cjz. "kuja amad kuja rdphti."--tI15g namdev. ~ [kutI] adv by crushing. 2 Skt n twist, cgtIT3" [kujat], cg;::rrfu [kujatI] n condemned caste; arrogance, curve. 3 cottage, hut. low caste. 2 ad) belonging to a low caste. See ~ [kutIl] Skt ad) bent, curved. 2 deceitful, ~. treacherous . 3 tangled. "kutIl gath jab khol cftit [kuji] Skt t"t:RiCflI n key. "kuji jInI kau dev."-bIlakabir. 'knot of illiteracy. , dItia."-var sal' m 2. 'key to spiritual Poets have described the following things knowledge.' as crooked: lock of hair, snake, lion's nail,

cfi1c{ [kGjak], cj'i'!O(T [kGjka] P /kept on the edge. See cj;::r 4. a bag tied to the saddle of the

9"w

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boar's tusk, parrot's beak, moon in the second tic<! [kuttaD] See ctZ(!T. 2 n procurer, panderer. phase ofthe bright halfof a month, and a bow. tiG<!T [kuttDa] v beat, thrash. See rgc vr. ~ [kutIlta] n bend, curve. 2 guile, deceit. tiGit [kutt-Di] n a procuress female panderer. See cgco9". "bethat uthat kutIlta ealahI. "-gdU kdbir. "harI kati kutIlta."-sar ill 5. ti~ [kutmIt-hav] n in poetics, a female ~ [kup] thatched hut of leaves and grass. In desire to express feelings ofthe mind, through Sanskrit kutI and kuti both are correct. a gesture of anger when actually she is happy. ~ [kupeak] Skt n an ascetic who is revered ti~ [kutti] n cuttings, fragments of paper etc. in his own hut; a sanyasi who does not forsake go [kuth] See W! 2. the sacred thread and tuft of hair and does rio [kuth] Skt ~ vr surround, blunt. 2 adj religious service like offering evening prayer blunt; without a sharp edge. 3 dull-minded, etc and for begging does not go to other's door obtuse. except of his own relatives. Kutichak is ~ [kuthDaJ v kill, butcher. cremated and his last rites are performed as ~ [kuthrIya] n See ~. 2 prison cell. usual. "ek kuthrIya bie ray ko rakhIo."-CdrItr 6. ~ [kutiear] treacherous, deceitful. 2 Skt n gar [kutha] S adj butchered, killed. ascetic who dwells in a cottage; one living in a 2 slaughtered in the Muslim way. "abhakhIa hut. 3 pig, which lives in water and eats the ka kutha bakra khaDa."-var asa. See ~ 2. roots of darnel and lotus. ~ [kuthau], ~[kuthaIJ, ~[kuthahar] iJ"iRr [kutir] Sktn very small cottage in which n evil place, ill-reputed place. 2 discomforting another person cannot stay. place. gll" [kutub] See ~. ~ [kuthar] Skt n axe. "kaQhI kuthar cj-z- [kute] adj deceptive, tricky. "krIa kute khasamI SIr katIa.';-brla ill 5. 2 tree. 3 big room, storehouse, house for provisions. 4 Skt nIrahar."-sor ill 5 pd[tal. ~ [kutev] n bad habit, depravity. "ta trIy ki W!Tfu medicine for curing leprosy. "kaQhI kutev nahI jai."-CdrItr 313. "kathIn kutev na kuthar pIt bat hata."-to<;li ill 5. 'Kushthar mItat. "-BGK. decoction removes all the three types of ~ [kutatar] See ~~. miasma, vitiated air and phlegmpsora, syphlis ClioG [kutanat] Skt n fragrant grass. 2 a shrub, and sycosis. ' which is called kevatmotha. 3 boatman, sailor. ~ [kutharI], ~ [kuthari] n small axe. 4 water carrier. "kati kutIlta kutharI."-sar ill 5.2 See ~. "In akhlIn ki karE kuthari."-GPS. 'As metals ~ [kutab] Skt ~Kf n offspring, children. 2 family, household. "kutab jatan kan).a."-var are melted in a goldsmith's crucible, so should all evils be destroyed.' 3 incharge ofprovision jEt. 9i'aT [kutabi] adj having a family. 2 belonging house; storekeeper. 4 adj who has an axe. ~ [kutharu] See cgQT"a". 2 Skt monkey. to a family, of the family. tic; [kuttJ n beating, thrashing. See ctZ(!T. 2 a 3 tree. 4 armourer. 5 treasure. metal, which is very brittle, prepared by beating ~ [kuthali] Skt cg-FEl"'"ffi n earthern platter; earthen crucible in which a goldsmith melts several metals. "bhanIa bhaQa kut da." metals like gold, silver etc. -illdgO.

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cifcs'3' [kuthIt] adj blunt. "jahf kuthIt hVE man

bani."-NP
~ [kuthJr] n bad place, ill-reputed place.

2 improper time. Skt ~ vr protect, preserve. 2 n that which protects water; pit. 3 reservoir. "jEse abh kO<;l. brI rakhIO parat sfdhu galI jaha." -asa m 5. 4 pit for keeping fire, pit dug as described in the Shastars (holy manuscripts) for oblation to the god of fire. See ~"fI. 5 eighty-six deep pits of hell made especially to punish evil-doers. See e<ill'dl~3 "R'Cfu 9 ch 37. 6 (according to Hindu Shastars) son J born to a woman from her paramour while her husband is alive. See ~ fRfljfo a 4 ~ 23. 7 also used for kut (direction). "tfh catur kO<;l. jItyo dubar."-gyan. "so cahu kO<;l.i ja!)iE."-var majh m 2. 8 in Punjabi also used for Persian kudo ci~ [kO<;l.ria] See ci"fIffirr. rt"fIllj [kO<;l.al] Skt n circumference. "re nar garabh kO<;l.al jab achat."-sri beni. "garabh kO<;l.al mahI uradhdhIani. "-maru solhe m 1. 2 a circular shaped ornament worn in the ears; ear-ring. "kani ku<;l.al gaii mahan ki mala." -gauam 1. ci~ [kO<;l.lani] Skt ci~. n according to Tantar Shastar and Yog, a nerve so named because it is at the root of Sulkhmana nerve serving as entrance making a spiral of three and a half rounds and lying quietly like a snake. It can be activated by practising Yog and it begins to rise towards the ultimate stage of realisation through Sukhmana (the spinal chord). As it moves upward, the Yogi feels bliss; the highest spiritual stage for a Yogi is to stay the Kundalini in Dasamdwar and not let it come down. It has also been named as

ci"fI [ku<;l.]

bhujagma (serpent power) 2 jalebi, a kind of sweet meat. 3> according to the tenets of Sikhism, Kundalini is the name for the knot of ignorance; confused state of mind. "kO<;l.lani surjhi sat sagatI."-SavE,ye m 4. ci~ [kfjc;lalakar] ad} round, coil-shaped. ci~ [kOI~lIni] See ci~. ci~ [kO<;l.IIya] See it"fIffirr. ~ [kO<;l.Ili] adf who has worn ear-rings. 2 cicumference, circle. 3 horoscope in which houses [kO<;l.al] of planets are made by lines; snake. 5 jalebi (a sweetmeat). ~ [ku(Hia] who wears earrings. See ci"fI1? "kan ku<;l.lia bastra o<;l.hlia."-asa m 5. ci~ [kO<;l.lia] adj who wears earrings. 2 n snake. 3 hook, fishhook.. "jIu min kO<;l.1ia kathI paI."-bas.H a m 1. 4 a matrIk stanza, characterised by six lines, first two lines forming a couplet, followed by four -a-w [rola] lines, each having twenty-four matras, first pause at the eleventh and the second at the next thirteenth. According to its style, traditionally called sfghavalokan myay, the last part of the second line of the couplet initiates the roJa and the last line of the roJa initiates the couplet. Due to circular repetition of phrases, the metre is named as 'kO<;l.1ia'. This metre belongs to kala~ category. Example: "onam sri satIguru cara!), adI purakh ade~, ek anek lJIbak saSI, ghat ghat ka parve~, ghat ghat ka parv'e~, ~e~ pahI kahIt na aVE, netI net I kahI net, bed badijan gaVE, adI maddh aru at, hute hut hE pun honam, adI purakh ade~, cara!) SrI satguru onam"
-BGK.

lIt is named kDQ because it destroys a dynasty. vr ~m

[kUQIJ means to burn.

(b) Dasam Granth has a kO<;l.1ia offour lines. The first two lines form a couplet and the next two lines make a rola as in: "dinan ki raccha namIt, kar hE ap upay,

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param purakh pavan sada, ap pragat hE ay,- ~ [kul).ap] Skt n corpse, dead body. ap pragat hE ay, din raccha ke karal). CJa1>w [kul).ia] n with which water (ka) is brought avtari avtar, dhara ke bhar utaral).."-k;;,lki. (al).ia); cupped hands. 2 pitcher-like vessel (c) In sf ghavalokan myay, if phrases with a handle. "mdibarr kyo pivie kUl).ia na occurring in the ku<;l;;,lia are in yamak format, let?"-GPS. the metre gets more fascinating. In yamak the cj'-o [kut] Skt n which digs the earth (ku); spade. words remain the same but the meaning differs 2 cock. "bhUnsar bhai dhunr kut kai."-NP as: 3 lance, spear. 4 louse. 5 water. 6 lotus. 7 adj "hala I sev;;,n jrn kari kalnrmatral). din, horrible, frightening. sukh sapatr ko khoy kE, bh'le at atr din,- CJ'3'R3' [kutsat] See ~. din duni ko man, tan nrj tan ko khoyo, g3'R3T [kutsata], cg3W [kutsa] Skt ~ n slander. brkh beli ko bij, apne hathan boyo, 2 insult, disrespect. harr vrrje1;l kulkan tyag karte mukh kala, ~ [kutsrt] adjdamned, condemned. "bhu sahE nIradar nrty, phIrE dar dar bad-hala". kutsrt karam."-;;,kal. 2 insulted, dishonoured. ~ [kutka] T ,.iJ n thick but short stick; club. cj'~ [ku<;llikrrt] spiral-shaped, spiralled, curl-shaped. "bhramat ku<;llikrr ta."-rama v. See~. cj'ar [ku<;la] direction, side. See cj~. "care ku<;la CJ3tI' [kutap] Skt n sun. 2 fire. 3 Brahman. 4 guest. 5 cow. 6 nephew; sister's son. <;lhu<;lhia."-asa ;;, m 1. 2 See ct~. 3 chain for 7 grandson; daughter's son. 8 musical fastening the door. 4 goad. "namk hasti ku<;le instrument. 9 speargrass. 10 afternoon. bahra."-var guj m 3. 5 ring in which some thing can be fastened. CJOlf [kut'lb] A ~ n pole; north and south poles. 2 small peg around which the millstone cj''lft [ku<;li] fishhook. 2 small chain to fasten revolves. 3 chief, head, president. 4 A the flaps of a door. 3 in the direction. "cahu ku<;licahujugjate."-bIha cMtm 4.4 Dghorse; ~ pluraloffcEra'. the name derives from curving the front feet ~ [kutabxan] subedar ofJallandhar during like a coil while trotting gracefully. the reign of Shah Jahan, who was a cousin of ~ [kuQ.:J1] adj not having a proportionate Painde Khan. He presented Painde Khan shape; misshaped, clumsy. 2 n bad plan, wrong before the emperor and with his army attacked method. Guru Hargobind Sahib. The sword ofthe Guru redeemed him in the battle of Kartarpur. CJW [ku<;lhab], CJ~OT [ku<;lhag] n improper method, bad behaviour. 2 adj ill-managed, ~ [kutabxana] library. i3dael(') [kutabdin] See ~&. clumsy, ill-mannered. CJC!W [kul).ka] See ~. 2 equal to a mote; a ~w [kutabnuma] P ()~ compass, the needle of which points to the north because of very small quantity ofsweet pudding distributed magnetic force. It is very helpful to the sailors. in the Sikh shrines. 3 ka+ah prasad is also called kUl).ka. "khavE kUl).ka va<;lkE."-mago. mariner's compass. ~ [kul).akkha] adj looking sideways through ~ [kutabminar] See ~9\!1(') ~. the corner ofthe eye, looking in a slanting way. ~ [kutba] See~. "oh kutba mera pa+ange vrc doho jahana."-jagnama. 2 squint-eyed. 'wine. ~ [kutbiJ A a sect of the Muslims.

J!

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2 adj related to Kutab. Clldytfl(') [kutabuddin] d .....l1......b~adjthe Pole Star . of religion; what sustains religion. 2 a cruel subedar of Jalandhar, who perpetrated unbearable atrocities upon the Sikhs at one time. While he was hunting 0111 the banks of Beas river, Bagh Singh captured him all of a sudden and burnt him alive. 3 ruler of Kusur. See gJJO 1. 4 See 't?l(') ~. ~dyl(') tl:l"Q [kutubuddin Ebak] ~'c[...Jl~ Thus goes the life history of this glorious person. Some wealthy person bought him in childhood and taught him Arabic and Persian. After the death of this wealthy man, he was sold to a tradesman. The tradesman offered hiim to Shahabuddin Mohammad Gauri. Shahabuddin was so kind to him that after the conquest of India, he appointed him as his governor in 1192 (1250 Sammat). In 1206 he occupied the throne and became emperor and laid the foundation of the Slave dynasty. He died at Lahore in 1210, after he fell from a horse while playing polo. The construction ofKutubrninar, which is 240 feet high, and an incomplete mosque named as Kavvatulislam I near Delhi, was initiated by Kutubuddin. Material from twenty-seven Hindu temples was used to build the mosque in 1196. A slave of Kutubuddin and his son-in-law, emperor Shamasuddin Altimish, completed Kutubminar but the mosque is still incomplete. ~ [kutar] A)i diameter. ~ [kutarak] SkI ~ n frivollous argument, worthless reasoning. 2 evil thought, bad idea. ~ [kutarna] SkI ~ n cutting, chopping. ~ [kutra] n mince; material crushed into pieces. 2 n an insect which destroys crops by

nibbling them. 3 puppy. Skt~. "dekhat kutra h:gai b I 1ai. "-asa kabir. See LffUC'lT 113". 4 adj who is a bad swimmer. See ~ ~. ~ ~ [kutare kadhe] helped the bad swimmers reach the bank. "jan nanak kutare kaQhe."~gaum 4. 2 cj'F:fl1i [kutal] Skt n sharp pointed spear; hair. "kutal1alIt ,llak ahICh:ma."-NP. 2 barley stalks which are sharp-pointed. 3 plough, which has pin like a small sharp spear. 4 cock, having sharp nails. ~ [kutvar] See i~~. 2 See ~. ~ [kuta] n dog. "atan 10bh bhaukE jIu kuta." -maru soll1e m 3. ~ [kutaru] adj not a good swimmer; bad at sWllnmmg. 93l [kuti] bitch, female dog. ~'5f [kuti] dogs, worthless persons. 2 vile persons. "ratan vIgar vIgoe kuti"-asa m 1. ci'3t[kuti] daughterofShursen, king ofMathura, Krishan's paternal aunt. King Pandu's queen and mother ofYudhishthir, Bhimsen, Arjun. Her name was Pritha. Kuntibhoj, who was issueless, adopted Shursen's daughter to bring her up; for this reason she was called Kunti. "kuti ko dekhat hi kavi ~yam bhanE tIn paIn sis jhukayo."-knscm. ~ [kut(a] bitch, female dog. cjal' 'IJ3' [ki)ti sut] Yudhishtir, Bhim and Arjun. ci3b3a' lJd' )){j~ [kCJtisut sut an]-scmama. Kunti's son Arjun; his charioteer, Krishandev; his enemy, the arrow. cj3luf3' [kutipatI] Raja Pandu; Pandav's father. ~ [kutuha1] Skt n surprise, astonishment, wonder. 2 unusual happening, wonderful phenomena. 3 ardent curosity to see and hear something. 4 game of pleasure. ~ [kutura] pup, cur, whelp. SkI ~Q.
2[gnorant and partisan scholars interpret the word as ~ [kutureJ.

'Several writers have written its name as "katbul Islam".

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cj,!T

[kutemuha] adjwho has the mouth of a dog; dog-mouthed i.e. who eats what cannot be eaten; who eats dirt and carrion. "kalr hoi kutemuhi khaju hoa murdar." -var sar m 1. 'The people ofkalryug are dogmouthed,andeatcorpses.' Corpse means other person's right; bribe etc. CJ3' [kuto] adv where, from where, for what reason. "tan nrj rup kuto tum lahe."-GPS. g"~ [kutta], ct3t [kutti] See cg3T ~. ~ [kutr] adv where, at what place. ~ [kuthra] ku (damned) thua (earth); dirty place. 2 adjmuddy, dirty. ~ [kuthau], ~ [kuthar], ~ [kuthan] ku (damned) thar (place). 2 adv untimely; improper place. "ek dan tudh kuthar lara." -asa pati m 3. "thau kuthar na ja:r:mi sada crtavahr vrkar."-var sar m 3.3 base heart. cit! [kDd] Skt n jasmine plant, bearing white flowers, which the poets compare with teeth. "pit basan kDd dasan."-savEye m 4 ke. See ~. 2 lotus. 3 one out of the nine treasures. 4 in Gurpratap Suray, kDQ has been used for kukad (ox's hump). "brrkhabh brlad bali tan pin. jrn ki kDd,1 tUg dutr kin."-GPS. 5 P .;;fadj blunt. 6 stupid. 7 wise, intelligent. 8 brave. ~ [kudara] damned mercy; mercy which is harmful; act ofcausing suffering to the world by having mercy upon a mosquito, snake, rat, rabid dog, robber, thief, immoral person. 2 brutality. "ku dara kasarl)r"-var sri m 1. ~ [kudas] A v"';; adj sacred, holy. ~ [kudl)a] Skt ~tfo n jumping, leaping, springing up. ~ [kooal)] n pure gold; gold without impurities. 2 thin leafofpure'gold in which artisans embed gems.
I

~ [kutemuha], ~

Some ignorant scribe has changed the text, but the original is: "jIn ki kakud tUg".

cieofdlfi:f[kDdangur] mountain ofgold; Sumer. cj'trc'll:f'a' [kGdanpur], ct~fu [kGdanpurr], ~ [kDdanpuri] '!i,fUs"1:i{ capital ofVidarbh state (Bairar), at a distance of forty miles to the east of Ambravati. Its raja Bhishmak was father of Krishan's queen Rukmani. "kGdanpuri nagar nryrayo."-cantr 320. It is said that Kondavir in Bairar is the same ancient city ofKundanpur. cj't:c'IT [kDdni] that which has a butt; a gun. -sanama. cgt!H [kudam] jump, leap. "kudam karE gaQar jruchel."-ramm5. "kudamkarepasupakhia drsE nahi kal."-sri m 5. 2 P ($ reward for deeds done. cit!'a' [kGdar] A .J.;;fn dwarf. 2 fat donkey. 3 old fort. ~ [kudrat], g~ [kudratr] A .:;..,;$ n power, strength. "kudrat kaul) hamari?"-bas~t a m 1. 2 illusion; the Almighty's creative power. "duyi kudratr sajiE karr asal)u drtho cau."-var asa. "kudratr patali akasi."-var asa. ~ [kudrati] adj all powerful, almighty. 2 naturally; by nature."srnakhatu kudrati," -var majh m 1. 3 concerned with nature, natural. "varhrE dargah gc:ru ki kudrati nuru." -var ram 3. ~ [kudratu], ~ [kudrrt] See ~. ci~ [kDdalta] See ~ tT ~ 18. ci~ [kDdra] n thatched hut. 2 heap of grass. 3 stack of wheatchaff. 4 butt of a rifle. cit!" [kDda] pommel, the protuberant part at the front ofa saddle. "capkE ghor-rE kode pakarahr."-var gau 2 m 5. An inexperienced rider clutches at the pommel for fear of falling down but a horseman rides with free hands. Grasping a pommel while playing polo, is no good horsemanship. 2 T JI~ P ~.;;f back part ofa rifle which is made of wood. EStock.

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3 stock for holding the feet of criminals. See

qro l-fI'O'C'iT.

g-tTfu [kudaI] n improper method; ruse. ~ [kudan] false grant; charity which is not beneficial to the world. ~ [kudam] P ('..<1' pron which, who. 2 what thing. ~ [kudami] P iJf..<1' who are you? ' ~ [kudal] Skt cgt'<'5' n imp lement to dig earth; implement with a sharp point, shovel. 2 spade, hoe. gfu [kudI] adv having jumped. "kudI kudI c,m: rasatq lI paI."-g<Juk<Jbir. citft [kOdi] n ironing of washed clothes. 2 sarcastically : an act of straightening by beating and threshing. ~ [-kudum] A (,J arrival. ~ [kOdClQ] bow. See lX';;r. "mthur kud~Q bhujd~Q ke SClk~dh dhClr,"-(]'PS. ~ [kudn:;>tI] n vile look, evil eye. 2 look filled with anger. 3 adj habit of looking at the ground with downcast eyes" ~ [kudhaka] blow on the neck; giving an insulting push. 2 horrible stumble. "nCltaru kudhaka dIvai he."-brl.a k<Jbir. ~ [kudhatu] Skt n iron; in Sikhism iron is called sudhatu. cgtlTO [kudhan] impure naod stuff; food stuff procured by deceitfulearning. ~ [kudhItt] n bad habit, addiction, condemned practice. "chaQQ kuphClkkClr kur kudhItta."-BG. gtit [kudhi] adj having an evil (ku) mind (dhi) "dise kudhi sumCltI ka bodhClk."-GPS. C30 [kun] pron who. "tu kun re."-dh<Jna namdev. 2 P do. "dClI' gos kun kClrtar." -trlJg m 1. "dII me nCl jara kun vahClm." -krrs<Jn. 'Do not be deluded.' 3 A be; Arabic and Persian scholars have written that

C3~ [kudau],

Allah said 'kun' and the world came into being. See ~ l~p:r:iI~. -iJOR" [kumsJ, ~~7:iFl" [kOms] result. See ~. "kunsa kini tin IPrabina."-GPs. ~ [kunka] See g"C!W. ~ [kunakkha], wM [kunClkkhi] See <gicrr. ~'ij" [kuIll.).apurl Dg golden city, town of gold; Lanka. 2 See ii'-ec~. ~ [kunad] P :iY does. See CiRIt!"O. C21oj'gCl'o [kunfClkan] A ,~~d"' Allah ordered "kun."'Let it be'. pClS, 'it got created'. The world got created by Aillah's edict. This phrase has been Ulsed in 'mClkke di gOSCltI'. CK~o [kunf:ckun] A ~Jf'd begin to be; something that comes into being on such order, i.e. world is: created by the order of God. 90H [kunClm] P. (. I do, May I do, I will do. lts root is kardCln. CK"or [kOna] Ml earthen pitcher, pitcher of medium size, earthen pot. "kOne hethI jCllaie balCl!). S~dE tha:r."-s f<Jrid. "kOne kOIIIah."-s f<Jrid. 'condition or state of coals tightly contained in a Ipitcher. ' cgorfa' [kunan], [kunari] damned lady. 2 adulteress. "mdi kan:ll).i kulClkh!).i kunan." -var sri m 3. ~ [kunalli] 'i3'-FEfr~f n earthen platter for kneading flour. cgfo [kum] S earthen pot plastered with mud at the bottom from outside. See ~('jT. gf7l1:[kunfd], ~rf~[kunfda] P ~d adjdoer, maker. "karn ko kunfda he kI khubi ko dIMda

gorin

2 may you do. 3 you will do. ~o't [kOni] See ~!('jT. small earthen pot. S gfo. ~ [kunir] impure water, dirty water, water harmful for health. CKQ [kunu] S vertigo, dizziness. 9l.I' [kup] SkI ~L vr be angry, burst out; shine.

CK7ft [kuni] P I' you do.

hE." -<Jkal.

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2 lord of the earth [ku], raja. 3 See g"tr. rage; irascible. S1./3" [kupat] See cgfts. ;gtfto [kupin] SkI cloth lengthy enough for cgt.ST [kupata] without honour. "jhakh maran lowering into a well to draw water. It is also dusat kupate ram."-brha ch~t m 4. used as a loincloth and waistband. "satu b5dhI 'iJ1.Ifo [kupatI] n insult, dishonour. 2 damned kupin."-ram a m 1. husband, adulterer; on~ who loves some woman cgy~ [kuputr], ~3' [kuput] n worthless son, other than his wife. 3 husband of the earth dishonourable son. 2 son of the earth [ku], the [kuJ, raja. planet Mars. ~ [kupath] n path ofevil, damned way, wrong ~l:ft [kup5khi] SkI ~ n damned bird, crow. 2 raven, vulture. path. 2 See ~cr. ~ [kupatth] SkI gtfEfJf n lack of self-control, citr [kupp] n which shines from a distance, See lack of precautionary measure. 2 unfit. ~ vr. dome-shaped heapofhay etc which is covered with thatch, making sharp point at the ~ [kuparvar:t] n something unacceptable; an inappropriate example, which refutes rather top. "rakhe vahu kupp b5dhvaI."-GPs. 2 SkI than proves a statement. 2 adj which is not 'flffi which protects hay. Hay is protected in a worth accepting; unacceptable. "ja patI lekhe kupp (stack). na paVE ta sabhe kuparvar:t."-asa m 1. ciw [kuppa] big oilcan. See ~. ~ [kupaI] n ill-gotten wealth; wealth c!w g-~or [kuppa rurhna],g"1..fT 'I2~('iT [kuppa obtained through dishonest means. "kauqigani lurhna] death of a renowned person or kupaI."-carrtr 149. emperor. In olden times, it was considered improper to say, "The king is dead". In stead it 9lI"O [kupath] bad recital. 2 incorrect recital. was said that an oil can had got overturned. ~ [kupar:tI] having unworthy hands; who has neither done service nor given charity with "kuppa rurhyo sabhan sunpayo."-GPS. his hands. 'Everybody heard that emperor Jahangir had died.' ~ [kupatr] n dirty vessel, unclean vessel. 2 unworthy, undeserving. 3 earthen [ku] vessel. citft [kuppi] See ~. gt.rr,: [kupad] having impious feet, who has ;gtdr [kupyo] enraged. "kupyo jem pana." -gyan. 'like boiling water.' never used his feet for going to a religiolls congregation. ~ [kupyog], gy-&or [kuprayog] misuse; use gtI'c'i [kupan] bad [ku] drinking [pan]; taking of something at the wrong time. 2 grammaliquor etc. tically incorrect joining of phrases. "kupyog si 9lf'Q [kupar] See ~. praknt."-carrtr 180. 'The diction ofthe play ~ [kupal] who nourishes the earth [ku], a is jarring to the ears. ' raja. CJl:f~ [kupravar:t] See ~. ~ [kUpIt] SkI adjwrathful, angry, enraged. ;g~ [kuphakar], <g~ [kuphakar], <g~ [kuphakri] n damned ascetic; hyprocritical 2 condemned father. saint; pretended austerity; hyprocrisy. 2 evil ~ [kupIya], ~ [kupia] SkI cggtf. n an oil can; funnel mouthed can made by burning deeds, vile actions. "laga kItu kuphakre."-sri leather etc. "ek bas ko kupIya kasi sudhar mS. kE."-carrtr 133. 2 adj who tends to fly into a <gif6' [kuphar] A / n concealing of truth.

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2 atheism. "mulla bhakhE, kaphra! kyokuphar alavai."-NP ~ [kuphargo], ~"f [kuphargoa], S<;;ddl Ft [kuphargOI] adj speaking in terms ofatheism. See gGd" and ~. ~ [kuphraD], ~) [kuphrari] A (;)1/ n ingratitude, disloyalty, ungratefulness. "kuphargoI kuphraDE paIa dajhsi."-vaTmajh m 1. ~ [kuphal] n condemned firuit, harmful result. 2A ~ a lock. ~[kuphar], ~[kuphari]A .Il~r plural of ~. "kehra suta kuphar kuphari."--BG. 'Who is the infidel and ungratefiJl person sleeping there?' ~ [kupherJ n inauspicious planetary movement, adverse time, misfortune. '!'8N [kubaj] Skt 'J'fR adj hunchback. "nam bIna jEse kubaj kurup."--g~ukdbjT. ~ [kubja] Skt ~ adj female hunchback. 2 n a maidservant of Kans who was expert in preparing oily paste and applying it as massage. When Krishan went to Mathura, he demanded a fragrant paste from h,er. She lovingly massaged Krishan with the paste made for Kans. Krishan was pleased and putting his thumb on her foot and keeping his hand beneath her chin, gave such a jerk that her hunch was gone. She is known as Anekvakra as also Trivakra. See cgfat:r-. 3 Manthara, maidservant of Kaikeyi, on whose instigation Kaikeyi demanded from king Dashrath the throne for Bharat and exile for Ram. ~ [kubliya] See ~ffinfr W. ~ [kubaD] n bad habit, addiction, ill talk. ~ [kubaDI], ~ [kubaDi] n harsh word, impolite remark. "sabadu na cinE laVE kubaDI. "-sIdhgosatI. "speaks harsh words'. 2 mediocre poem, devoid of spiritual content. 3 composition going against the rules ofpoetry.

9fu;:rr [kulnja] See (~JT. "kubIja udhri ;}gusat

dhar."-basat a m 5. "ltarile ganIka bInu rup kubIja. "--g~m namdev. 9ftk[kubfd] Sktgi7fe- n a weaver, who knows how much land will be sufficient to stretch the warp. ~ [kubudh] adj idiotic; ofbase understanding. i?f'"fu [kubudIu] n perverted intelligence, wicked mind. "kubudhI dumDi kudaIa kaSaIDI."--var sri ill 1. 2 adj mean-minded. ~a-Q [kuber] n whose body is despicable!; treasurer of the gods having three feet and eight teeth, the son of Vishrva born to Trinvindu's da'lghter I1vila, His city was Alka. He was king of demigods [yak$] and Kinnars, and Kuber was a stepbrother of Ravan. cgirn [kubo1] n vile utterance, abusive language, acrimonious remark. ci-ar [kubba] See Wrtlr. 2 A dome; a building with a dome. ci-a [kubbi~] See ZItJ"WFIrfua'. ~ [kubnt] adj whose character is to blame; licentious. ';'kubntankrIpan."-paTas. 'With a sword, he chops th(: licentious.' 2 VrIt (circumference) of ku the earth. ~[kubn:tIJ n abominable livelihood. 2 bad condition, miserable plight. Cf9 [kObh] Skt n pitcher. "kObhe badha jalu rahE jal bIn kObh na hOI. "-var asa. 2 pitcher-like part risen on the forehead of an elephant. "kat kat pre g9jan kGbhsathal." -paras. 3 weight e:qual to sixty-four seers. 4 eleventh sign of the Zodiac, with stars shaped lik~~ a pitcher; Aquarius. 5 according to Yoga, a style of breathing exercise in which breath is held. "recak purak kObh karE."-prabha a TIl 1. See et~. 6 according to Bhav~shyat Puran, a demon who was

:.!

IHis body is despised due to leprosy as welL

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killed by Durga. "kObh dkObh se jit sdbhE jdg."-VN. 7 son of Kumbhkaran. 8 harlot's husband. 9 a kind of gum used as incense. 10 a religious festival. There is a legend in Sakandpuran that when gods and demons jointly churned the ocean of Khir (rice pudding), fourteen valuable jewels emerged among which are counted Dhanantar and a pitcher of nectar. Dhanantar gave the pitcher of nectar to Indar who entrusted it to the custody of Jayant and told him to take it to the paradise. When Jayant set out carrying Kumbh with him, the guide of the demons Shukar ordered that the pitcher be snatched. So bitter fighting ensued for twelve days between the gods and the demons. In the tussle to possess the pitcher, its nectar fell at four places (Haridwar, Prayag, Nasik, Ujain) Thus the festival ofKumbh is held at these four places. Twelve days of gods are equal to twelve years of human beings. For this reason Kumbh festival is celebrated at all places after twelve years. (a) If Jupiter is in the sign ofAquarius and the sun in that of Aries, Kumbh is celebrated at Haridwar on the bank of Ganga. (b) On the day of the new moon when Jupiter is in the sign of Aries, and the moon and the sun in that of Capricorn, Kumbh is celebrated at Prayag. (c) On the day of the new moon with the entrance ofJupiter, the moon and the sun into the sign of Cancer, Kumbh festival is held on the bank of Godavari (Nasik). (d) When the sun, moon and Jupiter enter into the sign ofAquarius on the day ofthe new moon, Kumbh is celebrated at Ujain. See cfrn-. "kObhr j:l kedar nhaiE."-ram namdev. ~ [kubh-drr] that which breaks the forehead of the elephant, a spear.-s~mama.

2 lion, which tears apart the head of the elephant. 3 brick or stone, that breaks the pitcher. cj5"lJ3' [kObhsut] born from the pitcher, Agast Muni. 2 Vashishth. 3 Dronacharya. cj~ [kObh-ha] that which tears the head of the elephant, a small spear.-sdnama. 2 See
cf~.

[kObhak] or cf~ [kObhaku] Skt ~ n like the pitcher is filled with water, filling the lungs with air by inhaling is called kObhdk in Yoga; stopping of the vital air by catching the nose with the finger next to the little one and the thumb; staying the vital air. "jab kubhdk bharrpurr !il)a, tah baje anhad bil)a."-ram kdbir. 2 potter who makes pitchers. ~ [kObhkamalu] pitcher shaped like heart; heart shaped like pitcher; pitcher-shaped lotus of the heart. "kObh kamal jalr bhdrra."-sor kdbir. 'filled with (the water of) sensuality.' cj~ [kObhkardl)], cf~ [kObhkal)], cf~ [kObhkan] a demon with ears like a pitcher, who was younger brother of Ravan. He was son of Visrva born to Keksi, daughter of Sumali the demon. He pleased Brahma enormously by practising austerity. When the time for getting blessings arrived, the gods made Sarasvati (goddess of learning) sit on his tongue and made him beg that he remain in sleep for most of the time and wake up to eat only for one day after six months. Ram Chandar killed him in a battle. "bali kObh kana tau nahr jagya."-ramav. "hane bal) tal)a, jhrl)yo kObhkal)a."-ramav. cj~ [kubhkan-ardan], cf~o [kObhkan-arr] who crushed Kumbhkaran; enemy ofKumbhkan; Ram. 2 the arrow, which killed Kumbhkan.-sdnama. cj~ [kObhkar] Skt n maker of pots, a potter.

cj~

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People of this caste claim to have descended It grows close to water; bugs run away from from Brahma, and are called Prajapati. It has its smell; drinking decoction of its leaves nd been mentioned in the 32 chapter ofAushnasi mixed with coconut water, cures dysentery; Simriti that Kumbhkar is the son of a Brahman given with rose water and candy, it removes born to a Vaishya girl. cough. Taking its ash cures the disease ~ [kObhkari] wife of a potter. 2 red caused by guinea worms. "arjun kObhrka arsemc. rabha. "-CPS. ~ [kObhaj] n born from a pitcher; Agast ~~ [kubhrdur] n pearl [dar] which comes out from the head of the elephant [kObhrn]. Muni. 2 See ~~. ~~ [kObhnasni] that pierces the heads "manr mal mukta kObhrdur."-saloh. of elephants, a small spear.-sanama. ~f301 [kubhrni] an army of elephants. ~~ [kObhnesni] the earth, its lord, a king; -sanama. his army; the king's army.-sanama. 2 army of ~~ [kObhi] Skt n elephant. 2 crocodile. 3 water melon. 4 hell, which is also called kObhipak. a king, the owner of elephants.-scmama. 5 small pitcher. 6 a fe:stival which is called ~~ [kObhparav] See~!J 10. Aradhkumbhi; union of planets occurs every ~!Jfla'r [kObhprta] father of a pitcher; potter's twelve years; a festivall that happens after six wheelan which a pitcher is formed. "kObhprta years, is called "aradhki:Jbh". This is also called sam dhar tabE."-GV 6. 'The earth started rotating like a potter's whed.' atrkObhi. See ~'~ 10. ~!ffi [kObhal] n pit of a weaver in which he ~eftoRt [kObhinasi] daughter of demon Sumali who was the real sister of Keksi, mother of suspends his legs while weaving on his warp. "cir bunE kObhaI tIs pahe."-GPS. Ravan. Kumbhinasi gave birth to Lavnasur, son ~5' [kubha] See "W"1? 2 [ku] (bad) [bha] ofdemon M!adhlll, whose capital was Mathura. (reputation). 3 [bha] shadow ofku (land). He was killed by Shatrughan. ~~ [kObhipak] See ~~ 4. According to ~ [kubha<;l] See ~. Purans, in this hell meat eaters are thrown into ~ [kubhatrJ, ~ [kubhati] adj of a bad type, ill-shaped. "mera karam kutrIta janam the boiling oil. kubhati."-gau ravldas. 2 adv in a bad way, ~m [kubhir] Skt n crocodile. ~3' [kubhe] in the pitcher. "kubhe baddha jalu badly. rahE."-var asa. ~[kubhar],~[kubhar] See~. "kObhar -~ [kObheu] ku-bhav. produced from the kE ghan ha<;li achE."-toQi namdev. earth; an em1hern pitcher. "jru parkaSH mati ~ftJ [kObhr] See ~~ and ~it. 2 Oltl the occasion -prabha namdev. kubheu." of the Kumbh festival. "kObhr j:> kedar naiE." [kubhes] kiJbh-i~, elephant; who has a -ram namdev. ' ... have a dip during the Kumbh festivals and at Kedarnath.' See~!J 10.3 <tfuo9" pitcher on its head. See ~!J. See FTFI7l. an army of elephants. "sma catv r~ganr raci ~ [kumahal], ~<.JC3 [kumahaIu] n inappropriate place; untimely situation. "mahalu park rath jE kObh."-c.Qi 1. kumahalu na jaI).nr murakh apne suae."-var ~ftJcf [kubhrk] See ~fuw 2. sor m 3. See: }f(n;l. -~ [kubhrka] Skt n prostitute, dancing n help. 2 partisanship, girl. 2 a small prickly tree. L Pistia Stratiotes. ~ [kumak] T

-rn

...cr

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favour. "jab hi kumak apnI gayo." -carItr 297. "ayo kumak surpatI bises."-saloh ~ [kumkama], ~ [kumkuma] T j n small water pot with narrow mouth. 2 rose water sprinkler. "ko kumkuma dehI chnrkai."-GPS. 3 round object of shellac, used during Holi to shower dry colours filled in it. It is so thin and frail that with very light collision it bursts and dry colours scatter around. ~ [kumat], ~ [kumatri], cgH8 [kumatI] base intellect, perverse advice. "man re kaun kumatI tr lini?"-sor m 9. 2 mind like ku (earth); dumb mind. wf3t [kumati] See wrfu". 2 adj mentally retarded. 3 wicked, depraved. 9Ht!' [kumad], ~ [kumadni], wreT [kumdi]
See~.

[kumrau], cg~ [kumrav] a Khatri subcaste. ~ [kumri] A n type of dove, that is small in size and chirps sweetly. rgmMlC!T [kumlaul).a] v lose lustre, wither. "baQan jaI kumlaI."-var guj 1 m 3. "has gaIa ka I a kumlani."-suhi kabir. ~ [kumlahgarh] See ~. ~ [kumlana] See ~. ~it [kumlo).i] adj withered, faded. "han bajhahu dhan kumlrl).i."-gau m 4. C!W [kumma] Skt ~ n tortoise, turtle. ~ [kumau] cgwrff [kumayu] See mMr. 2 Skt ~ a territory in U.P with an are:a of 600 square miles. To its north is Tibet, to the east Nepal, to the south Bareilly and Rampur state, to the west Tehri state. Its old name is 'Panchkoot.' ~ [kumar] Skt n child upto the age of five. 2 son. 3 Kartikey; Shiv's son, Kharanan. 4 Brahma's sons Sanak, Sanandan, Sanatan, and Sanatkumar, all ofwhom always remain bachelor.

rgl-RJTfl

15)

5 parrot. 6 Sindh river. 7 twelfth incarnation of Jainism. 8 Mars planet. 9 fire. 10 horsekeeper. 11 adj unmarried. 12 See ~. ~ [kumarsabhav] composition written by Kalidas, in which the birth ofKartikey, Shiv's son, is narrated. See ~. ~ [kumarg] wicked path, perverse way. 2 earth's [ku] path; orbit upon which the earth revolves. ~[kumarlalIt], cgH'dMfM3' [kumarlalIta] a metre, characterised by four lines, each line arranged as 151, SIS, I, S. Example: kISU na dan dehfge. su sadhu lut lehfge. -kalki. 2 In its second form, every line is arranged as 151,115,5. Example: VIraCI gun dekhr, gIra gun na lekhr. -ram cadrika. rglf"ij'T [kumara] See ~ 11. ~ [kumari] feminine ofkumar; ulllnarried girl. See cgw-o- 1. 2 Parvati, Durga. 3 virgin. 4 daughter. ~ [kumIar] See et~. cgfH>wfu [kumIan] potter (nominative case). "jIU caku kumIan bhavaIa."-asa chat m 4. ~ [kumIhar] See <t~ and ~. ~ [kumIt], cgf}-rg [kumItu] ~ [kumItr] wicked friend, base friend, cunning friend. "ahamat anarat kumIt hIt."-kan ill 5. "kumItra seyi kaQhiahI Ik vIkh na calahI sathI."-gau var 2 m 5. "dunia kiya vaQIaia nanak sabh kumIt."-var gau 2 m 5.2 who measures the earth. 3 the sun, earth's friend. rim [kumi] Skt ~ n female tortoise. "kumi jal mehI tan tISU bahan."--asa dhana. ~ [kumud] Skt <t,lj,i;: n Vishnu, who provides pleasure to the earth. 2 water lily, lotus. It

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blooms at night. 3 moon. 4 king. g1iIF.f [kuya:;;] inf:3my, notoriety. ~ [kumudni] n water lily. See ~ 2. "cad ~m [Kuras] Skt unpleasantness. 2 discord. kumudnidurahunIv sasI."-maru m 1. 2 pond 3 A v} n disc, round ball. 4 JAI) sun. full of water lilies. S face of the True One. "nur arasahu kurasahu ~ [kumudbadhu] friend of water lilies, jhatiE. "--var ram 3. 'Splendour of the sun rains the moon; lotuses bloom on seeing the moon. from the sky.' C!l.:f~ [kumudvati] daughter of serpent SQJf })f6F.f [Kuras ara~] See gOFf 4 and 5. Kumud who was married to Kush, son of Ram ~ [kuraszar] P .Jjif} n gold disc; sun. Chandar. 2 pond full of water lilies. ~[kursi]A t.ffn chair. 2 plinth. "hanmadIr ~ [kumudmi] See ~. kI kursi bhai."-GPS. 3 generation, lineage. ~ [kumut] adjbastard; illegitimate child born "kursi apar bakursi tai. bhogahf patsahi sukh from illegal (Inion. "kumut ;) kujatI bare jag pai."-NP. mE." -krIsan. C!aH1(')F.fl(') [kursina$in] P c:J?t.f.! successor, ~ [kumur] adj one who has a base origin. honourable courtier. "nahI sukh mur kumur kubhage."-NP. csam()ll-IT [kursinama] P ..At.f'! n genealogy. 2 completely stupid, idiotic. . C!~ [kurahll A ~:/ n ball. 2 geography. ~ [kumur], ~ [kumura] condemned fool, 3 sphere. king of fools; knowing everything about self ~ [kurak] T J} ad} confiscating. 2 seizing. inspite of being a fool. "bIapIa durmatI 3 See ~rr. kubudhI kumura."-var ram 2 m 5. ~ [kurkat] n cock. "Ikatu patan bhan urkat ~ [kumet] See ~. kurtat." -asa kabir. See ~~. ~ [kumer] See~. "amk dharam amk ~ [kurakI:ta] v nibble, gnaw. This word is kumer."--sar am 5. used because of such sound produced during "jam cuha kIras nIt kurakda."-var nibbling. W [kumeru] See Jj'ifg 3. 2 See ~. crH3" [kumEt] T a horse with deep red gau 1 m 4. colour; dark-brown horse. ~ [kurki] T J) n attachment of property. ~ [kumod] See ~. See~. ~ [kumaq.al] earth's atmosphere. See m-hm". ~ [kurakhat] See cJ1;f3'. ~ [kumat], ~ [kumatr] n worthless magical ~ [kurkhet] See ~~. ~ [kurta], CS'd'31r I[kurti] P;f n shirt, blouse. spell; wicked advice. ~ [kumatn] adj wicked advisor, base coun- C!'d?i"R' [kurnas], ~r~ ,[kurnIs] P J~f n sellor. "mIthI galaJ:1.I kumatria."-scwa m 5. salutation, gre~:ting. "tin kurnIse kar SIr ~ [kumad] See wfB'. 2 adj very dull; very nyayo."-car.rlr 82.. gmr [kurab] A ...... j be n.ear. 2 In Punjabi it mean. ./ also means status or rank as in "ki tera kurab ~ [kumhar], ~ [kumhIar] See ct~. "bahu bIdhI bhaq.e gharE kumhara."-bhE'r m ghatda hE?" 3. "mItI musalman kI perE pai kumhiar." ~ [kurbat] A ..:..-;} n nearness, closeness. -var asa. ~ [kurba!).], :CI~ [kurba!).u], ~0'a"T7i 9liI' [kuy] any. "d!taram Karam par calE na kuy [kurban] A (;,,~) an act that denotes closeness. "sada sada jayiE kurba!).u . "-bIla m 5. 2 what hE."-kalki. 2 adv when, where.

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weighing 4 to 5 seers to its nest. It is slightly smaller in size than a crane. It has very sharp and heavy claws. Its tail has whitish feathers. It lays eggs in Punjab also but lives mostly in Turkistan. It hunts waterfowl and hare. In Turkistan Kural is trained to hunt fox and deer. It sits on the head of a deer and pulls out its eyes. It is also called s~g."-krIsdn. Karkoosh, J j,} . ~ [kurbn).il I sacrifice myself. "tIn hau ~ [kurla] xa n rinsing of the mouth. It is an kurbn).i."-var sar ill 4. act of taking water in the mouth, shaking it with in the cheeks, stirring it in the mouth and ~ [kuram] See~. 2 n Skt~. n a western river, which starts from Safedkoh, crosses the then throwing it out. Because ofthe sound thus border ofAfghanistan and flows in the area of produced, arises the onomatopoeic noun. The Bannu to merge with the Sindh ocean. In Khalsa normally utter feminine words as Rigved it has been called Kramu. 3 a city on masculine. the bank Kurum, which is named as Khurma i21dl'S'Q(!' [kurlauDa] v groan, moan like a crane. in Janamsakhi. 4 See ~ and cgoH'3'. "bajhu pIare kOI na sare eklari kurlae." ~ [kurma] See cbw. 2 A (J) n plural of -gdU cMt ill 1. "amber kuja kurlia."-suhi ill 1 kuram. chiefs, leaders, headmen. "laye s~g kUCdjI. 'Humming sound went on in the brain dEtan he kurma." -c.(li 1. "pun SEn bhali sajkE because of senility.' arIa bahu kurman IE bar juddh macayo."- ~ [kurli] See gow. sdlah. i21d;J'Q(!' [kurauna] See ~. ~ [kurmat] n family in which one's son or CKQTU [kurah] n evil path; immoral course, daughter is married; matrimonial relationship. misdirected way. 2 community of such kin. "bahu horanI te aru ~ [kurahi] adj who has gone astray, who byahan te kurmatan te atI sou khare."-krISdn. goes on the wrong path. 'There was more fun and frolic than on festivals ~ [kuraD], ~ [kuraDu], ~ [kuran] A like Holi and matrimonial gatherings.' dT) n scripture, book. 2 Mohammedans holy ~ [kurra] n whip, lash. "kurran mar adhIk scripture in Arabic, which according to the text tIhmari."-CdrItr95. 2A "Iv} garden covered ofKoran, was received by Hazrat Mohammad with white flowers. "kurre bIkhE ek mugal ki from God. To be respectful to Koran, bal."-CdrItr 287. 3 garden, orchard. reverential and noble words like [majid] and ~ [kurrana] v murmur, mumble with anger. [$arif] are used. Jalalludin Sayati mentions 55 2 be irritated. "kanak dekh kurra t." -pardS. "let such appellations. det apan kurrane."-VN. Koran has 3,23,741 characters, 79,436 ~ [kurri] Skt n bird of prey. 2 female of verses, 6,666 stanzas and 114 sections. Seven stages ofthese sections have been prescribed sheep. 3 crane. for reading in a month. They begin with letters ~ [kural] a dark-eyed hunting bird, which feeds mostly on fish. It can carry a fish such as alIf, lam, mim etc which are defined is sacrificed. ~ [kurbani] P j~} sacrifice; what is sacrificed. See ~. CJ68TQ [kurbanu] See ~. i21da 'hdl [kurban~ti] I sacrifice myself. "tIsu jan kE hau kurban~ti."-nat ill 4 pdrtal. ~ [kurbe] adj who is near or close. 2 near and dear ones, relatives. "IE kurbe apne sabh

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by scholars according to their own understanding, but some say that only God knows the meaning of these letters. It is also written in Koran that the meaning of many verses is not known to anybody except God, See ~ ~ fuJ..RJT, verse 6. Koran continued to reveal itself to Mohammad Sahib for twenty-three years, either through angel Gabriel, or in dream, or through a voice from heaven. It is also written in Koran that the verses are entered in the daily diary of God called bh mahIfuz. See '~" verse 4. "vakhat na paIo kadia jI lIkhanI lekhu kuraI).."-japu. "pafahI kateb kuraI).a."-sri m 1. "bed puran kuran duhu mIl bhiit anek VIcar vicani."-33 saVEye. ~ [kurali] a town in tehsil Ropar, district Ambala. Two gurdwaras are situated here: (1) gurdwara of Guru Hargobind Sahib (2) gurdwara of Guru Tegbahadur ~ [kurfd] Dg n poverty, bankruptcy. ~ [kuri], ~ [kuria] See g;ft. 2 n footpath, trail. "choQ dubIdha kI kuria."-suhi m 5 partal. 3 river bank, shore. "kuri.e kurie vEdIa!" -var maru 2 m 5. 'hey, you who are going on the bank!' ~ [kuritI] n evil practice, bad custom. egg [kuru] son ofChandarvanshi raja Sanwaran in the lineage ofBharat, who took birth from the womb of queen Tapti. He was said to be a pious man. His name lends fame to Kuru's lineage (Kaurav) and Kurukshetar. See ~ and ~. 2 a person ofthe lineage of Kuru. 3 order to do; do . "pathna kuru". 4 cooked rice. ~ [kuruketr] a territory known after the name of Kuru king, which falls to the north of Ghaggar river and the south of Sarasvati. Its area is twelve yojans, and 365 pilgrimagecentres are mentioned as existing within this area. The mention of Kurukshetar is also to be found in Rigved. H is written in the Shaly part of Mahabharat in the 53 rd chapter that royal sage Kuru was engaged in ploughing at this place, because of which it has come to be nam(:d Kurukshetar. The kings themselves used to plough the land to smooth it for oblations. The battle between the Kauravs and Pandavs was fought at this very place. Many other battles of the subcontinent have been fought here. Now Kurukshetar is a station of E.!. Railways and its area falls in the districts of Ambala and KamaL The residents of Kurukshetar also hold that when Vishnu killed clemons, Madhu and Kaitabh, their marrow got scattered all over the water. Vishnu was sitting in a crosslegged posture covering an area of 48 kohs due to which this marow could not fall at this place. That is why it is regarded as a very sacred land. See EI"i~ffif for gurdwaras of Kurukshetar. 99Cf [kurukh] n a worthless tree, castor. 2 calotropis procera. 3 ominous face. ~ [kurukhet], ~~ [kurukhetr] See~. C3'2l:fS- [kurukhaq] "ge kurukhaQ huto jIh th::>r;:\."-NP. Scholars have accepted northern part of Himalayas as Uttarkuru and southern part as Dakshinkuru. s~ [kuruchetr] See (wi~. ~ [kuruta] adj unseasonal. "kuruta bij bijE nahI jammE."-maru solhe m 5.2 See~. C39H [kurum] See g;:f}f and l:!"o}/T. 2 verb phrase. C3'2'ij'Tfu [kurunn], cg2',;J"TH [kururaj), cg'2Q'lJl [kururay] King ofKauravs" Duryodhan. "taM bhim kururaj s5 juddh macyo."-janmejay. ~[kuruv;:\~] lineage of king KumAccording to Purans, the genealogical tree of Kuruvansh

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870

is as under: atn cadrarna budh ayu nahus yadu l Vn$DI devratr adhrak sur vasudev balrarn

I .
puro dU$yat bharat hastIn kuru 2 satanu bhi$arn

I I I

I I I I

1--,
kn$an pradyurncm etc

.I

vIcItrviry

From the two widow-queens ofVichitarviraya, Ambika and Ambalika, Vyas Rishi procreated two sons. From abIka From abaIIka

I
dhn tra$tra

durayodhan etc yudhI$t1ur etc 100 sons five brothers. Pandu had five sons: Yudhishtar, Bhimsain andAljun were born to Rani Kunti; Nakul and Sehdev were born to Rani Madri, but only the lineage ofArjun continued further. arjun

I
dbhImvnyu
I

------

From this came the name of the dynasty: "yadov",

'From tnis came the name of the dynasty: "br.w", JFrom this came thc name of the dynasty: "pacjov-v5s",

janmejay ~ [kurupJ deformed, ugly. C3~fu [kurupI] female with an ugly face, "pahIli kurupI kujatI kulakhni,"-asa kabir. CKfu:r [kuresJ A J:! j n a famous Arabic lineage; grandfather of Mohammad was the headman ofthis family. ~ [kuresiJ adj of Kuraish descent. "kadhari kuresi jam:."-akal. ~ [kurelnaJ v scratch the earth; scrape the ground. ~ [kurE$] See ~. ~ [kurakj, ~ [kuragJ Skt ~ n deer, stag. "kur5k nadE nehu."-bTla am 5. "turag kurag se kud;:Jt. "-akal. ~ [kur5gnpu] lion. "jah:i' kur5gankenpu SI k;:JtI."-krIsan. C3~i;J' [kurj<;l] Skt 'E,l:u-g n disease of the enlargement of testicles. "jur sit gularn kura<;l." -saloh See nf~fu. 2 Skt ~ a type of stone, which, after mixing its powder and shellac in oil, is used to remove rust from weapons. It is used as grindstone to sharpen weapons. 3 SktFC a herb also called b;:Jhuph;:Jli (baleria priontis) is good for revitalising semen. ~ [kul] Skt n race, lineage. "kulah samuh sagal udh;:JrDa."-gallw. 2 inhabited land. 3 house, home. 4 whole, entire, all. See c!C? "apI tarIa kul jagat taraIa."-var guj 1 m 3. ~ [kul-aku$J n ancestral fear, fear from the forefathers. cgm:r [kulasJ See ~. ~ [kul;:JhJ plural of kul. See cp;5'. 2 P brf n cap. "kulha dede bavle lrde va<;le nIlaj."-var mala m 1. "taj kulah SIfI ch;:Jtr banavu."-gau CJ m 1. 3 crown. 9lihJg:dl [kulh;:Jtrata], i3l'StJ3Ji' [kulhatya] n killer

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liquor coming out of a flask or a bottle. C!~ [kul2Jk:;;dl).L ~C'51:f<! [kulakhaJJ] n ill mannered, ill-omened. 3See~. ~ [kuldkhl).a], ~rit [kulakhl).i], ~ ~ [kulak] Skt n a tree, also called makartendua. [kulakhni] adj iH-mannered, ill-omened. "PIr L strychnos Nuxvomica. 2 snakewood tree. ka hukdm na janai bhai! sa kulakhJJi. "-sor a m 3 green coloured snake. 4 earthen lamp. 5 a 3. "pahIli kurupI kujatI kuldkhni."-asa kabir. metre: In Dasam Granth there is a form of ~3" [kulkhetl See ~r~q. "mohdn aye hE this metre, which is four-lined, each line being kulkhet." -knsal1. organised as 511, 151 ~ [kulkhetI] at the Kurukshetar pilgrimage. Example: "je oh grahdIl karE kulkhetI." -g5c;i ravIdas. dhadhkat :rd, cad~at chad. ~ [kulgrtatil, ~! [kulghnd] adj killer of thathkat p:m, bhabhkat m:m.-datt. the family; family-killer. (b) Its second form is where every line has ~ [kulca] P , / fermented and swollen bread. eight matras, the last two being guru; this form ~ [kuljan] ;ncestors. "kuljan madhe mIlyo is also called chakat. saragpan re."--dhcma trIlocall. 'Vishnu Example: entered the family', meaning, Krishandev took dOdabhI baje, sabh sur gaje birth in Chandarvansh. sis nIvaye. sabh sukh pae.-cJc;ii 2. ~ [kulta] Skt n promiscuous woman, operating from generation to generation. "jo bdhu logan (c) Its third form is where every line has eight matras. The end is not restricted to laghu s5 tlya rakh21t ratI ki cah. kulta talu bakhanlU je kavin ke nah."-padmakar. guru. This form is called prasIddh. ~ [kuldip], CJ'g.tfh.lo; [kuldipak] adj light of Example: gahI bahu banyat. narakah:r cjlanyat. the family that brightens its prospects; worthy son. Per astrollogy the name of a conjunction as durkrama. chut jag dharma.-kalki. papan bharj,:m. punyan bhar jan. of stars in the horoscope; a person having marjan k~r jan. karat amar jan. J Shukar or Budh at the moment of his birth and -cakradharcarItr carucJdrIka. having Brahspati in one ofthe fourth or seventh or tenth and having Mangal in the tenth, is 6 When there is one verb in three couplets, that regarded as the light begotten in a family.2 is, the description, already begun, is completed in three couplets, the metre is called kulak. ~ [kuldev] the fami ly god. ~ [kulka] a metre in Dasam Granth; it being ~m [kuldrohi] adj family-destroyer; enemy a form of :;;a~;Ivadna; each line is organised as of the family. ~ [kuldhCl:ram] n family-religion; faith III, ISS. adopted by the fami Iy. Example: C!mmr [kulpat:r] n headman of a lineage. sarsIj rupa, sabh bhat bhupa. atI chain sobham, munIg,:mlobha.--kalki. 2 The hermit who provides food and education to ten thousand disciples. ~ [kulkul] P onom sound of water or ~ [kulpCl:rbat] n famous mountains ofthe 'They burn evils and fill the followers with virtues.. purifY

of the family. "kCli baJJ kulhatrClta kou calae." -paras. ~ [kulha] adj family-killing. 2 See ~.

..t"

them and make them immortal.

2S ee Mdl(')Jf~C(I.

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earth, which are prominent in their own range. Their number is described as seven in the Purans: Mahendar, Malay, Sahay, Shuktiman, Riksh, Vindhya and Paripatar. Many people include Gandhmadan in stead ofRiksh in this number. cg~ [kulpaIClk] adj one who feeds his family. 2 n crow. 3 cock. 4 pigeon. 5 Kaisth. CJ1'51:fR [kulpuj], ~ [kulpujClY] family-god. 2 god of the family. ~ [kuIClph] A n lock. "kOji kulClph pral). kCln rakhe."-gClu kabir. cg~ [kulpha] P j} n vegetable of green leaves, which is slightly sour. Its grows in Chet and Vaisakh. Potulaca oleracca. It is cool wet in effect. Kulfa tranquillizes heat of the blood, removes inflammation ofthe liver, ends burning sensation in the urine and quenches thirst. ~ [kulfi] A n small smoking pipe of a hubble-bubble. 2 mould for making ice. 3 iced jelly mould, prepared from milk and sugar; Ice cream. ~ [kulbClh] A ,.! n plough, implement for tillling land. 2 land for which one plough is enough. ~ [kulbCldhu] Skt ~ n well-bred wife; bride from a good family. ~ [kulbahu] adj whose family is his arm; family members are whose arms. ~ [kulmurg] See ~ . cgwu [kulah] See ~. 2 cg-~ ill-begotten profit, bad gain. "dh;'idre kulah chItI nCl aVE hekro."-gau var 2 ill 5. ~ [kulahClI] Skt ~ n noise heard from afar; uproar. ~[kulac], ~[kuli'ic] T njump, hop. "mar kulik tClji tClb sy5dCln. "-GPS. "kulacCln dEkClr yuddh KClrE."-krIsan. ~ [kulacClI] See ~ . ~ [kulacar] family-practice, family-conduct,

behaviour.

Jfi

t!

&#

n enmity, hostility. "tIsUVIhu vat kulat mCln ;'idClr gCll).ti tat pClrai."-BG. 2 S indecent behaviour. CJli5T mm [kula dhClrClm] See ~. ~ [kulaba] A _ # iron bangle; bangle made -by bending som~ material; from this is derived the name of a hand pump on a canal. 2 a rail terminus at Bombay. ~ [kulabh] See cgw<J 2. CJWlif3' [kulaYClt] a town between Ghamrauda and Baghaur. While going to Nander the tenth Guru stayed here for twelve days. "nClgClr kulaYClt sOdClr thaI... dVCldClS dIVClS bClSYO tClhf Qera."-GPs. ~ [kulal] Skt n potter. See P J ~ [kulali] potter's wife. ~ [kuII] in the family. "jIh kulI putu nCl pan bIcari."-gau kdbir. See~. crfi;m' [kuII~] Ski n Indar's thunderbolt which razes hills. 2 electric shock. 3 axe. 4 jewel, gem. ~ [kuII~dhClrl, ~ [kuII~paI).I] n Indar, the holder ofthe thunderbolt. cgfifar [kulfg] Ski 'Em~1T a type of mouse. 2 male sparrow. 3 in cClntr 52, some scribe has written kulfg in place ofkCllfg. See cffi;far. 4 See gc;S'or. 5 fake lfg sign. 6 adj having a false identity mark. cgID [kuli] See CJC? "kete nagkuli mClhI ae." -gau ill 1. 2 T labourer. 3 slave. 4 See g"m. ~ [kulin] adj blue-blooded; ofnoble descent. sz;fur [kulir] Ski n crab. [kuI5g] P fi n stork. 2 curlew. "nClbh te bCllnri IClkh chutpCln jClnu kuk kul;'igCln ke gCln mE."-cac!i 1. c!1? [kull] A adv whole, entire, all, total. c!w [kulla] a person of Jhanjhu subcaste, who was a devotee of Guru Arjan Dev. 2 cap. See ~ 2. 3 place between thigh and abdomen;
f

~[kulat] A

II .

wrn

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~~

its Arabic root is kuliah. The kidney is close to guru gobfd narfd hE tegbahadur nad, this place, therefore, in common parlance it jIn te jivat hE sakal bhutal kavI budhbrfd. has, acquired this name. nadi satdru til' tahf ~ubh anadpur nam, ~ [kulli] thatched hut; hut made ofstraw. 2 A guru gobfd narfd ke rajat subhag sudham. adj entire, all. gaga jamna bic me bari gram kou nam, ~[[kullu] SktCJC!jOa town, which is in district taha su keNI kuvre~ ko bas karE ko dham. Kangra at the bank of Vipasha (Vias), It is 75 Bhai Santok.h Singh writes in GPSrutt 2 a: miles from Pathankot. The truits of Kullu are 51:considered very delicious. ke~avdas huto kaVI jOyI, ~ [kuvkhat] n improper time, late in the bhayo budelkhaQ me SOL day. 2 See ffi-fflJ:f3'. tIS ko putI' kuvar hE namu, ~ [kuvat] A .:;.,j n strength, power, energy. so bhi rachat gIJra abhIramu. ~ [kuvar], et~ [kOvar] See ~. 2 a poet in turak kar;m navrag CIt cahyo, the court of Guru Gobind Singh. See~. guni adh:ck hfdun me lahyo. ~ [kuvm;;] a poet in the court ofGuru Gobind jabE kuvar sudh IS bIdhI pai, tyag de~ ghar gayo palai. Singh, who, apart from his other compositions, translated Daronparav of Mahabharat into dur dur dur dul' nIt calkar, .Hindi. Kuvresh writes: pahucyo an 2madpur hItkar. sambat satrah SE adink bavan bite Jr, ~ [kuvalay] Skt n bangle-like ornament of tame kavI kuvre~ yah kIyo grath ko QJr. the earth; Ilotus; suggestive of both the blue and white variety. "panphullIt kuvalay vahuj bedikul bhaye nanak guru anup, badan."-.iVP., 2 round shape ofthe earth, like a jIn me puro paIye parbrahm ko rup. nanak sIkkh kIye tIhun kul agad ~ubhnam, bangle. 3 a special horse. See iS~MGl'~. bhakat saroruh ko bhaye je raVI athon jam. 'itMlii'F,j [kuvalymiV] a Surajvanshi king, who according to Vishnupuran, had 21 ,000 sons and ;:;gad nIj guruta daI bhalle bhale VIcar, 100 according to Harivansh. See yq. 2 son of amardas ko nIj sakal dino jagat udhar. Maharaja Shakarjit, whose name was amardas apne sakal guruta prabhuta gyan, Ritudhvaj. Galav Rikhi gave him a horse named ramdas ko sab dIyo jo SOQhIsultan. Kuvalay so as to kill demons who interfered arjun bIkram nam ha arjun jag purhut, with oblations. Hence this, name. See ~. jIn jag jas arjun kIyO ramdas ke put. arjun sunu udarmatI hargobf d narf d, ~ [kuvlasv] See ~~lJlTlJ. jIn han b mare nIkhII bEri prabal ka:d'd. 'itFMlii' [kuvlTyal, is~~ffTlit;r [kuvliapirJ Skt 't'*11:1141'$ a powerful and intoxicated elephant choQYo jab gurudatt ju jagmaya VIstaI', of Kans, which was killed by Krishan and tIn ke sut harIray ko dino guruta bhar. Balram. "kuvliapir apI maraIda pIara."-sor bhaye sunu han ray ke guru atrI~n harIkrI~n, tajyo jabE tInha jagat tabE kari yeh pra~n. m4. guruta prabhuta ko UCIt? tegbahadur ek, ~[kuval1a] adj lacking method (to do things). narayan ja par kIyo bhaktI sudha ko sek. ~ [kuvak], ~~XJf [kuvakyJ, ~ [kuvac], ~ [kuvacyJ n unpleasant remark, abuse. nIj jan kErav sukh karan tegbahadur cad, jIn bhav paravar ke dur kIye dukh dyad. 2 adj utterance not worthy of speech.

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~[kuvat], ~ [kuvatri] S n wicked course,

gF;rel' [kUrIl] due to daughters. "kufIl rarti

dhami."-sava m 1. 'because of daughters, wives and homes'. ~;ft [kuriJ girl, virgin. See G ~m and ~m. 2 daughter. 3 in Jhang, a wife is called kuri. ~ [kurimar] adj daughter-killer. In olden times some people used to kill daughters so that they might save themselves wedding expenses and hence avoid having a son-in-law. In Sikhism, a daughter-killer is an outcaste. As a result of this, the practice has decreased a lot in the country. "mi!).a Jr masadia mona kuri ju mar. hOI sIkkh varta!). karE;'it kar6ga khvar." -tanama. ~ [kurhna] v writhe in anger. ~ [kul, 'i [kill In the western dialect ofPunjabi, this postposition indicates objective or dative case. "pasa!). ku saca dhani."-var manz 2 ill 5. "tIna kil mIIIoh."-sri chat m 5. "jfdu hI sailljhaI."-s fdrid. 2 P ,r n street, lane. cp>tGT [kuata] n well. "kud~a eku pac pdl.uhari_ ,. -gcJU kdbir. 'The body is a well, five senses are water drawers.' ~ [kual).a] v utter a word, speak, say. ~ [kua] well. ~ [kuasahIb] a well, which the Guru got dug. See ~ and~. 2 a well got dug by the Guru, two and a half kohs away from Anandpur, FtC. [kui] small well. ~ [kuh] n cry; shriek. "uthi kuh jah grre bir tama." -sdloh. ~ [ku1wi] Skt ~ n elbow. [kuk] n shout. "je darImagat kuk kare mahli khasam su!).e."-asa m 1. 2 announcement, proclamation with the beat of a drum. "sastra bed ki pIurI kuk nd hOI."-mala m 3. ~ [kuka!).] wife of a [kuka], follower of the Namdhari sect. 2 See ~. ~~ [kuk!).a], ~C')T [kukna] v call. "kIthE

evil path. "dubIdha ChOQI kuvatri."-asa am 1. "duji ChOQI kuvatri Ikas SIU cItu In.'' --sava m 5. ~ [kuvada] See ~. ~ [kuvfd] See ~. ~ [kuver] See ~. ~ [kuvaQ] See ~. ~ [kuvaQal] adj archer. "krur kuvaQal ko ra!).maQal."-cantr 1. 2 n earth's atmosphere. ~ [kuvrIt], ~ [kuvrIta] adj who earns through evil means; crooked earner, scoundrel. ~ [kUVrItI] n sinful earning; vile way to make a living, venality. "as kUVrItI bir durdharakh atI."-paras. ~ [kuvvat] See ~. ~ [kurJ n wooden lid put on a churning pot with a hole to insert a churning stick. 2 See~. ~ [kurakki] n trap. ~ [kurta] See ~. ~ [kurna] v droop by withering. 2 crumble by drying. 3 See ~. g;n-r [kuram] short for, and a transform of, kutGbmal.:lI; fathers of son-in-law and daughter-in-law respectively, who are looked upon with reverence in both the families. "kIS hi dhara kia kuram sake nalI javai."-asa m 4.
2S~family.

~ [kuram!).i] mothers of son-in-law and of

daughter-in-law respectively, who are gems for both the families. ~ [kurmai] n act of selecting a daughterin-law or son-in-law; in-lawship. 2 engagement, betrothal. "kuram kurmai aya balnam jiu." -suhi chal m 4. ~ [kuf3!).a] adj dried, withered; crumbled. ~ [kUrI] adv having withered away. See ~. "kharu paki kUfI bhajE bInSE."-sri m 1 pellIre.

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kukdI; jau?"-ma}h m .5 dInrm. "keso keso kukiE."-s kdbir. Q [kukdr] Skt ct~ n dog. "kukdr sukdr kdhif kupara."-maru salhe m 5. 2 See fum. ~c(driifTj [kukdrdnstI] SeeRof~. "kukdrdnstI rid kdb mdn dhdrni."-NP ~ [kukdrIJ, ~ [kukri] bitch. "bfSdndU ki kukdn bhdli."-s kabir. 'Better is the bitch of the Creator's devotee.' WW [kuka] See ~ 8. ~rq [kukI] after screaming, crying. "kukI mue gavara."-vad c115t m 3. 2 announcing loudly with the beat ofa drum. "ved kukI slJI,lavdhI." -var marl! 1 m 3. ~ [kuku] P II onom dove's cooing. few [kukedIa] crying, screaming. See
tJTiJ]f-tnfT.

2 cr:,1S1'fTU"5, a particular race ofdemons. "mdt kukhmagCltVCl tClvprasad SdPhIa."-salah. ~ [kucl 5'k1 ~ n weaver's brush. "kuc bIcare phue phcd."-g5Q kabir. :2 beard. 3 P &;1 move, advance. "kdrna kuc rdhIrIU t1UTU nahi."-suhi ravIdas. ~ [kucI;a] v ~ cleanse by scrubbing; rub. ~i3faij'd [kucbIharl a Hindu state, which is to the north of Bengal; and the main city or its capital, situated at the bank ofToursa river. F [kuca] n brush. "apan hathI apI hi de kuca ape laI."_var majh m 2. 2 a scrubber to cleanse the utensils. 3 P --::>/ lane, street. 4 alley, path. .CItJT feMoe'l"'l,fR'Uf [kuca dIIvalisrgh] a street ofAjmeri gate Delhi, where Mata Sahib Kaur and Mata Sundri stayed for some time. There is no gurdwara there. Arora Hindus live in the house. See R'm. ~ [kuci] small brush. 2 brush of the artist. 3 mason's small brush to paint walls. 4 broom, broomstick.

~~ [kukhmag] See wn-r~.

[kuj] Skt n sound, word. "sodClr mIl kuj karata."-NP" ijff [kuj] Ski' ~~ crane; a violet-coloured bird with a long neck, which causes heavy loss to the fields. It flies to hot countries at the beginning of winter and moves back to the cold ones in summer. "apni kheti rakhIlf kuj parfgi khetI."-sri 111 3. Here kuj means death. ~ [kujan] Skt n producing a sound, uttering a word. 2 song of birds. ijtRJT [kujra] See ;:f;::sr. "rdjak kujre panihar." -NP ~ [kujra] See '~HT. "aju phClridf kujra Sf koha thiomI."-s farid. ij'i'1;P' [kujra] Skt :;i"i'TnjGT vegetable and fruit seller; one who brings fruit from the jungle. cit=r.ft [kujri] wife of a vegetable seller. 2 crane. "aj mIlava sekhpharid, takIm kujria."-asa. Here kGja stands for the senses. [kuja] A ~)j n goblet with a handle, jug. "purab kham ikuj2."-var 111ala 1111. YO-fTa"-WH'~. 'Liquid ofconsciousness [ab] fills the fragile [xam] body [kuzaJ.' '''kuja bag nIvaj musIa." -bas5t a In 1. 2 lump of crystallized sugar in an earthen pot. "kuja meva mf sabhkIchu chakhIa."~gauIn 1. 3 wild white rose. "phul gulab kevra kuja."-raghu. 4 Skt jasmine. ijm [kl1ji] See ~m. "satan hath I rakhi kuji." -1'a111111 5. ~ [kujigarl Sl~e ct~. [kut] n direction, side. 2 Skt peak of a hill, hillock. "gnyo janu kutsthali VrIcch mul;)." -rudr. 3 hill. "jamna tClt kut paryo 1Gh bhat?" -NP. 4 heap of corn. 5 hammer. 6 dagger kept hidden in a walking stick; hidden weapon. 7 intrigue, deception. 8 secret. 9 puzzle, riddle. 10 adj false. 11 intriguer. 12 artificial, fake. 13 sinner. ~GFtT [kutasth] ad} fixed! like a mountain, motionless, static ~?ecretly concealed, hidden.

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3 n the Timeless. One, the Creator. "kIm kutasth lahE nrrdhare?"-GPS. 4 soul. ~ [kuttan] See 3'0. f!27i [kutan] v beat, thrash, warn. 2 n pimp. "kutan SOI jo man kau kUtE."-g5Q k<'Jbir. People used to condemn Kabir. He used this term in the opposite sense to emphasise that he who bashes his own mind is akutan. ~ [kuth] See ijO~. 2 a herb. See ~ 2. cjw [kuQa] See cj~. 2 mortar made of stone or clay to grind spices in etc. 3 vat of a dyer. 4 weaver's shallow earthen vessel. "chute kUQe bhigE puria."-g<'Ju k<'Jbir. 'renounced were mortar, pleasing objects, smoking and sexual pleasure.' See~. [kUl:J.], ~ [kul)a] n angle, edge. 2 corner. 3 See~. [kut] A .::,.,;; occupation, provisions. 2 See ~. 3 See ~. 4 See ~. ~ [kutl)a], ~ [kutna] v assess, evaluate, appraise. 2 assess the quantum of a field's produce. ~~ [kutu] See ~~. "keti datI janE bl)U kutU."-jdpU. 2 Skt short for l'ifTCJ3'. ~ [kudna] See ~. [kuna], ~ [kunar] S See cj()l". ~ [kunha] n leather-bag for carrying water. [kupl Skt n that which has less water as compared to ponds and rivers; well. "kup bhano jEse dadrra."-gdu r<'JvIdas. "kup te meru karavE."-sar kdbir. 'turns a pit into the peak of a hill,' i.e. turns the low into the high. 2 See OIOTO 6. ~ [kupm;}duk] frog of a well, meaning a person who has never left his place; who knows nothing about the outside world; shallow, iIIiterate. ~ i'lWliI' [kupm;}Quk nyay] See 0JIT0f. ~ [kupara]l is like a well. "grIh adh
1~~~~<fW~l:JT[l(<l<''f>i\fu~)~

kupaIa."-suhi m 5 p<'Jrtal. '!l.fT6' [kupar] n well; fissure made in the earth. "muhI kaQho bhuja pasan adh kuparia."-g<'Ju d m 5. 'Extend your helping hand and pull out of the dark well.' 2 short for akupar. See
~.

~ [kubri] See ~.

Wf [kum] short for kumal. "dharmakur, sakul

kum dala, jfh ~akh baQhi sumti sukh bhari."

-NP
n delicate shoot; bud. "kaIa kumal phul gUl)."-var suhi m 1. ~ [kuya~] P J}.j lane, street. [kur] n falsehood, untruth, lie. "sukh S;}patI bhog IS jia ke bInu han nanak jane kur." -tOQI m 5. 2 adj coward, timid. "sur kur tIh tba parkhEhE."-saloh. 3 worthless, mean. "kaha kfnrani kur?"-carItr 212. 4 horrible, frightening. 5 pitiless, cruel. 6 n garbage, tatters, soiled clothes. "kab-hu kuran cane bInaVE."-bher namdev. 'sometimes He makes one search grams from the garbage.' 7 ~ (blind) is also pronounced . See ~. ~ [kuram] Skt ~H n tortoise. 2 second incarnation of Vishnu. See ~~. 3 one of the ten breaths by which the eyelids open. 4 a Puran in which the story ofKacchuAvtar, figures in the main. 5 Devrikhi, a publisher of the hymns of Rigved. "machu kachu kuramu agIa autrasi."-maru solhe m 5. ~ [kurampural)] See ~ 4 and ~. ~ [kurmapall, ~ [kurmapalu] Skt ~ bed of a tortoise; bed in the form of a tortoise. "kurmapalu sahasraphani basaku sejvalua."-mala namdev. 'tortoise and the mythological bed like the thousand-headed snake.' ~ [kuramu] See ~. [kura] adj false, untrue. "bInSE bhram kura.,,_asa d m 1. "sagal bInase rog kura."
~[kumal]

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-ram m 5. "kure gao.han gao.he."-gau m 4. 2 rubbish, garbage. "ketak kura karahf sakelan."-GPs. 3 microbe. [kurI] falsely, untruly.. "nahI mlliE pH kUrI."-sri m 1. 2 n falsehood, untruth, lie. "atarI haumE kUrI."-sri m 5. 3 See gaT. ~ [kuri] adj false, untrue. ~ [kul] Skt n bank, shore, coast. 2 rear of the army. 3 Fa water channel" rivulet. Skt .~ channel. "jae rallo o.haIr kulI."-s kabir. 'mingled in the channel of water.' ~ [kulghari] stream, that corrodes its own sides. "taha SOl) ki kulghari Inrajf."-cantr 405. ~ [kula] adj soft, tender. "saghan bas kuIe." -basJt m 5. 'Redolence has erupted from the tender plants.' ~ [kulI] in the channel of water. See 3. ~ [kulh] See 3. ~ [kur] n fraud, falsehood, untruth. "kur kapat kamavE mahadukh pavE."-suhi chat m 4. "kur bolI blkhu khaval).Ia."-majh am 3. ~E$OlaiE$ [kurkabar] n rubbish, sweepings, waste, garbage. 2 untruth and evil thoughts . "choo.Clhu pral).i kurkabara."-maru solhe m 1. [kura] n rubbish, sweepings. 2 adj false, fraudulent. "kura lalacu choo.if."-asa am 1. ~ [kurava], ~ [kuravi] adjfalse, unreal, untrue. "habhe sak kurave 0. I the."--var ram 2 -var asa.2 cheat, dishonest, intriguer. "kuri pure thau."-var mala m 2. 'A hypocrite fills the place of good persons or usurps that ofthe honest ones.'
~

1Jfu

[kuru] See . "kuru raja kuru parja."-var asa.

m5.
falsehood, with untruth. "kUrl vlguti ta pHI muti."-gau c1'lJt rri 3. See O{1..f"C. 2 of the liar. "kUrI kure nehu laga."-var asa. 'The Iiar has lust for the unreal, for the false.' ~ [kupar] adj who tells lies. "asakh kupar kure phIrahI."-japu. iJf':p,rrfu [kupan] (woman) who is false, untrue. "VIl).U naVE kUrlarI."-Sor Cl ill 3. ~ [kupari] false, untrue. "kupari rajE kurI."-var sor m 4. ~ [kuri] adj dishonest. "kuri raSI kura vapar."
~[kUrl] due to

[kurd false, untrue. 2 in falsehood. "asakh kUfI ar kure ph Hal1I. "-japu. [kure] with falsehood. See gfu'" 2. ~ [kuro kur] adj falsehood beyond measure, nothing but untruth. "kuro kur kare vapara."--Inaru sollIe m 3. ~ [ke] pron what. 2 any. "je tISU nadarI na avai ta vat na pUChE ke. "-japu. 3 sui of. "tIn ke nam anek anat"-japu. 4 adj many. "tIthE bhagat vClsalu ke loa."-japu. 5 part or. "jo upjIO so lnnas hE paro aj ke kal."-s m 9. day before yesterday or day after tomorrow, today or tomorrow. ~ [keu] adv why, how. "keu nHasa hOI?" -var ram 1m3. ~ [keut] See ~c. ~ [keura] See <3tG~. ~ [keu] pron some. ~ [kel], -5,'it [kei] pron some. "akhahI SI bhI keI keI."--japu. "kei laha lEcale."-var sar m 2. 2 very few; hardly any. a-'R' [kes] Skt ~H n hair. "kes sagI das pag jharau."-guj m 5. 'The hair is the first outward symbol of a baptised Sikh.' See tfm>. 2 god of water, Varun. 3 P Jf... mode, custom, fashion. 4 habit, nature. 5 religion, faith. 6 an island in the Persian Gulf. ~ [kesau] See i~. "PIo. patalI meri kesau klrIa."-asa m I. 'Coarse barley on plater sustains me.' ~ [kesan] n enemy of hair, razor. 2 hairremover. iUrcit [keski] n small turban, worn for the safety of the hair.

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~ [keskotL ~ [kesgarh]

878

Keskot and Kesdurg etc have been coined by Bhai Sukha Singh in Gur Vilas while literally translating the word Kesgarh. Kesgarh is that sacred place in Anandpur, where the tenth Guru revitalized the inert community by baptizing them on 1SI ofVaisakh Sammat 1756 and directing them to grow long hair. This is the third Seat of Khalsa. For the arms of Guru Gobind Singh, lying over here, See ~ under~-a~ [kesgur] See ~. ctR~ [kesdurag] See ~. ~ [kesdhari] adjwho grows long hair; who does not shave. 2 n devout Sikh. 3 Guru Gobind Singh. bacan gurudev ke gyan ESO kio mukatI ki yukatI Ese bIcari, race kartar yS raci akar te japEgi jap subh SrIstI sari, tatv ko dharkE jit bali phate mar dutan kiyo bhasam chari, bhayo jEkar trdok c::Jd bhavan aeal partap guru ke~dhari. -guru ?obha. ~ [ke~pa~] Skt n knot of braided hair. ~"l'IQ [kesar] Skt n saffron. "kesar kusam mIrgamE h,m:ta."-tIlag m J. 2 long hair on the neck of a horse and a lion; mane. 3 pistil ofa flower. For this ke~0r is also correct. 4 Dg a large evergreen tree. ~ [kesri] adj dyed in saffron colour. 2 of saffron colour. 3 n father ofHanuman. 4 horse. S lion; for having mane, the horse and the lion are known by this name. ke~ri is also correct. ~ [kesria] iion. See fu:Rft 5. 2 adj saffron coloured. ~ [kesriabahi] Skt OlHfd~lui'il Durga, who rides a lion. "kesriabalu bmari."-paras. OlAdh3 [kesric5d] a hill raja of Jaswal who was killed by Bhai Uday Singh in the battle of

Anandpur. See ~ 2 brother-in-law of raja Bhim Chand Kehluri who along with Vazir Parmanand (Pamma) acted as an emissary in the court of the tenth Guru. ~1"(Jc'j't [kesribahni] See ~. ~~ [kes;w] S'kr <'ZB~ n one whose hair IS praiseworthy; one having beautiful hair; Vishnu. 2 the Creator, who is kind to Brahma and Shiv. "kesav kalcsnas aghkhaQan."--bIla m 5. 3 one who slew Keshi, the demon; Krishan. 1 4 manifest God. 2 ~~ [ke~avdas] adj a worshipper of the Creator. 2 n renowned poet ofVarijbhasha and authority on Hindu poetry, a known Pandit, who was a resident of Bundelkhand He was a rich Brahman. In Shivsinghsaroj, the year ofhis birth has been shown as Sammat 1624. He wrote Kavipriya, Rasikpriya, Ramchandrika etc, books of verse very much adored by the poets. lndarjit raja of Oreha, gave twenty-one villages to Keshavdas as estate. Sec ~. 3 See ~ 2. ~ [kesaIO] SktWt with hair. "caran jhari kesaIo."-sar m 5. ~ [ke~atak] 11 razor. 2 hair-remover. am [kesI] See am. 2 with hair. cV:ft [kesi] Skt ~, adj having hair. 2 11 a demon, who, on the orders ofKansa, assumed the form of a horse to kill Krishan. Krishan killed him by putting his ann in his mouth. "kesi kas mathanu jIl1I kia."--gSq' namdev. 3 In etymology, the sun is named KeshL for wearing rays [keshl. 4 from the hair. "kas kesi pakarI gIraIya."--c5q'i 3. 5 due to the hair. "na S;:)tI mug mu~iae kesi."-var ram J m J. 'Attainment of truth comes neither by getting shaved, nor by keeping hair.' OlmH(')I(') [kesis,:man] n the act of washing hair; ----i See kPrQlJ<JT<! nfF.r 5. ;) 16. '3Tv1<fT 11" 'JiI>1~fft "lfl1 d cf;')T ~rnw.
i';1@ cf;~roi

mur.

<T"J:!T\l. 1J1~r f~ mll11-mohabharot.

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i5lsr [kehu] pron any. "un thao na kehu."-sar m 5. bath including hair-wash. ctg- [kesu] See 'WIT 2. "k5s kesu m;:Jraha."-sor ~ [kehe] of what type. ~[kek] n crab, red-coloured fish ofscorpion's m 4. "k;'\s kesu caquru n;:J koi."--g;:Ju e> m 1. shape. ~"lJ [kesu] See ~. U:Ft [keso] See~. "keso kio na mit."-s kdbir. ~ [kekai] Skt ~ml daughter of rajaAshvpati of Kekaya,who was wife of Dashrath and ~ [kesogopal] protector of the earth, the mother of Bharat. Creator, who keeps a benign eye on Brahma and Shiv. See c5f~ 2. "kesogopal paqlt Olae1hi'i [kekain;,\dcm] Bharat, son of Kekai. ~ [keby] a territory in Kashmir region, now sadlahu."-se>du. ~[ke$ot;:Jmma] adjhaving beautiful hair. called Kakka. 2~ something from the land of ~ [kesodas] See &H!iH. 2 a tantaric who, Kckay.3 inhabitant ofKekay, of Kakka. ";:JSIt with the help of magical hymns, boasted of kara!). prabhclsat kekay."-ramav. 'Kekay incarnating Durga in the presence of Guru horses, having black ears, look very glorious.' Gobind Singh, but ultimately left Anandpur 4 land between Beas and Satluj. Sahib in utter shame. Kesodas also refused to ~ [kekyi] See i51crel teach Sanskrit to the Sikhs. clcrr [keka] Skt n sound of a peacock. ctFr [kesJ] See~. "k;:Jh:[ bbir kes:) jdgI jogi." cioit [keki] n peacock. -bIla. etfu3' [kent] pron anyone, someone. cltJ [keh] ad'T how, why. "suami nulir keh?" ~ [kejarnJI A f';;; n act of snapping. 2 sword. -gdu m 5. 2 somehow. "Ik bud na pavai keh." "jape chappar chae ba!).ia kejma."-c.:JQi 3. -sri 2 m 1. See ~. 3 adj some, "nanak r5gu 'Swords drawn (by both sides) seemed as if nCJ utT!' bIa na lagr keh."-var sor m 3.4 pron the battlefield was covered with a thatched to whom. roof. ' cl"u [keh] adv somehow. 2 adj some. "tIsu bIn tTI:n;r [kejma] swords, See &-m-r 2. an na keh."-jEt m 5, ~ [keqa], :&-it [keQi] how big, how large. ~ [kehra] pron which, who. cl3' [ket] pron how many. "uthI sIdhare ket." iltIfu [keh;:Jn], frmft [kehri] Skt lion with the -bavdn. 2 how much, to what extent. "manukh mane. "aj krvaSI guru kino kehan."-asa m 5. ki kahu ket calai?"-asa m 5. "gun naIka! gu!). 'Now humility-cum-selfishness is arrogance.' kahiyr ket."-cu:la m 5.3 any. "karaj nahi ket." Ol~J1a'ii3 [kehribar] n a forest infested with lions. -majh baTdhmaha. 4 why. "ta qCJrir ket?"-var "'12k dIvas yah gayo $Ikara. ja dIS huti sri m 4. 5 Skt abode. 6 place. 7 sense. kehribara."-c2rItr 297. 8 concep1:. 9 grain. 10 flag; ~ and -&'3, both ~ [kehro], fuET [kehra], ~ [kehro] S pron are correct 11 See fu;r 3. which one, who. "prabh thanu tero kehro?" ihrcT [ketak] adj how many. 2 how much. "mE -kanm 5, mur;:Jkh ki ketak bat hr kOtI paradhi. 1 tana chJr [keha] advofwhat kind. 2 how. "bura kare re."-sor m 5. "'manukh ki kahu ketak bat." so keha sIjhr?"-s2va m 3, --bhET m 5. c5ffu [kehr] pron to whom, towards whom. ~ [ketakI], &-3ci.T [ketki] Skt n screwpine 2 adv how. "gu!).hi!).i sukh kehr?"-sri 2 m 1. tree L Pandanus Odoratissimus. 2 screwpine ~ [kehra] of what kind, of what sort. laccuscd.

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"keval nam dio gurmatu."-gclU m 5. 4 n a village seven kohs south ofDamdama. While moving from Damdama to the south, the tenth Guru first stayed here. It is four miles to the nOlth east ofKalanwali railway station in tehsil and police station Rouri in district Hisar. Outside the village to the south, there is a gurdwara of the tenth Guru. A legally constituted committee manages the gurdwara. With this gurdwara, forty bighas of land is attached. ~ [kevra] Skt ~ n It is from the pandanus family. It has white colour and its flower is bigger than screw pine. Its essence or scent is widely used. Many scholars regard pandanus and screw pine as of one and the same thing and not from different families. See ir3"W. ~ [kevari] See ~. it=:rr [keraJ n twist, crease. 2 See ~. ~ [kerha] pron who, which one. ~ [kr] pron how many, many. "kE loa khapI marijai."-var mala m 1. 2 from whom. "hall kE dan puchau jae?"-sri m 3. "kE SIU kari pukar."-dhana m 3. 3 part or. "karte ki mI tI karta jaI)E, kE ja!)E guru sura. "-oJkar. "kE sagatI kan sadhu ki kE han ke gUll gaI."-s kabir. 4 of. "pdhIle pahIrE rE!)I kE va!)jana mItra." -sri m 1 paiure. 5 having done. "kE prdddkkhna bri prd!)am."--GPS. "prabhu thabh te nIkse kE bIsthar."-basJt kabir. 6 from. "mdd maIa kE adh."-sri m 9. "gurmatI satI kar jonI kE ajonI bhae."- BGK. 7 See ~. el' [kE J pron where. "tudhu no chOQ I jaiE prdbhu kE dhan?"--asa m 5. 'where should we go?' ilFr [kES] adv whatsort of, how, why. "kaho su kEs paiE?" -akai. cli:r [kEs] n brawL conflict. clffir [kEsar] A n emperor, Caesar. 2 emperor of Rome. Many scholars hold that

in the Roman language kEsar is the name of one who takes birth after his mother's death. Augustus the emperor of Rome, had such a birth. Hence his name became kEsar; since then this word came to be used for a king or an emperor. ~ [kEsa], a-tRor [kEsIk], fu:ft [kEsiJ, [kEsel, [kEso] advwhat sort of, ofwhat kind. "kEse hangUl). gavE?"-vaQ a m 3. 'what type.' 2 kEsi has also been Llsed to mean jEsi. "chapa kar kEsi chabI kalfdi ke kul ke."-akal. ~ [krhbatJ See ~. ~ [kd1drJ See CfiB. ihr' [kEha], fuJT [kEha] n bronze. "ujalu kEha cIldkl).a."-suhi 111 1. "kEha kacan tutE sar." -var majh m 1. elm [kEhi] pron of anybody, of somebody. "luau na kEhi thahI."-s (arid. 'Do not break anybody's heart.' ~ [kEk] pron several. "dIn kEk gae. "-prrthu. clcmt [kEbyi], ~ [kEkei], ~- [kEkeyiJ See

w:r

mr

~.

.r!

2 This word has also been used for -&cmT. "jit juddh dYE bar lae kEkE."-carrtr 102. 'Kaikayi got two boons from Dashrath.' ~ [kEkhusroJ , / emperor of Iran, who was the third ruler from the Kiani family. He was son of Sayabash and grandson ofKaikaus. He is counted among religious kings. His name has occurred in the eighth hakayat. ~ [kEci] T Skt cBo't n scissors. ~ [kEtabh] Skt n glowworm. 2 brother of Madhudait. There is a story in Mahabharat and Ramayan that when Vishnu was sleeping in water, two demons took birth from his ears (from the dirt of the ear); one was Kaitabh, and the other was Madhu. They saw Brahma on the lotus flower and got ready to kill him. Brahma worshipped Vishnu, so Vishnu killed

clcl [kEkEJ because of.

J!

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both in the battle. In the first Chandicharitar ofDasam Granth, there is a translation of this very story. '\;hrutmd te dEt race jug ta .... madhu kEtabh nam bhae tIn ke... juddh karya tIn s6 bhagvat, na mar sakE atI dEt bali hE, sal bhae tIn pac hdjar, duhu larte naln bah tali hE, dEtdn rijh kdhyo-"varmag" kuhyo harI-"siscln dehu", bhali hE, dhar um pdr Cdkr s6 katkE, jotI IE apne 5g mali he" It is written in the 52 th chapter ofHarivansh that Brahma made two toys of mud, and when he put life into them, they became Madhy and Kaitabh demons. See Hl]. ~ [kEtbharI] Vishnu, who was the enemy of Kaitabh demon. See m- 2. ~ [kEthal] a hill state in district Shimla. Kayonthal. ~ [kEthe], ~ [kEthE] Bg adv where. "baharI kEthe jaIo?"-gau m 5. "deh na hah tom mal).u krthE relnta?"-srdhgosatT. 2. pron who. "bIn bhIl).e kEthE paIO re."--tocji m 5. clw [kE4al n measure. 2 mould, structure. 3 Po pron whose. ~ [kEtdv] Skt n deceit. 2. gamble. 3 thornapple . 4 greenery. 5 adj gambler. 6 cheat. ~ [kEtvapdnhut:c] See fl.IQB (b). cla- [k~thl Skt c~fth:r n wild pear~ See cm.fa-. 2 See orfutr. ~ [kEthal] main city of a tehsil of district Kamal, situated in Kuruksihetar area, 19 kohs west of Kamal. This city was founded by Yudhishtir. Because of the temple of Hanuman's mother Anjina, here, it was named KapisthaL Bhai Gurubaksh Singh's son Bhai Desu Singh of Bhagtu dynasty occupied the area in 1767 and made Kaithal his capital. His

son Lal Singh and grandson Bhai Uday Singh ruled over if: welLl'he poet laureate ofthe court, Bhai Santokh Singh, while living in this city, wrote Guru Pratapsuray etc. Bhai Uday Singh had no child, so after his death on 15 th March, 1843, this state was annexed into the English dominion. 1 There are two gurdwaras of the ninth Guru in Kaithal-- one: in Thandhar Tirathpur and the other in the city itself. Ten bighas of land is attached to the outer gurdwara. A mangosa tree, since the time of the Guru, stands at this place, the leaves of which were given by the Guru to a sick man "'ho recovered from his illness. The outer gurdvvara gets rupees one hundred from the Patiala state and forty seven rupees from the J ind state annually. One hundred ibighas of land was donated by Bhai Uday Singh. See 'g~ ~. [kEd] A _,~ n imprisonment, confinement. <l'e'r [kEda] See cffi~. 2 pron of somebody. "nalu mE tras dhar6 rIpU kEda."-GPs. W[krda] would say. 2 See m:r2 of somebody. ~ [kEda] adv how. ~ [kEdil A j } adjwho is a prisoner. clmr [kEdhar ],~'qfu [kfdharI] where, in which direction. "tudhu no cho4I jaiE prabhu kfdharI?"-asa m 5. clif [kEdhOJ, a;i:r [kEdh5] part as if. ihlfu[kEpaln] to whom. "dusarkEpahI javau?" -asa m 5. 2 from whom. "kEpdhI dikhIa leva?"-suhi m 1. b [kef] A ...;f n strong liquor. "kEph kacni me dhan khovl~."---(:JPS.2 intoxication. "posat bhag aphim magay PIYO sabh $ok VIda kar4aryo.

a-e-

IThe territOl~~' occupied by Bhai Sukha Singh, the younger brother of Bhai Desu Singh, was not confiscated_ Successors ofSukha Singh have two chiefships ofAmoli and Sudhuval in district Kamal.

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mCltt hVE caroi kEph;m s6 sut fdr ke sIi) Im bEn pahI ete jahI ViSClrI nanka Iku namu."-sava ucaryo."-krIScll1. 3 adv how. m 3. 'The murder of some one spiritually ~ [kEphIya], mft [kEphi] adj drunk. "raj enlightened, a cow, and a maiden, and seizure kEphIye kClmavE."-CdrItr 245. "Ikk p')tha.Q. of a cheat's food (for retaining or eating) are kEphi ne mEnU dhClkka deke sutghClttIa". sins. Such sins befall a person who forgets the -JSBM. name of the Creator. To forget the Creator's ~ [kEphiyClt] A n description, detail. name is most sinful.' ihra' [kEbClr] n an arrow. "tuppClk tClrak. kEbClf ~ [kEle] a village in police station Raikot, district brak."-VN. and tehsil Ludhiana. A gurdwara of Guru '&Hift [kEinri] wild fig. L Ficus Venosa: Skl1..fCifit Hargobind is situated here. Only the maji is mlfuor ?).iJltif [kEmuttI k nClyay] See ?iJlTOf. there; no other structure exists. It is about 10 ~ [krr] n wild caper. miles away from the railway station Mullanpur. ~ [krrClu] n Kaurav. from the Kuru dynasty. ~ [kEvClI], ~ [kEvClly] SkI ~ n oneness, "meri meri kerClU kClrte duryodhCln se bhai." meaning unity with the Creator; supreme -dhana namdev. spiritual state. "kEvCllda ucre subh bEna."-NP. ~ [krrClv] Ski n blue lotus. "sadhCln krrClV ko 2 purity, pristine state. bIgsavClt."-NP. 2 enemy. 3 gambler. 4 Kaurav, ~ [ko]pron who. "gurmCltI ram bhI ko ko nCl descendant of Kuru. "kEr.:w r.:).Q. ghae."-paras. bEkuth gCle."-toe,li namdev. 2 anyone. "hClrI ~ [krro], ~: [krr6] Kaurav; from the Kuru bInu tere ko nCl sahai."-sar m 9. "bhuICl.Q.adClrI lineage. "kEro kurukhetr mare prClchac;l. "-gyan. sClbhuko."-sri am 1. 3 particle of accusative b [kEl] See etl? 4. 2 See WGR? 3 new sprout, and dative case. of. "ram ko bClI puran bhai." tender shoot. -gau m 5. 4 P / short for fu-", that he. ilw [kEla] SkI ~ n horse with deep red ~ [kou], ~ [kou] pron any. "kou sughClr nCl kou mura."-bc)Van. colour. ~ [kElas] SkI n Shining like a crystal on ~fT [koa] n eye's edge, corner of the eye. water is a beautiful mountain to the west of 2 sugarcane's eye, from where it sprouts. Tibet and north of Mansarovar, which the ~ [ko-aQ] n bow. See~. "hClth hClSSE kClSSE Chinese call kIyunlCln. Per Purans, this ko-ac;la."-ramav. mountain is the abode of Shiv and Kuber. ~ [kou-ac;lClj] Skt~: arrow, which flies Thousands of visitors from Tibet, China and from the bow.-s.:mama. India come here and go around it. 2 prince. ~ ~ [ko-ac;lClj dami] arrow shot with a bow; the army showering arrows-sanama. See 1J7i't (h). ~ [kElakhClr] old name of a doon (valley), ~ [ko-ac;lni] bow-wielding army-sanama. in Tehri state, between Ganga and J amuna itfu [kOI] pron anyone. "kOI TICl kIS-hi jeha." -maru solhe m 3. rivers. "g~g jClmun bhitClr bClS kelakhClr ki dun."-carItr 25. ~ [koII] n Indian cuckoo. "kali kOII tu btu gUTII kali."-suhi farid. 2 In Gurbani, this word ~ [kEli] SkI afi.rw a cow with black teats. In is used for a devotee seeking spiritual Simritis, the best Kapila is described as one realisation. 3 a city in D.P. which is now known whose hair is brown and teats are black. by the name of Aligarh."koII ko uh gClrha "brClhmCl.Q. kEli ghatu k3J1ka Cl.Q.cari ka dhanu,

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bath includil'lg hair-wash. cl1J [kesu] See '&FiT 2. "k;'\s kesu maraha."-sor m 4. "k;'\s kesu caquru lla koi."--gau a m 1. ~1J [kesu] See ~. clH [keso] See m=r~. "keso kio Ha mit."~s k;Jbir. ~ [kesogopal] protector of the earth, the Creator, who keeps a benign eye on Brahma and Shiv. See '&Fr~ 2. "kesogopal paqIt sadIahu."-sadu. -aH3'Hr [ke~otamma] adjhaving beautiful hair. ~ [kesodas] See QH~eiH. 2 a tantaric who, with the help of magical hymns, boasted of incarnating Durga in the presence of Guru Gobind Singh, but ultimately left Anandpur Sahib in utter shame. Kesod21s also refused to teach Sanskrit to the Sikhs. iUj' [kesJ] See~. "kalu kabir kesJ jagI jogi.'"

i5tsJ [kehu] pron any. "un thao na kehu."-sar m 5.

~

~[kek] n

[kehe] of what type. crab, red-coloured fish ofscorpion's

shape.

amft [kekai] Skt ~fi:nit daughter of raja Ashvpati

of Kekaya,who was wife of Dashrath and mother of Bharat. QOle1hel'l [kekain~}dan] Bharat, son of Kekai. ~ [kekay] a territory in Kashmir region, now called Kakka. 2: something from the land of Kekay.3 inhabitant ofKekay, ofKakka. "asIt kClraI,l prabhas;}t kekay."-ramav. 'Kekay horses, having black ears, look very glorious.' 4 land between Heas and Satluj. ~ [kekyi] See &o~ft. ~ [keka] Skt n sound of a peacock. c3lc!t [keki] n peacock. iffe'3" [keCIt] pron anyone, someone. ifm.r [kejam] A (~j n act of snapping. 2 sword. "jape chappar chae baI,lia kejma. "-cJQi 3. 'Swords drawn (by both sides) seemed as if the battlefield was covered with a thatched roof. ' it:lw [kejma] swords, See fu:n.r 2. ~ [keqa], ihft [keqi] how big, how large. clo [ket] pron how many. "uthI sIdhare ket." -bavan.2 how much, to what extent. "manukh ki kahu ket calai?"-asa 111 5. "gun naIka! gUI,l kahiYE ket."--bLia m 5.3 any. "karaj nahi ket." -majh barahmaha. 4 why. "ta c;lariE ket?"-var sri m 4. :; Ski abode. 6 place. 7 sense. 8 concept. 9 grain. 10 flag; ~ and &0, both are correct. 11 See 1~ 3. ~ [ketak] adj how many. 2 how much. "mE murakh ki ketak bat hE kotI paradhi.\ tarIa re."-sor 111 5, '''manukh ki kahu ketak bat." --bIzer m 5. ~ [ketak:c], a:o-dt [ketki] Skt n screwpine tree L Pandanus Odoratissimus. 2 screwpine
'accused.

-bria. 'Qu' [keh] adv how, why. "suami mIliE keh?"

-gc)(J III 5. 2 somehow. "Ik b{id na pavai keh."

-sri a m 1. See~. 3 adj some, "nanak ragu ne) utrE bIa nalagE keh."-var sor m 3.4 pron to whom. ~ [keh] adv somehow. 2 ad) some. "tIsu bI:n an llCl keh." -jet m 5. ihJw [kehra] pron which, who. ~ [kehanl, ~ [kehri] Skt lion with the mane. "aj kE vasI guru kino kehan."-asa m 5. 'Now humility-cum-selfishness is arrogance.' Qcldh:liij [kehribar] n a forest infested with lions. "12k dIvas vah gayo ~Ikara. ja dIs huh kehribara."-c;Jrrtr 297. ~uij- [kehrol, ~ [kehral, [kehro] S pron which one, who. "prabh thanu tero kehro?" -kanm 5, -a-w [keha] adv of what kind. 2 how. "bura kare so keha sIjhE?"-sava m 3, clfu [kehI] pron to whom, towards whom. 2 adv how. "guI,lhiI,li sukh kehI?"-sri am 1. clfu>w [kehIa] of what kind, of what sort.

ms-

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the icy current of Rudarhimala in Garhwal state.(U .P) at a hi II under the mountain of ~andckor. Mahapanth. The peak is 11,753 feet high. A ~ [ketdnI] adj a cannon with a cavity. "gala Sadashiv Mandir is situated there in which pdd prIthme UCdr ketdnI pCld kdhu ;jt." Mahadev in the form of a male buffalo is said -SClnama. abode of the cannon ball; the gun; to be placed. It is told that, after being defeated big cannon. by Pandavs, Shiv came here in the form of a ~[ketra], <Br[keta], &fuq[ketIk], tBt[keti] Skt male buffalo.! The priests of the temple are afu'-fuor3" adjhow much. "akhdU ketra."-suhi a Hindu ascetics who wear matted hair and m 1. "jdl mehI keta rakhiE dbh-atdrI suka."-asa ringing bells. "kGbhI jdU kedar nhai."-ram am 1. "keti datI jaDE kwu kutu."-japu. namdev. "kdPdf kedarE jai."-sor kabir. ~ [ketu] which. "kdr dllClrClth dClrClb sachIa so ~01Ff [kedarnathl Shiv. See ~ 3. kardj ketu?"-var jEt. 2 11 flag. "jInI dukh ka ~ [kedara] See ~~ 3. "gaga jdrnna kel katIa ketu."-dlldna m 5. 'The rule of torture kedara."-maru solhe m 1. 2 a complete rag of was put to end. ' 3 according to Purans a planet, Kalyan that in which rnClddhClrn pure and sharp the son of demon Viprachiti from the womb of are used. Both the nI~ads are also used. Pure Sinhika, which is counted among the nine rndddhClrn is primary note, and ~dfClj is secondary. rndddhdm is sharp and gdndhar is planets. 4 disease. 5 comet. 6 chieftain, headman. 7 pigmy. 8 See cB". weak. The time ofsinging is the second quarter ~ [ketumachi] 11 who has an emblem of ofthe night. gamut: nd ~d rnd, gd Pd, mi Pd dhd na dhd Pd, fish on his flag; Kam. J1C(f4cfi) "sdji sm achi, mdno ketumachi."-GV 10. ~d na dhCl pd, mi Pd dhCl pCl rnd, ra ~Cl. In Guru Granth Sahib, it is at number twenty~ [ketumal] according to Bhagvat, one of three. 3 See ~. the nine regions ofJambudveep. "ketumal jdhf khaQ suhava."-NP cl~ [kedari] Lumba Khatri, a resident of a'3' [kete], <Bfor [keteh], ~ [keteke] adj how Vatala, who became a disciple of Guru much, how many. "kete fd cad sur kete."-jdpU. Amardas and was famous as a person of great "jivna vicarI dekhI keteke dIna?"-dhana m 1. achievement. The Guru made him a preacher <l3' [ketEl so many, countless. "kdhdn kdhavCln and bestowed him with a Manji (Seat). See kdU kdi ketE."-kan m 5. mHtftlT. ~ [ketvayudh] ketu (flag) ayudh (arms) ~ [kedr] Skt 11 a core of the shaft. the centre 2 "sdkdl min ke nam kdhI ketvayudh kClhI ;jt." 'After getting defeated by Arjun, Shiv took refuge here in the form of a male buffalo. He thrust his torso into the -Sdnama. 'Attach ketu and ayudh to words hill, only his back being visible which the people worship. meaning fish'; as for example jhakhketu, The worship of'the remaining paIis is done at four other rndkarketu, mdcchketu, rnatdsyketu, rninketuayudh. All these mean arrow, the weapon of places: worship of limbs at Tungnath, of' mouth at Rudarnath, of navel at Madhyamesvar, head and matted Kam. hair at Kalpesvar. These five places are called five kedars. ~[kedar] Skt 11 field. 2 a small field in which 'In English this word has come from Greek Kentron and ~ (water) is fed by making ~ (a cut) in the it is a transform of Sanskrit kedr. channel. 3 a pilgrimage, which is situated in

flower. Many people use its essence and scent. It gives energy to the heart and the brain. See

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W; of"kabr keri kadh jIu."-sri m 1. of a circle. lin [ken] has done, does. "ut;:nn harr harr eta- [kere] plural of~; of. "ajab kam karte harr kere."-majh am 3. 2 pron plural of Q"(J"ijT ken."-kan m 4. 2 pron who, why; third declension, singular, "jen ken prakare harrjas (~); who. sunahu."-asa chJt m 5. 'somehow hear the ~ [kerhe] pron which. "'tu aho kerhe kamI." -s farid. 2 whose. praise of Hariyash.' 3 n an upnishad, which starts with Ken; that is why this name, as ch5' [kel] SkI' Q"f~: n play, fun. "jIm kelhII). kumar."-pnthu. "baj pae tIsu rab de kela sodaru. sopurakhu etc. The name of Ken vIsria."-s larid. 2 banana. "mali ke gharr kel Upnishad is also talavkar.. achr."-to<;ii namdev. 3 place of fun for ~ [keyur] SkI' n armlet. Krishan, Vrindavan. "gaga jamna kel kedara." ~ [ker] part of. "guru ker hukam SIr dharlin." -manz soLhem 1, 4 SkI' <5:fuorblue pine, a hilly -GPS. 2 n a gurdwara of Guru Nanak Dev tree inferior to the cedar tree in quality. about five kohs east of Mangat. See Qi;MfiJa. Ii~~ [kelkelali] adj who contro(s the 3 P ; : penis. playing ofKilali (by gods); because of whose QaS"l'fdS [kersahIb] About two furlongs east power gods aspire and endeavour to play the ofPindibahauddin police station, tehsil Falian. game. "han mr:llIa kelkelali."-dhana m 4. district Gujarat, is village Jaisukh, where a gurdwara ofGuru Nanak is situated. Maharaja ctw [kela] adj short for Ikela; uninvolved, disinterested. "maha anad kare sad kela."-asa Ranjit Singh donated 40 squares of land and namdev. 2 n banana tree. L Musa Sapientum. five thousand rupees a year to this gurdwara. Banana tree and its fruit are famous in all the He got constructed the dlarbar and the pond. Fairs are held here on the fourteenth offull countries. "kela paka jharr."-ram kabir. 'In the barbed fencing, banana is believed to be moon in Vaisakh and Chet and new moon night of Bhadon. The priests are Udasis. The ripe.' 3 See ~i. railway station is about six miles south of clwm [kelali] adf having nectar. 2 n God. See QMQMIM1. 3 one having water; cloud. Chilianwala. ~ [kerI).a] v pour, spread, scatter. 2 drop cim [kel:[] SkI' n fun, play. 2 coitus, sexual intercourse with a woman. 3 earth, ground, seeds of grain through a bamboo pipe. ci"ffi? [keral] SkI' n a southern state, that is spread land. from Kanyakumari to Gokaran along the sea cl#'[keI6l Sktfc:lj~~)}f n hilly wood having quality falling in-between pine and cedar wood, used coast, comprising Malabar Travancore and in buildings. Kanara. It is now called Kanara, and its language is called Kanari. See Bo. 2 inhabitant Ii~ [key] adv how. "tujhu bajhu pIare key raha?"-dhma m 1. "kev nEI).i dekhae?"-gau of the Kerala. 3 a branch of Phalit astrology, cMtm 1. which first began from Kerala. W [keral n act of pouring. 2 banana. 3 part ~ [kevall Skt n cave. 2 SkI' ~ boatman. of. "dhanu dhanu guru nanak jan kera."-gau ~ [kevaQl, c51,~~ [kevdQu] how big, of what m 4. "kat ki mai bapu kat kera. "-gau m 1. size. "kevaQu vaQa 'Jitha hOI?"-sodaru. ~ [keval] Skt adj only. "keval kalai kartar." ~ [kerra] poured, scattered. 2 part of. chit [keri] n small unripe mango. 2 feminine of -hazare 10. 2 decided, ascertained. 3 pure.

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"keval nam dio gurmatu."-gau m 5. 4 n a village seven kohs south ofDamdama. While moving from Damdama to the south, the tenth Guru first stayed here. It is four miles to the nOlth east ofKalanwali railway station in tehsil and police station Rouri in district Hisar. Outside the village to the south, there is a gurdwara of the tenth Guru. A legally constituted committee manages the gurdwara. With this gurdwara, forty bighas of land is attached. i,t~ [kevra] Skt ~ n It is from the pandanus family. It has white colour and its flower is bigger than screw pine. Its essence or scent lS widely used. Many scholars regard pandanus and screw pine as of one and the same thing and not from different families. See cBcft. ~ [kevari] See ~. ~ [kera] n twist, crease. 2 See ~. ~ [kerha] pron who, which one. ~ [kE] pron how many, many. "kE loa khapI marijai."-var mala m 1. 2 from whom. "hau kE dan puchau jae?"-sri m 3. "kE SIU kari pukar."-dhana m 3. 3 part or. "brte ki mItI karta jaI).E, kE ja1).E guru sura."-oakar. "kE sagatI bn sadhu ki kE han ke gU1). gaI."-s kabir. 4 of. "pahIle pahuE rEl).I kE val).jana mItra." -sri m 1 palure. 5 having done. "kE pradakkhna kari pral).am."-GPS. "prabhu thabh te nIkse kE bIsthar."-basat kabir. 6 from. "mad maIa kE adh."-sri m 9. "gurmatI sat I kar jonI kE ajonI bhae."- BGK. 7 See C!!Jf. el' [kE'] pron where. "tudhu no choc;l I jaiE prabhu kE dhan?"-asa m 5. 'where should we go?' fu:r [kES] adv what sort of, how, why. "bho su kEs paiE?" -akal. '&ir [kES] n brawl. conflict. ~ [kEsar] A ~ n emperor, Caesar. 2 emperor of Rome. Many scholars hold that in the Roman language kEsar is the name of one who takes birth after his mother's death. Augustus the emperor of Rome, had such a birth. Hence his name became kEsar; since then this word came to be used for a king or an emperor. ~ [kEsal, ~ [kESIk], fu:ft [kEsi], fu't [kEse], m=t [kEso] adv what sort of, ofwhat kind. "kEse hangUl). gavE?"-vaQ a m 3. 'what type.' 2 kEsi has also been used to mean jEsi. "chapa kar kEsi chabI kalfdi ke kul ke."-akal. ~ [krhbat] See ~. ~Q [kEhar] See q{JQ. clur [kEha], ~ [kEha] n bronze. "ujalu kEha cIlak1).a."-suhi m 1. "kEha kacan tUtE sar." -var majh mI. elm [kEhi] pron of anybody, of somebody. "hIaU na kEhi thahI."-s farid. 'Do not break anybody's heart.' b [kEk] pron several. "d In kEk gae."-prrthu. ~ [kEkayi], fuh!t [kEkei], ~ [kEkeyi] See
~.

~ [kEkE] because of. 2 This word has also

-m

been used for -&wit. "ji t juddh dVE bar be kEk."-carrtr 102. 'Kaikayi got two boons from Dashrath.' ~ [kEkhusrol ,;{ emperor of Iran, who was the third ruler from the Kiani family. He was son of Sayabash and grandson ofKaikaus. He is counted among religious kings. His name has occurred in the eighth hakayat. ~ [kEci] T Jf Skt cB'o1 n scissors. [krtabh] Skt n glowworm. 2 brother of Madhudait. There is a story in Mahabharat and Ramayan that when Vishnu was sleeping in water, two demons took birth from his ears (from the dirt of the ear); one was Kaitabh, and the other was Madhu. They saw Brahma on the lotus flower and got ready to kill him. Brahma worshipped Vishnu, so Vishnu killed

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both in the battle. In the first Chandicharitar ofDasam Granth, there is a translation ofthis very story. "$hrutm1 te dEt rdce jug ita.... madhu kEtabh nam bhae tIn ke... juddh bryo tIn s6 bhagv;-}t, na mar sakE atI dEt bali hE, sal bhae tIn p;-}c hdjar, duhu larte nalu bah tdli hE, dEtan rijh kahyo-"varmag" kuhyo hdn:-"sis~m dehu", bhali hE, dhar um par cakr 56 ka tkE, jotI IE apne ;'lg mdli hE." It is written in the 52 th chapter ofHarivansh that Brahma made two toys of mud, and when he put life into them, they became Madhy and Kaitabh demons. See Hg". ~<-"5'Ifu' [kEtbharI] Vishnu, who was the enemy of Kaitabh demon. See 2. it"Qli5" [kEthal] a hill state in district Shimla. Kayonthal. ~ [kEthe], ~ [kEthE] Bg adv where. "baharI kEthe jaIo7"-g;,)U m 5. "deh nd hoh tdU mdI)U kEthE rel1Ita7"~sIdhgosdtI. 2 pron who. "bIn bhII)e kEthE paIo re."~toc.li ill 5. &'W [krqa] n measure. 2 mould, structure. 3 Po pron whose. ~ [kEtav] Skt n deceit. 2 gamble. 3 thornapple. 4 greenery. 5 adj gambler. 6 cheat. ~~ [kEtvapdnhutI] See J?11.1"\ifu (b). &'a- [k~thJ Skt c.xftfB' n wild pear~ See c.xftfB'. 2 See cxrfuEr. ~ [kEthdl] main city of a tehsil of district Kamal, situated in Kurukshetar area, 19 kohs west of Kamal. This city was founded by Yudhishtir. Because of the temple of Hanuman's mother AI1jina, here, it was named Kapisthal. Bhai Gurubaksh Singh's son Bhai Desu Singh of Bhagtu dynasty occupied the area in 1767 and made Kaithal his capital. His

son Lal Singh and grandson Bhai Uday Singh ruled over it welL The poet laureate ofthe court, Bhai Santokh Singh, while living in this city, wrote Guru iPratapsuray etc. Bhai Uday Singh had no child, so after his death on 15 th March, 1843, this state was annexed into the English dominion. I There are two gurdwaras of the ninth Guru in Kaithal-- one in Thandhar Tirathpur and the other in the city itself. Ten bighas of land is attached to the outer gurdwara. A mangosa tree, since the time of the Guru, stands at this place, the leaves of which were given by the Guru to a sick man who recovered from his illness. The outer gurdwara gets rupees one hundred from the Patiaia state and forty seven rupees from the J ind state annually. One hundred bighas of land was donated by Bh3i Uday Singh. See 9ilT;f "9rcl. ~ [kEd] A.;} n imprisonment, confinement. ~ [kEda] See ,~. :2 pron of somebody. "nahI mE tras dhare' rIpU kEda."~GPs. ~[krda] would say. 2 See~2 of somebody. ~ [kEda] adv how. ~ [kEdi] A Ji) adj who is a prisoner. &'LRr [kEdharL -&l~ifu [krdharI] where, in which direction . "tudhu no choqI jaiE prabhu kEdhdrI'?"-asa m 5. iitr [kEdh6], air [kEdh5] part as if. ihrfu [kE:paJu] to whom. "dUSdr kEpdhI javdu7" -asa ill 5. 2 from whom. "kEpdhI dikhIa leva 7"-suhi ill 1. ihr [kEf] A .....R;( n strong liquor. "kEph k;-}cni me dhan khovt."-(3PS. 2 intoxication. "posat bhag dphim m;-}gay pIyo sdbh $ok VIda karqaryo.
'The territory occupied by Bhai Sukha Singh, the younger brother of Bhai Desu Singh. was not confiscated. Successors ofSukha Singh have two chiefships ofArnoli and Sudhuval in dllsitricl Kamal.

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matt hVE caroi kEphan so sut fdr ke SIU Im bEn ucaryo,"-krIs;:m. 3 adv how. afuw [kEphIya], [kEphi] adj drunk. "raj kEphIye kamavE."-cantr 245. "Ikk p~thal). kEphi ne mEnU dhakka deke sutghattIa". -JSBM. ~ [kEphiyat] A..:;.J! n description, detail. [kEbar] n an arrow. "tuppak tarak. kEbar karak."-VN. IDRft [kEinri] wild fig. L Ficus Venosa: Skt 1.IOfcT ~fucr ?MTtif [kEmuttIk nayay] See (')jjlljf. -a-a- [kEf] n wild caper. ~ [kErau] n Kaurav. from the Kuru dynasty. "meri meri kErau karte duryodhan se bhai." -dh;:ma namdev. ~ [kErav] Ski n blue lotus. "sadhan kErav ko bIgsavat."-NP. 2 enemy. 3 gambler. 4 Kaurav, descendant of Kuru. "kErav ral). ghae."-paras. ~ [kEro], mr' [kEf0] Kaurav; from the Kuru lineage. "kEro kurukhetr mare prachaq."-gyan. b [kEl] See ~ 4. 2 See ~. 3 new sprout, tender shoot. ~W [kEla] Skt fu"c;ru n horse with deep red colour. bTff [kElas] Skt n Shining like a crystal on water is a beautiful mountain to the west of Tibet and north of Mansarovar, which the Chinese call kIyunlan. Per Purans, this mountain is the abode of Shiv and Kuber. Thousands of visitors from Tibet, China and India come here and go around it. 2 prince. See qo't (h). ~ [kElakhar] old name of a doon (valley), in Tehri state, between Ganga and J amuna rivers. "gag jamun bhitar baSE kelakhar ki dun."-carItr 25. ~ [kEli] Skt'Ci!i1.rw a cow with black teats. In Simritis, the best Kapila is described as one whose hair is brown and teats are black. "brahmal). kEli ghatu kaJ1ka al).cari ka dhanu,

mrr

pahI ete jahI visan nanka Iku namu."-sava m 3. 'The murder of some one spiritually enlightened, a cow, and a maiden, and seizure of a cheat's food (for retaining or eating) are sins. Such sins befall a person who forgets the name of the Creator. To forget the Creator's name is most sinful.' ~ [kEIe] a village in police station Raikot, district and tehsil Ludhiana. A gurdwara of Guru Hargobind is situated here. Only the maji is there; no other structure exists. It is about 10 miles away from the railway station Mullanpur. ~ [kEval], ~ [kEvaly] Skt ~ n oneness, meaning unity with the Creator; supreme spiritual state. "kEvalda ucre subh bEna."-NP, 2 purity, pristine state. ~ [ko]pron who. "gurmatI ram kahI ko ko na bEkuth gae."-toeji namdev. 2 anyone. "han bInu tere ko na sahai."-sar m 9. "bhulal). adan sabhuko."-sri am 1. 3 particle of accusative and dative case. of. "ram ko bal puran bhai." -gau m 5. 4 P / short for fu'-", that he. ~ [kou], iffi' [kou] pron any. "kou sughar na kou mura."-b;:wan. ~fT [koa] n eye's edge, corner of the eye. 2 sugarcane's eye, from where it sprouts. ~ [ko-aQ] n bow. See~, "hath hassE kass ko-aqa."-ramav. ~ [kou-aqaj] Skt~: arrow, which flies from the bow.-sanama. ~ [ko-aqaj dami] arrow shot with a bow; the army showering arrows-sanama. ~ [ko-aqni] bow-wielding army-s;mama. ~ [kOI] pron anyone. "kOI na kIS-hi jeha." -maru solhe m 3. ~ [koII] n Indian cuckoo. "kali kOII tu btu gum kali."-suhi [arid. 2 In Gurbani, this word is used for a devotee seeking spiritual realisation. 3 a city in U.P. which is now known by the name of Aligarh."koII ko uh garha

mrrr

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kahaVE."-PPP. 4 See~. ~ [koIla] or c5rw [kola] Skt CfiI(1I:S~JII;C n burnt out charcoal, coal l See E Coal. "koIle pap pare tIS uparI man jalIa."-maru m 1. 2 pron anybody, somebody, "mukatI na janE kOIla."-mala namdev. 3 See itfuw. ih!t [koi] pron someone, one. "koi bolE ram ram koi khuda I."-ram m 5. aelare [koikoI] pron few, some, rare. "kotI madhe janu paiE bhai VITIa koikoI."-sor m 5. ~ [koe] plural ofW1r'. 2 pron anyone, anybody. "gUT bInu avaru na jaDE koe."-an<"Jdu. clFr [kosI Skt ~F.f n koh, a measure of distance. Initially distance (length) of a kos was determined by the bellowing ofa cow meaning the distance where the bellowing of the cow could be heard. People in their own lands determined this distance of kos in their own way. The kos of the southern people is much longer than that of the Punjabis. As per old measurement, a kos consisted of 4000 yards or 8000 cubits. The present kos is different for different areas. 2 "jIh marag ke g;:me jahI na kosa."-sukhmanI. See ThRf3T. 2 Skt -&F.f covering, cover. 3 box. 4 sheath, scabbard. S treasure. 6 dictionary. 7 egg. 8 vulva, vagina. 9 flower's soft bud having sweet sprouts. '''kamal vIkhEjImkosvITajE."-NP.10Vedant recognises five Cocoons, whiich like a quilt cover the soul. (a) a body born from grain and living on
I

Heavier the coal more the heat it has. The heat of hard coke is many times more than that of soft coke made from wood. Expert geologists say that in olden times vast forests got buried under the earth and by taking several elements from the earth this wood has hardened likc stone. Now the world is drawing huge benef1t from coal mines.

2In ancient books a koh is also shown of 4045 and 4558 yards respectively.

grain is called :3inmay kO$. (b) intelligence supported by five organs is called pranma)' kO$. (c) five sense organs and mind comprise manomay kO$. (d) wisdom iincluding five sense organs is vIgIanmay ko~:. (e) a pure di.stinctive soul has a covering named anildmay kO$. kO$ can be pronounced "&H [kosI too. 11 P 1.1/ a large kettledrum. 12 P J/ adj attempting. See ~. "&'RG [kosat], al'1O' [kosath] chamber. See ~. "bhojan ko kosat bhrayo bhat bhat kar."-GPS. ~ [kosr:la] v Skt 9~1 curse, reprimand. ~ [kostabh] See m::r~. [kosna] See itlw. [ko$ap], itl:lfl..rf3" [ko~:patI], ~[ko$pal] n treasurer. "kos2Ip hOI ~;ah ko jEse."-NP. cUr6' [kosro] just a koh; only a koh. "ek kosro sIdhI k;~rat lalu tab catUT patro a IO."-sor m 5. 'When just a leah of distance was covered towards the dearest, then the messenger came and met i.e. the Guru appeared on the scene.' ~ [kosa1] Skt -&m?' n land between Ghagra and Saryu rivers, the main city of that region being Ayodhya; a subcaste of Kshatris. [kosa] Skt cf,twT adj luke warm. 2 P 1::-1 he who attempts., af.PQ:I1il [ko$adhyak$] treasurer. See amr. ~ [kosal] See FI'C'S'. -afF.rf.r [kO$I~;] P ~1 n attempt, endeavour. ~ [kosid] See gFftt. 2 Dg lethargy, laziness. ~ [ko;;idanJI P (:J~1 v attempt. ~ [ko$th] n room. 2 stomach, abdomen. ~ [kohl See '~1=r 1. "koh karori calat I1d ;}t." -vaT asa. :2 anger, indignation, resentment. 3 P J hill, mountain. ~ [kohkaf] P ._Hio/ Caucasus. Skt ~~q n an imaginary mountain that surrounds the entire world. See o[TG 1 and 2.

arror mn.r

-aw

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~ [kohtur] a mountain named Tur. See~.

~ [kohnur] P .J}J a famous jewel, regarded

chftw [kohila] masculine of <gill. See <gill. cia' [kok] Skt n red-legged partridge. "arI kok

as the mountain of light. It is said that it was kul :;;okvat."-$ekhar. 2 wolf. 3 date tree. first with Karan and Arjun and then remained 4 frog. 5 Vishnu. 6 a Pandit who composed with Vikramaditya, but of this there is no Kamshastar; the famous book "Kok", a sexual historical proof. One legend is that this jewel treatise is a part of this Shastar. "kahU kok was first presented to Shahjahan in 1628 by kavy J puran ko parhat mat."-akal. See~. Mirjumla l , (a minister ofAbdulla Kutubshah ~[kokan] wildjujube fruit. king of Golkanda). In January of 1739 AD ~ [koknad] Skt n red lotus. "jIm dal during the plunder of Delhi it was seized by kokmda dutI pavE."-NP. Nadirshah who gave it the name of Kohnoor. ~ [koknar] P .Jl;J"/ n poppy pod. On 8th June 1747 AD this jewel passed into C(Claea [kokbadar], ~ [kokbadri] a coastal territory named Konkan, along the western the hands of Ahmadshah Durrani from ghats of Bombay, called 'kokan'. The residents Shahrukh Muza, the grandson of Nadirshah. ofKokbandar are kokbadri. "bhajE habsi halbi On 1st June 1813 AD it was acquired by kokbadri." -kalki. Maharaja Ranjit Singh from Shahshuja, king of Kabul. On 30th March 1849 AD after the ~creH [kobram] See cgcreH. "kaha brClm kokaram hE?"-akal. annexation of Punjab, Lord Dalhousie took possession of this jewel from the treasury of cia'l? [kobl] See ~. the minor Duleep Singh on 7 th December and ~[kokar] n stone of a dried fruit. "huti kokra on 6th April 1850, it was sent to Queen Victoria pilu keri."-CPS. of England through Colonel Mackson on a ship ~ [koka] n small nail. 2 T .1'/ midwife's son, maid's son. "pat:;;ah da koka rehfda si." named Medea, to reach the Queen on 3 rd July. Its previous weight was 319 rattis, after cutting, -JSBM. it has come now down to 102 rattis. The British cm:m [kohl], ~fu'w [kohla] Skt n cuckoo. "kokIl hova abI basa."-gaum 1. 2 The name jewellers have estimated its worth at thirty lac of raja Rasalu's wife was also Kokila. 3 At pounds. it<:ra" [kohClr] n frost, mist. 2 bloom of mango- one place, kokIl has been used for a raven "kohl kak jaha hlkarahf."-carItr 405. tree, etc. 3 red gourd; a fruit that becomes 4 green coloured small hill-bird. very red on ripening. "janu phal kohar lal udar." -Cps. chf [kokh], '&fu [kokhI] Skt gfu- n womb. See gfu-. ~ [kohli] a farming subcaste of Shahpur C(i1facl 'a [kocbIhar] See ~i1r~j(Jld. district. 2 a Khatri subcaste that relates to cha" [kochClr], ~ [kochar] lap, hip. See~. Khukhrains. "gurmukh ramu kohli."-BG. "snicad nIj kochClr payo."-NP. 2 a subcaste ofKhatris. a-m[kohiJ, ~[kohia] adjwrathful. 2 hillman, ~ [kojha] adj ugly. he, who lives on hills. ~ [kot] Skt n fort, castle. "kot m ot na kos ~ [kohia] P U"::i/ plural offuft. hill folk. nCl."-savEye sri mukllVak m 5. 2 city wall; 'Babar writes that this jewel was acquired by Hamayun fortification. 3 king's temple. 4 Skt m'c one in Agra in 1526 AD. from the family of a Hindu king of crore, ten million. "kaCCln ke kot datu kari."-sri Gawalior who was assisting Ibrahim Lodhi.

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ofthe castle. 2 guard ofthe citywall. 3 incharge am 1. 'measureless gold to be given in charity.' 5 endless, countless, infinite. "kotan me nanak ofa police station.. ~B"Ff" [kotpacasa] Scholars of Sanskrit have kou."-s m 9. 6 an English dress; coat. estimated that the measure of the ~ [kotsamhir] a village in Patiala state, circumference ofthe eaIth is 500 million yojans. district Bamala tehsil and police station Bhatinda, adjoining which is a gurdwara ofGuru "prIthvi jojan kotpacasa, 10k caturdas pur prakasa."-saloh. "te taskar jo nam na levahI Gobind Singh. There is another small gurdwara, with a cluster oftrees in 63 ghumaons ofland vasahI kotpacasa."-prabha m 1. ~ [kotbhai] a wellknown village in tehsil attached, donated by Patiala state. A three mile unpaved road goes in the south-west to Muktsar, district Ferozepur. Bhai Bhagtu lived here. There are two gurdwaras of the tenth Katarsinghwala railway station. Guru in this village: ~ [kotkpura] a town inhabited by Kapoor Singh Brar in Faridkot state, which is now a (1) The Guru came to the house of Bania devotees in ordelr to have meals. After getting railway station. The tenth Guru stayed here baptised, the Baniias turnedl Singhs, and the Guru for some time and then went to Muktsar. There are two gurdwaras at this place: one is in the named them Rangi Singh and Ghumi Singh. They middle of an unbricked pond. 126 ghumaons served the Guru lavishly. There is a gurdwara of land donated by the state is attached to it. with which 50 ghumaons of land has been attached since the Sikh Raj. The priest is a The second is situated to the south ofthe town, and is known as "guruQhab" Here Guru baptised Singh. (2) At a short distance the second gurdwara Gobind Singh tied his turban after ablution. is to the south of the village. When the Guru aeM"l'al [kotkalyaI:ti] See ~. aeidld [kotkagar] paper fort, castle built by came from Guptsar, he stayed here. This using paper as in Ramlila etc. "kotkagar bInas gurdwara was constructed in Sammat 1978. bar na jhuthIa."-jetcMtm 5. 'It does not take Here also, the priest is a baptised Singh. long to demolish a paper fort.' It is five miles to the north from Giddarbaha clG ~ [kot kagra] fort of Kangra. 2 Kangra railway station. The approach-road is town, also known as Nagarkot. unmetalled. aeaiad [kotkotatar] in millions; innumerable, ckfi.fai::rr R'"i") [kotmIrja jan] a village situated in crores. 2 &fc-&fc-l'3o. "kotkotatar ke pap between Vatala and Kalanaur. At this place bInasan."-sar a m 3. 'which absolves sins of Banda Bahadur began constructing a fortress innumerable births.' of unbaked! briclks, Ibut before it could be ~ [kotguru] See Q)g~ 2. completed, the Mughal army launched an ~ [kotdvar] entrance ofa castle. 2 entrance attack. Banda Bahadur left it and occupied a through the citywall. 3 a town in district Pauri fortress at Gurdaspur.. See ~ ~ ~. of Garhwal. Here is a place related to Guru ~ [kotar] Skt n cavity in a tree. 2 jungle Nanak, known as Charanpaduka. surrounding a fort, which served as a defence for the fort. 3 Dg small underground receptacle ~ [kotdharmu] See ~. ~.ffi1W [kotpacasa] See '&c<JB"Ff". for holding grains. ~ [kotpal] Skt n guard at the fort; protector ck'w [kotla] a vililage situated at a distance of

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two kohs to the east of Ropar. Here two Pathans served the tenth Guru with full devotion. The Guru bestowed upon them a dagger and a shield. There are two sacred places relating to the Guru here. One is inside while the other is outside the town. 2 See 'HMda<::M'. ~<::M'f('iJ'dl [kotlamhag] See !36'A'fiJ8. ~ [kotlibagha] This village of tehsil and district Gujranwala falls under police station Mande. There is a small gurdwara of Guru Hargobind. The Guru sat under a peepal tree which still stands there. The place where the Guru sat is called "thara sahrbOO. A small pacca house is located closeby where Guru Granth Sahib is installed. A Namdhari Sikh is its priest. The village has donated 16 ghumaons ofland to this gurdwara. A fair is held on 14th Chet. Eminabad railway station is 10 miles east ofthis gurdwara. During the rainy season this road becomes unserviceable. ifG~~ [kotlehria] a subcaste of Rajputs. The hilly state of Kotlehar derives its name from this subcaste. See ~ tr"O. ~ [kotv;:lria], ~ [kotvar] See ~ 3. "vrer m;:ln kotv;:lria."-suhi m 5 pd{tal. '\lb bha k;:lrE kotvar?"-maru m 5. Here ~ [kotva1] means Dharamraj. ~ [kotvari] n function of a ~ [kotval]. "pap kdre kotvari." ~basat a m J. ~ [kotval], ~~ [kotvalu] See ~ and ~. "kotva1u sukrasui."-mala namdev. See
1j00drfH<:J1.

'cror.es of speakers have reiterated with crores of arguments.' See cmr. 3 corner of a bow. See O<"it. 4 sharp edge of a weapon. 0l1<::9Gaa [kotrkutat;:lr], afdiad [kotrkotat;:lr] See 0(<::0(<::3d. "kotrkutdtdr ke pap hdn khoVE.' -bua m 4. o!f<::a9aa [kotrtirath] crores of places of pilgrimage. 2 a pond of Gokaran. 3 a pilgrimage centre in Mathura. 4 a pilgrimage centre in Kurukshetar. 5 a tank near the temple of Mahakal in Ujjain. "kotr tir;:lth mdjj::m rS11a11a rs k;:llr md1u mEl bhdrijE."-suhi m 5. 0( fd31A [kotrtetis] thirty-three crore deities. "kotr tetisa khoj;:lhr tak;:lu."-majh am 5. See
..... ..., n _ , ..

kotI."~japu.

331Aaf2.

ikr [kota] plural ofkotI. "udh;:lrdhr s;:lg1e kota."

-sor m 5. 2 a state in Rajputana whose principal town Kotah is now ajunction ofBB & CI railway. 3 salted mixture of roasted pith of melon seeds with powdered betel nut, consumed by the affluent persons after meals. 'O<fu [kotr] Skt n ten million, one crore. "bi kotr pr;:lbh kclU khojate."-suklulldlli. See Jfcrw. 2 initial part of an argument. "bthi koti kotr

'O<fc 3. "gdhr koti d;:le e;:l1arkE. ral). kali gussa kharkE."-caQi 3. 'caught demons with the help of the corner of a bowstring and shot them off.' See me:- 2. ~ [kotatcw] See adi3d. [koth] chamber. See~. "kajarkoth mahr bhai 11a kari."-asa m 5. kajarkoth, a chamber of collyrium, refers to household affairs and trade etc. chmr [kothra], '&om [kothri], Q(-6d1nfr [kothria], Q(o;ft [kothriJ big room, small room, chamber. "kothre mdhr kothri pardm kothi biear."-ram kabir. 'conscience in the form ofa small room within a big room and spiritual knowledge in the form of a still smaller room'. ~ [kotha] See ~1!. "kothe maqdp maria." --var asa. 2 multiplication table of a number, written in one column. "dhSee pU11 uthe jord11 kothe gramkar pdtvar."-NP '&or 'Jll'fua' [kotha sahrb] a memorial of Guru Nanak Dev in village Uddeke situated 5 kohs to the south ofBatala in district Gurdaspur. Guru Nanak Dev visited this place on his way to

~ [koti] corner of a string-bow. See

ao

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th

889

Batala. A fair is held here on the 10 of ~dradhs. 2 See ~. 3 See it5r ~ OfT. 4 See ~. ~ Q@ OfT [kotha gun; ka] a village of Malwa, situated in tehsil and police station Bhatinda of nazamat Barnala in Patiala state. It is situated at a distance of 14 miles from laito railway station and is 15 miles away from Bhuccho. This village was founded by Prithi Chand in Sammat 1653. Sodhi Kaul Sahib provided great prosperity and hustle and bustle to this village. It is said that Sulhi died in the same village when he fell into a burning brickkiln. This brickkiln was located at a distance of one mile to the east of this village. Guru ka Kotha is a possession and Jagir of the Sodhis, who are descendants of PI'ithi Chand. 2 a gurdwara or the sixth Guru at Wazirabad. See ~ OfT '&or. ~ ~ (kotha mdluka] a village in Malwa situated at a distance of five kohs to the east of laito. It is at this place that a guard of the tenth Guru forbade an insane person from entering the Guru's camp. The guard heat him up so severely when he insisted on entering that he died at the spot. itoral [kothari] See ~. "jIO kanko kothari CdfIo."-sar ill 5. 2 See ~. clzft (kothi] small room. 2 bungalow ofthe British style. 3 trading house, where bills ofexchange are traded. 4 part of a gun, close to the match of the gun, which is filled with gunpowder. It was part of old guns which were filled through the muzzles. "gdj mkal c;laldt bIC kdbr. kothi kItak h:mi L:'lkh tdbr. "-CPS. 5 physique. ";'Jdhi kothi tera namu nahi."-asa ill 1. ~ [koc;l] n inclination, bend, curve. 2 one crore. "koc;l dn;'Jdu."-)apu. "kJtak koc;l tamaSIa."-var jEt. 3 See~. cifw [koc;laJ ad) bent forward. ~ [koc;lI] S adv joyfully; with pleasure. ~ [ko!).] Skt n edge, corner. 2 angle. See fuw.

3 stringed bow of a sar;'Jgi. 4 sharpness of a weapon such as a sword etc. 5 drumstick. ~ [kotar] short for Ikottar; one more than any number i.e., kotdr SJ. ~ [kotri] See tlrc5~T. ita?? [kotal] T J/ horse for the rich to ride. 2 decorated but riderless horse, that leads the retinue of rich persons. 3 Skt fast, clever horse. ~ [kotval] Skt ~~). 2 an official, incharge ofthe city's defence. 3 during the Mughal regime, a kotwal also used Ito be ajudicial magistrate. cEr [kota], cBru[kotah] P ~~/ or ; / adf small, inferior. 2 less, deficient. ~ [kotahi] P Lfil';/ n shortage, deficiency. ~ [kothri], mrnt [kothli] S~, M ~ n sac, pouch, purse. "ramratanu mukhu kothri pardkhu age kholT."--s kdbir. 2 small pouch in which the Hindus tell their beads. &e' [kod] Pkt n direction. "je jf: ~dbdd bdddt CdhCJ kod."-NP. ~ [kodau] Skti):i2'R: or~~~n paspalum scrobi culatum; a kind of small millet, whose grains are pulverised and the flour so produced is used for making chapattis by the poor. "kodau ko bhus khai he," -gu} kabir. ~ [koddk] Skt ~1~'a n ehi!ld fond of playing. P J.y/ "jabahI bIIokyo ~tar kodak."-NP ~ [kodra], ~fe'r [koda], (~ [kodo] See ~. ~ (kodac.iJ Sktc~1C;Us n that vv'hieh produces squeaking sound, while an arrow is shot. i.e. string of a bow. 2 especially a string bow made of bamboo having nine nodes. ~ [kodr;w], -&qr [kodha], a-qr [kodhra] See ~. "h5s uQar krodhe paIa."-s farid. ~ [kodlm:] in the millet field, to the millet field. See ~ and WI'. ~ [kon], ~ [lwnaJ See ~~. "kone bethe khaie pargat hOI nIdan."--s kabir. 2 none, nobody. ~ [kone] plural of-&-(j1 [konaJ. 2 in the corner.
See~.

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ihr [kop] Skt n wrath, anger. "kop jaria."-kan

m5. ~ [kopar] Pkt a large platter with a handle attached. "kopar kandk kalas bahu thara."-GV 6. 2 bud, sprout. 3 Skt atfu skull, cranium. "kopar cur cavaDi latthI kdr;'iglE."-c~Qi 3. 'After crushing the skull and the face, the sword reached the skeleton.' ihRft [kopri] skull. See ~ 3. ~ [kopal] See ~ 2. -a-fu [kOpI] pron anyone. 2 See iNto cffi.rlW [kopIa] adj enraged, angered. iffia [kOpIt] adj enraged, furious. c{fuw [kopIla] enraged. "mujh upan sabh kopIla."-mdla namdev. 2 angered. a-tit [kopi] See -a-fu. 2 adj choleric, wrathful. ~ [kopin] See gtfto and ~. ~ [kopu] See chr. See '6t.J. [kofat] P ":;;'/ n percussion, stroke; injury. 2 fatigue. 3 inlaying of silver or gold on iron. [kofdtgar] P /..:;;,/ one who inlays silver or gold on baser metals. chso [koftan] P beat, strike. ~ [kofta] P ;:;/ adj beaten. 2 n round ball of mincemeat. c{li [kob] P '-;"'/ beat; infinitive of koftan. 2 When suffixed to another word, it means one who beats: sarkob i.e. one who hits on the head. ~ [kobad] P ;,/ may beat, beats, will beat. ." cffire" [kobId] See ~. 'IDf [kom] A (] n people ofthe same nationality; nation. "koman SUI koma."-guj d m 5. IDret [komdi] See ~. IDRr [komar] See ~ and Wffi. ~}ffi' [komal] Skt adj tender, delicate. sans hardness. "komal baI).i sabh bu S;'itOkhE."-gdU thItim 5. Poets consider the following as tender:mind of the ascetic, love, flower, butter, silk. 2 beautiful, fascinating. 3 water. 4 according to

m mora-

ti'r

music a flat note. rI1?dbh, giidhar, dhEvat and nI1?ad are all flat notes. ~[komlta] n tenderness, delicacy. 2 beauty. ~ [komal b;'idhan] n sensuous bonds. komalb5dhan biidhIa."-ram m 5 rutI. 2 bond of attachment. [koy] See -&re. ~ [koyal] See ~. ~ [koya] See Ww. ~ [kor] n edge, border, hem. 2 corner of the eye. 3 crore. "nahi rahIt bIdhI kor.-GV 10. "lakh lakh kai korE."-kan m 5.4 M persistence, obstinacy. 5 defect. "tau tanI kai kor."-s farid. 6 enmity. 7 row, line. 8 P .J blind, sightless. 9 unproductive or barren land. 10 in the irrigational parlance, the field not irrigated after sowing. 11 short for ~ "sastr;'i chor, dE dE kor."-ramav. 12 adj without water. "ayo kor mu<;laI."-CdrItr 376. 'got his hair cut (without the application of water). , 13 new, unused. "ek <;lhol trIy kor m5gava."-CdrItr 355. 14 S stone of a fruit, especially of a mango. ~ [korak] Skt n bud. 2 See <ffi:ra". ~Qtit [karci] T J:J] manufacturer of arms. 2 armed; equipped with arms. 3 one who manages the court of a king; chamberlain. ~ [kort] General Court. He accompanied Avitabile to Lahore and served under Maharaja Ranjit Singh. His cantonment was at Begampura. He was a well read man. In 1841 AD, during the struggle for power at the court, he left his job at Lahore. 2 E court. 3 court of a king. 4 court room, court of law. ~ [kornIs] See ~. ~ [karma] See~. 2 T ,.-.J] n meat cooked in ghee (butter). ila;r [kordf] n hard grain, grain difficult to render soft by boiling. "koraf moth jIneha."-var ram 2 m 5. "kordf moth nd njhdi kdr agni jos." -BG. 2 S natural grown plants from seeds

aur

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fallen from a tree. ~ [kor;}ra] lash, whip. 2 a metre, also known as "anad" characterised by four lines, each having thirteen characters,first pause at the sixth, the second at the next seventh, the last two characters being l;}ghu guru. With r;}g;}D, 151, in the final position, its rhythm becomes very charming. Example: S;}tIgUru kClhyo, suno vir khalsa, tyagdehu mClno, v;}QIai lalsa; hOI nI~kam, kClra seva de~ ki, cahat ho knpa, y;}dI j;}gte:;; ki. Its variant is pyar chad. See ~. ~ [korru] See~. ~ [kora] adj unwashed cloth, of which the starch has not been removed. "nan;}k pahE bahra korE ragu na sOI."-var asa. 2 a person unaffected by education or preaching. "manmukh mugCldhu nClru kora hOI."-suhi m 4. 3 unused or new vessel in which water etc. has not been put. See chIT. 4 unaccommodating; rude. 5 n frost, hoar. [kon] n crore. "sIdh sadhClk tetis kon." -sdvEye sri mukhvak m 5. afacr [konk] one crare. See ~. ~ [kori] feminine of c5tor [kora]. "nIt uthI kori gagClr an."-brla kdbir. 2 n Hindu weaver. "kori ko kahu mdr;}mU nCl jana."-asa kdbir.' 3 See -&m 4.4 P (j.J blindness, sense of being blind. chr [kol) adv near, close by. 2 Skt n pig. "masCll bClli kol dIkhrae."~GPS. 3 a savage tribe which is especially found in Bhagalpur district. 4 Dg a boat made by tying pitchers under a cot. ~ [kol;}k] Skt n pepper. 2 See ~. ~ [kola] See ~ [kolah;}l] See ~. cffi? [kolI] See chr and ~. ~ [koHl adj living close by, living side by side. "hClrI nIkClt V;}SE h;}n koli."-gdU m 4.2 breeder

are-w.

of pigs. 3 n an agricultural tribe that lives in the mountains. Many people consider them as untouchables. This is one of the oldest communities ofIndia. 4 The weavers in northeastern Punjab are also called ~m [kolil. 5 certain Gujjars ofAmritsar. 6 See~. 7 an ancient territory which is now in BastaI' district of Avadh in u.P. Its king, Suparbuddh, was maternal grandfather of Lord Buddh. Two daughters of Suparbuddh, Mayadevi and Prajapati, were married to Shuddhodan. clw [kolu] n oil press, crusher. "kolu cClrkha CClki cClku."-var asa. ~ [kolue] a Rajput subcaste. The rich from Kullu are of the this subcaste. 4 [kolhu] See ~, ~ [kov:cd] Skt n one who knows how to speak; learned scholar. ~roEee1F.1 [kOVId-i:;;l, c'mreTF.r [kOVIdi:;;l, ~ [koVIde~] chiefofgreat scholars. 2 chiefspeaker. ~ [kovaQ] See ~~. ~<iirn' [kovaIQ;}j] an arrow shot from a bow -Sdnama. ~<iii$H(')1 [kovaQajni] anny equipped with arrows. -Sdnama. ~ [kovaQnil army equipped with bows. -Sdnama. ~ [kor] n crom. "SImClrClhI devte kor tetisa." -maru solhe m 5. 2 Skt pig. "dhJl dhar h;}ryo, kagardi korabhI kClrakYO."-ramav. 'During Ram's battlle Dhaval (the mythological bull which is believed to hold the earth on its horns) got terrified and the back of Varah (an incarnation ofVishnu in the form ofa pig) gave out a crackling sound.' itm-JT [korma] n fam.:ily, clan. "Ik vaki korma vIcari."--BG. iffi:r [kop] n crore. "tin dey ;}ru kop tetIsa." -gujm 5. ~ [kori] n a score, group of twenty. 2 crores

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i.e. innumerable. "nanClk kori nClrClk bClrabre ujaru soi thau."-var jEt. ~ [kor5bhIl pigs too. See ~ 2. q [korhl n ~ See dIFM3<:3/'i. ci:r' [korhal, ~ [korhil adj leper. ~ [bl part of. See ~. "pCldarClth hIt b dun:n."-sar m 1. "bhClgCltI jog k) jetvar." -sClvEye m 5 ke. 2 adv when. See ai. cb1 [bsl See ~. "Ik pClg pClnhi nok bClQ, Ik pClg bs tIkaL"-NP. 'a shoe in one foot and a wooden sandal in the other.' "dhClri nIsani bs di, makke 5dafI puj kClrai."-BG.1 2 Skt silken garment produced from the cocoons of silk worms. 3 one from progeny of Kush. 4 P vi kettledrum made of brass. "dne dne dih
'Bhai Vir Singh has written the following footnote on the 36 th stanza of chapter 59 of the first half of his commentary in Guru Nanak Prakash: The following fact has been verified by Sant Sangat Singh (Kamalie wale) after his visit to 'Ucch': There is a place in Bahawalpur state known as 'Ucch Sharif; Sayyad Jalal Sani Makhdum RuknuddinAbul Fateh belonged to this place. He descended from the family of HazratAli Naqi. Even though he had migrated from Arabia to India, yet he was regarded equal to Mecca's Sharif, whenever he visited the shrine. At the time of Guru Nanak's visit to Mecca Sharif, Makhdum Ruknuddin was also present there. Many Indian hermits such as Laljati etc. were also around. When Mecca moved along wilh the feet of Guru Nanak, all the Muslims asked Makhdum Ruknuddin to lead them in religious discourse with Guru Nanak. It is he who is mentioned as Ruknal in Janamsakhis. Fully content wilh Guru Nanak's replies to his queslions, he on his return to India brought Kaus (wooden sandals) alongwith him. These wooden sandals are still preserved in the toshakhana (storeroom where precious articles are kept) ofUcch Sharif. Many a time, several rich Sikhs have tried to procure them in exchange for a large amount of money and land but Pir Sahib has declined to part with these sacred objects.

dhJsra, bs jujhJa dE re."-sClloh. 5 A v} bow. imor [bsakl See ~. ~[bstClkl Some ignorant scribe has written bstak instead of bstubh. "hIye bstak mClnI dhare."-Cdr.Itr 24 and 123. See ~Fl"g"f. ~ [bstubhl Skt ~ n a gem retrieved from the sea, which Vishnu, the god, wears around his neck. ~ [b$Clll Skt n well-being, cleverness, wisdom. 2 ad) relating to Kaushal land. 3 n queen of Kaushal, Kaushalya. "kahI ko bsal kukkhI jayo jU."-sClvEye 33. 4 of Koshal subcaste. ii'J:n;r [k5sal] E council n advice. 2 council. ~ [bsaha] See ~. chlfi;m[bshsJ, ~[bsle$] people ofKaushal; their king Ram Chandar. "jos vaQo kar bshs5 adhbimlu te sar katutare."-ramav. ~ [b$alya] daughter of Kaushalland and its King; mother of Ram Chandar, the chief queen of king Dashrath. 2 wife of Chandarvanshi king Puru. cifi:rq [b$Ik] Gadhi - son of raja Kaushak, who was Vishvamitar's father. 2 Kaushak dynasty's Vishvamitar, 3 Indar. 4 owl. 5 silken garment. 6 mongoose. 7 treasurer, who guards the treasure. 8 recitation of a mantar of Atharved. 9 per Mahabharat a Brahman leper who had a pious wife named Narmada. 2 See~. clfaoIT [b$Iki] See tr'i83i~ cit R 0091". ~ [bkb5dar] See ~. clqr [bka] See ~.
'Once Narmada was carrying her husband on her head. On the way, her foot struck saint Mandavya, who was then hanging on a stake for being a thief. At this, saint Mandavya cursed the person who had troubled him to die at daybreak. By virtue of her chastity, Narmada stopped the sun from rising. On request from the gods and on persuasion fi'om Ansuya, Narmada let the sun rise. Kaushik, who was dead because of a curse, was blessed with life by Ansuya.

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ihr[be] armour, coat of maiL See~. "be<m iii:r [k5dh] Skt qci~cr sun. 2 lightning. ko jhatdE btdet."-GPS. 2 according to cii::ro [k5dhan]1 v flash. See ih:r. "jrm k5dhdt sava!) brjju ghata.-surdj. Tantarshastar, a song of protection. "tumi be ii'fta [k5dhJ:t] ad) flashing. See ih:r. "k5dhrt vaktrapne te luearyo."-cdrrtr 1. damanI saghan."-pards. atlr~Wi'd [bebrhar] See fa<JT? ~ [bebrdya] n knowledge of wearing ito [km] See c$~' and ~Q. 2 A {j f n world, earth, material existence. armour. 2 knowledge regarding the manufacture of armour. 3 knowledge of defending c5hJlofbpin] belt, girdle, lloincloth. See~. one's body with the power of mantars. iiH [bm] A (~ n community. 2 nation. "bebrdya abhrdya"-gyan. 3 dynasty. iim [bei] adj armoured. "dsr gadi bci bal mr~ [bm bahattar] seventy-two communities gaQhe."-c.::lrItr405. swordsmen, maceholders of Arabia; seventy-two sects of Beni Israel. "kJm bahattdf sag kar."-BG. Hazrat and wearers of armour. ii~ [k)Qa] large cowrie. 2 See cn:I~. 3 a Mohammad united seventy-two communities carnivorous Bhil chiefofNishads who used to of Arabia into Islam and aligned them with himself. SeeI1~'Fn~m', ~ffi. plunder jungles in the south of Vindh. He wanted to catch hold of Bhai Mardana and iiHT\ft [bmaI'i] power of Kumar Kartikey. 2 ever virgin Durga. "kesri abahi bmaI'i." eat him. With his spiritual strength, Guru Nanak Dev transformed Koda's life in such a way -pardS. that he bade goodbye to his barbarity, became iilstft [bmudi] moonlight that makes the blue a saint and spent his remaining life in meditating lotus ecstatic. Blue lotuses bloom a lot in the upon the Creator. moonlight. 2 full moon night ofKattak. 3 a well [bQi] See ~. known grammar work Sidhant Komudi by ii~ [bQiaI'a], "6tiP?-rrw [bQiala], ~~ Bhattojidikshit, based upon Ashatadhyai by the [bQyara] a species of speckled snakes. They renowned grammarian PaDini. 4 Madhyasidhant Komudi by Varadraj Bhatt, written in Sammat are very poisonous. "janu <:;tasgayo nag 1250. 5 Laghu Sidhant Komudi by Varadraj bQyara."-CdrItr 297.2 a gambler who keeps Bhatt, which became more popular than the cowries with him for gambling. other two. 6 See Q)C<lj-eT. 7 court of a raja. ~ [k:lI:d See ~. 8 mace of Vishnu Komodaki. ch'Q [btak] See ~. adOl~''d [btak-har], chait [btki] See 0(~3OWIO. ~ [bmodki] mace of Kumud (Vishnu). cl'31:;r [k5tey] Skt of or pertaining to Kunti. 2 n cla' [bI'] morsel.. "purab bI' nrkark pac, lage pun jeman."--NP. 2 pillar, threshold. "pJr khare Yudhishitar, Bhim and Arjun. 3 Arjun in hOI kor lag."-GPs. .3 short for bray (kuruva;;i) particular, is famous by this name, although all the three were sons of Kunti. 2 See ;g3t. "man bhitar k)I'an kop baQhayo."-krrscm. chr [bth] which date? 4 blue lotus, vvater lily. "bran ke mukhre iiw [btha] Skt 0lf3cr: and Olfuef what number? mukulE."-GPs. :5 prince. 6 name for a Sikh 'from his mouth. lady who has been baptised. As the word Singh 'In Gita, Krishan has frequently addressed Aljun as kStey. is added to the name of a Sikh male, so is the Hence this became a proper name tor Pu:jun. word Kaur added at the end of the name of a

am-

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"b1nabhI bl jIh tal me rahat hr. "-iJkal. 'If Vishnu is known as Kaulnabh, then is that tank not Kaulnabh in which lotuses grow?' ~ [b1a] n a type of reddish orange. 2 pillar of a door from which an arch is raised. 3 Kamla, Lakshmi. See o?r. 4 a Hindu girl Kamla, who was purchased and reared as a maid by Kaji Rustam Khan Mujang (Lahore). He taught her Islam and she became a scholar, but she had special inclination towards Hinduism. Having heard the praise ofthe Guru and hymns of Guru Nanak from various ~. iiw [bra] adj bitter. 2 See ~. hermits, she got attracted towards Gurmat and clfu [bn], a-oT [bri] n hug, embrace. "bhar took shelter under the sixth Guru and led a bri mahI lin."-GPS. 2 an object that may be pious life. Kamla died in Sammat 1686 at within the grasp of both the arms. 3 bricked Kartarpur. Her memorial is situated there. See superstructure ofa well, which is of the shape ~ under~. Bhai Santokh Singh has termed the burial of Kamla as contrary to ofa tower before it is lowered into the ground. "jEse kua khodkE su vasudha dhasaI bri." historical practice. -BGK. 4 cowrie. 5 bitter. 6 See a-a- 6. clW [b1a] See ~ 4. chr [bl] See ~ 1. 2 Sodhi Kaul Sahib from ch5'ra" [b1ar] See ~. the progeny ofPrithi Chand, who belonged to ~[blIk] Skt adjconventional religion of a village Dhilvan. When the tenth Guru attired family, that tradition has sanctified. 2 follower in a blue robe arrived at Dhilvan from of the Tantric path. 3 n Shiv-who initiated the Machhiwara, Prithi Chand offered two horses family religions ofTantrshastris. 4 cult of the and a white dress to the Guru, who put on the worshippers of Shakti. 5 weaver. white dress, tore the blue robe, and reciting- ~ [bb] till when, till that time. "nil bastra Ie kapre phare turak pathanI amal -a-;r [br], -a-'ST [bra] adj bitter. 2 choleric, wrathful. 3 n a Khatri subcaste of Bahujais. pa," burnt them. The Sodhis ofButter village 4 a Jatt subcaste which was very dominant in of district Ferozepur also belong to the Kaul dynasty. 3 blue-blooded. 4 according to Tantar Malwa before the advent of Brars as a great Shastar, an adherent oftantric mode ofworship. force. ~ [bramall] He was a minister of subedar ~ [b1sar] See ~. chs'a' [b1ak] See ~. Mir Mannu of Lahore. Disciple of the Gurus and supporter ofthe Sikhs as he was, he came ~ [blnabhI] Vishnu, who has a lotus in to be known among Sikhs as Mithamal. He his navel. 2 a tank where lotuses bloom. lA woman's name should be written with a sIhari (f) [II died at Lahore fighing against Durrani army in as J-IT3T R'f'iJ8" afu;:IT (mata sahIb brI ji). But at present 1752 AD (Sammat 1810) See l-itoJ..fQ. ifu has come into vogue. Anyhow wrong words which ~ [ka] Skt"Cfil'ln water. "pada ka pakhare."-NP. 2 forehead. 3 comfort, bliss. "kahu ka VI tala." get prevalent have to be accepted as right.

Sikh female. In fact, this word is kDvan (bn)l 7 Skt joint ofan organ. "katge kahu br aru carma."-gyan. ~ [brau], ~ [brao] See~. "chaq cale brau jEse."-caQi 1. "bhae tahI ke brao paqveya. "-janmejiJy. ~ [brpaI] protector ofKauravs, Duryodhan. "utE k)fpala dhiJrE chatndhiJrma."-gyan. ~ [brav] adj pertaining to Kuru dynasty. 2 n sons of king Dhritrashtar as Duryodhan etc. "kate brva dur sldur kheta."-gyan. See

mr

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-VN. 4 fire. 5 god of love, Kam. 6 gold. offi' [kau] to. See ~. "jIn kau han prabhu kIrpa dhari."-va<;f chi'it ill 4. oii=r [kas] Skt n bronze. 2 goblet; a metal bowl. 3 king of Mathura, who was born from the semen of demon Drumil and the womb ofthe wife of king Ugars en. He was Krishan's maternal uncle and his great enemy. Kans was son-in-law of Jarasandh, king ofMagadh. With the help of his father-in-law" he dethroned Ugarsen and himself ascended the throne. Kans had married his sister Devki to Vasudev Yadav. At the time of the marriage, there was a revelation from an oracle that the son born from the eighth pregnancy of Devki would destroy Kans. Hence Kans imprisoned Devki and Vasudev and all the sons born to them were killed. From the eighth pregnancy Krishan was born, who was immediately sent by Vasudev to Gopraj Nand at Gokllll, and the girl born to Yashoda the same day, was handed over to Kans. Kans killed her by smashing her against a stone. Kans tried to kill Krishan in every possible way, but all in vain. Ultimately Krishan reached Dhanukhyag and caught hold of his maternal uncle by his hair, knocked him down and enthroned his maternal grandfather. "duapan knsan illuran kas kIrtarathu kio. ugraSEl) kau raju abhE bhagatahjan dio." -savE:ye ill 1 ke. ~ [kasan], ~ [kas i?atru] enemy of Kans, Krishan. ciJ:rcrra' [kaskar] brazier, tinker, maker of bronze vessels. d'Hfoaei'l [kasnIsudan], cfFrrfu [kasan] killer of K~ns, K~ishan. . cbI [kasu] See ciJ:r. cfcr [kak] Skt ~ a carnivorous bird from the family of vultures. Its feathers are attached to arrows. Some scholars take kr5ch to be kak.

"k'ikan pakhlnlad lage jIn."-GPs. "bahu gIdh kak bayas pukar."-GPS. 2 umbrella. 3 heron. 4 Dharamraj. 5 a Brahman who is described in 2ph CharitaI'. 6 nickname' of king Yudhishtir when he livled in disguise with king Virat. cfua" [kakal)], c~~Q'O [kakan] Skt ~ n bangle, bracelet. "hal' qor kak;m ghal)e."-oi'ikar. 2 crown. 3 ornament. 4 kagna, which is tied to the hand of the groom at the time of wedding. 5 a poet whose literary composition figures in Hanunatak of Hridayaram : tab janakI ko han kanan ten gae sar til' tnkha jal ki, kahI kakan nEku bhaE dng i?ital sapatI dekln ratopal ki alI kOi? gae athae dInnath nai chavI t=1 naiinidal ki, mal)u mI tr vIyOg pare murjha I qali mukhI melI halahal ki. of~'t [kakpatri] an arrow to which are attached feathers of the kak bird. "chute kakpatri. ",--saJoh. crcra- [kakar] See fc:;f-~. "jamkakar vas panya." -sri a ill 5,. 2 gravel. :3 small piece of stone. 4 Skt cps:~'"{ maligned, depraved. 5 n semichurned curd. 6 one hundred million, ten crores. ~ [kakri] n pebble. 2 gravel. cfu;r [kakar] See or-cr. ~ [kakria] ad} in skeletal form; who is attired as Bhairav. 2 attired nastily, who is wearing a garland of skulls and having blooddripping skin. "kakria rupa raktali."-paras. of~ [kakal] Skt Cfi&CI'iffi Bhairav, Bhairon. 2 skeleton. ~ [kakali] Bhairvi. See ~. 2 who wears a skeleton of bom~s-Kali. 3 a temple of the goddess in Birbhum district of Bengal, which is amongst fifty-two seats of the deity .

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or~ [kakyan] vehicle of a kak (Khatri);

horse. 2 one who has gait like that of a heron or a white kite. ciar [kag] Dg n armour. "durga dte danvi suI hoia kaga."-c~Qi 3. "dtukk tukke dkag kage." -Tamav. 'broke the armour of the armed.' 2 a subcaste of Jatts. 3 Skt ~ lung. ~ [kagdD] See ~. ciaT<!y'Q [kagdDPur] a village oftehsil Chunia, district Lahore. It is a railway station. Its villagers showed disrespect to Guru Nanak Dev and did not allow him to stay there. He asked them to "stay put" and left the place. The VdD tree (salvadorea olevides) under which Guru Nanak Dev sat is now known as Mal Sahib. There is a small gurdwara built there. The priest is a Namdhari Sikh. A fair is held on the 1sl of Chet. See ~ -e-&. ~T [kagl)a] See cfu'o 4. ofaJil'[kagDi] n small bangle. 2 Skt~ millet, canary seed. oi\no [kagdn] See ~. ciaT'ot' [kagna] See 4. 2 See 1. "kdr kdrI kdrta kagna pdhIrE."-asa m 1. cfurH'r8t[kagmai] a small village of police station Hariana, tehsil and district Hoshiarpur. It is situated to the north-west of railway station Hoshiarpur at a distance ofeleven miles. There is a metalled road upto Hariana. From there is a two mile unmetalled stretch. Bhai Manj was a resident of this village; Guru Arjan visited this place. Bhai Manj was from the family of Manj Rajputs of the area and he was a renowned devotee ofSakhisarvar. His name was Tiratha. In Sammat 1642, Manj became a Sikh of Guru Arjan Dev and presented such an ideal specimen of the faith as seems marvellous to all. Once, during a dust storm, he along with

cmo

cmo

the firewood he was carrying for the community kitchen, fell into a well of Sultanwind. Driven by his affection, Guru Arjan Dev himself reached there, took Bhai Manj out of the well, embraced him and thus spoke: "map plara guru nu, guru map plara map guru ka bohltha, jdg IaghaDhara."1 After testing him thoroughly, the Guru appointed him a preacher in Doaba. This sage obliged the people of the territory by not only organising free kitchen but also by propelling them towards meditation. In Sammat 1651 Guru Arjan Dev graced Kangmai. Bhai Manj took it as a fulfilment of his service. A memorial of Bhai Manj as we II as a gurdwara of Guru Arjan Dev are situated here. Earlier, the entire land of Machhian, Granthpur and Kang villages was in the name of the gurdwara but now there is no free land any more. The community kitchen is run only with offerings from the followers. People come to visit this place with great devotion. A big fair is held on the 1st of Magh. Routine fairs are held on the first day of all the months of Bikrami Sammat. ~[kagrorl spine; spinal column. ~ [kagaI] See ~ 2. pauper. 2 destroyer of comfort (or). ~ [kaguDi] See cfaTit. ~ [kagura] P tr or for pinnacle. 2 crownD/":"/' shaped mark at the top of a house. ofurr [kaghal Skt ~ comb. cfur' CffiOT [kagha kama] v comb or dress hair. 2 annihilate, loot. 3 break someone's head. ciuft [kaghi] Cf]i5Cfif2iCfiI small comb. 2 interlocked fingers of both hands. 3 weaver's comb. ciuft ~ [kaghi marDi], cfuit J-P07J't [kaghi mami]
IThis couplet is not a part of Guru Granth Sahib; it is a part of historical records.

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v interlock fingers ofthe both hands. 2 interlock ciei'l<ii'li [k5canv:;:lna] adj having a glowing body; having a golden body. "k5canvane pase kalvat fingers of both the hands over the joined knees. cirIa."-asa farid. 3 grasp something so as nolt to let it go. 4 separate virtue from vice by discretion or crmft [k5cni] n a woman of the Kanchan caste; female worshipper of gold; prostitute; harlot. logic. ci1i<!" [ki.'lUn] See ci~. "hal' ki.'luan dhngu cftrQ [k5canuj S~~,e m3C~. "kacanu tanu hOI parasI paras kau."-saveye m 4 ke. bana."-l'am m 5 l'utI. cie' [ki.'lc] Skt cru glass. 2 short for ki.'lcan i.e. ~cft [kacuki] Skt Cf~;qiT n bodice, blouse, brassiere. 2 Skt;~fcfq, in-charge of women's gold. [k5can] Skt ~ n gold. "k5can SIU apartment, usually a eunuch. paiE nahi tol."-gau kabil'. 2 thorn-apple. 3 a ~ [k5cua] Skt Cfi0{~~ n blackbird. "lage kacua deciduous tree, Nauhinia variegate. 4 gold coin, phal moti.."-gau kabil'. 'vices and virtues.' 2 kar5jua; }fttr<~~' [m:lcka]; a thorny plant with mohar. "tIU ki.'lcan aru pEsa."-gau m 9. 5 brilliance, lustre. 6 a tribe that regards gold bitter leaves" Its leaves are ground and as its favourite god and is the custodian of swallowed to get rid of fever. See ~. cfi:r [kaj] n which is produced by water [k5]; adultery. 7 adj of gold, golden. See~. citJo fu'a'o [k3can hIran] pure gold, 24 carat lotus. 2 elJixir. 3 hair; which grow on the head. gold. "loha kkan hIran hOI kEse?"-l'am cfi:r ~ [kaj ClvalI] See tfextii'l'fcex' 2. ravidas. ~ [kaj-jasu] Brahma, born from the lotus citro ~ [kacan kaIya] body glowing like [k5j], his son Narad" "mun5 k5j-jasu tnya s5g line."-GV ]' O. 'Narad along with the yoginis.' gold; robust body attained through celibacy. "'kacan kaIa gurmukhI bujhE."--mal'u solhe m cfi::Rr [k5jar] See i:ftr(')" 6. 2 a community which makes both ends meet by making brooms and 3.2 i.e. priceless body. 3 healthy body. citJo [bc5n kot] mountain of gold; Sumeru. mats of seed gJrass. 3 Cf~ drawer of water"k5cankot gIryo kahu kahI na7'''-datt. the sun. 4 elephant. 5 belly. 6 peacock. 7 sage ot'~m [kacandehi] See cftri"i w~. "jIh Agast. offfi?cf[k5jlakl, a~iNcit [kajlaki] lotus. k5jlak stands prasad I arag k5candehi."-sukhmani. for stamens which are present on the pod; of;rny'Rtf [kacanpusap], oftr~(? [k5canphul] bearer of stamens" "k5jlak nEn k5bugriv." flowers made of gold; flowers for showering on the bier ofelderly and respectable persons. -gyan. "'dhan gan ki.'lccm phul bcmae."--GPS. 2 a ofwr [k3jUS] n miser. ~ [k5J1ka] virgin, girl. "brahman kElighat golden coloured fragrant flower; magnolia. cf'tli'lSfl'S [kaccmbelI] Skt aiBoyFp.IT n beautiful k5J1a a.Q.cari ka dhan."--sava m 3. climber bearing golden flowers. "kacanbelI iiG [k3t], oR;CS[ [k~l1;akllthom. "~ri guru pag ketakI pusap prem k;3t jIh sag. man malfd ko vedh gIri Ikbara."-GPS. 'yellow jasmine.' kar kah6 katha saum5g."-NP. SeefUlofc and 2 gold-like body. ~. 2 adj painful, irksome, prickly like a ~ [k5canvapu] Seei~:fT. 2 Hiranyathorn. "nako katak vnai."-val' vac;l m 3. kashipu, younger brother of Harnakhas, who had a glowing body. It is translation of 3 enemy. fth'li'lJlexFHY "kacanvapu bha harakh apara."-NP. ~ ~ [k5tak alapil adj who uses harsh or

crtli'i

ac

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unpleasant language.

898
~.

<:kaT [katka] See

~ [katari] a herb with fine thorns~olanum

Xanthocarpum. "je nahI bOVE: bij agari. kyo katak dukh deI katari?-NP cffew [katIka] See~. thorny shrub. "kamal vatIka hute lagavat, UdE katIka thIri saQal." -CPS. 2 bridle fitted with a bit. "karE su vasI mukh mahI katIka deIkE."-NP. ~ [katila] adj thorny, barbed. cia [kath] Skt Cf1UO n throat. 2 neck. "kath raml).iy ram ram mala."-sahas m 5. 3 bank, coast. "kathe bEthI gursabadI pachanE."-mala am 1. 4 voice. "kohl so kath."-knsan. 5 adj committed to memory. "gurubani ko kath brijE."-GPS. ~ [kath-abhukhal).] See c:(6'~R<!. ~ [kathsIri], ~ [kath!.iri] n necklace. 2 bejewelled ornament like a garland. cf6djftJd [kathgrahIta] that which strangulates; ' noose.-sanama. ~ [kathramal).I] beautiful necklace. ci'ofuy [kathnpu] death by hanging; noose. -sanama. 2 thorn-apple. of'6W [kathla] necklace. 2 chaplet made of beads of rudra~ seeds, which is worn by saints devoted to Lord Shiv. "abpat kathla." -hazare 10. ciOT [katha] See ciow. 2 bank, coast. "kathe bEthi gurusabadI pachane."-mala am 1. ofo'tt[ [kathagr] adj committed to memory. cf6 l gd<! [kathabharal).], c:(6 i gdC'l [kathabharan] ornament worn around the neck. ~~ [kathabhu!.ial).] See c:(6'gd<!. 2 a metre characterized by four lines, each having three bhagaw, two gurus, organised as 511, 511, 511, 55. Example: "bhartkumar na :Jhath kijE, jah ghar!" na hamE dukh dijE, raj kahyo ju hamE ham mani,

trayoda!.i barkh baSE bandhani." -ramav. cffo [kathI] in the neck. "namnIdhanu kathI un dhana."-var bIla m 4. 2 hug. "han rakhE kathI jan dhare."-ram m 4. 'The Creator keeps the devotee close to his heart'. 3 banks, coast. ~ [kathIphul] n necklace. 2 a bejewelled gold necklace, with a flower-shaped pendant in it that hangs upon the chest. "sagal abharal). sobha kathIphul."-asa m 5. ofo9" [kathi] necklace made of metal or wooden . beads worn around the neck. "kathi kath kath ki Qari."-VN. ~ [kathirav] Skt n lion, from whose throat comes out a loud roar. cia [kaQ] n back. "gun thapi dIti kad jiu."-sri m 5 pEpaI. 2 very fine alkaline dust that is present on such plants as grams etc, whose touch is irritating to the body. of~ [kaQjharni] v remove thorns from plants by threshing. 2 prick the ego of an arrogant person by admonishing him. ofaT [kaQa] n thorn. "tIn atan haumE kaQa he."-sohIta. "kaQa paI na gaQ-hi mule." -maru solhe m 1. 2 hooked implement to take out articles fallen into a well. 3 pointer ofscales which is in the beam's middle and bends towards the heavier side. "ape kaQa tol taraji."-suhi m 1. 4 small scales. "jIU kaQE tolE sunIara."-var sar m 1.5 angle, fish hook. ~ [kaQIari] Skt CflO (':eti I ) n shrub having sharp thorns. Solanum Jacquinii. cii [kaQu] Skt ~ n itch, scabies. ofw [kaQha] n bank, coast. [kaQhi] adj of or pertaining to the bank or the coast. 2 n an ornament which women wear around their necks. 3 foothills. 4 land by the bank of a river. cia" [kat] Skt "Cfi"Rf n one who is worth loving,

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husband. "avIgUl:lIari k~t vIsari."-dh~ma ch;'}t m 1. 2 adj beautiful, attractive. cf3'OiJTij" [katnagar], cf3'OiJTij" ~5}jl [k~tnagar 1;~cchmi] Kahalgaon; a village at a distance of ten kohs to the east of district Bhagalpur. Guru Teg Bahadur stayed here. The gurdwara there is under the supervision ofthe Mahant ofPatna Sahib. cf3'H'fr"ffi' [katm2lheli] adj beautiful woman, graceful lady. ~ [k~tra] See cfu. "ja uthi C2l1si btra."-sri m 5. i.e. soul. cfol [kati] Skt CJiR1 n wife, consort. 2 adj graceful, elegant. "nan2lk sa sohag2l1).I k~ti." -tukha bardhmaha. 3 of the husband. of;~ [k~tuh2ll] See 2~. "k2lmla k~t k2lr2l1u k~tuh2ll."-maru solhe m 5. "s~t m2lral k2lr2lhI k~tuh2ll."-SdVE'ye ill 4 ke. chr [k~th] See cfu. 2 See ~. 3 n tale, talk. "su1).lehu mItr s~chep k~th."-dj. ~ [k~tha] Skt ~n n patched quilt worn by an ascetic. 2 mud wall. 3 human body. ere [k~d] or ~ [k~du] Skt ~ n root of a crop. 2 carrots, onions etc which grow under the ground. "CU1).I khaiE kada."-brla kdbir. "IkI kadu mul CU1).I khaVdhI." -val' majh m 1. 3 cloud that gives water. 4 short for k~d2ln (kdd2ln). 5 P ;; crystalized lump sugar. ~r [kadah] P n.;;) engraved. ~ [k~d-har] See cfu1o. 2 one who brings tubers or vegetables grown underground etc. 3 air, which drives away clouds. cf't!'O [kad2ln] See CR7i'. "$rI ag2ld kad2ln VIgh2ln."-NP. 2 P (;.1.;;) excavate, dig. oferae1d'J [k:"ldbIdari] See ~re-. ~ [kadmul] Skt n a plant that is about three cubits tall. Its leaves are like those ofsilk cotton tree. It has a thick root, which is used as vegetable. See cfe" and ljC? "k~d mul aharo khaiE. "-srdhgosdtr.

c;f'q

cfe'a' [k~d2lr] Skt 91;<0: n what pierces the head of an elephant; a goad. 2 See cf\!ijT. "rukh
bIr2lkh k2lrE kadaJr vasu."--rdtdnmala b;'}no. cfe"atr [kadr2lp] Ski ~f n which causes vanity i.e. lust; Kam, goel of Ilow. cn:ar[k~dra] Skt n cave, cavern, or hollow place made by the flow of water. Caves are made in hills by the same process. These serve as dwelling places for the h~:rmits. [kadro] See i~~. ~ [k:"ld2ll] n lotus. "kad2l1 sukh2ld tIn2lhu p2lg b:"ld."-GPS. 2 blue lotus. 3 a plant with white flowers that grows near water and withers in the sunlight. "kad2l1 duraI d2ll."-NP. See l-fTI? W. 4 gold. 5 skull. 6 condemnation, censure. 7 temple. 8 earth. 9 ginger. 10 tuber root, yam. 11 ill-omen. cfuw[k:"ldla] n gilt. 2 according to Vishnu Puran, a mountain upon which seers and deities reside. ~ [k:"ldli] Skt n lotus-seed. 2 a flowering shrub which grows near water. ~ [k~duk] Skt ball. 2 onion. "j2ltha su k:"lduk mE 2lb phore."-GPs. ~ [kadoi] Dg n maker of sweets. ~ [kadu] a devotee of Guru Arjan Dev from the Sanghar subcaste, who became a spiritually awakened and altruistic. ~ [kadrap] god of love, Kam. See ~. "kadr2lp kotI jakE 12lvE n2l dharahI."-bhE'r d kdbir. 'Millions ofKams cannot compete with Him, i.e. they cannot compete in beauty.' c{q [k:"ldh] n wall. 2 human body, which, without the soul is just like an inanimate wall. "UQE na h:"lsa parE na kadh."--srdhgosdtI. 3 idiotic; unintelligent. "pahan ki prI tma ko :"ldh k:"ldh hE pujari."-BGK. 4 S neck. Skt cfmr bearer of the head. "nace k:"ldh-hi1).:"l kdb:"ldh:"l."-cMi 2. 5 Skt ~u shoulder. "k~dhI kuhara SIr ghara."-s arid. See WeC? 6 See oflJ. 7 Skt

m-

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bearer of water; cloud. 8 barbaric community insect that causes irritation in the ear. See F.I3tfe" of Orissa. and~. i.'imr [k~dhdr] Skt n bearer of water; cloud. cio W [k~n del).a] to listen attentively. "de 2 bearer of head; neck. 3 according to k~nu sundhu drdasI jiu."-sri m 5 pEpaI. Markandey Puran, a great warrior. cio ~ tTa' ~ [kan nil hdth 1aul).a] v take a citr' [k~dha] See cfz:r 5. solemn pledge not to do a forbidden act in oftRf [k~dhar] a subcaste of Rajputs, the future. It also carries the implication that in progeny of Val. 2 Skt "fCF~:ncm::- n regular case this act is repeated, his ears may be pulled. deployment of army during the war. "duM 2 It is mentioned in Parashar Simriti that after kadhara muhjure qh01 sakh mgare bdjje."-caQi telling a lie or talking to an apostate, one should 3. 3 P .lIP Skt 0JTqr-a- a territory ofAfghanistan touch one's right ear, because there live the and its principal town. It is sixty-two miles from deities and touching them sanctifies him. See Chaman and 313 miles from Kabul. It is d 7 $ 28-29. situated at 3,462 feet above the sea level. ~. [kanmdrOrna], ~[kanmurd~na] v twist someone's ear and warn that this evil Kandhar is renowned for its fruit. deed should not be done. "kdn pirdhu ~ [k~dhari] adj resident of Kandhar. 2 of kdnmurd~iE."-var ram 3. or relating to Kandhar. cf'i'i'QR' [k~nrds] n love for music. 2 fond of offu' [kadhI] upon the shoulder. See cfz:r 5. lkadhi] S n bank of a river or canal. "k~dhi listening to idle talk. utE rukhra."-s [,:;rid. "adhe! tu bE~ha kadhi cior [kana] n vowel mark for [a] (r). 2 shoulder. pahI."-sri m 5. "tIkh muia k~dhi pasI." ~ [kanaphusi] See O(i(')JcgA1. -maru m 4. 'died ofthirst inspite ofbeing close cifo [kanI] See ofif. 2 upon the shoulder. "kanI musla suph gdII."-S farid. "dekhdhu b~da to the bank of a river.' 2 adj situated on the cdIIa cdhu jdl).Ia de kanI."-s [arid. bank. ciy [k~dhu] See cfz:r. 2 aspect, cause. "tIn ka cifonIr [k~nIa], ~ [k~nIka] See 0(('iJf0(l' and qo;rr. k~dhu nd kdb-hu chIjE."--gau var 1 m 1. cffotro9' [kanIdhani] n having treasure-house 3 body. ci'n [kan] or cia [kanu] Skt wf ear. "de kanu of water; the earth.-sanama. sundhu drdasI jiu."-sri m 5 pEpaI. 2 shoulder. cioT [kani] n skirt of a garment. 2 border. 3 in the ears. "kani buje de rdha kI ti vdgE pdUl).. "-s 3 Skt cpoq a sage whose numerous mantars [arid. 4 to the ears. "k~ni sutdku k~n pE laItbari are included in Rig Ved. He lived on the bank khahI."-var asa. of river Malini. It was he who nurtured Shakuntla. It was in the hermitage of Kanv cioT O(d~J1f1C!:1 [kani kdtraul).i] v get picked the edge of a garment with money tied to it. that king Dushiant had sexual liaison with 2 avoid someone. Shakuntla. "sesnag dIU k~n nkhi."-JSBM ciQ [k"')nu] See ofo and ofo 4 See cq. [k~nE] Pa adj close, near. 2 n direction. cioHfu [k~nsoI] See ~. ofoy [k~mhu] Pa from. "Ih budhI pai mE 3 adv upon the bank. "ddnavE kanE bdgula." -s [arid. sadhu k~mhu."-toQim 5. of?:' - [k~no] adv from. "ldh~nI se sal k~no ~ [kankhdjura] Skt ~ centipede; an

orm

em

w.

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datI."-s [arid. 2 nrom the ear.

ciij [k.'lnh] See cq.-. 2 Kanh, Krishan. "gharia

sabhe gopia pahar kanh gopal."-var asa.

ciQ' [kanha] n shoulder. cifq [kanhI] upon the shoulders. 2 with the
shoulder.
cio:;rc:{r [kanyaka],
Cf<).iIT.

ciOJIT [kanya] See

~ and

2 See ~ ~'.
n gift of a girl without any

cloOlt't!'(j [kanyadan]

pecuniary gain; marrying a girl to a suitable groom. clo:;I'Qo [kanyadhan] n dowry; girl's wealth; the wealth which a girl receives from her father etc. at the time of marriage. It includes garments, ornaments, cattle, cash. oi'o:;l'd i m[kanyarasi] See iX07. 2 a man, shy and timid as a girl, is called by this name. oi'Q' [kanv] See cJ:o 3. oi'l.l [kap], cfuo [kapan] SkI' n trembling. "tharhar kapE bala jiu."-suhi kabir. cfl.lol [kapni] E Company, association. 1. companionship. ;; companion. 4 society. 5 a troop ofsoldiers. iit..rol FI'dQTij' [kapni sarkarl, ci'tl?it ~ [kapni bahadur] SeecftRc~{f~. oi'l.fT1!iJ}fT()' [bpayman] Skt adj trembling, vibrating. oi'~ [kapavan] v shake, give a jolt. oi'fu-d' [kapIt] See ~ro. cifirw [kapIla] adj shaken, jolted. 'fi\f [kapu] E camp. oi':a' [kab], ~ [kabDa] See cfu-mro. "tIS kabahI papE."-var illaru 2 ill 5. oi'tra' [kabar] See ci'm? "'kabar ek dharE tan chadan."-GPS. See ;:ra-oh:r~r. 2 Skt adj dappled, spotted. 3A ;; a slave of Hazrat Ali. ~ [kabarbeg] commander of Shah lahan's army, who was speared to death by Raijodh in the battle of Gurusar Mehraj. chfl;r[kabal] Skt n blanket. 2 shawl. "kabal badh

aQabarkE."--cCJ>ntr 161.3 jowl hanging under the neck of a cow or an ox. 4 a king of snakes. ~ [kabalril, c:hR~ [kabli] See oh:r1? "parI patola dhaj kari k;'ibalri pahneu."-s [arid. "cala ta bhIjE k;'ibli." --s f~rid. oi'tihr [kabir] See a~r. "nama jEdeu kabir tnlocan."'-bIla a 111' 4. '''kahI k;'ibir kou s;'ig na sath."-bher. 2 water-warrior. oi''' [kabul Skt n conch. "kabugriv trE rekh VIsaIa."-NP. 2 elephant. ~ [kabugriv] adj with conch-like neck. See ~. and c~. oi'it [k;'ibo] n a community engaged in agriculture. Its members, originated from Kambi town of Gujarat, henc:l~ the:ir name, Kambo. Some scholars are of the view that this community belongs to Karnboj territory. [kaboj] Skt n the territory surrounding Hindukush mountain range in Afghanistan. It is known for owning horses of good quality. oi'H [kam] Skt c~~.fwork. "han kam karavan aIa."-suhi ch~H ill 5. c:b-rl [kamla],r.~Hffi [k;'imli] adj crazy. "sahu nerE dhan k;'imlie!"--tI1.g ill 1. 2 See ~ [kamra] work. "j:mi k;'imi nahI gUD te k;'imre vIsan."-s {arid. ~ [k'imaUl)a], ;s!l-ft~ [kamavan] v earn. 2 put into practice. "sara sariatI Ie kamavahu." -illaru soJ'he ill 5. cffi.r [kamr] iin action, put to use. "amal jI kite duni VICI dargah ae kamI."-s [arid. ciW [k;'imi] adj doer. 2 worker. 3 due to deeds, in deeds. See (~~H;P. Cir.iJl' [kya] See 1f,!;rfT. ~ [kyamat] See :~l-l3". ~ [kyar], aJl1~F [kyara] See furo-funrrQT. ~ [kIyhu] from. "dam kIyhu hoti sat." -cau ill 5. 'if it could be exchanged with money.' cd' [kyo] adv why. 2~ how.

ntr

cram.

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~ [krat-ar:t:ti] n river, the destroyer of

various territorial boundaries of regions and villages. "krat-arl)i pad adI kahI jaearnath uear. satru uear kar tupak ke hjo nam sudhar." -s;:mama. 'First of all it is river, then grass produced by it, then its grazer, the deer, then deer's lord the lion and finally lion's enemythe gun.' ~ [kratagy] See~. "karat rahe kratagy karul).amE ~tarjami gyan."-kanm 5. 'Keeping in mind the benevolent and the omniscient. One, they kept performing their actions gratefully.' 2 It means when a person is aware that God knows about his actions, then he is not inclined towards evildeeds. ~ [kratabI] See ~. C!~ [kratu] Skt n '(jf(J]Jf. 2 concept, desire. 3 discretion thought. 4 soul. 5 Vishnu. 6 according to Purans a saint who was born from Brahma's hands. He was married to Kriya, daughter of Kardam. She bore him sixty thousand Valkhiley saints. 7 son of Krishan. 'WI' [kram] SktCJJf action. "jap-hin tap-hin kulhin kramhin."-gau namdev. 2 Skt activity of taking two footsteps. 3 serial, order, system. 4 action, practice. "man bac kram hangul). nahI gae."-dl1;:ma m 9. 5 See "GfEIl'CPf. ~ [kramnasa] See ~. "iJlil" [kray] Skt n buying, purchasing. "iJlil" ~ [kray vIkray] n sale and purchase, exchange, business. ~ [kraIap] See ~ and~. 2 crying like a curlew. ~ [kravar], ~ [kraval] See ~. ~ [krat] Skt adj buried. 2 covered. 3 absorbed, engrossed. 4 penetrated, put across. "barchi tab bhup ealaIdai. $IV ke ur me lag krat bhai." --knsan. 5 n horse. 6 foot. qif3' [kratI] n speed. 2 taking two footsteps.

3 orbit on which the sun moves. 4 This word has beeen used by some poets in place of kat I (splendour) as well. ~3" [kratIVrItt] See exif3" 3. qra- [krar] See ~. 2 bank, coast. ~'dci'ei'i1 [krark~dni] river, which demolishes the banks.--sanama. ~ [krIa] See fcIw. "sag2l1 krIa m2lhI ut2lmu kIrIya."--sukl1mani. ~G [krIyakGt] fraud, hyprocrisy. 2 act of staying immovable like a mountain. ~-~ [krIya-VISeSal).] See f"rq:rTG1:rrIr.~~..ai.l""'I"I""'<!. ~ [krIyavIsekh] an act that lays more emphasis on rituals, knowledge not being primary to it. "kriyavIsekh puja kareI."-bas5t m 3. 2 specific or special action. %H [kris] Sktcpr lean, thin. 2 weak. 3 delicate, tine. "namo sarabdrIs~. nama sarabkrIs~." -japu. 4 Skt ~ VI' pull, attract. 5 fN n agriculture. "krIS kahO han na pavE." -c5dr. ~ [krIsak] Skt~ adjwho with a plough draws furrows upon the land. 2 farmer, cultivator. 3 bullock. ~ [knstan] E Christian; disciple ofChrist. fcarro [krIsan], fcrpro [krI$an] Skt ~ adj black, dark. "krIsan rId2l ujj2l1 karhf."-GPS. "krIsan VISV tarbe nImIt."-krIsan. 'in order to salvage this world become dark with sins'. 2 n Ved Vyas. 3 Arjun. 4 cuckoo. 5 crow. 6 dark half of the lunar month. 7 Kaliyug-an era of vices. 8 indigo. 9 iron. 10 collyrium, antimony. 11 eighth incarnation of Vishnu i.e. Krishan, who was the son of Yaduvanshi Vasudev from Bhojvanshi Devak's daughter l Devki. He was born in prison at Mathura and nurtured in village Gokul at the house of Nand Gop, under the supervision ofYashodha. Krishan was a great statesman and warrior.
ladopted daughter ofUgarsen. See ~o and ~.

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who is a devotee, lndar provides rain in equal very powerful. He killed Kans and made his measure. maternal grandfather Ugarsen king of FqHhHea [knsansasur) Krishan's wife Yamuna, Mathura. In Mahabharat, he played a pivotal her father, the sun.-sanama. 2 Jamvant. role in the war that ensued between Kauravs 3 father of queen Rukmani etc. and Pandavs. As a charioteer of Arjun, he ~ [kns.msakha] Krishan's friend, Arjun. made victory possible for Pandavs. His precept fqHOCia [knsanbr), ft3"F~fu[knsanbn]See in Gita prevented Arjun from timidly laying CJfafgH(,) m'o~rg down his arms in the battlefield. Fed up with ~ fql:ro aQ WtT ~~ [knsan knsan kar sadh battles ofJarasandh, he established the capital do.]--knsall. 'Two saints (Devki and Vasudev) started reciting KJrishan, Krishan.' of Yadavs at Dwarka in place of Mathura. Krishan had eight queens (Rukmini, Kalindi, fq"JII"O"iIfarr [krIfj;mg;~ga] a south Indian river, Mitarvinda, Satya, Nagnijiti, Jambvati, Sushila, which has its origin in the western ghats and Satyabhama, Lakshmana) Apart from these, flows into the' Bay of Bengal. It is 400 miles there were said to be other 16, I 00 wives as long and is also known as Krishna. well. Krishan was killed at Som Tirath fcaHhtfe [knsanc;')cll See o'i'aP' l-fT3T. (Prabhas) at the age of 125 years by Jar the fqHoaadw [knsanbartama] See fgHMljdl-fT. hunter (supposed to be an incarnation ofBali). FqHoaMi [knsanbalbbha] beloved ofKrishan, Shevya, Sugriv, Meghpushap and Velahak Yamuna.-sanama. "krIsanbalIabha tat Ik were four horses of his chariot. His charioteer rahE."-GV 6. was Darak. fc!~~ ~: [krIsanballabhais sastra) There is a narrative in Vishnu Pural). part 5 noose, the weapon ofVarul). who is the lord of a 1 that in order to save the world, God had Yamuna and Yamuna is the beloved of sent two hair-one black and the other grey. Krishna.-sanama. Froll} the black hair Krishan and from the grey FgHMii@ [knsanbhav) spiritualism, spirituality. hair Balram were born. 12 In part 7, sukt 96 "aganbhav kIh bJ:dh kahf' knsanbhav ke of Rig Ved, it is mentioned that on the bank of sath?"-knsan. 'How do gopis talk of Anshumati river, there was a dac:oit named sensuality through spirituality?' Krishan who lived alongwith ten thousand fqHoC'S'l'S [knsanlal] brother of Pandit Harilal robbers. People were fed up with him. At last of Kashi, who was a devotee of Guru Arjan Indar killed him. 13 the Supreme Being, the Dev. See <:rfcr ~)'. 2 a poet who rendered Creator l who is the source of birth and death Mahabharat into Hindi verse. He has written to all. "ek krIsn;') sarav deva."-var asa. "sov;')n 18 chapters ofBhagvat Gita under the heading Shri Mukhvak Patshahi 10. It is also known as <;lhala knsan mala japahu tusi saheliho"-vaQ Gobindgita, but eviident from its verse is the cMt m 1. 14 Skt ~ pearl. 15 heartbeat. fact that its author is not the tenth Guru, rather 16 Bhai Santokh Singh has also used knsan in place ofknfjak (cultivator) "knsan bhagat it is Krishanlal himself ko meghad jIsanu."-GPs. 'To the cultivator fgHoi@a3w [knsanvartama] Skt 't50I'1\J::f~, n whose passage is dark; which is recognised 1"~q;: ~: 'If""!. f.1~ CfT'i'I'P: I by the presence ofsmoke; fire. "krIsanvartama ~ t'f!:i ~ 'f""T ~!ft<fct" -.:;ridhar.

It was due to his valour that Yadavs became

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kan knpche. "-bas5t m 4.
~ [knpaD] miser.

stinginess.

fqtrt [knpJ)e] kindly. "han devahu kan

knpDe."-nat m 4.
~ [knpan] See ~. "dhaI dhaI knpan

(a) dan bIn darab nIdan thahrat bn gyan bIn ya~ apya~ kar karge, "kavIray" satan subhaI sune suman ke dharam bIhune dhan dhara dhar dharge, kam ae kahu ke na dam duhO dinan ke dham gage gae}e sab gath gar garge, bor bor buad bae}ai be~aur kete jor jor knpaD karon mar marge. (b) data hath jati tJ kadar hu na pati ab mere hath ai hE badhai bat bavri ! khane darkhane tahIkhane bic bas dEh6 hOI na udas mero yahE CIt cavri! bhai sut mitan pE be} I nahI jan dEh6 vadhav sapuran ko apan subhavri ! khEh6 na khav2h6 marjEho to sIkhay jEh6 sum kahE lacchmi ! tu bEthi git gavn ! (c) s:m lagyo jab rm me sum ko tahI same supna ayo bhEya, an asis kari dIj ne Im"rajI rakhE tum ko jagmEya," den lagyo tab ek rupEya, su h'ihI same akhIya khulgEya, ah! re dEya kaha kardEya! ju jag na atI tu jat rupEya. (d)kupan apni yuvatI s5 ratI manat alsay. mat kahG putr udar hVE dEhE dravy lutay. (e) devta te sur J asur kahE danav te dai ko su dhay dal pahIti 1ahat hE, darpan mukur J dakh te munakka kahE das te khavas kahI kahI nIb-hat hE, devi s6 bhavani Jr dehra ko kahE math rm dIn ghasiram yahi to cahat hE, dana s6 cabe na ty6 hi dip ko carag kahE deIbe ke e}ar te so dada na kahat hE. 2 insect. 3 mean. ~ [knpaDta] n miserliness, parsimony,

sram kino Ikatr kan hE rna Ia."-tocji ill 5.

fqmrr [knp-pha] n kindness. "dhari han

prabhu knp-pha."-prabha m 4. See GT. See ~. ~ [knple] n kindness. "dharihan knple." -llat ill 4. ~ [knpa] See fuotr". "knpa karahu guru melahu han jiu."-mala a m 3. 2 See fqtft. 3 Kripacharay. See fqtft. "nahI bhikham droD knpa aru droDaj."-c5cji 1. fqtMlfq [knpasfdhu] ocean of kindness. "krIpasidhu kaltray darsi."-hajare 10. 2 ocean ofskulls; battlefield. "knpasfdhu kali garajji karala."-VN. 'Goddess Kali thundered during the fierce fighting.'

fcr..rn" [knpal]

ern

[krIpakatak~],

f~qzTC:fJf

[knpakatakhy], % ~ [knpakatach] n favour, kindness. "krIpakatakh aVIlokan kinau."-dh;:ma m 5. ~ [knpakar] ~-flCm treasurehouse of kindness. ~ [knpacaray] See fqtft' ~ [knpaD] orfcrtrro [knpan] 'fI11UT n which abnegates mercy; wielding of which does not call for mercy; sword. Second of the k's of the baptised Singhs. It is binding on them to wear it. See~. "je je hute akte vIkte su kate kal knpaD kar ke mare."-VN. cakrapanI panI me tIhare ~ri gobfd sigh! teri jo knpan parE ja par knpa na hE. -gvalkavI. kacch knpan na kab-hu tyagE sanmukh larE na raD te bhagE. -pra$anottar bhai n5dlal. 2 a metre ofkabItt type, characterised by four lines, each line having 32 characters, four

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"prabhu daIaI' knpar."-kan m 5. "hohu din knpara."-gau chJt m 5. ~ [krIpal] See ~.fIC2. 2 n Kripal of Jallu, who was a disciple of Guru Hargobind and a great warrior. 3 king of Katoch, who went to fight a battle at Nadaun against Bhimchand Kahluria. Guru Gobind Singh defeated him severely. 4 See fcrl.fTC?'k. 5 See ~. ~. [krIpalc;'id] brother of Mata Gujri and maternal uncle ofGuru Gobind Singh. He was Guru's devout disciple and great warrior. In the battle ofBhangani he displayed remarkable valour. Guru Gobind Singh has described it in the eighth chapter of Vachitar Natak: "taM matuley;'i krIpal;'i karuddh;'i." 2 a king of Kangra. His subcastt) being Katoch, he is at places referred to as Katochia. See chapter 9 of Vachitar Natak. At one place he has also been mentioned as Kriparam. He died in the battle of Husseni. See ~ ~ chapter 11. -s~mama. ~ [krIpaldas] votary of Nam (secret word to meditate on, bestowed by the Guru) ~[krIpanpani] See ~~. 2 n Durga, Bhavani. "dini rajdhani vajrapani ko and great warrior. He was the chief of the krIpanpani."-NP. Udasi sect, who killed commander Hyat Khan with a cudgel. Pleased with it, Guru Gobind ~ [knpanbhet] See ~ mor. ~rfotrro [krIpanIdham], f~rfof"Q" Singh bestowed upon him a robe of honour,

pauses each after every eight characters with alliteration. Seventh, fifteenth, twenty-third and thirty-first characters are guru and eighth, sixteenth, twenty-fourth and thirty-second characters are laghu. This metre is specially used in heroic poetry. Example: sEnapCltI kalaxan, jor kE camu mClhan, dhar bClI ClbhIlnan, 9Cltyo hE mEdan an, rIskar pEdaxan, bhayo guru samuhan, sfghnad ucc than, bolyo ndhI pEho jan, gdlukE rClkab pan, roklin hE kfkan, het bhumI pE gIran, lavat ~Clrirtan, $dtrubdn ko krI$an, vir SOQhIv;'i$ bhan, kaljih ke saman, jhari SIr pE knpan. ~.~ [knpa!).pa!).I] adj armed with a sword. 2 n Macrotime. .~ [knpar:u] n small sword. 2 adj armed with a sword. .~ [knpan] See ~. '~[knpanknt] a metre, having 4 lines, each line structured as 115, III, I Example: jClhf til' chutat. ra!).dhir jutdt bar bir uthat. tanutra!). tutat-kalki (b) In Dattavtar, Madhubhar is also named as Kripankrit asmunI atI dpar. gu!). g;:W udal'. vIdya VIcar. nIt karat car. ~ [knpanad] See ~e-. 2 bestower of the sword. ~ [krIpandhari] bean:r of the sword. 2 baptised Sikh; Khalsa. ~ [krIpananI] army, armed with swords.

[krIpanIdh:([ treasurehouse of kindness. 2 ocean of mercy. "knpanIdhan dIal bekhs;'id."-sukhmani. "knpanIdhI! basahu rIdE harI nit."-toc;li m 5. ~ [knpani] See f.~. "sdda rakhlE mo krIpakE krIpani."-chakke. 2 small sword. "pag hu ko badhbo kachuk dIn piche sikhyo, pahIle hi sikhyo sfgh badhbo krIpani ko." -52 poets. ~ [knpabud] ;'ibud (a cloud) of mercy. "januk barakh krIpabud gayo."-carItr 244. ~ [knpayatan] house of kindness.
~[krIpar], i~rr[krIpara],~[knpari],

~ [knpaml adj merciful, kind, benevolent.

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and mentioned thus in Vichitar Natak. "knpala kupyo hE kuttko sabhari, hathi xan hayyat ke sis jhari, uthi ChIcch IccM kaQQha mIjj jora mana makhna mattki kanh phora." His seat is located at village Hehar (district Ludhiana). When the Guru dressed as Uch Pir arrived at Hehar from Machhiwara, Kripaldas served him with full devotion and at the time of the Guru's departure put his shoulder under Guru's bedstead for many kos from this place. ~ [knpalu] adj kind, merciful. ~[knpavat], ~ [knpavan], ~ [knpavat] adj kind, merciful. See~. ~~l [krIpi] Skt fcfT (or fqtfT) She was Dronacharya's wife and Ashvthama's mother. There is a story in Mahabharat that in order to disrupt the meditation of Gautam's son, Bhardwaj (Sharadvan), Indar sent Gyanpadi, a fairy. At the sight of her, the sage's semen ejaculated, and it fell in reeds from which at a boy and a girl were born. When king Shantanu noticed them, he felt pity and took them to his house and affectionately nourished them. Hence the boy came to be known as Kripa and 'the girl as Kripi. Upon coming of age, Kripi became Dron's wife and'all his life Kripachary served the progeny of Shantanu as a great teacher and supporter. fqtfu:r'3' [knpisut] son of Kripi; Ashvthama "bhIkham dr::n:J. knparu knpisut."-krrsan. 'Bhishampitama. Dronachary, Kripachary and Ashvthama. ' fc!H" [knm], fcIfi-r [knmI] flli See fumf. "VICI pathar knmjata."-var SOT m 4. fqfH'A'r [knmIja] Skt ~ shellac produced by insects. See fum-rtft. ~ [knymal).] adj which is being done. 2 n work in hand.

fqw [knya] See~. 2 part of speech which

asserts or predicates something as aUI:la, jal).a, lIkhJ:la. Verb. ri!GI'tlija [knyacatur] in poetics, a hero, who by his actions, depicts shrewdness i.e. without speaking but through his gestures. fq~ Hilr.iJT [knyavacak sagya] gerund, verbal noun as dukh-harta, mukatIdata. ri!GI'roilf.lJllC! [knyavI:;;eSaJ:l] adverb; word added to a verb, adjective or another adverb to express some modification of manner or time as abhI, hUJ:le, mr [othe], Ese. ri!GI'F~Rl:f [knyavIsekh] See~. ri!GI'roiledlQI [knyavIdgadha] Skt f,t,41f'1i;JSlT in poetics, a heroine who is adept in depicting her feelings through her gestures. ~ [kricak] See ofttror. "Ih bIdhI sun kricak harkhana." -NP. ~ [krichan] See ~. ~ [krit] See fuoTc. c!S" [krit] Skt adj purchased. ijSo [kriran] Skt n play. 2 merriment, joviality. ~ [krira] See ~. 2 See ~ and }{'iT 1. ~ [kriracakr] See ~ (c). [kru~] Skt'ff!l vr shout, weep, abuse, accuse. $I - [kruc] Skt ~ vr go near, rotate aslant, bend, be insignificant, be rude. 2 a type of Indian pond heron. 3 grey-coloured water fowl. 4 Kronch mountain. 5 rudeness. "dhanu bhnkuti su krOc bIn bara."-NP. 'without ruffled hair i.e. gentle, soft. ' ~ [krudh] Skt vr be angry. [kruddh] adj angry, enraged, furious. ~ fua"' fi:ro Uta" [kruddh bIkh'E: jIll ghor] sen 'In fury, don't poison the atmosphere.' -ramav. ~ [krur] cruel. 2 hot. 3 sharp. ~ [krurkarma] adj pitiless; cruel. "sag krurkarma ab ana."-GPs. 2 n a Surayvanshi king. ~aaaH [krurbaras], ~~ [krurvara~] a
~~

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Surayvanshi king. See~. ~ [kres] dispute, problem. "kCJUSCJ1 ke chor kres."-ramav. 'leaving aside the problems of Kaushal kingdom.' ~ [kretu] dark young lady. "kl1rkdt kretu kak."

-NP

Skt n calling" crying, wailing, lamenting. See ~'F.l: vr. ~ [kroh] See ~.q:. "nCJ moM na kroha."-Clkal. ~ [kroc] See i3"'tr. ~[krodh] anger. See cRfq. "krodh bInasE sCJgCJl bIkari."-gCluCJm 1. c!fu [krodhI], iKtft [krodhi] adj c3'~ angry. 2 See If(51. 3 See ~. cIt.r [krop] See -a-t.r. "je atI krop karekan dhaIa."-asa kClbir. ~ [krOpI] due to anger. "hCJsti kropI muq mahI mano."-g5c;1 kdbir. cJa [krorJ n one hundred lakhs, one crare. "jore 1akh krore man na hore."-gdu m 5. -GPs. ~ [kror] Skt ~ n pig, swine. 2 lap. 3 cavity ({Ts [kvaq] See (h~. "kururav kvaq bhe in a tree. 4 See ~. maryo."-cCJrrtr 137. 'King Kuru was shot dead with a bow,,' ~ [kr3c] Skt ~ n stork. "kr3c su arul).CUf pukarat."--GPS. 2 a mountain in the era- [kvath] Skt n decoction. Four tolas of drug put in sixty four tolas ofwater, is boiled till the Himalayan range. According to Harivansh, he is the son of Menak and grandson of same is reduced to one fourth. This mode of Himalayas. There is a story in Mahabharat that preparation is mentioned in various Ayurvedic once Kronch mountain became so intoxicated books. that it started crushing its residents. Aggrieved, crfu [kvapI] adv anywhere. the people went to Kartikey for help. He shot ifQ [kvar] See cgrwo 3. See gtf'"O. "janat h6 ghan an arrow or a spear in such a way, that it kvar ko garjat, baras nCJ aI."-krrsCJn. 'A cloud immobilised the mountain, and he cut its in the month of Assu thunders but it does not (Kronch 's) horn with a sword. "kr3c sEl me rain.' janu ;;Ivn5dCJn barchi mar dhasai."-GPS. 3 a CfijT [kvara] See gJ-fT'3'. demon, son of may. He resided on Kronch if [kvE] See ~. 2: pron any. "na subhat thaqh kv rahyo."-krrsCln. island. 4 according to Purans, an island fram amongst the seven ones, on which Kronch if [k;;a] Skt e:r, This letter is a combination of~ and 11. Per Punjabi usage, it should have been mountain is situated. It is surrounded by Khir written as the first compound consonant i.e. Sagar. Its measurement is mentioned as 1.6 its place should! have been after tIppi C), but million yojans. "kr3c nam tIh dip ko nar sOdar

c!E7i' [kro;;an]

samuday."-NP 5 See i3"'tflltT. ~ [kr3cpada] See~:it 29. ~ [kr3cbyuh], ~~ [kr5cvyuh], ~ [kr3cabyuh] n deployment ofarmy in the battlefield in such a formation that it resembles a stork. "kr5cabyuh kIyO asuns jab."-CClrItr 405. eft:!' [krad] Skt ~ vr express sorrow, be upset, cry in pain" cjt!O [kradal).] Skt n weeping, crying. 2 lamentation of the wounded ones in a battlefield. efH [kr5m] See C3"H. "man bac kram sevi saca." -sClvEye m 4 ke. ~ [k1If?t] See (xrn~ ~t:!' [kled] See cr~t:!'. ~ [k1edcm] S~:e cmt"i'J. ~ [kva] part where. 2 See gfu. ~ [kvacrt] adflthe few; rare; perhaps some. 2 anywhere. "nac sukh5 dn;;yte kvaCIt."

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as is prevalent in dictionaries we have placed it at the end. ~ [k$~rD] See f'cf<!. 6il&3ijJ d [k$ClDbhagur] See ~. ~ [k$ClDIk] adj momentary. iB [k$Clt] See 68". "jIn ke jClg Clk$Clt sis dhClrE. tIn ko tClnu SClk$Clt bn kClr."-ramc;'}dnka. 'Who can injure those whose heads are worshipped by the offerings of rice?' '6ilftr [k$CltI] n loss, damage. 2 destruction, annihilation. ~ [k$Cltr] n that which saves from getting wounded; armour. 2 one who saves someone from annihilation; Kshatri. 3 kingdom. 4 power, force. ~ [k$Cltn], ~ [k$Cltny], ~ [k$Cltri] Skt ~ n a powerful man. According to the Hindus, the second caste of the society, who defend their subjects through the use of physical force. In Veds, Purans and Simritis, the origin of Khatris is described as from the Creator's arm. See ~. ~ [k$ClPDClk] Skt n one who has given up sensuality; a Buddhist ascetic. 2 a well known poet of king Vikramadity's court. ~ [k$Clpa] See GRfT. iUf3T [k$Clrnta] n capacity, ability. 2 power, strength. ~ [k$Clrna] See ferHr and ftmr. 2 earth. ~ [k$Clrni] See sHt. ~ [k$ClY] See ft. 2 tuberculosis. See e:reT 3. 3 doomsday. 4 annihilation, destruction. S disease. 6 house, abode. 7 violence. ~ [k$Clyah] See fcffru. '6iltill [k$Clyi] See e:reT and ~. 2 adj destructible. 3 n asthma. 4 moon. There is a mythical story that as a result of the curse from Daksh, the moon had contracted tuberculosis. irn [k$Clr] See 'l:fa". ~ [k$ClrClD] See ~.

srT3' [k$i'it] adjforgiving, indulgent. 2 v tolerate.

[k$ar] See "l::f'G. ~ [k$aICln] n washing, rinsing. ~ [k$ItI] See fuf3'. ft.:ffutr [k$rtIp]' fufutrf3" [k$ItIpCltIl, ~ [k$Itrpal], ft89H [kptis] n king of the earth.
See~.
~

[k$IprCl] See fu1;r. [k$iD] See ~ and &. iiiITa' [k$ir] See <::fhr and 6fu:J'. iiffin::ni~ [k$irsurnudrCl], Sll<:JHIdld [k$irsagarl, 5fulfu [k;;iradhI], 6llaF(')Fq [k;;irmdlu], ~ [k$irod] According to Purans, the ocean ofmilk from the churning of which fourteen jewels were extracted. It is regarded as the abode of Vishnu. ~ [k$iv] See t:iW. ~ [k$udr] See ''i. ~ [k;;udh] See 1jl.T. F [k;;udha] See 13l:fT. ~ [k;;udhatur] adjoverwhelmed by hunger; hunger stricken. 2 famished, starving. ~ [k$up] Skt n son ofKrishan from the womb of Satyabhama. 2 In Mahabharat, a king of the solar dynasty who was the son of Prasandhi and the father of Ikshwaku. "hot bhayo k$up bhup rnClhan."-GPs. 3 bush. ~ [k;;ur] vr cut, split, tear, pierce, draw a line or furrow. 2 n razor. 3 dagger. 4 hoof. S arrow. ~ [k$etr] n body. 2 conscience, mind. 3 field. 4 woman, wife. ~ [k$etrClgy] n soul, that regards the body as its own. 2 adj knowing or familiar with the fields. ~q:H [k;;etrClj] adj farm-produced. 2 n per Hindu faith, a son who is the offspring of one's wife by some other man, as Pandav. See~. ~ [k$etrClpal] See ~. ~ [k$epClk] adj who throws. 2 n one who

fsrt:r

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adds a spurious passage of his own or of 2 a variety of Kalyan musical measure another in some writing; an interpolator. evolved by blending together the notes of two itrc!" [k$epClJ!] n act of throwing. 2 feiling, musical measures namely Hamil' and Kalyan. thro ving. 3 sending, directing. 4 laying a It is counted amoung the hybrid musical blame, reviling. measures. iH [k$em] See ~}f. rn [k$oJ!i] See m. ~ [k$emkCllyaJ!] ecstasy and liberation. b [k$obh] See 5.

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[khCJkkha] seventh character of Punjabi script. It is uttered from the throat. Skt n sun. 2 sky, ether. 3 an organ or organs of sense or action. 4 body. 5 cypher, dot, point. 6 paradise. 7 comfort. 8 hole, aperture, cavity. 9 action. 10 town, city. 11 field. 12 knowledge, discernment. 13 Brahma. 14 also used in Punjabi as a substitute for the Sanskrit ~ and 1'Q"; for instance, weft [sakhi], Her [mokh], bIrCJkh, VIkh, khat etc. ~ [khCJu] Skt ~ n annihilation, destruction. "CJkal muratI jISU kCJde nahI khCJu."-maru solhe m 5. "katI pCJradh khIn mahI khau bhCJi h."-sar m 5.2 disease, ailment. "kCJrunanIdhI dur kan: khau."-krrscw. 3 See ~. ~ [khCJus], ~ [khCJusra] See ~ and
l:f

mr.

fear, dread. "khCJuphu na khCJta na tCJrasu j;:JValu." -gau ravrdas. ~~ [khauh:la], ~EO'" [khaulna] v boil, simmer. Skt~C7. vrtremble,jump, play, go. The word kh::llna derives from it. 2 massage, anoint, smear. "gCJdCJhu C;)dCJnI khCJulir, bhi sahu SIU paD-u."-var suhi m 1. ~ [khCJu] adj destructible. 2 See ~. ~ [khau] Skt ~ annihilation, destruction.
See~.

~ [khCJuph], ~ [khCJuphu] A

...J; n

l:ffu [khaI] See ~.

l:ffu>w [khCJIa] destruction.
See~. "dut dusCJt sabhI hoe khCJIa."-brla m 5. 2 annihilated, destroyed. "ah;)rog sagal hi khaIa."-sar m 5. 3 destructive; violent. "mue dusat ja khan."

--dey m 5. 'Murderous aberrations were destroyed.' 4 collided. See 'l::fD<!T. ~ [khaIkal] See~. lRft [khCJi] See~. "kCJlmCJl tIsu khCJi. "-var ram 2 m 5.2 eats, does the eating. "IkthCll bhojCJn sCJbhko khai."--GPs. 3 Skt ~ and ~ . , JJtf consumption. At first there is catarrh with cough and fever, and then inflammation of lesions gradually develops in the lungs. Blood is emitted with phlegm. Pain is felt in the chest. There is constant fever. The body becomes sluggish. Hunger vanishes and thirst increases. The redness of the blood lessens. The colour ofthe face fades. Sleep decreases. There is constant dejection, anxiety and fear in the mind. The upper half of the body perspires during the night. Continued mild headache, bad dreams, swelling of the feet, occasional constipation and diarrhoea etc are symptoms of this disease. Tuberculosis is caused by excessive coition, marriage at young age, excessive exertion in studies, lack of good diet, living in polluted air, suffering from anxiety and sorrow, prevention of hunger, thirst and excretory functions, long sittings and lack of air circulation in the residence. Sometimes, this disease is inherited from one's parents. It can be contracted by contact with a patient of tuberculosis. It is difficult to extirpate it once it enters the house. A patient of this disease hardly survives for 1000 days. As soon as symptoms of this disease appear,

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treatment should be started in consultation with a competent doctor or physician. The patient should leave his home and start living near a river, sea or in a jungle ofpine trees. The patient should abstain from sexual intercourse and protect himself from the cold. Such things as are pleasing to the eyes and the mind, should be used. Easily digestible and nourishing diet (milk, meat curry etc) should be taken; and all the time the patient should have the urge soon to get well. The treatment for consumption must never be got from the quacks. One should undergo treatment by expert doctors. Here are general instructions for treating consumption: Use anti-tussive and anti-pyretic medicines and avoid diaphorics and purgatives. Take codliver oil. Take trituration ofbamboo-mana, cardamoms, extract of menispermum glabrum, real pearls and silver leaves with cow milk. Prepare tablets of two mashas of each of the following ingredients: black pepper (dried berries of piper nigrum) one tola, piper longum two tolas, pomegranate peel four tolas, alkali of barley six mashas and jaggery eight tolas. Take two tablets daily with warm water. "khai su badi bhai mavesi."-c<JTItr 405. ~ [khaihE] will devour. "manusu bapura musa kino micu bIlaia khaihE re."-bIla kabir. 2 See cret. l:I't [khae] got annihilated or destroyed. "sunat jaso kotI agh khae."-gau m 5. l::fR' [khas] Skt ~ vr rub, graze. "sIla s:Jg khas calat nir."-GPS. 'The water flows grazing past the stone slab.' 2 See ~. :~ P root of a plant which is very fragrant. Otto is prepared from it. During the summer season the rich people use its screens and handfans. "khas tati kine chukav."-GPs. It has a cooling effect

and cures headache, burning sensation and vomiting. L Andropogon Muricatus. 4 Skt Garhwal and the territory lying to its north, the territory lying to the south of Kashmir which is inhabited by the Khas people. 5 a tribe inhabiting the Khas territory which is now also called Khasia" "~ffilT ~: "@W:"-manu. 6 a foot disease. ~ [khasa1<J.:la], ~r [khasakna] v slip, slide. l::fR'l::fR' [khaskhas] Skt '(3JWfB n poppy-seed. P J~ E poppy--seed. It is used in numerous medicines and is somewhat intoxicating. 1:fRG [khasat] Skt 1'11'); adj sixth. 2 In Punjabi, it indicates six also. "das asat khasat sravan sune."-sar m .5 partal. 'heard eighteen Purans and six Shastars.' ~<!" [khasatnEJ.).], 1fR"Z~o [khasatmn] Trishiradait, a six-eyed demon. See ~. "hal.).yo khasatnEl).;'\."--ramav. 2 tertian fever. l:fRCH [khastam] Skt m~ adj sixth. lfflZfi.r [khastamI], 1::fFlCl-IT [khastami], cmfc [khasatI], 1::fFl(~t [khasl;i] Skt 111'[t n sixth day of a lunar fortnight. "khastamI khatsastr kahahI."-gau thIti III 5. "khasti khatdarsan prabhu saje."--bIla thrti m 1. 2 a goddess who is regarded the wife of Kartikey. According to the Hindu custom, she is worshipped on the sixth day after the birth of a child. 3 sixth day after the birth of a child. "khasatI kin bhale kulcali."-NP. 4 Skt siixty. "khasatI kul jadav jujjhe."-paras. 'Sixty clans of Yadavs died fighting.' 5 a kind of rice (ripening in about sixty days after sowing.) 1:fFfc!T [khasl.).a] v snatch, wrest. S ~. 2 slip, slide, move away. "bntha sram khasat hE." -BGK. 'Pain and fatigue disappear.' 3 graze past, rub lightly. }:fR3O [xastan] P I,;f--> v be injured. 2 fall ill. 3 become a paupl~r. J:f1Ef [xasta] P ,;.->' adj brittle. 2 ill. 3 injured,

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hurt, wounded. 4 n a fruit's stone. to one eighth ofits original quantity. Small dozes l:fROT [khasna] See ~. ofthis decoction, mixed with honey, should be given to the patient. 1:fRH [khasam] or "l::fFIB [khasamu] A ~ n lord, master, owner. "nanak huk')mu na calai naIr (2) Take sandal, andripogon muricatus, khasam calE ardasI."-var asa. 2 Godhead, the coriander, spikenard, fumitory, cyperus Creator. "khasam VIsan kie ras bhog."-111Clla pertenuis and dry ginger in equal measure, prepare a decoction and give it to the patient TIl 1.3 husband, consort. "parpIr rati khasamu VIsara."-111aru solhe 111 1. 4 enemy, foe. "kahu in small dozes. kabir akhar dm bhakhI. hOIga khasamu ta (3) Take eleven basil leaves, half a tola of leIga rakhI."-gClukClbir. 'Iffor no reason you glycyrrhiza glabra, one tola ofsisymbrium lro, half tola of aniseed, one clove and one fourth have an enemy, God will protect}ou.' 5 T ~ ofa fig. Boil all these ingredients in half a seer friend. 6 relative, relation. 7 P (' indignation, anger, rage. of water. When the water is reduced to one fourth, sieve it through a piece of cloth. Give 'l:ffiH'11f [khasmahu] by or from the Lord. "sabhI this decoction to the patient in small dozes. ae hukamI khasmahu."-trlag 111 4. 'All came by the Lord's command.' 2 A D/ record keeper's list of village land, its numbers and measurements. 3 rough draft of 'lfflHT?iT [khasmana] P .;~ like the master, ownership. s"l:ffi::n.ft7) mercy, grace. "prabhu jiu an account. khasmana kan p I are."-sor 111 5. "k;'it hamaro ~ [khaslat], lfR"ffi'3" [khaslatI] A ~ n kialo khasmana."-asa 111 5. "khurasan nature, disposition, habit. "muc;lhE di khaslatI khasmana kia, hfdustan c;laraIa."-asa 111 1. na gaia."-var brha 111 3. l:IFIfH[khasamI] Master, Lord (nominative case) l:Ifi:r [khasI] See~. "jab bhavE leI khasI."-s "kac;lhI kuthar khasamI SIr katIa." kClbir. 'may snatch'. 2 having grazed (past). -brla 111 5. 2 to the Master, of the Lord. See1:fH. "khasI apasmahI thIremahip."--GPS. "khasamI mIIrE sukhu paIa."-111aru Cl 111 1. 'l:ffRt;p- [khasIya], cn=fPw [khasia] See 1:fH 5. 2 adj castrated. 3 n billy goat. The reason for this 'because of meeting the Lord.' l;fFl}j [khasamu] See l::fmf. "khasamu VIsan name is that billy goats reared for the table khuari kini."-111Clla 111 1. are castrated while young. "khasIya adhIk ~ [khasra] a disease like smallpox. Skt s;'ig IE ae."-CClrItr 52. 3 scrotum. ~, ~,~. A ~ measles. The patient l:flJ [khasu] See ~. of this disease suffers from fever and burning 1:fl;f'RO [khasusan] A w.~ adv especially, particularly. sensation in his body. His face becomes red; he feels thirsty and suffers from dryness of l:I"ftGor [khasotna] v snatch, wrest. the tongue and the palate. After some days, l:Iffi.r [khas;'im] See 1:fRH. small pimples appear on the neck and the chest. ~ [khassl).a] v snatch, wrest. 1:hft [khassiJ A jP castrated, gelded. 2 billy Its treatment is: goat. See erfi:rw 3. (1) Take cyperus-pertenuis, fumitory, licorice (glycyrrhiza and glabra) raisins in equal ~ [kha~tJ See'l::fRC. quantity by weight and decoct them in water. ~ [khastI] See'l:fA'fz. Sieve it when water in this decoction is reduced . lflljt [khastiJ See ~.

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~

[khahl)a] See 1::fFf. v rub, scrape. 2 jostle, pull and push. 3 quarrel, wrangle. ~ [khahdi] ate up. "apI khahdi khnI dabtiE."-var ram 3. 'He himself ate as also distributed (it) among others as charity.' l:fmlT [khahra] See l:fftRJT. l:fir.P' [khahra] n doggedness, obstinacy. "khoI khahra bharamu man ka."-maru m 5. 2 insistence, obduracy. l:ffu [khaI] having grazed or brushed past. See

cmc:r.
~

[khalul)a] See l:fU<!T.

1ffuar [khalura] Rajput descendants of Jahir

Chand, son of raja Tara Chand of the Kahloor state. 2 a Jatt subcaste, one of whom namely Mehma, was a famous disciple of Guru Angad Dev. 3 a village established by the Khehra Jatts. See ~ 11'f<:ra-"if 7. l:I'ftriJ [khahne] plural of khahna. See l:fftRJT. 'tf9 [khahu] See 5i\lJf. "atkal khahu lakhahu rukkhE."-BG. 'At last the tree is destroyed by the lac.' l:fi1QT [khahura] adj rough, coarse. 2 harsh, hottempered. ~ [khahada] adj quarrelsome, pugnacious. "sukh na paInI mugadhnar sat nalI khahade."-var g~m 1 m 4. l::fl:I' [khakh] See tll:r. l:fl;Rf[khakhar] n house of irascible or malevolent creatures; hornets' nest; wasps' nest. w-Jt [khakhri] See ~. "khakhria suhavia lagria ak katllI."-var gew 2 m 5. 'The malevolent and ill-natured ones became genial.' 1:fl:IT [khakha] pronunciation ofth~: character 'l::f. 2 the character 'l::f. "khakha, khara sarahau tahu."-bavan. l:l"l::f [khakkh] Skt ~ vr laugh; joke. 2 n joke, banter. 3 fine dust diffused in the sky. lft:Ir [khakkha] See l:fl:IT. Accord ing to Gurupratap Suray, a Kashmiri Khatri who got converted

to Islam during the reign of Aurangzeb. "tIS dIn turak bhae tahf sare. hfdun hahakar ucare. khakkhe nam bhaye khatrin. bhabhe nam dIjan ko cin."-GPs. l:fCIT [khag] Skt n that which moves in the sky, a bird. 2 sun. 3 moon" 4 star. 5 god. 6 air. 7 locust. 8 cloud. '9' arrow. 10 short for kharag. "khag khac;l bIh~lc;la khal dal khada."-VN. "chatri ketIk khag dhari."-GPS. See crfur. 'l:IiJ1i?ffa' [khag-an] enemy of birds, a falcon. 2 sword, the enemy ofthe arrow. Soldiers used to cut flying arrovvs with their swords. "khag mng jacch bhujag gan e pad pntham ucar. phun arI sabad ucariE jan tISE tarvar."-sanama. l:faT37i [khagtan] ad; having the body of a bird; whose body is that of a bird: Kakbhasund, a devotee of Ram, cursed to be come a crow; garur, the vehicle of Vishnu. 2 incarnation of the swan. "khagtan mintcm mngtan barahtan sadhu sagI udhare."-mala m 5. 'Incarnations such as those of the swan, male milter, sage Sringi and Varah were liberated through association with the saints.' 3 See 30. l:fOIO't [khagni] that which possesses swords and arrows, an army,-sanama. ~ [khagpatI] master of birds, garur. 2 mind. See ~ ~~Ff OlftB230. l:faTa1"i'f [khagraj] king of birds, garur. l:fOI'6'u [khagroh],I:fdPHo [khagasan] one who rides garur, Vishnu. "muratI IE na karE khagrohE."--krrsan. 'lest Krishan absorb our appearances as his own.' See orsr;:r. l::fd1T3cr [khagatak] destroyer of birds, falcon. 2 See craTrfu. 1:fiIlTfi:Itr [khagadhI p 1 master [adhIp] of birds [khag], garur. lffirr [khagI] with the sword. See cror 10. "rag dokh agh moh chIde hannam khagI."-s;:lvye sri mukhvak m 5" l::ffarn' [khagIs], 'l::f~3R' [khagfd], 1::fii'h:r [khages],

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1ft:

~ [khagedr] master or king of the birds, garur "khagIs ke sal' lage."-CdrItr 203. "je nar grase kalukh ahesa. jeHu :;;aran so nam khagesa."-NP. 2 sun. 3 moon. 4 Indar, the king of gods. 'tf'iIT"l? [khagol] n celestial sphere; sky that appears round like the earth. ~ ~ [khagol vIdya] n that branch of knowledge which tells about the motion and movement of the planets and their effect; astronomy. 'l:far [khagg] short for khdrag; sword. See csar. "khdggan kharake khulhE tuppak tdrake tug." -ramdas. ~ [khaggkhyata] adj famous in swordsmanship. "dou khaggkhyata."-GPs. ~dlSijit!ij [khaggbdhadurl Bhai Sukkha Singh's translation of Guru Teg Bahadur's name and used as such at numerous places in Gurvilas. t:l'crr [khdggal adj swordlike; of the shape of a sword. 2 n beans of acacia sirissa and butia fondosa etc which look like a sword. l:ffi' [khdC] Skt ~ vr render prosperous, purify, bind or fasten tightly. l:fif<!l' [khacDal, l:fB?iT [khdcnal v become one; join. (See crtr vr.) "pritI prem tanu khaCI rahIa."-cClu m 5. "sdt.sagatI seti man khdcna."-sClveye m 4 ke. "hansagI sagI khdciE."-sar m 5 pClrtal. lffiij' [khacarl adjmoving [carl in the sky [khal. 2 n bird. See ClOT. 3 See e:l";:m. 4 wickedness, wiliness. ~ [khacrcm] wickedness, wiliness, guile, fraud. l:ItJ'ijT [khacra] adj deceitful. 2 vicious, base. 3 prankish. ~ [khacal See crtr vr. n wealth, pelf. "adarahu thotha kUfI.aru kuri sabh khaca." -var maru 2 m 5. lfftr [khaCI] having been absorbed. See~.

lffuo [khaCIt] adj fastened, joined. 2 inlaid.

3 drawn. 4 engrossed. "man khacIt premras." -sar m 5. See crtr vr. t:l'tr [khacc] n conflict, bickering. 2 loose talk; blatancy. ~ [khaccar] n offspring of a donkey and a mare; mule. Skt ~. l:Iii [khdj] Skt ~ vr churn, agitate, mix. ~[khajal] n liquid [jal] of the sky [kha]; dew. 2A adj abashed, .embarrassed. l:fE1i'i'til' [khazanci] P Jy} n treasurer, cashier. l:fHIOT [khajana], 1:ftfloT [khajina] A ~17 n treasury. "nam khdjana bhdgti paIa."-gau m 5. "hdn han jan ke mal khajina."-sukhmcmi. l:fij'6" [khajurl Skt crtt''6" n a tree, the fruit of which is called date; date palm, date tree. Phoenix sylvestris. "jal ki machuli carE khajun."-to<;fi namdev. 'They are talking of improbable things.' 2 silver. "kacan Jr khajur ddYO pun dasi ddi."-NP 3 scorpion. l:fij'ij'T [khajura] See l:fij'6" 3. 2 Skt ~ an insect that enters the human eiu, also called :;;dtpad; centipede. See R31R. "sis pdtkat jake kan me khajura dhdsE."-C1kal. See~. l:fijfa" [khdjun] on the date tree or date palm. See ~. 1. 2 with date. ~[khdjuril n fruit of date palm, date. dried date. "rab khajuri pakia makhIa nadi vahanI."--s fClrid. 'Benevolent words of the saints are like dates and the coversation about God is like a river of honey. ' ~ [khdjjdl] abashed. See l:fi=rI? 2. l:fGI [khat] Skt (f[C:, vr desire, search. 2 Skt six. "eI<: ghdri khat masa."-tukha barahmaha. 3 anything comprising six units as, khat :;;astra khat karam etc. "khat bhi eka bat bakhan;;hI." --ram ill 5. 4 Skt (f[C: dried up well; ruined or abandoned well. 5 phlegm. 6 plough, ploughing implement. 7 grass. 8 See cf~. 9 Scot, I Another form of it in Gurbani is khatu.

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bedstead.
~[khat-uramI], ~

[khat-urmi] Skt ~ n six facets of existence: hunger, thirst, grief, infatuation, old age and death. 2 he who has six superhuman powers; God. See
~.

l:IGnfor [khat-ag] Skt ~r six parts; six principal

parts of human body are - head, two arms, chest and two legs. 2 human body, which has six parts. "khat-ag pal).I uchalia."-c,'JQi 2. 'With her hand, Durga tossed up the body of Shumbh'. 3 Six branches of policy [nitI]: a. sadhI: alliance or treaty. b. vIgnh: war. c. oro ryan]: invading the enemy. d. as~m: picketing, maintaining a post against the enemy. e. sa~ray: seeking protection or refuge of the more powerful. f. dVEdhibhav: exciting dissension (in the enemy's camp). 4 Six parts of the Veds are: a. sIk~a: the knowledge of proper articulation and pronunciation of words. b. kalap: from which knowledge of the kinds of mantars and procedures of their repetition is acquired. c. vyakaral).: grammar. d. jyotI~: astronomy.! e. chad: science of prosody. f. nIrukt: etymological explanation of difficult words. l;fCRTR'3"2 [khatsasat], 'l:IcH'H3d [khatsastar], ~ [khatsastraJ, ~ [khatsastra] Skt
'Astronomy is now uscd for ascertaining the movements and effects ofthc planets and the lunar asterisms but in the Vedic times it was used for ascertaining lunar dates for the performance of sacrifices. rituals etc.
2

Another form of it in Gurbani is kh<J\vsas<Jt.

priincipal systems of Hindu philosophy. "khatu sasat VIcrat mukhI gIana."--majh m 5. "khat sastra SImntI vakhIan."-sukhm;mi. A book that provides beneficent precept or knowledge is called a ~astar but this word is used specifically for six principal systems ofthe Hindu philosophy. The six Shastars are: (1) VE$e~Ik: Kanad Muni is the author of this system which recognizes only six categories: a. dravy: matter.. (earth, fire or light, air, sky or ether, time, space, soul and mind or the internal organ). b. gUl).: quality. (colour or form, taste, smell, touch, number, distinctness, conjunction, disjunction, remoteness, nearness, affection, word, intellect, pleasure, pain, desire, aversion, effort, merit, demerit, tendency). c. karam: action. (throwing upward, throwing downward, contraction, expansion, locomotion). d. samany: generality or jatI speciality. par: remote and apar: proximate. It is a common trait of the facets of a collectivity; that is, the general characteristics as existing between the genus and the individual. e. VI~e~: particularity or distinct nature. Each of the eternal subtances has uniqueness of its own so as to keep itself distinct from others. f. samavay: inherence; the intimate connection between cause and effect. These six substances are eternal as well as non-eternaL The earth, water, fire or light and air are eternal in their micro form and are non-eternal in their macro form. The qualities inherent in the eternal substances are everlasting and those residing in transient substances are transitory. All actions are nonlITc,vrrBf SIX

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eternal. Generalities, particularities and with deception, fraud, jealousy and obstinacy inherences are all eternal. Souls in all the and meant only for refuting the other person's different bodies are separate. God is separate view). from the souls. The universe has been created m. tT~~l1 [hetvabhas]: fallacy of from the atoms through the will of God. inference. (savyabhIcar: argument to prove Through a complete knowledge of these six too much, vIruddh: to prove the reverse. substances, emancipation is attained. The neoprakaraI).sam J : to tell ofequality on both sides. Vaisheshiks consider negation or non-existence sadhyasam2 : an assertion identical with the [abhav] as one of the categories. The point to be proved, petitio principal. WW3tr Vaisheshik philosophy thus has seven [kalatitP: mistimed.) categories in number. n. chal: quibbling, refuting the argument (2) 0J!Ttir [nyay]: Gotam is the author ofthis of the opponent by putting forth a different system of philosophy. The Nyay system admits meaning. of sixteen categories: o. jatI: evasive or shifting answer to an a. pramaI).: acquisition of knowledge argument. p. nIgrah sthan4: ground of defeat in a (sensuous perception, inference, analogy or debate. (In other words, not to be able to comparison, verbal authority or revelation). adduce apt argument or adducing an b. pramey: objects of knowledge (soul, incongruent argument that may lead to one's body, senses, cognition, mind, activity, defects, transmigration, rewards of deeds, pain or defeat). suffering, liberation. The knowledge ofthese sixteen categories c. saf;iay: doubt (the cognition of two leads to liberation which is the absolute cessation of suffering. The individual soul is attributes, i.e. in which one ofthe attributes is not clear). different from the Creator and, therefore, d. prayojan: motive or purpose. (for which cannot become identical with Him. The physical objects 'are made of atoms. one makes an endeavour). (3) sakhy: Sage Kapal is the author ofthis e. drIf;itat: example, instance. f. SIddhat: conclusion, doctrine system of philosophy. According to the (accepted as true). Sankhya, there are twenty five elements: g. avyav: promise, a compotent of a. prakrItI: nature, from which all things syllogism (proposition, reason, example, have been made and which itself has not been application, conclusion). made from anything and which is the state of h. tarak: reasoning (logic). equilibrium of the three qualities called sat: I. nIrI).ay: decision. goodness or virtue, raj: passion and tam: j. ~ [vad]: discussion (for the sake of darkness or foulness. b. mahattatv: the great principle, intellect. knowledge, without thinking of winning or lIt is also called s<Jtpr<JtIpa~. losing). k. jalap: sophistry (sophistical wrangling 2It is also called <JsIddh. JIt is also named as badhIt. with the motive to win). I. vItaQa: cavilling (the argument mixed 4They are of twenty-two types, See ?l:ii'Gldfi?l.

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(which came into being due to animation of nature and has established itselfas intellect in the human body. c. ahakar: self-consciousness (of which ego is the manifestation). d. paj tanmatr: The five subtle elements (colour, savour, odour, touch and sound.) e. gyara fdria: The eleven organs (five perceptive organs, five active organs and one mind). f. paj mahabhut: the five great or gross elements (earth, water, fire, air, ether). g. pum;;: soul or spirit. According to the Sankhya, the universe is eternal and is the result of continuous evolution; it always goes on changing. Nature needs the help ofthe soul and vice versa, and by themselves both are unproductive. The soul is different in every body. Intellect, self-consciousness, el,~ven organs, five elements together constitute the subtle body sukham.(lfg) sariI' which is the mainstay of action and knowledge. It does not perish with the material body. Prompted by passion for action and knowledge, the subtle body leaves one material body and enters another. The subtle body does not perish till the dissolution and at that time it merges with Nature. At the time ofthe new cn~ation ofthe universe, the subtle body springs up anew. Through its discriminating faculty, the soul regards itself different from Nature and its activities, and it does not suffer from grief which is registered through the intellect. This sense of being different is known as liberation. (4) patajal or yogdar~an: Sage Patanjali is the advocate ofthis system of philosophy. The doctrine ofthis system holds that the observer and the observed are two different entities.

The spirit (purakh) is the observer and the rest, that is, Nature (prakntI) in the form of the universe is the observed. Nature (prakr:rtI) is the material cause of the universe and God (i$var) is its efficient cause. When the oscillations (or the modifications) ofthe mind come to a standstill then, there being nothing else to be seen, the observer's identity is confirmed. Detachment and constant practice are the means ofstopping the oscillations ofthe mind which then result in total concentration and this state is known as Yog. By following yam (abstension), nIyam (observance), asan (posture), praIJ.ayam (breath control), pratyahar (sense withdrawal), dharr;ta (concentration of mind), 'Q'JI1?) [dhyan] (steadfast contemplation) and samadhI (absorptiion the mind in the object of contemplation) mind's pollution gets removed. By knowing puI'U~ and prakntI as two separate entities, realization oftme knowledge takes place and the soul is freed from the bonds of prakntI. It comes to know that it is separate from prakrItI and thus gets emancipated. (5) mimasa: Sage Jaimini is the advocate of this system. He considers complete knowledge of dharam as means of emancipation. According to him, the performance of the Vedic sacrifices etc is dharam. Through the: performance of such religious activities, the living being attains the status of a god, incarnation etc and enjoys the pleasure of the region regar?~d as heaven etc. (6) vedat: Vyas is the Piopounder of this system of philosophy. According to the Vedant everything has sprung up from Brahm (the soul of the universe) with thy help of His illusory power and shall merge into Him. The reflection of Brahm in pure Maya is called i$var and

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920 reflection of Brahm in impure Maya is called ;::j'W [jiv] (being). ~ [jiv] is one and immortal but due to different superimpositions, it appears to be manifold. By obliterating the superimposition, the identification of;::j'W [jiv] with pure Brahm takes place. Through the knowledge of Brahm sense of separation ends and union with Brahm takes place within one's own self. This union is known as emancipation (the absolute oneness with God). ~ [khat;;astri] Skt lS[C~-~ adj he who knows or has studied the six systems of Hindu philosophy. ~ [khats;:ipatI], l::fZI'ft.reT [khats;:ipda] Skt l$rc>~: religious accomplishments of six types: I f?am: control of the mind. 2 dam: control of the sense organs and the motor organs. 3 upratI: cessation of material things. 4 tItIk$a: endurance of pleasure and pam. S $raddha: faith. 6 samadhanta: concentration of mind. l:fGU [khatah] aggregate of six things, a hexad. See 3C(J. 2 See C:ICCXOH. l:IGCf [khatak] n apprehension, anxiety. 2 worry, care. 3 Skt TSfC,'fl hexad. 4 See CfZCS" 3. l:fGaC!T [khatak.!).a] v rankle. 2 apprehend worry or misgiving in the mind. ~ [khatkaram] Skt lSTc,CJ1P'f";'f, n the six activities or functions. "kan kIna khatkaram karata."-so purCJkh. According to Manusimriti, the six duties enjoined on a Brahman are: studying, teaching, offering sacrifices, conducting sacrifices for others, giving and accepting gifts. (3T<J11R, 3TUfTLfl, ~, ~, CiFf, six duties. constant repetition of the Veds, religious austerity, knowledge, control of the sense organs, non violence, service of the mentor 2 2 According to Yoga, the following are the six activities: (a) dh:Jti: the practice of swallowing everyday one cubit of piece ofcloth in fifteen days. The outer end of this clothapproximately four fingers wide and fifteen cubits long, soaked in warm water, is held tight inbetween the teeth so that one is able to swallow fifteen cubits of strip and draw it out slowly. This exercise cleanses the intestines. (b) ?i"q't [netri]: Approximately one span (nine inches) long piece ofthick and soft thread is pushed into the nostrils. One end of it is brought out through the mouth, catching both the ends of this thread in separate hands, to clean nostril-passage and throat. (c) n:JlI (mauli): sitting straight with both the shoulders somewhat pushed down and with the help of the vital air (pra.!).) moving the abdomen upward and downward right and left in such a way as curd revolves in a pitcher when it is churned. (d) vasti: sitting in navel-deep water and cleasing the intestines by sucking water through an approximately finger thick hollow piece of bamboo inserted about three inches into the rectum. (e) tratak: looking steadily at some special symbol until tears flow till the eyes get tired. (f) bhasta (kapalbhatr): breathing repeatedly in and out like the bellows of an ironsmith. 3 The following are the six acts according to Tantarshastar: $,ltr: peace, absence of passion, va$Ikara.!).: the act of
'See mvnu a 12, ~ 83.

lJfWJm '
Manu has also shown the following as the
'See monu v 10. ~ 75.

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'l::IC~

subjugating (by means of spells, charms etc), Barsola railway station. 2:50 bighas ofland and st;'lbhan: paralysing, vIde$al).: exciting hatred rupees 85 cash figure as grant in the name of or enmity, uccatan: discontent, and maral).: the gurdwara. The priest is a Sikh. killing. 2 a mountain range between Kohat and 4 Sage Atri has denoted the following Peshawar. The Afghan race that inhabits the as the six acts: jap: constant repetition of Khatkar range, is also called khdtak. spiritual hymns; tap: practice of austerities; 't:I"GC{T [khatka] n noise. "paYdn ko kh<ltko tirathyatra: visit to the holy places of kIyo."-CarItr 248. 2 care, misgiving, anxiety. pilgrimage; devpujan: worship of the gods; ~ [kh<ltkavy] Skt"GR:~six well-known m;'ltarsadhan: performance of an incantation; books of poetry, three of which are known as s;'lnyas: renunciaton of the world. l<lghutr<lYi. The books under reference are: S In the Parashar Simriti the following Kalidas's Raghuvansh, Meghdoot and are shown as the six acts: Kumarsambhav and those comprising VrIddh s;'ldhya: performace of the morning, noon trdyi are: Magh's Maghkavya (Shishupalvadh), and evening prayers, R?J1?) [sanan]: religious Sri Harsh's Naishdhkavya (Nalopakhyan), bathing, jap: constant repetition of spiritual and Bharvi's Kirtarjuniy. Mallinath has hymns, haYdn: oblation to the sacrifical fire, written a fine commentary on all these six books. ved path: recitation of Veds, and devpujan worship of the gods. ~ [kh<ltgul).] Skt 1SfC2rl See CfC far 3. 1fGCffiHT 3' ~ [khdtkdrma te dugl).e] twelve 'l:fG'e'i! [kh<ltcakr] Skt "lSfc,Trni" six mystical circles acts, according to Hinduism. See CfC ORJ}-f 1 ofthe body yogis believe in. "ult<lt pavan c<lkr kh<Jt bhede."-gau kabir. and Ffi')T('), tRf, ~, ~R?l, ~ and 3tf. Added up, they come to twelve in number. (a) ~ [muladhar]: It is the circle of "khdt kdrma te dugl).e puja kdrta naI." the anal area; there is an inverted four-petalled -sri a m 5. yellow lotus in it. ~ [kh<ltkdrmi] 1SfC,~, adj performer of (b) svadhI$than cakr: It is the root of the the six acts. See 1::ICOffi}-f. genital organ. There its an upward-facing six~[khatbr] a village situated between lind petalled, red lotus in it. and Dhamdhan. The ninth Guru visited this (c) m<ll).Ipurcakr: It itS located at the root of the navel and is an upward-facing, tenplace. The thieves who stole the Guru's horses went blind. Out ofpenitence, they came to seek petalled lotus. (d) <lnah<ltc<Jkr: It is a l'welve-petalled golden Guru's protection and, having become his disciples, gave up crime for ever. lotus in the heart. The water in this village was brackish. The (e) VI$uddh c<lkr: It is a sixteen-petalled Guru ordered a new well to be dug at a upward-facing, red lotus in the throat. particular spot. The water ofthis well was very (f) agyacakr: It is a bi-petaIled, upwardsweet and this pleased all. facing, white lotus in between the eyebrows. Khatkar is situated in tehsil and police Besides these six circles, yogis believe that station Narwana in Sunam sub-division of there is a seventh circle in the tenth opening Patiala state. It is one mile to the east of ofthe ultimate realisation which is a thousand-

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petalled white lotus and which they call the throne or seat of Divine Light. 2 that which has six mystical circles; human body. "ehathI khateakr ehahu d ISI dhaI."-gem kabir ba vcm. ~ [khatjyotI] six sources of light - moon, sun, stars, lightning, fire and intellect. l:fG<!T [khat!).a] v earn, acquire, gain. "ja tau khata!). vel to3. tu rata duni SIU."-S farid. "satI kE: khatI dukh nahi paIa."-asa m 5. 1fG3Tl'r [khattal] a measure or ryhthm comprising eighteen beats. It reads: "dha tnk dhf dhf, dha dha dhf dhf, dha dha tI ta, dhf dhf, dha dhag, na dha tnk." ~ [khatturas] six flavours with sour taste, such as sour-sweet, sour-saltish, etc. ~ [khattursi] state ofsix flavours or tastes mixed with sourness. See ~. "khattursi mukhI bol!).a."-sri m 1.
~[khatdaras], ~[khatdarsan] ~

six systems of Hindu philosophy. See ~ "car bed khatdaras s;:-lmasi."-var maru 2 m 5. 'Four Veds and six philosophical systems will vanish.' "khatdarsan vart vartara. gur ka darsan agam apara."-asa m 3. 2 According to some, the six systems are: Raft [jogi], j;')gam (moving Shaivite ascetic), jmi, s;')nyasi, Hindu monks, vnagi renunciants and madari conjurers. But this is not the right view. In a way, any six philosophical systems or their followers can be termed as khatdarsan. l:fG ~ [khat devta] See ~ 'l:fCa". lfGc") [khatan] See l::fC'(!T. 2 See 3'CO. ~ [khatnem] a circle which has six fixed rules; six circles. See?>tH. "khatnem kan kothp bo3.dhi basatu anupu bie pai."-gau kabir. 'a cubicle having six circles, that is, the human body. ' See ~. 2 a system for following the six rules. See l::fCCiRf}-f. l:fGl.fit [khatpati] n want of agreement or harmony; disunity. 2 breakdown of the six

principles of statesmanship. l:I'Glre" [khatpad] Skt 1SlC.;rG n a six-footed black bee; bumblebee. 2 See cj~ and ~. l:fClfift [khatpadi] six-footed louse. 2 lizard. 3 See ~. 4 bumblebee. l:fG ~ [khat prama!).] six proofs. See ~. l:fC8'3r [khatbeta] adjwho knows the six systems of Hindu philosophy. "munIjan khatbete."-asa m5. l:IGH? [khatmatu] a hut having six circles, human body. 2 one who has six limbs. See 1:Qnfar and ~. "khatmatu dehi manu bragi."-ram a m 1. l;fG}-fH" [khatmal] n insect born of filth in a cot; bedbug. 1:fGfi.rc5r [khatmItha] sour and sweet. l:fG'!::j1:f [khatmukh] Skt ~ son of Shiv, Kartikey having six faces. There is a story in Ramayan that Shiv's semen fell on a reed scrub and caused the birth of a son having six faces. See O(ll:Jr:3~Gf. l:fG)jl:f ~ [khatmukh vahan] peacock, the vehicle of Kartikey. l:fGCJ1 [khatras] ~ six tastes savoured by the tongue: sweet, saltish, pungent, tart, astringent, sour and bitter. "bahuras sal!).e savardi khatras mithe paI."-sava m 3. 't:fGaTaT [khatragJ n conflict, discord; singing of six tunes together so that one enjoys none of them; chatter, nonsense. 2 six major musical measures. See "I:JTaT. ~ [khatntu], ~ [khatrut] ~ six seasons of the year, each comprising two months. eet-vsakh: spring;jeth-harh: summer; saun-bhad6: rainy season; assu-kattak: autumn; maghar-poh: extreme winter; maghphaggu!).: cold season. I "rutI saras bas;')t mah eetu vsakh sukhmas jiu, hanjiu nahu mIlIa maulIa

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manu tanu sas jiu, ghar nahu nrhcalu anadu sakhie carankamal praphulra, st1daru sugharu sujaJ).u beta gUJ).govfd amulra, vaQrbhagr para dukhu gavara bhai puran as jiu, brnvatr nanak saral).r teri mrti jam ki tras jiu. grikham rutr atr gakhri jeth akharE ghamu jiu, prem brchohu duhagl).i, drrsatr na kari ram jiu, nah drrsatr aVE marat haVE maha garabr muthia, jal bajhu machuli tarpharavE sagr mara ruthia, karI pap joni bhEbhit hoi der sasan jam jiu, brnvat nanak ot teri rakhu purankam jiu. rutr barasu suhelia saval). bhadve anad jiu, ghal). unavr vuthe jal thaI purra makrad jiu, prabh purr rahra sarab thai harInam navnrdhr grahr bhare, srmarr suami atarjami kul samuha sabhI tare, prraragI jage nah chIdr lage krrpalu sad bakhsfdu jiu, brnvatr nanak harrkatu paIa sada manIbhavadu jiu. rutr sarad aQabro asu katrke harrpras jiu, khojati darsanu phrrat, kab mrliE gUl).tas jiu,

brnu kat prare nah sukh sare har ka-!JaI;l dhrIgu bana, sudarI sujal).I caturr beti sas brnu jEse tana, it ut dah drs alokcm md/nr mJ:lan lei prabh pras jiu, brnvatr nanak dhar:r krrpa melahu prabh gUl).tas jiu. rutr hJ:mkar sital harr pragte m~lghar pohr jiu, jalanI bujhi clarasu para brnse maradhroh jiu, sabh kam pure mrII hajure harrCdr~I~sevak:[ sevra, har Qor sigal' sabhr ras gUl). gau alakh abhevr a, bhau bhagatI govfd biichat jamu na sakE johr jiu, brnvatr nanak prabhr apr meli tah na prem br choh jiu. srsiaTU rutr manIbhavti maghu phagal).u gUl).vat jiu, sakhr saheli gau maglo grrhr ae harrk~.t jiu, grrhr lal ae m,mr dhrae sej sudarI sohia, val).U trIl).U trrbhaVCll).U bhae harIa deklu darsan mohia, mrle suami :rch puni manr japra nrrmalmat jiu, brnvatr nanak nrt karahu ralia harr m:cle sridharr kat jiu. -ram rutr m 5. ~ [khatlak~aI)J, 1~ [khatlakhaI)], ~ [khatlakhyaI)] six qualities ofa perfect human being. "lkhatlakhyaI) puranapurakhah." -sahas m 5. (1) fixing one's attention on the

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omnipresent Creator and repeating His Name. (2) living an honest life; not making any enemy, and keeping one's poise during the time of pleasure as well as pain. (3) resisting the impulse to rely on the five sense organs and showing kindness towards all living creatures. (4) relying on the Creator's glory as one's nourishment and like a lotus leading a detached life in the world. (5) counselling friend and foe alike to cultivate devotion for and faith in God. (6) humbly becoming the dust of everybody's feet and not listening to libel against anybody. 'l:fGfi;far [khatlfg] six marks or components; six parts of a book: (a) upkramupsahar: Prologue of a book and its epilogue on the same theme or note. (b) abhyas: reiteration of the context. (c) apuravta: uniqueness of the context. (d) phal: conclusion. (e) arthvad: sentences creating interest in the book. (1) up-pattI: logic. 2 In grammar, the three ajat (vowel-endings) and three hat')t (consonant-endings) masculine, feminine and neuter genders. For example vowel-ending masculine is 0T}f [ram], feminine is rama and neuter is dhan and the consonantending masculine is rajan, feminine sraj and neuter ;:reyas. ~ [khatvadan] See~. ~ [khatvarag] Skt lSJ6,cni" n a group or coIJeGtion of six; a hexad. 2 six perversions are:- a'H [kam]: lust, ~tT [krodh]: anger, [lobh]: avarice, Hv [moh]: infatuation or attachment, mad: arrogance, matsary: malice (jealousy).

~[khatvf:;i] ~ twenty-sixth. ~ [khatvf:;iat], 1::lcFciF.tfa [khatvf:;iatI] Skt ~twenty-six.

l:lc:f~o(ia [khatVIkar] ~~ See CfC ~ofi-r.

mr

2 See ~. 3 six states of the body: conception, birth, growth, decay, change and destruction. "janam astI aru VrIddhI pral).ama. khil). hon marno dukh dhama. khat vIkar atam mahf nahi"-NP. 4 six other associated changes: birth, death, hunger, thirst, happiness and sorrow. "khat vIkar ]anamahI aru marne. Ih :;iarir ke donahu varne. chudha tnkha dUI pranan ker. harakh :;iok man ke jug her."-GPs. ~ [khataul).a] v help to earn profit. 2 be accommodated. "ek grIh mahI dUI na khatai."-prabha am 5. 3 cause to be dug. "puran tal khataIa. "-BG. l::fGTlft [khatai] n sourness. 2 See ~. 1:IG'11 [khatas] n sour juice, sourness. l:f<:Ti')T [khdtana] absorbed or merged into. See ~. "jIujalmahI jaIaI khatana."-sukhmani. "mIlI jal jalahI khatana ram."-va<;i chat m 5. See cfc vr. l:fG""01 [khatani] liked or approved. "jal). ki dhun manI mith khatani."-gau m 5. "tau bI dhI niki khatani"-dhana m 5. "manI tanI caran khatani."-asa m 5. See l:fz vr. l:lit [khati] n earning, gain. "totI na aVE khatiE." -varram3. lfiP;rr [khatia] Skt (9C.::rr cot, bedstead. 2 Skt ~ bier for carrying the dead body. "khatia legae bhai."-asa kabir. 3 earning, profit. "Itnaku khatia gathia matia."-keda kabir. 'So much wealth has been earned, so much is at hand and so much has been buried.' l:fit>;t [khatiE] let's earn, let's gain. 2 let's make well known. "dohi khatiE."-var ram 3. ~ [khatik] Skt (9CfrcF n tanner, manufacturer of leather containers.

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--_._--------,

-------------'
GURDWARA KHADUR SAHffi

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927 ll? [khatu] See l::IZ. There is a monument of Guru Angad Dev l~ [kR;}tusasat] See l:fCRTR~. in this town. It is here that Guru Amar Dev If?l'l? [khatumatu] See l:fC11? used to serve Guru Angad Dev. Guru Nanak " l~ [khatual adj earner, breadwinner. Dev had also sanctified this town with his visit. 2 performer of the six acts. See l:fZO[ij}f. In the residential area, there is a beautiful "bI carahI anI ksastra bahu kh~tua."-seweye sri gurdwara of Guru Angad Dev. In the mukhvak m 5.3 knower of the six systems of circumambulatory path. ofthis gurdwara, there Hindu philosophy. See~. is a remnant of a peg which Guru Amar Dev [khatola], l:IZm [khatoli], l::fZ5 [khatolol stumbled against and fell while he was fetching small cot. 2 cot's frame. "cft khatola val) water for Guru Angad's bath. This gurdwara dukh."-s farid. 3 bed. 4 human body, torso. has an annual grant of rupees two thousand "atI niki meri bani khatoli."-brla m 5. six hundred. The following gurdwaras are also lfG [khatt] Skt ~ n cot, bedstead. 2 dowry there in this town: (1) Tapiana Sahib, situated at a distance given to the bride and groom at the time of their marriage of which the main is the of about one furlong to north-east of the bedstead. 3 See l::IZ. 4 Skt <flC, vr desire, search. habitation, is the place where Guru Angad used S Skt <flC,c, vr cover, surround. 6 Skt "1iJZ,c, vr to perform religious aillsterities. Nearby, there is a tank on thl~ bank of which stands the tomb live, exert, give, beat. 1~ [khattl)a] v earn, make profit. ofBhai Bala. 1:fGQ [khattar] adj one who is harsh by nature; (2) Thara Sahib is that platform where Guru Amar Dev used to recite Gurbani sour, short-tempered. 2 buffalo or cow that whenever he got time to spare from his daily hits when being milked. lfcr [khatta] adj sour, acidic. 2 n citrus-like routine. (3) Dehra of Guru Angad Sahib. plant and its fruit which has sour juice; sour (4) Mall Akhara. Near the habitation, lime. Its fence is very beautiful and its juice is towards the west, is the place where Guru used with boiled potatoes, arum and also in Angad Dev used to sit while instructing children pickles. It is used as a rootstock for grafting in the art ofwrestiing. See ~ difi:!\:~~'A. orange and sweet lime. L Citrus acida. 1:rcr [khaq] Skt ~ vr cut into pieces; refute. l:fir [khaqq] n burrow, hole. 2 gorge, ravine. l:llft [khaq.qi] that pit in which the weaver sways See cr.rn. 2 See ~. 1:ffir [khaqI] in the burrow or hole. "cuha khaqI his legs while weaving fabric. na mavai."-var mala m 1. lfc!" [khaI).] Skt '~R. vr cause grief or trouble, dig [khaqi] See trnt. up, excavate. 2 Skt &-1UT moment, instant. l~ [khaqua] n pit, ditch. 2 burrow, hole. "udhare Ik khal)e."-vaT ram 2 m 5. 3 Skt ~ part, segment; especially those segments of 1~ [khaqur], ~ [khaquru] a town under the ceiling which fall between two beams. See police station Vairoval in diistrict Amritsar where Guru Angad Dev residled. It is situated 1:10 3 and 4. at a distance often miles to the north-west of ~ [khal)I] See em'). Tarn Taran railway station. "sane sane avat 1d' [khal).e] in a jiffy, iin an instant. See l:f<!' 2. 2 dug up. See l:fO vr. bhae gram khaqur avas."_NP.

lrew

1m

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[khat] n ditch, pit. "panhm mar khat Qar." ~ [xatib] reciter of xutba. See J.:f3W. -GJrItr 194. 'after a thorough shoe-beating, ~ [khatu] See l:f3". threw him into a pit.' 2 enmity, opposition. 1:S'ar[khatag] Skt ~that which wounds limbs 3 jealousy. 4 A b> ~ I written piece or of the body, an arrow. "bachar ghatti suna document. 5 line. 6 letter. 7 A .,::...> impediment, VIC khet khataga."-ci'iQi 3.2 injured, wounded. check, restriction, interdiction. "ISU handhan 3 S brave, courageous. 4 P ....{.;; a tree, of ka koi sarik nahi, kISE ka khat nahi."-var bI1a whose wood bows and arrows are made. m 4. 8 snatch, wrest. 5 bow or arrow made of xadag tree. "lie kar cakr vakr gophan khadagni."-salah. 1:f3OT [khatna] A ~ See H?i"3". ~ [khatpatl)a], ~ [hatphatl)a] v get l:f3laft [khatagi] adj who carries a bow. See 1:S'ar a tom letter etc, breathe one's last. See ~.2 4 and 5. 2 tearing ofa statement ofaccount, i.e. closing l:hrot [khattri] See ~. of an account. "na han bhajIo na khatu l:ffI [khatr] Skt !R?f n that which protects from phatIo."-s kabir. injury or violence, king or the administration. 2 warrior. "tahf jaI pare jahf khatr bara." ):f3'}f [xatam] A sense of completing something. 2 act of sealing or stamping. -gyan. l:f3'aT [khatra] n answering the call of nature. ~ [khatrhal)] adj destroyer of a dominion. 2 destroyer of men of the warrior class. 3 n 2A~.? danger, fear. 3 apprehension, misgiving. "khatra na kijE patijE sadiv."-GPs. Parshuram. ~ [khatreta] son of a person of Kshatri ~ [khatrkheta] adjbom in the military class; subcaste. "satru ki SEn taraganI tull hE tame real warrior. "dou khatrkheta."-gyan. turag tare khatrete."-carItr 2. ~ [khatral)] adj progeny of Khatri caste; of 'l:f8iw [khatrama] n Kshatri community. a military family. 1;f3T [khata] Dg n beard. 2 A IV n error, ~ [khatnatkar] killer of a warrior, an omission. "khaIIk! khata na kari."-sfarid. '0 arrow.-s;:)nama. 2 Parshuram. God! may my target not be missed.' 3 crime, lffifuriq ~~ [khatnyak khelak] that which offence. "asakh khate khInI bakhsanhara." dangles from the body of a warrior, a sword. -bavan. "asi khate bahut kamavde."-sava m -sanama. 3. 4 an ancient city in the centre of China, lffif'lifl(!" [khatnyal)], crftr'lif'O [khatnyan] adj Turkistan and Turan. born in or belonging to the martial caste of lf3T8" [khatab] A ",:",IV n form of address. Hindus. 2 conveyance of a warrior, the horse. 2 title, rank. lffifliJ'fu [khatnyan] enemy of a warrior, a sword.-sanama. 2 Parshuram. };fQ"lfJ;flJ [xatabaxa~] A if'IV adj forgiving, indulgent. ~ [khatri] Skt ~ second of the four castes lffuw [khatIya], ~ [khatia] n pit, ditch. of the Hindus. "khatri brahmal)u sudu bESU "khatIya pare ravju pae."-carItr 194. udhrE SIman caQal."-gau thIti m 5. 2 he who protects his subjects or people from 2 postman. IAnother form of it in Gurbani is khatu also. danger, a warrior. "khatri so ju karma ka 2A corner ofthe letter conveying the news ofsomebody's suru."-s;:)va m 1. 3 Many people believe that the words chatri and khatri have different death is torn before it is posted.
l:f3'

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cfno

meanings. But it is not so; for the source of both these words is k~atny. In Purans two major dynasties ofKhatris are mentioned, one being the solar dynasty in which Ram Chandar was born and the other being the lunar one to which Krishan belonged. At present the Khatris are divided into four main groups: Barhi, Khukhran, Bunjahi and Sarin. Barhis stand further divided into twelve subcastes; Khukhran into eight; 1 Bunjahis into fifty-two and Sarins into twenty subcastes. Inferior Khatris ar, th, Mehra, Kapur and Khanna. In the six ca..;.,s come Behal, Dhaun, Chopra, Sehgal, Talwar and Puri and under five castes come Behal, Beri, Sahgal, Vahi and Vij. Vedi, Trehan (or Tehan) and Bhal1a (of Sodhi subcaste) which have gained respect due to the birth of Guru Nanak Dev, Guru Angad Dev and Guru Ram Das respectively, are counted among Sarins. There is a story current among Khatris that during the reign of Alauddin Khalji, when a large number of Khatri soldiers were killed, the king tried to arrange the marriage of their widows. Those Khatris who accepted the royal order were termed as Sarins (i.e. who accepted ~arah-ain). Dhanna and Mehra, the two residents ofKajnand village went to lodge an appeal with the king against the orders for the said marriages. Those Khatris who joined them, two and a half kohs away from their villages were termed as Dhai Ghar; those who met them at twelve kohs came to be called Barhi. After this those who met them at
'Suris, Chadhas. Kohlis. Sethis, Sahnis, Bhasins, Anands, Sabharwals. Some include Talwars, Tannons, Jattchopras, Dhauns, Kakkars and Bahure also among the Khukhrans.

various other places were termed as Bahujai or Bunjahi. ~Fr [khatres] king or master of the warriors. "kine su jer khuni khatres."-manuraj. 't:R:!' [khad] Skt W~ vr eat, strike, cause trouble to somebody; n:main steady; cover. J:reBT [xad~a] A ~.Jo~ n act of scratching. 2 heart-lacerating anxiety. 3 apprehension, doubt. 't:ft!'a'T7)T [khadrana] See fl~. cre'O [khadan] excavation, pit. ltfua [khadu] Skt n plant; L Acacia Catechu. 2 Indar. 3 moon. ~ [khaderna], 1:f~)T [khaderna] v drive away. 2 chase, pursue. "bClhut kas tIh ffingahI khadera."--CClirItr 344. l:ft!ar [khadag] See c8dT 4 and 5. ~ [khadagni] that which carries bows and arrows. ~ [khaddar] n a kind of rough cotton cloth woven by the native w(~avers. ~ [khadyat], :~371 [khadyatan] Skt n that which shines (e:~ra- [dyat]) in the sky (kha); the sun. 2 fire-fly or glow-worm; an insect that glows like a spark. It is found especially in damp places. Some poets regard khadyot and the rfganjotI as identical. But they are different. The latter does not fly, it shines while crawling on the ground.. ~ [khan) Sk! <9~l vr dig up, turn up the soil, uproot, excavate. 2 n a piece, fragment. "hau tIsu vItahu khan khaniE."-maru m 4. 'I cut myself into pieces (i.e. I sacrifice myself) over him.' 3 P l:fO short form of xanah; house, dwelling place. 4 storey or floor (of a house). The Punjabi word, [khal).], is derived from it. l:fi")Cif [khanak] Skt adj digger, excavator. 2 n rat. 3 housebreaker, thief. ~ [khClnkhaniE] See Cfc'l 2. l:fOi"i' [khanan] Skt v dig, turn up the soil,

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excavate. 2 split, tear. See 1:fO vr.

-maru solhe m 1. 2 expenditure, outlay. 3 See

l:fOi'l't [khan-nil n spade, shovel. "vndh vac te

khan-ni Ie hath, takk Iagay crtav gurunath."j

-GPs.
l:fi'i'ffi [khanli] See cfoc;ft. l::fcWIt!'[khanvad] n refutation; refuting another's argument. "caudahr khanvade."-BG. 'refutaion offourteen branches ofknowledge. ' ~ [khanvaral, ~ [khanvaril adj who digs. 2 n miner. "jEse khanvara khanr khanat hanat ghan."-BG. "jy6 khanvari pavahr hira." -NP. l:Ifo [khanrl in a moment or jiffy. 2 having scraped or scratched. "kaIukh khanr utar." -saveye m 2 ke. 3 Skt n mine; a place from which metals and diamonds are extracted. 'l:ffc1tr [khanrjl substance obtained from a mine; semi-metal or precious stone. 't:I'01' [khani] dug, excavated. 2 See crfo. l:ftI' [khap] Skt ~ vr throw, cast, send, despatch. 2 Skt tWr. vr throw, destroy, ruin, strike or hit (with a weapon) lay the blame on, pull, tie. From here is formed the Punjabi word khapna or khapp. 1flfG [khapat] adj consuming, destroying. "khapat khal garjat."-kan m 5.2 ugly, hideous. 3 emaciated, weak. 4 who has the sky itself for his clothes; naked. 5 See l:fYC. l::ftIit [khapti] adj consuming. 2 n breach; split wood. l:f1.I? [khapatu] See l:f1.IC. 2 expert in knowing the state of the sky; astronomer. l:l't/C!l' [khapDa! v be destroyed. See l:ftI'. "khrma vrhuDe khaprgae."-oakar. "khrn mahr UpjE khrnr khapE."-sri Cl m 1. 2 be spent. 3 be absorbed. 4 be caught or ensnared. "brkhu mara mahr na or khapte."-bavCln. 1::f1.IO [khapat], l:fllf::r [khapatr] n destruction, annihilation. "opatr khapatr na avaD jaDi."
lcontemplating Guru Nanak Dev.

and cra3t. 4 master of the sky, the sun. 'tI1.RI" [khapatl Skt qtfu n skull; skullbone which is like a bowL 2 Sktl:fl..fubegging bowl. 3 thief. l:f1.reT [khapral n insect that eats into grains and makes them hollow; weevil. 2 Skt~ widepointed arrow. "tikhan khapre."-GPs. l:I'lM'ft [khaprali] skull-carrying woman; sorceress attendant on Durga; Durga. "hassi khaprali."- VN. l:fl.ra't [khapril carrying a skull. 2 someone holding a begging bowl. See Cjl.ffl". "khalri khapri lakri camri."-asa m 1. 'skin-clad, skull-carrier (Shaiv ascetic) stick-carrier (ascetic of the order founded by Shankracharya), deerskinclad and celibate.' ~ [khaprEll adj carrier of a wide-pointed arrow. See 'l:jl.fijT2. 2 n flat oval-shaped tiles of clay used for roofing. 'l:flllt(!T [khapauDal v destroy. 2 spend; See
crn3"

l:ftI'vr.

l:If4 [khaprl having been exhausted. "khapr

hoe kharu."-var asa. 't:f'lJC [khaputl Skt n nail of a lion. 2 See l:f1.IC. lltf [khapp 1 See 'l:f1..f. 1:Nt [khappil noisy. ~ [xafkanl, creraJTO [khaphganl See ~. }:UIiJiUxafgil n displeasure, vexation, anger. ~ [xaftanl T ~c;;::; n a sort of vest worn under the armour. l:Rm [khaphanl See <XG?). l:I6i'ft' [khaphnil See ~. ~ [xafal P ~ adj whose throat or breath has got choked. 2 displeased, annoyed. l:fi!t [xafil A j adj obscure, hidden. ~ [xafif] A ...;f adj of little weight, light. 2 a little, less, scanty. 3 of no consequence, frivolous. 4 abashed, ashamed. ~ [khaphaDl See <XG?). ~ [xabat] A .b? n fumbling, fidgeting. 2 frenzy,

P"

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madness. lm:ft [x<lbti] A adj insane, crazy. lmi3" [x<lb<lr] A j n tiding, news. 2 knowledge, understanding, comprehension. 3 information, notice. "m<lt ghal<lhu j<lm ki kh<lbri."-brla k<Jbir. 4 watch, supervision. "sfc<lnhan: ekE mali. kh<lb<lrr k<lr<ltu hE pat P<lt q.ali."-asa m 5. ):(lI~ [x<lb<lrdar] P .Jbj adj careful, alert, aetive. J:fll~ [x<lbardari] PU.Jbj n alertness, carefulness. 2 act or process of getting information. lnlfa' [kh<lb<lrr] See ClmJ. 1nl'6t [kh<lbri] n emisssary, messe:nger. 2 letter, nl~wsletter. 3 See 'I:l'a"i3". l:Ill'g [kh<lb<lru] See 'I:l'a"i3". l:Illrm [kh<lbis] A .:.d' adj impure, polJluted. 2 depraved, wicked. 3 ghost, fiend. latta [khabir] See )::f)-/'Rr. lh'V [khabbcu] adjwho can lift an object with the left hand; left-handel'. lhlH' [khabball a kind ofgrass. It has long stalks, remains green throughout the year and is relished by horses. It is grown for its greenery in gardens and playgrounds. L Cynodon Dactylon. The juice of its roots cures wounds, piles and also dropsy. 1:fl:fT [kh<lbba] Skt ~ adj left. 1:fl:fT Rw [kh<lbba sajja] adj left right. 2 good and bad. 3 here and there. l:f!!rrQ [khabhar], ~ [khabbhar] n perturbation, distress. "paryo sar<lb parIvar kh<lbharu." -GPs. 2 large scale affliction, scourge" }f)f [xam] P n curve, crook, !bend. 2 upper arm. 3 Skt that which measures the sky, an arrow. See cffi.r. }f)m [xam<ls] A ~ adj five. l:fHWo [khamsan] Pkt n affinity, relation. }flfij' [xamar] A j n wine prepared from

if?

l:ffif [kh<lmr] with an arrow. 2 of an arrow. See

C1H3. "badhIkuudhaI'IokhamI prahar."-b<Js;')t <Jm 5. 'liberated the hunter who had hurt (it) with an arrow.' J:fl-fur [x;nnir] A j' n surge, swelling. 2 fermentation ofkneade:d dough. 3 a persons's inherent nature, disposition. 4 jealousy, spite. }:f}j1.T [xamu~] P d,} a transform of xamo~. lfJfJ:r [khamos] See ):fTH-F.r. lfJfJ:It [xamo~a] P ,,)(;.j plural of xamo~; the silent ones. For example, $ahre xamosa. See J:1llfF.r'f.Rl'Q.

J:l1.frij' [xammar] A .11.7 wine [x<lmar] seller.

~rment.

See ~rr. ):f'liI"Q [xayat] A 1.!? n he who works with the thread, a tailor. 2 See l:f:il"3'. 1:fliI'I7)3' [xayanat] A. ..,::;:~ n evil intention, theft. 2 embezzlement. ~ [khayal] St~l~ fl:p~. 1::ftiI'1('i5T [khayala] See ftrnfrw. l:f1l [khayo] was wasted or destroyed. 2 confronted, resisted. "ban kaman gahe harr samuhe aI khayo."--krTs<Jn. l:f'ij' [khar] Skt n that whiich has a large cavity (kha); donkey. See 11 below. "nanak se nar asalI khar jI bInu gUD garabu karatI."-var sar m 1. 2 a demon who was Dookhan's brother. "dukhaD J khar dEt pathae."-ramav. Ram ChandaI' killed him in Dandkaban. 3 thorn. See P WOo "tJ:S khar dhare deh par yiHe so malin hE."-NP 'The lotus has thorns on its body.' 4 crow. S heron. 6 ad} sharp. "khar krrpaD k<lr g<lhi kal."-s<Jloh. 7 hot, burning. 8 merciless, hard hearted. 9 Skt a:f\ vr dissolve, melt. "baq.e bol(~e bir bar ora sam kharge." -thakur. 10 n also used for kha1 or khali "khar ko tukro hath hamare pE dharyo. "-c<JrItr 192. 11 P j ass, donkey.. 12: drumstick, plectrum, bow, blow. "sat! pai khar cami."-c;')c;li 3. 'The drum skin was struck with a drumstick.' See
lftiI' [khay]

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13 a bow for playing upon a violin. etc. 14 adj large, big. 15 rough, uneven. l:fflR' [kharas] See J:fIfuH. "l:RJCf[kharak] See l::SO[2. 2 a village under police station Barki in district Lahore. See RTfua" 2. 3 See C:RJCX ~. ~ [kharak sfgh] See ~ and 'l::SdTfi:fur. "l:RJCf ~ [kharak bhura] a village under Sunam subdivision, in tehsil and police station Narwana in Patiala state. It is near the railway station Uchana and Ghasso. Towards the east of this village, there is a gurdwara of Guru Teg Bahadur. On his way to Delhi, the Guru paid a visit to this place. This gurdwara has got donation of 150 bighas and rupees twenty-five per annum from the Patiala state. The priest is a Sikh. l::fa"OlT [kharka] See l::SC\T. "dhunr sakh bajay karyo kharka."-caQi 1. 2 derogatory term for donkey. l:Im:IW [xarxa;;a] P >:f n dispute, quarrel, wrangling. 2 fear, dread. l:ffl'1:IQT [kharkhara] P ojj Skt ~ saw-like device of metal used for grooming horses; curry comb. "kharo kharkhara kharo karata." -GPS. 'He is currying the horse nicely, while standing. ' l:RrcIT[kharag] See CSOT. "tab bnjbhu;;an kharag gahr. "-krIscm. crearfifur [kharagsfgh] a great warrior and a friend of Jarasandh. In Krishanavtar its meaning is thus explained: "kharagramyatanu garmrta sfghnad ghamsan. pac baran ko gun lryo rh bhupatr balvan." See l:Sdlfl:fur and
l:fOBTH.

rn

0Rl"fi..sr ~. J:rniitF.r [xargo;;] P J/} one with ears of an ass;

rabbit, hare. l:Rrtl' [kharae] P (;;j A &j n expenditure, outlay. 2 provisions for a journey. "kharae banu eagraiii."-sor ill 1.

leather stick, leather drumstick. "cot pai khareami."-caQi 3. 'Kettledrums were struck (beaten) with drumsticks.' See CfQ 12. 2 In old times, instead of a wooden stick, a woven leather thong of one and a half feet was used to beat a kettledrum. The stick of leather struck the kettledrum. 3 It appears that it is also a name of another musical instrument different from a kettledrum. "dE cobdamaman usat khari, khaream anek bajE jhankara."-saloh. "khaream aspi hieri ;;utri."-saloh. This proves that the musical instrument of hard leal;:, which looked like a kettledrum, was beaten while mounted on the back ofa horse, donkey, camel or elephant. 4 According to some scholars, it is a kettledrum having parchment of donkey skin. 5 skin of a donkey. 1:RffiI1-ft [khareami] with the leather drumstick. 2 on a drumstick. 3 on a large kettledrum. 4 See l:fOBTH. l:ffifu [kharer] spending. "khat kharaer kaehu totr na aVE."-ram m 5. 2 having spent. 'l:RI'H [kharaj] young one of an ass. 2 mule 3 See l;:f;rtf. 4 string producing kharaj sound (;;aQaj) (first of the seven primary notes of the Indian gamut). 5 See l:fOtf. 6 Skt ~ vr worship; give a knock; cause pain. ~ [kharjadal] hard-hearted executioner. "turak kahE kharjadal path hE."-PPP ~ [kharDa] Skt ~. n dripping, oozing. 2 flowing, seeping. 3 See tS?iT. ~ [khardara] rough, bristling, prickly. ~ [khardukhan] Skt ~ n thron-apple, by eating which a donkey dies. 2 See CfQ and
~.

l:fatJlH [khaream]

l:RJi"iT [kharna] See~. "kai janam garabh hrn

khana."-gau m 5. 2 See l:S(jT. "jo disE so kalahr khan).a."-suhi ill 5. "grasr mina vasrgat khana."-kan ill 4. "jajir biidhr karr

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khare kabir."-bhr a kabir. ~Ef [kharab1 Skt n one of the treasures of Kuber. According to Lilawati, ten times a crore is an arbud, ten times an arbud is an abaj and ten times an abaj is a kharab. In Ramayan it is stated that a thousand mahapadams equal one kharab. See Ffe:n:;rr. "lakh arab kharab dina dart"-gau m 5. 2 dwarf. 3 adj small, short. ~a;r[kharbarl M adj uneven, unequal. 2 high and low. "kharbar hoe khudi khuara."-BG. lffl8"'m') [kharbahanl, ~ [kharbahanI], l::fiW<.Jo't [kharbahnil one who rides a donkey; goddess Sitla, the donkeyrider. "kharbahan uh char uqavE. "-gSc;l namdev. 2 goddess Sitla who rides a donkey. lffl~ [kharbarul See ~. 2 Skt ffl marshmelon. "kharbaru khira."-BG. l:fa~ [kharbujal P ~;i.} Its pronunciation as xurpuzah is also correct. Skt l:ffH", ~ and -eJ~ marshmelon. It is an autumn crop and grows on a creeper. Its effect is hot and moist. Marshmelons from Balochistan and Egypt are very sweet. sarda from Kabul also belongs to this genus. lfil~ [kharbharl, [kharbhari] n di:sturbance, confusion, perplexity. ";'idh dhUdh jag kharbhar paryo."-GPS. "kehan gal'jan te jyo kari. hal poj taddapI kharbhari."--NP. 2 noise, tumult. 1:RIlffl3t[xarmasti] P ~} n unrestrained joy like that of a donkey; horseplay. 2 overt lewdness, lasciviousness. lfalroa-r [kharmohra] P yt7 n cowrie, cyproea moneta. lfa'5 [kharal1 a caste of Muslims inhabiting chiefly the district of Jhang. 2 a subcaste of Rajputs. 3 Skt ~ boat-shaped stone vessel in which antimony and drugs are powdered; mortar. Mortars manufactured in Gaya are of excellent quality and are priced from eight

em

annas to two thousand rupees.

~ [kharvahan], CI~fuol [kharvahmi]
~.

See

CfOSm

[kharvar1 l:~ See l:fatITH. "satt pai kharvar kau."-cac;li 3. 2 See ~. 3 Skt ~. ass load. P .If,] In Kashmir, load oftwo standard maundls and three seers is called a kharvar. ~ [kharvara] See: l::R'~. l:fa'3' [harar1 n rattling or clattering sound. 2 rough hemp cIloth used for loading grain on the bullock cart etc. 3 a major city of a tehsil ofAmbala district. 1:RJT [khara] adj very much, excessive. "tu mE khara pIara."-d'hana m 1. "ae khare kathIn jam kakar."-bxha chat m 5. very stern. 2 unadulterated" pure, absolutely pure. "khote kau khara kahE, khClre sal' na janE."-gau a m 1. 3 genuine. 4 honest, sincere. 5 standing, steady. ";'it ki bar ko kh;)ra na hosi." -sor m 5. 1:RJll1 [kharas] n rough mill; large flour mill which is worked by a bull or some other source of energy. 2 P J,j bruise, scraping. ~ [xarar;;idan] P (;)-"c,j v scrape, lacerate. ~ [kharas:Jda] See 'iji]$Ci(ie'. ~ [kharahat] a village under police station Tibbi in tehsil Pakpatan district Montgomery. It is twelve miles to the south-east ofPakpatan railway station. There is a gurdwara of Guru Nanak Dev. Th(~ priest is an Udasi Sikh. i:RfTii [kharaj] Ai;,') n act of pressing or taking out; tax, tribute, impost, revenue. See f'tfor;:r. l:RI"Q [xarat], J:RJr,:!" [xarad] A 1,1} P JI} n act of peeling or scraping. 2 turner's lathe, that turns objects of metal and wood into round pieces. }::I"ijT8"[xarab] A ",:""j adjbarren, desolate. 2 bad, worthless. J:ffi'1it [xarabi] P ~jj destruction, desolation. 2 evil. l:ffiI1iI"3" [kharayatJI alms. See ~. "ketIk det

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crv:

l:fl?[khal] Skl<?fff., vr gather, collect, move. shake. 2 n threshing floor. "IE taguli khal damn jya ~ [khdrav] n wooden sandal. "deI khdrav ndbh bie uc;lai."-krrsan. 3 See l:fOC? 4 earth. sdddn ko mora. "-NP S residue of mustard seeds etc when most of 'l:ffu>,rr [khdrra] See l:RfOT and CS7iT. 2 See cSlrr. the oil has been extracted; oilcake. 'l:ffit [khdri] feminine of khdra. "rdsna hdrrjds 6 that which disappears into the sky, the sun. 7 that which has the sky coloured, tarnal tree gavE khdri suhavI).i."-var sor m 4. "VIC sahUrrE khdri sohadi."-sri eMt m 4.2 SkI feminine of (xanthochymus pictorius). 8 adjwicked, base, vile. "khdl murakh te pac;lIt karbo."-sar kabir. khdr, she-ass. 3 adj relating to or concerning an ass. "dspi ~utri bdjdt dsekha. pH khdri mbdt 9 cruel, pitiless. 10 See 1::l'c? nalu lekha."-saloh. 'The kettledrums laden l:fffiJli5" [khalhal], ~ [khalhdluJ n fluster, dread, distress. "dII khdlhdlu jakE jdrdd ru bani." on horses, camels, elephants and asses are -bher kabir. 'One whose mind is agitated, is being sounded. ' l:fl>>fT [khdria] See cSlrr. pale in the face.' 2 See C:I"l?C? ~ [xdrita] A J"j n pouch, purse (of leather lfflUTO [khdlhan], 'l:fffiJTQ [khdlhanuJ See l:fl? 2. P fuoHo. "bInu kdI). khdlhanu jEse gahdn pan." etc) 2 envelope or bag in which a despatch is -bher m 5. See l:fft;mrn. sent. 3 formal royal letter. lfli5Cr [xdldk] A n God's creation, the universe. l:Rire" [xdrid] P ~.7 n purchase. "khaIIk khalak, khdlak mahI khaIIk."-prabha ~[khdridI).a],~[khdridna] P t,;}..J:.j buy, kabir. 2 create, make. purchase. SkI SFITOT "mullkharidi lala gola." l:fli5q3" [khalkat] A ~ n world~ universe. -marum I. ~ [khdlkhac;ldk], ~ [khalkhac;ldn] adj ~ [xarif] A .....fl.7 n autumn harvest. destroyer of the wicked. 2 n sword-sanama. l::/9 [kharu] See ~. 2 SkI adj stupid. 3 cruel. 4 covetous, greedy. S n tooth. 6 horse. 7 Shiv. ~ [khdlkhac;lniJ adj female destroyer of the wicked. 2 n sword-sanama. 3 army 8 Kamdev. 9 egotism. equipped with swords-sanama. ~;:r [xaruj] A '(:;,j sense of coming out; There is a city named Khalaj emerging. "namkkia khdruj."-mago. See l::fTfut:r. l:ffifft [xdlji] A in Afghanistan and this noun relates to that [khdrudJ n horseplay, rowdyism. place. Jalaluddin of this clan was a famous cffi' [khdre] See l:fOT, l:RfOT and CS7iT. emperor of Delhi. The Khalji dynasty ruled ~ [kharekhdroe] adv standing on guard; over India from 1290 to 1320 AD. military guard on duty. 2 while standing. "kharekh3roe bEthat uthat mardg pathI 1:fli57j [khdlanJ See "R"l::ffiO. 2 stand up, halt. 3 to the wicked 4 the wicked (nominative dhIavEgo."-kan am 4. case). ~ [khdroa] stood. See ~.
See~.

phdkir khdraYdt."-NP. l:RJTfu [khdrarr], 1::RJTeT [khdrari] Ram, the enemy of demon Khar. See ~. 2 thorn-apple, eating of which causes a donkey to die. 1:RI"'"5 [khdral] See ~ 3. "cuna sukhdm pis khdrale."-GPS. 'in the mortar.' l:RJl't [khdrale] with the mortar. 2 in the mortar.

~ [Xdro~]

P J,j n noise, clamour, hue and

cry.
~ [xaro~idan] P t,;},K,j v make a noise. ~ [kharotJ See~. "khare kharot su dalgdn

hare."-GPS.

l:fW [kharha]

See~.

:f

!'

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[xalafl A ...;.Ib adj one who follows; a follower. 2 successor, heir. 3 n progeny, posterity. 4 son; male offspring. 1:fliI5~ [khalmarak] adj killer of the wicked. 2 n sword.-sallama. 1:fliI5~[khalmurakh] vile and foolish. See CfC') 8. 1:fliI5QT [khalra], ~ [khalri] See Cf(\)3T-l,m;IT. 2 leather strap worn round the neck by the devotees ofSakhi Sarvar from which a walking stick keeps hanging. "khuQi khalra gal mahI dharo."-GPs. ):Ri}"!'? [xalal] A JL7 n interruption, restriction. 2 impediment. 3 defect, drawback. "khalal m:jdal paryo svami."-saloh. l:ffi~ [khalvaIa] v got stood up. "bhagta agE khalvaIa."-var vacj m 4. 2 fed; made someone eat food. l:ffietQT [khalvara], ~ [khalvara] enclosure for stacking unthreshed corn; threshing floor. S~:e CfC') 2. mound of grains. "kheti jIll ki ujrE khalvarE kra thau?"-var sar m 1. "sabh kUrE ke khdlvare."-nata m 4. l:((?;;rr [khalra], 1:fliI5;ff [khalri] n skin, hide. See l:fCii. 2 leather bag. "bhdU tera bhag khdlri mera cit."-tIlag m 1. 3 adj See l:ft.fcit. "khdlri khapri ldlqi camri."-asa m 1. l:fliSl' [khala] adj standing. "sajallu sabhkE m:kdtr khala."-ram chat m 5. 2 plural of khd!. "se apavItr dmedh khala."-var ge)U 1 m 4. See CfC') 8. 3 See cffi". lffi"rJ1 [khalas] A r./v.;. adj unfettered, free, liberated. "dargahI hOI khalas."-sar m 5. "kahI rdvrdas kh;:llas c;:lmara."--gau. lffi1W [kh;:llasa] See 1::fWJ1 and 1j(?'W. l:fl?lm [khalasiJ P ifv.;. n releas~~, liberation, deliverance. "tIsu bh;:li kh;:llasi hoi s;:lgal sIdhr."-gauam 5.2 employee on a ship who unties the ship from the anchor. 3 tent pitcher. lffi1lJ [kh;:llasu] See 'l:fWFf. "jIn k) sadhu bhetiE so d;:lrg;:lh hOI kh;:llasu."-majh barahmaha.

J=niIl~

[khalaph;:lt] rank of a caliph; caliphate. 2 duty of a caliph. SI~e lffilGr. ~ [kh;:llavna] v feed. "kh;:llaVE bhoj;:ln." -dhalla m 5. l:ffl.I [kh;:llr] Skt n n~sidue of sesame and mustard seeds etc after the oill has been extracted; oil cake. "na kh;:llr bh;:li na tel."-s k<Jbir. kh<Jl and kh<Jlr are both genuine Sanskrit words. 2 See 1:R? l::Ifl;p,rr [khaIIa] standing, erect. 2 adv while standing. '''SOV;:lt bES;:lt kh;:llra. "-suhi chat m 5. ~ [kh;:llran] See ~~ 2 and l::ffffiJro. 1::ffli5fu[kh;:llI-I] advafter standing up. "khalr-I kicE ardasr."-var maru 1 m 2. l:ffiruro [khalrhan] See l:fl'? 2. 2 Skt 1ff1;ro1 multitude ofthreshing floors. crfi;mtfo [khalrhanr] on the threshing floor. "koi vahe ko lUQ.e ko pae khal:chanr. "-var bIla m 1. crrna- [khaIIt] Se~: RClf1?'o. <ffit [kh;:lli] See l::I'~5' 2 and l:ffl.I. 2 adj stood up. "hath jop: kh;:lli sabIn hoi."-var bIha m 4. 3 Skt n that whiich is hidden in the buccal cavity; curved bit ofa bridle. [xalik] A ~ adj good-natured. l:flofur [xalij] A rff n part of the land that has indented into the sea. It has land on three sides and sea on one; bay. 2 small ship. ~ [khalita] See l::R"i'\3T. ~ [khaliti] small bag. "riti ram nam te rahi jJ bIn kam, l:J ye kharrj kharab hal khal ki khaliti hE."-gval. See lffu"r. ~ [xalifa] A --,:~b This word is derived from xalaf, which means to leave behind. i.e. to appoint someone as a representative for the period of one's absence. The heads of Islam and the successors who reigned and preached their religiof! aftl~r the demise of Mohammad, were called xalifa; caliph.! To begin with, the
I'Caliph' also means a leader. In the Koran, the word 'Caliph' has been used for Adam and David. See Koran.
surat 2 ay<Jt 28 and surat 38, ayat 25.

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caliphs belonged to Mecca of whom four were prominent: (I) hI Abu Sakal'. He became caliph Rasul Allah (that is, the vice regent of Mohammad, the apostle ofGod) in Hijri II at the age of60. He was father of Mohammad's wife Aysha. He remained caliph for two and a quarter years and died in Madina on 23'd August 634 AD. (2) Umar, son of Khattab, was installed as caliph in Hijri 13. He was father of Hafsa, third wife of Mohammad. His title was Amirul Mominin. He conquered Persia and Egypt. He razed the world-famous library ofAlexandria thinking that ifthe said library contained some books against the Koran then there was no use to keep them and if they were in accordance with the Koran then their content was already there and therefore, there was no use keeping them intact. He captured Jerusalem and constructed a mosque there which is, till date, named after him. He made laws according to the Islamic principles. He was fatally injured with a dagger by Firoz, a Persian slave, on November 3,644 AD while reciting his morning prayer (mrnaz) in the mosque only to die three days after. (3) (;}tY Usman, son of Affan. He was appointed the caliph in Hijri 24. He was husband of two of Mohammad daughters, namely Rukiah and Ummukulsum. He was assassinated by Abu Bakar's son Mohammad, at Madina on 30 th June 665 AD. (4) J Ali was son ofAbutalib and husband of Mohammad's daughter Fatima. He was born in 599 AD. He was installed the fourth caliph but was forced to give up his caliphate after five years. He was injured with a poisoned sword by Abdul' Rahman, at Kufa and died four days later in 661 AD. His tomb

in the city of Najaf is a famous place of pilgrimage for the Muslims. Imam Ali had 18 sons and 18 daughters in all. Among them were three sons Hasan, Hussain and Muhsin from Mohammad's daughter Fatima. All of these four caliphs are famous as Charyar, that is four comrades or friends. The fifth caliph, Hasan, son ofAli, reigned for six months only. After him there were 14 caliphs who ruled over Damascus from 661 AD to 749 AD. Then, the caliphate passed on to the rulers of Baghdad and it remained with them from 750 AD to 1258 AD. After that the caliphate came under the control ofthe Turkish kings. On November 12,1922, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey deposed Sultan Wahiddudin from the caliphate and installed Abdul Majid as the new caliph but deprived him of the all authority. He was reduced to a mere religious figure head. In March 1924, the office ofthe caliph was totally abolished. Besides the above-mentioned caliphs, many Arabic, Egyptian, Persian and Turkish kings have, in the past, been posing themselves as independent caliphs and some are so called even now. The ruler of Delhi, Alauddin Khalji and the Mughal emperor Akbar used to term themselves as Khalifa (caliph). That is why the capital city was known as Dar-ulKhilafat. The Sunni Muslims believe that a caliph can be from no other caste except that of the Quraish family. According to the Shiah Muslims, it is proper for a caliph to be only from the family ofAli. l:R'fur [khalir] n performer, player. 2 acrobat, gymnast. 3 jester, mimic, buffoon. ~ [xalil] A ~ true friend. "Ihbrahim khdlil

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pagabar."-GPS. ~~ [xaIiI xa] name of a military officer in Shah lahan's army, who commanded five thousand soldiers. See ~ 5. ~ [khalu] SkI' part question. 2 negation, refutation. 3 reason, cause. 4 certainly, doubtlessly. "In dutan khalu badhukdn mano."-jet ravrdas. ~i'W[khaloa],~[khalOIara], l:fffiJr[khaloha], ~8r[khalota] stood up, halted. "mkatI khaIOIara mera sajanra."-ram ch:'it m 5. "vIeI kartapurakhu khaloa."-sor m 5. "agE aI khaloha."-var ram 2 m 5.2 on the threshing floor. "khatI sarin jo bijiE so atI khaloa aI."sava m 3. 'Whatever is sown in the field comes to the threshing floor.' ~~ [khalovna] See ~. ~;[khall] Skt11fffi n pit. 2 rain bird, pied cuckoo. 3 leather water bag, bellows. "bhau khala aganI td'P hu."-japu. 4 leather, hide. 5 Skt ~ stone or metal vessel for grinding drugs; mortar. ~i'Q [xallak] A J!Y adj the Creator. See ~. lffit [khalli] convulsions. This ailment results from the affliction of the body by windy humour. The muscles ofthe arms and the calfs gl~t tense and the patient suffers from cramps. During cholera it is very painfuL Massaging the body with narayal)i oil and intake ofmuscletonics are useful to cure this disease. 2 swelling of glands in the groin due to some boil or wound. ~f [khallu] See ch:>. 2 one who skins an animal; skinner. 3 of the skin. "meri khallum:>jre gursIkkhha4hade."-BG. ~: [khav] See ~. ~:c!' [khavcl1).], ~ [khavl.).a], w~ [khaval.).u] v bear, tolerate. "prabh das ka dukhu na khavISakahI."-var guj 2 m 5. "nidak sakat khav na sakE."-basat am 4. "nIVaI.).U su akharu

t-

khaval.).u gul.).u."--s farid. See rn. "khave na vaJ1anI."--var gu;2 m 5. 'cannot be tolerated.' "eku bol bhi khcl'vto nahi."-asa m 5. 'Even a single utterance could not be tolerated.' 2 pardon, forgive. 3 dissolve, merge. "avatal.).u ape khaVE dudh kau khapal.). na deI. "-sri d m 1. l:fVl7iTor [khavlana] v feed. "jo bijE so khavlavEgo. "-kan dill 4. ~ [khavas] A ul} n plural of J:fTR [xas]; ministers, grandies etc, royal servants. 2 special qualilties. 3 A ~n;" lion. 4 slave. S dacoit, plunderer. "kine kharab khane khavas."-aj. 6 P ~fl} adjpetitioner, supplicator. ~ [khavasi] P ttl} duty of an attendant. "narad sarad karalu khavasi." -asa kabir. 2 backseat of a buggy, ,chariot or howdah of an elephant etc for the servant to sit in attendance, behiind the noble man. 3 grandies, distinguished or favourite attendants. "kIa laskar kIa neb khavasi?"-var majh m 1. ~ [khavaIl.).aj! v feed, provide food. "es no kur bolI In khavaIiE?"--var guj 1 m 3. l:Ifu [khan] See 1:~. 2 having tolerated. ~ [khavi] n talI and rough grass which, like reed stalk, has a small ear at its top. ~ [khavis], Cj,furcft [khavisni] djinn, ogre, ogress. "khavisni pIsacni bItal bir bhnvi."

-pp
[xavid] P ~:j n wheat or barley plant on which the ear has not appeared yet. 1::f& [khavin] See ~. ~ [khavhi] See ~. lS' [khar] or ~. [kharu] See 1::SC')T. 2 Skt m paddy straw. "kharu khavahI amnt dehI." -guj m 1. S~' residue of pressed mustard seed etc; oil cake. 3 crop. "kharu paki kur bhajE bInS,"--sri m 1 pahrre. 4 Skt lSTZ, six. "dharal.).I suvani khar ratan jaravi."-gau var 2 m 5. Here khar has a pun: 'The earth decorated with different kinds of gem-like grass,
~

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becomes comely after having been equipped Sammat 1860 and ascended the throne of with spiritual glory.' Lahore in Sammat 1896; but wily Dhyan Singh ~ [kharasanI) will take away. "avgal). Dogra dethroned him and put Naunihal Singh, kharsanI banI. "-sri m 1 pahIre. Kharag Singh's son, on the throne. Having ~ [kharhar) n knocking or clattering sound. remained grief-stricken for one year, Kharag l:j"3'q [kharak) See ~. 2 a village which Bhai Singh died at the age of 38 years, on 21 51 of Santokh Singh has referred to as Kharak. It is Kattak Sammat 1897. situated at a distance of twelve kohs towards ~ [kharagdhari) adj sword-bearing. 2 n the south of Dhamdhan. While travelling Khalsa; the sword-bearer. 3 the Timeless One. through Bangar, Guru Teg Bahadur halted here ~ [kharagdhvaj) the Timeless One, whose under a banyan tree. "kharak gram nIygrodh I standard has the emblem a sword. vIsala. tahi'i jaI <;leTa guru <;lala."-GPs. l:GCIIO't[kharagni) Skt~troops armed with l:j"3'q fl:fur [kharak SIgh1See C:RJ01fRur and l:SdTfl::fur. swords.-sanama. 2 See CflJd'aW. ~ [kharagpal).I) one who has a sword in l:faW[kharka), crscg [kharaku) n knocking noise, hand; community of the duly baptised Sikhs. tap. "ghughar kharaku tI agI VI sure."-ram m 2 the Timeless One, God. "kharagpal).I khaldal 5. 2 fear, apprehension, trepidation. "haumE balharna. "-gyan. adan kharaku hE."-var vaQ m 3. l:f;'J(Jft [khargi) Skt ~,adj swordsman. 2 n 1:fflCIf [kharag) Skt ~ n that which cuts. See duly baptised Sikh; the community of baptised em: vr sword. According to Dhanurved (miltary Sikhs. 3 rhinoceros, having a (sword like) horn science), a sword should be four fingers wide on its nose. 4 Skt ~ female rhinoceros. and fifty fingers long. Thirty-two methods of ~ [khargul).) Skt ~ See ~ 3 and brandishing a sword have been defined. "aSI ~ J:!ifu" ~ ch 69. 2 produce, nurture, knpan kM<;lo kharag sEph teg tarvar. racch bring up, devastate, reward or punish suitably karo hamri sada kavditak karvar."-sanama. for a consequent action, pardon, forgive, 2 Macro Time as the supreme destroyer of excuse, be competent. "khargul). isvar pOn atul the world. "namaskar sri kharag ko."-VN. bal."-dIlip. "kharag god mE tum ko payo."-GV 10.3 horn ~[kharga]Skt~ See~. "kharga asekh of a rhinoceros. 4 rhinoceros. vIdya vIsekh."-datt. 2 See 1:fflCIf. l:f3OIffiur [kharagsfgh) a warrior mentioned in lfflH [kharajJ Skt ~ n the first note of the Krishanavtar, a part of Dasam Granth. He was musical scale which originates from six places friend of J arasandh and several times defeated viz nose, throat, chest, palate, tongue and teeth. Krishan and other commanders, but, at last he This musical note is produced with the help of was killed through deception. "tIh bhupatI ko these six parts ofthe body.21n musicology, its mItr Ikk kharagsfgh tIh nam. pEre samar origin is traced to the sound of a peacock. samudr bahu maharathi baldham." ~ [khartal) See ~. 2 See ~. -knsan. See l:fOdTfi:fur and d'RI"fi..sr mR". 2 eldest ~ [khardOm] adj having its tail raised; son ofMaharaja Ranjit Singh, the lion ofPunjab, mischievous, roguish; (an animal) driven into from Maharani Datar Kaur. He was born in 2'lffii 9iU6~{("<1I<j)~ GrClT"-,,-\~:
'ny;:Jgrodh, boh;:Jf, V;:Jt.
~: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~:-sagitdamod;:JT.

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excitement or fury. 2 n uproar, furore. lfflC)T [khdrna] v take away. "dVgdl). khdrSdnI banI."-sri m 1 palure. 2 stand. "ghdrI dpanrE khari taka." -suhi chat m 1. 3 steal, abduct. 'tl;fIlir [kharpEC] sixth among five village headmen i.e. self-styled chief; presumptuous person; one who pokes his nose . lffl"!r.f [kharbhar] See ~. "kharbhar bi1'a." -suraj. 'tffliffiO [khar1'atan] See cr;r 4. l:S" [khara] ad; standing. "khara puka1'E patl).i." --s farid. l:S"~ [kharaG] n wooden sandal. According to an article in Aangiras Simriti, "A king would get the feet of a person other than Agnihotri and Tapasvi chopped off, if he dared to walk beyond five houses from his home with wooden sandals on his feet." See ~or 51. l:f:j'i~ [kharas-hari] Skt lSki~I$IR,\ n the ruler, who collects one sixth ofthe produce from his subjects. In ancienttimes, the king used to get one sixth share of all kinds of produce from his people. l:S"oo [kharamn] See ~. If;f~ [khararu] adj who takes away. "kal khararu ae."-vaQ m 1 alalwi. 'The messengers of death came down to take him along. ' Chanting of this line as "kal khara mae" is incorrect. 'l:ff::r [khafI] adv by carrying away, by taking along with. "kharI da1'gahI pEnaiE."-sri m 1.
St~e l::l;RlT.

~[kharOl).a], l:f;~[kharovl).a] v stand. "apI

kharovahT apT kClr."--var suhi m 1.

l;f;far [kharag] Skt 1~ See ~.

~ [kharagyog] Instead of eight, six kinds

l:ffll1>mR [khariasI] will carry away. "bIn bujhe

sabh khariasI badhI."-basat m 1. See 1:f;ror.
'l:f;fl>w [kharia] n a kind of white soil; chalk.

2 adj who takes away. [kharu] See cr;r. l:f3'ffiit [khares1'i] n an ascetic or hermit, who remains standing day and night, never to sit or sleep.
~

ofYog are described iin Daksh Simriti: p1'al).ayam - a system of breathing exercise and regulating respiration; ~ [dhyan] concentration; pratyaha1'-control over senses; dha1'l).a - concept; ta1'ak -logic; and sClmadhI deep meditation. Yog c:omprisingthese six kinds is called kharagyog. 2 six actions ofYog, which form its various practice:s. See C:fZ qo}f 2. 1:fT [kha] short form of khadnakuru. v eat. 1:jT [xa] short for J:r7l (xan). See 1::f17i. lf1' [khau] adj gluttonous. 2 one who swallows another's wealth. 3 corrupt. 'I:fTfu [khaI] eats. "bhogi hOVE khaI."-suhi m 1. 2 tolerates, endures. "muhe muhI pal).a khaI."-var asa. 3 adv by eating, by making one eat. "mata pritI ka1'e putu khaI." -gau m 4. 4 after eating. "khaI khaI ka1'E badphdI."-majh m 5. ~ [khan] ate. "gharI gharI khaIa pfQu vadhaIa,,"-guj trrlocan. 2 decayed. 3 finished. "so dia na jai khaIa."-sor kabir. 4 P =-(; ovary, scrotum. "te1'e patI ke das khae."-carItr 43. 5 egg. ~Hoc!r[khaJ:a mam)a] v feel obliged, feel indebted. "kahI2l sUl)lah:[ na khaIa manahI." -basatm 1. l:fTfuor [HaIk], crrf~r<3 [khaIku] P ....f(; n grasshopper, wiinged insect. 2 Skt ~ garrulous "je ko khaIku akhal).I paI."-japu. "thau nahi khaJ:ka."-var sri m 1. 3 glutton, voracious eater. l:fTfirc!' [kha:cl).] Ski ~ n act of eating, process ofeating. 2 victuals, food. "amrI t1'asu khaIl).." -val' ram 2 m 5.. ~ [khai] ate, consumed. "bIkhE thagauri jInI janI khai."-gau m 5. 2 n trench dug around a

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fort containing water so that the enemy might not get across it. "l~ka sa kat saillud si khai." -asa kdbir. 3 one that consumes - desire. "lahbar bhujhi khai."-asa ill 5. See~. l:(TFf[khas] A Lf(; adj chief, principal, the elected one. 2 P J'i1i n desire, need. "kIsi vastu ki khas lld rahi."-GPS. l:f'W [khasa] will eat. "jEsa bijahI tEsa khasa." -g<JU ill 5. 2 na special sedan chair for the rich; palanquin; kiosk-like seat for a holy scripture. "khase ko ucvaI calehE."-GPS. 3 P ..-"(; a kind of fine muslin. 4 adj superior, excellent, ofgood quality. "jIssnpau pan gaii khasa he. "-maru solhe m 5. 5 free from disease, healthy. 6 A n nature, temperament. l:fiJ:rr [khasa] See m. 't:fTfmiI3" [khsIydt] A ..::.d-'(; qual ity, important matter. 2 habit, nature. 3 special effect, after effect. 1:fTJ:ft [khiisi] a disease. Skt ~T and '!'"ffi, J~ cough. This ailment is caused by taking sour or acerbic food in excess, drinking cold water immediately after consuming hot substances, inhaling dust and smoke through nostrils, eating dry, unseasoned and stale food and dwelling in filthy and damp places. A patient, disabled by a chronic disease suffers from cough due to sudden exposure to the cold. There is a Punjabi proverb. "Root cause of all diseases is khasi (cough); bone of contention of all quarrels is Hansi (a place)." The sound released from the throat of a cough patient is just like that caused by a broken bronze utensil; the chest gets strained, respiratory pipes are choked with phlegm, there is a thorny feeling in the throat and on the tongue; the patient has headache, feels no hunger. There are many causes and types of cough. It must be got treated from a properly experienced and well-qualified physician. However the common treatment is as follows: (1) licking the extract of green leaves of bamboo soaked in honey. (2) swallowing the berry-sized ball of a mixture by equal weight of roots of liquorice (glycyrrhiza glabra), bark of myrobalan (torminalia balerica), starch, tragacauth gum and lump sugar. (3) licking the extract offresh ginger mixed with honey. (4) making small balls (weighing about a rarti each) of the crushed mixture of black pepper, opium, lump sugar, catechu, arabic gum (one masha each) and taking one such ball with warm water in the morning as well as at the time of going to sleep. I ~ [khasiyat] See l:fTfR1E. l:fTfu [khahI] eats. "k~ni sutak k~n pE laItbari khahI."-var asa. backbites. 2 See 'I:f{T. lfTfuR" [khahIs] See ~. l:fTtit [khahi] adj (one) who eats. "juga jug~tarI khahi khahI."-jdpU. 2 desirous, ambitious. J:ITiir [xak] P J(; n dust, grit, ashes. "tere cakra pakhak."-trlJg m 1. 2 earth, land. l:j'aiil'C!o' [khakchal)na] v trudge a dusty path. 2 tolerate insult, search for wealth. "kauc;li kauc;li kau khak SIr chanE."-ram m 5. ~ [xaktoda] P ~)jiJ~ n dump ofearth, used as a target for arrows to be shot at. A thin mudwall is erected in front of the heap that is filled with fine and dry soil. The extent to which the arrow2 penetrates the wall, indicates the strength of the archer. "kdryo khaktoda sudhraI."-GPS. ~lf [xakrob] P "':"'))~ n one who sweeps away dirt, dust etc; sweeper, scavenger.
IThis medication should not be administered to the children.
2See~.

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sketch: plan, outline map. wf~ [xakIst~r] P7~ 17 ash, calx (of metals). J:fl1sft [xaki] P J'(; adj made of dust; made of earth. 2 dust-coloured, greyish brown. 3 17 a S(~ct of ascetics, members of which rub ashes on their body. This sect desce:nds from Kil -the disciple of Krishan Dass. ):f'i:iP?fT [xakia] plural of '.l:f'oit [xaki]; people, persons, populace. "I:j1'i~ [khaku] See cpq. "khaku loreda tanIkhe." -var maru 2 m 5. "I:j1'i~ [khaku] the vowel [u] pronounced whh cpq [khak] is indicative of genitive; pertaining to l:lTCX [khak]; of cpq [khak]. "kh:m rmhJ: rulta khaku na1I."-g5t;i ill 5. 2 adj made of ash. "khaku khak ra1."-brla am 1. 3 17 earth, See J:1iTa'2. "khaku jeq,u na koI."-s brid. l:f1l:f [khakh] 17 meeting point of the two lips. 2 See cpq; the corner of two lips. l:fICIT [khag] See ~. 2 arrow, (which moves through the sky). "chutgayo sarap sam jaI lag. j;)ttu bhujan ke bic khag."-GPS. l:fIm [khaci] See 1::ffu3". l:fIR'[khajJ or1:f'B' [khaju] SkI l::fTeJfn food, victuals, meals. "khaju ho murdaru."--var sar m 1. "jmahu akhaj khaj 1akh pae."-GPS. 2 SkI l:ftf itch. ~ prurigo. Psoriasis is caused by remaining unclean, not taking fully cooked dean diet, indigestion, hepatic (liver) diseases, stoppage of menses etc. Whenever there is an impurity in the blood due to any ofthe above causes, scabies appear on our body. The best treatment for this ailment is to keep the body clean, constantly to take blood-purifying medicines. Take five mashas each of IJItpapra, caraIta (blood-purifYing drug made from a plant (ophelia chirretta), muq,i buti, cItta canal). (white sandalwood-santalum album), choti harar (a medicated nut-myroba1an) and also seven grains of fruit of jujube; put this

J:fl1i{T [xaka] P .J(; 17

mixture in one and a quarter pau of water, to keep it soaked over night. Filter the mixture in the morning and drink with two tolas ofjujube syrup. Avoid intake of acerbic food, red chillies, wine etc. Apply such conditioners on the body as a massage to keep the skin soft. l:f1W [khaja] See 1:f'H 1. 'l::f'fi:ro [khajIn] A (:};(; adj who accumulates. 2 17 treasurer. l:fIti'IfoIT [khajinia] treasurer, holyman, hermit. See l:f'ft:ro.. "sacu teTe khajinIa."-suhi m 5. l:fItf [khaju] See 1:f'H. crff [khajEl should be eaten. "de khajE akhI gavaiE."-var asa. 'VVe should eat whatever is provided by God. One loses when he claims himself to be a giver.' 2 We should share food with oth(~rs without assuming ourselves to be charitable Le. we should not boast ofdonation. l::fl'G [khat:! SkI lf~ cot, bedstead. See E cot. "khat magau caupaL"-sor kabir. l::f1'G<! [kha~al).l, l:lTC?l [khatan] v earn, get profit. "khatal). kau harr han: rojgar."-dhana m 5. "dhan khatan kijE brdhI run."-NP 't:fTfG [khatI] 17 earning, profit, gain. "vaq,bhagi dhan khatI."-sri m 5.;~ adv by earning. "mai khatI aw ghan puta."-guj m 5.3 SkIn bier, hearse, funeral pyre. 1f"feti' [khatIo] earned, gained. "ramratanu dhanu khatIo."'-tot;ii ill 5. 't:fTfG ~t [khat:c khatuli] after making profit, after earning. "kaha karahI re, khatI khatu1i." -sar m 5. 'l::f'Gl [khati] eamed. "namraSI sadh sagI khati."-gau ill 5. 2 adj sour, pungent. 3 bitter. "jsa amrItu tEsi bIkh khati."-sukhmani. "gurprasadI anuItu brkh khati."-gau m 5. l:flit ful:f [khati bIkh] 17 wine, liquor. 2 strong poison, bitter venom. l:fI?ffi'[khatuli] S~:e l::f'f~l:l'?"ffi. 2 small cot, cradle.

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3 molasses. 4 adj sugary. khate."-dh;ma m 5. W [khaQa] See ~. If'iar [khatag] Skt b~1T See CfCnfar. "tIlak l:fTit [khaQi] n gulf, bay; portion of the sea khat5ga."-kan m 5. consecration mark on six surrounded by land on three sides. parts ofthe body i.e. forehead, both ears, both ~ [khaQUfu] See ~~. "phen vasaIa arms and chest. In some scriptures pherUaI).I satIgurr khaQuru."-var ram 3. consecration mark is applied on twelve parts ~ [khaQyo] broke to pieces, broke into of the body. See arafcr ~. fragments. "bhagvan akhaQan khaQyo." 'l::fTiI [khaQ], ~ [khaQ] SktW6 n sweet material -krIscm. made from sugarcane juice; sugar; white sugar. l:f1<!" [khaI).], or ~ [khaI).u] See ~. "dIta "khir khaQ ghiu na bhavE."-bhcr namdev. pmaI).U khaI).u."-sor m 5. 2 See cffo. "harr hE khaQ ret mahI b I khri."-s kabir. 'l:fl'C!T [khaI).a] v take meals, eat. "khaI).a piI).a 2 ditch, trench. pavItr hr."-var asa. 2 n food, meals, edibles. ~[khaQav], ~ [khaQavvan] Skt~ n lfTfc!" [khaI).I], 1::f"it [khaI).i] n mine, mineral per Kalika Puran and Padam Puran, a forest deposits. 2 macroscopic classification of biological evolution. "teria khaI).i teria baI).i." redeveloped by the ruler of Kashi (Kashiraj) -majh a m 3. "aQaj jeraj utbhuj setaj tere kite after the destruction ofKhandvi town. He did this as desired by the deities. The forest was jata."-sor m 1. situated near Indarprasth (old Delhi) on the ~ [khaI).u] See ~. bank of river Yamuna.! This was a favourite l:fIO[khat] eating, taking meals. "harrras bhojan khat."-bIla m 5. 2 Skt n pit, ditch. "dunia forest of Jndar. There is a tale in Mahabharat labu paIa khat adarr."-maru m 5 {ijulia. that once the sun god was down with indigestion. As a treatment it was suggested ~ manure, fertilizer. that ifhe gulped the herbs ofKhandavvan, he l:fl3HT [khatma] A .--tl., n end. would be relieved of indigestion. So he started l:fI3"a" [khatar] See ~. eating the forest, then Indar extinguished the 'l:fT3"6tIW [khatarjama] See ~. flames by pouring torrential rains. Ultimately l:fI3T [khata] eating, taking meals. "harrras bhojan khata."-dev m 5. "sabhI dokhahI Arjun came to rescue the sun. The god offire khata."-g;:w var 2 m 5. 2 n pit, ditch. was pleased with Arjun and presented him a "manmukhI dukhu khata."-var guj 1 m 3. bow named Gandeev with the help of which 3 trader's ledger; diary. 4 ledger folio. he made a shelter of arrows that protected the sun from the effect of heavy rains. Arjun 'l::fTftrn [khatIm] A (l,; adj who finishes, who blew offthe clouds with the arrowsY'khaQav puts an end to. jaran ko agni hIt parath ne janu megh vIQare." l:fTfuw [khatIma] See 'l::fT3HT. 2 a book written by Bhai Nand La!. See cfu (?1(?~. -krIsan. 2 substance made of sugar. lIn Mahabharat, Khandav Van was situated on the ~ [xatIr] A )~ n respect, honour. 2 intention, resolve. 3 attention, attentiveness. bank of the river Ashwarth, which means that this "nIj khatIr me kIse na lyavE."-GPS. forest was a few miles away from Meerut in District 4 satisfaction. "uttar dehu pir tum diragh jIs te Mujaffarnagar. mam khatIr hVEjaI."-GPs. 5 heart. 6 aspect, 2S ee ~ >?fIfu ~ })f: 225.
~ [khate] adv by earning. "apne gharr IE an

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partisanship. [xatnj;:Jm;:J], C:fTf3m:n..rr [khatnj;:lma], crffifow [khatnnIsa] A 6:J1,; n satisfaction, contentm.ent, patience. "khatnj;:Jma hOI urt;:JbhL"-NP "jhuthmuthk;:JhE s;:Jbhkhatnko j;:Jma rakh, j;:Jma hOI gh;:Jr me to khatnj;:Jma r;:JhE." -llIpatk;;WI. "khane ko hama rahE na kahu ki tama r;:JhE. jo gath me j;:Jma rahE Ito khatnjama rah."-gval. ~fl [khati] Skt ~ n carpenter, cutter, outcaste. "na Ihu brahmaD na Ihu khati."-g5Q kabir. 2 Skt ~ adjwho digs; who hoes. 3 in a muddy pit. "ane pavDa khati tOVE."-scwa m 1. 1:f1fO [xatun] T (;,IiI,; respectable woman, lady, wife, begam. l:f"r [khad] Skt ~. "bhram bhE s;:Jgle khad." -sar m 5. 2 edible substance, meals. .3 manure, fertilizer. See CfT3" 3. 1::fTt!H [khadam] See 1:flfuJ..r. 1fi!'a" [khadar] Skt ~ n mud, slush. 2 mire, land near a river bank, that always remains slushy. 3 land adjoining the foot hills. l:I't~[khadari] a village in tehsil Nankana Sahib ofdistrict Shekhupura. There is a gurdwara in memory of Guru Arjan Dev in this village. 2 a resident of village Khadar. See l::fTeB" 2 and 3. l:flfe- [khad I] See l::fT"eJl. J:fTfm-r [xadIm] A (ll,; n adoring servant, humble well-wisher, servant. "khad:[m kijE bara khudaI."-GPs. 2 servant. J:fTfew [xadIma] feminine ofxadIm. l:f'tIT[khadi] n coarse cloth of homespun cotton, perforated coarse cotton cloth. 2 adj eatable. ~f[khaday] Skt n ~food, meals, eatables. 2 adj eatable, edible. "ak;:JrDa karotI akhady khadya."--sahas m 5. lfTtlT [khadha] eaten. "khadha hOI suah."-var majh m 1. lfTtfT3T [khadhata] See 31". l:f'it [khadhE] on eating. "kIa khadhE kIa
'J:fTf~

pEdhE ho:r?"-var majh m 1. P (;,II,; n wealthy person, noble man. "sultan khan maluk umre."-sri a m 1. 2 home, dwelling place. "kahu gari godri nahi kahu khan parara."-asa kabir. 'Some do not have even tatters or rags, while others have majestic and ell~gant palaces to live in.' See tRJ1'QT. 3 family, housl~hold, kith and kin. "jEse . ghar lagE agI bhag nIks;:Jt khan."-BGK. 4 beehive, honey beehive, honeycomb. 5 title of the Pathans, appellation of the Pathans. 6 Skt 1:fI(fr "s;:JbhI khusia sabhI khan."-var sar m 1. 7 See l~-rfo. }:fl'i')F.\'Tij [xan$ah] a disdplle of Bhai Pheru (s;:Jci dari) who was a sage professing deep faith. }:fTOR1}{l' [xansama] P ,;.ILl)1,; attendant of a rich man. 2 one who cooks food for a rich man; butler. }:fTi'iU [xanah] See: 'l:fIOI'. ~[xankah] P ~!f;L; or ~I,; n dwelling place, home. 2 residence, particularly of a Muslim monk. l:fTOl:ITi')T [khankhana] P l.jtlil,; supervisor of a princely palace. 2 chiefofchiefs. 3 a high rank which was conferred on army commanders by Mughal emperors. 4 a famous nobleman. who was one of the chiefs of Akbar. See l?1ai;;JMaJlHJ:f'?i". 5 a rich man, and devotee ofthe tenth Guru, who usually stayed in Agra. His real name was Munaim Khan. He attained the rank ofa minister during the regime ofemperor Bahadurshah. He dit~d in Sammat 1768. 1 1JITi'5'ifit [xangi] P l.fl,; adj domestic, household, pertaining to the house. 2 used for a harlot satirically. ~ [khanjarad] ,,;I,;Jj.JJ armoury, arsenal, arms-store. See l:f1'C'i'F1d":ft. -------'I::fI7i [khan]
1

Bahadur Shah got annoyed with him because knowingly he let Banda Bahadur escape from the blockade. His book Ilhamat Munimi is very popular.

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[khanjaradi] adj pertaining to the annoury. See~. "karan guman kamangar khanjaradi bahut bakhoa."-BG. 'The bowmakers boast that the bows made in their armoury are special.' l::fTC'leTO [xandan] P (;,II,,\; n dynasty, lineage. ~H [khandes] Skt territory towards the south of Satpura mountain range in the Bombay presidency, which is divided into two regions. Dhulia is the capital of western Khandesh while Jalgaon is that of eastern Khandesh. ~ [khanprara] See 'l:fT(') and ~. l:fTOl.rO [khanpan] v relish eating. 2 n foodstuff. ~ [khanpur] a village near Gurdwara Toka in tehsil and police station Naraingarh of Ambala district. When Guru Gobind Singh arrived in Toka, his camels were stolen away. The Guru came to this village to warn the thieves. There was a Manji Sahib here, which has since been washed away by floods. Land measuring about I 00 bigha~ is allocated to the gurdwara. The priest is a baptised Sikh. 1:jI(')~Witld [khanbahadur] His real name was Zakriakhan. He was son ofAbdul Samad Khan and the father of Shahnwaz. He is referred to as Khanoo among the Khalsa Panth. His role in Sikh history is duly mentioned. See~. etc. Khanbahadur became governor of Lahore in 1739 AD and died in 1745. J:ITi')}f [xanam] P (\; n wife of a khan; queen; begum. "mir na khanam sagI na kou drISatI nIharau."-savEye sri mukhvak m 5. 1:fTOlfIi') [khanman] P (;,Ilit; short for xanah va samano house and luggage. 1:ji(')dA'e' [khanrajada] a villa,ge about one and a halfkos away to the wesfofKhadoor Sahib. A gurdwara in memory ofGuru Angad Dev is situated there. The Guru came here after being harassed by the rich people ofKhadoor village. He was persuaded to come here by Tapa.
1:I'(')Ad 1e1

Now this place is named as Chhapri or Khan Chhapri. See~. ~ [khanval] an ancient village; Guru Arjan Dev founded Tarn Taran on a part of the land ofthis village after purchasing it. See 3d(')3'o('). 'l:fl7iT [khana] n food, meals. 2 v take meals, eat. 3 P ,.;t; n house, home. 4 wife, woman, lady. 5 a Brar Sikh who on the order of Kapoora went to the tenth Guru to guide him to the path leading to Khidrana (Mukatsar) pool. 6 a devotee belonging to Chhura subcaste of village Dalla, who attained selfrealisation on becoming a disciple of Guru Amar Dev. 1:I""i')'1"f [khanaI] housing complex, houses. "mIlak khanaI."-trlag ill 5. 2 Afghans; Muslim nobility. l:fTfo [khanI], l::fT?iT [khani] Skt 'l:ffo and crrfo n mine. "vacan bhane gunkhanI."-GPS. 2 classification ofthe origin of mammals. "a<;!aj jeraj setaj kini. utbhuj khanI bahur racdini." -C:Jpai. 3 diet, food. "jEsI lasan ki khanI."-s kabir. l:flQ [khanu] See l:j'(')a'Jitld. 2 a devotee of Guru Amar Dev. ~ [khanevall See ~. l:jl1.f [khap] n consumption, destruction. "mad matsar sadhu kE sagI khap."-sar m 5. See fW..r vr. l:jl1.fC[ [khapak] adj who propels; who projects. "khapak hE sabh tap."-NP. 2 destroyer. 1:fl1.fG [khapat] adj destroying, devastating. "haDYo kapta khapta."-paras. 'l:f11.I?) [khap~m] v destroy, devastate. "atkal soi khapanhara."-c.Jbis. 2 projecting, throwing. 1:f'1..Id' [khapar], l::fTl.Ig [khaparo] See C:fl.N 2. "phutE khaparu bhikh na bhaI."-ram am 1. 2 See 'l::f1..IQ 1. "khftha jaii kOIla bhai khapar phutamphut-"-s kabir. 'The corpse got burnt to coal and the headskull smashed to pieces.'

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l::fT'ij"T

l:fTlt [khape] were destroyed, were devastated.

"maIa mahI khape."-bher kabir. wN [xafixa] (,:)~J~ a historian and writer of Muntkhibaul Lubab. (History of Khafi Khan). His real name was Mohammad Hashim. He described historical events of the period from 1519 to 1718 AD i.e. from the time ofemperor Babar to that of Mohammad Shah. Nobody was allowed to write history without the permission ofAurangzeb, but he wrote the book secretly and published it in 1732 during the regime of Mohammad Shah. The emperor honoured him with the title ofKhafi Khan, in addition to giving a reward and handsome money in cash. According to V.A. Smith, he was named Khafi Khan because he belonged to the village Khwaf of Khurasan. Khafi Khan was not a dispassionate writer. He described Banda Bahadur through the prism of his prejudice. }:fra' [xab] P ",:",,} n sleep. 2 dream. lff}f [kham] P (~adj raw, unripe, half-baked, fragile. "purabkhamkujE."-varmalam 1. "pur ab xam kuzah." 'Half-baked pitcher is just like the mortal body, while water is its conscious energy.' 2 non-durable, non-lasting, perishable, mortal. "sigar t;'ibol ras saD: dehi sabh kham." --majh barahmaha. 3 closed. "kagaj karkE kham ko dino sIkkh pathaI."-GPS. 4 inexperienced. "taj gopal an jo karD:i soi soi bInsat kham. "-jet
m5.

l:frfi.r [khamI] S sorrow, grief. 2 jealousy, heartburning.

}:fW [xami] P

(]I; n weakness. 2 lack of

experience. 3 deficiency. "bhayo hukam seva mahI khami."-GPS. 4 immaturity. J:lrW:T [xamo~] P adj silent, mute. lfTJlJ:rE"U'a' [xamo~ ~ahar] n city ofsilence; silentcity; cremation-ground, grave-yard. }::ItHm [xamo~i] P Jyl; n silence.

J,..t;

[xayan] A I.:{I; adjwho misappropriates or embezzles. ~ [xayaf] A ..~~I; adj terrorised, frightened. J:fTtiIT [xaya] P ::L; n egg. 2 ovary. l:fTO[khar] Skt~r n alkaline taste. "anras sabhI khar."-sar m .5. 2 ash, calx. "pap hovat khar."-sar m 5.. 3 salt. 4 an alkaline substance like borax, unpurified washing soda, crystalline nitre, ammonium chloride etc. 5 adj alkaline. "khar samGdr (lh;'iq.holiE Iku maD:ia pavE." -marv am 1. 6 P jl; n thorn. 7 jealousy, enmity, envy. 8 P jf} disgraced. "khapI hoe khar." -var asa. 'l::fT'a'mj-e- [kharsamud], :tfTORJ:f-e- [kharsamGd], ~~ [kharsamGdr] Skt ~ n ocean with saline water. "khar s;}mGdr q.h;'iq.holiE Iku mal).ia pavE."-maru a 111 1. 2 See ~ ~ if~. 1:RJq [kharak] Skt ~ n dried date, date fruit. "surajmal kharak mukh dine."-Gps. 'Making the potential groom bite a dried date offered by relatives of the bride signifies the confirmation of the betrothal ceremony.' l::Rfii [kharaj] See l::fTf~. l:fIQT [khara] adj having alkaline taste. 2 n seat spread for brid,~ and groom during ceremenial ambulatiions around the holy fire. "motIn ke CJk kare lalan ke khare dhare."-krIsau. 3 a village oftehsil Tam Taran in Amritsar district which is at a distance of one and half miles to the west ofDukhniwaran railway station. The following two gurdwaras are there in this village. (a) Manji Sahib: Guru Arjan Dev visited this place several times when Tarn Taran was under construction. A beautiful temple is built there. A well got dug up by the Guru, still exists. Ten bighas land is attached to the gurdwara. (b) Dukhniwaran: There was a small pond here in which Guru Arjan Dev occasionally washed lI1is feet. A pucca tank was built during
}:fTljfi')

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the regime of Maharaja Ranjit Singh and an estate with annual revenue income of Rs five hundred was alloted to .it. Land measuring 40 bighas is also attached with this gurdwara. 1f"aT "R"fua" [khara sahIb] A gurdwara exists in memory ofGuru Hargobind about two furlongs to the south-west of village Bhai ke Mattu in Nushahira Verka police station ofdistrict and tehsil Gujranwala. When the Guru came to this village, someone paid obeisance and sat close to him. His moustaches had turned yellowish because ofexcessive smoking. The Guru asked him his name who replied that it was Hargobind. The Guru asked him why with such a name, he was committing a misdeed like smoking. The man felt ashamed and gave up smoking and became the Guru's disciple. A small gurdwara stands here. A fair is held there on Savan 7 every year. The railway station is situated 15 miles to the south-west ofGujranwala. 'l:fI'aT8"[kharab] See'l::RJTa". "kharaba vekar."-var asa. l:ffirEr [kharI$] P ~I,; n itch, scabies. See Cf'R. l:fTfutr [kharIj] A GJI,; adj what oozes out, what flows out. 2 discharged, expelled. 3 rejected, repealed. ~ [khari] n basket or box made of bamboo or cane. "P;)tI kU$ti ko dh;)rVIC khari."-GPS. 2 sea, which has saline water. "khari l;)g l;)cchmi s;)gri."-GPS. 3 small pitcher, earthern vessel. "qar d;)i d;)dhI ki s;)bhI khari." -kns;Jn. 4 adj alkaline, saline, brackish. "at ki bar hot k;)t khari."-s;Jveye sri mukhvak ill 5. 5 SkI <miJ n weight equal to one maund and twenty-eight seers.' 6 stain, spot, blot, blemish. ~ 1itr [khari bir] Guru Arjan Dev ordered Bhai Banno resident of Mangat, district
IAccording to some books, one khari is equivalent to two maunds and sixteen seers.

Gujarat, in Sammat 1661 to get Guru Granth Sahib bound from Lahore. Bhai Banno made another copy of Guru Granth Sahib while tarrying on his to and fro journey to Lahore and added some extra compositions to the original text. When the manuscript was presented to the Guru, he named it as khari bir due to interpolations. This holy manuscript is intact with the descendants of Bhai Banno in Mangat. Copies ofthis holy manuscript are mostly available in the south-western region of undivided Punjab. See aj'cr wfua", a?> and WoJc. If'9 [kharu] n salinity, brackishness. "k;)r;)mk;)rI kharu m;)phit;)SI ri."-dh;Jna tnloc;Jn. 2 See

~.

't:f'IH [khal] See

ch? 2 P JI,; mole, mole-sized

black spot on the skin. 3 line, streak. 4 waterchannel, drain. 5 fountain. 6 spring. 7 flag, standard, colour. 8 arrow. 9 messenger, advocate. 10 A pride, arrogance, vanity. 11 cloud. 12 lightning. 13 bridle. 14 big horse or camel. "mallal ;)r sal mE khal cal va cal. SId;)k guru ka Ell qhIg Ihi sIkkh ka sval." -GPS. 'mal (wealth), lal (son), sal (house), khal (horse, camel etc) to move on or barefoot, the disciple longs for the sustenance offaith in him through all these activities.' l:fl'l?R" [khal;)s] A J'!(; adj pure, genuine; unadulterated. 2 n the Creator, God. "khal;)s ki c;)rni s;)bh lago."-GV 10.3 See l:l"r)RT. ~ [khalsa] A ,J.l(; adjpure. 2 unadulterated, clear, unmixed. "k;)hu k;)bir j;)n bh;)e khalse 2 prembh;)g;)tI jIh jani."-sor. 3 n territory or region that belongs to the emperor, with a
'Some ignorant authors mention that Guru Gobind Singh substituted CfTffi't [khalseJ for khvlase at Damdama Sahib, but it is incorrect. In the Kartarpur version of Guru Granth Sahib the original handwritten word is [khalsel.

crm=t

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947
~.

~ ~ "if~

landlord having no right on it. 4 Sikh religion, Khalsa of the Creator. 5 a Sikh; a devotee of Guru Nanak. "jagdtjotI jdpE nIS basdr ek brna mdn nEk na anE, purdn pI'em prdtitI SdjE brdt gor mdri mdt bhul nd manE, tirdth dan ddya tdP Sajdm, ek bIna nahI nEk pdchanE, purdnjotI jagE ghdt mE tdb khalsa tahI ndkhalds jan. -33 saveye. vak kio kartar satan lio bIcar supne sasar tahI kahI laptaie bIkhIn ko tajo neh ~riguru ki sIkkh leh naSE chIn mahI deh yampuri jaie, sis na mu<;iao mit! hukka taj bhdli ritI prem pritI man kar ~abad kamaie jivdn hE dIn car dekh bujh kE bIcar vahguru guru ji ka khalsa kdhaie. -gurusobha. khalsa hamari sJj khalsa hamari mJj khalsa hamari phJj jit ki nI~ani hE, khalsa hamari cal khalsa hamari <;ihal khalsa hdmari ghal bhog mokh dani hE, khalsa hamari jan khalsa hamari an khalsa hamari khan mod ki suhani hE, khalsa hamari jatI khalsa hamari patI sri guru gobad SIgh bani yo bakhani hE. -sat nrhal SIgh. puja ek ddvay akal ki hE I~t jaM satynam vahguru jap muktmal sa" baniguru gaybe ko sudhi gurugrath ju ki khaybe ko bhojan karah nakd mal sa, kahE "tokh hdrI" bhae carD hi baran ek daran malechan ko dharyo vapu kal sa, dVEmat ko saIl sa nIralsa dharam nitI lalsa 2 bharan dhany bhayo path khalsa.
'hurt.

l:f11i5FIT qtfffi:r [khalsa kaIIj] Khalsa College. See

l:f11i5FIT ~ [khalsa divan] See

fR'ur

~.

l:fT1?Il -e-

2desire. longing.

~Ft [khalse de bolle] n symbolic vocabulary used by the Khalsa (Sikhs) in the early period, also called gdrgdj bolle. People now do not remember the vocabulary used by the early Sikhs. Most ofthese terms have been forgotten with the passage of time. Terms which we could collect are being alphabetically reproduced below: ~[ugrahi] begging, collecting ofofferings. ~ [ujagar] lamp, oil lamp. ~ [ujagri] lantern. ~ [asvara] holy scripture ofGuru Granth Sahib. 2 march, departure. 3 death. ~ wfu-a" 1.:fCl:rB7)T [dsvara sahIb prdka~;;na] instal with reverence Guru Granth Sahib in the open position. ~ C{~ [asvara kama] attack, march, invade" 2 die" expire. ~ [akaldan] stick, staff. ~ [dkaspari] nanny goat. ~ ~r [akasi diva] sun and moon. ~ lakasibj] band of martyrs; invisible force. ~aTaTr[akal bagal ovation of Sat Sri Akal, raised in unison. ~ [akali] worshipper ofthe Timeless One. 2 a Sikh in blue robe, Nihang Singh. nn:f~ l.fTCi [akM<;i path] continuous and uninterrupted recitation of Guru Granth Sahib. The holy scripture is not to be covered with sacred cloth until the recitation is complete. The duration ofthis recitation varies from 13 pahIrs (one pahIr equals three hours) to 16 pahIrs. !3T ~ tPa [ati akha<;i path] continuous and uninterrupted recitation of Guru Granth Sahib performed by a single Sikh reciter in

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lf11ffi

fl

one sitting. This recitation may be completed within 8 to 9 pahIrs. (i.e. 24 to 27 hours). Bt n:hr l..flO4" [ati akhac;l pathil single reciter, who can complete the whole recitation of Guru Granth Sahib in a single sitting. rtfor[athakkl feeble horse, infirm horse. rtfor ~ [athakk savaril pair. of shoes. l'if?KJO~[anhat ~abadl snoring. ~[aflatunl quilt. ~[aflatuni) flamboyant. ~ [ardasa] prayer. ~ [ardasia] a Sikh who offers prayer. ~ [arakaI:1), iO'Oit [araki] horse, mare. 2 pony, female pony. sonciar~[arag barag hOI).al sleep, go to bed. f1l WV"~ [ahu lahUI).el massacre, butcher. ~ [akarbhan] disease, ailment. flCft ~ [aki hOI).a] be in the lock-up, be in prison. ~ [anad] fully satisfied, fully satiated; marriage ceremony according to Sikh rites. ~ [rapat] young adult he-buffalo; stud buffalo also named mahIkhasur. for HoT rag sag] companion, helping hand. 2 the Creator, God. nfiJftor [agitha) funeral pyre. fi::roT [ajni] night. 2 Kal i, the goddess. f7iJ-l'31fr [anmatia] person belonging to a religion other than Sikhism. nfQr [anha] idol worshipping Hindu. nffi;r3'~[amrItvela] early morning. ffi:f3t [amrIti] saltish curry. ~ [amntia] one who has been duly baptised. ~~[Iktagi b;)tera] brinjal. ~ [fdr) cloud. ~ [fdr-jal] rain-water. ~[fdraI).i] wind, air, breeze. ~ ~ ~ ~ [fdraI).i japphia paudi

hE] pleasant wind strikes the body. ~ [Ilaci] a type of tree, acacia modesta. 2 twig or bark of the above tree, used as tooth brush. ~ [~ahid] martyr. F.tmdlfl [~ahid gajl battlefield and cremation ground of martyrs. ~ [~ahidi] martyrdom, sacrifice made in war. F.l'"titT Hl:f [~ahidi sodh] natural suffering, suffering as willed by the Timeless. 2 punishment given by martyrs to persons who do not strictly observe the traditional Sikh code. ~ ~ [~ahidi deg] sacred sweetened drink of hemp. 2 kitchen conducted to serve food to people on behalf of the martyrs. ~ IlFfT" [~ahidi prasad] sacred sweet pudding of wheat flour. 2 meals prepared with devotion for five Sikhs. ~ ih:r [~ahidi biJ army of martyrs. 2 secret army of the Timeless One. Rtitt!t }f'TQ [$ahidi mar] punishment given by martyrs; torture inflicted upon vicious people by martyrs. ~ [sacckhac;l] abode of the Guru, the true One. 2 religious congregation of Sikhs. 3 GurdwaraAbchal Nagar, Hazoor Sahib. ~ ~ [sackhac;l vasa] abode in heaven; death; departure. Ffur 1..flOF.fT(J [sacca pat~ah) the true Master. ~ [sajI).a] get ready, be dressed. 2 sit in assembly. 3 be accoutred. Ff3" 1)1 ~ [satt sri akal] Sikh slogan of victory. 2 ovation shouted after goat slaughter; a march and conclusion of Sikh congregation. R'<!)wa [sadagulab] acacia. HIq,lwa ~r ~ [sadagulab da mukhmajI).a] twig of acacia for cleansing teeth.

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949
small axe, battleaxe, axe. [sabaj pulao] green leafy vegetable; dish prepared from green leafy vegetable. 'R-a'H m [sabaj madar] tree; shelter under a tree. Em: l$abad] hymn of Gurbani; verse uttered by the True Master. F.rat cfur30 l$abad kirtan] chanting ofGurbani. F.r<ttSc [$abadbhet] offerings made to a person who recites and chants Gurbani. Frtfto [samudar] milk. Fnj~ [samudradhari] one who takes only milk. F~ [sardai] drink made with crushed hemp. 2 pond's water. F~ [sard:ma] cold, coldness, chill. F~ tf~ ~ ~ [sard:ma mutthia bharda hE] feeling cold; shiver. HQ'"ffiJR [sarabras] salt; aiso called ramras. 1~ [sarabloh] the Timeless One. 2 iron, arms. HQ'<m<:frtIfT [sarablohia] a Sikh, who takes his meals only in iron utensils. 1~ [salotar] heavy club. 2 wooden pestle for pounding cannabis or hemp. l~[savaIa] a little; in small quantity. l~ [savara] See~. 1~ 'i:iIQ7iT [savara kama] See :~TQT 'i:iIQ7iT. lW ~ [sava lakkh] one, single. lW~~[s;wa lakkhbj] a single Sikh" ;~ [saugi] green gram. HT(J mft [$ahjaha] poppy plant. J::rcB [sakat] disobedient to the Guru; one attached to worldly possessions. 2 apostate, immoral. :qTtf3" [sakhat] See ~. :~ tsar] iron, steel, arms, weapons. :FRit [savi] a kind of kidney bean; mCigi. .~ [$Ikri] pincers, tweezers, nippers. '~[$Ikari] lecher, adulterer, womaniser.
Ha;:r~
'RGT Herr [sapha j~g]

ft:fur [sigh] baptised Sikh. fJ::fuI<ft [sighDi] baptised Sikh woman.

[sIrkhfc;l.i] raw sugar, brown sugar. fi:RJoj1-f [sIrguml one who has got his hair trimmed after being c1uly baptised. fFRrufFlT [sughasa] clean-shaven. 2 Jain monk. 3 ascetic. fJ::RrR;r [SIrjorJ jaggery. ~[$,i$mahal] thatched hut in dilapidated state, through which one can see the sky. ~ [sukmaj] hungry. ~ fi:fur [sukhai sigh] he who crushes hemp and offers it as a drink. ~ [sukhdei] mattress padded with cotton wool. 'lJl:ffoqro [sukhmdhan], lj'l::fT [sukkha] hemp. ~ [sucala] lame, club-footed. lJB-3r [suceta] defecation behind the bushes. 2 having a brief wash; ablution. lJB-3r ~(iT [suceta tarnal have a brief body wash; be ready by washing feet, hands and face. 'l]iB" ~r [sucete ja:r:la] go out for defecation. BtfT'l::fT [sujakha] mesh, sieve. 2 learned person. 1.f~ [sudri] broom. ~ [sunahra] iron utensil for preparing nectar.. 2 stone mortar. 1J~ [sunahria] a Sikh who, on being baptised, has taken nectar from the same utensil. "l.JQOT [surag] distress, calamity. 2 sleep, sound sleep. ~Jtn.rr [suragduaria] one with clipped nose. ljddla''R [suragbas] have sound sleep. ~ [surmai] Ilight-blue, grey, black. ~ trW [surmai dala] pulse cooked in iron vessel. 2 (a variety of) cooked pulse, lentil; mah di dal. ~ lsubedar] a Sikh assigned the duty of
~

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950 sweeping. lJOW [surma] blind. ~ [seu] grafted berry (fruit ofjujube). j:j-Q -e- cfo [~er de kan] corners of cloth used to sieve hemp. Fre-r W [sojha del:ta] scrub, cleanse. 2 punish a person who does not strictly observe the traditional Sikh code. 3 reform a criminal by punishing. ifq [sodh] purity, sacredness. 2 purification (by punishing) of a person not observing the traditional Sikh code. ~ [sodhl).a] purify (by admonition) the nonobserver of the traditional Sikh code. 2 conquer a territory. 3 collect subscription. "Ffcft [sakhi] a bone in a meat dish. ~ [satokhl).a] close and wrap Guru Granth Sahib. 2 finish a piece of work. ~ [~risal1Ib] sword, sabre. ~ [hajarmekhi] beggar's blanket; ragged or patched blanket. tJ!)Q" Ji"Tftnr [hajur sahIb] Takht Sri Abchal Nagar. ~ [hajuria] one who has visited Hazoor Sahib (Sri Abchal Nagar) 2 one who serves in Hazoor Sahib gurdwara. ~ l..fQ7)T [hajuri pama] towel used for cleansing hands and face. "JEr ~ ~ [hatth sucet kame] wash hands. UQO ~ [haran hOl).a] run away, flee. lJOi'i1 [hami] fly, housefly. 2 louse, head louse. iRfT [hara] dry, dehydrated. iRfT CRJ7iT [hara kama] dry, dehydrate. 2 wash, clean. ~ ~ [hajri bhami] attend the Sikh congregation in the morning as well as in the evening. ~ [hImacal] digested, digested food. ~[hIrankhuri] woman's genital organ, vagina. [hukamsatt] pass away, die. ~[hiljha] sheet-like wrap for the lower body. "iJW [hoHil cardamoms. '5"w ~ [holla kheQ.l).a] fight. 2 enact the traditional Sikh fight. '5"w 1-Rfw [holla mahalla] festival observed on the I st day of the lunar phase of Chet; Sikhs enact the traditional way of fighting on this day. ~ ~ [!lakana hOIa] torn, ragged. tior [!lana] penis; also termed as ghora. ~ [kastura] pig. cfuT fU'w [kacca pIlla] lax inthe observance of Sikh traditional code; one having loose notions of Sikh traditional code; one who does not strictly observe Sikh doctrines. cfur~[kacca bolla] commentary against Sikh religion. 2 false statement. cfuhr<it[kacci bal).I] verses other than Gurbani. 2 verses devoid of the Almighty's praise. ~ [kachahra] underwear, shorts. c;kT [katta] elephant. ~ [kathJta 1wooden pot. ~ [kap?arbij] cotton seed. m-rc:rorw CRJ7iT [kamarkClsa kama] gird up one's loins, be ready for a task. 2 pass away, die. ~ lj~~~ [kamarkasa khulahul).a] be hospitable to a stranger. ~[kardJna] small kitchenknife. ~ [karari] radish. ~ [kalga] bald (person). qMdnQij [kalgidhar] Guru Gobind Singh. ~ 1{FP"e" [karah prasad] pudding prepared by mixing three ingredients, i.e., flour, sugar and ghee in equal proportions; pudding of five ingredients. ~ [karaka] hunger, going without food. 2 trouble, calamity. Ci(1'HT [kaja] hungry; non-availability offood. Ci(1'HT ~ [kaja kholhl).a] eat, take meals.
~

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(~

l:fTlffl
~~"I [kh:ccar pulaul

fi

[kaji] cock; rooster.

pyre. (~[kal).a] Turk, Muslim. b(l(fJl [kanugo] bamboo club with crooked root-end; stick with crooked grip. (~?3T [kabuli kutta] Ahmad Shah Durrani. c~ [kardar] spade-like wooden scmper. c~ [karbhet] voluntary donation collected in the Guru's name. cfuJ30 [kirtan] chanting ofGurbani. ~3tit [kuhi] sickle. ~3tit 'e'T ~ [kuhi da ~nkar] cut grass or crop with a sickle. ~rQT [kuttha] meat got through the Muslim mode of animal slaughter. ~~ [kul).ka] a bit of the sacred pudding. 2 sacred pudding. ~~ [kutabdin] dog, hound. ~rcrfuo [kurahIt] conduct in violation of the Sikh traditional code. ~row [kurla] gargle, mouthwash. ~~ [kurimar] killer of a female child; one who receives money in lieu ofhis daughter's marnage. ih=Rr [kesar] turmeric. i~ [kotal] cot, bedstead. i~ [kotalkasl bedsheet. 2 decoration of bed. i~ [kotval] knife, penknife. cfulr qQ?iT [k;)gha kar.nal cause grievous harm. 2 comb the hair. f~ [knpaD] sword. 2 kitche:nknife. ~i1:it ~ [khassi bj] band of ladies. crga+ [khajuraljujube fruit. c~ [kharagketul eternal. cS- 'e'T l:f17?RT [khare da khalsa] benefilting those who are present. c~ roj't!Q [khar samudar1buttermilk; lassi. c[Tffi1T [khalsa] baptised Sikh. f~ [khISkuJ loincloth; wrestler's drawers.

(~[kathgarh] funeral

dish of rice mixed with le:ntils. 2 jujube flowers. ~ ~r [khu~;ak pulau] roasted grams for munching; roasted grams. ljQHT [khurma]jujube. i8T [khotil bowli of hubble-bubble into which are pUll tobacco, hemp and burning coal. chf [kh;)c;l] ash, calx. ilTawofGr [gahra gappha] heavy food like the sacred pudding enriched with fat. 2 ample wealth grabh;ld during the war. 0ftl0TT'U [gajgah] al1 iron weapon with a 'Khanda' at the top and two half moons of steel in the middle. Nihang Sikhs adorn it in their turbans. ~ [gajjl).a] roar loudly, roar like a lion. ortit [gadhil smoking pipe, hookah, hubblebubble. crrtft 1furit [gadhi cughDi] smoke a pipe. o'fGr [gappha] wealth. 2 delicious food enriched with fat. 3 booty, loot, plunder. Cl'i'Gr~;r [gappha laUIJa] take delicious fatenrich';ld food to one's satiety. ~ [garre] rice:, ~ [garh] forest, deep forest. 2 enclosure. ~ ~ [garh torna] achieve one's object; tackle a difficult problem. 2 enter after breaking the fence. fa'fe;r [gIdda:r1 coward., deserter, absconder. 2 one who shirks work and lives by begging. fdlt:!;'$ddi' [gIddarraga] one who wears saffron clothes. ~ [guDgrahil winnowing tray. ~ [guddar] skim of milk. Qflf3'" [gupta] dumb. ~ I[gupalphal], q]~ [gupallaQ-Q-ul hen's eggs. ~ [gubrdial carrots. ~ [gubrde] musk melons. ~. [gurduaral, Qn~ [gurdvara] Sikh

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religious place, Sikh shrine. ~[gurmClt] Sikh religion. 2 Sikh ideology. CJ.1OH3T [gurmClta] resolution passed in a Sikh congregation. ~~[gurmCltasodhDa] pass a resolution. ~ [gurmClrjada] a rite according to Sikh doctrine; code set by the Guru. QJOlj1:f [gurmukh] true follower of the Guru. ~ [gurmukhi] the script created by the Guru, in which Punjabi language is meticulously written. ~BFf3ldT[gurmukhidClstara] turban worn in the traditional Sikh way. ~ ~ [gurmukhi darha] flowing beard. ~ 1:fJ=l"'"eT [gurmukhi prClsada] thick loaf; thick loaf of Indian bread. C)J01:fcIT ~ [gurmukhi vClrtara] equal distribution, identical distribution. arm ~ [grbi bja] secret martyr forces. ~fu [gopal c;'idCln] ointment to be applied on the wound; ointment. ~ [goIClk] offerings to the Guru stored in a metallic pitcher. ~ [g;'igajClI] wine. o\'m? [g;'iQhCll) one who has been rebaptised after violating the Sikh code; a hypocrite. ~ fi:fur [gyani sIgh] a Sikh who recites and explains or elucidates Guru Granth Sahib. llf}fFfl(f [ghClmsaD] war, battle. 2 dispute. u1~UfTQT [ghClllughara] fierce battle. 2 annihilation, total destruction. ~ [ghaD] war, battle. ~ [ghalamala] disposing off a matter without any decision. 2 including a nonobserver of the traditional Sikh code into the main stream without punishing him. ~ffijW [ghusmusa] whispering, not exposing oneself publicly. Uf;,r [ghora] penis. See ti'or. 2 pair of shoes. Uf;,r C(l'# O[QOT [ghora kaje brna] maintain

celibacy.

Uf;,r ~ [ghora dJrauDa] copulate. 'tl'CiRft [cClkrij small ring to be worn on the head.
BCI [cClkr] circular weapon to be worn on the neck or the head. It was used in warfare in ancient times. Be<!' ~ [cCltClD pulau] sauce. ~ [cClQhai] See~. ~ 3;:ror[CCltJrgClrh torna] urinate. tldC'l'm [cClrClndasi] shoes, pair of shoes. 2 wooden sandals. ~ [cCllakClD] small short hoe with a handle. tJWClT [calaka] large needle. ~ [CCllaDa] die, breathe one's last. ~ CXW [cClrhdi kClla] courage, high spirit. 2 promotion, progress. ~rtt [c<Jrhai] march, departure. 2 attack, assault, charge. 3 death. ~ ~ [cadni pulau] roasted sorghum; juar. rtl33dlij ~ [CItJrgClrh torna] See ~~. ftn.fol'iraTrr [cImni begam] opium. tftor [cita] urine. tftor ~ [cita kudauDa], tftor ~ [cita bhCljauDa] urinate. ~[cugClI] poppy pod. "i]"d'R'\" ~ [cugClI mCllne] crush poppy pod by rubbing. 'JCW 1:fFJTe' [cutka prClsad] salt and ground chillies taken alongwith unbuttered bread. 1fl.f[cupp] sugar. ~ ~ [cubare CClrhIa] See ~ ~'. 'jFl"Fit[curasij living beings other than the Sikhs. VW [cula] washing the mouth on taking meals and prayer to the Almighty. VO" [cuna] flour, aHa. ~ [curma] wheat chaff. Bmfto't [cobcini] red chilly. Bcft [cJki] group of four Gurbani chanters. 2 group of devotional singers who chant

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Gurbani. 3 Gurbani-chanting at the fixed period. 4 four-legged stool for placing kdrah pdrl?ad. ~h:r' [cJtha] salt ~iwi1;lT [cJthapJra] rndjhbi sIgh, Ranghreta and Ravidasia Sikhs. ~~ 13ftp>rr [cJbare cdrlua] deaf. t:rit [cacm fire. 2 sword. 3 war, battle. ii~ [chdkl).a] dress up. 2 take meals. ii~ [chatrdhar] opium. iirow ~ [char-ra chac;lc;ll).a] urinate while standing. '6;i;:T [chada] distribution, division, share, part. '6;Q?}flQ('ft [chal rnarni] fall down. G~[chavl).i] halting ofthe Sikhs. f~ [chIlldr:1 rupee coin. ~~ [cheval oil. "j:r<:JTi1 [jdhaj] bullock cart. 2 Sikh religion. i:r<:JTi1 ~ [jdhaj cdrhna] adopt Sikhism after being duly baptised. i'forr [jakka] curd. i~ [jdgdtjuth] smoking pipe, hookah. i~ [jdganathi] earthen pot for cooking. Herr [jdtha] band, group, cluster of Sikhs. i~ [jdthedar] leader ofa group. i:r~ [jarndac;l] punishment awarded by the leader. i::rJ-fOTR tft tit [jdrnraj di dhi] See 1:mJ1<JTN t!'t tit. i=rffi1:ftr fi::fur [jdlkhIc sIgh] water carrier. i~ [jdltori] fish. i=r5m [jdlebi] bean of a desert tree jac;l. i:sYZ [jdrputt] pincers. ;~ [janbhai] riding horse. i~ [jekara] the Sikh slogan. i=t3T HE ~ [joti jotI sarnaul).a] Guru's mingling with the Eternal, after leaving the mortal frame. :~ [jorrnel] gathering of the Sikhs. 2 Sikh congregation on Gurpurb. ,~ [jorrnell).i] needle. 2 sweet tongue,

soft speech. t=\'om ~ I[jagdl jal).a] answer the call of nature. trW [jvala] fire. ~ [jvalavdrnr:li] gun. 2 cannon. ~ [jhdtka] act of beheading an animal with one stroke, accompanied by a shout of'sdt sri dkal'. 2 m.eat of such a slaughtered animal. W [jhola] big bag. Z<JW [tahla] service. ZU"I2JT [tahlua] duster for cleansing the feet, cleansing towel. ciW [tagu] person sitting on a tree (observation post) to keep watch on the enemy's movement. ?,cxo [tukkdr] estate and sustenance awarded by the king. ~ [tec;lhg:ran] lie down. ~ [thakur] ovary, testicles. 'QTeT [thal).a] monastery. o9ciro[thikdr] body, physique. ~[thikri] rupee coin. ~ [c;lac;lc;lu] small earthen pot used to take water from a bigger earthen vessel. ~ [c;ldla] a piece of pig's meat. ~ [c;laIl).] illusion. 2 lecherous woman, adulteress. ~ [c;lokal] a type of loose undergarment worn by traditional Sikhs. mtTt!"T i:R)T [cJhahfdi kala] frustrated, disheartened, depressed. ~<'ftf[c;lhailakkhItwoSinghs. WW [c;lhala] shJiI~ld. ~ 'fro [c;lhale heth] under protection, shielded. 2 in the asylum. ~[tahtor] para01;ha;. Indian fried cake with ghee in its laYl~rs, the layers getting separated on being cooked. 3l:f3' [takhdtJ the holy seat of the Guru i.e. Akal Bunga, Patna Sahib, Kesgarh and

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1f"lIffi t!
~ [dunali]

Abchal Nagar. ~ [tdttkhalsa] Sikhs who observe the code set by Guru Gobind Singh. 3'01:fl(J [tdnkhah] religious punishment. 2 act ofviolation ofthe tradional Sikh code. ~ [tdnkhahia] one who has violated the Sikh religious code. 3Q~ [tdr pulau] simple meal without ghee and vegetables or cooked pulses. ~ [tdratdri] too much, more than sufficient. oiar [taba] coin. ~ "80 ~ [trar bdr trar] armed and equipped. 2 alert. 3 firm in observing the traditional Sikh code. f3ioft [trtagi] Gayatri, mool mantar of the Hindus. ~[trmdrlagia] club-footed. :;raor[turdk] a Muslim. ~[turdk:t:li] a Muslim woman. ~ ~ Btl' [turdk:t:lr nal juddh] coitus with a Muslim woman. ~ [tora] iron chain used for decoration on the turban of a Nihang Singh. 2 gun's belt. ~ ~ [tora jharna] shoot with a gun. afu tre'ltW [thdhI pdia] sun-dried lumps of meshed pulses; Vdria. ~ [tha:t:ledar] donkey, ass. ~ [ddstara] turban. thir [ddcch] goat. ~ ~ [ddbru ghusru] not firm in observing the traditional S~ikh code. 2 coward. t!J-ST [ddmra] rupee or paisa coin; cash. ~ [daia] insistence, determination. 2 claim. ~ [dakh] fruit ofa wild tree. Salvadora indica. ~ [dala] cooked pulses or lentils. ~ [darha] beard. ~ [didare] glimpse, sight. ~[dusaga] trousers, pyjama. ~ [dui;iala] blanket.

pitch fork; an implement to lift thorny bushes etc. ~ [dubajra] one who shifts from one faith to another. ~~ [duburji] sdlvar; a type ofloose trousers usually worn by females. ~ [dumala] high turban worn by a Nihang Singh. ~[degl kitchen. 2 cooked food for devotees. -e-or ~ [deg Sdjau:t:li] prepare food for devotees. ~HFI3"[deg mdsdt] non-availability offoodstuff; non-availability of meals for want of the required material. ~ [de:t:ldar] one who is to be punished for not observing the traditional Sikh code. 'Q'?\3o [dhdnatdr] margosa tree; neem tree. ~ tft r:ft [dhdrdmraj di dhi] sleep. ~ tft r:ft ~ Btl' ~aor [dhdrdmraj di dhi nal judh kdrna] sleep. ~ BT ~ [dhdrdmraj da putr 1fever. ~ BT ~ ~ ~ ~ [dhdrdmraj da putr seva kdrda hE]. .. is ill. ~ [dhurkot] maxi skirt, petticoat. ~ fl::fUf [naherna sIgh] barber. o;fh..ro [narimar] one who smokes a pipe. (jT1::jT [nakha] fruit ofa banyan tree or mulberry tree. fcriJ:rto FJ1"fu<f [nri;ian sahr1:J] flag, standard. F()(JO(MO( [nrhkdlak] pitcher, reservoir. fo<iorfl::fUf [nrhag sIgh] a Singh wearing blue dress and high turban. Fi'ld8 i elnr- [nrrba:t:lia] an ascetic belonging to the Udasi sect. ~ [nrrakari] a Sikh worshipper of the Formless One. 2 a disciple of Guru Nanak Dev. (')lw~del [nilVdr:t:li] female ass. Qa'RT [nugda] ball made from the residue left after filtering hemp through a cloth.

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'?i'aRT ~ [nugda marna] striikea ball of residual hemp against a wall or a tree, considering the latter' a symbol of the enemy; strike a nugda with force uttering. "aIa nugda tere bacce nu cugda" etc. ?i~ [netr thoka] antimony or collyrium powder. 2 thin metal or glass bodkin used to apply collyrium to the eyes. tlCW [patka] animal not slaughtered with a single stroke. 2 meat of thus slaughtered animal. tl~ [patalmocni] hoe, spade. tl~ [parasram] large heavy axe. t1m:JT [parsa] water. tlQflT'2T [parsada] bread, loaf of Indian bread. tl~t!T ~ 0f<J0T [parsada phattar karna] break a loaf of bread into pieces. LIm [pari] sheep. LI~ [palatta] scrubber, scraper. LI~ [pahul] nectar, consecrated sweet,ened drink prepared for baptising a Sikh; amnt. tlTtS' [pajar] See~. tl~ [palka] saddle. tl~ ~ [palka sajaUl:ta] saddle a horse. ldm [puri] leaves ofa slow growing wild tree; Salvodora indica; especially the leavles of a creeper of Menispermum glabrum. tl~ [p:n:ttur;'Jg] feeble pony, infirm pony. tl<!l:fWF.T [p:nJ.praka~] fan. ti'BTfl:ro [p;'\camnt] karah par~ad. lj;:!f~[paj-Isnana] washing ofhands, feet and face; briefablution. lj'~ [p~jkakari] one who wears five symbols of the Sikh faith viz untrimmed (unshorn) hair, sword, drawers, comb and steel bangle. l./tfcIr [p;'Jjakkha] blind of one eye. l./tT ~ [paj pIare] Daya Singh, Dharam Singh, Mohkam Singh, Himmat Singh, Sahib Singh. 2 five Sikhs who prepare amnt.

who worshipsVishnu, Sun, Shiv, Ganesh and Durga. 2 one who has faith in many gurus and Muslim saints. l.iR ~ [p;'Jj mukte] Deva Singh, Ram Singh, Tahil Singh, Ishar Singh and Fateh Singh. l./tT irn [p::'lj mel] descendants ofPrithi Chand [miI:te] iDhir Mal [dhirmallie], Ram Rai [ram raie]; preachers and collectors oftithes and offerings for the Guru [masad]; and the clean shaven ones [s:crgum]. J..i'"i"RJ'37iT [pajratna] saltish dish prepared from carrot, radish" turnip, brinjal and pumpkin. J..i'tTNcr[p;:'ljlakkh] five Sikhs. J..i'tW [p;'\jva] ghee. l./';:rr [p~ja] hand-shaped weapon worn by Nihang Singhs on their turbans. l./'cr [path] the Khalsa. l./'w [pama] Brahmin. ~fRur [prakasa SIgh] day. 2 tower, minaret. ~ [phatekumEt] black-coloured staffor club. G3' ~t [phate gajaUI:ti] utter loudly the Sikh salutation; greet one with the Sikh salutatiion. 2 depart. 3 die. G3' or;::yr ftrr>W [fate gaja gra] left. 2 died. 3 got torn. 4 collapsed. ~[ph:crni] grinding mill. ~ tit R~ [phirni di savari] grind grains in the grinding mill. ~[ph:Jj] roving Sikh. ~ [ph:Jja] many roving Sikhs; a band of roving Sikhs. ~ [basava] iron platE: for baking chapatis. ~ [basatbr] maize, ml"3o [bas;'\tar] fire. ~ [batera] brirUal. ~ [badaI).a] See lh:rc~. at"l-f [badam] gram. ~ [babbru] fermented bread. '8TR [baj] hoe with a short crooked handle.

~'I[pajpiria]one

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-aw

[baj uqaul)a], "Slt1 ~ ~ [baj da ~Ikar] cut grass with a hoe; scrape grass with a hoe. "8""'Cf[bata], wit [bati] deep bowl. 2 bowl used for preparing nectar. arZ ~ ~ [bate da siijhi] companion; those baptised with nectar from the same bowl. WH<! [bamal)] sacred fig tree, peepul. ~ [baml)i] sweetened rice pudding cooked in milk. ft:R:TaJH[bIh~gam] roving Singh, who does not stay permanently at one place. ft:rtfw [bIkhya] tobacco. faftl::afHuflJW[bICItrsfghia] a Sikh belonging to the Lubana community. 2 a Raj put Sikh. [bIbek] concept of Sikh traditions; observance of Sikh tradition. 2 purification in accordance with the Sikh code. fuacU[bIbeki] considerate Sikh, thoughtful Sikh. 2 one who observes purity in all respects. ft:R:re" [bIrad] dress, robe. 2 religious symbol. ra\jeaj~1 [bIradbal)a] traditional robe in the Sikh faith. ~ [bIrajl)a] be seated in a gathering. 21ie down. ~OJT[bOga] dwelling place of the Sikhs. 2 high turban ofa Nihang Singh. ~tr ~ [buddh avtar] crippled; maimed particularly in arms or legs; one with an amputated arm. "ift!t [budi] boiled food grains. ~ [bedal)a] bowl made of the wild caper; flowers of wild caper. ~[bemuhtaji] wooden piece with forked branches with cloth tied within these branches, used for filtering hemp. ifw [bolla] language. 2 speech, utterance. or-iii [badai kacch] loose traditional drawers upto the knees worn by Sikhs. ~ [brahamras] sugarcane.

"Slt1 ~

mar

wheat. ~ [bhagJta], ~ [bhagJtiJ sword. ~ [bharthari] bull, stud bull. ~ [bhauni] faith, reverence. ~ [bhai] co-followers of a faith, Sikhbrothers. 2 Sikh priest. 3 title given to every Sikh as per Sikh religion. ~ [bhaja] vegetable dish. ~[bhal)a] Will ofthe timeless One; His Will. ~ ~ [bhal)a varatl)a] occurrence of an event according to the Almighty's Will. 2 die, pass away. ~[bhUIsur] turnip. ~[bhujagal)],~[bhujagi] daughter, son. 2 duly baptised Sikh woman or man. ~ [bhutera] ball of flour baked in hot ash; ball of flour baked in fire without an iron plate. ~ [bhutni] storm, dust cloud. 2 train. -gi;rr [bh6sur] See~. H1B [masat] shortage of material, deficiency. 2 closed. See iCJRf HJ13". H~ [masatgarh] a mosque in which Guru Granth Sahib is installed. 2 a gurdwara established in place of a mosque. HFf317iT [mastana] torn, old. 2 finished. 3 sick, ill. If"f1''Iit [masal)i] rectum, anus. HFJ"Tit ~ 1:Io fu'w [masal)i da sur dhIlla] suffering from diarrhoea. HJ1TW [masalii] firewood, fuel. 2 eyes. HFfe' [masad] one who collects money from the Sikhs for himself. 2 priest who embezzles offerings presented to the Guru. ~ [mahkhasur] See~. HtJTl.:fFl""'"" [mahaprasad] meat of an animal slaughtered with a single stroke. 2 karah
par~ad.

~ [bhagmukhi]

1-/1:Il-n?TGOJJ[makhmali phara$] lawn with green grass, grassy ground.

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Htl<Jlft [maj-habi] a baptised Sikh orginally

belonging to the cuhra communiity. act against the teachings of the Master. ~ [manmatia] se If-oriented person opposed to the Guru's dictum. l-I?iJ.:fl:f[manmukh] guided by one's own whim rather than by the Guru's advice, self-willed. ~ [marcma] black pepper. ~ [marorcula] act of cleaning the mouth by simply touching with hand for want of water. Hfuo1r [maIIka] cat. H3m [maroli] body, physique. }{lOT ~ [mara bakara] act offrightening the enemy by roaring like a lion in unison. ~ ~ [maru gaul).a] weep, wail, lament. 2 chant verses ofMaru rag on the occasion of someone's death. fHforrit [mIthIai] sweet potato. fi.fo3" [mItthat] fruit ofthe jujube tree. ~ [mil).a] non-baptised Sodhi desce:ndant of Baba Prithi Chand. >.:f1WHW N~ [muamla lEl).a] collect cereals, food, milk, cash etc. from different households in a village. ~ ~ [mu~ka kasl).ia] til~ beard. ~ [muslidhar] he who keeps a Muslim woman as his wife. ~ fuJ:roro: [muhamdi Isnan] take a nude bath; take a bath without undergarments. ~ ~ [muMmdi savari] camel. ~"i1w [muhamdi pJla] razor. ~ [mukhmajl).a] twig for brushing teeth. lj&R:Rff [muchahra] moustaches. lj3ft:Rr'r [mut-hua] club; pestle use:d for preparing a nourishing cold drink by crushimg poppy seeds, almonds, sugar etc. ~ [murgaia] bulbs ofa vegetable plant grown on water.
H?iH3" [manmat] wilful

lj<:J31C:1 [muhtal).i] scissors.

one who leads devotees to present themselves before the Guru. Htr [mEdal wh(~etmeal. }Rro R"~rr [mEdan jal).a] go out in the open to defecate. ~ ~rer [morca laul).a] start work. 2 start a battle. ~ [mordhuj] a care1ree ascetic, Udasi saint belonging to the sect of Sodhi Meharban. HtfT 'J1Tft:n:r [maji sahIb] a small palanquin used for laying Guru Granth Sahib. 2 palanquinshaped platfbrm raised for the Guru to sit on. ~[ralll).i] observance ofthe Sikh traditional code. ~ IT(f,:fl [rahI~i bahl).i] religious rituals and practices; codes and principles of religion. "6U3" [rahat] compliance with the traditional Sikh code. ~r [rahatnama] a book describing the Sikh religious code. ~ [rahatia] one who observes the traditional Sikh eade; baptised Ravidasia Sikh. 'ij'tft [rajjil small ladle. ~ [ral).sf~;a] n fart. ~.~ [ral).sfga vajaul).a] v fart. ~ [ramcJka] not to take any consideration of the place where food is being cooked, considering the whole earth as the cooking place of God. ~ [ramjaga] gun. ~ [ramqol] leather bucket for drawing water from a well. ~ [rambag] world, universe. 2 forest, wood. QTi-/Qli [ramras] salt, also named as sarabras and rupras. ~ [ramroji] estate allotted to Ramgarh
~[mevra] one who offers prayers;

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~ [vatau] traveller. 2 destructible.
~[vartava]large ladle,

fort at Amritsar for the Khalsa. ~ [ramlac;lc;lu] watermelon. ~tfT [ruppa] onion. ~ [rupbr] vessel, usually earthen, for boiling milk on low heat. ~ [rupras] salt.
~[re$am]jute. ~ (')lW [re$mi nala] cord ofjute.

scoop. 2 distributor.

fRo ~ [vehle SIr vala] one who has no

h [ror] a kind of pulse; moth.

2 arrogant, conceited. ~ [raghri] corncob of maize. 2 shrew, illreputed woman. ~ [lakhnetra] blind in one eye. ~ [lakhbaha] with one hand maimed. ~ [lac;lc;l.u] squash gourd, tIc;lo. ~ [lavera] one without a beard. ~ fl:fur [Higra sIgh] cook, butler. WtJT [laca] wooden seat. wtflt!IC;' [lacidal)a] millet, Panicum spicatum. ~lf ~~ [lekhe laul)a] utilise, consume material by distributing. 2 spend in the name of God. ~[loh] large oblong iron hotplate. ~'1'fuRr[loh lagar] large oblong iron hotplate, cauldron; provisions for food. iORf HH3' [lagar masatl, iORf lfFf3T('iT [lagar mastana] meals not being cooked for want ofprovisions. iii' -gm [lac;li bucci] miscreants, mischiefmongers. 2 vicious persons not observing the traditional Sikh code. ~[vahir]large body of Sikhs on the move; body of Sikhs observing the traditional code, which visits gurdwaras and exercises control over the attendants; group of Sikh preachers who preach Sikhism in various regIOns. ~ ~ [vahir paul)a] march. 2 pass away. ~ [vahiria] member ofthe body of Sikhs on the move.
~[raghar] mulberry.

hair on his head; bald. 'l:fTHa'[khalak] See ~. "khalak thavahu bhula mutha."-maru am 5 ;jjuli. l:fTHW [khalka] Oh God! "$UI)I benati khalka!" -manz sollle m 5. ~ [khalku] See 1::I'"fu-a. ~[khalra] a police station of district Lahore situated at a distance of 13 miles south west of Jallo railway station. Guru Nanak Dev visited this place. A holy shrine has been constructed here. Land measuring 40 bighas' has been allotted to this holy place. J::I'TW [xala] A jl,; n aunt, mother's sister. 2 uncle, husband of mother's sister. l:(l'ft;m' [khalI s] See i::fTffi1. 't:fTfl;;cr [khaIIkl, 1:f"Tfu<3" [khaIIku] A ~(; the Creator, God. "khaIIku khalak, khalak mahI khaIIku."-prabha kabir. l:fTHt [xali] A JI,; adjempty. 2 hollow. 3 without any achievement. "khali cale dhal)i SIU."-S farid. 4 a small channel for flow of water. 5 a beat in musical rhythm, not to be disturbed. ~ [khalu] See 'l:fTW. ~ [khaval)] v eat, consume. ~ ~ ~ [khavan sadre sul] See ~. ~ [khavl)a] v eat. "tera dIta khavl)a." --var sor m 4. 1:R'3' [khavat] eats. 2 adv by eating. "bhukhe khavat laj na aW:."-sor m 5. If'<lOT [khavna] v eat. "khavna jItu bhukh na lagE."-maru am 5. ~ [khavne] eat (v-plural) "jIcaru pmanI khavne."-var ram 2 m 5. ~ [khava] n dug-out pit, cavern, cave. 2 mine, mineral deposits e.g. salt mine. ~ [khavare] makes one eat, helps one eat. "manI bijIa khavare."-nat a m 4.

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bowl presented by Guru Teg Bahadur to a 't:fT'ino [khavin] P d!f} plural of ?::flO [xan]. Brahmin is preserved in village Khiala Kalan. This gurdwara is situated at a distance of "khavini::'l khet mare."-VN. about four miles to the north of Mansa railway ~. [khavE] eats. 2 destroys, eliminates. 3 one having fame; famous. "je ko ba<;la kahaI, ba<;lai station. ~ [klualu] See fl:!nf"t',. "VII)U naVE aludn khavE."-maru soihe m 1. jIti horu khIalu."-var maru 2 m 5. 'tfTii1~ [khav::'ld] P j:j(; n master, lord. "marat hE tako lEke khav;')d ko nam hE."-cJ(li 1. 'ft:mor<!'r [k h I sakr:ta], fcr"Ff<YT [kh nma], ~ [khISal)u], ~r [kh:csna], ~ [khIsarna], 2 husband. ~ [khIsalna] v move from one place, l;f';:~ [kharav] Skt ~ n a measure of six deviate from one"s stand, fall, slip, move aside, musical notes. Se'e oror. skip away. "bacanu kare tE khIsakIjaI bole M~ [khIUl)a] See ~. 2 See fuH~. sabhu kaca."-var maru 2 m 5. "kalIjug han ~~ [klnau] See ~. kia pag t1'E khIskia."-asa eMit m 4. "parbhate fl:n:~ [khIat] Skt CfJlT3" adj famous. "nagri nagri kllIat apar."--bhn CJ kCJbir. 2 explained, tare khISahI."-s kabir. "pagI cautha khISIa."--asa ch~tm 4. "khIsangaIo bhumI described. ftp~ [klnah], .~ [khnhi] Skt Gll:ifl0 n the par qano."-asa m 5. "'pagI khISIE rahIl)a death day, the day of dying. 2 a Hindu rite of nahi."-sri m 3. "'kh:CSE jobanu badhE jarua." -asa chal- m 5. "sabh tap tan te khIsna." feasting the Brahmins for the good of an -phvnhe m 5. "Cardl) kar khIsre tuca deh ancestor's soul 011 the latter's death kumlani."-bhEr m 5. '''karahu upai. darab anniversary. ftplfT3T [khIata] See CIJIlOT. khIsai."-NP f1:n)fTO [khIan] Skt fTl:I'J!1?j' n tale" history, fuwo [klusan], fl:fRW [khIsana] adj mentally anecdote. "nana khIan puran bed bIdhI." disturbed, perturbed. '''jo bar::'lbar kIse nil -SOl' and maru, rCJvIdas. bulavda hE ta os par khIsaI jada hE." ftplf'7i'3" [kh I anat] See 'l::fGIl?i3". -bhagta vii. "gayo maghva uth dham khIsada."-krIsCJn. "kh;'}jan khIsan kine." ftplfTl? [khIal] A J~ n concept, idea. "man me -ramav. ";min murjhane k;'}j kh::'ljan khIsane." upjyo tabE khIal."-NP. 2 meditation, -c5c;Ii 1. "dekh:[ jagat ke log khISanahI." contemplation. "ek khIal vIkhe man rata." -GPs. 3 a musical rhythm forged for singing -GPS. 2 ashamed, abashed. a song. See wrrn 1.fT3RT<ft 10. "nutr pIare nil fl::n::l'rar [xIsara] A IU~' n deficiency, loss, deficit. hal murida da kahIl)a.. yarre da sanu satthII' 'fi:fJ:re [khIs;'}dO] slipping, sliding. "jamI khIsado per."-var maru 2 m 5. c~lga bhattlu khepa da rahIl)a." -hCJzare 10. ftnww [khIala] three villages named Khiala ~ [XI~tl P ~. Skt fuf~ brick. under police station Mansa in Barnala district ftflfOl [klukkhril] Skt N'fl:roT n vixen. 2 n of Patiala state. Guru Teg Bahadur visited . goddess Kali, surrounded by vixens. [khfg] PJ5;. n white-skinned horse; a horse these villages. The Guru ordered the digging whose mouth and aliI the four hooves are of of a well and planting of a banyan tree, which white colour with rosy tinge. "tad khfg still exists there. Patiala state has allotted land nIsGbh ndcaIa."-c5c;Ii 3. 2 horse. "duhil or te measuring 150 ghumaons to the gurdwara. A

l:fTf.fu [khavfd] See

~.

nrn

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fti'ar

khfg khatri nacavE."-CaTItr 120. 3 Skt ~ f'trRt [khlja] P (;,11:7 n autumn. See ~. adj brave, courageous. ~ [khljab] A ~ See ~ and ~. fl:fara" [khfgar], fcfum [khfghar] n over-burnt ~ [xljalat] A ..:;-V n shame. "davida pur brick; hard brittle stone. khl jalat. "-salah. 'fled away feeling fl:hr [khfc] n attraction. "sut khfcE ekakari." ashamed.' -gujam 4. ~[khljotaD], ~[khfjota.r;I], ~ ~ [khfctani] n pull and push, stress and [khfjotar] See ~ and~. "khfjota.r; strain. 2 strong affinity. "Esi madho karEbetale."-BG. "nahl khfjotara."-varmaru khfctani."-brla m 5. 2 m 5. flrtRft [khlcri], f'trB;ft [khlqi] Skt fffiT a dish f1:re' [khljh] n vexation, annoyance. Its root is prepared by mixing rice and sesame. 2 meals fl:re" vr. prepared from rice and mEih lentil (horse beans) ~ [khljhDa] v get irritated, be annoyed. Skt ~ 3 Nowadays, this term is also used N~ [khf 4Da] v scatter, expand, spread. for a mixture of two or three dishes together. "bahute rah man ki mati khf4ia."-var majh It also denotes a mixture of several things. m 1. 'fl;ffu [khfCI] See fcfu. 2 by stretching. ~[khI4ar], ~[khl4ari] adj player. "jy5 ~ [khfcotaD] n pull and push, struggle, patag hE 40r adhina. cahE khl4ar karakh tab persistence. lina."-NP ~ [khfcotaDl] under dilemma, double- ~ [khlDJ Skt ~ n moment, instant. mindedness. "khfcotaDl vlguciE."-suhiam 1. ~ [khlDbhagar] See ~QJO. fcftr [khfj] n tightness, stretch. 2 cord or rope ~ [khl.r;e] in a moment, in an instant. "darabl used for pulling. 3 pull of stubbornness. bhare bha4ar rite lk khlDe."-m 1 var majh. ~ [khfj.r;a] v touch, fondle. "gariba UpClrI fla [khlt] See m. jl khfjE dari."-gau m 5. 'who moves his hand ~ [khltClstva] See l)''3t. over his beard to show his virility to the poor.' fl:ra'ra' [khltab] See 'l:f3'<f. fl::Im.ro[khljmat] or f'crm.rf3'[khljmatr] A ..:;/,;P n flmr[khltl] Sktmn earth, on which all dwell. in attendance. 2 service. "khljmatl kari jCln 2 dwelling, abode, residence. bada tera."-maru ill 1. fi:ffutlf'a"[klutlpatI], ~[khltlpal], 11:ff3orfu ~[khljmatgar], ~ [khljmatdar] [khltrral] lord ofthe earth, ruler of the earth, p;'{..:;/~ servant, waiter, attendant. "hau badi emperor. 2 landowner. prry khrjmatdar."-asa m 5. ftfEr [khfth], '/1::h:r;r [khfthar] Skt cpI1T n tattered f1fI::rHf3' [khrmatI] See f\:r;:p..S. quilt with patch work. 2 robe of rags. 3 mud fl:rt::!l.St [khljmati] See f'tRH3T. wall, wall made of mud bricks. 4 body, ~ [khljar] A 7- adj greenish, green. 2 n physique. Varun, god of vegetables. 3 a prophet, in the flfelf;r [khftharI] to the tattered quilt of patchMuslim scriptures, who is supposed to be a work cloth. "khfthafI mekha aglia jfdu na kai descendant of Noah and contemporary of mekh."-s farid. 'The mortal frame has stitches of many veins, but there is no stitch to bind the Moses. ~ [khrjdrkhan] See "l:['H'U ~. soul.' ~ [khrjrabad] See ~. fl:far[khftha] tattered quilt of patch-work cloth.

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"jogu na khftha jogu na eJaeJE."-suhi m 1. 2 body, physique. "khftha jalI kUIla bhai."-s kCJbir. fl:re' [khId] Skt me;: vr cause distress, terrorise, make nervous. fl:rela' [khIdmat], ~[khIdmatgar]See fcr;=rH3' and ~. fi:l;:'Hffi [XIdmCJti] P J".-.;, n present, gift, offering. 2 an open-mouth vessel used for washing hands and face:; bowl; wash bowl. It is also called CIlamci by pipe-smokers, because it picks up ash from the bowl of the hubblebubble. M:6' [khIdar] Skt ftrfe-a' n poor, indigent, penniless. 2 ascetic. 3 n moon. 4 A ;.-.;, rain. S laziness, dullness. 6 sleep, slumber. ftr~ [khIdraDa], fcreoT?)T [kludrana] dwelling place of ascetics. See 1~. fl:r;~ [klndrabad] Guru Gobind Singh had a stopover here while going to Anandpur from Raipur Rani. This town is situated in Kharar tehsil of district Ambala. A gurdwara has been constructed at this holy place and is looked after by a Sikh priest. According to Bhai Santokh Singh, the Guru fought a battle near this town. "ropar nIkat ahE pur Jr. khIdrabad vaSE tIS thJr. tIS hi dISI dal gCJyo palai. jahI khalsa pith dabai." -GPS. nftRJT [khfdhra], f1::fq;rr [khfdhra], N~ [khf dholra], fcf.q(i)'T [khf dhola], ftf.q(iS't [khfdholi] See ~ and fcfar. "sun donahu khfdhre t;:m dhare."-GPs. "m;~lu jui bhCJrIa nila kala khIdholra tInI vemukhI vemukhE no paIa."-var geJU 1 m 4. The learned people of yore tell that long black robes were kept in the assembly halls of the village; anyone who wished to present

himself before the ruler, would put on this black robe. The ruler could guess the purpose ofthe person from his dress" These robes were generally very dirty and infested with lice because of their repeated use by various complainants. This verse ref~~rs Ito the context that the opposing Marwah Khatris persuaded an ascetic to put on this black-colomed robe and present himself before the emperor to complain against Guru Amar Dass. fl:ffi' [khIn] partide. See ~. "kinn pal nam rIde vaSE bhai."--sor CJ m 1. flfo [khfn] Sktf~F=--l adj in grief, grief-stricken, unhappy. "badan khfn dutI nahi udote." -GPS. 2 sad, frustrated. 3 poor, indigent.
~[khmbMgan],fl:r~[khmbh;'lguna],

destructible in a moment. See "kInnbhagan dehadI."--bIla m 5. "khInbhaguna kE manI mate."-asa m 5. ~ [klunvar] in a moment. "bInasjaI khInvar."-s;:Jva m 3. ~ [khmahu] within the twinkling of an eye. "dukh darad tIh mItahI khInahu."-bavcm. fcrfn [khII1I] in a moment. fi:rn't [khJ:ni] a moment. "rahanu na jaI khIni."-J:JIla m 5. f1fQ [khnw] See fcrc:. "khInu khInu namu samaliE."-sri m 3. ~ [kllInua] moment. "apan ram na cino khInua."-toc;li m 5. fl:rtr [khIp] See fGftf. 2 adj f6fl{ thrown, projected. "rIpukhIp bahur ucar."-sCJnama. 'noose thrown upon an enemy.' 3 See ft:ll.f. 4 See f'tn:r. ~ [khIPDak] See 6(~. f1:ftIit [khIpDi] adj which throws a projectile. "rIPDi adI ucarkE khIPDi bahur bakhan. nam tupak ke hot hE lijahu samajh sujan."-sCJnama. 'the gun, mean1tto kill the enemy.'

~ [khInbMgur]

m;;rro.

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ftftr [khIpp] n a kind of grass. This grass is

spread over the wooden rafters and a layer of soil is laid on it while making roofs of mud houses in villages. fl:n:r [khIpr] See ful:r and f6n{. ~ [XIffat] A ~ n hollowness, flippancy. 2 shame. 'ftm[khIm] See'fuHr. "kapafUpahIrokhImka." -var sor m 4. 'wear a dress of forgiveness.' fulfi5r<!T [khImakl).a] v flash (lightning) momentarily. "khImi damIni janu bhad6 majhara."-cJc;ii 2. fuw [khIma] Skt iifHT n forgiveness, accommodation, courage. "khIma vIhul).e khapIgae."-oJkar. 2 the earth. nmt [khImi] See~. 2 Ski m-ft adj tolerant, (one) having a forgiving nature, accommodating. ~ [khIyal] See fl:rnfrff. 2 A Jl? horserider, horseman. "hal).yo ek khana khIyala khataga."-VN. ftfQ [khIr] Skt ~ adj destructible. "e akhar khIrIjahIge."-gau bavan kabir. 2 See f\:r;:RjT. 3 P j n happiness, bliss. ~ [khIrka] See "/1::rc;)or. 2 See ~. 'f1:fam [khIrki] See flsoit. ftrefl:ra [khIrkhIr] onom act or sound of loud laughter; guffow, immense pleasure. "badnE bInu khIr khu hasta."-basJt kabir. 'Mind, sans mouth, laughs loudly on feeling pleasure.' See iW= 1:fFI}f. ~ [khIral).], ftRJ<yr [khIrl).a] See ~. ftrait [khIrl).i] Skt ~ n a softwood milky tree which is very old in age and large in size. Its fruit is like that of margosa tree and is very sweet. The after-effect ofthis fruit is to keep the body warm and hydrated. L Mimusops Elengi (Kauki). f1:fa3'[khIrat] Skt'6i!'fu3" adj dripped down, fallen down. 2 destroyed. 3 dropped down. 4 fallen, degraded. "khakha, khuat khapat gaye kete."

-gau ba van kabir.

fi:re"e' [xIrad] P J.t n wisdom, intelligence.

fl:re'o'T [khIrna] v bloom, blossom, flourish.

2 drip, leak. 3 slide, escape. 4 crumble bit by
bit.

'fl:re7ft [khIrni] See ftrait.

[khnfat] A "':;;'7 interesting story; amusing tale. fi:Rrno [X Irman] P c:!.t n threshing floor. 2 heap offood grains. fi:fertr (khIraj] See l:RJTR. "khIraj na mal."-gau ravIdas. "ganimul khIraj hE."-japu. fi:ra'r>.re [xnamad] P --"Ij walks charmingly, should walk charmingly, will walk charmingly. See fi:RrHte?l. fI:ra'rHT [xnamii] P ULfj walking elegantly, walking with graceful gait. See fi:RrHte?l. ~ [xnamidan] P (j.vt7 v walk charmingly; walk elegantly. [khIrI] See fcrcr. 2 after decaying, on decaying. 3 by blooming. 4 by slipping away. fim'[khIl] Skt~ vr gather grains, glean grains, pluck. 2 Skt adj residual, remaining. 3 See ~. 4 A n band, group, class. 5 family, dynasty. See ~. 6 See fl:n;). 7 short for akhIl (entire, all). ~ [khIlauna] n an object with which one can play; a toy. "logan ram khIlauna jana." -bhEr kabir. Ml:r[klnlas] A ~ n true friend. adj beautiful, charming. ~ [klnlak] A ~ n robe, dress. "tIh chIn khIlak akas te utaryo guru ~hIg aI."-NP. 2 torn or tattered quilt. fl:mca [khIlkat] A ~ n universe, world. 2 origin, creation. ~ [khIlkal See ~. ~ [khIlkhana] A ~(;J?' family and home. "khIlkhana bIradar hamu jajala."-maru solhe
~

nmr

J?'

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rnWE

[kh I Ia VCl Dh a r ], fC:f"l?~~~ [khIlavaJ(lharo] adjtheAlmighty: who impels us to act according to His Will. off clothes. In olden times, the emperor used to put off his clothes and give them away in ~ [kluIIa] in bloom, flourished. "pargasu bhaIa kaul khIIIa."-gau chat m 5. charity; hence khIIClt is considered 'a robe of honour' 3 dress, robe. 4 c10things received flffior [klubna] See fcn$r. [khIll] n fully parched and burst grain etc. from an emperor, considered as symbol of 2 See feR? honour. 5 A lz.l,;~ gifted object, object received as gift. 6 elements of the body: Psora, fl:l1;ft [khIlli] n humour, mockery, jest. 2 an act which amuses and makes people act imparting Syphlisis and Sycosis. Practitioners of Greek a feeling offulfilment. system of medicine believe in four elements i.e. Ij; Blood, 'i'"' Psora, Syphlisis and ~ [khivaD] v See n~. "khIvat bIjju by Sycosis. Psora is black residue obtained jvaIIka. :'-gyan. 'Lightning is flashing'. "satIgur ka khJ:VE eadoa."-var ram 3. on burning of blood, Syphlisis and Sylosis. It is contagious. ~ [khrrka], [khIrkiJ Skt ~ n ~H3T [khIlta] A :Jj n loose gown worn by a window, opening, slit. "khIrki UpClrI dasva f::tq ir. 2 See 1:fi:flor. duar."-bhEr kClbir. 2 door with wooden rods. ~ffi'jT [khIlna] v blossom, flourish. 2 n sharp ~ [klurkh:qJ See ~. tipped agricultural implement used for hoeing. fcf;rc')T [khlrna] v flourish. 2 be happy. 3 laugh. It is specially used in the hills. ~~ See l:I1ij' [khiu], l:I1' [khioJ Skt ~ adj extremely i!(?c'lT. happy, exhilarated, intoxicated. "uhi pio uhi khio."-gau m 5. 2 Skt GrliT destruction. "sClhIje ~~ [khIlvat] A ,,::..;; n loneliness, solitude, s,~c1usion. bIkhIa bhCli khio."--asa ill 5. ~~[khIlvar] adjwho plays. "khel bas5t bade cfur [khis] n shame, humiliation. 2 displeasure, khIlvar."-CClrItr 52. protest, anger. 3 Skt fct;1scp adj destroyed, decayed. "aj kal me hot khis."-GV 10. ~w [khIla] adj in full bloom, developed, flourished. 2 played. "han khel sabhI khIla." 1:fu:Jr [khisa] P ~(n pocket of a shirt or a coat. l:ifura' [kmghClr] See cfuRr. -var gClU 1 m 4. ~~ [khIlaUI:m] v cause one to play. 2 make cfttr [khie], 'l::l'n3' [khicl n attraction, pull. 2 persistence, obstinacy, stubbornness. one eat; feed. ~W<! [khIlaD] adj playing, player. "bir calak 1ffira'7IT [khictani], cifd3'c'l [kmctan] n pull and push. 2 act of interpreting an ambiguous khClgg5 khIlaIJa."-VN. sentence to suilt one's convenience. rn~ [XIlaf] A ..JJ.1? adj opposite, against. 2 n dispute. 3 fabrication, falsehood. "m khIlaph l:ittJat [khicri] See f1:rtr.ft. "khub khana khicri." -skClbir. tujh s5g gau."-NP. [XIlafat] A "::;'J.l,? n title of a caliph; cffirr [khica] n Sel~ cfu:r. 2 space, gap, distinction. "bie nCl khiea, hau tera tU mora."-bIla ill 5. spiritual and temporal headship ofthe Muslims. 'l:ITtr [khij] n unhappiness, displeasure, 2 authority of a caliph. See 'l:fC'ft~.
ClYO."-CClrItr 1 03. 2 A ~ n act of putting

m 5. 2 See ilc? 2, 3, 4 and ~'jT. fl:r:ffi=ft [khIlji] See 'l:fffift. ftfffi'f [khIIClt] playing. "khIIClt akhetClk Ihtha

[klularl)la] scatter, spread. 2 expand.

flmr6t [khIlari] See il"wrm.

f1:rl;rr~r:Q

weft

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annoyance. See M. lfuJr [khira] milk. See'l::iRr. "mukhr nam tumaro 1:fttrc';T [khijna] v be annoyed. khira."-to<;U rn 5. 2 animal with deciduous ~ [khijh], cftwir [khijhna] See 'fcr.r, cfu:r and J::it:ror. (milk) teeth. 3 Skt ~ n cucumber, usually "jInkirijhkhijh bIn moghu."-GPS. 'Pleasure grown in the rainy season. L Cucumis sativus. and annoyance are definitely effective. ' 4 P ~) adj shameless, devoid of sense of 'l:iI<r [khil).], ~ [khil).a] Skt ~ adj lean, slim. honour. 5 disrespectful, discourteous. 6 daring, 2 reduced, weak. "bIr;:'ldhu bh;:'lra t~mu khil).." bold. 7 surprised, astonished. 8 n dimness -sri rn 1 pahne. 3 destroyed. "khil). p;:'ldar;:'lth appearing before the eyes, meaning the gh;:'lr ke hoe."-GPs. "k;:'lhr k;:'lbir krlbrkh g;:'le eyesight getting dazed. khil).a." -prabha. 'l:itg [khiru] S milk. See 1:fur."khiru piE khelaiE." J;;{ti:r [khidh], cfti:r' [khldha] n tattered quilt. -sri rn 1 pahIre. 2 ocean of milk. "ratdnu upar 2 old coarse and tattered quilt. "uper k;:'lu magdu dh;:'lre khiru mdthra."-asa rn 1. khidha."-s kabir. "khidh ek raja pdr dhdri." 'l::im' [khilE] makes merry, enjoys. "khilE brgsE -carItr 383. teto sog."-basat a In 1. l:fIo[khin] See "jdldhr bIn khin."-gaukabir. ~[khiv] Skt~ adj intoxicated, exhilarated, 2 Skt ~ distressed, perturbed. "khat piv;:'It ecstatic. s;:'lvat sukhia, nam srmr;:'lt khin."-sar rn 5. ~[khivdnJ,~[khivna],1:ikfo[khiv;:'lnr] v "mina jdlhin he, uh brchur;:'lt mdnut;:'lnU khin be intoxicated, be extremely happy. See cfk. hE."-asa chat rn 5. "ram nam rdS khivdnr."-sar In 5. ~ [khinsua] adj got reduced, weakened. ~ [khiva] Skt ~ intoxicated, highly excited. "tdnu khinsua."-gau rn 5. 2 sad, depressed. See cfk. "khiva amrrtudharE."-asa In 1. "ta ~ [khinkhaph], tf\ocrra" [khinkhab] See mdnu khiva jal).iE."-sri In 1. 2 See ~ qW. mfCI1"8". "khinkhaph lagE j;:'lri suddr dutrvati." ~ qW [khiva k;:'lla] a village under police -GPs. "khinkhab ke than gh;:'lnere."-GPs. station Mansa of district Barnala in Patiala l:ftoT [khinaJ See ~. "nm;:'lhu nir b;:'lhE t;:'lnu state. It is seven miles to the north-west of khina."-sor bhIkhan. 2 disturbed, sad, Mansa railway station. Guru Teg Bahadur annoyed. "kahu m k;:'lrte kdChu khina."-bIla visited this place. Freehold land measuring rn 5. about 150 ghumaons is allotted by the state to l:fto'l [khini] adj decayed. 2 became, dejected. the gurdwara. The priest is a Sikh. 1:fur [khir] Skt ~ that which tones up the body l:ffift [khivi] feminine of~ [khiva]. 2 See 1::i'Wt }fI3T. against debility hence called k$ir; milk. "khir ddhar barrku j;:'lb hota."-rnala rn 5. 2 rice ~ [khivisdhu], cfWttlfu [khivipdtr] Guru cooked in milk; custard. Skt 6iftoTo "r;:'ls amrrt Angad Dev. See cfWt }fI3T. khir ghrali."-var ram 3. "khir s;:'lmanr sagu ~ lfT3T [khivi mata] wife of Lehna (Guru mE para."-maru kabir. 3 See cft2. Angad Dev), daughter of Devi Chand Khatri l:ffimJf-e- [khirsdmud], cffin:n:f~ [khirsdmudr] ofKhadoor Sahib. She was married to Lehna According to Purans, an ocean of milk, on in Sammat 1576. She expired in Sammat 1639. The shrine in her memory is located in Khadoor which Lord Vishnu sleeps. ~~' The Sahib. "mata khivi s;:'Ihu SOl, jrnr gor uthali." fourteen precious gems are supposed to have emerged from the churning of this ocean. -varraIn 3.

*.

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[khuaul)a] v cause one to lose. 2 make one go astray, cause one to forget. "jISahI khuai tISU kaul)u kahE?"-var ram 1 m 1. "dujEbhaI khuaI."-sri m 3. "dujEbhaI khuai ram."-vaQ chat m 3. "jIS no apI khuae karta."-asa am 1. 3 miss a chance, miss an opportunity. ~~ [khuaIcmu] he misled. "IkI dujEbhaI khuaIanu."-var suhi m 3. 1jf'~ [khuaiahI] causes to go astray. 2 is made bereft. 3 is caused to miss the oPlPortunity. "Ikna vakhat khuaiE."-asa am 1. 'The time of Muslim prayer is missed.' 1jf'W [khuaja] See ~. ~8' [khuab] See ~. 1p)f1m [khuabi] ad} sleepy. ~'ij' [khuar] P ;If ad} unappredated. "man khuar sakatnar thivE."-brla m 5. 2 distrustful, unreliable. 3 one who suffers; in such a situation this term is used as Cll suffix. e.g. :ol1-IJfQ. ~-at [khuari] P iJ.ilf n humiliation, disrespect, insult. "han bIsrat sada khuari."-toQi m 5. 2 weakness. l;!rr3' [khuarE] feeds. "kou pan khuarE." -ramav. l;!ftr [khUI] n error, omission, fault. "rOVE janmeja khUI gaIa."-var ram 1 m 1. 2 adv mistakenly. "ana bola khUI ujhap paI."-gau var 1 m 4. lffil\! [khUId] See ~. ~. [khui] misguided, gone astray. "dUjE bhaI khui."-tukha barahmaha. ~ [khus] n act of snatching. "khuSI khuSI If'da vasatu parai."-maru am 5 .21}uli. 2 P Jf ad} happy, joyous. 3 favourite, liked. 4 good, nice. lJR11lt;re' [xU$SIyar] P ~Jf ad} good-natured, good-tempered. ijF.Ii;T'H[xu$-hal] P Jtr} ad} prosperous. 2 happy,

If>W~

blessed. "bEthak me bEthyo khus-hal."-GPS. ~ [xu$-hali] P J~f} prosperity, happy state. ~ [xu$ak] P,y adj dry, parched. 2 indifferent. ~ [xu$xabri] P iJjJJ!: n auspicious news, joyful tiding. "hale yara, hale yara khuskhabri?"-tr1;~g namdev. 'lfETlJ' [XU$xu] P Ii adj good-natured. ~ [xu$zuba] lJ upJ} adj sweet-tongued; pleasant to talk to. ~[xu$tarak] P J;~} adj excellent, superb. 2 exultant. ~ [xu$nud] P J?'} adj glad, joyful. ~ [xu$nudi] P iJJJ;!;} n joy. lJFli [khusbu], ~~t [khusbo], ~ [khusboI] P #-f n fragrance, pleasant smell. '1::fffif [xusar] P ; . Skt father-in-law; fosterfather. li'RW [khusraj P 'l""':' If superintendent of the harem (women's apartment). In olden times, during the Muslim rule, congenitally impotent or castrated males were appointed superintendents of the harems. The word 'khusra' has, thus, become equivalent of 'impotent maIE:s.' "bi'du rakhI jau tariE bhai! khusrE kIU na paramgatr pai?"-gau kabir. 'lfR'6' [xusro] J/" king, emperor. Scholars consider that iit is derived from XU$ru. 2 Khusro Sultan was emperor Jahangir's eldest son born to his wife Shah Begum, daughter of raja Bhagwan Das at Lahore in the year 1587. He rebelled against his father and came to Lahore with the intention of capturing it. However, the subedar did not let him enter the city. Khusro was arrested from Chenab. Jahangiir awarded death sentence to his associates and got Khusro's eyes stitched. He died in 1622 after long imprisonment. By

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966 submitting a false report that Guru Arjan had l.ftRI"'C!" [khukhral)] See ~ and ~. helped Khusro, Chandu incited Jahangir against ~ [khugir] See ~. the latter. ljtl'3' [khujClt] searching P ~I n coitus. "khujClt ij'F.I' ~ [xu:;; lClka] P r;JJ} adj good-looking. turClk na kijIye."-GPs. i.e. 'Do not have coitus ijW [xu:;;a] P i,;-} part good!excellent! with a Muslim woman etc.' commendable! ~ [khujli] See 1::fTH 2. 7:f'f.l'l"fu [xu:;;aI] P LI i,;-} nice that you have ~ [khujia] adj one who investigates; come, welcome. 2 See gF.I"Tfu. investigator. "khoj thClke sClb hi khujia." ~ [xu:;;amCld] P .J.i,;-} n flattery. 2 the act of -akai. making someone happy. ~ [khujh] Skt ~ n bamboo. "CadCln vas 'lj~ [khusal] P J(fj> adj well-to-do, happy, nIvas nCl khujhE."-BG. 'Fragrance does not delighted. "madClr khusal khatClr." -ramav. reside in the bamboo.' ~ ft:fur [khu:;;al sigh] son of Hargobind, a lf~ [khUjhl)a] n err; make a mistake. "vad Gaur Brahmin by caste, resident ofIkri, district kClredClf khUjhE." -BG. Mehrat. He was recruited as a soldier in ~ [khut-hClr] adj debased, perfidious, impure. Dhaunkal Singh's platoon in sammat 1864 in "m.m khut-hClr tera nClhI bIsasu."-bIla m 5. the army of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. On one ~ [khutai], ~ [khutIai] n baseness, blemish, vice. "pnthie ki Im suni khutai." occasion, impressed by his elegant turn-out, the Maharaja exclaimed "It would have been -GPS. better, had this young man been a Singh." yZw [khutera] adj having defect, defective. Khushala at once turned Khushal Singh. He ~ [khuc;!] n ditch, hole. "khodi khuc;! nClhI kEse also got his son Ramlal, and his brother's son lClhyo."-GPs. Teju baptized as Singhs. Eventually, he was lfir [khUc;!] See i~. promoted to the post of a supervisor of ~ l)J61aa@IM1 [khuc;!a1 ClkbClrvali] a village in Maharaja's antechamber. Khushal Singh died police station Boha, tehsil Mansa, circle in 1844. His descendants' seat ofadministration Barnala of Patiala state. A gurdwara of Guru is Sheikhupura to which are attached 180 Gobind Singh stands a furlong away to the villages of several districts (Sheikhupura, south of the village. When the Guru was staying at Sirsa, the Sialkot, Lahore and Amritsar) with Rs 1,20,000 daughter of Nabi Baksh, ruler of the area, as ll1come. confined Gulab Singh, a Sikh goldsmith, to a ~ [khusa1i] P JI.-Jf n prosperity, opulence. 2 happiness. dungeon. Enamoured of the man, she wanted lfu[khuSI] by snatching, by usurping. See ~ 1. to have sexual relation with him, but he did not 'lJF.ft [xu:;;i] P n happiness. "khusi khuar bhCle want to blemish Sikhism, his faith. Accompanied by five Sikhs, the omniscient ras bhogCll)."-maru a m 1. 2 adj favoured. Guru arrived at the village and liberated that "rClhIt ko khusi na aYClu."-savEye m 3 ke. "jo Sikh from the dungeon and delivered a religious sIkhuno 10cE so gur khusi aVE."-var gau 1 m 4. '!fffi!T [khussl)a] v get entangled. 2 scatter. 3 get sermon to Nabi Baksh. That underground cell is still there in the village. duped. ~ [khuhdi] residue, remnant. See~. 1lf[l:[-1:!Cf. breach of cclebacy.

J}

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1:f~T

A simple structure has been improvised lj'Eft [khutthi] adj bewildered, perplexed. 2 n there. Residential quarters are closeby. PaHala purse for holding money, wallet. 3 pile of rolls, state has granted 50 ghumaons ofland as well. heap ofclothes. "jle khutthi bfqa bahE, kID hOI Two miles long unmetalled path links it with bajaj."-BG. Bareta railway station. Jj"e" [xud] PJf part self. "khud khasam baqa ljir [khuqq] hole, ditch. See ~. atol."-tr];J/r; m 5. lj'og [khUqh] Skt ~ n trunk of a felled tree. lj'~ [khUdkar] P ./(;;} king. 2 lord, master. "susak khuqh s6 lagkar thaqho. "-GPS. "khakhekhGdkarsahalam."-asa patim 1. "mr 2 broken tree trunk, sleeper. 3 cylindrical roller adhule ki tek tera nam khGdkara."-tr];Jg to extract juice by crushing sugarcane. namdev. 3 /t-e} is also a transform of "khuqha adan rakhI kr denI su m;)l sajaI." xudav;'ldgar. -val' majh m 1. lj't!C(I'ijT [khi)dkara] vocative "he khUdkar! he lj'-.gr [khUqha] SkI' ~ adj blunt, not sharp. khUdgar!" ~'[khul)as] n mind's dispersion, spleen, anger. ~ [xudku~i] po j;} n suicide. "khadhikhUl)as jogisra."-BG. "vekh caIItr jogi 13'elfm{ [khudkhasam] one who is his own khul)saI."-BG. master, and is unconcerned with any other ~~ [khul)sal)a] v be disconnected, fret., get person's supremacy. "khudkhasam baqa enraged. See 1j<!t1. atol."-tr];Jg m 5. 13C!i')T [khul)na] Skt l::I?lo n digging, hoeing. ~ [xudxudar] one's own master; one's 2 ~mgraving name etc. on the skin with a own creator. "khudkhudaI baq besumar." needle; tattoo. -ram m 5. ~~ [xutan] P If n a region of Chinese 13t!'i1Teil [khudgarjl P li.hf adj self-centered, Turkistan, where musk deer are found in selfish. abundance. ~ [khudgarji] P (ffif n selfishness. 1f8l'IT [khutba] A ~ speech, discollrse. lj't!'a'J'Ta" [khfJdgar] P ~~ See 1j'~ and 2 address delivered by an imam at the prayers 13,iidl''3. before Friday or after Eid. It is recorded in 7:fQ1-IT [xudnuma] P L'Jf adj self-exhibitionist Mishkat that Prophet Mohammad used to i.e. proud, arrogant, self-centred. 2 vainglorious. deliver khutba with great fervour. According ~ [xudnumai] P JtiJ} n exhibitionism, to the custom prevailing in Islam, the person boastfulness. 2 sdf-praise. (preacher) delivering khutba should stand on ~ [xudpas;'ld] P J:-:'J} adj self-admirer. a high pedestal and offer prayers for Prophet ~ [xudparast] P ":'Y';J} adv self-admirer; Mohammad and the Caliph (the Prophet's proud. successor). On assuming the right of ~ ~ [xudbaxod] P J!"ji adv without succession, the kings of Baghdad and Rome anybody's help; on one's own. started khutbas to be read in theiir names. As ~[xudmuxtar]P .Jl:~J} adj independent, is written by Bhai Gurdas: "xutba jaI one who is not dominated by anyone else. parafda."-var 26. 1;f~ [xodravi] P uw} acting according to ljw [khuttha] adj ruffled. 2 twitched, reduced one's own will. to a nonentity. See~. 1;fT [xuda], ~ [xudaI] P f.;.$. n one who is

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self-existent, self-born, the Creator. "koi bolr ram ram koi khudaI."-ram m 5. 'Ji~ [xudaIa] of God. "khunak nam khudaIa."-var mala m 1. 2 P ~f~ 0 God! "sacu khudaIa."-maru solhe m 5. ~ [xudai] P JI~ adj relating to God, of God. "allah agarn, khudai b;'Jde."-maru solhe rn 5. "mula, kahahu nIau khudai."-prabha kabir. 2 n dominance, lordship. 3 awareness of the Creator. "vekhE SUI,lE terE nalI khudai." -maru m 5 ~ju1i. 4 devotee ofGod, Musalman. "tfh gnh roj khudai avE."-CarItr 99. 5 short for khudvai; excavation. "gahri karkE niv khudai. "-dhana namdev. 6 wages for excavation. ~ [khudasfgh] son born to Sukhdei, wife of Bhai Nattha Singh of village Shyamgarh (district Kamal) in Bhadon Sammat 1843, and named Jaswant Singh at the time ofhis baptism as a Sikh. He grew up as very robust, handsome, refined and sagacious, and was married to Chand Kaur. On the advice of those who counted, Jaswant Singh was appointed a station house officer at Kurri!. During the tenure of his office, he dealt sternly with thieves and dacoits and peace prevailed all around. Baba Jaswant Singh's association with Baba Bhag Singh of Kuri, Baba Bir Singh of Naurangabad and Baba Sahib Singh of Una resulted in his turning into a saintly person. His voice was melodious. He recited Gurbani so melodious that all would be moved to the core of their hearts. Baba Jaswant Singh preached Gurmat in Majha and turned many persons belonging to Multan, Panja Sahib, Hajro, Kharabad, Naushehra, Peshawar, Jalalabad, Kabul. Bukhara etc into believers.
Ikurri is near Shyamgarh in district Kamal.

Tehal Singh, a disciple of Baba Jaswant Singh, used to call himself' Ali', named Gulab Singh (his brother by faith) as 'Mohammad' and Baba Jaswant Singh 'Khuda' i.e. God. The Baba, therefore, came to known as 'Khuda Singh'. After the battle ofChillianwala, the British government took Khuda Singh into custody for a few days upon suspicion, but set him free, thinking that he was a saint. Khuda Singh spent last years of his life at a place between the birth place of Guru Ram Das and Divan Khana of Guru Arjan Dev, where a good number of devout Sikhs used to visit him. The Baba breathed his last on the waning moon's tenth day in the month ofAsu vadi,19l8. ~ [xudatala] ;L.(;,if.J the Creator who is the greatest of all. F t!T ~orHtJT [khuda da roznamcaJ See itT. 'ij'e'" ~ [xuda naxvasta] P ;;--fj,~ part May God not do so! May the Creator not like it! ~ [khudayi] See ~. ~ [xudavadJ P .tJf~ n Master, Lord. 2 the Creator. ije,liedlid [xudavadgarJ P Master, Lord. 7:ftIT [xudi] P l.5J} n egoism, self-obsession. "khudi rnIti tab sukh bhae."--bavan. "khudi mIti chuka bholava."-majll m 5.2 one's self. 1jQ' [khudhJ n ~s~ VI' feel hungry, be voracious. ~ [khudha], 'lffq [khudhI], ~ [khudhIaJ SA:1 ~ n hunger, desire for eating. "khudhIa nIdra kala."-mala am 1. "khan pan an nahi khudhIa."-dhana m 5. 2 greed, yearning. "japu hannam mIti khudhI tasu."-g;:w ill 5. ~[khudhIarth], ~ [khudhIarthi], ~ [khudhIavat] Skt ~smf-~~. adj tormented by hunger, hungry. "jIU maha khudhIarth bhog."-bIlac> m 5. "khudhIa\-at na jaI,lai laj kulaj."-var gau 1 m 5.

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water. 2 washerman's basin in which clothes immersed in water and mixed with washing soda are steamed in order to remove dirt. "bhE -GPS. VIC khDbI caraiE."-val' asa. 3 Skt i}'1,P1 'J3OC{[xunak] P ,.j~' adj cool, chilled. "atas dunia khunak nam khudaIa."-var mala m 1. mushroom, terrigenous substance of white colour and round head/domed cap which 2 happy, elated. ~ [xunki] n chill, coolness. grows during the rainy season. It is used as vegetable. Mushrooms of Afghanistan and ~ [khunak] a~' a disease. Skt ~ and dlMd fuil croup. khunak means choking of Kashmir last long and are very delicious. L the breath. This disease makes breathing Agaricus Camp(:stris. difficult hence the name. The palate gets ljfu [khObI] on the mushroom. See ~lf 2. inflamed. Inhaling and exhaling of the breath 1f~ [khubh] Skt iCJ;'l-1 vr churn, get enraged. 2 See ~<!;r. become difficult. The disease starts from influenza. One is slightly feverish, voice gets ~[khubhdl).]n act ofsinking, or being bogged hoarse, food doesn't go down the throat, which down in a quagmire, . 2 See ~. turns red due to inflammation. With rise in the ~ [khublU':ta], ~~f<!T[khOblwa], ~[khubhna] intensity ofthe disease, the body-temperature v sink, be bogged down. "nadi tradi mEQa khoju na khObhE."-val'guj2 m 5. 'Swimming in the increases. It is a source of unbearable pain at night. Some expert should be immediately river ofthe world, my foot does not sink in the contacted for treatment. The following are the quagmire ofsensualities.' common remedies: ~ [khubhri] sunk, bogged down. "khubhri Taking a mild laxative, having a decoction kuthaI."-sava m 5. ofsyrup of black berries or decoction of husks ij"H [xum] P ( n barrel for storing liquor. ofmyrobalan and crucifier, mixed with honey, 2 kettledrum for use in a battle. steaming of the larynx with vapours of boiling 1j1-fa" [khumar] A / tpfQ" n liquor, intoxicant. margo leaves by means of a tube, 'lfH"6" [khumarJ A.lV Ji}fTO n distiller and seller administering the decoction of violets and of liquor. 2 hangover; uneasiness caused by cathario caq:ms fistula. hangover. ljO'}[t [khunami] state of losing reputation, that ~[khumariJ, ~j~ [khumaroJ n intoxication results in bad name; guilt, crime. "km khunami caused by liquor; ecstasy. "jEse kh6d khumari. "-keda kabil'. SI~e ift. "harnas rapIo pIkhi hamari."-GPS. 2 adj criminal, guilty. "duhi sarai khunami kahae."-suhi m 5. khumaro."-sal' m 5. ~[khunIda] P adj appreciated, praised. lf6"[khur] Skt n part ofthe animal's foot, which 2 liked, approved. "kalakh katf:da khurasan touches the earth, and is very hard; hoof; small ko khunIda."-gyan. 3 ~.t:'f reader. 4 singer. iron heel for a hoof; horse shoe. 2 claw talon, ~ [xuftah] P ~ adj asleep, dormant. nail. "Ikna per21J:1 SIr khur pate."-asa a In 1. 'Garments of some have: been torn from head ~ [xuftan] P ~ v sleep, slumber. to foot, i.e. they have been disgraced by ~[xufIya],~~[khuphia] A adjsecret, soldiers.' 3 razor, See ~:o. "bacan kio kartar concealed. ljlf [khOb] Skt ~ n saline water, alkaline khur nahI laiE."--guI'Usobha. 4 See ~.
lfOI1 [khunas], sJ7i'ROT [khunasna] malice. See 1f<!Ff-~. "khunSE jaryo na jaI pratapu."

omur,

u!

-:!

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~

[XUrd$] P J.J} n victuals, food.

l:f~ [xun;dd], J;f-aRt [xur$Ed] P ~.J} n xur

(sun) $Ed (illuminating) - the illuminating sun. yO'a" [khurdk] n premonition, apprehension, worry. "mdn te khurdkna jaI."-CdrItr 33. 2 See 'l::fIt1 2. 3 Skt a kind of dance. yaafto [khurgin], ~ [khurgir] P j} n xu (perspiration) gir (catcher) saddle blanket, thick cotton or woollen blanket spread under a saddle. "tIn ke ture jin khurgir sdbhI pdvItu hdhI."-var sor m 4. "ldgyo jin bica khurgina
PdroYO."-GPs.

See ~. 2 n waste obtained by scraping residue sticking to the bottom ofa pot of boiled milk, specifically the thickened khoa (paste ofcondensed milk) in the cauldron. See ifw. ~ [khurdCl).a], ~[khurdcna] Skt~, v collect a substance by scratching with a sharp implement; scratch, peel, scrape. 2 n scraper. 1j"ijift [khurji], ~ [xurjin] P df}-J.} n bag placed over the thick woollen cloth in which the rider keeps things required for daily needs. 2 travelling expenses. 3 rug on a donkey's back. ~[khurdd] P J} ~ adjsmall. 2 segmented, fragmented. 3 P J./j eats. 4 eaten. ~ [xurddst] has eaten. "khurddst ja jIgdr ra."-ramav. See ~. l:f~ [xurdd-hdi] P 'J.J; thou hath eaten.
See~.

~ [khurCdl).]

[xurddn] P t,;)J;} v eat, consume, take. 2 n consuming; eating and drinking. l:f~ [xurddni] P jJ;} edible thing, food. "dunia murdar khurddni."-tr].g m 5. ~ [khurddra], ~ [khurddra] See~. 1jijl.lT [khurpa] Skt ~d1;[ n that which cuts like a razor; tool for cutting grass and for weeding. ~w [xurpuza] P DJ{} See ~. ~ [xurfa] See ~.
l:f'ijt!O

[khurbar] thud of a hoof, sound of a hoof. Skt 19~ "ghordn ki khurbar bdjE bhud."-krr$dn. l:fIDfT [xurma] P L} n dried date. "khdjur te tut pdryo khurma."-cJQi 1. 2 sweetmeat resembling a dried date. "moddkkhurme bdhu mi$tana."-NP. 3 This word has also been used in Sikh literature for Kurum, a town and a river in Afghan istan. "db cdl khurme ndgdr mdjhara." -NP. See~. [khurli] n trough for cattle's fodder; manger. 2 custom of serving meals during a marriage in Khatri families wherein sweetmeats were heaped before all. Now, people hesitate to eat in this way. 3 Skt site of military parade. 4 practice of arms training. l.fijT [khura] n impression of a hoof; footprint. "khura khoj janyo mhI jai."-GPS. y~ [khurasan] Skt and P (;}V,) territory extending to the east of Iran and the west of Afghanistan; Herat and Mashhad are its important towns. Babar writes that for the Indians the western area beyond Sindh was all Khurasan. "khurasan khdsmana kia hfdustan q.draIa."-asa m 1. ~ [xurak] P Jlj} n food, meals, victuals. 2 hoofed animal. F itA' ~ [khura khoj mItaUl).a] v efface footprint on the earth. 2 annihilate, making one incapable of leaving a footprint on the earth again. Associated meaning: removal from the terrestrial sphere. ~[khurat] adjclever, willy; its root is khuran.

ym

See~l.

1f6'C!T [khural).a] a village in tehsil and police station Sangrur, situated to its north-east at a distance of four miles from railway station Sangrur. From village Akoi, Guru Hargobind Sahib proceeded to grace this place. The Sikh temple has three bighas of land attached to it.

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It also gets eighteen rupees annually from lind

state. lJ'ijTj') [khuran] P UI~i:Jf adj spililer of bllood, bloody. "khaQe akhaQ khuni khuran."-kalki.
2See~.

~ [xuranidan] P i:J-iI~f
Jj~

v feed; make one

take meals. [xurafat] A .::.-Glj n plural of xurafat (chatter); futile talk. lJm [khuri] n foot of a quadruped. See, lj'Q. 2 hoofprint, mark of a foot. 3 heel of a shoe. 4 iron mounting on a shoe's heel. 5 brisk gait; race; dash. 6 swift flow of a stream. '7 Skt ~hoofed animal. ~ [xurram] P (j adj happy, glad. ~ [khul] n liberty, freedom, independence. ~ [xulas] A ~ adj sacred, pure, unadulterated. ~ [khulhanu] See C:fffiJ'T?i. "jam man kare khulhanu." -sri ill 1. lJ'l?cr [khulak] Skt n joint ofa leg and foot; talus. 2A disposition, nature, habit. J3ffi!" [xulad] A .At n permanence, perpetuity. 2 place of stay. 3 heaven, paradise. ~ [khulna] v be emancipated, get salvation. "maIa-phas badh bahu badhe, han japIo khul khulne."-nat m 4. "khule hat hoa vaparu." -var suhi ill 1. 2 be revealed, emerge. lJ~ [khular] a Khatri subcaste among distinguished Sarins. "naia khular guru pIara." -BG. lJ~ [khulra] adj spacious, open. "khulre kapat."-sri chat ill 5. 2 unfettered, free. lJW [khula] adj unfettered, redeemed, free. 2 vast, large-hearted. JiWJ1 [xulas] A vfJJP sense of redemption (emancipation). 2 adjunbound, redeemed. 'l3 M'A:j Md<ll\fll:f [xulasatultavarikh] History of Punjab, written by Sujan Rai ofBatala in 1697. It has two parts; in one are mentioned the main

tY

places and towns ofPunjab. In a way, it shows the geography ofPunjab ofthose times. In the other part is described the history of the emperors. In this book, well-deserved appreciation is showered upon the Sikhs. JjWW [xulasa] A -"JJP n import, summary, essence. 2 See 1f~m. 3 free of religious bonds. "rahIt tyag tIn ne kari bhae khulase soe." -gurusoblIa. ~ [khulavan] v feed:, make the other one eat. lpfi [khuli] feminine of khula. ~ [khurak] n apprehension, fear. 2 concern, anxiety. ~ [khural] See ~ 1O(ad~jM1. 11 [xu] P p~ n nature, habit, conduct. 7/ [xu] P LJ n murder, b!lood. See . ~ [khuh], lfdCT [khuhta] n well. "te bIkhIa ke khuh."-sar ill .5. "atap khuhta amrItu bhana."-vdQ cJz.~t ill 3. ~ [khuhaI).], ~r.Jfu' [khuhaI).I] Skt 3T~ n defence forces of a specified count; 21,870 elephants, 21,870 chariots, 65,610 horses and 1,09,350f,:)Ot soldiers: total 2,18,700. "khIma vIhuI).e khapIgae khuhI).I lakh asakh."-oakar. ~ 'eT ~ [khuh da QaQ(~u] See ~. ~ [khuhri] n small well. "oh jI dIsE khuhri kaunlajvahari?"--gdukabir. 'Who is lowering the rope (life-journey) into the well (i.e. the world) to draw water of sensualities?' lJUT [khuha], 1fUT [khuhi] large well and small well. 2 See ~'1fUT. JfCif [xuk] P J,: n pig, swine. "khuk malhari gaj gad-ha bIbhutdhari."-akal. l.!l:fTa"[khukhar], J:i\Rf [xuxvar] P -if 1; adj blood sucker. 2 ferocious, fearful. "jute dal sur asur khukhar do su jag cah."-saloh. 3 cruel, bloodthirsty, pitiless. lfw [khujaJ: n anglle, bordler, corner. If'G [khut] n quartt:r, corner, side, direction.
" I ",-

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972
-bas~travIdas.

'lj'GT [khuta] n peg, hook. 'lj'it [khuti] n mini-peg, hook. 'lj'im [khuc;icm] n refutation. 2 plucking, pecking. "taWi khuc;iahI kag."-s fdrid. 'lj''1Jf [khuc;ia] adjwarped, bent, curved. 2 n club with a curved head; having warped head. ~ [khuc;ii] feminine of khuc;ia. "khuc;ii di khec;iari." -var gau 2 ill 5. 2 the hook of Sakhi Sarvar (Sultan) which his followers wear round their neck. "khuc;ii khe>lra gal mahI dharo." -GPs. ~t!" [khud] P ,"; metallic belt. 2 steel belt. "pakhar CIlatah khud."-saloh. 3 See~. lJQ" [khudh] See lfQ". ~ [khudha] adjfamished, hungry. "avatpahia khudhe jahI."-g5<;l kabir. lJO[khun] P u}n blood, gore. 2 killing, murder. "khun ke sohle gaviahI nanak."-tIl~gill 1. 1;[01" [khuna] Skt ~ n diminution, shortage, deficiency. "khe>kha! khuna kachu nahi tISU samrath ke pahe."-bavan. wIT[khuni] adjkiller, murderer. 2 cruel. 3 bloodred. ~ [khub] P ",:", adj supreme, excellent, preeminent. "khub tero nam."-bhr ill 5. 2 gentle, good. ill" [khub] See 1j'<:r. "bhad6 mas khUb jug jEse." -GPS. 2 foam, froth. "cali be>hI srol).at upar khUbe. "-c~c;li 1. ~ [xubsurat] P "::'-.J,A.} adj good-looking; having a beautiful face. ~ [xubkala] P utf",:", It has warm-cummoist effect. Physicians prescribe it to cure indigo fora linifalia, a disease, which causes eruption on the body. Sisysmbrium Irio. 'lj'lItJT [khubca] See -tt'tJT. 1jlRJT [khubraJ, ~ [khubraju] ~ n canopied fungus produced by the union of the earth and the cloud. Ethereal spores, appearing during the rainy season. "jEse bhadau khubraju."

u~J> plural of xub. 2 beloved, sweetheart. ~ [xubani] P jL apricot, a fruit belonging to the genus of the peach-family. See ~. ~ [xubi] P QJ> n quality. 2 goodness, piety. "khn khubi ko dIh~da he."-akal. 1:flitfuu [xubidIh] P ~JJ} . adj bestower of goodness. ~ [khuII] See ~. ~ [khuli] untied, opened. "khuli g~th, utho lIkhIa aIa."-tukha ch~t ill 1. 'The knot of the vital force has been untied.' ~ [khule] have opened. ~ [khulc] open. "kIU khulE galjevri."-gaucMt ill 1. ~~ [khulhI] Skt ~ adj trivial, inferior. "manmukh khullu mahabIkh khaI."-prabha ill 1.2 advopenly, without any doubt, with full freedom. ~ [ khulhe] have been untied. "khulhe b~dhan mukatI gun kini."-sar ill 4. If [khe] S sufof. "dhuri majan sadh khe."-sri chJt ill 5. "han tare sag jan khe." -nat ill 4. 2 to. "jo c;iub~do ap so tarae kin khe?"-var illaru 2 ill 5. 3 Skt cl' n sky. "khe k;'ihI gayo dharanI dhasgayo!"-krIscm. 4 Skt if in the sky. "damni camatkar tIU vartara jag khe."-gau var 2 ill 3. 'As is the marvel of lightning in the sky, so is the momentary phenomenon of the transient universe.' ihft [kIwi] See ~. ifR' [khes] A Ji n coarse cloth used as a wrap. "jeha des teha bhes, ter IGgi moc;ihe khes." -ratanillal. 2 P J!.f self. 3 kith and kin, relatives. "avval khe:;;, bad-hu darve:;;." -provo ih::'3o [xe:;;tan] P ~~j self. If'U [kheh], if'iI [khe'hu], if~ [khehu] n dust, powder, filth, dirt. "jIU dharni mahI kheh."-s

li-aT [xuba] P

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kabir. 2 earth. "khehu seti raIIg;na."-var gau 1 m 4. 3 faeces, sewage. "kheh tobra badan caQhar."-GPs. "lltra" fkhecar] Skt adj wanderer in the sky; celestial rambler. 2 n sun. 3 moon. 4 planet. 5 air, wind. 6 god. 7 aeroplane. 8 bird. 9 cloud. 10 ghost. 11 arrow, dart. 12 See "lltr.n ~. "khecar bhuc:3r tulsimala."--ram namdev. "lltret [khecri] ad} wanderer in the sky. 2 n female ascetic. "bharat patr khecri."-ramav.
l

3See~.'.
~ [khecrimudra] practicl~ of' hath yog' ,

that operates thus: by massaging and pulling the tongue to the extent that it can be rolled back to entwine in the palate. Yogis believe that stoppage of breath by sticking the tongue ~[khetparL~[khetarpal] See~. in the gullet results in the nectar dripping on "llO'Q [khetarj, it3'g [khetaru] n field. "lUDI mIIJI8 khetaru."-sri m 5. Here this word the tongue from its location in the brain. 2 According to Tantar Sh2sfar, the practice of stands for the human body. mystic approach khecri mudra comprises ~ [kheti] n the thing grown in a field; the produc(: of a field; c.rop. "kheti jIll ki ujrE assumption of a yogic posture with the right khalvape kla thau."-var sar m 1. 2 agriculture, hand gripping the left. ~ [khecal] n hard work. 2 trouble. 3 fatigue. cultivation, farming. lftRft [khecari] adj which rambles in the sky. ~ thft [kheti patti] n crop and other green See iftra". "khecari patal mahicar."-GPs. leafy vegetab!les. jh:r [xez] P imperative of xezidan; arise. ~ [khetu], ~ [khetr] See~. 2 adj arOUSI~r, producer. In such cases, it "ll~ar.r [khetragy] Skt :~ adj familiar with follows another word as in zarxez. the field. 2 n I~ultivator, farmer. 3 witness of the body, soul. 4 acquainted with the state ~ lxezidan] P t,;!..ei v arise. ifG [khet] Skt~, vr eat, consume. 2 n wanderer of mind, creator, knower of the heart's in the sky; planet, star, sun etc. :3 hamlet, village. secrets. 4 quarry, prey. 5 straw, dry grass. 6 club, stick. ~ [khetarpal] Skt ~ adj protector of the field. 2 n nourisher of the field. 7 horse. 8 shield, escutcheon.. 9 leather, skin. 3 incarnation of Shiv, who is the gate keeper ~ [khetak] n shield; skin. of goddess Kali on the western side. 4 chief ~ [kheQ] n game. 2 wager. ihJr [kheQa] n arena, amphitheatre. 2 a resident of the battlefield. "ubhE khetarpala bakE mar mara."--VN. of Khemkaran (district Lahore) and a Durga devotee who after turning a Sikh of Guru ~ [khetri] See i8T. 2 Skt ~ field owner. Amardas, became devout worshipper of the 3 soul. Almighty and was granted a place of ~;: [khed] See ftfe. n suffering. "khed mIte

honour as a preacher. :3 a subcaste ofbahujai Khatris. ~ [kheQar], i~ [kheQari] adj participant in a game; player, sportsman. "ll3" [khet], ~ [khetu] Skt ~ n earth, land. 2 place where food is grown. "khet khasam karakha uthIjaI."-gdum5. 3 body, physique. "khet hi karahu nlbera."-maru kabir. 4 place of production. :5 woman, wife. "racak ret khet tan nrrmlt."-sdvye $ri mukhvak m 5. 6 conscience. 7 sense organ. 8 meritorious person, officer.. "khet pachaDE bijE danu."-sava m 1. 9 battlefield, battleground. "purja purja katI marE kabhil na chaQE khetu."-maru kabir. 10 place of pilgrimage.

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sadhu mIldt."-bavcm. 3 sorrow. 4 nervousness.

5See~.

railway station to the south-east.

~ [khemk~lyan] See ~ . ~ [khemkusCll] n salvation and happiness.

"khemkusdl bhClIa Isnana."-sor m 5. "kheddt hE: dnched pukare."-akal. ih;T [khema] A ..i n tent, temporary quarters. l)'~ [kheddn] Skt amenability to suffering. "SCltIgUrI khema tal)Ia."-savye m 4 ke. 2 fatigue; weariness. Here, Sikh religion is signified as a tent. ifenr [khedna] See~. 2 disperse, push. "tInE ifw [khera] See ~. 2 Heer's husband, Saida. khedke bar te bic qara."-VN. 'pushed into the "Clb-hi yClh khera ko dijE."-CarItr 98. See <:fre'. 3 This word has been substituted for khuni enclosure. ' l)'fuw [khedIa] tormented. 2 pushed, in "tut nim am khera janiL"-GV 10. overthrew, defeated. "khdtddrsdn kClU ~ [khel] Skt ~c;) and -ttfu' n game, sport. "khel khedI a."-BG. sakOCE tClU nanClk ek."-sukhmani. 2 P ~ [khena] See ~. crowd; gathering. 3 dynasty, subcaste. "baVCln l)'l( [khep] S n stuffing with goods, articles of khel pClthan tClhf SClbhE pdre dr-raI."-carItr 97. commerce. "ladI khep satClhI sag cal." See ~~. 4 slave, follower, servant. -sukhm"mi. "nIb-hi nam ki SClCU khep."-sar l)'mf'lft [khelkhasi] select follower, readily m 5. 2 See available servant. "chdpCln kotI ja ke khelkhasi."-bhr kabir. ih.rc! [khepCll).] See ~. l)'u [khem] Skt ~}f n efficiency, happiness. l)'m:fTOT [khelkhana] P ~~. chief ancestry, superb dynasty. 2 the multitude leading home 2 salvation, emancipation. "khemsiitI ndhI life, i.e. the householders. "tetis kClrOri hE ndV nIdhi."-sukhmani. khelkhana, cClurasi lClkh phUE dIvana."-bhr l)'Hfifur 1JT8T [khemsfgh baba] See ~. ~ [khemkClrCln] a town in tehsil and police kabir. 'Thirty-three crore gods are having station Kasur, district Lahore. Inside its family life and eighty-four lakh species are wandering as homeless.' See ~ and l::fT?iT. Yakkianwala gate, there is a gurdwara ofGuru Hargobind. The Guru stayed there for some ~ [khelCll).], ~ [khell).a] v play, sport. "jClU tClU prem khelal). ka cau."-sava m 1. See~. time. A modest gurdwara has been built in memory of the event. A column of the Guru's ~ [khelClt] playing. "hClSClt khelClt tere dehure aIa."-bhr namdev. time called 'Thamm Sahib' is also there. The ~ [khelCln] Skt ~<??l n game, play, sport. gurdwara has no regular income. 2 See ~ 1. 2 There is Gurusar gurdwara of Guru Tegh Bahadur to the south of Khemkaran. ~ [khelna] v play, sport. 2 n toy, plaything, thing to amuse. 'Jkhelne karCln suddr khelne." Previously this was just an ordinary hall. In Sammat 1960, Lala Kashiram, an aristocrat -GPs. of Ferozepur, got built a hall and residential ~ [kheliitdk] n sword, that ends the game of warriors. -s"mama. quarters. Nirmal Singh is the chief priest. A fair is ihdt [khelari] adj one who plays; player. held on the full moon day in the month ofHarh. ~[khelI] advplaying, gambling. Skt n game, play. The site is about two furlongs from Khemkaran

'lfts [kheddt] Skt iffe'3". adj one made to suffer, afflicted. 2 tl't3': amenable to suffering.

J?

m.r.

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n ruination. "sagal bIadhI man te khE nasE."-sukhmani. 3 loss, damage, paucity. "ja ~ [khev] See ~. "emIl bera hcm khevI na ke bhagat k;~u nahi khE."-bas5t m 5. sakau."-bas~tnamdev. 'I cannot JrOW a boat 4 tuberculosis. See 1:!E1' 3. against the strong wind' meaning, 'I cannot swim across the world due to the intensity of ~ [khEhra] See Cft:ST. ~ [khEkar] S mutual (reciprocal) courtesy desire.' m [khevat], ~ [khevtu] Skt~ n boatman; at the time of a meeting; happy interaction. person who rows a boat. "gur khevat sabadI 2 See ~~. taraIa."-bIha ch~t m 4. "vajhi hathI na khevtu ~ [khEkal], ~ci!112 [khEkalu] adj agent ofk$ay jalu sagaru asralu."-mal'u .? m 1. 2 adj ~ (destruction); destroyer, demolisher. "jhuth bura khEkalu. ',:'--o~kal'. 2 n moment of death; flinger, thrower. "akus gyan ralanu hE khevatu the last hour. "khEkal SIr duni aiE."-val' majh vIrla sat."-s kabil'. 'It is some rare saint who m 1. 3 doomsday, the day ofjudgement. "dojak can goad an elephant.' bhIsat nam khEkala."--mal'u solhe m 1. ~ [khevan], ~ [khevna] Skt ~ put oar into water to row a boat; scull. See 'iff. 2 while lftr [khEc] n pul!l, attraction. 2 insistence. away time; spend time. "kInhi tatu malu bahu ll'tror [khEcna], 't;fw [khEcab] v pull, attract. ,i a sit~: in Arabia, situated at a kheva."-l'am am 5. 'spent (whiled away) time a-a-a- [khbar] A ;." distance of eight days' journey from Medina. in mystical and occult exercises.' "jhufhE ragI Prophet Mohammad put an end to the custom khuaru kaha lagu kheviE?"-phunhe m 5. ~ [kheva] See ~. 2 See ~rrc. of temporary marriage here. 2 a mountain pass between district Peshawar and ~ [khevat], ~ [khevatu] See iR-c. "ape sagar bohItha, ape hi khevat."-val' guj 2 m 5. Afghanistan which starts from a distance of lf3T [khera] Skt lfc n village" large hamlet. ten miles and a half from the West. Most of "prIthme basIa sat ka khera."-l'am m 5. the invasions into India took place through this pass. "bhatth kherI.3. da rEhl).a."-hCljal'e 1 0.2 body, ~ [khn] A .1 n welfare, goodness. 2 peace, physique. tranquility. "uha khEr sada mere bhai."-gClu lf3T ~ [khera kalmot] See ~. lh:ft [kheril Skt l:fOTGIH. n steel, which is used for l'Clvidas. 3 charity, benefaction. "tija khn khudaI."-var majh m 1. 'The third Muslim making implements such as sickles, axes, etc. 2 small village, hamlet. 3 a village in police prayer is for benefaction.' "I$ak mU$ak khasi aru khurak bakhaniE; station Morinda, tehsil Ropar, districtAmbala. khun khEr JD:'ladpan su bahur pramaniE; Gangu Brahman, a resident ofthe village, stole kas ko karai sat chupae chapat nahI; Mata Gujri's valuables and got her captured ho! hovat pragat su sari SarI$tI mahI." along with the Sahibzadas by the Turks. Banda -carLtl' 154. Bahadur demolished the village in Sammat 4 Skt fif~. Mimosa Catechu. 1767 and paid Gangu in his own coin. Now, the new hamlet is known as Saheri See ~ [khErkhahl, ~"I(J [xErxvah] P DI}.1 adj well-wisher; who seeks well-being of others. ~. "khnkhah ham donahu ker."-GPs. ~ [khE] adv after eating, after consuming. "ek kahE ham khE mar hE bIkh."-krL~.?l1. 2 Skt lrer3" [xErat] A .:-l,;.f plural ofxn. alms, virtuous
S("!jj".

~ [khelu] See ~.

1m

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action, beneficence. ~ [khnabad] a village in police station, tehsil and district Amritsar, at a distance offour miles to the nOlih-west from the railway station. There are two gurdwaras about half a mile to the south-east by straight path from the village. (1) Gurpalah: a gurdwara in memory of Guru Hargobind, who used to rest near a pa1as (buteafrondosia) tree. The gurdwara stands in a secluded place, surrounded by a thick cluster of trees. A modest structure has been erected. Six bighas ofland is attached. (2) Kalapbircch: This too is in memory of Guru Hargobind. Here a group of devotees from Kabul were robbed. The Guru reached there and punished the guilty ones and after baptizing them as Sikhs, set them on the right path. A modest platform, made of pucca bricks, exists there. About six bighas of land are attached to the gurdwara. No priest is there. 2 a town near Attak. i':tfu [khErI], ~Bt [khEri] n charity. See 'l::ftTift. "cauthe khEfi."-maru solhe m 5. 'The fourth Muslim prayer stands for charity.' irn" [khEl] See irn". 2 See ~. ~ [khElbhEl] fearful disturbance, terrible interference. 2 turmoil, shaky situation. "khElbhEl parat khalan gharbar hE." -hJsram. if [kho] See irnr. 2 P j> n disposition, nature. ~ [khou] adj loser. if)){l' [khoa] n Skt ~"e"-l.fljf. n milk condensed through scraping and evaporation; utensil for decoction; milk thickened by the heat of fire and shaped into a mass. From it are formed several sweets, such as pere, gulabjaman, ka1ak;'ld etc. Dense milk begets more ofkhoa, and thin milk less in comparison. For example, one maund of buffalo milk produces nine seers,

goat's eight seers and a quarter, and cow's eight seers ofkhoa. Ifkhoa is fried in clarified butter, it does not putrefy for a long time. It is nutritious and increases sperm count. Being greasy, it is difficult to digest for a weak person, in particular. "khoa pay tClptaI banavahf" -GPS. ~re [khoI] P ,-;; n temperament, habit, addiction, nature. "Clbhlmanu khor khor." -bIla m 5. "tum khor turak ki jano."-NP. 2 See if~. "khor khahra bharamu man ka." -maru m 5. 3 snatched, lost. ifM [khoro] lost. "khoro mul, labh kahf pavasr?"-bhEr m 5. ~ [khora] See~. 2 See if>w. ~ [khord] See ~. l:ret[khoi] lost. "khoihau."-bIla m 5. 2 finished, ended. "lrkhdra 1rkhdra kagad masu khoi." -majh am 3. itR<!r [khosl)a], i:tJ::ror [khosna] v extort, snatch. ~ [kh6sna] v thrust, hang. "murli katr kh6s1ai."-krrsan. i:IJ:Jw [khosla] a Khatri subcaste. it'mfr [khOsra] See ~. ihr" [x09a] P ~} n ear of corn. 2 ~} part good! well done! hurrah! i:tRr~[khosa kot1a] a village in police station Dharamkot, tehsil Zira, district Ferozepur, situated at a distance of about six miles to the north-east from Dagru railway station. To the north just near this village, there is Guru Hargobind's gurdwara. The Guru had halted by a big pond. A hall was constructed in Sammat 1965. Previously there existed only a structure. The priest is an Akali Singh. The villagers have donated 28 ghumaons ofland to the gurdwara. A fair is held on the first ofMagh and Basant Panchmi. iIu [khoh] n restlessness; uneasiness. 2 cave,

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cavern. "gIrl ki khohcm me vicrate."-GPS. 3 See ih:R:r. "Ikasu han ke namu blnu agE laiahI khohI."-majh barahmaha. 4 See ~. "saCIsabadI malu khohu."-asa chJt m 3. ~ [khoh:r:ta], .~ [khohna] v wrest, snatch. See "ihr 3. 2 pull out, pluck, uproot. "galha pItanI SIrU khohenI."-sava m 1. ifw [khohll n a kind of grass; saccharum spintansum; weed. 2 restlessness, uneasiiness. 3 intense itch. ity [khohu] See "ihr 4. ~ [khohem] pull off (uproot). See ih:R:r. 2 snatch. ~ [khokhni] kukri; Gurkha's knife. See-treraT 2. "churi khokhni sEt labi."-GPS. in:re [khokharl adj hollow, empty. "khokhar lakra par mahana."-GPs. 2 n hole, burrow. "khokhar saint bncch Ik jova."-GPS. 3 Khukhran, a Khatri subcaste. See ~1 and 1f~. 4 a Rajput subcaste;. wife of Rai Bular, chiefofTalwandi, was of this subcaste. "jaM' rani khokhar madh sala."-NP. 5 a Jatt subcaste. 6 a village set up by Khokhar Jatts. 'i:lcfaT[khokhra] adjhollow, empty. 2 moth-eaten, decadent. if~ [khokhraI:r:t] n a community comprising people of Khokhar subcaste. See
~.

the army of emperor Shahjahan. "khoj janavar bISIDE dhari."-GV 6. See ~~. 'lfi:rc!r [khojl).al, itFfi'iT [khojnaJ v search, probe, scrutinize, explore. "jo khojE so pavE."-dhana pipa. "khojat hare dev."'-ram m 5. iftr iar [khoj pE:r:tal, ih=r ~~ [khoj IE:r:taJ v follow footprint. 2 follow, pursue. 3 track. "sakatkhoj pala."-kal.r m 4. ifHr [khoja 1See !:fHW. "khoje jaM anek."-carT tr 82. "patlha tor khoja karQara."-carTtr 326. 2 P ,.;;-I; . , master, <:hief. 3 short for khara ho ja; stand up. 4 See lW 2. ifHr ~' [khoja anvarJ See ih=r ~o and iftll
~.

itft:r [khojIl having searched. "seve SIkhu sou

khojI lah."-pr~lbham 1. 2 on the way, in the footsteps. "hamre khoj I parahu mat koi."-gau
kabir.

iftft [khojil adj who tracks. "khoji UpjE badi

bInsE."-mala m 1. 2 n one who tracks footprints; an expert in tracking footprints. iftr [khoju] See 1~t1. ilG [khot] n drawback, defect. 2 adulteration. "khotu na kicai prabhu pClrkha:r:thara." -asa cMt m 5. 3 SkI' adj lame; one-legged; clubfooted. 4 Skt -ti<~ vr limp, throw, eat. ~ [khotsaria] adj who adulterates; who mints base coins. "khotsario nlkaryo cahiE nagar hii t'E."-BGK. ~ [khotsala][ n illegal mint; place where base coins are minted. 2 bad company. ~[khotsali] adjofa illegal mint. "khotsali SIkkE."--BG. ~ [khotraJ a branch of the Kharal subcaste who are tillers in Montgomery district. "baramdas hE khotra."--BG. 2 adj adulterated, alloyed. ifCT [khota] adj accused, degenerate. "khote saci dargahI sutiahI."-var majh m 1. 2 adulterated, impure. "khote ka mul eku

-treraT[khokhril feminine ofkhokhra. 2 n curved Nepalese weapon also called kukri. Se(: ~. iftr [khojl, ihJ [khojul n search, investigation. "bade khoju dII han roj." -t.rlJg kdbir. 2 footprint. "gurmatI khoj pare tab pdkre."-basJt m 4. 'per Gurmat the pursuit of the five thieves whose footprints led to their arrest.' See ~ "if;:r. 3 way, path. "khoj roj ke het lag dayo mIsr ju roI." -xam. 4 foot, feet. "nadi tClradri mEQa khoj m khObhE."-var guj 2 m 5. ~ [khojakJ adj who searches. iftr ~ [khoj janavar] J.h:.flf an official in

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dugal).a."-dhana m 1. See~. f.'ClkCltI jClb rClhIgyo piche khor."-NP. 4 narrow ~ [khotai] n baseness. lane. 3 dungeon. See Hfuire" 4. 4 acrimony, ii? [khotu] See ifc. rancour. 5 path. "nClbh or khor nlharkE." irn' [kho~] n hole, burrow. -ramav. 6 Skt adj limping, lame. 7 P .if who il<!r [khol).a] v lob, throw. 2 lose. eats; in this sense it is used as a suffix. "Clsakh it3' [khat] shakes off. "sadh sagI malu sagli cor hClramkhor."-japu. khot."-sukhmani. "bhE bharam dutia sagal ~ [khorhClram] See ~. khot."-asa chi1t m 5. 2 n donkey, ass. "jEse ihRr [khorClr] adj rough, rugged. "jIm khorClr bharbahak khot."-keda m 5. pathClr pE cClrnathi."-knsan. if3r [khota] n donkey, ass. 2 fool, dunce. ifar [khora] n powder of baked bricks. 2 kiln's iffu' [khotI] adv having scraped, or dug or baked eaIih which contains ashes. 3 adjhollow, mined. "koi gurmukhI sevClku kCl~hE khotI." half-baked. 4 P '.if able, capable. 5 P vf who -var gau 1 m 4. 'digs out gems.' eats; used as a suffix with another word, as if;: [khod] See ~. 2 See ~. 3 See if~. 4 P f.'ClkClrxora. )f n steel helmet. ilfu [khan] nevi I, badness. "mati lagi khan." if't! [kh6d] Skt a-nc; grape juice. 2 wine -s kabir. 2 narrow lane. fermented from grapes. "UbClt CCllate Ihu mCldu i:l6t [khori] adj having rancour. 2 consumer. pa I a jEse kh6d khumari."-keda kabir. 3 honey, "kClrClhI hClramkhori."-maru m 5. See itO'" 5. sweetness. 3 n narrow lane. 4 intoxication. "mCln bidho ifec!r [khodl).a], ~ [khodna] v scrape, dig, prem ki khori."-nat m 5. "mCln khClClt premrCls uproot. khori."-sar m 5. 5 crushed residue of ire'r [khoda] n digging up e.g. "us de ghClr khoda sugarcane; crushings of rind. "jEse ukh del drtta hE." 2 a person on whose face beard kClr khori."-NP. doesn't grow. lfg [khoru] See ilo. 2 S sweets made from milk iffu [khodI] adv having dug. "bClsudha khodr and dry fruit like almonds. kClrClhI dUI cule."-asa kabir. in5' [khol] See itmJr. 2 P Jf J::h? n quilt cover. i/oT [khona] See ~. 3 peel, skin offruit. 4 protective gear; armour. i/'l.ra' [khopar], in.Rft [khopri], iflfs" [khOpClr], in.St "khol kha~e Clpare."-VN. 5 steel helmet. [khopri]Sktcflfd n cranium, skull. if1?i"jT [kholna] v remove a curtain. "jlnI ifw [khopa] n coconut kernel. 2 a semi- bhramupClrda khola ram."-suhi chi1t m 5. 2 separate two joined things. 3 disentangle, spherical covering put on the eyes of bullocks or other cattle. In the beginning, it was made emancipate. 4 reveal. 5 clarify. of coconut-bowls, hence the epithet. ilw [khola] n roofless house with dilapidated ihr [khobh] n a prick; the idea of getting stuck. walls. 2 squint-eyed, one-eyed. 3 skeleton. 2 See~and~. iffi? [kholrl, ifTIi [kholhI] by opening, by throwing wide. "kholI kClpClt gun melia." [khobhCll).] Skt ~ adj who pierces; who exasperates. 2 See ~. -var jet. 'united by throwing the door open.' "dClrsan dijE kholhr krvar."-bIla kabir. irn<!r [khobhl).a] v thrust, pierce. ~ [khovl).a] v lose, mislay. 2 remove, wipe ih;rr [khoya] See i:tfuntr. 2 See ifw. if'd [khor] n residue, dreg. "brClkh ICli SClbh out. "bharam bhClU khovl).a."-var guj 2 m 5.

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"manas janam akarath khovdt."--asa m 9. ifa' [khJr J n consecration mark on the forehead, [khovatJ loses. See ~. vermilion mark. "mathe e~dan khJr."-hanu. 'll;r [khorJ n ditch, hole. See iff;r. 2 sheath, 2 in particular, a oblique bow-like mark on the repository. 3 M game, sport. 4 fault, defect. forehead . 3 SkI' icr. shave with a razor; 5 short for khoras (sixteen). "khor sigar kane tonsure. atr prari."-gau a m 1. "jese kulvadhu ~g raeat l1j [khJfu] n pandemonium, turmoil. 2 raising sfgar khor."-BGK. See ~. m(J]'1Q. dust with a hoof. "qhatte kh:Jru kargae. "-bano. if;n::r [khorasJ SkI ~ adj sixteenth. 2lSi'l5!1R, n ~ [kh:JlnaJ See ~'ffi'i1'. sixteen. If [kh~] Skt ~ n sky. "kM p:Jn b~nhr pal).i ~[khoraspujJ, ~ [khorsopaearJ Skt ehoni pac taU jaJ:ti."-NP. 2 See cr. 1;i'1s~nqijl{ sixteen requirements of worship: ~ [khakriJ, cfo!;fu;r [khakriy] adj destructive. invocation, yogic posture, washing of feet, "kMkriy kal kruraprabha."-kalki. water for washing the face, ceremonial ~ [kMkal], cf:crm [kMkaliJ See ~ and drinking ofwater, ablution, clothing, omaments, cfu'rffi. 2 incarnation of Shiv as Bhairav. "kal perfume (sandal), flowers, incense, lamp, food narad khakal jamgal). juh brtal."-saloh. consecrated to the deity, salutation, offering to 3 Bhairvi, the power of Shiv. ~. "angaj the priest and a parting gift. "khorsopaear kar abMja kh~lkali."--paras. puja kulpuj hii ki."-hanu. 1:far [khag] i~-f(JI. "krte khfg kh~ge."-carItr 1hP" [khoraJ Skt ~ part six kinds, in six ways. 128. 'Many horses were slaughtered.' 2 M n restriction, obligation, principle. "tin 2 a phlegmatic dliisease; cough. khora nrt kal sare."-sri m 1. 'spends time 1::farn [kMgar] See: cfuRr. regularly under three obligations;' that is, l:fur [khaghJ See 'l::lfm. 2 throat, gullet. prayers done three times, i.e., doing good turns "tfuRr [khagharJ n a chunk of a brick melted into through word and deed. See -am- Fl"lf:~. stone-like form in the: oven's intense heat. iIf5 [khorrJ in the hole, in the cave. Se(~ im. 'tfurr6' [khagharJ Skt ifc Wi\WO n coughing up of "khakha rhe khorr man ava."-gau bavan mucus ofthe guIllet, cfuru1o. 2 phlegm, expelled kabir. 'Rapt mind does not go astray.' out of the throat. lhft [khoriJ layer of a turban's fold. ~ [kh~ighalnaJ Skt *~ v wash properly. ~ [khoruJ S heap, accumulation. ~ [kMghufJ.)aJ v cle:ar phlegm from the if [kh:JI See ~. throat by coughing up. if'RW [kh:Jsra] shoes. See aFr. "karE' kh:Jsre ~[kh~ghura] n high sound ofthe gullet made mar."-GPS. while coughing lip mucus. iftit [kh:JhiJ a type of fungus. See: -trtiI'. "khJhi l:ftr [kMjJ Skt "&O{~if n a cripple; handicapped khari prabhu! rt ore"-GPS. person. if'tr" [kh5eay n multiplication table of six and a ~ [kh~jka] See cftr.TI. "qhol qholak khajka qaph." -gyan. half. 2 P -tlf small platter or basket for keeping food items. If'RO [kMjanJ Skt ~:"f~ n wagtail, spotted iftl' [kh:JjJ A J'; jf;;r n act of intrusion. forktail; Montacilla alba; a bird ofthe size ofa sparrow, which is very agile. Poets compare it 2 contemplation. with human eye and mind. "min murjhane kaj it6 [kh:JphJ See '~.

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khajan khIsane."-caQi 1. "sriguru pag sabha vIlnal pfjar sar pahIcan. man khajan tahf paIke kahO katha gatIdan."-NP. 2 adj who eradicates, who exterminates. "kal bIkal bharam bh khajan."-mala am 1. See 1:lFf vr. 3 n See ~ t:t" 22. m [xajar] P Skt;:pm: n small dagger. 2 per Bhai Santokh Singh's essay, a village inAssam near Dhubrhi, where Guru Tegh Bahadur thrust his dagger into the earth. From this, the village got the name Khanjar. "khajar taka nam ucari."-GPS. l:ft:Rit [kMjri] Skt n small tambourine. In music, it is also called karCClkr. ~ [khajrit] n wagtail. See tfi:ro. ~ [khaq] n double-edged sword. "pio pahul khaq-dhar hUI janam suhela."-gurdas kavI. 2 Skt @J6 portion. "kMq kMq karI bhojcll1u kino."-sor ravIdas. 3 a large region of a country. "nau khaq prIthmi phn cn jiVE." -sukhmalli. 4 deficiency, shortage, lack. "ab I nasi nahi kI chu khac;L" --sukhmal1i. 5 section of a book, part. 6 place, country. "kad mul CUl;lI khava1u val). khaq vasa."-var majh m 1. 7 sugar. "sakar khaq nIvat gUT." -s farid. 8 chapter, preface, degree, destination. "gIankhaq mahI gIan pracaq." -japu. 9 a baptized Sikh. "trE prakar mam SIkkh hE sahji carni khaq."-ratal1mal. 10 Skt lSfU6 impotent, eunuch. ~[khaqas] adjwho demolishes. "kha1khaqas hf'."-japu. ~[khaQasI] destroys. 2 will demolish. "kahe na khaqasI avganu mera?"-asa kabir. ~ [kMqsura] khaq-asura. one who destroys demons. "tejturagi khaqsura." -akal. l:flrna"[khaq-har] n demolished house, dilapidated home. ~ [kMqak] adj who destroys. ~ [khaqal).] See chR>. "khaql).a kalIkalesah."

.it

--var jet. l:fE [khaqat] See cffu3". ~[khaq-dhar] ofthe double-edged sword's honed edge. "pio pahu1 kMq-dhar hOI janam suhe1a."-gurdas kavI. "tfflo [kMqan] Skt n demolishing, cutting into pieces. "tum papkMqan."-sor m 5. 2 reject. 3 Khadyakhandan; a treatise on jurisprudence by Sri Harsh, the author ofNaishidhy Kavy. 'l:f~ [khaqni] n armed forces which wear double-edged swords.-sal1ama. 2 adj which destroys, which demolishes the enemy. ~[khaqpatI] chiefofa territory; supreme head of a region. ~ [khaqmaqa1] Skt n half the universe; geography or astronomy. "tIthE kMqmaqal varbhaq."-japu. 'Many universes alongwith regions are there.' [khaqa1] n place. See~. 2 comprising many regions of different countries. "sag1o bhumaqa1 khaqa1 prabhu tumhi achE."-maru m 5. 3 piece, part. 1::i1nr ~ ~ H1Jr [khaqa1 maqa1 maqa1 maqa] -bher d kabir. who has adorned the universe comprising many regions. lim [kMqli] adj who destroys. "papkMqli." -kdlr m 5. cl1Jr [kMqa] double-edged sword; weapon which has both edges sharp. "tn: s hatth utagi khaqa dhuhIa."~kdlki. See ~. 2 illusion, which creates fragments (dual entities). "kMqa prIthmE sajkE jInI sabh sasar upaya." -caQi 3. rio 'I.f1:I1Q7iT [khaqa pakharna] v put the sword back into the sheath after wiping it off, there being no enemy in the battle field. See ~

l..f1::IlO?)T.

l:ffir [khaqI] in the region (country). 2 in the

body. "jo brahmaqI khaqI so jal).ahu."-maru solhe m 1. 3 by demolishing. "bhavaru vaSE

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bhE kMq.I."-var illaru 1 ill 3. black bee, which embodyies a seeker that lives after obliterating fear. l:ffim' [kMq.IS] khaq.-i~. See ~3". "khacjlIsdn khaq.kdr."-c.~ntr 200. l:ffira"[kMq.It] Skt adjbroken, split into pieces. 2 rejected. 3 incorrect recitation, involving omission of several matras and characters. l:l'fi$dFd'iiI [khaq.Itnfdra] adj whose sleep has got reduced; whose sleep is ofa short duration. "khaq.Itnfdra dldp dhara."-sIdhgosdtI. 2 n disturbed sleep, pollutio nocturna. ~[khaq.Ita] in poetics, the heroine who gets annoyed on finding that the body of her husband has signs of sexual union with some other woman. ifir H~ [kM(~I maq.dl] parts of a region; territories in a region (country). q [khaq.u] See ~. 2 with split lip. ~[khaq.url a village in police station Dakha, tehsil Jagraon, district Ludhiana at a distance of four miles to the east of Mullanpur railway station. To the south, in the vicinity of this village, is situated a gurdwara of Guru Hargobind, that has recently been built. The priest is an Udasi Sadhu. 10-15 bighas ofland are attached to the shrine; which is also known as Gurusar. 2 See ~. ~ ~~[khade d'l dmnt] See ntflf3"~. 't:i'~~ [khac;ledhar] edge of a double-edged sword, suggestive of subtle and' arduous path. "Ihumardgkh;')<;1.edhar."-devill5. 2 Seel~. ~ [khaq.ela] adj who possesses a doubleedged sword; a swordsman. 2 n a subcaste of Chauhan Rajputs. lk [khaq.h] See *~. ~ ~ [xaddh ru] P JJ,P jolly, cheerful. ~ [xaddk] A Jp n ditch, moat. rio [xada] P 0;> n smile, laughter. 2 Pkt adj who digs; this word is derived from kaddn (to

dig). Seem and cfe'o. 3 dog that digs after sniffing. 4 milk-yielding animal, milch cattle. J:fuf [xada] PUlP adj laughing. 2 jolly. ~ [xaciliddn] P ~~p v laugh. l:fqr [kMdha] See eRr 4. in [kMn] Skt 'l:h;r n fragment, piece. ~ [kMnkMniE] get torn into pieces, i.e. get sacrificed. 2 get split into fragments. 1:foc;ft [khanIi] Skt ~ rag used for cleaning the oilpress of an oilman. "khanIi dhoti ujIi lid hovdi."-varsorm3. i.e., 'degenerate intellect disposed to sensual pleasure.' ior [khana] n double-edged sword; S ~. "khana sagdl reI; chari."-sor ill 5. "khanIdhu tIkhi valdhu m:ki."-dnadu. 2 a subcaste of Khatris. 3 half a part (piece). cfo1 [kMni] adj half, fragmented, broken. ~ [kMniE] get fragmented, get sacrificed. "tere ddrSdn VI tahu khaniE vaJla." -VdQ ill 1. 'may get sacrificed.' lfi; [khabh] n which causes reverberation or sound [dbhI] in the sky [khd]; wing, feather. "khabh vIkadre je ldha."-sdva ill 5. "jInI tdnu sajI die naii khabh."-illdla ill 1. 2 stanchion, column, prop, pillar. i'!' 'lifilJC!' [kMbh IdggDe] i.e., be capable of flying. 2 turn benevolent by controlling one's energy. 3 vainlly show off beyond one's capacity. 'I:f9T [khabha] n stanchion, column, prop, post, pillar. 'I::f'grij' [khabhar] agitation; uneasiness. See~. "nrIpdvar bhari khabhara."-sdloh. ~ [kMbhavti] winged, fairy, nymph. "kI kMbhavti hE."--ddtt. ~ [khabhi] adj feathery. 2 n bird. 3 petal of a flower. 4 pillarlike support of a spinningwheel. "j:cu cdrkha dthkhabhia."-BG. ~ [khyatri] See 6r~ and 't:f:1t, "brdhmdn bES sud dru khydtri."-bIla .fdVIdas.

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1:PI"U[khyah] See~. "khyah bhayo JIS dyos hamare."-GPS. ~ [khyatl, 1:fJl13T-lkhyatal Skt adj famous, well-known. 2 told, narrated. "sarba khyata." -japu. 3 clear, evident. "jo heri so bhakhi khyata."-NP. t:rnTfa' [khyatI], 'l:fiI"'OT [khyati] Skt n fame, renown. 2 praise, appreciation. 3 renown. "anadkad mukad jI khyati."-NP. 4 saying, proverb. 5 In suspicion and doubt, scholars have identified five perceptions: asatkhyatI, atamkhyatI, anyathakhyatI, akhyatI ~nd anIrvacniy-khayatI which are thus described briefly: (a) 1;>unyvadi, votaries of non-existence, believe in unreal perception (asatkhyatI). They hold that the snake in the rope is utterly nonexistent.Such non-existence prevails everywhere. Unreal perception is inherent in the concept of non-existence. (b) The followers of the k1;>a.l).Ik VIgyanvadi believe in psychic perception (atamkhyatI). They hold that the real snake does not exist in the rope, or at any other place. All the objects are in the mind, and the mind adopts the form ofall the objects. The mind is atomistic in nature. The concept of the atomistic mind in the form of a snake is a psychic phenomenon thatis,.atamkhyatI. (c) The followers ofnEyayIk and vE1;>e1;>Ik school ofthought believe in erroneous being. They hold that there does exist a real snake in places like a hole, etc. The deluded person sees it with his eyes. The visual illusion leads to the perception of the snake in the rope. Otherwise, the appearance of an object is erroneous in perception that is, anyathakhyatI. (d) The sakhy and prabhakar l assert that
Ian investigator; an adherent of mimaSIk system.

when the mind is applied to activate the eyes with the memory ofthe snake persisting, one visualises 'this' form of the rope in general. Then the idea, 'this is a snake' comes up. This knowledge has two parts: 'this' is a general perception and 'is a snake' is its recapitulation. Even with the knowledge of both, the fearcomplex of he, who sees, and the visual illusion lead him to believe that two perceptions have come into being. The illogical characteristic of these two aspects of knowledge is termed akhyatI. (e) The followers of the vedat doctrine believe in indefinable perception. They are of the view that the image arising out ofthe mind through the eyes, assumes the form of the object, and this uncovers the object resulting in a clear impression ofthe same, which needs the assistance of light too. The eyes alone, are incapable of perceiving the object. When there is darkness or the eyes are dim and hazy, the impression of the rope coming out of the mind, does not assume the form of a snake, and cannot strike off the non-existence ofthe rope. Consequently, the rope, activated by the lack of knowledge born of secondary consciousness, assumes the form of a snake. Hence, the snake is the cause of the nonknowledge; iftrue, it will not vanish in face of the perception of the rope. The appearance of the snake does not take place after the reality about the rope is known. The snake is, therefore, non-existent. And ifthe snake were a non-existent entity, its appearance would, in no way, happen like the son of a barren woman. However, it does appear, hence it is not non-existent. From this, it is clear that the appearance is neither true, nor untrue, but undefinable. This perception ofthe undefinable is called anIrvacniykhyatI.

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[khyativad] See 'l:fOIIlfu" 5. See fTl:fOIf'O and n::ll?flo. l:fOIl"I'l'5' [khyal] See ~. ldH [khyem] See ~ and 'ihi. If'FS [xvasat] P .::..v-If adj desired. See Jfl:r3'O. l{TR'3"aJTij" [xvasatgar] P .J(;"lf adj desirous, covetous. lfR30 [xvastan] P ifl; v desire, crave, want. 1fU[xvah] P olf part or; and. 2 adjdesirous; in this sense it is a suffix, as in xEr,,-'vah, badxvah. 3 n desire, inclination, demand. ?fm= QI't.1'IJ [xvahad guzast1P ~;if f will pass, will leave. If'U' [khvaha] desirea, wanted. See 'lfiJ. "na bar ap kahu kachu khvaha."-NP. JfuT [xvaha] P u~lf adj desirous . l{tfuJ.r [xvah1$] P ifl; n desire, aspiration. ~ [xvahfdah], ~ [xvahfda] P Ilk1f adj desirous. 2 beggar, supplicant. lfi1U [xvajah] P -f'} n owner of the house. 2 chief. 3 veteran. 4 rich man. S ruler. l:f'RU fl:rt:Rr [khvajah kh1jar] See l~. lfi1U ~ [xvajah mardud] ~!(rejectedor discarded), ~ (chief). Khizar Khan brother of Sher Khan, a Maleria chief who fought in the battle of Chamkaur. "k1 a xvajahmardud sayah divar. bamEda na amad bamardanahvar."-jafar. He was killed by the Khalsa near Ropar. ~ [khvajklujar], ~ [khvajkhI.dar]
l:fOIJ1O [khyan]

'l:l"I'::JI~le

P ;P -f'} a prophet. See i1:rfRr. 2 lord ofgreenery,

god of verdure, master of water, god Varl.m, Neptune. See ~(f. 3 a Muslim holyman, who is also known as Zindahpir. See ~ and
~.

lfW [khvaja] See If''tKT. 2 a Kashmiri Muslim

who became a devotee ofGuru Hargobind and turned a spiritual master and philanthropist. lfW ~ [xvaja anvar] .J)l-f'} a commander in Shah lahan's army, who along with Kala Khan and Painda Khan reached Kartarpur to fight against the sixth Guru. He came here as a spy to gather Information. The arrow shot by Bhai Bidhi Chand killed him. See iitr~. 1fW fl:rt:Rr [khvaja kh1jar] See ~. lfW ~ [khvaja mardud] See If''tKT ~. ~ [xvadan] P 1~).J:lf v read, study. 'Jf'e'r [xvada] P read, study. 1f'O [xvan] P ulf n platter. 2 cloth on which food is served. 1f'O't [xvani] P jlf you may study, you read. 1f'8' [xvab] P ,-:,If n sleep, slumber. 2 dream. ~ [xvabgah] P o~lf or ..tlf n place for sleepipg; room for sleeping; bedroom. lf8t [xvabi] adj sleepless, insomniac. "c5k parE tam me QaT khvabi."-kr1.-san. lfO[xvar] p .Jlf needlessly bothered. 2 ruined. [khvE] See ~r.iT. "khvEh6 dharam malech ko."-krrsan. 'shall deprive the barbarian of his faith.' 2 having missed, having lost.

0.-"1

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~ [gau!).], artk" [gau!).u] Skt Of}f(') n going, moving about. "gau!). kare cahukut ka."-sri am which is guttural. Skt n song. 2 Ganesh. 3 Gandharav, the celestial musician. 4 a 5. "namo sarabgau!).e."-japu. 2 transmigration. character with two matras; long matra. 5 When "cuka gau!).u mItIa adhIar."-prabha am 5. used as a suffix, it means a singer, wanderer, 3 See ~. 4 See ~. (goer), etc. as samag (reciter of Samved), ~ [gautam] See ~ and <lt3H. khag (wanderer in the sky). ~ [gaun] going, departure. See~. "jamor{[ [gau] Skt Of}-[(') n going. 2 i.e., dying. magI gaun akeli."-bIha ch5t m 5. See 3 transmigration. "abhau labhahI gau CUkIhI." al~(')alal(,). -savEye m 3 ke. 'Transmigration is dlQ(')dldlo [gaungagan] n movement in the sky, rambling in the sky. 2 stars like the sun and transcended.' 4 step, pace. "manu ke nal ke the moon, etc. 3 god. 4 words about celestial calte TId cali gau."-datt. 'The earth did not accompany them even a step on the death of virtues. "gaungagan jab tabahI na hotau." kings such as Manu and Nal etc. ' "bhar5 tIrchi -SIdhgosatI . tum gauhi':."-knsan. 5 See ill. ~ [gauna] See and cJTor. ~ [gaO] n self-interest, purpose; aim; motive. ~ [gaur] See tffir. 2 Gauri; (a woman of) fair colour, Parvati. "pher dai tan daurkE gaur kau "gaO pIhave j5, bhave gIlle hi ho!).."-prov. ghaIlkE."-c5qi 1.3 See ~. 2 ambush; snare, trap. ~ [gaus] See illR". ortraw [gauraja] See furfui:Ir. ~ [gauh] See ort1 4 and <mi. ~ [gaura] na person ofBhai Baihlo dynasty. See cIfur. 2 dignified, weighty, heavy. "mVE su ~ [gauhar], ~ [gauharu] P fil n pearl. gaura hOI."-var asa. "tu gaura ham haure "gauhar gyan pragat ujiarau." -savEye m 4 ke. "guru gauhar darIau."--savEye m 3 ke. 'The hoche."-sor m 1. See ~ and~. Guru is a river overflowing with pearls.' ~ [gauri'll Gauri; (a woman) of fair colour, Parvati. 2 family. 3 5'kt~ adj dense. 4 deep, serious, unfathomable. "ape hi gauhar."-var bIha ~ [gauri] Gauri, Parvati. See ~. 2 See m4. oIT. ~ [gauhati] a town in district Kamrup of dl~dlljd [gaurisut] son of Gauri (Parvati), Ganesh. 2 Bhai Gulab Singh. See (jJM'afH'Uf 4. Assam, the ancient name of which is Pragjyotishpur. Bhagdatt (Narkasur's eldest ~ [gauripatI] husband ofGauri (Parvati), son), ruling overthis territory, fought bravely in Shiv. the war ofMahabharat. He sided with Kauravs. ~ [g~mro] heavy. See ~ 2. "hau hauro tu thakur gauro."-asa m 5. ~ [gauga] See

ar [gagga] eighth character of Punjabi script,

ar-ar.

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~ [g;mr] See

arfE"nrr

k. -aNtro and -ator. ~ [gauri] See <fuft. 2 a ragmi which employs

~ [gaura] See

notes in purbi that. It is a part of Sri Rag. In ~ [arohi] (ascending order), gadhar (the third note) and dhEvat (the sixth note) are forbidden, whereas avrohi (descending order) gadhar (the third note) is forbidden; n~abh (the second note) is primary, whilE( p;')cam (the fifth note) is secondary. n~abh (the second note) and dhEvat (the sixth note) are flat, whereas maddham (the fourth note) is sharp; all other are pure notes. The time for singing it is the fourth watch of the day. ascending - ~a ra mi pa na $a. descending - ~a na dha pa mi ra $a. In Guru Granth Sahib, this rag is at number three, and it has many variations, such as guareri, B:ft [ceti], dakkhl).i, ~t [dipki], [purbi], bnaga:Q., ~ [majh], ~ [malva] and )-fl(?T [mala]. Its combination with other rags has resulted in these variations. Regrettably enough, these days, ragis do not sing them all. ~ ;J3t [gauri ceti] It is a modified musical tone comprising five notes. ~araj (the first note) p;')cam (the fifth note) and nI~ad (the seventh note) are pure, n~abh (the second note) iis flat and maddham (the fourth note) are sharp; gadhar (the third note) is primary, whereas dhEvat (the sixth note) is secondary. The time for singing it is the fourth quarter of the day. ~;it S'~ [guri bEragal).J This modified musical mode employs all the seven notes. $araj (the first note), gadhar (the third note), p;')cam (the fifth note), and nI~ad (the seventh note) are pure; n~abh (the second note), gadhar (the third note) are flat, while m::Jddham (the fourth note) is sharp. maddham (the fourth note) is primary, whereas n$abh (the second note) is secondary with ~araj (the first note) as

vam

(primary). The time for its singing is the fourth quarter of the day. ~ [gaurimala] This I'agIni employs all the seven notes, ~2lraj (the first note), maddham (the fourth note), pacam (the fifth note) and nI~ad (the seventh note) are pure, n$abh (the second note), gadhar (the third note) dhEvat (the sixth note) are in flat. dhEvat (the sixth note) is primary and n~abh (the second note) is secondary. The time for its singing is first quarter of the night. ~ [gal,d Skt <IT, cIT n ox. 2 cow. See E cow. 3 poor, humble. "gau kau carE sardul."-ramm 5. 'The highly-violent man, who is always bent upon annihilating everything, looks after the helpless poor.' ~ [gaugras] Skt illo]w n articles of food offered in the name ofcow during the devotional feasting by brahmins; cow-sacrifice. al~eaiiji [gaucaraha] cowherd, who takes cows to the forests and fields for grazing. ~ [gaucan] riding a cow. See trfa". ~ [gaucoDi] absorbing ambrosia dripping continuously from the brain through yogic inhaling and exhaling of breath. "gaganm;')dal gau j!nI coi."-ratcmmaJa bJno. ~ [gautam] See -at3H. "gautam sati sIla nlstaI'i."-g5Q namdev. 2 See"68H. ~ [gaumukh] adjmute as a cow. 2 gorgeous from outward, but fraudulent from inward appearance. "gaumukh bagh jEse baSE mngmal blkhE."-BGK. :3 See clttjCf. 0Tfu [gar] Skt 0Ti1 n elephant. "hE gal bahan." -s kabir. 2 See oflif. ~ [gena] passed, departed, left. "dukh dandI' tIn ke gala."-savEyem 4 ke. ~ [gelIamu] went by, departed, passed. "plI'u blnu jobanu badI galamu."-maru kaphi m 1. S fuJ~iJ:f. orfunfr [ga:ca] See: crrfun:f. "mera sagal adesra

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gara."-devm 5.2 See 0JlilT. "gaga gara godavri parro kutab kE."--s kabir. sasar ke kama."-basat namdev. "gara pfq ~ [gahgaqq] adjfirmly pitched. 2 engrossed. bharta."-g5c;l namdev. dldi$;:$;:$1 [gahqarra] n assimilator, absorber, a orfit!' [gafd], ~ [gafdra] See ~ and em;k. pit dug in a forest and covered with grass so arel [gail went by, passed. 2 deteriorated. as to catch an elephant. 2 universe. "gahqarra "gaibahoru badichoru."-sor m 5.3 will sing. trrl).r chara."-var maru 2 m 5. trrl). (straw) "tab kEse gun gaihE?"-guj kabir. stands for worldly comfort. ~ [gaia] singer. 2 sang, recited. "namkIdh5 ~ [gahejro], ~ [gahejral caught, tumra sabh hi jug gaia."-krIsan. 3 cows, kine. entrapped. "gahejro mur nar hi'i."-asa m 5. 4 disappeared, went by, ceased to exist. 2 pitched, pushed. dielaJe [gaibahor], dlelaJ;I [gaibahorul (one) 'd1"UC!" [gahal).l Skt ~ n catching. 2 enjoying who brings the past back. 2 (one) who gets erotic and sensual pleasure through sensethings on the right track. "gaibahor organs. 3 Skt 'dTUc'l adj hard, difficult. "tIn ki garibnrvaju."-tvlsi. See orel' 2. gahal).gatr kahi na ja 1."-asa m 3. "apl).i areltiRr [gaiyar] elephant. "cal calE jrm gaiyar gahal).gatr ape jal).E."-maru solhe m 3. 4 n mato."-krrsan. depth, profundity. "ham nah jal).i harr gahl).e." [gael passed, went by. 2 recited, sang. "gae -ndt m 4. 5 See ~. jit karkha."-cac;li 2. 'recited the martial song dltJ<!difa [gahal).gatrl n grave condition, of success.' 3 were misled. "apu gae ::Jran hu unfathomable state. See ~. khovahr."-gav kabir. 'dTtJ"C!T [gahl).al v adopt, hold. 2 n ornament, il1l.r [ga1?] A n unconsciousness, adornment. "ttl mera gahl).a."-majh m 5. senselessness. See ~. "namu sace ka gahl).a."-majh m 5. See ~ ilTf.IO [ga1?at] P d n act ofroaming and rambling. ~ and ~. 3 trust money held particularly iIJB30 [ga1?tan] P v ramble, roam .. 2 be. against some debt; mortgage. "je tt1 krSE na dei mere sahrba! kra ko bejhE gahl).a?" aTEI'3H [ga1?tam] P 1roamed. "sab raj gastam dar hava."-trlag m 1. 2 I was. -dhana m 1. 'If you do not bestow any 'dIE3t [ga1?ti] P (ff' adj rambler, roamer. 2 boat, blessing on a person, can he get that by yacht, skiff. mortgaging something to you?' ~ [ga1?tad] P / roamed. 2 were; existed. ~ [gahal).ul S toil, hard work. 2 act of <RF.it [ga1?i] See OTH. obliging, act of making one grateful. aru [gah] See (ljiT vr. "kar gah lehu ubari." 'dTUc'l [gahan] Skt adj serious, unfathomable. 2 arduous, difficult. 3 inaccessible; where it is -hajare 10. 2 P J n site, location, place. 3 time, difficult to reach. 4 dense. 5 depth, profundity. moment. 4 adv sometimes, occasionally. "gah kaladar me1?vad."-divan goya. 6 water. 7 agony, affliction. "mrthra gahan CI1UiJ1UT [gahgaha] adj fast, deep. "jru ubli gahe."-asa m 5.8 See ~ 1. "kath gahan tab majithE ragu gahgaha."-gav var 1 ill 4. 2 firm, karan pukara."-suhi kabir. enduring. ~ [gahndial adj who adopts. 2 worthy ~ [gahgac] adj that which has a firm hold of adopting. 3 from the ornaments. See 'dTUc'l as lime; grasper. 2 grip, grasp. ~. aruarfu [gahgacr] in the grip (grasp). "gahgacr 'dI'Ui'l dltJi'ls1nrr [gahan gahnaial the best

are-

if

,.P r

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dl()i'ldl fa

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situated at a distance often kohs to the north from Bhadaur and 14 miles from Barnala railway station. There is a gurdwara of Guru Har Rai to the north-west of the village. The Guru halted here: while going to Mehraj. It has 50 bighas of land attached to it and gets an annual grant of 25 rupees from the Patiala state. A baptised Singh acts as the priest. 2 Dg intoxicant, inebriant, spirit. ~ [gahlara], ~ [gahlaro], Cl'I<:JW [gahla] adj intoxicated, inebriated, befuddled. 2 crazy. 3 S~-~, careless, ignorant. 4 foolish. armk" [gahlot], im3" [gahlot] a subcaste of Rajputs, from which evolved the Shishodia dynasty of Mewar. ~ [gahvar] See 'dT<J<l'd". 'dJUT [gaha] adopted, accepted. 2 held. 3 P 6( 'dJT<J" n place, site. 4 a bunch of thorny branches used for threshing the harvested crop. ~ [gahaUJ)a] v have the harvest threshed. 2 pass on, hand over. 'dJ"UTtt [gahai] n threshing. 2 wages for threshing. 3 hold, grasp. ~ [gahava] adj who threshes, who does the threshing. 2 adopted, grasped. 3 accepted with full determination. "lakh rn sac kare ju gahava. ;}tkal trh hOI pachtava."-NP. 'dTfu [gahr] n grasp, hold, adoption. "gahr bhuja levahu nam devahu."-asa chat m 5. 2 involvement; attachment. "han seti CItu gahr rahE."-guf m 3. "prr seti andrnu gahr rahi." -asa iJ m 3. 3 adv by assimilating, grasping, holding. "gahr k;}th lara."-asa cMt m 5. iITfu" [gahro], (lrfu>,rr [gahra] held, grasped. 2 adopted, accepted. "man re, gahro na gurupdesu."~sor rot 9.2 n mortgaged or pledged article. ~ [gahIJ)a], ~ [gahrna] See OKJ<!T. orfua'a' [gah r bar J See 'dT<J<l'd". orfm.r [gahrm] n heap. 2 assemblage,

amongst ornaments, the finest of ornaments. See H3'ltIo. dk1i'ldlfa [gahangatr] See dkJ<!dlfa and OJ<JO. 0RJ7iT [gahna] See 'd"J(J'"<!T 3. "ravr sasr gahnE deu reo "-ram kiJbir. 'Mortgage the sun and the moon.' arcnrn [gahbar], ~ [gahbara] SkI' ~ n dense jungle, dlifficult to pass through. "gahbar ban ghor, gahbar ban ghor he!"-asa chat m 5. 2 tortuous territory arduous to reach. 3 den, cave. 4 hypocrisy, pretence. 5 deep meaning. 6 water. 7 adj secret. 8 dark, dense. "lal gulal gahbara." ~$ri m 1. 'iI'I'mf [gahar] n haziness. 2 overcast with dust. 3 See 'd1~ 1. '''maha gahar ban tahf :ck laha." -CiJrItr 256. 'saw a dust storm in the jungle.' ~ [gahargahu] See dl<JfadIQ. dkJijaYiJlar [gaharg;}bhir], dl<Jdd7iJ1d ' [gaharg2bhira] adj inaccessible and grave; hazy and impenetrable; difficult to secure, unfathomable. 2 See crrft:ra"afita". dkJijal!ldT ~i3' [gaharg;}bhira gauhar] pearl of the inccessible and unfathomabl,~ sea. 2 (unfathomable sea's gem) metaphysical deliberation. "trsu sevak kE nanak kurbaJ)i jo gahargabhira gauhar jiu."-majh m 5. aldiji@iij [gaharvar] a subcaste of Rajputs. "gaharvar cJhan gahbt dJre."-CiJrrtT 91. 'dRRJT [gahra] Skt 0Tg0" See 'dT<J<l'd". 2 grave, deep. orc:RJTtt [gahraiJ n seriousness, depth. aldfaal~[ [gahangahu] metaphysical deliberation" knowledge of the Creator. "gahangahu hadrathr dio."-siJveye m 2 ke. 'Hazrat (Guru Nanak Dev) gave us knowledge of the Creator.' 'dImft [gahri] adjdeep. "gahri karkE niv khudai." -dhiJna namdev. 2 dense. "gahri b:cbhut lar bEtha tari."-ram m 5. 'dJUlir [gahal] a village ofpolice station Bhadaur, administrative circle Barnala, Patiala state,

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community, crowd.

arfuwarfuH [gahImagahIm] large crowd. See orfuJ..r 2. 2 hustle and bustle. arftra" [gahu] See 0ltRf. 2 See~. "sital chan
gahu phal."-s kCJbir. [gahIrgabhir], oTfcrQ"oriTg: [gahIrgabhiru]' dl Fclddlild [gahIrgabhir], orfclddlild1E [gahIrgabhirie], orf~g: [gahIrgabhiru] See dlclddlild. "va<;le mere sahIba gahugabhira gUl).igahira."-sodCJru. 2 a child named Bishna born to Sukhi, wife carpenter Kahnchand, on the 9th of the dark half of the lunar month of Sammat 1920 in village Thana, of Ludhiana district. He became a disciple of Matabdas Udasi and was called Bisan Dass. He spent several years in the big assembly ofUdasis. In Sammat 1944, he set up his own centre and began to preach his sermon. According to Bisan Das, the most exalted name for God is Gahirgambhir. In support of this he used to recite the following verses of Gurbani. "gahugabhir athah suami atulu na jai kIa mIna."-maru solhe m 5. "gahugabhir athahu hath na labhai."-var mCJla m 1. "gahIrgabhiru athahu tu gUl). gIan amolr."-var maru 2 m 5. "gahugabhir sagar ratnagar avar nahi anpu ja." -sar CJ m 1. "gahIrgabhir beat govfde."-majh m 5. The disciples of Bisan Das came to be known as Gahirgambhirie. Guru Granth Sahib is their scripture and their headquarter is in Ropar, district Ambala. "dl'fua't [gahIri] See omaT. 2 gahI (adopt), ri (0 lady). See trB-craT. dlFCJdldfilal [gahuigabhiri] See trB-craT. 'dl'fm? [gahIl] See 0Rm. ~ [gahIlaro], "d'Ifuw [gahIla] See 0TclW. "garab gahIlaro murro."-toc;ii m 5. "gahIla ruhu na jal).ai. SIrU bhi mIti khaI."-s fCJrid. "kIa sovahI nam vIsan gaphal gahIIIa?"
dlFtJddl!fld

and 'dT<JW. 2 assimilative, adoptive. "karamI mIlE gUl).gahIli."-tukha barCJhmaha. ~ [gahIvar] See ~. "ur amod sag bhe gahIvar."-NP. emit [gahi] adopted, imbibed. "gahi ot sadhan."-suhi m 5.2 assimilator; who with ful! force has imbibed sensualities; lustful. "kotI gahi ke pap nIvare."-maru solhe m 3. orulil [gahijE] should adopt. "cho<;lI man . han caral). gahij."-gCJu m 5. cm:flQ [gahir] adj ~, unfathomed. See dlf<Jddlil'd. 2 P one who does not abandon his post in the battlefield. "gajje gahir."-VN. 3 obstinate horse. 4 See or<:i12. ~ [gahiraul, <m:flor [gahira] adj who assimilates; who grasps; who seizes. "manahI gahirclu pekhI prabhu kau."-jEt m 5. 2 deep, unfathomable. See dlfclddlild. amtg [gahiru] S big. 2 See 0T<Jl0. 'd'I"tiW [gahilaJ, <JTtilffi [gahili] Skt~ assimilator, adopter. "patIt-udharan buad gahila."-NP. 2 customer. "mahapurakh tum gunigahila." -NP. 3 grasper. "garabI gahili."-CJkal. 'one who keeps the conceited ones in thrall.' 'dTST [gahu] n pit dug for a hedge engulfing thorny branches. 2 grasp, hold. "rahIn nahi gahu kItno!"-gCJu m 5. See ft'Rf 5. 3 Skt f'OJ<J. insistence, stubbornness. "dun karahu apan gahu re."-keda m 5.4 grasp, assimilate. "gahu parbraham saran."-dhCJna m 5. '~Q" [gahur] Pkt n lateness, delay. "calahu, nahI gahur karijE."-GPS. See~. am [gahe] adopted, grasped, held. See 0lU0. aTfrtit [gahehi] have grasped. "mE satIgur at gahehi."-sor m 5. 'dTJa'r [gahera] adj grave, deep. "sahIb gUl).igahera."-sor m 5. 2 dense forest. "man re, sasar adhgahera."-sor kCJbir. 3 one who
"dT<J"1')

-asa m 5. 'dTftrl;ft [gahI Ii] adj crazy. See

.If

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assimilates or grasps. ~ [gahe1rol, dlfrw [gahe1a], mm [gaheli], om~ [gahelo] See: 0l'UW. "su!).r sUl).r kamgahe1ie!" -sri m 3. "garabgahe1i mahrlu na paw:."-suhi that is, unexpected happening, impossible occurrence. 2 sun, moon, stars, metaphorically regarded as flowers in the sky. dldlodl;Jij [gagang~bhir] n the Creator, universal and infinite like the sky. 0JCIR'itRf [gagancar], dldl(')tl,al [gagancari] adjliving in the sky. 2 n biirds. 3 sun. 4 moon. S planets. 6 arrow. 7 cloud. 8 air. 9 deity, god. dldloodlij [gagan-nagar], dldl(')(')dIFd [gagannagan] n ultimate stage of divine awareness. "gagan-nagan rk bud na barkhE."-asa kabir. CJTaI'i')1jij' [gaganpur]' ~ [gaganpunl, 0Td'I7i1::@ [gaganpuru] See dldl(')(')dlij. "rahE gaganpun drrsatr samESarI."~ramam 1. 2 all pervasive like the sky; the Almighty. "garabu nrvan gaganpuru pae.'"-gau m 1. 3 palace, so named for comprising many storeys. CJrilTi'iJ-firn" [gaganmac;la11 n galaxy, cosmos. 2 ultimate stage leading to divine awareness. "gaganm~c;la1 mahr ropE th~mu."-var ram 1 m 1. dldloidlo i [gagnagnal n beauteous woman living in the sky; celestial female; fairy. ~ [gagcmabul Skt water of the sky, rainwater; Sushrut mentions its use in numerous medicines. "dI'dl'fo [gaganrl in the sky. "tu jalr thalr gaganr payalr purr rahra."-savEye m 4 ke. 2 in the ultimate stage of divine awareness. See CJJ(ffi') 8. iffiI1"'Q [gaganu] See "dlOTO. "gaganu raha r a hukme."-maru solhe m 5. dldlhafa [gagn~tClrr], dldli'l'fa [gagn~danl in the ultimate stage of divine awareness. 2 in the ultimate Reality like the all-pervasive sky. "gagn~tarr vas."-oakar. "gagnatarr vasra 8O!). pargasra."-sor a m 1. "saca vasa purr gagn~dan." -maru solhe m 1. 'dJOIQT [gagra] See ~. 2 pitcher. CJlORft [gagri], ~ [gagria] See CJ!'d'Tij". "kac

m5. aRt [gahEl adopts. 2 threshes. 3 goes to; bathes. "bharme bhu1a sabhr tirath gahE."~V"arram 1 m3. aRtw [gahEya] adj who assimilates. 2 who grasps (holds). <l'Rf [grah] Skt m{ vr slander; accuse. 0Ttk" [graha!).] Skt"lTIfuT n slandering, blaming, defaming. ll'TfJ3" [grhrtl Skt 1TTIfu adj slandered. ~ [gahvar] See ~. 'iJI'CG" [gakat] See m. ~ [gakkar], (~ [gakkri] a resident ofKakka village in Kashmir. In Sanskrit, it is called Kekay.. 2 See oTclm. cffl:f6' [gc)kkharl, oTclm [gakkhri], ~ [gakkhar] a Rajput subcaste ofMuslims, living mostly in districts of Jehlum and Hazara. "bhakkhri k~dhari gor gakkhri."-aka I. iJIOI<!" [gaga!).], (~ [gaga!).u] group of celestial musicians. 2 sky. See CJJ(ffi'). 3 short for grahga!).. CJJ(ffi') [gaganl Skt n sky, for one to move about. "gaganmE thalu ravr c~du dipak bane." -sohrJa. 2 dot, zero. 3 vacuum, space. 4 mica. S heaven, paradise. 6 air, breeze, wind. "upan kup gagan panrhari."-prabha m 1. 7 the universal Creator, the all pervasive Ahnighty. "gagan g~bhiru gagan~tan vasu." -oakar. 8 ultimate stage of divine awareness. "gaganr nrvaSI samadhr 1agavE."-asa d m 1. 9 See 6l'l.flif t' ~ 1. 10 measure of one, because the sky is taken as a single entity. 0TaTi') llfCl"R' [gagan akas] the sky and shining stars i.e. planets. See ~ and orR". "jrnr dhar dhari gagan akas."--asa d m 1. 2 planets and the sky. 0I'0\"0C!'8'H [gagankusum] n flowers of the sky,

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gagria abh majhria."-asa m 5. Here unbaked pitcher stands for mortal frame. QJtJJ;fT [gagra], 0J0Sl [gagri] a low caste, whose members use leech, cupping glass, hollow horn etc to remove by suction blood from human bodies. "jy6 gagri tumri tan laykE."-knscm. crrarr [gaga], afOfT [gagga] pronunciation of character or. 2 the character or. "gaga gobIdgul). ravahu."-ba van. oTcitI'ij'T [gaggobuha] a village under police station Taran Taran in district Amritsar, situated ten miles the west of the railway station. While on a hunting expedition, Guru Hargobind came here and rested for a while under a peepal tree. Bhai Bir Singh (disciple of Khuda Singh), a famous and dedicated preacher belonged to this village. At the dera, a community kitchen is still active for serving food. An annual congregation is held on Jeth 5. See m <JrtT [gael or 011f [gacu] P { n lime; mortar used for raising walls of bricks and stones etc. 2 plaster prepared for beautifying the inside and outside of the bricked walls and arched roofs. It has been in use since the ancient times and is of many types depending upon the proportion in which the components are combined. The mortar prepared for the decoration of inner walls consists offine sand, powder of marble and gypsum. The mortar for use in external walls is not so pure and fine, but it shines just like marble if the dried plaster is properly rubbed. Now-a-days cement is also mixed in this type of mortar. The third coating of plaster of Paris mixed with sand and fine powdered lime is also given this name. There is another type of mortar in which some quantity of hair is also mixed. This is very hard, smooth and sleek. "ghat gae kite bage bag."-var sar m 1. "kaei c;lhahagI dIval kahe gaeu lavahu."-basJt ill 1. 3 See afti'. ~ [gaekari], ~ [gaegiri] n act of embedding, inlaying. "ajaran bIkhE mal).In gaekari."-NP. 2 masonry work in lime; a building constructed with lime sand. "gar m;xiar gaegiria kIehu sathI na jai."-var sar m 4. (JJffi') [gacan] v fix with lime. 2 unite, join. "baean ein tamE gac5. "-cJQi 1. "prabha kartar Ihi mE gad hE."-krIsan. 011f [gaeu] See ortr. am [gacc] n anger, ire. 2 indignation. 3 adj intoxicated, inebriated. 'iJTiir [gaeh] See ~. 0I'iifc!T [gaehl).a], <J1S7)T [gaehna] v go. "gachel). nEl). bharel).."-gatha. See ~ and~. al's [gaceh] Skt ~ derived from vr 0Pf (1]1=[), which means to go. 2 n tree. 3 group of Jainmonks. 4 shower. "pari gacch tira."-eJQi 2. dTM [gaj] Skt Tf'\ vr shout in intoxication. 2 n elephant, that shrieks when intoxicated. "kop bharyo gaj matt maha bhar suc;llae bhat sudar sou."-krIsan. 3 a celestial musician, who turned into an elephant due to sage Deval's curse. He was seized by an octopus in Varun's pond. As he got helpless and was about to drown, he prayed to the Almighty who cut off ofall the bonds. See~11citr 8; ch. 2. "gajko tras mItIo jIh SImrat."-gau m 9. See ~. 4 Ganesh. "kahu gur gaj SIV sabhko janE." -gau kabir. 5 a demon, having appearance of an elephant, son of Mehikhasur; Gajasur in his previous birth was king of Mahesh. In the next birth, he turned into an elephant because of curse from Narad. In order to end the troubles caused to the gods, Shiva killed Gaj and put its skin on his body. 1 See~, ~ Blhr, ch. 10. 6 an advisor of Sugriv. 7 yard; a length measuring 48 fingers. See P ;! "manu
l"pahInE hathi sih khall (;buru vaI karE hEraI}E"-BG.

rnur.

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mera gaju jIhva meri kati."~asa namdev. The exact measure of a yard has been varying and sti II it has variations; but the most popular measure is of sixteen gIras or thirty six inches. In Punjab, the yard is also taken to be two cubits. 8 ramrod for playing the stringed instruments sarada or saragi etc; ramrod or iron rod for cleaning the barrel of a gun. "chal).kat lag<9t gaj pher pher."-GPS. 9 See ~. 10 At one place gaj has also been used for cazi. "hamE na gajsma me dij. hIdudharam rakh kan lijE . "-CarItr 195. 'Do not hand us over to the army of Gazi Pathans.' OJH fuoftR" [gaj Ikis] See ~. ~ [gajIdra] See OJH 3 and ~. "gajIdra dhraIo han kio mokh."-bas5t a m 5. 0TRfi:fur [gajsIgh] a relative ofBhimsen Kahluria and Rajput soldier. See r~re::Ji')lcO( ch. 12. ~ [gaj-hasti] adj (an elephant) who has raised his trunk for trumpeting. "gaj-hasti ke pran udhariale."-mali namdev. Then: is an ancient story that with his trunk the elephant ofTered a lotus to the Almighty and pleaded for protection.. See OJH 3. 2 intoxicated elephant. See or;::r 3. "gaj-hasti dino camkan . "--bher a namdev. Clfi1Ol" [gajak] P Jf n a kind of pungent, sour delicacy. 2 a kind of sweet meat. 0Iffilrfu" [gajgatJ:], 0IffilP-I?)" [gajgaman] n gait of an elephant. 2 gait like that of an elephant. In poetic compositions an elegant lady's gait is compared with that of an elephant. See

covering. 4 howdah of an elephant.

~ [gajgamrni], ~ [gajgEl).i], ~

art:ra1'fHo1.
artraT"tT

[gajgah] n elephant's ornament, especially one for an elephant or a horse to wear on the head. "turag nacavat yut gJjgahan."-GPS. 2 an ornament for the head of a warrior, shaped like a plume. "gajagah b5dhe., puna bhag jano!"-GPS. 'racing after wearing an ornament on the head!' 3 elephant's

[gajgJni] adj having an elephant's gait. "mngpatI katI chajat gajgEl).i."-ramav. "pr rag kJcan gajgJni."-NP. 0Iffi!T [gajl).a] Skt ~';f n thunder, roar. CI1"i1"eR" [gJjdas] See ~. iJltItRT [gajdhar] a ruler, who keeps elephants. 2 forest in which elephants live. 3 Dg tailor, who uses a yardstick for measuring cloth etc. 4 player of stringed instruments like sarada, saragi, taus etc. ~ [gajlldv] a verse by Kabir in Gauri Rag: 1 gajlldv gajdas gaj-Ikis puria ek tanai, 2 sath sut navkhJc;! bahatarr patu lago adh.rkai, 3 gai bunavan maho 1 ghar ChOc;!IE jaI julaho, 4 gaji na mIniE tolI na tuliE pacanu ser ac;!hai, 5 jau kan pacanu begI na pavE jhagaru karE gharhai, 6 dIn ki bEth khasam ki barkas Ih bela kat ai? 7 chute kuc;!e bhigE puria calIo julaho risai. 8 chochi nali tatu nahi nIksE nataru rahi urjhai, 9 choc;!I pasaru iha rahu bapuri kahu kabir samjhai."-54. Its meaning is as follows: 1 A ro II of forty yards long warp was spread with nine yards (for as many openings), ten yards (for ten sensory organs), twenty-one yards (five for basic elements, five for sensory pleasures, ten for as many types of vital airs and one for self-realisation). 2 Warp was made of sixty tendons (veins) and nine main joints in the body while woof comprised seventy two principal nerves. 3 When the weaver (proud of his male
lIn Sindhi
~

means warp and cotton-thread, which

appears appropriate here.

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physique) was leaving his house (mortal from Kandhar. Its average height above seaframe), his attachment to physical existence level is 7,279 feet. went ahead for a warp i.e. strove to acquire a dlAoJlfa [gajanyanl foe of Gazni (army of new body. elephants), the gun-sanama. 2 lion, enemy of 4 Is this roll of warp (bodily frame) not the flock of elephants-sanama. properly designed by length and weight? Its 'ifrtIl.I'fu" [gajpatI] master of elephant Airawat, daily diet (starch in case of weaver's cloth) is Indar. 2 a ruler, who keeps elephants. two and a half seer. 3 supreme elephant. S If the diet (starch) is not at once available, 'dT'H"tI'f3fJ:fur [gajpatIsfghl second son of the weaver fights to dismantle the web, Sukhchain of Phul dynasty, born in 1738, meaning i.e. the physical body gets weakened whose daughter Raj Kaur, was married with due to the non-availability of proper diet, the great pomp and show to Maha Singh being quarrels to demolish the house or the Shukarchakia in 1774 AD. Her belonging to mind tends to leave the mortal frame. the Phool dynasty was regarded crucial for 6 0, lady! disobeying your beloved husband, giving birth to the glorious ruler Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Raja Gajpati Singh conquerred lind in why are you sitting idle during life's day-time? This precious time won't return. 1763. He issued a coin in his own name. Raja 7 The weaver is annoyed and is ready to Gajpati Singh breathed his last in 1789. leave renouncing these veins in the vessels ~ [gajpal] Skt n one who goads an i.e. bodily pleasures. elephant; Mahout. 8 Vital air is not emerging from the 'dJRY"ij" [gajpur1 Hastinapur. See ClrtfTYCf. respiratory tube i.e. breathing system is getting 'dTH'8" [gajab] A ~ n anger, ire. 2 calamity, disaster. 3 wonder.-acaTaj. inanimate. 9 0 pitiable lady! forsake worldy pleasures ~ [gajbadanl See ~. and get free from desire. This is Kabir's dlmhlo [gajbahan] n Indar, who rides Airawat; sermon to you.! Airawat, the elephant. ~ [gajbelI] See ~. ~ [GaznavilA lSi} adjpertainingto Gazni; ~ [gajmuktal n pearl obtained from the of Gazni. See Cl'I"fl7iT 4. 2 See ~. head of an elephant. Mallinath writes that 0I'fl0I"ff [gajnall gun, which is fired from the back ancient scholars have mentioned eight kinds of an elephant. 2 heavy cannon, pulled by of pearls extracted from eight different sources elephants. amo't [gajnil n Skt female elephant. 2 earlier i.e.-elephant, cloud, pig, conch shell, whale, snake, oyster shell and bamboo. 2 swollen name ofBallabhpur, as it was founded by Gaj, portion offlesh on the forhead of an elephant; the ruler. 3 army of elephants.-sanama. 4 P j} a town in Afganistan, which happened to pitcher. be the capital of Mahmood. It is situated at a 'dTH'l::f'lf [gajmukhl Ganesh. See ~. distance of92 miles from Kabul and 221 miles 'dTHlfq [gajmedhl ritual around fire, performed tWe cannot. for sure. say what the meanings of these by sacrificing an elephant. obscure words arc. It is probable that Kabir might have orffi:l3t [gajmoti], ~ [gajmotia] See 01HJjC8T. "kanIk mal).Ik gajmotia."-asa m 5. meant something else.

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0lFRl"Ef [gajrath] n one having elephant as his

vehicle, Indar. 2 a chariot pulled by elephants; a mobile throne. ;rr;::RfT [gCijra] n leaves of carrot. 2 rosary of flowers" flower garland. 3 an ornament worn on the wrist by women. "besar gajrar;'}." -ramav. ~ [gajraj] n chief elephant. 2 Airawat, the elephant. 3 Indar, who is lord of Airawat (the elephant). 'CJ'li1fu [gaj;3rI] elephant's enemy, the lion.-scmama. See CJJRTfu. :(JIm? [Gazal] A Jj beating ofhours at four" eight and tweleve o'clock. "gajal bajai mhi ajal bajai hE."-das kavI. 2 in Arabic it means talk with ladies i, e. romantic poetry, but in prosody this term is also used for a specific metfl~. This poetic metre is of many types just like different types of savEya. Bhai Nandlal has composed gazals of 10 and 12 stanzas in Deewan Goya, which vary in metre depending upon the number and position of matras. Even jdsat 1 verses must rhyme. See, they must alliterate as is evident from the following examples: a. ten lines, each line has 27 or 28 matras, with even lines rhyming and having guru as terminal character. Example: din dunIya dar kam;'}de a pari ruxsare rna, hal' do alam kimte yak tar muye yare rna. gahe sufi gahe zahad gah kaladar me:;;vad, rag-haye muxtaIIf darad bute ayyare rna. -divan goya. b. twelve lines, each line having 21 matras, even lines alliterating and stanzas ending with guru character. Example: xu:;;ast urnI' kI daryad bIguzarad, varanah
'Its pronunciation as jIsvt is also correct

CI haslast aZl gGbde kabud mara .... -divan goya. c. ten lines, odd lines have 24 matras, even lines have 27 matras. Even lines rhyme and end with a laghu character. Example: goya nIgahe yar kI maxmur ga:;;t-haem h: xvah:;;e may ragin pur asrar mekunem.... -divan goya. d. Pllnjabi poets have written gazals of various metres; one is as under: eight lines, odd lines have 27 matras while even lines have 26 matras each. Even rhymes alliterate to end with guru. Odd rhymes have no alliteration but end with laghu. Example: mItgai man ki burai :;;atI ne kino nIvas, satIguru ki knpa pai janam marl)a katgIa. sabhIn se kini mItai dur kino dVEtbhav, hE dIkhate sage bhai patal bhram ka phatgIa. ~ [gajvadan] n one having the face of an elephant; Ganesh. See ~. 'ill'tl" [gaja] n alms begged in loud voice; beggar's earnmgs. ~ [gajaul)a] v roar; call by shouting; utter (salutation) in loud, thunderous voice as a religious slogan. em:rrfuq [gajaIdh] See ~. ~ [gajaIb] A ~W adj plural of:oJMa1?i. "gajaIb ganimE."-japu. iIfi1'TIJo [gajasur] a demon named Gaj. See 0Ti1 5. or;:rrfutit [gajadhIpi] n lord of elephants; master ofAirawat; Indar. "gajadhIpi naradhIpi karat sev hE sada."---akal. Indar and Kuber are always in attendance. 2 King, the lord of elephants. 'iJ1"tI'li"iO [gajanan] SkI n one having the face of an elephant, Ganesh. OJ'H'TYO [gajapur] Hastinapur. "bar bir gajapur

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me caljEyE."-knscm. See ~"ij". 'ilIt.i"e" [gazad] P ;;1 n pain, suffering. 2 shock, 'ilJi11"Htr [gajamedh] See CllRifq. hurt, injury. CIJtIllilli [gajayab] See ~. ~ [gajada] See ~. 2 adj causing a roar. ~ [gajayudh] n goad to egg on elephants. "gaj gaji ko gajada."-gyan. "barchi ban knpan gajayudh."-paras. In ~ [gajjaD] brother of Shihon, who was a ancient times, warriors used goads in staunch follower of Guru Nanak Dev. 2 See warfare. "il"JO"t1?i". 0JtITfa" [gajan], ~ [gajari] n enemy of the ~ [gajjal] See s';Mf08. elephant, lion, tiger. 2 a species of the pine aTtrfi:fur [gajjasfgh] See ~ 1. tree. aTij' [gajju] a follower of Guru Hargobind, who il'Tfi::InfT [gajIa] shouted, roared. "gursabdi gobfd was deeply spiritual and a great warrior. He gajIa."-var kan m 4. 'raised the slogan of showed valour in the battle ofAmritsar. "chajju gajju muhru radhava te sujana sur."-GPs. Gobind'. 'ilTfi:re [gajfd] See d'I"ft~. "karE gajfd su<;l ki cot." are- [gajjh] n elephant. 2 treasure. 3 adj brave, -bilEr namdev. courageous. "gajjh an jUtt-hE. "-paras. arftf~ [gajfda] adj roaring. 2 P ~J:.i1 who ~ [gatak], "iJ"l"ZaT [gatka] n onom gurgling sound produced in the throat while gulping milk; raises slogans; selector; who makes a choice. a word suggesting gulping sound. 2 act of "jot jeb ko gajfda jan."-gyan. gulping. "jIu guga gatak samare."-ndt d m 4. or;:it [gaji] Skt n female of an elephant; she"ras rasIk gatak nIt pijE."-kalI d m 4. "han elephant. 2 army of elephants.-scmama. See <:reT. 3 adj elephant keeper. 4 with yards, by pia ras gatke."-suili m 4. yards. "gaji I1d mIniE talI I1d tuliE." -gdU kdbir. dl<::cl't;l.V [gatkauDa] v gulp; sip; drink noisily. 2 swallow, eat without chewing. "<;lala SIU pe<;la 0Jtf [gaju] See OJR. orft'tI [gajedra] Skt ~ adj chief of elephants, gatkavahI."-asa kabir. supreme elephant. 2 n Airawat, the heavenly 'dJGa1'6' [gatkar], ~ [gatkara] n See OT<::C{T. "ka<;lhI makhan ke gatkare."-ndt a m 4. elephant. 3 a celestial musician who, cursed iIJ<::T [gata] n line. "bagpatI laSE janu dat gata." by sage Deval, turned into an elephant and was caught hold of by an octopus in the pond of -c~c;Ji I. 2 knot. 3 bud of a flower, flowerbud. Varun. When he became helpless and was ~ [gatak], iJlC'OlT [gataka] See OT<::C{T. "adhe about to get drowned, he took a lotus in his khavahI bISU ke gatak."-sar m 5. "harIras trunk, offered it to the Almighty and prayed gatak piau jiu."-asa cil~t m 4. for help. The Almighty freed him from the clutches of the octopus. This tale is described 'dI'it [gati] n count; plan. "man gInat gati kIm vIghan than."-GPS. 2 worry. 3 wooden in detail in the second chapter of the eighth piece or pebble used as checker; dice. 4 knot. section of Bhagwat. 5 shackle, fetter. "auguDa dia pErigatia paOdia King Indradyuman 1 is also believed to have han."-JSBM. turned into an elephant due to sage Agastya's 'dkr [gatta] n cork, stopper, plug. 2 in the jargon curse. See <:JT<JT~. See ~~. of sweet makers, a thickened sugar paste in 'This is written as fdrdJn in Gurusobha as in "fdradJn the shape of a fine rope, cut into small balls raja rk hota".

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covered with sesame seeds; revri. 3 See (JI'CT. 010 [gath] n knot. 2 joint. iJICiClGT [gathkata], dlcCi(3d' [gathkatral, OIocn..r [gathkapp] pick pocket. 2 cheat, deceiver. 'iIJ'i5ibr [gathjora] n tying ends of the robes of the bridl;: and the bridegroom during the marriage ceremony. It means that the two are joined in a lifelong union to act as single entity. 0100 [gathan] SICt oj'ETO v knot, tie, join. 2 n formation, embedding. ~ [gathri], crrc:;ft [gathri] n package tied with a knot in a sheet of cloth. oror [gatha] Skt ~ n onion. L Allium Sepa. xa ~1.P". Its latent effect is dry and warm. The white onion is less warm in effect than the red one. It is aphrodisiac, phlegmatic to some extent, eradicates psora and provides vigour to the body. It kills worms in the intestines. It brings rellieffrom flatulence; vomiting ends on smelling it. The use of onion is very effective for a patient suffering from cholera. ~ [gathauJ:.l.al, <JT6T?iT [gathana] adj getting cobbled, getting stitched. "logo gathav panhi." -sor ravTdas. crrfow [gathIya], ~ [gathia] pickpocket, cheat. 2 ailment ofjoints, hence the name. Skt ~ It is a rheumatic disease caused by disorder in the wind within the body. The body ofthe patknt gets inert followed by pain and inflammation ofthe joints. Sometimes, one has fever due to severe pain. Gout is caused by several factors, accordingly the treatment should be done" The following are the main causes: excessive sitting, doing no exercise, taking oily and heavy food, exposure while having fever, lack of care in wearing proper clothes in cold countries, walking with bare feet, infection ofsyphilis and gonorrhoea in the body, taking unprocessed metals, excessive drinking,

u7

suffering from minary diseases, etc. It is hereditary also. Generally the following steps are taken to cure gout: (a) Add two mashas each ofcolocynth root and piper longum (piperaceous plant) to one tola ofjaggery and make balls of two mashas each. Take two balls daily with water. (b) Massage the joints with castor oil. (c) Grind to fine powder a mixture ofsweet suraj, asgadh (physalis flexussaital), bIdhara, sOgh (dried ginger), s5ph (aniseed). Add to it an equal amount of sugar, prepare small packets of about four mashas each. Take one packet of dose in the morning and one in the evening with warm milk. (d) Use gum of pine tree. (e) Massage the joints with oils of turpentine, sesame, camphor, kutth and naraIJ:.l.i. (f) Take mixture of three mashas of asgadh (physalis Hexussaital) powder and six mashas of sugar with goat's milk. 3 in a bundle, in hand. "Itnaku khatia gathia matia."-keda kdbir. 'So much wealth has been earned, this much is in hand while so much is hidden.' aro"lw [gathila] ad} knotted. 2 engrossed. 'iJTi5"3" [gath:>t], or5-:3T [gath:>ti] n relationship, friendship, agreement. 2 act ofjoining. iJTor [gattha] n bundle of wood etc. 2 container of cartridges. 3 a measure of land equal to one bIsvasi. See 'Cffi}f and fi..I<Bt. 4 See oror. cmr [gag] Skt m:, VI' flow, drip, irrigate, cover, hide. 2 n barrier, stoppage, resistance. 3 ditch. 4 difference, gap. 5 a kind of fish. See E cod. "Ihum~:mlahIrigag thIa."-sfarid 'Thinking has got entangled like a fish in the waves.' 6 spear, lance. 7 rice cooked in jaggery, rice. "gagsatuya. dadhISatuya."-gyan. 8 See CI'1.

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[gaQas] Skt 1~ n gargle. 2 sip. See <Jm" 7. 0Jir0T [gaQ-ha] n pit, dugout. "de karI gaQ-ha gaQi."-dhana m 5. "eke sram karI gaQi gaQh."-maru m 5. 'cart in the pit.' ~ [gaQal).] n sinking or getting stuck in mire, marsh or mud. ~ [gaQl).a] get stuck, sink. 2 mix, enter. "VICI sace kuru na gaQai."-var gaum 4. <Jm" fulW [gaQ thIa] See <Jm" 5. 2 got stuck. ~ [gaQdar] adj who carries a lance or spear. "matt kari gaQdaran jfse."-knsan. ~ [gaQbaQ] advtopsy-turvy. 2 upside down. 3 confused. 4 See ~. ~ [gaQria] Skt ..-rgftcp shepherd. ~ [gaQva] See ~. "dudh katon: gaQvf pani."-bhEr namdev. ~ [gaQvar] spearman. See ~. 2 one who fixes, or pitches. iJrnT [gac;la] See 0Jir0T. 2 See ~. [gaQai] mixed up. "vasatu mahI Ie vasatu gaQai." --sukhmani. 2 n act of fix ing. 3 wages for fixing. imJ'O [gaQar] name of Shaktasur as used in Dasam Granth. "bakai bak Jr gaQar trIl).avat." -knsan. 'Vaki, Vakdait, Shaktasur and Trinavarat. 2 Dg cart track. ~ [gaQavad] See~. "hOI gaQavaQ juddh macaIa."-BG. [gaQI] n firm determination. 2 adjfirm. "so nIbahu gaQI, jo calau na thiE."--var maru2 m 5.3 Skt an ox, given to lying down to shirk yoking. 4 adv by fixing, after thrusting. 'CIT11P>rr [gaQ Ia] fixed firmly, stuck. 2 linked, joined. "papi SIU tanu gaQIa."-var asa. 'had joined the sinner.' -anti' [gaQi] See "Cl'fm. orcft>w [gaQia] n cart, carriage, wagon, bullock cart. "pac bEl gaQia deh dhari."-ram m 1. Here
dTIrn

five oxen stand for sense organs.

~ [gaQihar] n toy cart for children to play.

arm

2 three-wheeled frame used to train children to walk; walker. "rah sIkhavan kaj gaQihar." -krIsan. ~ [gaQir] Skt l"TTfilGq n bow having bamboo nodes, bow made from a bamboo piece. 2 bow. "ahInIs rahf gaQir CaraI."-ratcmmala bano. 'one who always keeps his bow stretched to hunt down sexual passions.' ~ [gaQiral).], ~ [gaQirna], d'Jitor [gaQira] See ~ 2. "hath gaQiran pf dharkE pad madain mad uthavan Iage."-GPS. 2 small cart, light-wheeled carriage. "gan gaQirne par hE cite."-GPS. dr<l [gaQu] S n dust, dirt. 2 thin stem of a tree. 3 adj deep. 4 Skt hunchback. 5 hollow. ~lW [gaQua] n pitcher-like small metallic vessel. 2 bucket-like metallic vessel; kamac.!al. "agan me saj h6 bhagve pat hath bIkhe gaQua gahIIfh6."-cantr 257. ~ [gaQol).a] v force in, fix, plant. [gaQQaJ, ~ [gaQQi] n two-wheeled cart used for carrying load. Such a small cart is also used for conveyance. It is ofseveral types. Now this word is commonly used for wheeled vehicles. 'iml [gaQh] Skt n ditch, trench. 2 castle, fort. "kIu Iijr gaQhu baka bhai?"-bhEr kabir. omo [gaQhan], 0JWiT [gaQhna] v chisel. "pakhan gaQhIkf muratI kini."-asa kabir. "sona gaQhte hIrr sunara."-g5<;i namdev. 2 make, create. ~ [gaQhvaI] a district in Kumaon division of V.P. 2 an eastwhile state, situated to the north of Haridwar. Many Hindu pilgrimage centres like Sadri Narayan, Kedar Nath etc fall in this region. Shri Nagar was the capital of this state during the period of Guru Gobind Singh. See B't 7iCJ'TO.

ornr

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CJTfua"
~

[ga(~hIkE] by sculpting. See ~.

[gaghIya], CIlWw [gac;lhIa] adj sculptor, maker. 2 See or;f\fT 3. 0Ii [gaghu] See or~L aW3' [gac;lMt] n creation, shape, design. 2 fake utteranc1e, fancy. ~ [gaD] Skt n community, group, gathe:ring. 2 unit of army having strength of27 chariots, 27 elephants, 81 horses, and 135 foot soldiers. 3 class, caste. 4 attendants of deities like Yamgan, Shivgan etc. "gaD gadharab sIdh aru sadhIk."-devm 5.5 ten sections of grammar like bhvadI, ;::JdadI etc. 6 nine deities so named because each deity carries multiple numbers. They are as followsa. anII (air): forty-nine. b. achty: (sun) twelve. c. abhasvar: sixty-four. d. sadhy: twelve. e. tU~?It: thirty-six. f. maharajlk: two hundred and twenty. g. rudr: eleven. h. VdiSU: eight. i. vI$vedeva: ten. 7 In prosody, a combination of three charactl~rs is called a gaD. (5 stands for guru, that is, long, and I stands for laghu, that is, shol1) These a.re eight in numbermagaD 555 all long chagal) 511 first long jagalt). 151 middle long sagaD 115 end long nagaD III all short yagaD ~~ first short ragaD SIS middle short tagaD 551 end short 8 In prosody, five combinations of a rnatnk foot are: : tagar.1 has six matras, thdgal). has five matra~, gagar:l has four matras, ghagal) has three matras and DagaD has two matras.

9 a demon, according to Sakand Puran, who was born from the: womb ofAbhijit Brahmin's consort, impregnated with Brahma's semen. He was killed by Ganesh, hence was named Ganes~ (lord of gaD, conqueror of gaD). 'iJIC!OI" [gaDak] Skt ICj~ astrologer; numerolgist. dl<!<!''1<!1 [gaJt).-Daul).a] v roar. It is onomatopoeic of roaring. (of lions etc.) "sIh tuna gaDDaIkE."-cJqi 3. 01<!3" [gaDatl, 0TBt [gaDti] n counting, numbering. "gaDat gaDavE akhri."-oJkar. "gaDti gaDi na jaI."-var guj 2 m 5. "eft adesa gaDat tajI jan hukam pachata."-bIla m 5. 2 roll call of labourers, soldiers, policemen etc. "satIgur ki gaDtE ghusiE dukhedukh vIhaI."-var gau 1 m3. 'dI'<!3" [gaDtE] by numbering. "gaDtE prabhu na paiE."-var guj 1 m 3. ~ [gaDdevl See ~ 6. 'dI"<!7iT [gaDnal Skt n counting, numbering. 2 calculation. dl<!('),reCl [gaDnaIkj, ~ [gaDnath], dIM'GjO( [gaDnayak], ~r [gaDap], ~ [gaDpatI], ~ [gaDrajl n Lord of all, the Creator. 2 Ganesh. 3 Shiv. 'dJ<!'a1N 'ffi!()" [gaDraj radan] tooth of Ganesh; indicative of one (because Ganesh has only one tooth). See~. ~ [gaDa] Skt Tfll<:T adj countable. "jInI paIa prabhu apl)a ae tIsahI gal)a."-majh barCJhmaha. ~ [gaDauDa] v be recognised, get oneself counted among noble persons. "aDhoda apu gaDaIde."-var vCJq m 3. 'dJ'<!TftItr [gaDadhI p] n lord of all, the Creator. 2 lord of the deities - Ganesh. 3 Shiv. [gaDI] adv by calculating, by counting. "gaD I gaJ).I jotaku." -ram CJ m 1. 2 Skt n counting; inclusion. 'iIIfc!qT [gal)Ika] Skt n having many husbands;

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wife of many persons; prostitute; harlot. See

0'I7iCir". 2 female elephant, so called as it is

covered by many elephants. ~ [g~JI:lIt] Skt adj counted. 2 n arithmetic. 3 science that includes arithmetic. dlFaddl:il [gaDItagy] Skt astrologer. 2 mathematician. arfcE'~ [gaDItvIdya] science ofarithmetic, science of computation (mathematics). ClTit [gaDi] See ~. "gaDat na jaI gaDi."-sor ill 5. 'Computation cannot be counted.' ~ [gaDes] Skt rlF.f lord of gaD.! In Brahamvaivarat Puran, it is written that with the blessings of Vishnu, Parvati gave birth to a son. When after having seen the child all the dieties were delighted, Parvati asked Shani to have a glimpse of it. With a look from Shani the head of the child got blown off immediately. Parvati started wailing. Vishnu chopped offthe head of an elephant and fixed it on the child's body, assigned him the name Ganesh and ordained his worship while initiating all tasks. There is another tale that Parvati formed a child from the scum stuck to her body and made him sit outside her house as a guard. When Shiv came, the child forbade him to enter the house. This enraged Shiv who chopped off the child's head. On hearing Parvati wail for the child, Shiv installed the head ofan elephant, immediately available at that time, on the body of the child and named him as Ganesh. Once a battle ensued between Ganesh and demon Gajmukh. Ganesh made Gajmukh a mouse by piercing his body with an arrow and made it his vehicle. Parshu Ram once went to see Shiv. Nobody was allowed to enter the palace at that time. Ganesh prevented him from going
1

in. So they were engaged in a combat, Parshu Ram struck Ganesh with an axe given to him by Shiv. A tooth ofGanesh was broken by this blow. Hence Ganesh is so named (singletoothed). In Sakand Puran there is also a legend that Ganesh was born to queen Pushpka from king Vareny's semen. The king got frightened on seeing the horrible appearance ofthe child and abondoned him near the hermitage of sage Parashav. The child was brought up by Deepvatsala, wife of the sage, hence Ganesh is also known as Divmatur. Ganesh is believed to have been born on the 4 th day ofthe bright phase of the lunar month Bhadon; so this auspicious day is celebrated as Ganesh Chaturthi. In Purans, Ganesh is regarded as a fast scribe. 2 The first volume of Mahabharat was scribed by Ganesh. Ganesh penned down what Vyas uttered. Ganesh has four arms possessing a conch shell [f;iakh], an iron ring [cakr], a goad and a padam 3 With deep devotion, Ganesh is specially worshipped in the South. See ~ and 0J7lJ:r. 2 the Creator, who is the lord of all (d'I<!' + ~). dl<!8e~ [ganef;icakr] In the system of magical practice, different deities (gods) are represented by mystical diagrams ofdifferent shapes. The devotees worship the mystical diagram formed with flour and vermilion (redoxide) representing their deity. The hexagonal star-shaped diagram representing Ganesh Chakar is formed within a lotus having 8 or 12
'''sarsuti v<lkta karkE jug kotI gal)es ke hath lIkhE hE."
~VN.

JIgnorant people misunderstanding padam as kamal have shown lotus in the pictures of Ganesh. In fact. padam is a weapon which looks like k<Jmal. It is a club used to hit the enemy on the head. It is this weapon that Vishnu carries in his hand.

for etomology of Ganesh See <JTif 9.

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petals as shown below. I
iJT3T

1-

[gata] movement, play. "gahI na sakah gata."-guj m 5. See m F.fSE". <JTO'aT3' [gatagat] adj'dT8" - 'l1i""alO come and gone, arrived and departed. 2 circle of birth and death; transmigration of the soul. 3 See
~(d).

'dJ3ICII3t [gatagati] n passage, movement, running

about, wandering. "man ki gatagati jo jam:."
-NP.

iJTfu" [gatI] See or"! vr Skt n going around,

movement. "karpur 3 gatI bIn akal dujo kavan?"-gyan. 2 way, path. "gurparsadI mukatI gatl pae."-majh am 3.3 knowledge, education. "apnJi. gatI mltI janahu ape." -sukhmani. "gat I mukatI ghare mahI paI." -sri m 3. 'method of achieving salvation.' 4 achievement. "gur ke darsan mukatI gatI hOI."-asa ill 3. 5 liberation, salvation. "jlh sImrat gatl paie.."-s m 9. 6 rest, stability. "bhramat phIrat telak ke kapI jlu gatl blnu renI blhaihe."-gujkabir. 7 purity, sacredness. "mUla jivdla gatI hove ja SIrI paie paI).i." -vaT majh mI. ";}tar ki gatI tahi jiU."-SOT mI. 8 state, condition,. "atar ki gatI tumhi jani." -SOT m 5. "re man! kaun gatI holhe teri?" -jt:ja m 9. 9 method, technique, way, tactic. "rambhajan ki gatI nahI jani."-soT m 9. 10 combination of notes produced by a sitar (stringed musical instrument) and sound produced by the beat of a mridang (two sided drum). See i1f'3" 3. 11 interference, entry. 12 short, play. "han ki gatl nahl kou jane." -brha m 9. 13 wnclusion, result. 14 adj attained. "atargatI tirathI malI nau."-japu. 'Purify thy mind of ill-intentions by bathing in the pond of spiritual realisation', i.e. one can't achieve purification through worldly pilgrimages. iJTfu" ~ [gatI apgatI], m ~ [gatI
'which feeds itself with its trunk, elephant.

Its scriiptural mystical text in Gunmukhi script is: "ga saJrv1?aktI: kamlasnay namah." In Ganpati Kalap ofYagyvalkay Simriti, there is an instruction to worship Ganesh or other deities by marking swastik symbol

below bhadrasan. 2 Such an instruction is also found in Purans. "gaI).apah svastlke pujyah." In Guru Granth Sahib the above mentioned Ganesh Chakar is also referred to by bhagat Baini as follows: "mIl pujasI cakragaI).esa."-prabha. dl<!f.Iea [gaI).e1?c;)th] See ~. , 'dT8" [gat] adj known. 2 gained, achieved as hastgat. 3, finished, vanished. "garabgata sukh atam dhIan."-gau amI. "dukh rog bhae gat tan te."-asa m 5.4 passed, elapsed. 5 Seeatfu. 'dT8" ~ [gat avgat] See m ~. 0T3W [gatka] n three cubit long wooden stick used for giving preliminary training in macefight. Its handle is covered with leather. Two players fight with such sticks in their right hands and small shields in their left hands. P I(:p.
lTjli'r.n~1~~1Srcqi'r:rj~1

un ~rYJr ,l:it ~,~

~mijtri1mi1hodi1dhI,

t'i1raig 2.

2See~.

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avgatI], arfu~ [gatI aVIgatI] n fast and slow, up and down, holy and unholy movement; ascent and descent. "tIn ki gatI avgatI tuhe jaI).ahI."-asa chat m 3. "gatI avgatI ki sar na jaI).C"-maru solhe m 1. orfacl [gatIh] adv by achieving, by obtaining. ~ [gatIcItr] See ~ (d). cnfatffir [gatIpatI] n the Lord who bestows salvation; the Creator. 2 salvation and dignity. 3 liberation and indulgence. dIFdFs'il '(') [gatIbIvan] See ra~'(,)dln:s. <JJfufi.rfu' [gatImItI] n limit ofknowledge, extent of self-realisation. 2 knowledge and religious code. "gatImItI sabde pae."-var bIha m 3. 3 end of worldly play. "tumri gatI mItI tumhi jani."-sukhm;;mi. 0Jfu' ~ [gatI mukatI] n mode of obtaining salvation. "gatI mukatI ghare mahI pa I." -sri m 3. 2 achievement ofsalvation. "gatI mukatI kade na hovai." -mdla m 3. diFdFiije:i1I [gatIvIdya] kinematics, dynamics; science of measuring speed. Much useful information about speed oflight, sound, wind, sea-waves, frequency of heart beats, movement of foot soldiers etc is known with the help of this science. Only a person having this knowledge can lead a peaceful life. oral [gati] See 0Jf0. "lalan ravIa kavanu gati ri?" -suhi m 5. 'meditated by which method?' d1g [gatu] destroyed. See OB. "apIO pio gatu thio bharma."-jE't m 5. 2 Skt TflTI n way, path, passage. "jara maraI). gatu garab nIvare."-gdu dm1. 0J3" [g;;,te] gone. "mukh bhakh gate na pIkhE dukh dina."-NP. 2 passed, elapsed. aT3w [gattla] n piece of flesh; bone. "saroI). mas gattle."--:PP. 2 an extract, section, segment. a'f3r [gatta] n board of wood or paper fixed on a book for its protection; binding. orer [gath] See 'dTl3.

CI'I"Erel [gathai] destroyed, vanished. "sabh

kIlVIkh pap gathai. "-kdlI m 4. OJ" [gathu], o'fEr [gatth] PktTff4 n capital; principal sum. "bIn nave gathu gaIa gavae."-maru solhe m 1. 2 community, group. 3 saga, tale. 'dTe' [gad] Skt n poison, venom. 2 disease, ailment. "vIprjatImad vIdyamad hc yateadh adhIk dYE gad hE."-GPS. 3 younger brother ofKrishan. 4 statement, saying. 5 According to Vayu PUHin a demon. See ~. 6 See o'fe". 'dJ'e'aT [gad-hal n ass, donkey. "pahIn eoIna gad-ha naCE."-asa kdQir. See~. 2 Skt native physician who cures a disease. "ya gad ko gadha kya kanYE?"-CdTItr 172. "atI hasi gad-ha ko bhai."-CdTItr 68. 'Ridicule was heaped upon the physician.' 'dTe'tit [gad-hi] Skt she-ass, she-donkey. "gadhi hUIh aut-rE."--s kdbir. 'dI"i!Y [gadahu] n ass, donkey. 2 to the ass. "gadahu c;'idanI khauliE bhi sahu SIU paI).u." -var suhi m 1. iffi!'dTe' [gadgad] Skt TfCZlR n indistinct sound coming from a throat choked due to feeling of grief or joy. "gad-gad bani bhai mahani." -sdloh. CJreQ [gadar] A .1'; n disloyality. 2 disturbance. 3 disorder. 4 rebellion, revolt. 5 See ~

(l'JBQ.

adjrebellious, mutinous. 2 not fully ripe. See o'feQ. "kaci gadri pak khari hE."-GPS. 'dfeT [gada] Skt n mace. See~. "garibi gada hamari."-sor m 5. See~. 2 P f/ beggar. ~ [gadai] P n beggary, act of begging. aJt!1'lJ'6" [gadasur] a demon named Gad. See~. ~ [gadahav] mace-fight. "jEse gadahav ki VIdhI hc"-krIsdn. iJre1tI"a' [gadadharl n Vishnu who bears a mace. The Kaumodki mace possessed by him is famous. According to Vayu Puran, a glorious ruler named Hetiraksh became invincible after

~ [gadri]

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being blessed with a boon from Brahma. Distressed at his oppression, the deities approached Vishnu for help. Vishnu told them that he would kill Hetiraksh only if they provided him (Vishnu) with a very hard weapon. The gods prepared a weapon from stone-like hard bones of Gadasur and offered it to Vishnu, with which Hetiraksh was killed. Thus Vishnu is also known as Gadadhar for having :this weapon (mace). CJI'eTli'Q' [gadayuddh] See ~. CII'fu3' [gadIt] adj stated, said. 2 n statement, saymg. art!t [gadi] adj mace bearer. who owns mace. 2 patient suffering from a disease caltt~d ,; gad'. 3 n Pavan, the god who bears a mace. -s~mama. 4 Bhimsain. 5 Duryodhan.-scmama. 6 Vishnu. 7 Hanuman. 8 See oTeT. aJ'it!' [gadud] A "'~ n plural of :qf~. glands, swellings, boils. "malenyan me tho bac;lo gadud.'''-PPP. i.e. prick in the heart. ~ [gadela] n mattress stuffed with cottonwool used for spreading on the bed. al1: [gadd] onom sound produced from the falling of a heavy object. 2 short for gav di hadd; pillar, mound, boundary point. "sElpati dohan me lagyo guru ko gadd."-GPS. 3 mace,club. "suDe gadd sadd~."-VN. 'heard sounds the mace produced.' 4 See Ol't:.il'. ~ [gaddar] adj half-ripe. aTt!r [gadda] See ~. [gaddi] n cushion. 2 throne of a king. 3 seat of a priest. 4 a Brahmin subcaste living in hilly areas; tmtitled to wear the sacred thread as a mark of initiation. Its name is mentioned as Gadhila in Gurpartap Surya. 5 a low caste that rears sheep, asses etc and is nomadic. ~ ![gaddial] a village under police station Nurpur in district Hoshiarpur, situated thirteen miles east of Garh Shankar railway station.

Guru Gobind Singh stayed here for some time after conquering Khera Kalmot. There is structure to the west close to this village. aTtft(')f.fI(') [gadiml1in] adj enthroned, crowned. 2 n ruler. 3 head of a religious place. 'dffi" [gaddo] n donkey, ass; name of a sheeprearing hill tribe. ~ [gady] adj describable, mentionable. 2 n prose. 'dTQT [gadha] n donkey, ass. 2 foolish, stupid, idiotic. 'dItit ;fUlit [gadhi cGghDi] xa v smoke a pipe; give out smoke while inhaling tobacco. 'dTi'l' [gan] See CI'R:. 2 counting, reckoning. "e av gem kat jahi?"-gau kabir. 3 See o'i7>. llI'i"i"a' [gamk] See ~. 2 See ~ and ~. "pan sua ganak udhare."-n<Jt <J m 4. d'J'i'iaT [ganaka] Skt ~ n prostitute, harlot, dancing girl. See ~. We find reference to two ganikas in Gurbani. One night, a crippled woman, who lived in the capital city of king Janak, did not find anyone to satiate her lust. After midnight had passed she felt disturbed and penitent feeling that if she had expressed so much love and attachment for the Almighty, she would have lived a peaceful and pious life. She immediately decided to shun all evil deeds and devote herself to the Almighty. She lived a pious life thereafter. Dattatrey adopted this ganika as his mentor. "ajamalu pIgula lubhatu kucaru gae han kE pasI. "-keda r<Jvidas. There was another ganIka, who was given a parrot by a monk in order to practise meditation. She became pious after busying herselfin meditation. "ganIka udhrihan kah tot."-b<Jsat <J m 5. "jIh SImrat ganka si udhri."-sor m 9. See Cl'Tf'r>w. aT'(')qTl.pf'dft [gankaprasagi] one who visits harlots; he who relishes the company of whores.

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laj ko na leI',' rahE ghar me kale$ rahE chal ko prave~ rahE murh matI bh~gi ko, kul ko na moh rahE yam so vIchoh rahE paras ki toh rahE ya ras um~gi ko, sac so na mel rahE jhuth so jhamel rahE har na hamel rahE uddhat-an~gi ko, saji nIt sej rahE dhan ka na hej rahE tan ka na tej rahE gankapras~gi ko. dloa''i1';$' [gankavara] red light area; brothel; centre of prostitution. "gankavare jaI khalota."-BG. ~ [gana!)], ~ [gana!)u] See OJ"<"!(') and 0'f<!?iT. "gana!) na jai kim na paI."-ram m 5. "te dukhia mahI gan!)e."-sor m 5. arofi.ro [ganmIn] See orfofiffo. iJIOW [ganla] See 'dfow. orfo [gam] having counted. See orfofiffo. iITfoar [ganIka] See orf<!aT and omqr. "tarile ganIka bInrup kubIja."-gaunamdev. orfo ft..rfo [ganI mInI] adv contemplating thoroughly; assessing fully. "g;mI mInI dekhahu manE mahI sarpar calno log."-bavan. 'dTi'IT [gani] may I count. "tab b~dh mukatI kahu kIS kau gani?"-Bukhmani. "VICI vartE nanak apI jhuth kahu kIa gani?"-tr]{}g m 4. 2 A j rich, wealthy. "uha gani b;:JsahI mamur."-gau raVldas."jInI tu dhIaIa se g;mi."-bas{}t m 5. 3 one of the 99 or 100 names defining God in Koran. "karima rahima alah til gani." -tr]{}g namdev. ~ [gania] (I) am counted among; am included among. "namI jISE ke ujli tISU dasi gania."-asa m 5.2 calculator. :aTi'fu:Ii [Ganixa] Ut;,(j a Pathan, resident of Macchiwara, who was the elder brother of Nabikhan. The two brothers remained in the service of Guru Gobind Singh. When the Guru came to Machhiwara from Chamkaur, they presented themselves before him with full devotion. Carrying his bedstead, they went

with him upto village Hehar. While sending them back from this place the Guru presented an edict to them. The edict reads: "Ganikhan and Nabikhan are dearer to me than my sons." Their immediate descendants get fixed grants by Sikh States and devout Sikhs pay regards to them. :aro1H' [Ganim] A ~ n plunderer, decoit. 2 foe, enemy. :cJI"i'ftl.I3' [Ganimat] A ~ booty, plunder; wealth acquired without any hard labour. iII'i'fui~ fJ:ra'R3' [ganimul sIksatE] -japu. who defeats the foes; who destroys the enemies. ~ fl:fa'r;:r ~ [Ganimul xuaj hE] -japu. 'He who realises revenue from the enemies. i.e. brings them under subjection (control).' ~ [Ganimulgudaz] P )l.JJI~ adj He who destroys the enemies. ~ [ganiv] adj worthy, honourable mentionable. "sadiv ganiv suhavne."-bavan. 2 rich, wealthy. See OT?ir2. 3 See~. "ganiv teri sIphatI, sace patsah!"-bher m 5. 'dTCffi' [ganes] See CJTDr. CIT?rnfu [ganesahI] to Ganesh. "mE na g;mesahI prItham manau."-krrsan. lIIi'f.if [gany] Skt Tf1ITr adj worthy of count, worthcounting. CJIt( [gap1 See oRr. ~ [gapak!)a], QTl..ICf<'iT [gapakna] v swallow. 2 eat (up) completely. CJTfuw [gapIya], 0Rftnfr [gapia] gossipmonger, garrulous. 2 talkative, chatterer. "gapE bhIt gapIyahI nIharyo."-carrtr 39. 'dJi1;p [gapJra] false utterance; blatant lie. ~ [gapJru] adj garrulous, talkative. 2 false, untruthful. oTtr [gapp1n Pkt ~ fiction, false report, rumollf, cock and bull story. 2 P J tale, talk. 3 boasting. CI'Te' [gaph] A ....;f adjthick, compact, seamless. In fact this terms stands for a cloth with two

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C1TH

layers stitched together. the headiness of wealth. 2 Viscount Hough Gough. He was son of iJT!' [gabh] Skt n female genital, vagina. 2 short George Gough and was born in 1779 in Ireland. for garabh; conception. See~. He joined the British Army in 1794 and ~ [gabhal).], (J["1'fu' [gabhal).I] Skt'il'T&it adj pregnant. "rna gabhal). jia jal).di."--BG. because of his intelligence got promotion up to the rank of commander-in-chief of the ~ [gabhru] ~~ - 2. n one who is proud of his good looks; young, fresh. "kn gabhru kIa Indian aImy in 1843 AD. He showed his valour in the famous Sikh battles of Mudki, bIradh hE."-var sor m 3. Firozshaher and Sabraon in 1845-46AD. When ~ [gabhirl, oT!31g [gabhiru] Skt 1T'l-i'\"{ adj the British army sustained heavy losse:s in the serious; profound; fathomless. "gurmatI final Anglo-Sikh battle ofChillianwala in 1848gabhir." -savEye m 5 ke. "gul).gabhir gUl).49, Sir Charles Napier was ordered to replace naIka."-brla ill 5. "satIguru gahIrgabhiru hE."-sri m 5.2 ulcer in the nerve or the bone; Gough. However Gough won the Gujarat battle prior to the arrival of Sir Napier and thus gangrene. It is a deep rooted boil caused by removed the stigma of his earlier defeat. impurities and infections which develop in the His services were well recognised by the blood. One must take blood-purifying government and he was given pension worth medicines to cure such an ulcer. Expert four thousand pounds. He died in 1869 AD. physicians must be consulted for its treatment. ~ [GaHat] A J n mistake, ornission. The following me:dicine has proved beneficial 2 negligence, carelessness, inadvertence. in this regard. "gaphlat karoge to khavoge mar."-nasihat. Take equal amount of the following ilJ6T [gapha] n substantial share, wealth. ingredients, crush them into fine powder and 2 profit. 3 morsel, bite, mouthful. "dEt karE sabh take four mashas ofthis powder daily with fresh ek gapha."-krTsan. water: dorsel, ophelia chirreitta, five parts of ~ [Gafur] A .I';';' adj pardoner, forgiver. 2 n margosa tree l , emlblic myrobalan, bhagra, '8"a"ffi the Creator; the Almighty. [babci}, chebulic myrobalan, belleric a\W [gapphal See (l'"[GT. myrobalan, physalius flexussaital, punr<'lnva, :aTifIQ [Gaffar] A .ltV adj who pardons; who sabhalu, devadaru, galoI, fdrayal)., muqi, forgives . 2 n the Creator, the Transcendent suhajl).a and palasbij. One. "E khalIka gapphar."-saloh. Oil extractedfJ'om the following ingredients :omo [Gaban] A (:If n loss in purchase, loss in is useful when applied, on the affected part. Oil extracted by trickling through cow's business. 2 embezzlement. 3 committing a ghee, a mixture of masri lentil (ervum lens) fraud. iJT8'ij' [gabar] A .J' adj passer-by, who goes and camphor taken in equal measures should closeby. 2 enmity, opposition, jealousy. 3 P / be applied on the wound twice a day. worshipper of fire, devotee of fire. em-r [gam] Skt TJl1. vr go, meet, imitate, leave, :amt [Gabi] A j: adj half-wit, unintelligent, idiotic. unite. 2 n way, rmth, passage. 3 movement. OJ'' [gabu]1 Skt~' n arrogance, vanity. "eta gabu "mam dIS te Ie gamahu upayan."-GPS. 4 See akaSI na mavat."~savEye sri mukhvak ill 5. 0IlfJf. 5 A sadness, agony, sorrow. 6 worry, oTs'a' [gabbar] adj arrogant, vain. 2 vain with lroot, bark, leaves, flower and fruit.

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anxiety. "sasna te balak gam na karE."-bher m 5. 7 See 0Ili. iIIH'a' [gamak] Skt n reason, cause. 2 adj who understands. 3 who explains. 4 n in musicology, deep tone, shake or trill; grace note. There are seven types of this according to Sangeet Damodar : kampIt, suphnt, [lin], bhIn, sthIvar, ahat, adolIt. According to Sangeetsar, there are fifteen types of this. 5 sombre tune, deep sound. 0llflfI'a' [gamkhar], OTJ-fl:fo [gamkhor], :arH'lf1O [camxvar] P adjtolerant. 2 sympathetic. :aJHaflo [camgin] P adjanxious, concerned. 2 sorrowful. 'ilTlft.Tij' [camzah] A ~J n wink, indication, gesture. iI1}[3T [gamta] See OJHJ!3T. "as nahI gamta moran karni."-NP. 'We do not have the temerity to disobey.' iJlHi') [gaman] Skt n going, journeying, travelling. 0Jli7i10JH0 [gamnagaman] coming and going. i.e. birth and death. 2 dying and being born. 'ijJ}fij' [gamar], 0THg [gamaru] A /' adj brave, valiant. 2 generous. 3 rising of water level. 4 n elderliness, respectability, worthiness. "jakE kamI tera vac;lu gamaru."-gau a m 5. 5 See

CIJl-r.l' [gamy] Skt adj capable ofgoing, reachable.

2 achievable, attainable. 3 provable.

mo

.II?

J1

QJ1-Rf.

[gamla] n flowerpot in the shape of a mortar, for planting flowers. 2 ambit ofa plant. ~ [gamaUl).a] v lose. iJIH'OIH [gamagam] Skt n going and coming. 2 world; universe. 3 See Cl'IfuwoTfuH. "cadan, sugadhI gamagamhE."-BG. CIJHTaT [gamara] cereal harvested in autumn, used as fodder for cattle. Its grains are fed to milch animals and oxen. If its crop is ploughed and buried in the soil while standing, it serves as green manure for wheat etc. :arHt [Gami] P n state of grief. 0Tli [gamu] S n grief, sadness. See cm-r.
tI'Il-f'5T

[gamyata] Skt n approach. 2 capacity, capability. ~~ [gamyotprek$a] See ~w (b). 'iITtil' [gay] n pus, suppuration. 2 Skt abode. 3 sky. 4 breath. 5 wealth. 6 son. 7 In Mahabharat, the son of royal sage Amoortaray, whose altar is in Gaya. 8 In Vayu Puran a demon, who was very pious. Thus goes his tale: Gayasur practised meditation with such devotion that Brahma and Vishnu were pleased with him and went to bestow blessings upon him. Gay asked for this boon: "He, who has a glimpse of me, should get a place in heaven". Vishnu acceded to his request. Gayasur started wandering on the earth day and night so that people could see his huge body (125 yojan long and 60 yojan wide) from far off places and become entitled to enter into heaven. Virtually the task of Dharam Raj came to a stand and he narrated his woes to Brahma and Vishnu. On this, the deities asked Gay to offer them his body in charity. He generously acceded to their request. The deities buried his body under a stony rock and blessed Gay with a boon. According to his wish, whosoever offered PIg (balls of cooked rice), he alongwith with his ancestors, would be entitled to a place in heaven. This place of Gay's burial is named as Gaya. See orw. 9 Pkt elephant. ~ [gayau] went away, vanished. "gayau dukh durI."-saveye m 4 ke. 0ItiIi'l't [gayni] n army of elephants. orw [gaya] Skt none ofthe seven sacred pilgrim centres ofHindus, situated on the bank of river Phalgoo near Patna in Bihar. Hindus offer PIg (balls ofcooked rice) here for the salvation of their ancestors. Guru Nanak Dev also visited this place to preach his doctrine about the
0J}UI'3I'

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Eternal One. The hymn "diva mera ek namu" in RagAsa was uttered at this holy place. Guru Teg Bahadur also visited this sacred place. See 011iT 7 and 8. ilJliITR" [gcryas] A 'f'oJorrFr n help, assistance. 2 call for help. 3 appeal for justice. 011ifTlf& [gayasuddin] Gyasuddin; provider of religion. OJ'lil'T!ftfto'~ [gayasuddin tuclak] See ~
tT~1w~.
'ilJtiI'I'JJij'
~

[gayasur] See [gayarav] See

'(J'J1:if

8.

'iJI'lil'1fa" [gayatI], CTW3T [gayati] See or.nrFo.

~.

Ollie' [g2Iyad] a Bhatt, whose composition is

included in savEye by Bhatts. "taj bIkanJ man gayad."-savEyem 4 ke. 2 a type ofa couplet. See -e-&.r tT~ 10. 3 chief elephant, supreme elephant. OIQ [gar] n neck, throat. "kal phasI jab gar mE meli."-maru m 9. "suami gar mIle."-sar m 5 partal. 2 decaying, decomposing, melting. "gar SEll gai jImI atap ora."-saloh. 3 SkI' poison, venom. "gar k;3th vasaL "-salol!. 'Shiv swallowed poison and stored it in his throat.' 4 P .I suilwhen suffixed it gives the meaning of a doer, performer. as in karigar, s:Jdagar, bazigal' etc. 5 P part short for agar; if. "tura gar nazar hast la$kar va zar. "-jafar. 0RfRi'iT [garasna] Skt OJRO n swallowing. 2 grip; grasp; capture. 0ffiU [garah] See O]<J. "garah nIvare satIguru de apI~a nau."-asa m 5. "pap g,Hah dUI rahu."--var majh m Q1"6'mf [garhar] remover of poison, nectar. 2 Dg sound produced by a kettledrum, orafu [garahI] around the neck. "jo jo karam kie lalac SIU te plan garahI pano."-gau kabir. 2 See O]<J. 3 See fdru. ~ [Garak] A Jj n drowning, sinking. 2 adj drowned, sunk. 3 engrossed. "garak hon ChI tI

chIdra TId pai."--GPS. 4 destroyed; ruined. "hovege garak kuch lagE na bar."-nasihat. ~ 'Ij [Garkah xu] P rJjjj adj profusely bleeding, soaked in blood. ~ [Garkab] P "';-'uj n deep water, drowning water. 2 adj drowned. 3 absorbed, engrossed. CJRJCto't [garkathi] one who stores poison in his throat; Neelkanth, Shiv. 0RlCIT [garag] SktwT an ancient sage, son ofVittath, regarded as a scholar of astrology. Per Purans, he got his education from Sheshnaag. He was the family mentor of Yadavs. Vasudev sent him to Nand's house iin order to perform the naming ceremonies of Balram and Krishan. "vasudev tab garag ko nIkat su kahi bathaI. gokal nadahI ke bhavan knpa karo tum jaI."-krIsan. CIRltr [garaj] See 0Rfi1<'i". 2 A J j purpose, motive. 3 wish, desire. 41 necessity, need. "6RJRO [garjan] Skt il"11'fo n roar of a lion; thunder of a cloud. "bolE p<lvna gagan garjE."-srdh gosatr . ~ [garajmad] P pJj adj selfish, selfseeking. 2 needy. 3 selfish. dldHiftfUf [g<lrjasfgh] See ~. CJRJfi:r3" [garjIt] adj roaring. 0RJtit [garji] adj needy, wanting. "<lrji SIkh ki ravar marji. mE garji Ik seva garji."-GPS. 'dfd'OT [gartha], CJTOc5" [garthe] Skt 0]i'Er3' adj was killed. 2 was buried. 3 Skt engrossed. "jamkalI g<lrthe k<lr<lhI pukara."-majh am 3. 'dTd'3" [gar<lt] Skt lTcf n pit, ditch. "g<lr<lt parat gahIlehu aguria." -gau m 5. "gar<lt ghor adh te kaq.hahu nanaJk n<ldarI nIhar."-kan m 5. 2 Sec 0fT03". "s<lbh mE g<lrat k<lr dItte hEll." -JSBM. 3 See 'CJl<?3". 'dRfe' [g<lrad] Skt adj who gives poison. 2 Skt fierce, harsh. 3 P >.1 n grit, dust, dust storm. 4 profit, benefit. 5 pleasure. 'dTa'e'f.r [g<lrd<l$] See i'!RlfeF.r. ~ [gard<ln] P t,;}>.1 n nape.

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lfT67)T [gard;m marna] v chop off a vagu lahe pet."-gau m 5. "gardhab pritI criminal's head with asword. In ancient times bhasam S;'}gI hOI."-sukhmani. "kuk;:lr sukar in stead of hanging, this punishment was gardhabh pavahI garabhjoni."-guj m 4. prevalent. "kam krodh IE gardanmare."-maru ORJOT [garna] v swallow. See fcJ.r vr. 2 rot, decay. solhem 1. 3 n a tree. See ORJOT wfua". ~ [gardani] n an ornament worn by women CITd"i')T 'R'T'fu1r [garna sahIb] a gurdwara in round their neck. 2 collar (of a shirt). 3 cloth memory of Guru Hargobind, raised about two put on the saddle ofa horse in order to protect furlongs to the west of village Bodal falling it from dust. 4 P adjfit to be killed by chopping' under police station Dasuha in district off the head. See ~ 1-fTO?iT. Hoshiarpur. There was a dense jungle (forest) oreetf [gardap] See ~. when the Guru came here for hunting and took ~ [gardabh] Skt ~ n an expletive used rest under this Garna tree for a short while. for men; ass. The Guru sent for a mIrasi called Chuharh ~ [gardabhi] n feminine ofgardabh; jennet. and advised him to recite hymns. The Guru See d'Rlt:9. handed a rabab to him, which is now preserved at the dera ofSat Kartarias in Sri Hargobindpur. ~ [gardan] P eJlJ.I n circumference, circumambulation, round. 2 In grammar, a An elegant gurdwara has been built here. process of changing the class of a word by First of all, the construction of the gurdwara suffixation or prefixation. 3 Skt act of giving was started by Sardar Jodh Singh, chief of pOlson. Ramgarhia misl. The garna tree of the Guru's arefeF.r [gardI~] P JJ) n revolution, circular time still exists in the periphery of the movement. 2 change of state with time. gurdwara. Land measuring about thirteen ghumaons ilT6t!t [gardi] P UJ) may you wander, you wander, you will wander. has been attached with the shrine from the dlae1ei'l [gardidan] P eJ-:J) v wander, roam period of the Sikh kingdom and ten kanals of about. 2 n change, transformation. "jug-gardi land was donated by Mai Prem KauL There jab hovhe."-BG. are some rooms for pilgrims in the gurdwara ~ [gardidam] P (-:J) I wandered, I complex, where free community kitchen is also roamed about. run for all visiting this holy place. The religious congregations are held on ~ [gardu] P I,)JJ) n wheel, cycle. 2 sky. "bajI sametuq.yo gardu mahf."-saloh. Baisakhi and Maghi days. The gurdwara is ~ [garducar] n arrow, that wanders in situated one mile to the south-east of Garna the sky. 2 bird. 3 cloud. Sahib railway station. 'dRlfu:r [gardej] territory between India and Gazni. iJI'd'S" [garab] or ~ [garabu] Skt rrcf n arrogance, dlaeH1tl'd! [gardejacari], ~ [gardeji] living pride. "kabir garabu mkiji."-s. 2 disobedience. "ona ah;'}kar bahu garabu vadhaIa."-var guj m and moving about in Gardej; resident ofGardej. 3. "jItu haumE garab nIvari."-sor m 5. 2 Gardeji is also a subcaste ofHussaini Sayads, who are also called Baghdadis. 3 impulsive mood or idea. See ~. 4 A ,-:"j QTd'tl'l.( [gardhap], ~ [gardhab], ~ direction in which the sun sets; west. [gardhabh] ass, donkey. See ~. "gardhap 'dTd"afi:r [garabasI] feels proud of. "kaha mr

CII"ffi:i'i"

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garabasI thori bat."~sar kabir. 2 will feel proud of. <lTiJ8'JI})fT [garabsua] n ego. 2 arrogance and jealousy. "Saral).I parIo tajI garabsua."~gdu ill 5. imI1rn' [gardbah], ~ [garabahI] feels arrogant, feels proud of. dlearnaie [garabgubar] n unbound arrogance. 2 adj over weaning vanity. ~ [garabguman] n thought ofarrogance, idea of vanity. See ~. dleadlHi'll [garabgajni] an annotation of Japuji written by poet Bhai Santokh Singh, in which figurative expressions of poetry are explained. Bhai Sahib writes: "udq;f gh baeJ bhup bahadar, kavI bulaI rakhIo eJhIg sadar. sri gra thsahI b gurubani, sarav SHomal).I japji jan:l. arath gabhir mahan mahane, as lakhI kaVI s6 vaean bakhane,alakar yut tika raeIye, num: arath dharahu matI khaCIyl.'. The year of completion of this annotation is written as: '.:,samat ras basu basu rasa eet didni duj." It means the 2 nd day of lunar month's bright phase in Chet Sammat 1886 Bikrami. dleaFi')<Pda [garabnIvaral).], om<r1:[<:JT"ij"T [garabprahari] adj destroyer of the ego. "garabnIVaral). sarabsadharal). kIehu kimatI kahi na jai he."-maru solhe m 5. aTe'8'd' [gatb<lr] See~. dleaiii!d9 [garabvati] adj arrogant (lady). "garabvati ka nahi thau. "-bdSJt rdvrdas. dleaim [garbai] feels proud of. 2 with arrogance. "garbE garbai."-var sar ill 4. 3 n honour, eminence, prominence. iJRffu [garabIJ, 0Rf8T [garbiJ, ~ [garbila] adj arrogant, egoist. Ol'd'' [garabu] See 'OI'Oa'.

~ [garbel).] (third declension); with arrogance,

with vanity. "garbel).agyalll).o."-gatha.

iJRIt [garbEl behaves arrogantly. "jo garb!.' so

paesi pIare."~sor ill 4. [garbhl Skt IT'4 A ~ pregancy. A small egg (foetus) develops in woman's womb due to the union of spermatozoon and ovum that grows into the shape of a child within the membrane and takes birth during eight to ten days of the tenth month of conception. One finds detailed description ofconception and development offoetus in the sixth chapter of Garurh Puran. According to the 49 th slok in the third chapter ofManusimriti, a male baby takes birth if semen is in excess, while domination of ovum results in the birth of a female baby. Ifthe two are in equal proportion, a eunuch is born. l 2 womb. 3 child, baby. 4 grains. 51fire. 6 middle ofa river etc. 7 secret place. ~ [garabll-aganI] n eagerness of the uterus. "garabh aganI mahI jInahI ubarIa."
0RJ"!f
~sukhmdni

dle!'3/jiiii!

[garabhsrav], 0RJ"!fft:ra'<!r [garabh hUl).a] foeticide, abortion. There are many reasons for abortion, but the main ones lie in: parents suffering from some serious disease, sudden hearing of some shocking news, getting frightened, getting injured on falling down, remaining hungry and thirsty for a long period, climbing stairs, suffering from dysentery, expansion of the orifice of uterus, excessive travelling, taking hot and scorching foods, jumping, s~:xual indulgence during pregnancy and suffering from leucorrhoea, etc. Its treatment is as under: (1) The woman should avoid marital relationship for fiifteen months and she should not have intercourse on becoming pregnant.

IPresent day scholars don't concur with this.

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(2) She must take easily digestible diet dlai3Ij'~. during pregnancy and should avoid taking ~ [garabhvati] pregnant, expecting a baby. heavy diet. dlai!J'ilIA [garabhvas] n stay within the womb; (3) She must take Banarasi gooseberrystage of being in the womb. "garabhvas mahI jam coated with silver foil. kul nahI jati."-gau kdbir. (4) She should take sherbet ofpomegranate ~ [garabhasl Skt arrfrF.rr:;r n uterus, womb. ilRl"i!J'Tfi:r [garbhasI] in the womb. "hukamI paIa or sandalwood-husk. garbhasI. "--sri m 1 pahrre. "phIr garbhasI (5) She should grind the mixture of the following in equal amount (by weight) and na parIa re."-sri m 5. make small doses of two mashas each, then dliji!JiQI(j [garbhadhanl Skt 1f'>-TftWf n having take one such dose in the morning and one in conception, being pregnant. the evening with cow's milk. .. : husk of white 'dTd'&' [garabhI] within the womb. "garabhI nahi bas;:lt."-ram m 5. sandalwood, lotus nut, cardamom, v;:lslocan, lodhpathani, dried goosebery, tragacanth (a ~ [garbhIl).il Skt ~ adj pregnant; on medicinal gum), satavar, water chestnut, the family way. powder ofliquorice, curcuma reclinata mocras, ~ [garbhIt] adjhaving pregnancy. 2 filled up, packed, e.g. "Ih vaky sargarbhIt hE." essence of seeds of fleawort (L plantago ispagula) plant, lump sugar, iron-oxide -provo (hydrous). The use ofthis medicine should be Offi)f [garam] P (J adj hot, warm. See URm. 2 Skt ~, heavy, weighty. "kIte baram pE discontinued after five months of pregnancy. carClm rup garam jharE."-CClrI tr 91. "kai janam garabh hUI khana."-gClu m 5. See 'dTd'W [garmal n musk melon of Balochistan, ~ and CJRml.IT3". which is sweeter than that of the common ~G [garabhkutl, ~~ [garabhku<;ll n variety. 2 summer season. 3 See "dl'fuw. uterus; womb. "garabhkut mahI uradh tap karte."-bavCln. ~ [garmail n hotness, heat, warmth. ~~ [garabhku<;lal] n circumference of the ~ [garmIta] Skt 1fft1:rT n heaviness, largeness. 2 a type of spiritual and miraculous uterus, womb. "re nar, garabhkG<;lal jab power. Seenrnzfl:rfu. 3 elderliness, importance. achat."-sri beJ)i. dRli!JHF(') [garabhjonI] impregnation and growth "kharag ramyatanu garmIta s:f ghnad ghamsan. 1 p;:lC baran ko gun lIyo Ih bhupatI of foetus in the womb; heat and moisture. balvan."-krIscm. The name kharag SIgh [kha2 growth of foetus; stay in the womb during pregnancy. "so naru garabhjonI nahi avE." ra-ga-sf-ghl is an acronym from the first characters of these five words. -asa d m 1. 'dRI"i!Jit [garabhl).i] See ~. 'iIRI'Ht [garmil See ORJHTET. 2 summer season. dlai!Ji(j [garabhdan] n anonymous gift; gift iJTij"ijT [gar-ral See <JRST. 2 n Satluj. offered by hiding it in white gourd etc. "sona iJTdOiG [gar-rat] n rumbling sound. 'dRI"l'r [garal] Skt n life-destroying; poison, garabhdan dijE."-ram namdev. 'kh<Jf<Jg (sword), r<Jffiy<Jt<Jnu (beauty of the body) ~ [garabhpat] n miscarriage after four months of pregnancy; it is called abortion if g<JrffiIta (respectability), sfghnad (roar like that of a foetus is of more than four months old. See lion) gh<Jffisan (pitched battle).

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venom. "garal nas tanI nathyo amIU ~)targatI pio."--savye ill 2 ke. iJRIm:Rr [garaldhar] Skt n Shiv-who absorbed. poison. 2 snake, serpent. 3 poisonous creature. ~ [garav] See 0Rf8". ara;r [garar] See ~. ~ [garardhvaj] See ~. 'iffi3aT [gar raJ adj spotted, multicoloun::d like a blue jay. 2 See ~. 0RfT [gara] n throat. "an aphim gam tJ:h gaha." -cantr 331. "gayo gara bhar gadgad bani." -GPs. 2 mountain pass, valley. 3 adj rotten, decomposed. omt [gara] n village. "gara or kahI y5 gai." -cantr 13. 2 See faW. aTaTR' [garas] Skt <lJ'Ff n morsel, bite. 2 grip, hold, sense of holding. ifRITij" [garah] n morsel, bite. 2 Skt water animal like a crocodile; panther. "gaj garah te ehuta." --sor ill 9. 3 prisoner, detainee. 4 grip of a weapon. 5 adjwho holds. iJRITtI' [garap], CfTOTG [garaph], 0J0T<r [garab] E grapeshot; shot in the shape of a grapt:; pellet. "top garaph sath bahu dabhE."-PP. 'Many are wounded with gunshots. ' CJrelH [garam] Skt OJ'H n village. 2 See ClJ'H". ~ [garamno] Skt~adjgoing, moving, carrying. "guru bohI th pargramno."-gau 111 5. 'Guru isjust like a ship that certainly leads to salvation.' There is no fear of sinking midway. :aRJTa'(J [Gararahl, 0RlW [garara] P DJlj This term figures as GarGarah in Arabic; gargle; process ofproducing a bubbling sound by taking water in the mouth. E gurgle; gargle. 2 loose-fitting trousers. ~ [garav] Skt n village. 2 See oRNr. 3 Skt 1JICFl, stone, rock. "katIo badh garavau"-asa 111 5. 'demolished the dyke i.e. removed ignorance.' arfu [garI] adv by rotting, by melting. "ora garI pani bhaIa."--s kabir. 2 within the: throat,

around the ueck.

arfamr [garIsat] See fa.p=r::r.

orfuJr [garIst] Sktorfu"F]; adjvery heavy, weighty.

2 highly, respectable. "gusai garIf?t rupel).."sahCJs 111 5.3 n a mighty demon in Mahabharat. ~ [garfda] P adj adopting, holding. 2 burying (the enemy), laying to the ground. "ganiman garf d a. " -CJkal. ~ [garIfat] P n grip, hold.

D-t;!

.,;;;,J

dlfaii:dC'l [garIftan] P ~J v grip, hold, capture. orfuw [garIma] See 0J0fJ-r3T and fFIC fRfu. aRft [gari] adj rotten, decomposed, decayed.

"kahu gari godri nahi."-asa kabir. 2 n nut, kernel. "badaman gari samai. "-GPS. 3 coconut kernel. "gari ehuhare khadia."-asa a 111 1. 4 street, lane. "khelat kDj garin ke bie." -krIsan. "gari bajar bIlokat ae."-GPS. "bhramat lakh garia. "-kan 111 5. iITela" [ganb] or [garibu] A ":,,,j adj traveller, wayfarer, stranger. 2 destitute, indigent. 3 humble, meek. 4 incapable. "nanak garibu q.hahI paIa duare."-suhi a 1114. dld'laelR [garibdas], dld'lalmnfT [garibdasia] Garib Das was born in Sammat 1774 in a family of Dhankhare J atts in village Chhudani of Delhi. He spent early years of his life as a married man and became father of four sons and two daughters. He was so influenced by the company of mendicants of the Dadoo sect that he renounced his family and joined their ranks. He was widely respected because of his pious deeds. Whatever he wrote is full of devotion to, and praise of, God. Garib Das breathed his last in Sammat 1825. The followers of this sect are popularly known as Garib Dasias. Garib Dasias greet each other by saying Sat Sahib; hence they are also called Sat Sahibis also.

orom

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0Rftaf0wtr [garibmmajJ, .dldlafMit.J [caribmvaz]

P ;lJ,-;-,:-} adjkind to the poor, helping the poor.

"garibnIvaj gusaia mera. "-maru ravIdas. ~ [caribparvar] P .1,{,-;-,:-} sustainer of the poor. 0Rfmr0 [gariban] See fdldl~'i'i. ~ [garibanol adjindigent, benign, humble. "ekmahalI garIbano."-gaum5. CJRftat [garibi] n poverty, indigence. 2 gentleness, humility. "garibi gada hamari."-sor m 5. ~ [garibu] See 'arata. ~ [caribulparast] P adj sustainer of the poor. "garibulparastE."-japu. CJRfu;r [gariy], ~ [gariyas], ~ [gariyan] Skt~adjvery heavy, massive. 2 dignified respectable. ~ [garivah] P ~t..f n mound, hillock, heap. 2 cord, string. ~ IDfTi') [garive kaman] P n bowstring. See
~.

thought that it was not fair and realised his mistake as it amounted to insulting Lord Vishnu. Garurh requested Vishnu to ask for any boon from him. Vishnu wished Garurh to become his vehicle. Now there was a dilemma that both of them were to remain beneath each other. After a long discussion it was decided that Garurh would remain on the standard (flag) of Vishnu, thus he would be above Vishnu as well as remain his vehicular carrier. "garur care ae gopal."-bht.T namdev. 2 See
d'Ig'".

OT2))fllft [garuai] n heaviness, weightiness,

massiveness. 2 elderliness. [garut] Skt n that which produces sound in the sky-feather; bird's wing. ~ [garutmat] that which has wings-bird. 2 blue jay, a large heron. ~ [garur] See ~. "garur gamr tajyo baz sabh baz ae."-kavI 52. OT2~ [garuv], OT2T [garuva] adj majestic, eminent. "bakhsE mE ju garuv apradhu." -NP. ~ [garur] Skt ~ n son of Kashyap born from the womb of Vinta. It is the carrier of Vishnu (Vishnu's vehicle) and is lord of the birds. The lower halfof its body is of bird and the upper half of man. According to a tale in Mahabharat, when Garurh brought nectar from the heaven after conquering the deities, Vishnu was delighted and granted him a boon. Garurh wished that he should always be above Vishnu. Vishnu gladly agreed to it. But Garurh then
OT[O

[garurgaga] a rivulet on way to Badri Narayan. It is believed by Hindus that keeping a stone brought from this rivulet in the house rids one of the fear of a snakebite. dlgS~dllij [garurdugar] Skt JIi;iSI<;lC!{ n a herb used for curing a snakebite. This herb is believed to have been produced from the burp of the blue jay. ~ [garurdhuj], ~ [garurdhvaj] Vishnu, whose standard bears the image of Garurh.
dlgSdYdl'
See~.
~

0J"g';:jT

[garurpurat:\] See lJ"i3"'e. [garura] Skt ~. cooked rice. "garura khat:\a dudh SIU gaqI."-basJt m 1. 2 S adj soft; which melts easily. "bhar atharahI meva hOVE garura hOVE suau."-var majh m 1. See

~8.

[garurasan] VishrlU, whose seat is on the back ofthe blue jay. 2 a sitting posture in yog. ~ [garurari], ~ [garuriJ Skt ~ one who has knowledge of Garurh Mantar. 2 one who cures a snakebite. 3 medicine to cure the effect of snake venom. "gurmatr mukhI garurari."-sar m 5. 'Chanting Guru's words relieves one of the dreadful effect of poison. ' ~ [garurul Skt ~ whose god is garurh (blue jay); a magical formula, chanting of which relieves one of the dreadful effect of
dlgS'Ri'l

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snake venom. 2 medicine to cure the effect of snake venom. "gh;:-lSI g;:-lruru s;:-lb;:-ld mukhI litha."-gclU m 4. 'licked the words of Guru (as a medicine).' See ~. "g;:-lruru S;:-l1b;:-ldu mukhI paIa,hdumE bIkhu. hdfI mari." -mala m 3. dlg3dl 1d [garupodgar] See dlg:'3'i":dl'd. ~ [garu], ~ [gawo], 'd'J2f [garua] adjeminent, majestic, dignified. "gurumukh dekhI garu sukh paIo."--savEye m 4 ke. ~ [garuamatJ, ~ [garuamdltI 1 adj who professes prestigious doctrine. 2 most intelligent, highly talented, having excellent brain. "garuamat nIrVEr liI;ta."-savEye ill 3 ke. "guru gabhir garuamatL"-scwEye m 3 ke. ~ [garua] Se~: "soi nar garua jo prabhu ke gun gavE."-bIla m 9. ~ [c;:-lrur] A .JJi' n deceit, cheating, treachery. 2 arrogance, conceit. "hor mucu garur."--var ram 3. See~. ~~ [garuri] adj arrogant, conceited. 2 n arrogance, conceit. ~ [gareban] See fdla1<;gI('). ~ [gareval] a subcaste of Jatts, believed to have originated from Rajputs. ora- [garo] throat. "garo rukgayo."-NP. 2 See

See afI;s-. "g;:-lla pIt;:-lnI SIru khuhenI."-sava m 1. 4 See ill'W 2" ~ [g;:-ll;:-lura] See ~CJT. 2 folded betel leaf kept in the mouth on the inner side of the cheek. "ghis g;:-l!aure lIavE."-asa kabir. See
~.
~

[galauri] folded betel leaf stuffed with catechu, lime paste and areca pieces. See

~2.

awr.

ornu [garoh] n intimacy, familiarity. 2 affection,

love. "jab dIj ke grehI parhat tab mo s6 huto g;:-lroh."-krIscm. 3 P u.f group, community. 4 gang, band, coterie. d'Rfa' [g;:-lrath] See ojEf. ";:-lsakh g;:-lrath mukhI
vedpath."-j.~pu,

fm.

[galhatha] n hand, in the form of a half moon, kept on the neck of some body to push and throw him away; half moon. affi~ [galakkril n embrace, hug; act of embracing with affectionate hands round the neck. iJTli5'dT;:r [galgajj] n roaring sound produced by warriors; lion's roar. "yodha galgajya." -ramav. "g;:-llgaj-hfge."-kalki. ~ [galgal] a citrous fruit, used for preparing pickles. Ayurvedic practitioners use its extract in several medicines. Citrum Medica. ~ [galcamri] See ~. im?<!" [galaI;t], ~ [galI;ta] Skt rot, leak, drip. 2 decay, decompose, rot. 3 be ruined, be destroyed. See aR?' vr. 4 In Punjabi, it is the name ofan earthen pitcher with a wide mouth. ~ [galaI;tI] n marsh, mire, bog (sinking place). 2 voice; sound produced from the throat; talk, conversation. "mIthi g;:-llaI;tI kumatria."-sava In 5. 'dTffi!t [galI;ti] earthen pitcher with a wide mouth.
CJ1"ffil"aT
See~4.

[garathsahIb] See ojEf wfu'l:r. 'dRfcft [g;:-lrathi] See ojm. ~ [g;:-lrh] See dTtf. ~ [g;:-lrh;:-lI;t] See ~. arfv3' [g;:-lrhIt] See orftfo. iJTli5' [g;:-ll] Skt 1R'l, vr eat, swallow, decay, drip, leak, destroy. 2 n throat, neck. 3 cheek, jowl.

djijEIA if(J~

Skt TJi'Bcr adj fallen. 2 rotten, decayed, decomposed. 3 leaked. 4 melted, liquefied. "tanu manu gabt bhae thakur SIU." -kan m 5. 5 A .JJ.< wrong, incorrect. 'dJ'li5'3'1'O [g;:-lItan] P (;}IIJ<' adj rolling. 2 lying. 3 engrossed, invoIved. "man tano galtan SImrat prabhu nam."-sri chJt m 5. "harI mIle bhae gaItan."-nat m 4 partal.
'dI'1?3' [gal;:-lt]

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dIFM3~H<:

"gursIkh pritI guru mIle galate."-giJum 4. around one's neck; a sheet wrapped on the ~ [galac;lhe] decayed, vanished. "manmukh body in place ofa shirt; galtri that protects the garabhI galac;lhe."-g;mm4._ neck. P ~ 2 P ~ error, mistake. 'iJI"l'S'1"C! [galal).a], CIffi17iT [galana] v say; produce s'ound from the throat. i adj said, stated. :ail'S~9t!(') [caltidan] P (;.!~ v lie down. 2 roll. ~ [galatu] See CI'Ir>3". 3 pertaining to the throat, concerning the throat. "tete badh galal).e."-maru m 5. 4 n collar. 0lffi'iT [galna] See ~. "harIbIsrat tere gal). galI a." -sopuriJkhu. arwfo [galam] SktmrR n hatred, contempt. ~Ff [galpharos] n animator, informer. 'CI1'l'S' [galava] n collar. 2 rope tied round the 2 jester, clown, professional fool. neck. "ghatI galava calIa tInI dutI."-var ~m [galpharosi] n animation, act of giJU 1 m 4. "IE cale ghatI galavIa."-asa chat informing. 2 jest, clowning. "oh galpharosi kare m 5. "jIu taskar paI galavE."-var giJU 1 m 4. bahuteri."-var giJU 1 m 4. arfi;r [gaII] round the neck. "galI jevri haum." ::aJ'l'SST [calba] A ~ n sense of being dominant. -giJU m 5. 2 from the throat; with the chest. "galI lavEgo."-kan iJ m 4. 2 pressure. 0fl'ST [gala] n neck. "gala badhI duhIleI ahir." ~ [galIcamri] n leech. 2 tick; dermal parasite. "galICamri jau choc;lE nahi."-asa m -sar namdev. 2 plural of gall; talk. "gala kare ghal).eria."-var asa m 2. 3 plural of gall; 5. 'craze for worldly goods.' cheek. "gala pItanI SIrU khuhenI." 'iITfffir [gaIIt] adj rotten. "galIt ag pachi tab." -SiJva m 1. 4 hailstone, hail. "galIa seti mih -CiJrI tr 21 7. 2 See CI'Ir>3". 3 See 'iITfffir rn. kurutta."-BG. 5 hole, aperture, slit, opening, ~'RG [galItkusat], ~1J [galItkust], pass, mountain pass. 6 a measure (amount) dIFl?3i2P'! [galItku$th] a chronic disease due to which blood and pus begin to ooze out and the ofgrains which can just be poured in the funnel limbs begin to fall off. Defect in the semen of ofthe flour mill. 7 A Jz food grains, foodstuff. "gala pihavl).i."-BG. 8 herd of cattle, drove. parents, syphlis, eating of rotten fish, infection from someone afflicted with a contagious "phIta vatE gala."-var majh m 1. 'overfed disease, taking eatables which infect blood and herd of cattle is wandering. ' ~ [galaul).a] v pronounce, say, produce witholding of urine and faeces, are the causes sound from the throat. which bring it about. 0J"l'S'l'lft [galai] adj stated, said. 2 n act of This horrible disease affects the blood ofa decomposition, act of putrefication. 3 wages person very badly. His appearance turns for melting. frightening, fingers and feet swell, due to pus limbs begin to fall apart, the nose caves in, voice 'iJTl'STR" [galas] Skt ~ n glass, tumbler See E becomes hoarse and the body gives out bad glass. 2 crystalline vessel. 3 cherry from odour, which those sitting around find Kashmir. It is juicy and delicious berry-like fruit. 'il1"l'S"'ij" [galah] Skt T('fTg n stake in a game. contemptible. In Ayurved, its manifestations are eighteen 2 object put at stake in gambling. "pratham galah darab ko lava."-NP. in number. Among them figure harpes, eczema and ringworm etc. Most frightening is syphilis, iIIl'S"tl'3' [galajat] P dJ.J' n dirt, impurity, pollution. CITl'S"Z [galate] adv by embracing, by hugging. of course. When it becomes known that a

<IREt [galti] n gal-valI t. sheet of cloth wrapped

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person has got syphilis, then some experienced physician must be approached for tf;~atment. Following are the common measures fix curing it: (l) to keep the patient in open air, away from habitation. (2) to bathe with water in which leaves of margosa are boiled. (3) to eat things prepared from grams. (4) to bandage the wounds after washing them with full care. (5) to take brahmd~c;li, gorakhrmJc;li, carayta, :;;uddh gadhak etc. (6) to drink a decoction ofu;>abe. (7) to take five drops of chaulmoogra oil three times a day and apply it to the swollen limbs. (8) to take ten drops of margosa oiL (9) to make balls ofbaIb(tg weighing five and halftolas, haraT di chIll two tola~, khassi aule seven tolas, and CItti trIbi sixteen tolas. They should be separately ground and sieved. All these should be mixed with double the quantity of old guT, balls ofthe size of betelnut should be prepared and each morning one should be taken with warm water. "gal:ctkust upja dustan tal1."-carrtr 405. i1lf<'Sadliijij [gaiitgevar] adj an elephant in highly intoxicated state; (such an illustrious elephant as has) intoxication oozing from all its limbs. "gaIItgEvarjyojuttE."-paras. "galItdurad mad caryo."-paras. CII'fifur [galfda] adj which decomposes. [gali] n street, lane, passage passing between houses and streets. "SIr dhan tali gaii mon au."--sava m 1. "mero stJdartJ kahahu mIlE kItu gali."-dev m 4. narrow passage in hills; and habitation in a valley e.g. ghoragali, chiiglagali, nathiagali etc. 2 adj rotten, decayed, decomposed. 3 merely in talk. "gali

hJ sohagalClI bhcDe!"-asa patti m 1. "gali sEl uthavat cahE."-jfoQi m 5. 4 round the neck, encircling the neck. "Ikna gali jajiria."-var asa. arffi' [gali:], crmreT [gali-i] merely in talk. "gali su sajal) vih."-s farM. "gIanu na gali-i c;lhuc;lhiE." -var asa. 2 mere:ly in talk. See CIJ"ffi 4. CITl'ffirr [galica] P and J~ n embroidered carpet made of wool or cotton, to be spread on the floor. iITl'fftr [galij] P ~ adj unholy, polluted. 2 dirty, unclean. 3 fat, thick, dense. ~[galua], <JTWl'WQT [galuara] n hole, opening, aperture, slit. "golan ke hVEge galuare." -krIsan. r i [gale] rotten decayed, decomposed. "h~karia nanak garabI gale."-sukhmani. 2 swallowed gulped. "man muni munIvar gale."-s kd'bir. 3 with the neck, from the throat. "lagu gale sunu Innti meri."-asa kabir. ~ [galeph] n cover, covering (for quilt, pillow etc). 2 quilt. 3 See~. ri~ [galephl]a] v prepare sugar-coated sweet grains, aniseed, almond. cardamom. 2 wrap. ~ [galoiE] let us talk about, let us speak of. "harIgal galoie."-var vacj m 4. ~ [galohi] spoken, talked. "sat tere SIU gal galohi."-gau m 5. .~ [galogac;l~l] Skt ~ n army fort; army lined up in the shape ofa fort; fort-like circular position ofthe army. "galogac;lc;l phoIT."-cacji2. ~ [galota] n reel or skein of yarn spun on the spinning wheel, which is of the size of an egg. ~~ 1:fd"' [gaJlotia xurad] a village under police station and tehsil Daska ofdistrict Sialkot which is twelve: miles to the north-east of Gujranwala railway station. Guru Hargobind stopped in this village on his way to Kashmir

Jli

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and Guru Har Rai, beseeched by a devotee, visited this village. A banyan tree ofthe Guru's period still stands. A gurdwara exists there to which the village people have donated thirteen ghumaons ofland. art?? [galoll See <!TN?? "p5drae galol5 pas amoI5."-ramav. 'Ravan has a pellet bow in his fifteenth and a noose in the sixteenth hand.' [galola] P j)Z n spherical object. 2 pill, tablet. "amal galola kur ka dIta devanhan." -sri m 1. 'Mammon has given a dose of falsehood.' 3 sling shot. arffip- [gabra] a preacher, resident of Cheeka, who was deputed to preach Sikh doctrine in Hansi and Hissar areas by Guru Teg Bahadur. The ninth Guru visited his residence and bestowed on him a quiver full of arrows. See

who was a general in Sugreev's army. 3 See

~.

arn-w

tflqr.

~ [gabri] See~. 2 See ~ orz;fa' [gaI5th] See 0TffiJEIT. "mar gal5th mkara." -NP. ~ [galh], o'fc;) [gall] Skt 1lITr n brow, cheek, trough in whichjaggery is prepared. 2 related with the throat; talk; tete-a.-tete. 3 Skt ~ vr blame, defame. 'il'fw [galla] See 0lW 7. i1W[gav] Skt n ox, bullock. ~ [gavzan] P (:.JJI n stag. ~ [gavaI:d, ~ [gavaI:lU], ~ [gavan], dWO [gavanu] See Of}-f('). "s5g na sathi gavanu Ikela." -suhi ravidas. 2 cycle of birth and death, transmigration of the soul. "phahe kate mIte gavan."-bavan. 3 sexual intercourse, coitus, coition. "tIh sath gavan kEse kar kanyE?" -cantr 31. 4 Skt ~ adj not special, ordinary. "mukkh karke nahlgae, gavan karke gae hEn." -JSBM. ~ [g;way] Skt n a (wild) hybrid creature between cow and horse, stag, nilgaI (baselaphus trogocomelus). 2 a wild creature

3 See m. ~ [gavaranm:rt], ~ [gavaranmet] E Government. n seat of power. 2 ruler. 3 state, empire. ~ [gavarnar] E Governor. n ruler. 2 chief administrator ofthe state. 3 administrative head ofan institution. ~ HmI'1? [gavarnar gan;:lral] E Governor General. n supreme authority who has control over all administrators of a country; all governors ofstates are under him; the supreme ruler of the country, Warren Hastings was appointed the first governor general of India in 1773. ~ [gavarm:rt] See ~'c. ~[gavra] adjfair-complexioned, fair-skinned. 2 See~. ~ [gavraj] Skt bull, stud bull. 2 arfuort:r n Kamdhenu, a mythological cow, believed to be supreme among all its species. "nIksi gavraj su dhenu bhali."-samudramathan. ~ [gavan], ~ [gavri] See ~. 2 Gauri; Parvati, wife of Shiv. "an gavan k5hI sis jhukavat."-cantr 355. ~ [gaval] Skt n buffalo, male buffalo. 2 wild stud buffalo. 3 stud buffalo's horn. ~~ [gavaul)a] v lose, misplace. "p5QIt rovahI gIan gavaI."-var ram 1 m 1. "gurmukhI ladha manmukhI gavaIJ." -sopurakhu. "mau piu kIrat gavaIn."-var majh m 1. 2 spend time, to pass time, waste time. "bed pare parI brahme janamu gavaIa." -asa kabir. 3 make or persuade one to sing. ~ [gava I] adv by getting musical recitation performed. 2 by losing. See~. ~ [gavasI], ~ [gavasi] will sing. 2 Skt ~ will cause one to roam. 3 will lose. "tIn ka bhau sabhu gavasi."-sopurakl1U.
~[gavar] See~. 2 See

tTIo.

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[gavah] P ~I.f n witness, deponent, testifier, he who gives evidence. ~ [gavahi] P (jf.f n evidence, deposition, testimony. ~ [gavak$] Skt n hole in the shape of a cow's eye, general1y found in the ventilators of a house; peep-hole. 2 window; aperture through which sunrays penetrate. 3 a council1or of Sugreev. 4 signboard for firing which has on it the bul1 's eye. guljari is its distorted form. ~ [gavajha] adj lost; was lost, destroyed. "sabh kIlbhIkh gaye gavajha."-jEt m 4. ~ [gav3qh] n neighbourhood. ~[gav3qhi] adjneighbouring. 2 n neighbour. ~ [gavate] lost. "japIE pap gavate."-Inha
cMtm4.

[gavadha] adj destroyed. See OT'~. 2 singing, reciting. "guD gobfd gunnukhI gavadha."-var maru 2 m 5. ~ [gavadhu] See QRTl:lT I. "sabhI pap gavadhu."-sar ill 5 pdrtal. QNTij' [gavar] Skt OJT}f('jQ rural, rustic i.e. uncivilised. "murakh mugadh gavar."-maru kdbir. 2 P .A.f sui used as a suffix, it has a positive meaning viz khu$gavar, nagval'. ~ [gavara] vocative of gavar. "harI ka nam ki na japasI gavara?"-sor kdbir. 2 See d'T)-I1QT. 3 P tA.f adjwelldisposed, in accordance with, favourable. 4 n beehive. ~ [gavari] feminine of gavar. "naraII). nfdaSI kaIbhuli gavari?"-dhdrw trj:1occm. 2 milk woman, milkmaid, dairymaid. "patsajan ko sajkE su gavari."-krrsdn. ~ o [g;warier], dl'i!'fMGtd [gavalIyar], ~ [gavaliar] Skt~ a famous state of central India and its capital. There is an old big fort in this city, where royal prisoners were kept in the Mughal era. The fort is situate:d at 300 feet high sandy hilltop. The fort is one and

three-fourths mile long and 2,800 feet wide. The height of the surrounding wal1 is 30 feet. Guru Hargobind vvas kept a captive in this fort for sometime due to the cunningness ofChandu and emperor Jahangir's policy,1 which is referred to by Bhai Gurdas: "gar carTa patsah caraia." At the time of his release, the Guru got several royal prisoners released alongwith due to which he was popularly known as b;'idi chor. The Sikhs have not paid any attention to this holy place. No wonder some enterprising Muslim has turned the place into a memorial named b;'idi chor data, as his permanent source of Income. ~9" [gaval;'ibh] slaughter of the cow (ox); fire ritual in which cows are sacrified. Many Vedic annotators have forbidden this sacrificial ritual in Kalyug. According to Prashar "the following five practices are strictly prohibited in Kalyug: Ashvmedh (in which horses are sacrificed), Gvalambh (in which oxen are sacrified), renunciation, offering meat during $aradhs,begetting ofa son by a woman through her husband's brother. 2 "gaval;'ibh ajmedh aneka."-ramav. "gaval;'ibh bahu jagg kare bar."-rdghu. ~[gavavDal,cJT'~[gavavna]v lose, waste, destroy. "mat til apna-ap gavavhe." -asa chat m 3. 2 go, leave. "jo ghar chao gavavDa."-sri m 5. 3 make one sing. ~ [gavIal sang, recited, gave recitation of. "vIrle hi gavId."-bavdn. 2 searched, explored. See ~:I<!'. ~ [gavIta] lost, wasted. "sabh gIan gavIta."-guj va!' 1 m 3. 2 singer, chanter.
1

See ;::ruiafta".
~~q;c;[t~~

2~~Wcrm1j~

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1016

Skt n cow. ~ [gavijE] See ~. ~ [gave] See oW. Skt TfiO~ "parbraham ki dargah gave."-sukhmcmi. ~ [gave~al)J Skt n searching, looking for, exploration. ~ [gavE] goes, reaches, arrives. See ~. 2 (may) go, (may) reach. "han dargah kahu kEse gavE?"-sukhmcmi. ~ [gavrya] singer, chanter. ~ [gavy] Skt adj of the cow, pertaining to the cow. See tl'~. OS' [gar] See ~. "hancara!). sara!). gar kotI hamarE."-suhi m 5. "gar capa patsah caraIa." -BG. See dl'i!'fMGJij. 2 carving, idol-making. "losat ko jar gar bohIth banaiat. "-BGK. 3 spear, lance. See orc3'. "pattIs loh-hathi parsa gar."-ramav. 4 boil. ~ [garakna] v thunder. iJS'dTi::r [gargajj] n thunder; thunder of a cloud raining hailstones. 2 lightning, accompanied by thunder. 3 adj peal of thunder, crackling loud sound. "gargajjian gahIkE."-carItr 142. or.rclfRfl [gargajj bolle] n thundering utterances.
See'l:fT"liS"Jt~n.

~ [gavi]

kabir.
~ [garapp!).aJ, oS'tror [gapppna] v swallow,

gulp.
~ [garappu] adjwho swallows, who gulps.

[garbar] n disorder. 2 nonsense. "garbar karE bq.i rag laI."-bhET m 5.3 onomatopoeic ofsimmering noise. ~ [garba] Skt ~ n metal vessel resembling a small pitcher. ~ [garvai] attendant who keeps the pitcherlike vessel of metal in his hand; bath attendant. Dogra Gulab Singh, bath attendant of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, gotthe status of a raja from that of Singh Sahib. After the fall of Lahore kingdom, he got the title of maharaja from the British Government. See l!!M'SfA'Ufi: 5. ~ [garva] See ~. ~ [garvar] adj owner of a fort. 2 n superintendant of a fort. 3 spear man, lancer.
4See~.

im1" [gara] n hail, hailstone. "ape sitalu thar

gara."-maru solhe m 5. 2

See~.

~ [garaq.il] E grenadier, a soldier who

ilSiJIit [garga!).i] having a spear in hand; spearwoman. "kharga!).i garga!).i."-paras. CISCJi'cIJT [gargaga] river Ganga flowing near the town of Garhmukteshwar in district Meerut. "gargaga ke path padhare."-GPS. 2 Many scholars refer to Garurhganga as Garhganga. See dlg;:ldldl ' . 'dTS'3' [garat] n carving, sculpture. 2 adj carved, sculpted. QT;f3T [garta] engraver, sculptor. 'il'r.R"'Q [gardar] spear man, lancer. "garedar mana kari matt ki jy6."-carItr 320. d'r.Ri' [garan] Skt engraving, carving. dl;:l(,)()iijI [garanhara] adj engraver, sculptor. "je Ihu muratI saci hE tau garanhare khau."-asa

throws a grenade. 2 in Punjabi it is also used for a tall soldier. Its root could be foraT-itM". iJSl3' [garar] n poked spear; multipoked spike; tree with spikes. "dah dIS chutat top sayak vajra garar."-saloh. 2 Skt C1~C1IJlf1. According to Purans, it is a fire emanating from a mare's mouth that dries the water in the ocean. "satt samud g;Jrar mahf jaI sma I na pet bharavE." -BG. 3 In ancient times, it was a common belief that there exists a large hole at the base of an ocean into which water continuously gets sucked and the ocean is never full. arfir [gap] after carving, by engraving. 2 in the fort. "gap dohi patIsah ki."-oakar. ~ [garIOJ, arfu>w [garIa] formed, created, shaped, carved.

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or;ft [gari] small fort.

Jind state. The village is situated at a distance

ofeighteen miles on a pucca road to the southwest of Patiala railway station. At the time ofthe Guru's visit to this place, this land was a part of Samana. That is why some writers hold that this gurdwara is in Samana. See 'Ff}fTOI". orr [gal Skt vr go, proceed, praise, appreciate. 2 n appreciation, praise. 3 singing, recitation. 4 suffix indicating future tense. "jiare jahIga mE jana."-g;m k2bir. 5 short for OT'H [gaml (OJ'H [gram]). "nahI lakhE ham ko jan ga ke." -kns2n. 'ofa vilIage.' art [gal village. 2 short for 'dJT(')" [gan]. See 'dJT(')" 6. "baccga ku~tah car,,"-j2f2r. ~[garedarl See~. ~ [gaul See orr(r<!'". "gau gau ri dulhani ~ [garh] See ore- and or.r. m~galcar."-asak2bir. 2 P J( ox. ~ [garh~erl or ~ [~ergarhl a fort built ~ [gaul, ~ [gaOl n village. "bahut pratap by Sher Shah in Sasram subdivision ofdistrict gau sau pae."-sar k2bir. 2 sing. "nanak Shahbad in Bengal which is in a dilapitated hangul). gaO."-vaT m21a m 5. condition now. ~[gaul).al Skt 'dT'1:i!O recital of musical notes. dl~J:i'Cla [garh~~kaJt"] a town ofa tehsil in district 'dT1" [gaul will sing. 2 n herd of cows, drove. Hoshiarpur. Bhai Tilak, a devoted Sikh, "knsan caravat gau re."-g2u k2bir. 3 village. belonged to this place. See ~ 7. "majh banaras gau re."-g2u kCJbir. See~. dl~ ftlM'o [garhCIlanl or ~ f'ffifm [garh cHolil 'CJTl'fu [gaIl n cow. "haku paraIa nanka, usu See QTHft:fur 3. suaw usu gaI."-var majh m 1. 2 village. "gaI ar;:rr [garhal See <Jre". 2 pit, ditch. samet sabho mIl kJran."-krIsCJn. 3 having ~l [garhi] n small fort. 2 See m-fl?iT 3 and sung, recited. "gagE gOI gaI jInI choc;li gali gobIdu garabI bhaIa."-asa PCJti m 1. 'One dl%l(')"l1a. ~lot.ita" [garhinazir] a village under police who has stopped reciting hymns in praise of station Goolah, tehsil Kaithal ofKarnal district, the Creator, has the vanity of being an inhabited by Bikhankhan. A gurdwara in enlightened one.' 4 earth, land. 5 by singing. memory of Guru Teg Bahadur is situated near "nanak kahIt gaI karunamE."-gCJU m 9. 6 P this fort to the south, where he encamped at ~( place, site. "tUjhE kInI pharmai gaI?" the request of Bikhankhan. Pucca residential -s kCJbir. 'Who has informed you of this houses and a gurdwara were got renovated place?' there by Maharaja Karam Singh of Patiala 'iJ1'1'fuq [gaIkl Skt CJl"tilCl" singer, reciter, chanter. state. One hundred bighas of land has been 'dJl'fuc!" [gaIl).l, ~ [gaIl).ul Skt'd'JTGl7i (ft vr sing. See A ~) n singing, chanting. "sadh melI han donated by Bhai Dday Singh, while an annual grant of rupees two hundred is sanctioned by gaIl).u?"-bhEr m 4.2 singer, chanter. "kab kou

[garia1l a subcaste of Bunjahi Khatris, its correct pronunciation being gurial. "garia1 mathradas hE."-BG. 2 spear man, lancer. 'iIT31>w [garial n spear, lance. 2 small spear. "garia bhasuc;li bhErvi bhala neja bhakh." -scmama. 3 an ardent but enlightened devotee ofGuru Hargobind. He was deputed to preach the Guru's doctrine in Kashmir. Sain Shahdaula, a resident of Gujarat, became a follower ofthe Guru on listening to Sukhmani from him. Garhia served the nineth Guru as well. He is also named as gac;lhia. ~ [garul See ore and or.r. "jInI bharamgaru torIa."-var guj 2 m 5.

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~ [ganri] Skt ~ n she who protects

of Rigved is a compOSItIOn by sage Vishvamittar. See -ffoT. the reciter of holy hymns. It is called Gaytri 2 a category of metres with six characters also because this hymn is believed to have per foot (thus having 24 characters in all) as in been chanted from Brahma's lips. According sasIvadna and 'ffi.rorffi [somraji]. to another etymological explanation ~ is il'I"fuo [gam] Skt 0JTGl?) song; prelude to a song; the converse of ~-(JTIljf, which means 'threesinging. "gungobfd gaIo nahi."-s ill 9. 2 singer. "gavahI gaIn prat."l-ma sjg. footed'; tnpada (i.e. having three verses). "sadhIa tarpal). karahI gaItri."-sor ill 3. Gaytri ~ [gaInpatr] one who is competent in vocal music, viz-singer, musician. "gavahI is the most important holy hymn of Hindus. gaInpatr."-ragmala. Only Dvij (Brahman, Khatri and Vaishya) are CJITfufo [gaInI] female singer. "sun gaInI tE entitled to chant it. bat hamari." -G'JrItr 276. Gaytri: "d\(1~trcRol1' ~ ~ ~, fW:IT <:fA-: ~' arrfu'a' [gaIb] singer. "gaIb pekh riSE gan gadhrab."-krIsan. 2 singing. 3 See 0fTl:iI<f. It means: 'The Sun god that sustains all, relieves all from pain, is the source of light, worthy of iJTI'8t [gail sung. "nahI kiratIprabh gai."-sor ill 9. 2 cows. "gaiputa nIrdhana pathi cakaru prayer, vanisher ofsins, inspirer ofour intellect, hOI."-var mala m 1. See trg~. and we meditate upon Him.' According to a legend in Padam Puran, ~3'[gaiput] ox. See 2. Brahma, about to perform an oblation, asked r i [gasi] will sing. 2 Pkt n reed of an arrow. 3 arrowhead. "akhia sam gasi."-krrsan. "teri Indar to bring his (Brahma's) wife Savitri, hasi hamE gasi si lagat hE."-krIsan. 4 A lf~ because it could never be performed in the absence of one's better half. Savitri told that adjfragile. she would not go without her female 'il'fl'Fft;w [gasia] A ~~ n cover for a quilt or a pillow. 2 saddle-cover. companions (Lakshmi etc). When he came back without Savitri, Brahma asked lndar to 'i3P"U [gah] Skt ~ vr destroy, break, shake, make topsy-turvy, take bath. 2 n process of bring another woman for him. Indar brought a threshing. "latu madhal)ia angah."-var asa. milkmaid from the mortal world, whose name 3 adoption, acquisition. "akhri gIanu git was Gaytri. Brahma solemnised Gandhrav gUl).gah."-japu. 4 Skt serenity; profundity. marriage with her and perfomed the oblation. Gaytri's appearance is thus described : 5 P ~'t place, site. deer's horn in one hand and a lotus in the other, ~ [gahak] or ~ [gahaku] Skt OJ1'()'Cif adj acquirer, receiver, purchaser. "sace ka gahaku red-coloured clothes, a pearl necklace around vIrla ko jal).."-dhana m 3. the neck, rings in the ears and crown on the 0JTC:J0ft' [gahki] n process ofacquisition, purchase, head. act of buying. 2 adj purchaser, receiver. "koi There is an anecdote in Brahmin scriptures anI mIIEgo gahki."-s kabir. that once Brahaspati hit Gaytri with his leg, wounding her on the forehead. From the wound ~ [gahaku] See orruq. emerged many deities. Gaytri is also known IThis is a reference from Madhvanal Sangeet, while in Ragmala this word is written as patriJ. as the mother ofVeds. In fact, this holy hymn

melE pac sat gaIl).?"-asa m 4.

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[gahdDl See ~. 2 Skt QTT'U-r~ lacking in profundity; the place where water is shallow. (JJ'I'(J'(!T [gahDal v thresh, crush. "kdDU nahi tuh gahdD lage."-sar m 5. 2 dive. See QTT'U vr. 3 contemplate; differentiate between truth and falsehood. ~ [gahdDul See ~. CJTTtTi'l [gahdnl See ~ and ~. "brnu bD khdlhanu kse gahdn paIa?"-bhfr m 5. "bIkhEddl satcm tumrE gahIo."-kan m 5. 2 contemplate. "nandk gUD gahI."-gdu m 5. "nandk hdrIguD gahI."-asa m 5. iJTTm")T [gahna] See ~. ilJTU'Q [gahdnu] See CJTTtTi'l. ~ [gahra], ~ [gahro] adj deep, thick, dense. 2 profound, infinite. "bahu beat atI baQ.o gahro."-dev m 5. CJlTt)T [gahal n narration, tale. "hdrI kE rag sdda gUDgaha."-jE't m 4. 2 praise, admiration. "guD gopal prdbhu ke nIt gaha."-suhi m 5. 3 a poetic metre comprising two lines. Each line has four feet with two pauses. The f1rst foot has twelve, second eighteen, third twelve and the fourth fifteen matras with a guru at the end. It is also named Arya l . Example: guru nandk pdd pddma sur ndr munI vrfd vadniya bhoh. vadeha sukh-hetormdnsa vaca $drirer:l. (b) See d"fT<.lT~. CJlTt)T ~ [gaha duja] Under this heading the poetic metre has the following form in DasamGranth: two lines, each line having 27 matras,
'iJT'tJ(!'

lIn prosody the characteristics of Arya poetic metre arein the first half seven Qagans. guru at the end, jagaI;lS at the sixth place or four Iaghu. One Iaghu is essential at the sixth place in the second half. The remaining characteristics are similar to those ofthe first half There should not be any jagal). at the first, third, fifth & seventh places of this metre.

first pause at the: 14 th matra and the second at 13 th thereafter. Example: matva mddIa kunara, dnrdta dhdrmaDo tn aI. kukdrmdDo kdtlU ta bdd Ita, IdjjDoh tdjta mra." -kdlki. aTTfu [gahI] See ~. "hdrI ke gUD gahI.:' -prdbha m 3. See QTT'U 5. 2 "tdskdr bESdhI gahI."-s kdbir. See ~wfu. 3 adv having threshed. 4 having pondered, having contemplated. CIJ11T [gahul See QTT'U. 2 praise, admire. See 0fTU0 2. "mIlI sadhu gUD gahu."-majh bardhmaha. ~ [gahuDal See ~. 'ijJTij- [gahel should thresh. 2 should contemplate. 3 P .:;-'t' adv sometimes, at times. "gahe nd neki kar kdrddm."-tIIJg m 1. ~ [gahE] threshes. See QTT'Uvr. 2 contemplates. 3 recites. "jIsahI paraPdtI so hdrIguD gahE." -gdum5. ~ [garhpdty] See ~. ~ [gakhdD], 0JTl:I<!T [gakhDal, 0JT1:f7iT [gakhna] Skt ore~ n search, exploration. "nd gdlli gakhiE."-BG. "rds jandt so ndr jo rds gakhE." -knsdn. 2 concluding. "sad-hu gUD gakhE." -BG. 3 scrutiny, screening. "sdhE kdSJti mdn ko gakhE."-GPS. iJTl'l:faT [gakhra], d1T'l::Rft [gakhri], [gakhro], (JJTl:Sf [gakh:ra], iJTTl:St [gakh:ril, ClJTl::f3' [gakh:ro 1 adj difficult, hard, arduous. 2 inaccesible; a place ardous to reach. 3 unbearable. This term is derived from Skt word m~ which is the name of a medicinal herb bearing hard thorny seeds; path paved with this thorny herb. "ghumdnghen dgah gakhri."-asa 5. "sdtIgur ki seva gakh:ri."-sri m 3. "kamu krodhu dhakaru gakhro, sajdmI kdunu chutIo ri?"-asa m 5. "grikhdm rutI gakh:ri."-ram m 5 ruti. "vIchohe jabur khdve nd vaj1dnI gakh:re."--var guj 2 m 5. "UCdU pdrbdt

orcm-

n:

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gakhro."-sri;}ill 1. "s;}bh Jgun te garab gakhro, parmesvar nahI bhavat."-s;}loh. ariar [gag] Skt ~ adj pertaining to Ganga, of Ganga. 2 n Bhisham Pitama. 3 Kartikey, kharanan. arrarit [gagti] n a succulent root used as vegetable; its plant, calocasia arum. It belongs to arum family. Its root is used as vegetable while the leaves are used to prepare snacks. It is sown during the months of Chet-Baisakh and dug out in the month of Kattak. arTor7;T [gagna], ~ [gagno] n bracelet of multicoloured yam; thread hung round the neck or worn on the head by Hindu women as a symbol of marital status; a sacred thread tied round the wrist during marriage or in war. "hath gagno ya par ayo."-krrs;}n.. 'iJJ'iII"a" [gagar], CJTTa'l"fu [gagan], ~ [gagril Skt arat''Q't n earthen or metallic pitcher with narrow mouth used for fetching water. This word derives from the rumbling sound produced at the time offilling the vessel with water. "tutat bar na lagE ta kau jIu gagan jal phori."-sar ill 5. "nIt uthI kori gagan an."-bIla k;}bir. iJI'TaIT [gaga] a village under police station, tehsil and district Sunam ofPatiala state. A gurdwara in memory of Guru Teg Bahadur is situated one furlong away to the north-west of this village. The Guru stayed here by the side of a pond. The gurdwara building and residential houses are in good condition. They were got renovated by Sardar Sewa Singh, minister of Nabha State in Sammat 1933. Land measuring 750 bighas has been allotted by Patiala state. The priest is a Sikh. The village is one and a half miles to the west of Lehragaga railway station. QITaIr [gaga] a popular oilman during the reign of

raja Bhoj, who without uttering any word won over pandits (scholars) in discussion through gestures and signs only. "go~atI gage teliE paQit nal hOVE jag dekhE. khari karE Ik aguli gaga dUI vekhalE rekhE. pher ucaI pajagula gaga mutth halaI all;kh. pErl pE uth callIa paQIt har bhulavE bhekh. nIrgun sargun ag dUI parmesur p;}j mIlan sarekhE. akklii dOVE bhansa mukki laI halaI nImekhE murakh paQIt surat vIsekh." The following saying is quoted when reference is made to inequality between the high and the low, the wise and the unwise: "kItthe raja bhoj ate kItthe gaga teli."-prov. H1jf [gagey], (j']i(jT;g [gagev] Skt ~~iTt:T adj pertaining to Ganga, of Gal)ga. 2 n Bhisham Pitama, son of Ganga. "gagev bhanuj kahf maryo."-n;}rav. 'killed Bhisham and Karan. ' iII"'iir [gach], ~ [gachahu], ~ [gachE], ~ [gacho] See oTiii. "gachahu putri rajkuan." -bdS5t d ill 1. "jo dIStE so gach."-dev ill 5. 'iIJTi1 [gail Skt n thunder, loud sound. 2 lightning, which produces thunder. 3 trumpet (of an elephant etc.) "jEse gajraj gaj marat." -BGK. 4 P j( place, site. 5 Skt adjrelating to an elephant. 6 cluster of elephants, flock of elephants. 'iI1'1'fRI" [gajar] Skt ~ n a succulent root-like raddish, sweet in taste. It has cooling effect. The carrot is a tonic for the heart and the brain. It helps kidneys and cures jaundice. L Daucus Carota. E carrot. 2 P ~;( washerman. "gajar huto tir par bari."-NP. OJ""fl'Q"IR[gajraj] lord oflightning, Indar.-sdnama. 2 leader of the cluster of elephants. aJiRr [gaja] Skt ~ n an intoxicant, a narcotic drug obtained from hemp, smoked like tobbaco in a smoking pipe. E hemp. Its effect is dry and warm. It harms the heart, brain, muscles,

orR

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stomach and makes one lethargic. iJITt.ft [cazi] P 15;~ harlot, prostitute. 2 dancing girl. 3 crusader or fighter for a religious cause. "hathyo jitmall<'i sugaji gulab;'). "-VN. 4 warrior who kills infidels in war. 5 chiefcommander, commander-in-chief. ~ [caziabad] tehsil head quarter of district Meerut in u.P., founded by Gazi-u-din son ofAsaf Jah. It is ajunction ofEast-ndian, North Western and Avadh Ruhelkhand railways. :aJTf.fty'a" [cazipur] district headquarter of UP situated on the left bank of Ganga. Many historians hold it to be Gadhipur founded by raja Gadhi, while others have associated it with the name of Masood Gazi. :arrt.fh.ret!" [cazimarad]l P J/15;~ brave man, warrior. 2 horse. 'iII"'G [gat] n onom sound produced while swallowing water. "rasIhan gat."-kan m 4 pa[taJ. 'iIfIGT [gata] n neck. "ueo kar gata."-GPs. arro [gath], orio [gath] n knot. "haumE brnthi gathe."-suhi cht m 5.2 See 0Ji00r. "hau bInu gathe jaI pahuea."-sor ravidas. dl i601dd i [gathkatra] See dI6Ci(dd'. ~ [gathna] Skt of'El'O v tie into a knot, . interlace, knot. See orio 2. ifTicRit [gathri], otoffi [gathli], <J1io;ft [ga1;hri] Skt oj'fir. knot, knarl, knob. 2 bundle, bale, package. "baean guru jo purE kahIo mE ehik:[ gBlthri badha."-sar m 5. "jako lahIl).o maharajri gathrio."-toQi m 5. ' ...who is to get from the Almighty's bundle.' See 'iJIl'Q'ffi. ~ [gathrio] from the package, from the bundle. See 0Ji0;IT. "ffiTi5T [gatha], orfo [gathI], arTfo [gathI], orro'T [gathi], 0Ji0't [gathi] Skt offer knot. "brnu guru gathI na ehutai."-soram 1. "hE kou Esa mitu jI
'This word is derived from gazi in Arabic and marad in Persian. See 0JTt.ft 3,4,5.

torE bIkham gathI?"-phunhe m 5. "gathi bhInIbhInI bhUlI tal).ie."-bIla m 5. 2 in the bundle, in the package. "gathI na badhau beeI na khau."-bhakabir. "taka car gathi."-sarkabir. dl io1ad i [gathiehora] a cheat who deprives one of money in possession; a thief who steals packs containing belongings. ~ [gathuli] See crriciffi. "aj kal khulE teri gathuli."-sar m 5. Here the word indicates the breathing process. "dT'ir [gaq.] n pit, ditch. 2 sitting place for a deer, where he digs a small pit with his hoofs. See ~ 3.3 act of uniting; union. ~ [gaq.na] v dig, make a pit. 2 b!1ry in a pit. "VI Ie jare UI Ie gaq.e."-s kabir. 3 establish warm relations, reconcile. "Ihu tanu jIn SIU gaq.Ia."-suhi cht m 1. lII"'lre [gaq.~r], ~;:IT [gaq.ri] Dg n sheep. Skt ~ "gaq.ar Ie kamdhenu kan puji."-g<:w m5. ~ [gaq.ro] Dg n ram, male sheep. See~. ~[gaq.a] n a pole, a firmly fixed pillar. "gaq.a ealE na haq.a hal hE."- VN. 'A pillar may move, but a Raj put never flees the battlefield.' 2 cart, bullock cart. "gale lade ehar."-maru am 1. 3 pit, ditch. 4 This word has been used for Shaktasur. See RCifCTIJ'a". 5 adj strong, firm, determined. "kaha su tegb<'id gaq.e rarI?"-asa am 1. 'Where are the swordsmen, who were determined to fight in the battle field?' iJIiar [gaq.a] n sugarcane, having segments between nodal joints; segmented. "ras ko gada cusiE."-s kabir. iIT'fiJ[gaq.I] by mixing. "garura khal).a dudh SIU gaq. I."-basat m 1.. ~ [gaq.Iv] See ~. arrcJt [gaq.i] n cart; Ilight carriage. "dhurImal).i gaq.i ealti."-bast namdev. 2 See~. 3 firmly dug in, firmly fixed. "gaq.i hUI thaq.hi tahf Ese."-GPs.

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~ [gaqisakha] n gland close to the

rectum of a wild cat (civet) that gives out fragrance. "musakbIlai gaqisakha. "-BG. See
}jACi(raM'~.

n road; pathway for smooth transport of carts. 2 Sikhism-a way of life that poses no ordeals. "gurmukh gaqirah calaya." -BG orim [gaqiv] Skt ~ adj knotty, knarred. 2 n knarred bow. According to Mahabharat this bow made by Brahma was handed over to the moon, who gave it to Varun. When Arjun vowed to help Agni to burn Khandavban, the latter took it from Varun and handed it over to Arjun. Arjun pledged to kill whoever slandered this bow. 3 a bow, especially one made of bamboo having knars; bow on which a string is wound. Both gaqIv and gaqiv are correct words. dliiiS1~Qa [gaqivadhar] Arjun, the possessor of gaqiv bow. ~ [gaqivan] coachman, cart driver. ~ [gaqivi] See dli~l~Qd. CIJli at.r [gaqe rarI] See ~ 5. r i [gaqo] See (JJT~T 2. "dhur tuti gaqo sIrbhan."-ram m I. Here gaqqa is the mortal frame and dhur stands for the breathing system. cnii [gaqo] See "dIW. OT'V[gac;lh] Skt nadversity, misfortune, hardship. "gaqh pari bIrhi jan kO."-krIsan. 2 adj excessive, plenty. 3 thick, dense. 4 deep. 5 difficult, arduous. 6 strong, firm. W[gaqh] n knot, joint. ~ [gac;lhDa], ~ [gaqhan] v tie into a knot, interlace. 2 bind. "tutI gaqhanhar gopal." -sukhmani. "kure gaqhan gaqhe."-gau m 4. "j;:mam janam ka tuta gaqha." -prabha am 5. ~ [gaqha] See ~. "gaqhe gac;lhan ke toranhar."-akal. 'conquerors of strongly-built

~ [gaqirah]

forts.' 2 See'd'flW). "janam janam ke tute gaqhe." -suhi m 5. ~ [gaDpaty] Skt adj pertaining to Ganesh. 2 n a devotee of Ganesh. ~ [gaDva] adj counted, numbered, enumerated. S~. "jo dIh ladhe gaDve."-s farid. 'numbered days i.e. days of life are numbered.' ~ [gaDve] See ~. CfIT3' [gat] Skt 0T'9: n mortal frame, body. "bInasIjEhE tero gat."-jeja m 9. 2 limbs. "mm ke tomE hE: sabh gat."-krIsan. 3 salvation, emancipation. See m. "nath narhan karahu gat."-asa chJt m 5. ~ [gatra] n belt to support a sword on one's body, put around the shoulder like janeu, the sacred thread. "jari gatra jahf guljar." -GPS. ClT'ftr [gatI] salvation. See m. "bhai hamari gatI."-dhana m 5. 2 condition, state, stage. "jani na jai taki gatI."-dev m 5. 3 singer. iW3l [gati] n sheet of cloth wrapped around the body, in place ofa shirt etc. 2 condition, state. See m. "janahu apan gati."-dhana m 4. 3 See~. "han dhIavahu gurmukhI gati jio."-majh m 5. 'Meditate upon the Almighty, who is our own.' 4 See orrftr. 0JT'g [gatu] Skt n path, passage. 2 song. 3 singer. 4 large flower-sucking black bee. 5 celestial musician. 6 wealth, money. orr3' [gate] singing. 2 liberation, salvation. See m. "karahu hamari gate."-g.:m m 5. 3 There is salvation, and also liberation. "han ekas te meri gate."-sar m 5. ~ [gatr] Skt 'lTBf n mortal frame, body. 2 limbs. 'ij'JTfq [gatn] Skt 1ffiJ: singer. CIJTEI" [gath] Skt n singing. 2 song of praise, panegyric. "SUD nanak jiVE gath."-maru m 5. 3 narration. 4 See OT"'. ~ [gathak] Skt n singer. 2 one who delivers

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0J1CIT

a discourse. [gatha] Skt n praise, panegyric. "gatha gavatI nanak."-gatha. 2 discourse, anecdote, tale. "rar karat jhuthi lagI gatha."-ilsa ill 5. 3 historical writing describing the dynasty and the charitable deeds of a family or personage etc. "jatI patI na gotr gatha."-akal. 4f a poetic metre also called ra1J!T [arya] and "iJTT<JT [gaha]. See 0J1'tJT. 5 an ancient language containing words of Sanskrit, Pali and other languages. The scriptures ofBuddhism like Lali1vistar etc and hymns entitled Sahaskriti Salok and Gatha in Guru Granth Sahib are written in this language. Some ignorant commentators, without grasping the meaning of this, define these saloks as going against the Sanskrit grammar. ~ [gathu] Pkt"l101 n capital, principal amount. "illaharajro gathu vahu SIO lubhrio."--toQi ill 5. 2 See (JlTEf. ~ [gad] Skt (J]TQ" n bottom beneath water. 2 silt settled at the bottom of water or oil. "OJ1't!'Q [gadar] n jackal. 2 coward, timid, chickenhearted. cni\:w [gadla] adj dirty, unclean. iJT1'tft [gadi] See oTtft. "gurgadi ki s~v karata."

vermilion.

orTtRft [gadhari] daughter of Subal, king of

Gandhar, who was married to Dhritrashtar of Kaurav dynasty. She gave birth to one hundred sons including Duryodhan and one daughter Dohshala. Dohshala was married to Jaidrath, king ofSindh. On finding that her husband was blind, Gandhari kept her eyes bandaged all her life. She was of the view that if her husband was deprived of the pleasure of sight, it was not proper for her to be with eyes. arrfq [gadhI] son of Kushamb of Kushik dynasty who was the father of Vishvamittar. He was a ruler of Kanauj, hence Kanauj is also called Gadhipur. 'iJTTft:rJ;r'3' [gadhIsut], orrfm:r [gadhIj], dl'fQ3(,)G1 [gadhItamy], dl'fQi'l(') [gadhmadan], ~ [gadhIputr] Vishvamittar, son of Gadhi. "gadhItanE parkhyo haricad."-NP. 'iJITftry-a" [gadhIpur] Kanauj. See orrftr. aritit [gadhi] Skt ~ manufacturer and seller of perfumes; dealer in scents. ~ [gadhrabi] Skt T1T;::~Tcff n relating to Gandhrav, celestial. 2 celestial female. OJTO [gan] n song. 2 singing. 3 tone, note. 4 short for OTJIT()' [gyan]. "gan dhan dharat hiE cahI."-SavEye ill 4 ke. 'busy here in knowledge and meditation.' 5 P 1;;)'6 adj able, competent. 6 When used as a suffix with a word ending with [.., (~) it makes that a plural. e.g. baccgan from baccah, rajgan from rajah etc. 0fTi'i'ig [ganMdhu] According to Adbhut Ramayan, a music teacher of sage Narad who taught him this art. ilJ10T [gana] See CJTT()". 2 bracelet of multicoloured yarn tied to one's wrist (for protection) by chanting of mantars. This bracelet is tied at the time of marriage, war, performace of oblation and recitation of mantars. See 'dJT('jT ~. 3 sugarcane. "rnith ras gane."-gauill 4.

-GPs.
[gadh] Skt n water bottom, water base. 2 place, site. 3 aspiration, longing. "m adh hE . m gadh hE na byadh ko bIcar hE."-akal. 4 bath. ~ [gadharav] Skt TfFUCf adj pertaining to celestial music. 2 n musicology. 3 horse. 4 one of the eight types of marriage described in Manusimriti i.e. union of man and woman due to their love for each other. ~ ~ [gadharav ved] See ~t. ~ [gadhar] See cf't:rTQ. 2 adj related to Gandhar; ofKandhar. See oh:rra". 3 third in the series of seven musical notes. 4 red lead,
0JTtr

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1024

[gana b;'lnh!).a] get ready for going to war or getting married by tying the sacred bracelet. Tying a bracelet to the wrist of the person going for war means he would marry death or a celestial female. "jii an hukam akal da hath baddha gana."-jJgnama. See 0J1?iT 2. 0J10't [gani] sung, recited. "tino gani barb;'lc;lIka." -NP. 'Three gods and three Veds have recited Balvantika (deity ofthe mighty).' ~ [gane] plural of 0J1?iT [gana]. 2 sung, recited. 3 plural of g;'lna. See 0fTi'iT 3. ~ [gaphal], :orrfuc? [cahl] A J~ adj lazy, lethargic. "kahI gaphal sOIa."-trlJg m 9. "bakhiI gaphrI."-tr15g m 1. Odi'rk:l'Sl1:tCl(,) [cahl~rkan] P ~J~ adjdestroyer of the careless ones, the lazy ones. OT'H [gam] Skt OTHO gait, movement. "cal ke gajgamr."-krrsan. 2 singing, recitation, chanting. "han han gu!). gam."-sukhmcmi. 3 Skt C[l}f adj group, association. "mrlr knpa gu!).gam."-toc;li m 5.4 n village, hamlet. "gam krsi me so nahr rah'E."-GPs. 5 P (( footsteps, feet. 6 horse's bridle. 7 horse's gait, pacing step by step. CJITHtJT [gamca], il'J'IJ-1tIT [gamci] P n body part ofa horse between its hoof and ankle; pastern; "alap gamci sum bac;lere."--GPs. 'A horse with a short pastern is considered strong.' (JIl}fc") [gaman] See d'Jl"fuo and 0T'?i'. 2 See 0JTHf0. 3 See ri. arHfo [gamanr], 0T'l-lC'l't [gamni], 0T'fi.r0't [gamrni] Skt 0fTfl..r0l adj accompanying. "nahI s5g gamlni."-ram m 5. 0J'Tlfi [gami] Skt W;:r, adj accompanying, moving. 2 having erotic gait. "gJrja kamgami." -c5c;li 2. 'Girija i.e. Parvati with eroticaIly charming gait.' 3 adulterer. "gotamnan umapatI suami, sisdharan sahasbhag gami." -jEt rcwidas. 'Indar developed a hundred signs

0fTi'iT ~

J..(

of the vagina on his body due to his sexual desire; the furious Shiv beheaded Brahma, resulting in the adhesion oflatter's skull firmly to the hand of Shiv. ' ~ [gamu] See 0fTH'. 0JTliT [gay] See CI'J'"fu. 0J1tiI'C(' [gayak] See d'JTfua'. dl'G1Cl,@iij [gayakvar], dl'l1lO(~iS [gayakvarl title of Maharaja of Baroda. This dynasty originated from Damaji Gaykawarh. 'dJ'TGI"3' [gayatl A ~~ adj extreme; absolute; beyond limit. 2 n bank, shore. 3 result. 4 purpose, motive. ~ [gaytril See ~. iI'JTtiIO [gayan] See d'Jl"fuo. :aT"liIU' [cayab] A -.,.:f~ adj out of sight, invisible, lost in meditation. 2 absent. Odi'G1SW [caybanal See ~. 'dJTQ [gar 1n dirt, muddiness. 2 dirt at the bottom of water. 3 arrogance, pride. "man mahI dharte gar."-dev m 5. "maramat kahalau garahu?"-scwEye sri mukhvak m 5. 4 fort, castle, fortress. "kou blkham gar ton:."-asa m 5. 5 abuse, insulting remark. "gar dmhari bolhari c;lari set ko."-BGK. 6 See CJTTl'S'?iT. "gar gar akharab garab."-prrthu. 7 See~. 8 P .J~ pit, ditch. "srsar gar blkar sagar."-kan m 5. 9 cavern, cave, den. 10 P .J( as a suffix, it is suggestive of cause, possession or ability e.g. rozgar, yadgar etc. "gunahgar lu!).harami." -suhi m 5. ~ [garahu] conceited, arrogant. See CJTIij' 3. iI'JTij'C(' [garakl adj destroyer. "ganiman ko garak
hr."-CJkal.
~ [garkil

n destruction, devastation, havoc,

doom's day. "bhayo sama In garki."-GPS. CJTTaOll [gargil Skt 1Jl1ff a damsel of the Garg subcaste, who was a great scholar. She was the aunt ofMatreyi. She remained celibate all her life. Her saga is narrated in Brihdarnyak

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Upnishad. Once she held a discourse on Vedant i" the court of king Janak, which charmed the audience. 2 Durga, goddess. 3 wife of sage Yagyavalak. iJTTa'3' [garat] A ..:.-.Jl~ n act of looting. 2 adj destroyed, devastated, ruined. iJITij(') [garan], 0T'Q7jT [garna] v cause decay. "tanu jau hIvale gan:."-ram namdev. 2 engross. "sat ubar ganiman garE."-akal. 3 unite. "ghasI kGkam cadan gana."-sor kabir. 'The soul merged with Brahma as do saffron and sandalwood. ' CJIT68" [garab] Skt emf n arrogance, vanity. ~ [garabI] adv arrogantly, vainly. "kaItu garabI haQhiE."-var asa. "man, tu garabI atIa."-asa chJt m 3. aJTa"" [garabu] See ~. "cakar lage cakri nale garabu vad."--var asa m 2. ~ [gar-ru] See ~. ~ [garav], ~ [garavu] See~. 2 pride, grandeur, glory. "dhanahI kIa gar~vu dIjE?" -savEye m 4 ke. 3 territory around Girivraj in Bihar. Girivraj (now Rajgrih) was once the capital ofMagadh. "garav des basat hE jaM." -cantr 310. ~[garri], ~ [gararu], ~ [garrul Skt ~ knower of the garur matr. 2 one who treats snakebite. "gurmukhI kOI garru."--var guj 1 m 3. "dasan bIhun bhuyaga matri garuri nIvara."-gatha. 'A snake charmed by holy hymns loses its power to sting.' 3 holy hymns believed to be anti-venom. "garuru gurgIan." -mala a in 1. 4 Skt ~ expertise for treating snake-bites. "'kahl1 bEthkE gararigrath bad:." -janmejay. 'OfT'aT [garal n mud, sludge. 2 abuses. "chohIO mukh te sunIkarI gara."-maru m 5, 0JTfu [gan] See~. 2 by decaying. arrfu>,rr [gana] See 0T'Q7jT. dRfI"[gari] n abuse, name calling. 2 ma1lediction,

curse. "tIS kE kulI lagi gari."~mala m 4, "rarE garur tum sUlJ.ahu." -oJkar. 'Listen to the holy hymn ofGarurh to eradicate the poison of evils (in the form of snakebites). ' ~ [garuriJ See ~. ~ [garE] See 0T'Q7jT. ~ [garh] n small fort. "gun bIkham garh tori."-sar m 5 partal. 2 cave, cavern, dungeon. "bIkham garh karu pahucE nahi."-sar m 5. ~.r, [garhpaty] Skt ~ n who is related to the head of a family. Agni, by which the head of a household discharges obligations relating to ancestors and his day-to-day domestic chores. ~ [gall S n conversation. "sat tere SIU gal galohi."-gau In 5. "sab rEnI samhalahI hangal."-prabha m 4. "koi anI sunaVE han ki hangal."-nQlt m 4. 2 curse. 3 See (ffTffi'iT. 4 See 0TT1'3. ~ [galak] adj who calls names. 2 who destroys. 'iJ1'THO [galan] v cause decay. 2 cause leak, drip. ~ [galab] A "":~~ adjstrong, overpowering. 2 victorious. 3 also used in Punjabi for kalab (a die or cast) "guIIka galab mahI QhalvaI." -GPs. 4 a famous Urdu poet. 5 See ~. ~ [galabh] See ~. ~ [galav] son ofsage Vishvamittar. 2 disciple of Vishvamittar. There is a story in Mahabharat that out of regard for him Galav on completing his education, desired to make an offering to Vishvamittar, who declined to accept the offelr a number of times. Getting irritated on Galav's persistent request, he told him to offer eight hundred white horses having black ears. At this Galav got worried and called his dear friend Garurh (a vehicle of Vishnu) for help. Garurh carried him on his back to king Yayati. Galav requested him for horses.
~ [garur] See~.

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The king told him that he did not have such horses, but his daughter, Madhvi, could fulfil his desire. Galav took Madhvi to king Haryashv and requested him to provide 200 horses in return for a son born from the womb ofMadhvi. After getting a son, Sumana from her, Haryashv returned Madhvi alongwith 200 horses. Then Galav approached king Divodas. He also got a son Pratardan from Madhvi and gave 200 horses to Galav and returned Madhvi. Thereafter Galav presented Madhvi to Ushiner, who also begot a son, Shivi from Madhvi and handed Madhvi back to Galav alongwith 200 horses. When no more horses were available anywhere else, Galav on the advice of Garur handed over 600 horses and offered Madhvi to Vishvamittar in lieu of the remaining 200 horses. Vishvamittar got a son named Ashtak from Madhvi. Ultimately Galav returned Madhvi to king Yayati. "gal;w adI anat munIsar brahmhu te nahI jat ganaye."-ddtt. ~[galfi] adjtalkative, gossip monger. 2 n a village in tehsil Gurdaspur, which has a holy place in memory ofBaba Sri Chand. CJT1"l?1"fu [gaIn] See ~(!T. "Ik phIka na galaI."-s fdrid. 'do not indulge in fake talk.' dl'wFee [galaIO] uttered, spoke. See ~. "kIa galaIo bhuch."-var maru 2 m 5. See
~.

arrfi5" [gaII],

[gali] adv by causing to decompose, by decaying. "hIVE gaii gaii tanu chijE."-kdlI d m 4. 2 n talk, conversation. "bfddk galI sUl)i."-asa m 5. "gali bIa vIkar, nanak dhal)i vIhul)ia."-var gdU 2 m 5. "nanak gali kUfia bajh paritI kareI."-var VdQ m 1. 3 plural of gall. "se gali rab kia."-s fdrid. 4 (third declension); merely by talking. "gali harInihu na hOI."-toQi m 5. 5 Skt n abuse, name-calling, curse. "jo bemukh gobfd

orrm

te pIare, tInI kulI lagE gaII."-sor d m 5. 6 infamy, blemish, blot on one's reputation. "tere kulahI na lagE gaii jio."-majh d m 5. ~ [galh] Skt 1j(Y(1 n cheek. ~ atIW [galh bajana], 0llC3 HTQ7iT [galh marna] v talk nonsense. 2 boast. "avat hE cale galh bajavat."-knsdn. 3 bleat like a male goat (by putting thumb in the mouth) in Shiv temple. Realising the insult heaped upon her husband Shiv, Sati got herself burnt in the oblation perfomed by her father Daksh. Virbhadhara, the disciple of Shiv, disrupted the oblation by beheading Daksh. Shiv pardoned his fatherin-law Daksh and fixed the head of a he-goat on his beheaded body, thus bringing him back to life. Shiv was very much pleased to hear the bleating sound produced by Daksh. Since then, the dvotees have been producing bleating sound to please Shiv. ~ [gay] singing. "gav leh."-asa m 5. 2 Skt ~: (plural offirst declension): "gav sab ani." -ndrav. 3 village. "bIkhEbIadhI ke gay mahI basu."-ram m 5.4 P /t' ox. "amIt gay lavgan ke bhare."-ddtt. countless carts laden with cloves. ~[gav] n village. ~[gavasI], ~[gavsi] will sing. 2 singing, reciting. ~ [gavahI] sings. 2 (they) sing. "gavahI isaru barma devi. "-jdPU. ~ [gavhi] sings. 2 (they) sing. ~ [gaval)] See 0'T"fu0. dl'<e<!cl'd' [gaval)hara] adj singer. "kete gaval)hare. "-jdpU. 'd'JT'<e'<!T [gavl)a] See 0'T"fu0. 2 adj worth singing worthy of chanting. "rEl)I dInasu parbhatI tUhE hi gavl)a."-var sor m 4. ~ [gaval)I] n musicology. 2 recitation of holy hymns. "gaVal)I gavahI jInI namu PIaru."-gdU m 3.3 See ~.

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~

1027

[gavClt] adv while singing. "gav2l t SUI).Clt sClbhe hi mukte."-majh m 5. ~ '3Ciit>w [gay takia], ~ ~ [gay takiyah] p ~( n big pillow, bolster (used as support for sitting). ~ [gavan] n singing. dli'ilo~Ji\'J1 [gavanhara] singer. orrWo [gavanI] (they) sing. "gavClnI P;}QIt pClrClnI rClkhisClr."-japu. 2 See~. [gavni] See ~. 2 n traditional way of singing. "gavni niki."-mClla m 5. ~ [gavno] n singing. 2 adj singer, chanter. "koi ramnam gun gavno, jCln nanClk tJ:su pClg lavno."-brla ill 4 pClrtal. iII"W[gavClrl P .1,( atheist, infidel. "urCljhIrahIO re bavar gavClr."-gClu m 5. 2 See ~'. 3 See

arm

~.

n village. "baCaJ:lClyo gavra."-krrsCln. ~ [gaval See ~ '3Ciit>w. 2 village. "dehi gava jiudhClrmClhItClu."-marukClbir. 'Human body is a village while the soul is its land owner.' 3 Skt ~ adj pertaining to the cow. of the cow. "gava gobClr lehu m;}gaI."-cc:JrTtr 370. 4 (I) sing. "jClb dekha tClb gava."-SOl' namdev. dl''il'fl::' [gavaIda] makes one chant. "ape gUIJ. gavaIda."-sor m 4. ~ [gavail got sung. 2 act of slinging. 3 remuneration for singing. 4 4Skt 1l~ got missing, got wiped out. ~ [gavae] got sung. 2 lost, wasted, "hClIClt pClIClt dOVE gavae."-majh Cl m 3.. ~ [gavaha] gets sung. "guIJ. gurmukhI gavaha."-majh m 5. 2 worth singing. ~ [gavadha] sang. 2 got sung. ~ [gavar], iJTT~ [gavaru] See OT~TQ. "kac'a dhClnu S;}CClhI murakh gavar."-dhClna m3. ~ [gavavClhI 1 gets one to sing. 2 loses, wastes. 3 (they) lose or waste. "dharmi

~ [gavral, ~ [gavral

dhClrClm kClfClhI gavavClhI."-var asa. 2 adv has been sung. "sClhje gavIa thaI PClvE."-sri Cl m 3, ~ [gaVIs] n perched upon the ox, the earth. -SClnama, dl'f<;j;HfeH [gavIs-Is] lord of the earth-the king. -SClnama. See orf~H. dl'f<;j;HfsHa1 [gavIS-ISIJ.i] king-the lord of the earth, his army.-SClnama. See ~. ~ [gavie], ~ [gaviE] let us sing. ~ [gavijE] should sing, let us sing. ~[gavita] sang. "hClrIgUIJ. gavita."-varram 1 m 3. (J[T;f [gar] Skt ~ adj more, a lot. "IClgE pap gar;}."-jClnmejCly. 2 n a construct, i.e. a composition (poetry) "pClrClt pClrClt thClke mClhakavI gClrClt gar Clnat."-Clkal. 3 trouble, distress. "gar pClri gClj pE jClb hi."-krrsCln. 4 encounter, scuffle. "gar pClri Ih bhat tClha." -cClrrtr 116. 5 knar, knurl, burl. "SClt garCln ko bClI jo nClr kClr mE dharE."-cClrrtr 174. 'who holds a lance having hundred knars in his hand.' 6 a subcaste of Pathans, which is a branch of Orkazais. 7 a hillock comprising tiny stones. 8 salt crushed into minute pieces. 'dJ'I;P' [gara] adj dense, thick. 2 strong, firm, determined. 3 Fa hybrid, which is not from a pure race. 4 adulterer. "apI sCltvata apI gara."-maru solhe m 5. 5 See (J]"T;I. ~ [garu] a devotee belonging to Vijj subcaste, who became a true patriot on turning a devotee of Guru Arjan Dev. fdr[gI] a verbal suffix indicating the future tense e.g. will come. "avClgI agIa parbraham ki." -asa m 5. 2 See :aft. faJ>,{r [gIa] adj went. 2 disappeared, ceased. 3 See 0TlifT. 'fcJrlWH' [gIas] n eleventh day ofthe lunar phase. "brClhmCln gI as karCllu cClubisa."-prClbha kClbir. 'Brahmins keep fast on every Ekadshi (i.e.
~ [gavIal sung.

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eleventh day of the lunar phase).' 2 Skt ~I close relative, collateral. 3 See 0ftilTJ1. far>,rr)ftfto [gIasuddin] See (JJl:ilTIJ"tfto. ~ [gIat] Skt ~ adj known famrror [gIata] Skt ~ adj who knows; the learned one. 2 to the body. "kIa jaii bono gIata?"-gau kabir. 'What is the purpose of a dip in water?' 'famr3t [gIati] Skt ~ n a relative of the same subcaste; coming from the same ancestry. faJ>,{to [pan] Skt ~ knowledge, learning, intelligence, understanding. '\'}tan gIan na aIO mntaku hE sasar."-var sri m 3. 2 the Transcendent One - i.e. who is knowledge incarnate. ~[gIan-ajan],~ [gIan-ajanul n spiritual insight, collyrium like spiritual insight. "gIan-ajanu gun dia, agIan adheru bInas."-sukhmani. ~ [gIan-idri] See ~. "gur gIanfdri dnrta."-g3c;f namdev. ~ [gIanhil).], ~ [gIanhinl adj devoid of knowledge, ignorant. "gIanhil).a agIanI puja."-s;wa m 1. ~ii' [ gIankhaql n stage of spiritual knowledge, state ofselfrealization. "gIankhaq mahI gIanu parcaqu."-japu. 2 dIJli(,)O(i$. ~ [gIanmati] adj who has intellect guided by true knowledge. "gIanmati pachata he."-maru solhe m 3. ~ [gIanraul, ~ [gIanraI] n the Transcendent One-Master of all knowledge; from whom emanates all knowledge. "gIanrau jab sejE ave."-asa m 1. ~ [gIanvat] adj intellectual. "gIanvat kau tatuvicar."-gau bavan kabir.
ISanskrit
~

is formed by the union of;:r and

~.

That is

why it acquires the shape;!f in Punjabi. It is difficult to popularise it because at places it is written as"iJTj[ in the changed form.

adj who is knowledgeable; scholarly. "apu bicare su gIani hOI."-gaum 1. "bhE kahu kau detnahI, nahI bhE manat an. kahu nanak sun re mana, gIani tahI bakhan."-s m 9. 2 See ilT.iP'?l1. ~[gIarasI] n eleventh day of the lunar phase, Ekadashi. ~ [gIarahl eleven. "gIarah mas pas ke rakhe."-prabha kabir. ~~fi::l1:f[gIarahgera sIkkh] instruction to utter the holy hymn consecutively for eleven times. "gIarahI gera SIkkh SUl).I gur sIkh IE gursIkkh sadaya."-BG. There was a ritual prevalent before the creation of the Khalsa that a person was instructed to utter ~ ~ consecutively for eleven times while being baptised a Sikh. 2 Some scholars are of the opinion that this instruction implies Mool Mantar i.e. from 9{;'0 QT01:fwR, which has eleven adjectives to define the Creator. ~ [gIaral See~. ~ ~ [gIara $IV], ~ 9'i [gIara rudrl See SR'. ~ [gIarkil n dense bush. 2 cave, cavern. farRG [gIsatl Skt ~ stretched hand, span, one fourth of a yard. "kIte qeqh gIste." -janmejay. fd'ia'R;5t[gfglil n Durga-havingthe sign ofthe moon on her forehead. "gigli higli pfg1a."-paras. 'farnt [gIccil n back of the neck. fam'r [gIjal A ,;; n diet, food, meals. ~ [gIzaf] See ~. , ~ [gIjhl).al, f'dr57>r [gIjhnal v get used to, become addicted to, long for. See farqr. "sadh knpaii han sagI gIjhaIa."-majh ill 5. farG'cr [gItakl n endocarp, stone of fruit. "badrip hal ki g I tak baqeri. "--GPS. fakr [gItta] Skt ~ ankle. ftno [gIth] See fan::rc. fcmr [gIql Skt f'ol'c n mucus or viscid matter

~ [gIanil Skt ~TR;:r"

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code. 3 adj suffering from; "rog-gIrasat cItare nau."-gdum 5. 'He meditates who is gripped by the Divine.' fdldRfa [gIrasatI], foRn:r3T [gnasti], ~ See~. [gnasatu] Skt 'lffi~R, householder, person ~ [gIDna] See '(l'f<!('jT. fdre [gfd] Skt ~ n ball made oftightly packed leading a domestic life. "gnasti gnasatI dharmata."-sri d m 5. 2 second stage of life yarn or rags. "jamuna ke kulI khelu kheIIo according to Hindu code. See fa"Rmo. "tajE jIn gfd jiO."-sdveye m 4 ke. gIrasatu bhaIa banvasi."-brla d m 4. fcJre;r[gIdar], ~[gIdua] njackal. See ;:JfteQ. fdrau [gIrah] Skt ~ n house, dwelling place. "gIdua masanbas karyoi karat h'E."-dkal. 2 second stage of life according to Hindu code. ~ [gfdua] See f'a\'e". "VIce gIrah udas."-var sar m 4. 3 P ~) knot, ~ [gfd;)ra] See ~. knar. "gIrha seti malu dhanu."-jdpU. ~ [gIddar] See~. "mohmagan laptIo bhramgIrah."-ram m 5.4 rdTesell:f [gIddardakh] See ~. fdfq [gfdh] n elephant. 2 mythical elephants. measure equal to three fingers (l/16 th of a yard). 5 See <l]tT. "g;'}gkat gfdh." -ddtt. 'Elephants trumpet. ' fd1tr" [gIdha] addicted, accustomed, tantalised. fdra'ijT [gIrha] See ftrRf(J 2 and fa"rfatp-. Skt'll:":L vr long for, desire. gIdha and gndh fdra"m [grrhi] Skt ~ adj householder. "Ihu manu grrhi kI Ihu manu udasi?"-mdla m 3. are derived from it. "suna de tan laia gosat gIdhia."-caQi 3. 2 S bought, purchased. 2 within the home, in the house. "grrhi mahI sada han jan udasi."-sor m 3. 3 Skt rhythm of a song; clapping during its singing. 4 onoln gIt-gIt sound. fdrasr [gIrahu] Skt~ n home, house. "ekgIrahu fdl'tr [gIddh] Skt 'If{n vulture, which is fond of das duar hE jake."-brla d m 4. 2 adj householder, one living with the family. "IS carrion. It has red-coloured head, black wings, curved and sharp beak. Its eyesight is very bhekhE thavahugnahu bhala jIthahu ko varsa I."-var VCJQf ill 3. sharp and can see a carcass while flying from a great distance. A vulture does not prey by faJaclTG [gIrgat], "fuTofa1z [grrgIt] n large-sized itself, but eats only carrion. See~. lizard, chameleon. fdro<!r [gInDa] See '(l'f<!('jT. fcJr6Hr [grrja] Pg fEfdjfAGl' n Christian place of fdro3t [gInti] See cnBT. 2 worry, anxiety. worship; church. 2. home, house, dwelling place. 3 See fdrfuRr. ~ [gIbDa], f'a'rao1" [gIbna] v feel proud of. ~ [gIrajh] See fafu. "dehi gIrjhan khai." 2 boast. fcnw [gIbar] See ormr. -dhcma namdev. faro [gn] See fon;>. 2 See fdrfu. 3 Skt ~ fdra<!' [gIraD] Skt n act of swallowing. farec!r [gIrDa] v fall, get apostate. "gIrat kup sentence, speech. fdra"R3' [gIrasat] Skt ~T adj householder, a mahI khahI mIthai."-asa m 5. 2 See ~. family man. "nam vasIa jIsu i'ltan parvaD "fdra\:[gIrad] P >.1 part surrounding, all around. gnasat udasa jio."-majh m 5. 'That householder 2 n encirclement. "padrahI pahIr gIrad tfh kio."-VN. is an ascetic who is in tune with the Creator.' rdlde()il,;i [gIrdn;wa], fdlde(')~ldl [gIrdnavara], 2 n second stage of life according to Hindu formed in the sore eye. 2 fall, decline, sense offailing. faJa [gIl).at], far8t [gIDti] See '(j'J8 and cnBT.

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farf'a"uT

FdldeO~i(J [guadnuvah] P vI})) surrounding area. "janat gudnava Ih sara."-GPS. "huJ:l lIkhghallovalrajIajogudnavara."-jagnama. 'faretrr [grrda] P ~)) n circumference, encirclement. "guda karkE tIh ko tIstEya." -krrsan. 2 surrounding area. "lavpur ko guda sabh mIle."-GPS. 3 hem, border, frill. (of a cloth) "guda vastra varaJ:l var nana."-GPS. 4 round pillow, bolster. fdlde10 [grrdan] P c)lJ) n encirclement, blockade. ~ [gudab] P ",:",lJ! n whirlpool, swirl,
~~

fcrretJ;r [guas] Skt qpFf n bite; morsel. "bIkhu

khana bIkhu pEnJ:la bIkhu ke mukhI guas." -var vaq m 3. 2 livelihood, daily meals. 3 swallowing, gulping. "saSI kino sur guasa." -ram kabir. 'Poised in the tenth opening, the moon, has gulped the sun, the absorber ofnectar, whose abode is in the navel.' This is a beliefof Yog. 4 Goodness made evil vanish away. fara"rJ:ft [grrasi] n a bite, morsel. 2 gulped, absorbed. fara'rJ.J [grrasu] n bite; morsel. 2 livelihood, sustenance. "ape deI grrasu."-var gau 1
m~

.nt) n surveyor; ~ [guah] See ~. "paradae na guah revenue official who surveys crops. jar."-var majh m 1. 'Birds have no wealth.' fcIra"qa- [gudhar] See ~. 2 a bite; morsel, mouthful. 3 livelihood, daily fdldQ1a'i [grrdhari] See fdlfaQ'a'i. 2 a bania meals. "jIU jIU sace bhavE tIU tIU deI guah." disciple ofGuru Amar Dev, who always spoke -var majh m 1. the truth anc~ was a great scholar. faraTy [guahu] n a bite, morsel. "tije muhi fareor [guna] v fall, decline. 2 See fa'ra<!". guahu."-var majh m 1. fdraora" [gunar] See FdIFao'd. fararor [guana] See Fdldl1~i. FdldCi:5ij [guaphtahl P ;:;.1 caught, siezed, held. fornro't [grrani] n flatulence, dyspepsia, "mam sarmUI ajrail guaphtah."-tI1Jg m 1. indigestion. 2 P JI) 3 deficiency, loss. ~ [gIrvar] See ~. ~ [guapatI], ~ [guapItu] Brahma, ~ [guvil P adj mortgaged. Chaturanan. In Purans, Brahma is regarded faRp- [gua] See faRru. 2 Skt n poetic work, as both the husband and father of Sarasvati. sacred text. 3 tongue, speech. 4 Sarasvati- 'farara' [guab] See ~. 2 See 0RPtf. goddess of knowledge. faRrH [guam] n village, town. "phuaIo deh ~ [grral See cm:r+. 2 P (.)1.1 adj heavy, guama."-sar m 5.2 See O,PH. weighty. 3 costly. 4 precious. faraTwl:;ru [grramayahl P ~LJIJ adj very ~ [guau] n fall; decline. 2 hamlet, village. precious, highly valuable. "ona ghar na guau."-sri a m 3. "vutha ghughI furarJ.ft [guami] P <1'.1 adjvenerable and elderly guau jiu."-sri m 5 pEpaI. person. ~ [guaG] n hamlet village, town. 2 body, 'furfu[gIrI[ Skt n mountain, hill. "guI basudha physique. jal pavan jaIgo."-sar m 5.2 a sect ofDasnami ~C!T [grrauJ:la] v make (it) fall, to fell. ascetics whose names end with gIrI. See 2 defeat (in wrestling). ~~. fcJra'tfu[guaI] n village, town. "sacEk~tI guaI Fdlfaljd ' [gIrISuta] n Parvati, known as the nIjgharI vaSIa."-var majh m 2. 2 body, daughter of Himalaya (mountain). physique. faffimr [gInhal See ftnmp-. 2 Skt Indar; who,

fdldel~d [grrdavar] P

u,)

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with a thunderbolt, shatters mountains to pieces. 3 thunderbolt. farfutrr [gnIja] n Parvati, daughter of Himalaya mountain. "bEth tabE gUIja am devan buddhI IhE man maddh vIcari."-c;')qi 1. 2 river Ganga, daughter ofHimalaya mOllnltain. "gaga gUIja prItham kahx putr sabad pun dehu."-s,mama. fdlfaMjd [gIrIjasut], fdlfati'()t'!(') [gIrIjanadan] Ganesh, Parvati's son. 2 Kartekey, Kharanan. 3 Bhisham, son of Ganga.-s,mama. fdlfdtiic.mr [gInjapatI] Shiv, husband of Parvati. ~ [gIrIjaputr] See falf<3ti '1j3. 2 Bhisham Pitamah, according to Sastarnammala, is son of Ganga (Girija). See faTfuRr 2. famft! [gufd] See ~. fdlfdQij [gIrIdhar], fdlfaQ 1a1 [gn:cdhari] Krishan, who lifted Goverdhan hills. There is a story in Bhagwat that milkmen used to worship Indar every year. Krishan stopped them from doing so. At this, Indar ordered the clouds to rain heavily and wash away alii the villages and animals belonging to the milkmen. When Krishan saw the milkmen in distress and their houses inundated with water, ht': lifted Goverdhan hills on his finger like an umbrella, thus saving them from Indar's wrath. 2 the Creator, who supports all the mountains. 3 See falfaQId] 'W'l? 4 a poet of nineteenth century, whose real name was Haridas. This melancholy sage was indifferent to wordly attachments anel was a great scholar too. The poetic stanzas Giridhar wrote in kUQlie metre are very beautifulsai gIrIdhar gIrI dharyo gIrIdhar kahI sabhkoI. hanuman gIrIVar dharyo gIrIdhar kahE na koI. gIrIdhar kahE na kOI

hanu drol).ag:CrI Iyayo. tate kanka guyo sou IE krI~an uthayo. kahI gIrIdhar kavuay vaQIn ki yahi vaQai. thore hl1 jas hot vaQe purkhan ko sai. bIna VIcare jo kare so pache pachtaI. kam bIgare apno jag me hot hasaI. jag me hot hasay CIn me CEn na ave. khan pan sanman rag rag manahI na bhave. kahI gIrIdhar kavnay dukkhkachu taratna tare. khatkat hE jIy mahI kIyO jo bIna VIcare. fdlfaQiJl 'W'l? [gIrIdhari IaI] a poet from Agra, who remained withthe tenth Guru for a very long time. The Pingalsar written by him is an excellent work on prosody. "~rI satIguru gubfdsfgh mir pir sukhmaQ. raj madhy gIrIdhar karyo pfgalsar akhaQ." -pfgalsar. fdlfa(')'Hf(') [gIrInasanI] the river that corrodes the mountains.-s,mama. fdlfa(')iHf(')t.rfo ~ [g:[rInaSanIpatI sastra] n noose; river that corrodes the mountains, its lord Varun; his weapon, the noose.-s,mama. fdlfaC'liij [gIrInar] Skt ftnfa(')dlij a mountain about 3500 feet high, situated near Junagarh in Bombay presidency on which stand holy temples of Jainis as well as those of Durga Gorakh, Kalika and Dattatrey. While salvaging humanity Guru Nanak Dev also visited it. fdlfalildC'l [gIrIftanl See dlra.G3('). fdTfa'Hg [gIrImeru] See Hgf'arfa". fdlfaijire [guuaI], fdlfaij'H [guuaj] king of mountains, Himalaya. 2 Sumeru. ~ [gIrIVar] a mountain all covered with trees and greenery. 2 Himalay. 3 Sumeru. 4 cloud. "jau tum gIrIVar, tau ham mora."-sor ravidas.

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fdRit [grri] See forfu. 2 a mountain stream

flowing near Paonta. "bdhE nddi Ik nam gui hE. dISI duje rdVIsuta qhdri hE."-GPS. 3 There are a number of other mountain streams with this name. One flows between Shimla and Chail. 4 kernel, inner seed. S resident ofhills, hillman. faRil>w [grria] P -:J: weeping, wailing, crying. "subh dmla till bIgEr guia kdrde hdn."-JSBM f<m:fh,rt [grria] P U~J: weeping, wailing. 2 mawkish, maudlin. faRib1 [grris] Skt fa'RftF.r lord of mountains, king ofa hill state. 2 Shiv, who is the lord ofKailash. "brdhma bISdnu bIhin grrisa."-NP. 3 king of mountains, Himalaya. 4 Sumeru. fdIJlH::s(') [guisdtdn] P if'-.1 v weep, wail. 'fc!Rft'tI [guldrd] faTfu-~. See faRfh::r. fdIJl'i!I(') [grrivan], 'fa'Rfaro [grrebanl, fuRt~ [guevan] P u~.1 n collar of a shirt, coat etc. "apdnre guivan mdhI su niva kdn dekhu." -s farid. 'Look within to realise your own flaws instead offinding faults with others.' 2 has also been used for girvaI). (deity, god). "guivanvaca dtI gai."-GPS. 'The language of gods (i.e. Sanskrit) is very difficult to understand.' fdra" [guo] P ,.I adj mortgage, mortgaged. fcJRhr [guat] falls, declines. "gnat grrI PdtIt patala."-sahas m 5. fdra1:!r [grrada] adj one who pulls down, one who defeats. "galdb grrada."-gyan. 2 See
~.

fdlaa1dj [grrabari] gUI (mountain) and ban

(water) land and water. "gIrabari Vdq sahIbi."-sri m 5. 'reign over the earth and the ocean.' 2 P vli.l garland, rosary. [gIl] Skt fm1. vr- swallow, gulp. See ~ m.2 adjwho swallows. 3 P 11 soil. 4 mud. fdll"SijJl [gIlduri] See~. 2 See~. ~ [gIlhdri] 11 squirrel. ~[gIlzdi], fcJrffi:r"[gIlza] a branch of Mati

Pathans. Its Pashto pronunciation is Gdlezi. "kabul ke gIljE jm bhf'."-GPs. ftmi50 [gIldn] Skt foRre 11 swallowing. 2 See farn" vr. farIDr [gIldm] P 11 woollen carpet. "gIlam gdlice phdrds bISala."-GPS. f.im;n.rro [GIlman] A (;J~ plural of Gulam; used especially for the youth in Paradise, who will be at the service of mamIl1S (pious Muslims). See ~ 1..f1OT 27, JJ03" ~ 52, ~ I. fcJrl;sr [gIla] P ,.t 11 grouse, friendly complaint. "kdro nd gIla sundt IS bm."-NP. 2 a grape parted from its bunch. 3 a path between two mountains; a mountain pass. 4 See faTw. fa!wt;::s" [plajdt] A ..:;.J;~ sense of being fat; flabbiness, denseness. 2 dirt, filth. furHrn [gIlan], f'a1wfo [gIlam] See omrfo. "gdi gIlanI sadh kE sagI."-ram m 5. ~ [GIlaf] A ..J~ 11 curtain. 2 covering, cover-cloth. fdJfi;n::s [gIlIsdt] spread hand, span. See fan::rc. "sava gIlIsdt prdman ki cati su kes."-GPs. fdrfi;fur [gIlfda] adj who swallows. See farn". fcm;ft [pli] adj wet, moist. "gIli gIli roqri." -var maru 2 m 5. 'moistened lump ofjaggery.' made of earth; 2 swallowed. See f'oR;). 3 P mortal. m [gIla] See ~. ~ [gIlat] Skt ~ a wild root of potato family. Its creeper spreads over the shrubs. Its leaves are sour in taste. A white-coloured round potato grows in its roots, which is used for eating. ~ [plaIa] pellet of wet earth; an earthen ball; pellet or ball used as a missile with a sling shot. 2 See 'il'5w. farffift [gIbri] See ~. 2 See ~. ~ [gIlhdr] 11 goitre, a disease which causes enlargement of thyroid glal)ds resulting in swelling the front of the throat. ;y. This

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of time. disease is more prevalent in hilly arem: where water is highly contaminated with lime 'fal'1 [gIlla] adj wetted, wet, moist, damp. elements. The swollen flesh near the throat fdl;:lfdl;:l'ijC!, [prgIraUl)a], fdlafdli'3'(j' [gIrgIrana] v entreat abjectly; speak with a great deal of takes the shape of a tumour. For treatment submissiveness; speak obsequiously. one should live in an area free from goitre. Boiled and filtered water should be used. Paste 'fasoT [prna] v fall, go round. of ground seeds of brown hemp (a kind of ~ [gIrvar] See~. "gacu jI laga gIrvari sakhie dhaulhari."-sdva m 1. 'huge palaces jute) in warm water should be applied on the constructed with mortar of lime. ' affected part. The paste prepared by pulverising ~ [gIrvari] See~. 2 a village in district the roots ofbutea frondosa in viscous rice water Hoshiarpur. See ~ mUf 6. and 3"QT fifur 2. should be applied on the goitre. Fine powder of barberry and borax on a cut piece of aloe ~ [gIrau], faT;pfu [gIraI] n fall, decline. "sukh bhogke gIrau mIlda hE."-JSBM should be sprinkled and then bandaged on the farf;njfir [gIpmup] adv by falling on the affected part of the body. One masha of powder made from the ground and by whirling around. "gIrImurI mixture of gIlharpatarl and black pepper be purahI tal."-var asa. 2 repeatedly. taken with water in the morning as well as in aft [gi]~eminine oforr [gal. e.g. ~ [javegi], ~ [avegil. 2 Skt n sacred text, poetic work. the evening regularly. tarM' [gIll] n moisture, wetness. 2 a subcaste 3 Sarasvati. of Jatts. 3 Many villages of this name are oft'[gio] went, disappeared, departed. "tap satap mera bEr gio."--asa 171 5. inhabited by people of the Gill subcaste. See aft>,r [gIa] Skt Tt1:f adj praiseworthy, worthfa'h.r aw. tarM' ~ [gIll kaHi] a village in district Phool of singing. 2 n song. "Ikna nad na bed, na gia Nabha state which is situated one and a half rasu, ras kas na jal)atI." -val' sal' m 1. 'Some mile to the east of Rampura Phool railway people who do not have knowledge ofVeds, station. Guru Hargobind visited this place. An lack aesthetic sense of music and significance of diet as denoted in the Vedic elegant gurdwara was got built by Maharaja lore.' Hira Singh. Land measuring 70 ghumaons is allotted to the gurdwara. A relligious iIftnRn:r [gIaras] See aft>,r. congregation is held on the seventh day of aiPw [gia] a poetic metre, which is the first form bright phase ofthe lunar month ofPoh as well of hangitIka. See dfdd~f::SCi(l and ~ 2. as on the first day of Magh every ye:ar.. The afmfo [giham] Skt ~ houswife, wife. "ghar ki gihanI cagi."-dhdna dhJna. priest is a Sikh. tarM' ~ tarM' 'fi.R;sit [gIll nal gIll mIl:t:ti] Such [giga] Dg infant baby, ignorant. 2 simpleon; continuous rainfall as causes dampness to who cannot utter words distinctly. [gic;l] See 'fa"rn". "gic;l bahIt jIh pIkhat percolate deep to the existing water level. This gIlana."-NP dampness is very useful for cultivation ofcrops and for prevention ofdraughts for long periods afl3" [git] Skt n verse which is worth singing. "gIan vIhul)a gaVE git. "-var sal' m 1. 2 glory, lIt is the leafofa plant, grown on the banks ofsalin(~ lakes grandeur. 3 he, who should be glorified. in Tibet.

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in Mahabharat, which has 18 chapters and in praise of the Almighty; recitation of the 700 sloks. Krishan delivered the sermon of supremacy ofthe Creator. "sahia magal gavhi Geeta to Arjun, when the latter got disinclined gitgobfd a1aI."-barahmaha majh. 2 a text to fight the war. The site, where Krishan and written in verse by Jaydev in praise of the Arjun had this dialogue, is named as Jyotisar. Divine. Its beautiful poetic metres are lyrical An elegant Geeta Bhawan is built at this place and melodious. See~. now. 4 a matrIk metre, marked by four lines, aRai')ie [gitnad], ~ [gitbad] vocal and each having 26 matras, first pause after 14 instrumental music. "gitnad harakh caturai." matras, second after 12 matras with guru-prabha m 1. "gur-rasu git bad nahf bhavE 1aghu (51) in the end. SUI).iE, gahrrgabhir gavaI a."-oJkar. 'He, who Example: does not relish the enthralling and captivating moti ta madarI usarahI, ratni ta hOI jarau. recitation and music of Gurbani, remains kasturI kugu agar cadanI, lipI avahI cau. deprived ofspiritual bliss.' -sri m 1. ~ [gitmaIIti] a poetic metre, havingyak araj guphtam pes to, dar gos kun kartar. four lines; each line has 28 matras, two pauses hakka kabir karim tu, be-Eb parvadgar. each after 14th matras each; with a ragaI)., SIS, -tIIJgm 1. at the end. (b) The second type of Gita poetic metre of Example: has two pauses: each after 13 matras with pachrraj ravan markE, guru-1aghu, 51, at the end. raghuraj sitahI 1Egayo. Example: nabh or khor nIharkE, sevf satI guru apI).a, harI sImri dIn sabhI rEI).. su jatayu SIY sades dayo. tab jan ram gaye bali, ap tIagI 1 sarI).i pava, SIY saty ravan hi hari. mukhI bo1i mIthre VEI).... hanuvat marag rno mIle, -majh m 5 dInrqlI. tab mItrata tIh s6 kari.-ramav. ~ [gitamaIIti] See ~. 2 If the first pause is on the 16 th matra and the criffir [gitI] Skt n singing. 2 type of singing, second on the next 12th followed by a ragaI)., method ofsinging. SIS, in the end, the poetic metre acquires the ~ [gitIka] a matrIk metre, marked by four name of~ [giyamalti]. lines, each line having 26 matras, pauses at Example: the 14 th matra and the next 12 th matra guru ka1pataru kar ~akh sudar, thereafter, ending with 1aghu-guru. phu1 pha1 yut sobhti. Example: "das cakhu bhe kumud ke sam, &d ~ri ka1gidhara." chabI 1aIIt 1ahI 1ahI 1akhat jIh jag, amar hll brItI lobhti. ... 2 Its second form has four lines, each line having 25 matras, with two pauses, first after -nITma] prabhakCJr. aflaT [gita] n song, poetic metre, verse. 2 glory. the 14th matra and second at the 11 th matra "gUI). gita nIt vakhaI).ia."-maru am 5 Jjuli. I According to the metrical requirement. its pronunciation See oft3'. 3 a text relating to Bhisham section is tyagI.

aRadlfae [gitgobfd], af13alf.fe [gitgovfd] verse

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thereafter, ha ving Idghu guru at the end. Example: pdnnadI purdkh mdnopIm~, SdtIadI I bhavrdQ, pdrmddbhut~ pdrkrItIpdr~, jddI cit sdrdbgdt~. -gujjrdev. 3 Geetika gdI). metre has the following characteristics: four lines, each line has the following matrIk combinations as: 'R" (SdgdI).-115), 11 (jdgdI).-151), 11 (jdgdQ.-ISI), er (bhdgdI).-511), Q (rdgdI).-515), 'R" (sdgdl~-115), C? (ldghu- I), or (guru-5) Example: jIn ke rIde sumti nIvasdt so kdbhi dukh pat na. jIn hE rati guru ki gIra ndhf so sdhE Ydmyatna. It resembles the first form of hdrIgitIka as far as matras are concerned, but the matrIk combination dominates this poetic metre. afte'a'[giddr], CJite;r[giddr] whose howR ,is scary; jackal. 2 cowardly, timid. i1fttfHgidi] P rJ.J:! cowardly, timid. "db gid:[ jano ndhI pavE."- GPs. aftq [gidh] See fuj'q. 2 greedy, desirous. See faTqr. "nam S~gI Ihu mdnua gidh."-g5cj 1Tl 5. afttror [gidhna] v desire, long for. See ~ vr. "nandk gidha hdrIrdS mahI."--asa ill 5. "rdsna gidhi boldt ram. "-gdU ill 5. "ram rdsa I XlI jo ndr gidhe."-g~}uill 5. afItrr [gidha], orrq [gidhe] See ~. afto [gin] P part complete, filled up:, having. This is generally used as a suffix e.g. Gdmgin, ragin etc. CIita3' [gibdt] A .:;.,j n backbiting, nasty words spoken on one's back. 2 condemnation, slander. ~ [giyamaIIti] See ~ 2. i!ftQ[gir] P part possessor. This word is used

as a suffix e.g. damdngir, jdhagir etc. "kdS nes ddstagir."-tIl.;ig ill 1. 2 Skt n speech, utterance. ~ [girbaI).], ~ [girvaI).] Skt T\lqfrrr none whose speech hits like an arrow; one making acutely piercing utterance. The gods, whose utterances acts like arrows, can destroy the sinner. 2 the True One, who with His utterances leaves lasting impact upon the mind. Seemmrm~~157. afta"ilic!f.1 [girvaI).e$l ~ - Eta- i.e. lord ofdeities, Indar. ~ [girvan] See ~I(!'. aftat [giri] P rJ;! act of grasping. It is used as a suffix. e.g. ddstgiri. Its root is dlfl'l.'B('). 'dfuft!r [girada] P D.tj' adj customer, purchaser, holder. 'ilitl [gila] adj wet, moist. afuo [gilan] P a region 2 of Persia known for its well bred horses. QT [gu] Skt vr defecate. 2 speak in a manner, that its meaning can not be understood; talk obscure. 3 suffix gu indicates future tense in old Punjabi. See~. QJlW [gua] See ~. 2 short for gdvah. 3 P -:.-/ ball. "mat kunem jI jag guahdm."-krIsan. 'the game of war, which is primary.' See ifar
~.

[guau] n speech, utterance, words. See

See~.

clT. "eVE kdrE guau."-var lTIala lTI 2.

~
~ [guai]

[guauI).a] v lose. 2 cause to sing. is sung. "ghdrI ghdrI baba pUjiE, hfdu musdlman guai."-BG. 2 lost. 3 P JL/ n power of eloquence and dialogue. qpwu [guah] See ~. QJbI"mf [guahdm] -atcn-l1ftJH "mat kunem jI jag guahdm."-krrsan. 'Let us win the war that the game of playing with ball stands for.' See
ifar~.

'According to the metrical requirement, its pronounciation is sCltyadI.

2It is between Caspian and Euxine.

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[guata] lost, wasted away. 4 private parts-vulva, anus, penis. ~ [gua badar] See citnfr '8"eo. "gua hadar ~[guhan], QJU?iT[guhna] Skt~ n plaiting, Ik rahIt nnpala."-c;:,rItr 239. braiding. ~ [guar] See 0lW0. 2 milkman. "ham goru QJ1TGI' [guhay] See QJUil and -qrwr. tum guar gusai."-asa k;:,bir. qrmr [guhar] P . / short for b, pearl. See ~ [gual] milkman. o:ra". ~ [gualam], ~ [gualni] milkmaid, QJ'ijT [guhal Skt n cave, cavern. 2 mind, conscience. milkwoman. 3 illusion. ~ [gualiar] See ~. qr~ [guhagni], wtJii:Jit [guhajJ)il Skt qJ(JJf ~ [gusaia], ~ [gusaia] Skt Jln0'lIf11,\ fi:rot" n pimple on the inner side ofthe eyelid; n lord of the earth, lord of the world; the sty. Creator. "koi seVE gusaia koi alahI."-ram ill 'Cl)U"'ij" [guharl n call, cry. "dar par tI~th guhar 5. 2 lord of the senses; arouser of the senses. sunai."-NP. 2 group of persons tracking down 3 title of saints who have conquered their footprints ofthe cow thieves; group ofchasers. senses. 4 See ~ 2 and 3. "guhar lag turat chuQavai."-BGK. "piche pari qrmJl}:f [gustax] P i~ adj cunning, naughty, guhar vIsala."-GPs. rude. 2 impolite, blunt. Cl)"ij"'6T [guhara] n stock of cow dung, heap of ~ [gustaxil P J~ n impoliteness, cow dung, pyramid of cow dung cakes. disobedience. 2 cunningness, naughtiness. qr~ [guharu] adj one who gives a call or makes a shout. 2 n campanion of a tracking 'QJ'R1'5' [gusal] A ~ n bath. "gusal kardan bud." -tIlJg kCJbir. group. See ~ 2. ~ [gusa] A ~ n anger, rage, annoyance. ~ [guhI] See QJU. 2 See QJU?iT. 3 by plaiting, "gusa manI na haQhaI."-s f;:,rid. by braiding. Cl)H'reFo [gusaIm] Skt cit'/frfl..ro't. feminine of cn-m [guhi] plaited, braided. See Q)U?i and dj"a'O. citJr>-it [gosvami]. See~. "gag guSaInI "muQanmal anek guhi sIv."-krISCJn. "kavIta gahngabhir." -bhEr k;:,bir. kaVI ke man maddhI guhi hE." -ci'k;li 1. 2 See qrwit [gusail, ~ [gusail ~. See~. ~. "gusai, partapu tuharo Qitha."-sar CJ ill 5. ~ [guhira] n stored cow dung, stock of 2 a sect of ascetics. 3 a group of mendicants. cow dung. 2 a kind of venomous creature qrH'W [gusElal adj short-tempered, one who belonging to the family of large-sized lizard easily gets provoked. with red-coloured head. In Sanskrit Qfw [gussal See q,rw. scriptures it is named as godhIkatamaj and is said to be produced by a large-sized WiJ [guh]Skt n Kartikey, son of Shiv; Kharana female lizard from its mating with a black n (having six faces). 2 King ofBhils, who ruled snake. Dg citihm. over Shringver. See ftf~. 3 See QJU?iT. QJ"ijiI' [guhaj] Skt ~ adj secret, confidential, wu.;r [guhay1 Skt See Qf<Jff. concealed. "guhaj gal jIa ki kicE satIguru ~ [guhyakl Skt n demigods, who guard the hidden treasures of Kuber. pasI."-var bIla ill 4. "guhajkatha Ihu guru te jaJ)i."-suhi ill 5.2 mysterious; whose purpose iJJtJ:aa~a [guhyake~varl lord of demigods yak~, is not easy to understand. 3 n deceit, guile. Kuber.

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QlclJ!'aa

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'qj''ffiIT3"

[guhyarath] underlying meaning, sense. "vahIguru guhyarath bakhano."-GPS [gug] P adj dumb, unable to speak. "kaha bIsanupad gavE gug?"-sukhmani. qraIT [guga] a Rajput belonging to Chauhan subcaste, who lived during the lIth century. He gave up Hinduism to become a Muslim. He was an expert in the treatment of snakebite. People consider him the incarnation of Sheshnag (serpent's god) and worship the shrines built in his memory. A special worship is performed on 9th day of the dark phase of the lunar month of Bhadon (the birth day of Gugga). Gugga (or Gogga) was born in village Odero of Bikaner State and died in Taiher, where a tomb, built in his memory, is worshipped. There is another anecdote that Gorakh Nath gave fragrant Jrasin of amyrisagallochun to a Rajput virgin named Vaachal to beget a child. She gave birth to Gugga. The name ofGugga's wife was Shiriyal and his horse was named Javadiya. ~ [guga] See qfar. "guga bakat gaVE bahu chad."-ram am 5. Weir ott ~ [guge ki rnI thI ail indescribable experience. This phrase is used for an experienced but indescribable pleasure. "harIras sei jaI).de jIu gfJge rnIth:rai khai." -var gav 1 m 4. "jInI Ih cakhi soi jal).E guge ki rnIthIai."-sor m 4. ~ [guggal] Skt ~ n a thorny tree fI:mnd in abundance in Kathiawarh, Rajplltana and Khandesh. 2 gum of this tree, which is highly fragrant. Its incense is used in temples and houses. It is also useful in the treatment of many diseases like arthritis/rheumatism. Its latent effect is warm and dry. L Balsamodendron muku!. iorr [gugga] See C[raJT. iQfH' [guggull, q)'qrn [guggulu] See (dd1~.

war

..if

qTtlU [gucah] P f or f n bud, flower bud. :qTtlUh[cucah ;ad] P adj smiling like .. flower bud; having face like a blossoming flower. QJtJCIt[gucki] n dip, dive. "ve:;;ya sakal guckIyan khalii."-carrtr 168. qTtJT [guca] See qJtrJ. is [gucch], qfsr [guccha] Skt ~ n a bunch of leaves and fruit; cluster of fruit produced on a branch as, for example, a bunch of grapes. 2 dome-like tasseled ornament. iift [gucchi] small bunch. See qfs. 2 a kind of edible mushroom grown in cold regions. People preserve it in dry form and prepare a vegetable dish from it. 3 barber's small bag which contains all the material required for shaving off the head. qTtr [guj] Skt ~ vr echo, resound, produce unclear sound. 2 n sound ofan echo. "gGj rahIt tfh par sada."-carrtr 266. 3 echo, reverberation. QlHf.ldcl [guja:;;tah] P ':;;;1" adj past, elapsed. 2 dead, deceased. QlHf.ld(') [guja:;;tan] P ~;f v pass. 2 die. qfH3' [gGjat] WH-~. See WH. "gGjat sigh <;lakarat kol."-ramav. 'The lions roar.' qTire' [gujad] P / absorbs; may absorb; will absorb. Its root is gujidan. qTH?i [gujan] n reverberating, echoing. See WR. QJ"H'd' [gujar] See C[rf.Rf and WRQ. QJt.I'd' [guzar] P .J:f n motion, exit. 2 entrance, approach. 3 sustenance, maintenance. "rnaphak gujar taM dhan pavo."-GPs. ~ [guzarad] P J.Jj' passes, may pass, will pass. Its root word is guza:;;tan. 'QJNd"i'iT [gujarna] See C[rtIF.I3?>. qfH"a"'3' [gujrat] Skt :1'*'-( n a subdivision of Bombay region, which includes territories of Kacch, Kathiawar, Palanpur and Daman. Its spoken language is Gujarati. 2 a sword made

Pj

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in Gujarat state or Gujarat city. This sword is of two types: long Gujarat and short Gujarat. See lkl~. 3 a town in Punjab which is a district headquarters. It is situated between Wazirabad and Lalamoosa. A gurdwara in memory ofGuru Hargobind is built near Kabuli Gate in Gujarat. While returning from Kashmir the Guru stayed here. This place is situated one mile to the east ofGujarat railway station. Four edicts said to be written by Guru Gobind Singh are preserved at the residence of Bhai Lal Singh of goldsmiths' street in Gujarat. On reading the copies of these commands, one fails to be convinced that they were actually written by the tenth Guru because the command of Sammat 1754 contains a reference to the Khalsa, which was actually baptised in Sammat 1756. The last Anglo-Sikh war was fought near Gujarat on 21'1 February, 1849. See oslfr 3
and~.

garib ki ko gujraVf:?"-bhE"r kabir.

'QJ"ffift [gujri] wife of a Gujjar, milkmaid. 2 past

of guzCl~tcm; passed, elapsed. 3 died, expired. See ~. 4 See ~ H'3"". 'QJ"ffift lfI3T [gujri rna ta]1 daughter of Lal Chand Subhikhia Khatri and Mata Bisan Kaur. She was married to Guru Teg Bahadur on 15 th Asu Sammat 1686 at Kartarpur. She had the privilege of being the mother of Guru Gobind Singh. When younger sons ofGuru Gobind Singh were brought to Sirhind after being captured by the Mughals, she was with them. On hearing that her grandsons had been martyred she breathed her last on 13 th Poh Sammat 1761. The minaret in which she was confined along with Zorawar Singh and Fateh Singh is now named as Mata Gujri da Burj. A shrine built on the remains of Mata Gujri is situated near gurdwara Jyoti Saroop. See FRl"ftft: and
~.

QfffiJ'5t [gujrati] adj pertaining to Gujarat. 2 a

Brahmin subcaste, which originated from Gujarat of Sindh. It is also named as Vyas. Its members accept alms offered during the eclipse-period. They also accept other forms of maligned alms. 3 language spoken by the people ofGujarat. 4 a sword made in Gujarat. QIt.re'c'l [guzran] P l:JI.JY n sustenance, livelihood. ilJAai~iMi [gujravala] a district headquarters in Punjab, which in hoary past was founded by Gujjars. For some period, it was named as Khanpur. It is forty-two miles away from Lahore in north-west direction. It was the capital of Mahan Singh, father of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. According to some historians, Gujranwala is the birth place of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. ~ [gujravEl may provide; may request. "mo

qJw [guja] SkI ~UfT n small red and black seed

ofAbrus precatorius. 2 kettledrum, large drum beaten with a rope of twisted clothes. qf'ftTfuR" [gujaIs] See qT;::rrl:iIF.f. QJ"A"JJ [guja~t] P '::':-1;1' released, freed, relieved. ~ [guja~tan] P renounce; give up. 2 release, free. Qfwo [gujan] P l:Ji( adj dense, thick, concentrated, non-rarefied. Q]t.I"ir[guzaf] P "';f! n nonsense. 2 scandalous and false remarks, gossips. qfH"'lilF.l"[gujaya~]P J!.i( n capacity, accommodation. 2 space, room. QJt.r"'a" [guzar] P .If;! suione who provides. It is used as a suffix like in rnalguzar. qfflTa" [gujar] See qTtl7i".

el,;!

ilJA'aei'i [gujardCln] P cJ).Jf)f v set free, release. 'Many historians have written her name as qrtRitl-fT3T [gujri
mata] but the correct name is gujri mata.

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present, offer. 3 give, offer. QI't.fT'ij('jT [guzarna] v spend time, pass time. 2 offer. See QjH'ije(') 2. "subdhr m:vaj Sdrar gujardu."-sul1i k;;lbir. Q)'t.lTaH [guzardm] P (.Jj) may I leave: I leave; I will leave. 'ijJ"H'TaT [gujara] P v') n sustenance, livelihood. 2 money, material etc received for sustenance. QJt.ITfaF.r [guzarI$] P J.JI) n request, prayer. QI'm~ [guzarf ddhkar] P .1'6'-;):.1 1) adj doing work, performing work, supervising work. ift::ra" [gOjrt] Skt adj resounding. itffircr; [gOjiddn] P v absorb, merge. qr;:ffir [guzir] P 1) ;; effort, remedy. 2; plan, method. qftr [gujjdr] Skt QJ't'fu cow grazer; a subcaste of Aheers (milkmen). 2 a subcaste of Khatris. 3 Gujarat state. 4 a blacksmith and disciple of Guru Angad Dev, who was prominent among philanthropists. "gujjdr jatr luhar hE. "-BG . qf~ [gujjdrval] a town under police station Dehlon in district Ludhiana, situated at a distance of four miles to the west of Quilla Raipur railway station. The sixth Guru stayed here for some time. There is a gurdwara one and half miles away to the south-east of the village, which is also named as Gurusar. 30 bighas ofland has been donated by the villagers for the gurdwara. A religious fair is held on the fourteenth day of the lunar phase ofChet. qf~ [gujjravala] See QjHdi~IW. W5" [gujh], ~ [gujhra], QP5T [gujha], .~1ft [gujhi], Qfw [gujjhal, Qfm [gujjhi] Skt qJ(r..r See q]<J'H". "gujhra lddhdmu lal."-var maru 2 D1 5. "nam rdtdn IE gujha rdkhra."-majl1 ;;I m 5. "dunia gujhi bhahI."-s brid. 2 a lung disease; pulmonary disease. Pneumonia is also known by this name in Punjab, but this word is used mainly by ladies. Pneumonia affecting the
(jJ.J 1 )

young children is called gujjha. ~ [gUjhydk] See ~. QJ'Gfu [gutdr] chirps. See ~. ~ [gUtdk] n sound produced by birds like pigeons etc when in a joyful mood. 2 soft or mild sound produced by beating ofdrums etc. "pdrdn pdkha Vdj gUtdk Qholka." -s;;l10l1. 3 gurgling sound produced by gulping. ~ [gutdkDa], q)'CCifi'iT [gutdkna] v produce chirping sound, chirp, coo. 2 drink with gurgling sound. "dmrd dhara rdS gutdI."-'-SiOIveye ill 4
ke.

(jJ

[gutka], ~ [gutrka] Skt ~ n pill, tablet. 2 according to Tantar Shashtar (magical science), a kind of pill prepared by persons with miraculous powers; one attains the capability of reaching any place just by putting this pill in his mouth; a magical pill. "gutke bdlkE bdhu uQjavE."-CdrI tr 85. "gutka mOh vre parkE des drsatdr jar khdlov,"-BG. 3 book ofsmall size. F[gutt] n spherical object obtained from within the coconut fruit; kernel of coconut. 2 adj intoxicated, inebriated. 3 n flower with interlocked petals. 4 bud of a flower, unblossomed flower. QfO [guth] Skt ~ vr encircle, surround, wrap. cite [got] and -ate [goth] are derived from it. QJ'O'l'ft [guth1i] n stone ofa fruit,covered by crust and pith. See qJO. qf'O [gutth] n corner, nook. ~ [guQdk] Skt T5CF adj dirty, filthy. 2 lecherous. gOQa is its derivative. ~ [guQguQi] n two-faced tambourine or tabor, p.roducing sound like gUQ guQ. "mueag sdnai guQguQi."-c;;IrItr 102.2 hubble-bubble of a small size. ~ [guQli] See i!fi5('ft. 2 adv on the knees. 3 n act of moving on the knees. "agdD bie phIrE guQli."-GPS.
Q)CQT

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w~

IMO

1W[guQa] or~ [guQQa] n doll; man-like figure made of wood, cloth etc which is used for playing, maligning and exorcising. "dab khat tar gai gUQan banaykE."-cdrItr 233.2 upright support of a spinning wheel. [guQa] See qfiror. "guQan sath karE gujran." -CdrItr 187. ~ [guQrya], ~ [guQia], q)'m [guQQi] n doll, puppet made ofwood, cloth etc for playing and performing shows. "guQia rahi sabhalti." -cps. 2 kite. QI'<!'[guD] or~ [guDu] Skt"Tf n attribute, praise. "gUJ). eho horu nahi kOI."-asa m 1. 'The Creator's attribute is that nothing equals Him.' 2 modest, good-natured, noble. "vrDu gUD kite bhagatr na hOI."-jdpU. "brnu gUD janamu vrDasu."-sri d m 1. 3 three attributes of the material world viz-virtue, passion, evil. "raj gUD tam gUD sat guD kahiE eh teri sabh mara."-keda kdbir. 4 temperament, nature. "ESO gUD mero prabhu ji kin."-toQi m 5.5 rope, thread, string. "guDkE har parovE."-tukha chJtm 1. 'Prepare garland with the thread of good qualities.' "kavaDu su akharu kavaDu gUD?-S fdrid. 6 bowstring. "kotr dor dhari dhanukh gUD bIn gahrt na kOI."-vrfd. 7 wick of a lamp. 8 six parts of diplomacy. See l:ICnfaT. 9 twentyfour facets of logic. See ~ . 10 three qualities of poetry-glory, majesty, delicacy. 11 qualities like knowledge, skill etc. "te nar asalr khar, jr brnu gUD garabu karatr."-var sar m 1. 12 taste, effect. 13 subjects of sensory organs-speech, touch, appearance, taste, fragrance. 14 gem. "sarirr sarovarr gUD pargatr kie."-asa m 4. 15 reward, outcome. "jrni kami nah gUD, te kamre vrsar." -s fdrid. 16 cognitive ofnumber three-because there are three facets of Maya (illusionary world). 17 actions, deeds. 18 justice. "adalu kare gUDkari."-ram d m 1. See Q]O. 19 See

tar

"un te duguD drri un mae."-gdu m 5. 20 flower. "braham nam gUD sakh tarovar nrt cunr cunr puj karijE."-kdlI d m 4. 'The branch of Brahama tree is 7)T}f [nam], its flowers are good qualities; gather them to worship Him.' 21 three characteristics according to grammar.
f[a], -e [e], fr[o]. ~ [guD-adr] n the Creator, the Ultimate

~.

One, the origin of all virtues. "man-adr gUDadr vakhaDra."-marujedev. ~ [guDsakhi] adj witness of deeds (welt [sakhi]: evidence) "dhanu gupal gUDsakhi." -dhdna m 5. ijJaHidla [guDSagar] n ocean ofvirtues, abundance ofqualities. ~ [guDsajh] n sharing of virtues. "guD ki sajh sukh upjE."-suhi d m 3. "sajh karijE gUDah keri choQr avgur.la caliE."-suhi chJt m 1. qr~ [guDsajhi] adj interested in sharing virtues. 2 n sharing of virtues. "guDsajhi trnr sru kari."-var sor m 4. ijJaHIaa' [guDsarDa] See ~. QI'<!' ~ [guD saghrE] See FfuRt. ~ [guDhiD], ~ [guDhin] adj without virtues, devoid of virtues. "guDhiD ham apradhi."-sor d i l l 3.2 without a bowstring. QI'<!' Q%!' [guD kamaD] See ~. qr~ [guDkari] adj virtuous. "gurmukhr sajaDu gUDkaria."-sri m 4. "jisu atarr harr gUDkari."-var VdQ m 4. 2 profitable, useful. 3 fair in imparting justice, judge. See q](!' 18. ~[guDag] Skt~ adjlearned, talented, one who recognises talent. ijJ<!dlfdM' [guDgahrla] adj having the tendency to assimilate knowledge. ~ [guDgah], iIT~ [guDgahak] adj knowledge-seeker. QJ'C!OI"O[guDgan] n recitation ofqualities, singing the glory of God. QJ<!dI"H [guDgam] n abundance of good qualities,

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1041 multitude of virtues, embodiment of virtues, ~[guI!badl Skt QJ<!'6~le n singing in praise treasure of good qualities. "kcl1Ianrup m5gal .of; recitation of virtues; appreciation. "r<3maI! gUI!gam."-sukhmdni. 2 singing of God's ko ram ke gUI!bad."-sar m 5. praise, recitation of hymns. "mIle knpa ~ [guI!b5dhl adjvirtuous, guided by virtues, committed to virtues. 2 See ~. gUI!gam."-toQi m 5. ~ [guI!gitj, Qj<!dfia l [guI!gita] n hymn in 'Q)"C!ig [guI!b5dhul adj relating to virtues. See praise of the Creator. "gavo ram ke gUI!git." ~. -ram m 5. "guI!gita nIt vakhaI!ia."-maru d m ~[guI!bhr<3ml n rope illusion; i.e, mistaking a rope for the snake. fallacy, delusion. 5 ajuli. "guI!bhr<3m bhaga t<3U man sunI S<3mana."-asa ~ [guI!guI!a] adj snuffier. This word has kdbir. originated from Arabic ft. qrc!aPT [guI!agy] See Q.I&IT. "guI!agy namkirataTIdh." Qf~ [guI!rasIl adj enriched with good -sdhdS m 5. qualities. 2 treasure of virtues. "guWasI b5nI p<31E ani."-asa m 5. QlC!al'ija [guI!grahak], Qj<!dl'm [guI!gl'ahil adj who is a knowledge seeker; who values merit. Qf~ Himf" [guI!vac<3k s5gyal qualitative ~ [guI!corl Dg adj ungrateful, not f(~eling noun, as $ita$u (cool) for the moon and tapta$U gratitude. (hot) for the sun. QfC!3"'R' [guI!tasl See 31H. Qf~ [guI!vanl, q:r~3" [guI!vatj, qr~a;rr ~ [guI!dhatu] n fundamental quality, which [guI!vaqal, Qj<!<ia;fl [guI!vatril, ~[guI!vata], is the basis ofall qualities. 2 characteristics of ~ [guI!v5til adjvirtuous, talented, gifted. five essences viz. speech, touch, appearance, "guI!vatI sahu ravia."-vdQ m 1. "guI!vata han taste and fragrance. See~. "tarkas tir kamaI! han daIalu."-gdu m 4. "guI!v5t nah d<3Ialu sag teg bad gUI!dhatu."-sri m 1. 'Wearing five bala."-gdu chJt m 5. 2 Guru Arjan Dev has weapons is equal to controlling the five senses.' taught the value of virtues through his hymn Here b5d is equivocal. entitled "gunvati" in Suhi Rag. "jo disE QJC!O [guI!anl, ~ [guI!nal Skt :);"UT;:r n gursIkhra." enchancement, multiplication, multiplying. QfC!T [guI!~l See ~. 2 marked substance or 2 accounting for. 3 thinking of logic for part. discussion. "parahI gUI!ahI ttl bahutu Q)"C!"QJ"C!' [guI!aguI!l merits and demerits; good pukar<3hI."-asa Pdti m 3. and bad points. QlC!fC'iQ'l') [guI!mdhan], Qj<!f(')Q16 [guI!nIdhanul, qj"C!"V [gunaQh], Qf<!'~ [guI!aQhy1Skt adj fully qrrnfu [guI!nIdhIl adj highly virtuous. equipped with noble qualities; perfect, gifted. "guI!nIdhan apar thakur."-jet ellJ!: m 5. 2 the writer of Vrihatkatha Sarit Sagar, who 2 ocean ofvirtues. "guI!nIdhI gaIa sabh dukh lived around 315 Be. mItaIa."-asa chat m 5. 3 n the Timeless One, ~ [guI!atitl adj above all aspects of the the Creator. "satIguru seVI gUI!l1Idhanu material world, beyond all the three facets of paIa."-sri m 3. Maya viz. virtue, passion and evil. 2 God, the Creator God. Qla&<t1 [guI!baI!il adj sacred hymns rich in virtues; enriching hymns. "j<3n nanak bole ~ [guI!adhar] adj basis of virtues. gUI!baI!i."-guj m 4. QlC!ifofQ [guI!amdhIl See QJ'C!fofb'.

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[guI).anuvad] See ~. Qf<!TliTO [gUJ:;layan] adj having noble qualities in abundance. ClJ~ [guI).aras], <H~ [gUI).arasI] See ~. 2 wealth of virtues, capital of noble qualities. ~ [guI).alay] adj abode of qualities. ~ [gUI).I] by virtue ofgood qualities. "Ih gUI).I nam sukhmani." -sukhm;mi. ~ [gUI).It] adj multiplied, enhanced. QTil' [guI).i] by (his) virtues, because of virtues. "avguI). gUI).i bakhsaIa."-asa am 3. 2 ~ holy, virtuous, pious. "gUI). kahI gUI).i samae." -sor m 3. 3 equipped with a bowstring; stringed. 4 n bow. QTiI>w [guI).ia] adjvirtuous, meritorious. "guI).ia gUI). Ie prabhu mIle."-oJkar. 2 one who multiplies; one assigned the duty of multiplication. 3 n an implement used by masons and carpenters; T-square, set square. QJil'i} [guI).ike] a village under police station Nabha, subdivision Amloh ofNabha state. Guru Teg Bahadur stayed here. A gurdwara is situated one furlong away to the south of the village. The_holy shrine was got built by / Maharaja Bharpoor Singh. A token money of rupees 87 per annum is granted by the state. It is situated six miles to the west of Nabha railway station. ClJitaRfta" [guI).igahir], <H<!ldIJld ' [guI).igahira], Qj('!ldldd ' [guI).igahera] adjunruffled due to good qualities; having numerous virtues. "va<;le mere sahIba, gahng;'lbhira gUI).igahira."-sodaru. "til saca sahIbu gUI).igahera."-majh m 5. ~ [guI).ita] adj multiplied, enhanced, manifested. 2 having noble qualities; virtuous. "be;'lt gUI).ita."-brla m 5. ClIa:lfC'lQ i O [gunimdhan], ':I1Qj-s('!l*'fo"'qm,'X"o [guI).inIdhanu] adjhighly virtuous. 2 ocean ofvirtues. "ta paiE gUI).inIdhan."-sri m 1. "gavi gUI).inIdhanu."

ClI<!jo~'e

-japu. R [gUI).u] See ~. cncfu" [gUI).;'lt] doing multiplication, multiplying, accounting. "gUI).at gunia."-sahas m 5. ~ [gutava] n fodder prepared by mashing ground grain, chaff in water for animals like cows and buffaloes. . iE" [gutt] pig tail, hair tied or dressed into a braid. qf'ao[guthan] SktTpI:R n combining, interlacing. 2 plaiting, braiding. ClJ"l'Rft [guthri), QTaW [guthla], q:rarft [guthli], qftit [gutthi] n bag, small bag, cloth bag, pouch, purse, wallet. 'Q)t!' [gud] Skt "T\ vr play, enjoy. 2 n rectum, anus. 3 See qft!". ~ [gudar] See q]tI"d". ~ [gudraI).u] See QfffiJTO. "gurmukhI san taha gudraI).u."-asa m 1. ~ [gudravd should request. See ~. ClJ~ [gudri] n beggar's blanket; ragged or patched blanket; tattered quilt. 2 adj passed, elapsed. "sagli rEI).I gudri 5dhIari, seVI satIguru canaI).U hOI."-sri m 5 pahrre. 'entire life passed in ignorance.' qf~ [gudri] adj plaited, braided. "hiran patI mana gudri."-NP ~ [gudrd passes. "jhagra kardIa anudIn gudrE."-gau var 1 ill 4. ~[gudar] or~ [gudaru] n ra;gged blanket, tattered covering, heavy quilt made oftatters. "jIn patu adau bahau gudaru."-var asa. 'kind-hearted from within but rude from without.' 2 waste, garbage. ~ fifur [gudar sIgh] great grandson of Bhai Roop Chand and son of Bhai Dyal Singh. He was a famous priest of the Bagarian seat of spiritual authority established by Bhai Roop . Chand. See ~~. ~ [gudra], ~ [gudri] n ragged blanket,

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tattered quilt of patches, tattered covering, small tattered covering. ~ [gudafu] See ~. F [guda] See QJ"e'. 2 See ~;;:r. FJ:aO [gudaxtan] v melt, soften. QJt!"'il [gudaj] P ;t.Jf adjwhich melts. It is used as a suffix, as in dIIgudaz. ilJeift.fefJ [gudazfdah] P ~--';U.r adj melting, softening, becoming sympathetic. 'ilJ"t!"'6C!T [gudarl)a], qr~ [gudama] v pass, spend (time). "sukhe sukhI gudama."-ram a m 5. "dunia sagI gudana ~akat mUf."-var guj 2 m 5. 2 expel or push beyond the borders. "jInI pac man bIdan gudare, so pura Ih kali re."-asa m 5. ~ [gudari] passed, spent (time). "IV hi karat gudari."-dhana m 5. ~ [gudarE] passes, spends (time) "b:[khai dIn rEnI Ivhi gudarE."-sar m 5. qf~ [gudd], qf;;:r [gudda] Skt"M n soft part of a fruit under the skin; pulp. "gudda bhakhyo khapar SIr dharyo."-carItl' 41. 2 kernel, kernel of seed, inner seed. ttlO [gudhan] See WF. Qj"Q" [gudha] adj plaited, braided. 2 kneaded. 3 was tempted; got interested. "nanak raSI gudha."-asa chJt m 4. 'ilJO' [gun] See ~. 2 kind act, favour. "Ik gun nahi murakh jata re."-sor m 5. 3 profit, gain. "bed puran pafe ko Ih gun."-gau m 9. "prem ki jevri badhIo tero jan. kahI ravIdas chutIbo kavan gUl)?"-asa. 'What is the use of being released from this bondage?' 4-5 rop'~ and fastener. "man badho hamaro mai, keNaI nEn apne gun."-maru mirabai bJno. 'Tlhe lotuseyed (Krishan) has bound my heart with the thread of his rare qualities.' 6 praise, glory. "harIjan ram nam gUl) gavE."-bEra m 4. 7 result, theory. "kahI kabir kIChu gun bicar." -bhEr. 8 bow-string. "tir calyo gun te chutkayo."

P,:ltd'

-gurusobha. 9 ordinary. 10 adjective. wmr [gunah] P j or ~tln crime, guilt, sin. "gunah us ke sagal aphu."-trlJg m 5. "pIchle gunah satIguru bakhasI lae."-var brla m 4. ilJC'Wdl'd [gunahgar] P .I'll , n guilty, criminal, culprit, sinner. "gunahgar IUl)harami."-suhi m5. Q]'75ijT [gunha] plural of gunah. See QJ7iU. "gunha bakhsanharu."-asa am 1. 'i!J"i'i'dt [gunhi] adj guilty, criminal. 2 with sins, with guilts. "gunhi bhana mE phIra."-sfarid. ~ [gunk] by calculating, by giving a thought. "sEyad gunkE gna ocari."-NP ~ [cuncuna] See ~. Q.J'i'iilr.f [gunagy] See~. "dhumt lalI t gunagy anIk bhatI."-mala m 5 partal. "a cut gunagya puma bahulo knpala."-sahas m 5. ~ [guncar] virtue and conduct, knowledge and action. "nam bIna kEse guncarr'..,basJt a m 1. 2 virtuous actions, noble deeds. QfOC!T [gunl)a] See qr~. 2 contemplation, meditation. "nanak pafna gunl)a Iku nau hE." -varsar m 3. Qf'i'l'foqro [gun-mdhan] See qr~. "gUl)nIdhan beat apar."-sukhmani. ~ [gunbadh] adjcommitted to noble deeds; tied with the rope ofvirtues. "mE gunbadh sagal ki jivanI."-sar namdev. 2 tied to three facets of the material world viz. virtue, passion and evil. 'ilJOSiJ [gunbadhul adjhaving noble qualities. ~ [gunau] n praise. 2 temperament, nature. "brahamgIani ka IhE gunau."-sukhmani. 3 gain, benefit. "tirath majan karbe ko hE gunau Ih."-BGK. ~[gunaIn]adjembodimentofvirtue. See ~. "deu mE upaIn gunaIn su hOI jab." -NP 'qJ'O"'U [gunah] P ~r? n See QJ7iU. ~ [gunabrl adj enriched with good

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qualities. "kahE gunakar banr saci."-NP [gunaqh] See~. "gunaqhkie rkatr." -gyan. QJfcE [gunrt] See~. 2 thought over. 3 tuned to rhythm and tone. "anrk gunrt dhunrt lalrt."-bhEr parta1 m 5. See lJfoo. wo1 [guni] See QJ<!T. "guni rahe gun gai."-gau m9. ~ [gunia] adj gifted. "sunahu re gunia." -gau kabir. 2 See ~. ~ [guniE] let us evaluate, let us calculate. 2 let us think over. "kra parir kra gunir?"-sor kabir. 3 of virtues. "atu na pair gunir."-ram cMtm5. QJ (')lamla [gunigahir], Qj"(')ldkllij' Lgunigahira], C!!(')ldldij' [gunigahera], Q](')ldld8 [gunigahero], Qj"(')lGldlmij' [guniygahira] adj See Qj"<"!:ldldld ' . "sahrbu gunigahera."-sor m 5. "beat suami ueo gunigahero."-sor m 5. "niekula jolahra bhaIO guniygahira."-asa dhana. ~ [Gunudgi] p~? n drowsiness, sleep, nap. ~ [Gunudan] P (jJr v doze. ~ [gunh!).a] v knead; work and press together into a mass; crush by rubbing. qrtf [gup] Skt"T\ vr defend, save, hide, malign, light up, get restless, worry. QJl.fFIT [gupsal See ijqfl.fW. qp.rlJr [gupasr] braids, plaits. ':phul gu!). nanak gupasr mal."-var suhi m 1. See qf'G. Q)1.I'3" [gupat] Skt ~ adj defended, protected. 2 hidden, secret. "gupat karta sagI so prabhu." -maru m 5. 3 n Vaishya subcaste. This word is used after the names of its members. 4 a famous person, after whose name, his family or lineage came to be called Gupt. His son Ghatotkach was a very strong and energetic person. Ghatotkach had a son Chandar Gupt, who with the help of his wife Kumar Devi became the ruler of Maghad in 320 AD and
qri')'V

then on the strength of his diplomatic vision became the emperor of India. The capital of his empire was Patliputar. His son Samudar Gupt was also a renowned ruler around 330 AD who, in addition to Patliputar, established Ayudhya as his capital. Chandar Gupt II (also known as Vikramaditya), son of Samudar Gupt and Dhruvdevi, became an enlightened emperor in 380 AD and conquered Ujjayan, Malwa, Gujarat and Surashtra. Most of the tales relating to the famous king Bikramajeet are from the life of this renowned ruler. Sanskrit was greatly promoted during his regime. Many authors hold that the supreme poet Kalidas belonged to this period. His son Kumar Gupt was enthroned in 413 or 415 AD, but the popularity ofthe Gupt dynasty started waning during this period. Sakand Gupt son of Kumar Gupt was defeated by the Hoons in 455 AD. He may be regarded as the last king of the Gupt dynasty. Although there came several unpopular kings and chiefs of the Gupt dynasty after him as Narsinh Gupt, Kumar Gupt II etc. but Bhanu Gupt in 510 AD was the last of them, and the most glorious period of the rule of Gupts had been between 320 and 455 AD. Gupt Sammat (calendar), begun in 320 AD, became extinct with the decline ofthis dynasty. 5 harem of a king, interior portion ofthe palace for queens to live. 6 prison,jail, place to confine the prisoners. 7 ghost, evil spirit. "sagat guptan ki hr jeti, lalo ke pag pujahI teti."-GPS. ~ [gupatasar] village Chhatteana under police station Kot Bhai ka, tehsil Mukatsar district Ferozepur. A gurdwara in memory of Guru Gobind Singh is situated one mile away to the south-east ofthis village. When the Guru reached this village, his servants asked for their wages. The Guru stopped his horse there and

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~T

then all of a sudden a Sikh brought a mule loaded with money and gold coins and unloaded all the wealth in front of the Guru. The Guru paid the wages at the rate of eight annas per day to the horseman and four annas per day to the footman to five hundred horsemen and nine hundred footmen. The Guru also asked their chief Bhai Daan Singh to collect his wages. With folded hands Bhai Daan Singh beseeched, "My revered true Master! Kindly grant me your faith. I have all the worldly things." Moved by his utmost e1evotion, the Guru said "You have preserved the existence of faith in Malwa as Bhai Mahan Singh has done in Majha". The money left after the distribution ofdues was buried there by the Guru. Bairars tried to dig it out after the departure ofthe Guru from that place, but could not find anything. That is why the place has come to be known as Gupatsar (secret pond). The shrine there, is very old. The attendant is a Nihang Singh. Sixteen ghumaons of land attached to the gurdwara has been donated by villages Sahib Chand and Chhatteana. Nine miles long unmetalled road leads in the north to Giddarwaha railway station. See "S"JJ-iWJ. QJ1.I'3' Ji1.a [gupat s~mat] See QJ1B 4. ~ [gupatdan] n secret donation, infomation about which is not known to anyone except the donor. ~ [gupatv~$] See QJ1B 4. Qj1..l3T [gupta] Skt::r:m n in poetics, the heroine, who conceals her misdeeds. There are three types of such a character: past gupta: who conceals actions done in the past; present gupta: who hides her current misdeeds; future gupta: who prospectively tries to conceal her evil acts planned for the future. 1; secret,

hidden. "guptahira pragat bhaIa."-asa kdbir. 3 xa dumb. ~ [guptahira] soul. See qj1.ST 2. qr~ [guptargha t] WlfUfTZ [guptgha tL bathing place on the bank of river Saryoo near Ayudhya, where Ram Chandar dived into the Saryoo and left for heavenly abode. qrtrf3" [gupatI], qrtI31' [gupti] Skt ~ n defence, protection, security. 2 act of concealing. 3 cave, cavern. 4 sword hidden within a stick etc. 5 adj secret, hidden. "gupti bal).i pargat hOI."-sIdhgasafI. 6 adj secretly, confidentially. "gupti khavC)hI vatIka sari. "-g:xj kabir. ~W [guptotprek$a] See ~w (b). ~ [guplak], ~ [guplia] adj engaged in the profession of cow breeding or cow grazing; belonging to cow breeding tribe. 2 n the Creator, who sustains all creatures on the earth. "ghatI ghatI ram raVIa gup1ak."-kan m 4. 3 Krishan. QJl.PH" [gupal] adj engaged in the profession of cow breeding or cow grazing; belonging to a cow breeding tribe. 2 n Krishan. 3 Lord of Creation. See tit. 4 King of GuIer, who along with Bhim Chand Kahlooria, fought against the Guru in the battle ofAnandpur. See ~~. 5 See B-tret 'e'T ~ 2. q]"tI"'W [gupala] a devotee of Guru Arjan Dev, who was a gre.at scholar and thinker. He also served Guru Hargobind and showed great valour in the battle ofAmritsar. Once the Guru gifted him a precious horse and robe ofhonour on listeningto the recitation of Japu Sahib chanted with full accuracy and devotion by him and remarked that had he done so without any consideration, he would have attained the status of the Guru. 2 vocative ofQj'1.R? "tumri at gupala jIU."-majh m 5. QJ"lft>w [gupia] n wife of a milkman, milkmaid. 2 See iITtfl>w.

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qf~ [gDph] Skt ~ vr braid, create. 2 n bunch.

3 act of interlacing and threading. 4 a poetic composition. "gatha gDph gopal kdtha."-gatha. qr:63" [gUfdt] P J adj said. qf-e3' [gDphdt] See qffu3". ~ [gUfdtgU], QT~ [gUphdtgO] P pi' n conversation, talk, dialogue. ~ [guftdn] P (;.',iPt v say, state. ~ [guftdm] P ( I said, I stated. 2 I say. "Ydk drdj guphtdm pesI to."-tII{igm 1. ~ [guftar] P .J~ n act of making an utterance; statement. ~ [guphdn] n slingshot. See ~. "mudgdr guphdn gurdj golale."-pards. qf'6C'i [gDphdn] Skt ~ n plaiting, interlacing. "hdngUl). gDphdhu mdnImal."-var gdU 2 m 5. Here [mdnImal] is an equivocation, -a rosary in mind and rosary ofjewels. F [gupha] Skt QJ(]T n cave, cavern. 2 underground cell, vault. "jdta bhdSdm lepdn kia kdha gupha mdhI bas."-maru kdbir. 3 inner-self, consciousness. conscience. "IS gupha mdhI dkhut bMQara."-majh d m 3. 4 body, physique. "hdrI jiu gupha addrI rdkhIk vaja PdVdl).U vdjaIa."-dn{idu. qf~ [gDpha] n bunch, cluster. See qf~. "sejbad gDphe bdQ jdri."-GPS. 2 a figure of speech, named kardl).mala. See ~. qf~ [gDphIa], qffu3" [gDphIt] adj plaited, braided. 2 entangled, involved. "pakdj phathe pak maha mad gDphIa."-phunhe m 5. qf'8H [gDbaj], qf'a"e" [gDbad] P .;/ n minaret. 2 arch. 3 bloom. 4 cup. 5 sky. qf~ ~ [gubde kabud] P );1..J" .. n blue dome. i.e. sky. QJlPQ [gubar] or QT'ST9 [gubaru] A .J~ n dust. 2 haze due to the dust-storm. "bharam gubar moh badh pare."-bIla m 5. "guru te marag paiE CUkE moh gubaru."-sri m 3. 3 darkness. Qj"'STQT [gubara] See ~. 2 darkness. "bajhu

guru gubara."-sor m 3. 3 gun with a wide bore and small size, used for firing explosive shells. 4 spectacles used for protecting eyes from dust; goggles. 5 a gasbag flying in the sky; balloon. 6 ad; devoid of knowledge, ignorant. "manmukh mugadh gubara. "-sor m 3. 'QJ1i'fa" [guban] in ignorance. "phIrtau garab gubarI."-phunhe m 5.2 with dust. ~ [gubari] n storm, windstorm. 2 state of darkness. 3 adj ignorant. "jInI kie tISE na jal).ni manmukh gubari."-var suhi m 3. QJlI"9 [gubaru] See ~. ~ [gubfdl See ~. "satguru gubfd jiu." -sdvEye m 4 ke. qrftft!t [g~bfdIl n Lakshmi, who is the power of Vishnu. "ndmo cadravi bhanuviya gubIdI."-c{ic;ii 2.2 adjpertaining to Gobind, the Creator. QTH [gum] P ( adj hidden. 2 unknown, not manifest. 3 lost. QJl-fG'W [gumtala] a village near Amritsar where Guru Hargobind's chief hunter unknowingly caught hold of the white falcon of emperor Shahjahan. QJ"Hit [gumti], qfHit [gDmmti] n mansion of a house, room on rooftop. 2 a village in Nabha state, where the Lodhgharia chiefs of Phul dynasty used to live. See~. 3 See HH'fcla. 4 a kind of simple, coarse and striped cloth. QJ'11"a" [gumar] jealousy; desire to take revenge. 2 A .J1f n community, group, gang. 3 whirlwind, whirlpool. Q)1-RlTU [gumrah] P ~I/ gone astray; misled, who has deviated from the right path. 2 devoid ofphilanthropy. QJlf'fu [gumaI] See ~. QJ1i1F.I3T[guma~ta] P ,=;If adj appointed, assigned for a specific work. 2 n agent of a money lender. 3 accountant of a trader. ~ [gumal).], QTH'7i [gumanl P (jl! idea,

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concept. "haumE jaI guman."-var guj.2 In 3. the Guru; by/through the teachings ofthe Guru. "gur-updesI japiE manI saca."-maru solhe 2 doubt, suspicion. 3 vanity of being a donor or an ascetic; such other vain feelings. "tirath m5. barat aru dan kan man mE dharE gumanu.."-s ~ [gur-updesu] teachings of the Guru. "gur-updesu sunIO nahI kanan."-sar m 9. m9. ~[gumani]adj arrogant, conceited. "phIrahI ~ [gur-as] This word is used for guruva:;;. gumani jag mahI."-var maru 2m 5. "marte See~. phutI gumani."-ram kabir. 2 n egoism, qrat [gurae] Skt ~ (fourth declension): to arrogance. "tIagahu manahu gumani." -gau the Guru. "ad I gurae namah."-sukhmani. m5. enaHfaena [gursatIgur]1 adj the premier Guru; QfHT'i) [gumanu] See QJi.ro. supreme teacher of a religious sect. 2 Guru Nanak Dev. "guru satgur ka jo SIkh akhae." qr6' [gur] n jaggery, lumped brown sugar. "jEse bhat makhIka gur s6."-carItr 108. 2 SkI' 1\ -var gau 1 m 4. vr try, attempt, endeavour, beat, harm, lift, ~ [gursanah] P ;... .. f adj hungry. raise. 3 Skt ~ n The origin of this word is vr en aM)dR [gursangi] P J . n hunger. oft ('D, which means to swallow and to teach. ~ [gursabad] 1 teach ings ofthe true Master, utterances of the Guru. The Guru is he who dispels ignorance and enlightens his disciples. The words gur, guru en aHse1 [gursabdi] with the teachings of the Guru. "gursabdi salahiE."-sri m 1. and guru in Gurbani have identical meanings. viz. "gur apne balIhari. "--sor m 5. "sukhsagaru ~ [gursabadu] teachings ofthe true Master; guru paIa."-sor m 5. "apna guru dILIae." utterances ofthe Guru. "gursabadu kamaIa." -asa chi'it m 4. .-sor m 5. 4 preacher of a religion; religious teacher. 5 preacher of a religious school of ~ [gursabhal n congregation of the followers, congregation of disciples of Guru thought; founder of a sect. "chIa ghar dua Nanak Dev. 2 company of the Guru, closeness gur chIa updes."-sohrla. See f5ni' ~tre-FI'. to the Guru. "gursabha ev na paiE."-var sri 6 husband. "sobhavati sohagI).i jInI gur ka het m3. aparu."-sri m 3. 7 Vrihaspati, lord of the deities. "kahu gur gaj SIV sabhko jam:."-g.=m wamr [gursar] the Guru as a poo 1. "te nae satokh gursara."-brla m 4. kabir. 8 conscience, mind. "kubhe b;)dha jalu rahE, jalu bInu kObh na hoI. gIan ka badha ~ [gursakhi] n the Guru's chronicle. manu rahE, gur (man) bInu gIan na hoI. "-var 2 the Guru as manifest. 3 teachings of the Guru. "gursakhi jotI jagaI diva baIIa."-var asa. 9 adj adorable. "nanak gur te gur hon." mCJla m 1. 4 advthrough the Guru's teachings. -guj m 3. 10 chief, principal. "kaun nam gur jakE sImrE bhavsagar kau tarai?"-sor m 9. 'In Punjabi when guru is used as a compound word, then 11 See QIg. iJkar C) [uJ vowel disappears; Hence words like~, ~ [gur-updes] n teachings of the Guru, ~,~, q:rat'H,~,~,~,~ precepts of the Guru. "guru SIkh SIkh guru etc appear in this encyclopaedia without [uJ but the use hE eko, gur-updes calae."-asa chi'it m 4. "gur- of [uJ is mandatory as per Sanskrit grammar. Hence updes kan hal' un dhariE."-BGK. several Sikh authors have written these words using [uJ. ~ [gur-updesI] with the teachings of Such words should not be considered as incorrect.

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than an animal. ClJdHdiFd [gurs~gatI] See q)gHdlfd. of Guru Nanak Dev; believer in the faith ~ [gurs~t] n the Guru with a calm mind; founded by Guru Nanak Dev. "gursIkh mit! Guru Nanak Dev. 2 a saint belonging to the calahu gurcali."-dhana m 4. "jo disE gursIkhra tradition of Guru Nanak Dev. See q)gH~. tIsu nIVI nIVI lagau paI jIu."-suhi m 5 ~ 'R3' [gurs~t sabha] community of Sikhs, . gUl).vati. congregation of Sikh devotees. "gurs~t sabha l guru hi ucarE pritI guru ki sudharE ritI dukhu mItE rogu."-basat m 1. guru ki pratitI jako bhut::> bhavIkkh hE, ~ [gurhatil, ~ [gurhatt] n Sikh shrine; guru hi ki kijE sev guru hi ko dijE bhev Sikh temple. 2 seat of the Guru, which is the guru hi ko PUjE dey uco ev pIkkh hE, centre of religious practices. "takhatI bEtha gurup~th hi ko dani guru ki kahani jani gurhatiE."-var ram 3. 3 centre of learning. guru hi ki sudhh vani achi bhatI lIkkh hE,' "bed gr~th gurhatt hE."-BG. guru so na manE koi guru ju ke dham Qhoi ~ [gurhai] See ~. "gIani dhIani gur guru ji ko pyaro jOI soi gursIkkh hE. gurhai."-sodaru. 2 killer of the Guru, the Guru's assassin. -nrhal sigh ji. sattkartar ki upasna karanharo, QJ"'dfu [gurahI] to the Guru. "gurahI dIkhaIO 10Ina."-asa m 5. PUjE nahI maya vIdhI VI$anU mahe$ ko, uddam se lacchmi kamavE ap khaVE bhale, ClJdfcldlid [gurhIgar] adj guilty, criminal, sinful. 2 according to the teachings of a spiritual ::>ran khalavE karE nIt hItde$ ko, vad VEr irkha vIkar man lavE nahI, mentor. "ram na choQau gurhIgar."-basat par hIt khed sahE, devE na kale$ ko, kabir. sadacari sahsi suhnd saty vratdhari, ClJdccda1 [gurkami] n mode of living prescribed Ese gursIkkh sartaj hE vnje$ ko. by Guru Nanak Dev, ideals of Sikhism. 2 This word has also been used for the Guru's "gurkan:1i bInu bharamu na bhagE."-basat a teachings. "gursIkh de gursIkkh mIlaIa." m 1. 2 great deeds. -BG. ClJQWd' [gurkar] service performed in the name ~ [gursukhu] eternal bliss, ultimate pleasure. of the Guru; religious work pertaining to the "gur mIlI gursukhu pai."-suhi a m 4. Guru. "jo sIkh gurkar kamavahI."-var gau 1 m4. 2 liberation, salvation. ~ [gursev], ~ [gurseva] n service of ~ [gurkupa] grace of the true Master, the Guru, submission to the Guru. "gursev na grace of the mentor. "gurkIrpa te mIlE bhai cor cor."-basat m 1. "gurseva tapa SUI vaQIai."-maru solhe m 3. tapu saru."-asa am 3. "gurseva te bhagatI Cl)"aiJT [gurag] P Jj n wolf. kamaI. tab Ih manas dehI pai."-bhE'r kabir. ~ [gurgaml n path directed by the Guru. "gurgam gIanu batavE bhedu."-gauthrtikabir. Only by dedicating oneselfto the Guru and 2 scripture containing teachings ofthe spiritual meditating upon Him, does one attain the status mentor; holy hymns composed by the Guru. of a real human being. Prior to this, a person "gurgam pramal)I ajaru jarIo."-SaVE'ye m 5 ke. was just like an animal, i.e. one without 3 adjattainable or achievable with the Guru's dedication and devotion to the Guru is no more
~[gursIkh], ~ [gursIkhra] n follower

"gursakhi mItIa ~dhIara."-majh,Jm 3.

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the Mughal empire. "gurajdar dYE dine sag." crr~~. 3 a sect of Muslim Guru, by the teachings ofthe Guru. "gurgamI faqirs, who keep maces with them. bhed su han ka pavau."-gau kabir val' 7. ~ [gurjanl, QJd'FIo [gurjanul See QJgi1O. "na Q)"ij'alT[gt,Jrga] one who sits in ambush like a wolf; han bhajIo na gurjanu sevIo."-sor ill 9. selfish person. See qjQOT. 2 follower of the ilJdASdeid [gurajbardarl, ~[gurajmarl See Guru. Qjdtl'd. royal employees keeping maces. They Qf~ [gurgabi] P J(! a kind of'pair of were authorised to use these for the recovery wooden sandals; pum"p shoes. of dues and penalities from the defaulters. ~ [gurgIanJ, crr~ [gurgIanu] n Mace bearing mendicants often used to beat teachings ofGuru Nanak Dev. "gurgIan dipak their bodies with maces and get alms by ujIaria."-gau m 5. 2 self-realisation, which frightening the householders. transcends all kinds of knowledge. "gUl'gIanu ~ [gurjotI llight of the Almighty, spiritual padarathu namu hE."-suhi ~ ill 4. enlightenment. "gurjotI arjun mahI dhari." QfOcitt.r [gurgopJ, ~ [gurgopak] adj (one) -savEye ill 5 ke. Guru less; one who conceals the name of his ~ [gurajhl, qrd'"5?i' [gurjhanl n entangled knot. or her spiritual mentor and pretends to be fully "sakat sutu bahu gurjhi bhana."-kalI a ill 4. divine. 2 maligner of the Guru. See iittlo. ~ [gurtal See CjJg3T. qJQ 'iitfife' [gur gobfd] Guru Gobind Singh. 'Qfd'3t [gurtil See ~. "gurti adI dehf sukh "rahIO gur gobfd."-s ill 9.2 spiritual[ guide in kad."-GPS. the guise of Guru Gobind Singh. 3 spiritual ilJdso' [gurdachnal See QjgF6i(c;'. "to prathmE teacher with knowledge ofthe entire universe; gurdachna dijE. pachE ~ravaI). gyan ko kijE." the Creator. -NP. ~ [gurghar] See crrguRf. ilJdedRO [gurdarsanl n philosophy of the Guru; printed scripture depicting the philosophy of ~ [gurcaraI).], ~ [gurcaran] feet ofthe spiritual guide; feet of the mentor. "gurcaraI). Sikhism. "khatu darsanI vartE vartara. gurka lagi sahajI jagi."-brla chJt ill 5. "gurcaran darsan apar apara."-asa ill 3.2 glimpse of the sarevahI gursIkh tor."-basJtill 1. true Master. ~ [gurcall, ~ [gurcalil n religious ilJddAFo [gurdarsam] on having glimpse ofthe Guru. "gurdarsanI udhrE sasara."-asa ill 3. practices of the Guru. "gursIkh mit calahu gurcali."-dhana ill 4. 2 from the scripture of the Guru. qra;:r [gurajl P ;j n mace; knobbed iron club. ilJddAO [gurdarsanul See QjddH('). "gurdarsanu dekhI maI).I hOI bIgasu."-sukhillani. See ~. "pIta prahIlad SIU guraj uthai." -bhEr a ill 3. ~ [gurdarasul See Q]ddH(,). "gurdarasu Qj'OtlOI3' [gurjagatl See~. "gurjagat phIraI). paIa agIanu gavaIa."-tukha chJt ill 4. sib agrau."-savEye ill 2 ke. 'son ofPheru-Guru ~ [gurdanau] See ~. Angad Dev, a universal spiritual guide.' ~ [gurdal P ~)J E kidney; a pair of glands (kidneys) on the backside ofthe abdomen and ilJdAe'd [gurajdarl adjmace holding; possessing a mace; armed with a mace. 2 n a band of below the eleventh rib. They are a kind ofpiped glands, which filter impurities from the blood persons armed with maces like chobdars during

grace.

qraorfH [gurgamI] on the path directed by the

-GPs. See

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and excrete (drain) them as urine through the bladder. QJQeTR" [gurdas] adj follower of a spiritual teacher; disciple of the true spiritual mentor. 2 n Bhai Gurdas. "adI bnddh gurdas gan caM dISI me gurdas."-GPS. A true Sikh, Bhai Gurdas was cousin brother of Bibi BhanL He was initiated into Sikhism by the fourth Guru in 1636 and a acquired knowledge ofthe Sikh doctrine from the fifth Guru. As a preacher, he, wholeheartedly, preached the doctrine of Sikhism. He spread the message of Sikh religion to many places like Lahore, Agra, Kashi etc. According to the historians, the original version of Adi Granth (Guru Granth Sahib) dictated by Guru Arjan Dev was penned by Bhai Gurdas. The verses written by Bhai Gurdas (40 Val's and 556 Kabbits) are a valuable treasure of the Sikh doctrine. It would not be an exaggeration to say that the Sikh code of conduct written by Bhai Sahib has no peer. Guru Arjan Dev remarked that one acquired true knowledge ofSikhism only after studying the compositions ofBhai Gurdas. Bhai Gurdas breathed his last on the 8th day ofthe bright phase oflunar month Bhadon in Sammat 1694 in Goindwal during the time of the sixth Guru. The Guru, personally, performed the last rites. 3 Gurdas, a preachercum collector of tithes and offerings and a descendant of Bhai Ram Rai. He served the tenth Guru after the death of Ram Rai. See "3"d"'. 4 a devoted Sikh poet, who added his own composition to Val'S ofBhai Gurdas as the 41 st Val' which reads: "pio pahul khaqdhar hUI janam suhela. yah yah! gobid sigh ape gur cela." etc. 5 a saint ofUdasi (ascetic) sect of Shikarpur, whose place of worship in Sindh is very famous. He has recorded meanings of

difficult words appearing in Guru Granth Sahib. ~'ij' [gurdaspur] district headquarters of Punjab, which is forty-five miles away from Amritsar by rail. Banda Bahadur was captured here by Abdul Samadhkhan with an army comprising about twenty thousand soldiers and was sent to Delhi. See a%li~d. Q]"dfu'3T [gurdItta] See ~3T ~. 2 son of Tilok Singh and grandson ofBaba Phul, who was the ancestor of Nabha dynasty. Gurditta died in 1754 AD. See~. ~ ~ [gurd I tta baba] Gurdatt Baba. The elder son of Guru Hargobind, born to Mata Damodari on full moon day of Kattak 15 th in Sammat 1670 at Daroli (district Ferozepur). Baba was given religious education and training in martial arts in an excellent way under the supervision of his father Guru. He was married to Ananti, daughter of Rama Sill Khatri at Vatala on 21 sl Baisakh, Sammat 1681. She gave birth to Baba Dheer Mall and Guru Hal' Rai. Baba Gurditta became a disciple of the supreme yogi, Baba Sri Chand. He spread Sikhism for and wide in India through Udasi sect with the help of his four disciples who had all the virtues. Baba ji breathed his last on 10 th day of brighter phase of Chet in Sammat 1695 1 in Kiratpur, where an elegant shrine has been constructed in his memory. See ~. Historians have forwarded two reasons for the title of "Baba" given to him. One, he appeared as Guru Nanak Dev to Sai Buddhan
IBhai Santokh Singh has erroneously written the year as Sammat 1692. The Kartarpur manuscript of Guru Granth Sahib has on its first and last blank pages references to many different dates and events. In "joti jot I samav;m de carr tr". the date given is Chet Sudi 10 Sammat 1695 which is correct.

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Shah; two, he became a disciple of Baba Sri Chand and was appointed chief of his Udasi sect. 2 See ~w GfTST. ~ [gurdikhial religious instruction by the spiritual mentor. "bIn gurdikhIa h:se gIan?"-bheT ill 5.."gurdikhIa jIh manI basE nanak masatkI bhagu."-bavcm. ~ [gurduar] See ~ and \~. 2 religious seat of the Guru. ~ [gurduaral ~~, adv through the Guru, by the spiritual mentor. 2 n religious place for preaching; seat of the Guru. 3 Sikh temple, Sikh shrine, the place established by any ofthe ten Sikh Gurus or where Guru Granth Sahib is reverently kept. The Sikh shrines were named as Dharamsala during the period of Guru Nanak Dev to Guru Arjan Dev. l Initially Amrit Sarovar(Amritsar), it was named as Harimandir by Guru Arjan Dev and dharamsalas were named gurduara from the time of Guru Hargobind. The Sikh gurdwara is a centre of learning for students, preacher for seekers of spiritual knowledge, hospital for the sick, storehouse of food for the hungry, iron-fortress for protecting the chastity of women and resting place for the pilgrims. During the times of the Gurus and the Budha Dal, the gurdwaras were maintained with great care. The priest of a gurdwara used to be an ardent devotee, scholar and bearer of good moral character. With the passage oftime, during the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, major historical gurdwaras came under the control ofDogras who could not manage them properly. This mismanagement also gradually
I"me b<ldhI S<lCU dh<lrmsal he. gursIkha l<lhda bhalIke. per dhova pakha pherda tISlJ nIVI nIVI laga paI jIo."-sri m 5. "pur<lb dh<lr<lmsal benvavahu. bahur aI ham ko lejavahlJ."-NP.

affected other local gurdwaras in various parts of the country. With decline in the preaching ofGurmat, the conventional religious practices also started declining in gurdwaras. The situation deteriorated so much that the Sikh temples became insignificant centres of religion. The priests of Sikh temples stmied using shrine's property as if it were their personal estate and such unholy and immoral acts were committed within the precincts of the gurdwaras as are too shameful to describe. With the passage of time, various organisations and bodies were formed by people of different religions and sects in India to reform their respective religions. This awakened the Sikhs also. They established organisations like Singh Sabha and Khalsa Diwan and initiated reform of the society and religion. Various newspapers like Khalsa Akhbar, Khalsa Samachar etc. and Khalsa Tracts Society started publishing literature on the issues, which created a lot of awareness among the Sikh community. The present Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee is the outcome ofthis movement. The details about the establishment of Prabandhak Committee are worthmentioning in this regard. As people started acquiring knowledge of the Guru's doctrine, they came forward for improving the deteriorating state of affairs in their holy temples, but due to the absence of a strong organisation, desired result could not be achieved. In the annual Khalsa congregation held on October 12, 1920 in Amritsar, when some of the so called untouchables, after being baptised, went to offer the sacred Karah Parsad and cash in the Golden Temple, the

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priest performed prayer in their names initially with some hesitation. But when these baptised devotees went to the Akal Takht to pay .their obeisance, the priests fled away leaving the Akal Takht unattended. The congregation of the Sikhs present there at that time realised that the holy Akal Takht should not be left unattended by a priest, hence they decided to appoint a team of twenty-five Sikhs to be in attendance at the Akal Takht. The Administrator was duly informed of this development. The Administrator and Deputy Commissioner asked the priests to resume their dtity, but they paid no heed to their request. Hence the Deputy Commissioner constituted an adhoc committee of nine Sikhs for the management of the Golden Temple and the Akal Takht at Amritsar. All the members of this managing Committee were supporters of the Gurdwara Reform Movement. The new managing committee realised the need to form a representative and common committee of the Sikhs and hence they got a Hukamnama issued by the Akal Takht to summon a general assembly ofthe entire Sikh Panth on November 15, 1920 so as to constitute a representative committee. The plenary meeting held on November 15 and 16 resolved to constitute a committee of 175 memb~rs, which was named as Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee. The inaugural meeting ofthis committee was held at Akal Takht on December 12, 1920. In this meeting all the members were strictly scrutinised and the office bearers were elected and a subcomm~ttee for drafting the constitution of SGPC was cbnstituted. The SGPC was got registered on April 30, 1921, and the new elections were held the same year in July after

finalising the constitution. The elected members nominated one-fifth members of its total strength on August 14, 1921, and a meeting of the full committee was held on August 27, 1921. The committee initiated the task of gurdwara reforms with great zeal and devotion. Many hurdles were faced, and as detailed under, a large number of sacrifices had to be made for this purpose. On lanuary 25,1921, when a discussion about the terms and conditions of agreement between the priests and the reformers was going on, the priests suddenly attacked the Sikhs with sticks and battle axes. As a result, seventeen Sikhs were wounded, and Bhai Hazara Singh and Bhai Hukam Singh were martyred. Taking cognizance of the malpractices of Mahant Narain Dass ofNankana Sahib, SGPC resolved in its general body meeting on January 24, 1921 that a massive congregation be held at Nankana Sahib on March 4, 5 and 6 and called upon the whole Panth to be there to warn the Mahant to reform himself. When he came to know about the above development, the Mahant, instead of reforming himself, started accumulating weapons. On February 20, 1921, a group of 150 Sikhs marched towards Nankana Sahib with the intention of reforming the Mahant and paying obeisance, only to be mercilessly butchered. Some of these martyrs were killed with gun shots and sharp-edged weapons, while others were burnt by pouring oil on them. After this horrible tragedy, the government handed over the keys of the holy Sikh shrine to SGPC on the eve of February 21. Due to some misunderstanding, the Deputy Commissioner took the keys of the treasury

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belonging to Darbar Sahib from SGPC on November 7, 1921. This incident hurt the feelings of the community and many Sikhs were arrested. At last, the keys were handed over to Sardar Kharak Singh, president ofthe committee, on January 19, 1922. On August 8, 1922, the issue of cutting forest-wood for use in the common kitchen of Guru Ke Bagh (Ghukewali) flared up so much that the Sikhs offered themselves for arrest on August 12. The police resorted to severe beating ofthe Sikhs. The matter was resolved through the intervention of a devotee, Sir Ganga Ram, on November 17. The number of arrests in this agitation rose to 5,605 including 35 members of SGpc. 1 An important and significant work clone during this reform movement was to desilt the holy tank of Amritsar. Millions of devotees thronged to Amritsar and devotees, belonging to all castes and sects, participated in this holy work. The desilting process was started on June 17, 1923. This scene was worth s, eing. Keeping in view the impulse for gurdwara reform movement and the sentiments of the Sikhs, the government realised that some concrete steps be taken for the management ofgurdwaras and it announced the cons titution of an assessement committee for the purpose. A decision was taken on February 16, 1921 to hold a meeting between representative:s of SGPC and the priests under the chairmanship of Sheikh AsgarAli, but this proposal did not materialise. On March 14, 1921, Mian Fazal Hussain moved a resolution in Punjab Council to introduce a bill about reforming the
(Many more sacrifices were made by the Sikhs at several places during Gurdwara Reform Move:ment, the description of which is avoided to limit the size ofarticle.

management of holy places. A decision was taken to constitute a three-member gurdwara commission till a Bill was passed, but instead of constituting a gurdwara commission the government decided to present the gurdwara Bill on AprilS. This proposal could not mature and ultimately, after detailed deliberations and efforts, the Sikh Gurdwara Act 1925 (Punjab Act No VIII of 1925)was passed, which was approved by the Governor General on July 28, 1925 and it was implemented with effect from November 1, 1925. According to this Gurdwara Act, a meeting of the elected members of the Gurdwara Central Board was held on September 4, 1926 in Town Hall Amritsar and fourteen members were elected. The first meeting of the full Central Board was held on October 2, 1926 in Town Hall Amritsar. After the election of officer bearers and the executive committee, it was resolved to rename the Central Board as Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee. This name was approved by the Government vide its notification dated January 17, 1927. The previous Shiromani Committee started handing over the charge to the newly formed Shiromani Committee on November 27,1926 which was completed on December 4, 1926, thus effectively merging itselffully into the new one. The SGPC, Sikh thinkers, all Sikh organisations and societies earnestly desire that gurdwara management should set an example for others. But so long as(a) the priests of the gurdwaras are not fully conversant with Sikh doctrines, and don't become scholars in the real sense and have high moral character; (b) the Udasis, Nihangs, Nirmalas and Namdharis do not forego their fanaticism and

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consider themselves as sons ofthe same father and behave like brothers; and (c) don't rise above the snares of the illusory world and follow the ideals of selfless service, the terms "Reform" and "Management" will remain restricted to mere talking and writing. The priests of the gurdwaras should recite daily in the morning the following verse ofBhai Gurdas: bahar ki agclnI bujhat jal santa kE, nau mE jJ ag lagE kEse kE bujhaiE? bahar se bhag ot lijiat kotgarh, garh mE jo lutlijE, kaho kat jaiE? coran ke tras ja I $aran gahe nad d, mare mahipatI jiu kEsekE bacaiE? mayaqar qarpat har gurdvare javE, taha jJ maya bIapE, kaha thahuaiE? -kabItt 544. With earnest desire the author of this book prays to the Almighty that a time should come at the earliest, when we shall find priests, granthis and mahants like Baba Buddha Ji. ' Bhai Gurdas Ji 2 , Sant Almasat Ji. 3 , Bhai Kanhya Ji4, Bhai Mani
lBaba Buddha was appointed priest of Harimandir in Sammat 1661. According to Gurvilas"nIjman Ih VIcarte bhae. guru gr5th scv;)k kfh k;)c. bedi S09hi ko dIU seva. v5s uc manE nIj bheva .... kar;)t VIcar eh th;)hIrai. bU99ha ji seva nIpunai."-d 5.

'Bhai Gurdas was a script writer and religious preacher ofGuru Arjan Dev. He used to narrate hymns ofGurbani to the devotees in the congregation daily. lBaba Gurditta sent Almasat to U.P. for preaching Sikhism. He stayed mostly in Nanak Matta. Guru Hargobind solved all his problems on reaching Nanak Matta. 'He was appointed preacher by the ninth and tenth Gurus. He was admired by the tenth Guru, when he served water as well as dressed the wounds of both Sikhs and Mughals during the battles of Anandpur.

Singh Ji s , and Mahatama Gurbakhash 6 , so that the principles of Sikhism, which were laid down by Guru Nanak Dev, spread throughout the world. ~fTQT ntqc [gurduara Ekt], ~}')fl'OT 1JLfTQ [gurduara sudhar], qr~hfTOT ':[<fl:lCl" [gurduara prabadhak kameti] See ~ 3. ~ [gurduanl, ~ [gurduarE] within the gurdwara, in the gurdwara, before the Guru. "kIU SOhE gurduan."-sri m 1.2 through the Guru, by the Guru. "jag jitau gurduan." -savE'ye m 2 ke. "gurduarE harIkirtanu SUQiE."-maru solhe m 5. ~ [gurdeul, ~[gurdev] god-like mentor, reverent master. "gurdev mata gurdev pIta." -bavCll1. 2 deity worthy of worship. 3 Guru Nanak Dev-the supreme mentor. ij]ae~e [gurdevae] (fourth declension) to the deity, to the god-like spiritual guide. "sri gurdevCle nClmah."-sukhmClni. ~ [gurdvaral, ~~aHit [gurdvara prabadhClk bmetiJ See ~ 3. ~ [gume kala] a village under police station Moonak, tehsil and subdivision Sunam ofPatiala state. A gurdwara in memory of Guru Teg Bahadur exists one furlong away to the west of the village. A small shrine is built there with a residential house adjoining it. The priest is a Sikh. A regular cash grant of rupees 300 per annum is given by Patiala state and] 0 bighas of land is attached to the gurdwara from the village. It is situated about one mile north-west of Gurne railway station.- - - - - - - - - -

w=rit

aw

5Bhai Sahib was appointed Granthi of Harimandir in Sammat 1778. Even the fanatic Muslims could not help lauding the explication of Gurbani by him. Bhai Mani Singh turned Amritsar into a centre of knowledge. "Sant Gurbakhax was appointed priest of gurdwaras of Anandpur when Guru Gobind Singh was leaving Anandpur. He discharged this duty very efficiently.

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[gurpag] feet of the spiritual guide. qratrOT [gurpag] feet of the Guru. "mastak q.an "gurpag jharahI ham bal."-prabl1a m 4.. gurpagIo."-gau m 5. 'at the feet of spiritual guide.' ~[gurparsad] grace ofthe spiritual guide (guru). ~Q" [gurpur] See QJSf1:!Q". ~ [gurparsadIl, q:Rfl~ [gurp~rsadi] ~QS" [gurpurab] See ~. "bhaI bhagatI due to the grace of the spiritual teacher, by the gurpurab karade."-BG. grace ofthe Guru. "gurparsadI na hal satapu." ~ [gurprasad] n grace ofthe Guru, blessings -bIla m 5. "gurparsadi paIa."-sri ill 1 jogi of the Guru. adar. "gurparsadi eko jaI).a."-majl1 am 3. ~[gurprasadI] See qrg and ywfu. "ajuni ~ [gurpargas] n wonderous I~ffect of sl'bha gurprasadI."-japu. 2 by the grace of the Guru's teaching. 2 self-realization. 3 adj the Guru; due to the grace/blessing of the Guru. infinite light, superior to that emitted by the sun "gurprasad I nanak man I jagahu. "-sukl1mani. and the moon. QralIC!'?'ft [gurpraIJ.ali] See QJS!l;f~. ~ [gurparvan] n authenticity ofthe Guru, ~ [gurpr~tap] a village Guru ka Chakk authenticity of the Guru's utterance. 2 adjthe under police station Banga, tehsil Nawan authentic Guru, the Guru proven with all Shahar, district Jalandhar. A Sikh shrine named testimonies. "seVIa gurparvan."-savE'ye m Gurpratap in memory of Guru Tegh Bahadur 2 ke. is situated half a mile to the west ofthis village. qrat.rlff [gurpalasl, ~ [gurpalah] a kind The Guru stayed here for one month while of tree - Butea frondosa, that has some going to Kiratpur from Baba Bakala. There was dearth of water in the area. The connection with the Guru. The following gurpalah trees are famous. In village Sotar, Guru got a well dug on the request ofthe people halfkoh to the north of village Banga in district of the area. Mata Gujri gave first cut to the Jalandhar, the sixth Guru rested for some time earth for the well and founded the village Guru under this tree. A religious congregation is held ka Chakk. on 20 th Harh every year. It is situated one mile Maharaja Ranjit Singh transferred the to the west of Banga railway station. 2 Two whole of the land of the village to the kohs east of Phagwara there is a gurpalah, gurdwara. It used to be cultivated by the under which the seventh Guru took rest. 3 a villagers on behalf of the gurdwara; but now gurpalah related to the ninth Guru near village under the British rule, the villagers have been Sarale five im [kohl east of Phagwara. 4 a given status of hereditary cultivators ofthe land gurpalah, twelve ~(J [kohl to the west of by Sodhis of Anandpur and they themselves claim ownership of the land and thus collect Anandpur under which the tenth Guru stayed for some time while returning from Bhabaur. and settle rent of the same. There is still 15 This tree exists one furlong to the east ofvillage ghumaons ofland in the name ofthe gurdwara. Bathu. Land measuring twenty five ghumaons This holy place is one and a half mile to the south ofKultham Abdullashah railway station. is attached to this holy place. An annual grant of Rs 25 is given by Nabha state. This is QralI"311.l1JOH [gurpratapsuraj] See ~. situated ten miles to the east of Jejo railway ~ [gurbakhas] See ~. station. ~ fl:fur [gurbakha$ SIgh] See ~ fi:fur.

QJ~

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[gurbacnat] (ablative case) from the the Guru. 2 wish of the Guru, will of the Guru. Guru's word. "gurbacnat kamat krrpa te."-sar 3 advice of the spiritual guide. "gurmatI lehu m5. tarahu bhav dutaru."-maru sollle m 1. 4 by QJ'~ [gurbacanI], iIT~ [gurbacni] by the Guru's precepts. "gurmatI paIa sahajI Guru's teachings; according to the utterances mIlaIa."-suhi chat m 3. "gurmati manu ofthe Guru. "gurbacanI dhIaIa jInha agamu nIjgharr vasIa."-vaQ chat m 3. harr."-var kan m 4. "gurbacni sukhu upj." ~ [gurmanarrl See J..I7iTfu. --soram 5. ~ [gurmaril Sirhind town. See ~. :qralrd' [Gurbat] A ..::--;) foreignness, sense of ~ [gurmukh] See QJ2ljCf. 2 n countenance being abroad (in a foreign county) 2 poverty, of the Guru. "gurmukh dekh SIkkh penury. 3 non-familiarity, lack of bIgsavhi."-GPS. 3 a person devoted to the acquaintance. "gurbat sigh s6 nahI khuli Guru, never defiant of him. "gurmukh SIU hamari."-PPP manmukhu are c;lub."-var majh m 2. QI'a'aT[gurba] P neat. 2 ~j plural of Garib. ~ orr3t [gurmukh ga til See 0JT3t. ~ [gurbal).i], ~ [gurbani] n hymns of QJ'Q'lj'l:fT [gurmukhal, iIT01:f1:fT [gurmukhal the Guru Nanak Dev and succeeding Gurus; divine devout Sikhs. "gurmukha harrdhanu khatIa." knowledge received through the Guru. -sava m 3. "gurbal).I ISU jag mahI canal).u."-sri a m 3. QJ"d1iftf [gurmukhIl in the words of the Guru. "gurbal).i harrnam samaIa."-gclU m 4. See in the preachings and utterances of the Guru. "gurmukhI nada gurmukhI veda."-japu. 2 on ~. qjafaMiR [gurbIlas] See <!!Sl f'i!M'H. account of devotion to the Guru. "gurmukhI ~ [gurbas] See ~. mIliE manmukhI vIchur."-majh am 5.3 See ~ [gurbhau] n underlying meaning of the Q:Rltfl:ft. 4 See~. "gurrnUkhI mukta gurmUkhI Guru's utterances. 2 philosophy of the Guru; jugta."-majh am 5. 5 primal lord - Supreme the Guru's precepts. 3 devotion to the Guru. lord. "oa gurmukhI kio akara."-bavan. 'f ~[gurmahall residential place ofthe Guru. (Braham) the beginning of the creation.' 6 to 2 status of the Guru. 3 stage of realisation. the devout Sikh. "gurmukhI sada hajurr."-sri 4 wife ofthe spiritual guide. m 1. ~1 [gurmahli] by the Guru's wife. Qfd1i1:it [gurmukhi] n a script used for Punjabi 2 deserving the supreme stage of realisation. language, which originated from Sharda and "gurmahli so mahalL bulav."-basat a m 1. Tankri. The devotees wrote the utterances QJ'~ [gurmal).ia] n a supreme precious of the Gurus in this script. Hence the name "Gurmukhi". The language of the people of jewel, that fulfills wishes ofthe person owning it. 2 spiritual knowledge. "guru pas saci Punjab can be accurately written in this gurmal).ia."-var bIla m 4. script, that is why it is also named as Punjabi QI'mid' [gurmat] the Guru's precept; the Guru's script. philosophy. 2 principal religious tenets Some authors are ofthe view that this script was created by Guru Angad Dev, but it is a established by the spiritual mentor. QJ'6HdT [gurmata] See q]gHdT. misconception. Guru Angad Dev only QI"dJ-ffa' [gurmatIl, QJW8t [gurmatil n views of popularised this script. patti written by Guru
qjaatli'l'd

--:J

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(2)

These specimens are of very early Gurmukhi writing. Due to orthographic variations, letters are required to be of various types. The earliest writers., employing the Gurmukhi script, had recourse only to such letters. The first specimen is the picture of a page from an early manuscript of Guru Granth Sahib, preserved in Buta Singh Hakim's dharamshala, situated in Rawalpindi. The second specimen is the picture of a page from the Janamsakhi entrusted to the East India Company by Mr. H. T. Colebrooke. It is preserved in its London office. Having known of its existence from Dr. Trumpp's article on this Janamsakhi, Sikhs residing in Amritsar, applied for its copy to the Punjab government in 1883. Acting upon the order issued by Sir Charles Aitchison the then Lt. Governor, its photographic copy was prepared in Dehradun in 1885 with help given by the Surveyor General of India. Heads of Sikh states and prominent personalities of the faith then got copies of it from the government.

PICTURES OF GURMUKHI (NEW AND OLD)

-------------'

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No:- 3 In 1795-1810, Sikh savants based in Damdama Sahib radically altered the Gurmukhi orthography. Thereafter, it came to be known as Damdama mode of writing. Its letters look very elegant. Prior to it, Guru Granth Sahib was printed in lithograph.

No:- 4
In 1876, Maharaja Ranjit Singh established his mle in Kashmir. Sanskrit writers, having learnt the Gurmukhi script, began to transcribe scriptures and Guru Granth Sahib into it. Thereafter, it came to be known as Kashmiri Gurmukhi. Lala Dhani Ram Chatrik prepared its printing letters.

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No:- 5 Guru Gobind Singh devised this orthography. Guru Sahib and the writers like Sainpat, whom he patronized, employed it in most of their poetic compositions. This is a photocopy of page 746 of Dasam Granth, which Bhai Mani Singh had compiled and now lies at Hazoor Sahib. In the Nabha royal palace, is available a manuscript composed in such letters. Copies of the Hukamnama, preserved in the Faridkot treasure-house, observe the same pattern. Ignorant persons were of the view that these letters were itched with sharp ends of the arrows. For the benefit of the readers, the text ranging from the second to the eleventh line, is reproduced here. Letters, got dim in the manuscript, are replaced with sign.... This text is from the Kalki portion of Dasam Granth. In the printed copies, it is on pages 559-562. ... d a stgq;kd eEsk a no wkce? fcx;rJ:\lko?? fEqiwvJ::h ;zr e? ill:/ a i:=q s:=q fis? fss? nfs dkB -wkB G 2 ... ; [cx:ki iI'I fB:::g:kL jP? frfmki ;/CN'Ako::eJ; [ygkf.JjoypYktJe? frqj nkfJ:' i; ;zrb?a 3 ... st gq; kd eEsk a nfa ihEsihEsrGhs j P? j r j 'w iZr .xE/ eo/ ad!; d/; n; /; fC,5e a' r ; 'r; 4 ... e [mki iI' I fdiakiEe pj [ Gks dkfcrl V'Jkae () ir ihEs ; zGo e' ubI' i: fis fes fpEk:c:e? 5 ... 410 a w' jBSzd a stgq; kd eEsk a irihfs p/d g: ko s/ ir ; [noE noE fuskohnz a d/; d/; fpd/; wkBt G/ 6 ... ekohrJz aXcx:JkV if' I ClDLkV jP? fErlJ'e ihE:3 ;p? J:hJ/ apj [ dkB d? ;BtikB ; /te G/i G/ 7 ... hJ/ aW'jB Szda st gq;kd eEskay!:Jyzvyz:v fpjzve? no dzfvdzvpv' 00: ' anoE y 8 ... fd::p ; [ ills e? rgB' eh: ' a aD ihEs ihEs njjlS i 'XB Ssq 981 fSBkJhoz a ; crlko fpz; fs elk 9 ... 0 SPeC[ fmkJhnz a 5411 a wEkB Szd a st gq; kG eEsk a Ski? wjk i ' fs a GkBz WE' d' fs a 10 ... dhB a fwbp?DBk: ehB a 5412 a",18kB Szda st gq;kd eEsk a oki? wjk o{g a bki? ;p G{g 11

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No:- 6
It was in 1845 that the christian missionaries first prepared the Gurmukhi script, with this title, the book came out in 1846.

IDIOMATIC SENTENCES
IN

ENGLISH AND PANJABI

WDIANA.

Printed at the American Presbyterian Mission Press.

1846. Afterwards in 1887, Bhai Hira Nand and other persons prepared typing letters from time to time. They are known to all.

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kaho gurvahu."-asa m 5. ~~ [gurvak] qrg~ n utterance of the Guru. See~. ~ [gurvakI] Guru's utterance. "gurvakI satIgur jo bhaI calE."-tukha ch;'Jt m 4. H~~W~~~W9~R~~Z3~V~3~~q ~ [gurvaku] See~. "gurvaku nIrm<llu 7) 1..[ G ~ ~ }f "Gf ~ (') ~ ;r ~ 1". sada canaD."-dhana ch;'Jt m 1. When we compare Gurmukhi characters \lldFoi!!C'S'A [gurVIlas] See q]"2~. with those of Sharda and Tankri script, we find Qldoilij1d [gurvicar] n principles laid down by a lot of similarity in the formation of many of the spiritual mentor; Guru's sagacity; Guru's them. thinking. The changes in the formatIOn ofGurmukhi ijfaliltlil'a [gurvican] with Guru's thinking, per Guru's philosophy. "tariE gurvican."-sri m 1. characters from time to time are subsequently illustrated. IlJEl:'3 i {J(')i [gur-rauna] v See QJd"OW. QfID.fl:ff [gurmukhi] the devout did. ~[guraha], ~[guraDa] adjpertainingto the Guru, of the Guru. "mIl sats;"igatI s~g ~ [gurmukhu] See ~. guraha."-jEt m 4. i[~3 [gurm~t], crr~~ [gurm~tu], qI~~ [gurm~tr], qr~~ [gurm~tr-ra] n rdigious QT~ [gurala] guru's house, organisation formula, specific words which are spoken by established by the Guru. 2 conscience. 3 final the spiritual nwntor to the followers as a stage (besides the nine openings in human body) "surat s;"ikoc bajr khul tala. dhasyo maddh sermon; words to be practised by the new followers as Instructed by their spiritual jahf sukhad gurala."-GV 10. teacher; the f{jndamental scriptural formula 'Il]fa' [gun] guru. "gun kati mIh~c.ii jevari."-sri consisting oJ words representative of all m 5 pEpaI. "gun asa rnansa puria."-bIha chat religions. According to the Sikh doctrine, m 4. 2 Skt~: (plural ofthe third declension) "S<ltInam vahIguru." "jnn j<lpIO gurm~tu." the Gurus, the true Masters. 3 ~ large, heavy. -5 m 9. "calat bEsat sovat jagat gurm~tr ndE i[~ [gurIai] n Guruship, status of the cItarI."--maiu tn 5. "gurm~tr-ra cItarI nanak mentor, status of the spiritual teacher. "prapat dukh na thivdi."-var guj 2 m 5. bhi gunai."-GPS. ~ [gurar] Dg n arrogance, conceit, vanity. ~ [gurIaDi] wife of the Guru. ~ [gur-rasvJ spiritual bliss-i.e. supreme ~ ifl;r [gurae khel] See q,~. pleasure. 2 taste of Gurbani (Guru's hymns) IlJ Faai~ [gurIbabEl Baba is the Guru; Guru "gur-rasu git baG! n<lhi bhaVE."-o;'Jkar. Nanak Dev. "gurIbabE phItke so plnte, gun ;"igadI kite kupare."-var gdU 1 m 4. ijJ ddH(')i [gur-rasni'!] the Guru's utterance. "gurr<lsna ;"imntu boldi."-tIl;'Jg m 4. Q)'(ft [guri] Skt -aTa1" adj fair-complexioned. "guri gJrja."-c;'Jc;fi 2. Gauri Girija. 2 heavy, large, ~ [Gur-ra] P adjthundering, roaring. huge. ~ [Gur-rana], .ijJda1t"!(') [Gur-ridan] P ~~:j v thunder. 2 roar. ~ [guria] adj significant, prestigious, heavy, large. "pritI pritI guria moh<ln lalna."-suhi q:rm? [gural] n wild male goat.

Nanak Dev in Raga Asa, clarifies thi~; doubt. The alphabet of thirty-five letters prevalent at that time contains all letters except;r [r] present in patti only. They are not availlable in the script of any language other than Punjabi. The sequence of letters in the patti is as under:

~ [gurvahu] glory to the.Guni. "nanak das

LJlf

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m 5 partal. 2 Some authors have referred to Bhai Gonda as Guria. "kabul me guria guru ko ek s I kkh huto. "-gval. QI9 [guru] See Q)Q' 3. 2 n spiritual teacher, religious mentor. "guru isaru guru gorakhu barma."-japu. "tlnI kau kla updesiE jlnI guru nanakdeu?"-var majh m 2. Guru Hargobind has described four types ofspiritual teachers: (a) guru like a large flower-sucking black bee-this type of guru turns a particular insect like itselfbut not all the insects. (b) guru like a philosopher's stone converts iron into gold but does not induce qualities ofa philosopher-stone in it. (c) guru like sandalwood-makes the surrounding trees fragrant in a particular season, but not in all seasons and cannot induce fragrance in the bamboo tree in any season. (d) guru like a lamp-lights up other lamps just like itself. 3 Jupitor. 4 teacher, guide, mentor. 5 a character of two matras, which takes twice the time taken to pronounce a laghu (short) character. The characters with following vowel signs are long ones (guru)clor [a], f'ffi:rrffi [il, ~'& [u], EW [el, ~ [El, ~ [0], ~ [:J], ftfeT/fitft r-J, fu:Rror: ~ (addition), ~ [v]. The initial character in a word with conjunct characters is considered guru (long) like F.f and fH in "F.l"q: and ~ respectively. If the initial part of a conjunct character is not stressed, then it remains a laghu (short), as for example Gf and or are laghu in futr and ~w respectively. To keep the reading of metre apt, sometimes laghu is pronounced and written as guru e.g. "nath nrrajan tva saran". In this sentence ~ [tv] is ldghu but to complete the matra of the chappay metre, it is read as tVE, in the same way "raccha hal tahI sabh kala.

du:;;t arI:;;t tarhf tatkala". Here C? ofO[!(? [kal] and tatkala is made long. CIT [gal, qr [gu], ill [gol, associated with guru are long. They are supposed to have two matras and 5 is the sign for writing them. 6 father. 7 king. 8 Guru Nanak Dev. 9 The transcendent one, the Creator. 10 heavy, weighty. 11 detailed. 12 n key to some meaning or doctrine. ~ [guruani] n mentor's wife. 2 a woman who gives religious discourse. ~ [guruabsu] n mentor's fear, sticking to mentor's order. "guruakasu jlnI namu drlrala."-soram 1. ij)gHdij)S! [gurusatguru], '!!SlHf3,!!d [gurusatIgur] See QJdHd,!!d. ij)gJ:lae [guru:;;abad] See qromIe' and~. ij)gHae1 [gurusabdi] by the Guru's teachings. "gurusabdi sabhu brahamu pachanla. "-maru solhe m 1. 2 practitioner of the Guru's words. QJ'9"H"d' [gurusar] See ~. 2 See ~. QJ'9"H"d' ~ [gurusar manikaral).] See ~
~.

~ [gurusakhi] See ~.

~ [guruslkh] See
~.

fHcr, ffi1:r and ~.

Q[Y'1Il:f [gurusukh], Q]'Y'lIlf [gurusukhu] See

'QTS!1J'd' [gurusut] Guru's son.

Q[Y''lJmiTl!'dTlf [gurusUfaypratap] See

qrg~d"'tf

'lfOGT.
~ [guruseva]

n service of the Guru. See

~.
~ [gurusobha] See ~.

ij)gHdlfa [gurusagatI] n Guru's proximity. 2 Sikh community. thaqhe kar jorkE krItat s6 pukarr dut achi gurusagatI ju hui hE patijlye, beri pay qarkE lapetkE jajirr hath k~th t:Jk pay hlye ag dhar lijlye, phasi katI nak daq kadhan pE thabhe dhar

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$rJmn mE pfjre J bahi dhoI pijIye, by the Gurus. See oftr Ff'Tfu"a'. ses narkavli batork: uthay mut;! QJ9l1Rf [gurugharl See ~ 3. "gurughar ki bhari bhim gd mE nI$;}k sd kijIye. maryada p;'lcahu."-GPs. -sat llIha] SIgh. ~ [gurugharnil wife of the Guru. ~[gurus;}tl,~ [gurus;}tul n Guru Nanak "gurugharni damodri."-GPS. Dev, the supreme saint. "gurus;'ltu paJa prabhu ~liI' [guruc;'ldrodayl See ~. '('iT('i'q ~eor. dhIaIa."-suhi chatm 5.2. Guru Nanak Dev's QJ9t'1dld [gurujagatl See QJd'HdT3' and trdl'3'QJ9'. devout Sikh. See~. QT'9't'I'O [gurujanl n elderly persons, mother, father, religious teachers etc. "guruj;m ki Ijjat QJ9Dlaal [gurukarDil See ~. bahu karni." --G V 6. QJ9'"Dl"'d" [gurukar 1 See ~. QT'9'~ [gurukul] n Guru '5 dynasty, lineage, QT'9'R'S [gurujotIl, err'9'~S [gurujyotIl See family. erraBB. QT'9'~lJ-et [gurubmudil a Sanskrit scripture ~[gurutalpil Skt :l,l#'dR-q;\n one who has access to the Guru's bed, one who has illicit written by Ram Narayan in which Guru Nanak Dev and his successors are shown as divine relation with mother-like respectable women. incarnations with quotations from the holy "gurutalpi kapti hE joi. bat;! tankhahi jamhu scriptures of Hinduism. sohi. "-tanalna. QT'OIH [gurugaml See Q)QOTH'. 'QJ"9"dT [gurutal, err2~ [gurutval n heaviness. 2 greatness, importance. "guruta guru sahI QT'9'~ [gurugIral utterances of the Guru, hymns of the spiritual mentor, utterances and sak: su nahi."-GPS. 3 act of being the Guru, instructions of the ten Gurus. Guruship. 4 Guruhood, status of the Guru. "guruta nnpta dOll sIdh bIdhI."-gurupad. QT'9'faror Dlirit [gurugIra kasJti] touchstone; Gurbani as the criterion; a book entitled QJgef6ilC!' [gurudakPDa], ~[gurudakhDal Gurgira Kasauti written by me in which articles n offerings given to a teacher or priest; cash or clothes, land, house etc offered to the 0~1 Sikh history and books about Irelliglion are spiritual teacher on acquiring education or evaluated on the criterion of Gurbani. As the purity of gold is tested by a touchstone, religious teaching. similarly suitability ofeach article is tested by ~ 1fTaT [gurudatt babal See ~ ~. comparing it with Gurbani. See ~fH313~"t!t QJgeaHn [gurudarasanl See evaeaH('). QJgefa~ [gurudanauJ n the Guru as a river. ~. QT2QT2 [gurugurul adj lord of teachers, mentor "gurudariau sad a jalu nIrmalu mIlIa durmatImdu har."-prabha m 1. 2 god Varun of the spiritual teachers of all religions, the Creator, the Almighty. "guruguru eko yes (deity of rivers and oceans), who is lord of all rivers. Udasi saints and many Sikhs make an anek."-sohrla. "jan nanak han guruguru mIlau."-basat m 1. 2 n Guru Nanak Dev. offering to the lord of waters, Varun, while QJ9dlfae [gurugobfdl See evadlfde. 2 See cltfa't: distributing karah parsad among devotees because god Varun took Guru Nanak Dev to fR'ur~. the realm of the True One from the rivulet, ~ [gurugnhl n Guru's abode. 2 the Sikh vel in Sultanpur. The believers in Gurbani regard shrine. 3 sect ofthe Guru, system ofGuruship. this ritual against the Sikh doctrine. ~[gurugr;'lthl sacred Sikh scripture compiled

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[gurudasI See iITotTH 2. 2 devotee of the True Master. ~ [gurudaspurI See ~ . ~ [gurudas bhaiI See ~ 2. illS! Fd' [gurudIttaI adj bestowed by the Guru. 2 n a devotee of Guru Arjan Dev. 3 Sec ~
QIgt!1'l1

~.

wife of the Guru. ~H1!~[gurupadprempraka$] a history, in verse, of the ten Gurus written by Bawa Sumeru Singh (head priest of Patna Sahib) son of Baba Sadhu Singh of Bhalla lineage. Its tenth volume has been published, which contains an account of the tenth Guru. See

See ~~. ~ [gurudik$aI, iITg~fT [gurudikhIaI, ~ [gurudIkhya], ~ [gurudichaI n initiation or imparting ofreligious instruction given by the Guru; process ofobtaining religious instructions. 2 The term gurudikhIa has been used for gurudak$Il).a in Guru Vilas ofthe sixth Guru. "sahIb buq.q.he ke pag lage, gurudikhIa dini matI page." ~ [guruduaral See ~ and ~. ~ [gurudevI See~. 2 the eternal Being, the mentor of the Guru. "dharam het gurudev pathae. ".- VN. iilS!iE@ [gurudevaeI See ~. ~ [gurudvarJ, ~ [gurudvaraI, ~ [gurudhamI See ~ and~. 2 residence of the Guru. 3 Sikh shrine, religious place of the Sikhs. 4 temple ofGod, the Golden Temple. "sudha sarovar aru gurudhamu."-GPS. Q.nro'"'6" [gurunath] n lord of the Gurus; the Creator. 2 Guru Nanak Dev. See l:fi'i?iT. illgFd'

war [gurudItta babaI

}}ifG ft:fu.r.
~ [guruparnali] See
ijJgl.fOa"

iIT2l:ferID.

illslO'oO(~[gurunanakd'Cv] Sec~~~.

illSlo'oO(J~'etif[gurunanakcadroday] an excellent

composition in Sanskrit by poet Dev Raj, which is a translation of Bhai Bala's Janam Sakhi. Pandit Brahma Nand, an Udasi saint, has written its annotation. iii 9 0 '00( l:f~ [gurunanak praka$ I See tf3cr ft:fu.r
and~~. ~ [gurupacasa]

an invocation containing fifty stanzas written to glorify the Guru. See i'l<:fo an d OJ'C5. ~[gurupatni] wife of the spiritual mentor,

[guruparab] n festival or occasion related with the Guru; an auspicious day pertaining to the Guru. See Q.RJ1:f01f and l../O"a". ~ [guruputrI son of the Guru. ijJglJo [gurupurI Ramdaspur, Amritsar city. rajt sur hva to Iha sadhu sur rajt sada sudha hE vaha to hya sudhasar daras hE. pan kIye vake hot amar su marahukE jivanmukat yah sabh ko paras hE. gval kWI yogInI ko durlabh kaha hE yah yogi bhogi doun ko hot hya haras hE. hva hE hanm5du hya han guru m5du hE ya te gurupur surpur te saras hE. ijJglJ'ij'l:f [gurupurakh] n follower of the Guru, devotee of the Guru. 2 spiritual guide in the form the Divine. "gurupurakh ajanma." -gaum 4. ilJ91:['R"'e" [guruprasad] n Guru's grace, Guru's blessings. ilJ91:[wfu [guruprasadI] Sec ~~. QJgl:f<!"'ffi [gurupral).aliI, iIT2l:f7l'C?'t [gurupranali] n lineage of the Guru, genealogical chart of the Guru. 2 a book explaining the genealogy of the Guru. Sec l:fm. ijJgl:{3fl.f J;f'ijljf [gurupratap surayI history, in verse, of the nine Gurus, written by Bhai Santokh Singh. This is divided into sections using metaphors like twelve signs ofthe zodiac, six seasons and two solar positions (relative to the equator). The subsections (rays-i.e. chapters) of this book are 1,152 in number.

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huge army ofAhmed Shah, comprising thirty The whole of the history is divided as follows: thousand soldiers, in order to protect the Golden 15t zodiac sign [rasr] contains the life history Temple and ultimately got martyred in the of Guru Angad Dev and Guru AnliH Dev. precincts. A shrine built in his memory is 2nd zodiac sign gives the life history ofGuru situated behind Akal Bunga in Amritsar. 5 a Ramdas. th nephew of Bhai Mati Das. He was the chief ]'d and 4 zodiac signs throw light on Guru attendant of Guru Gobind Singh. Aljan Dev. 51\ 6 th , T h and 8 th zodiac signs depict the ~ [gurub<lkh<li?das] See ~ 1. ~[gurubar:tiL ~ [gurubani] See~. life history of Guru Hargobind. "gurubaJ:li kahE sev<lk j<ln manE partakhr guru 9 th and 1Qth zodiac signs contain tal~s from the life of Guru Hal' Rai and Guru Harkrishan. nrstare."-nClt <l 111 4. sudha ki t<lragni si rog bhr<lm bhagni hE II th and 12 th zodiac signs tell the life-history m<lhasvet ragni m<lhan m<ln mani hE. of Guru Teg Bahadur. krdhS yahr hasni si man<lsv<ltasni hE, Six seasons and two solar positions depict the life of Guru Gobind Singh. gunrn pr<lsasni s<lr<lb j<lg jani hE. krdha cad cadni si mohgham madni hE. This book is popularly nalYled as Surya rrdE ki <lnadni s<ldiv sukhdani hE. Prakash. See Ff3cr fi:fur. prem p<ltrani syani gyan ki jananr jani QJ~IDfF.r [gurubaxa;;] Mahatama Gurbakhash guni bhani bani taki guru gurubani hE.-NP. was a disciple of Mahadev--an Udasi saint; he was assigned the duty of serving at Guru Teg 2 hymns pertaining to the Creator. "rati jar Bahadur's shrine and other holy places. "rkk sunE gurbar:ti."-BG gurubakhas sadhu q.hrg kharyo.tJ:sE vrlokat _ ~ [gurubaba] Guru Nanak Dev. yak ucaryo. b<lsO rha tum seva kalo. k<lr seva iii 9 Fal'S'H [gurubrlas] See QJ <;j F'i!l'S'H. lUj j<llldm sudhro."-GPS. See qJC'?TB"" m. 2 a QJ'91l1T [gurubas] See ~. masad (preacher-cum-co Hector of tithe), who ~ [gurubhar] n faith in the Guru, spiritual attachment with the Guru, beliefin the Guru. remained in attendance at Guru Harkrishan in Delhi. 3 a devoted Sikh ofJoanpur, who used QJ~9TEt [gurubhai] n persons considered as to recite hymns during the stay of Guru Teg brothers for having faith in the same Guru, disciple (son) ofthe father-like Guru. "gurubhai Bahadur in Kashi. He was a skilled musician. ~ fi:fur [gurub<lx<l$ sIgh] See -gtll 'l:f'ST and satus<lt k<lr."-BG. Q@}f3" [gurumat] Guru's philosophy, doctrine QT}f et~. 2 ~ ~. 3 a Sikh of Bherowal laid by the Guru. 2 Sikh religion, Sikhism. belonging to Kalal subcaste who was duly baptised by Guru Gobind Singh on Baisakh 1, QJ9H3"l../Tfu;:rro [gurum<lt parrjat] a book written by Pandit Hara Singh-a saint belonging to the Sammat 1756. He showed great valour in the Nirmala sect. This book contains the essence battle of Anandpur. 4 martyr Gurbakhash of the Guru's precepts. Singh, resident of village Leal (district Amritsar). He was baptised by Bhai Mani QJ91-l3T[gurumata] n a resolution passed according to the Sikh tradition. In earlier times, the Sikhs Singh and was regarded as one of the leaders used to hold consultations in their of the Sikhs. In Sammat 1822 alongwith a congregations, before initiating any worldly or handful of thirty Sikhs, he fought against a

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religious task. The unanimous decison, so taken by the congregation as per Sikh tradition, was named gurmata-the decision ofthe Almighty. Whosoever dared to defy this resolution was declared guilty [tankhahia]. Resolutions ofthe Khalsa were passed in the congregations especially held at Akal Takht and also at Takht Kesgarh on the occasion of lIola Mohalla. Irrespective of personal rivalry, the Sikhs used to participate in the congregations. ~ [gurumatI], ~ [gurumati] Guru's consent, Guru's opinion. 2 by Guru's consent, through Guru's opinion. See~. ~ [gurumagat] a village four kohs to the east of Lahore. Guru Hargobind stayed here while travelling from Lahore to Amritsar. 2 See

sixth Guru and History of the tenth Guru respectively. The poet who authored the history of the sixth Guru, I writes that Bhai Mani Singh narrated the contents to Bhai Bhagat Singh on the banks of Nankiana Sahib Nanaksar. The poet contends that his mentor Dharam Singh then narrated the history to the poet who then versified it. "satra SE bite tabE barakh pajjhatar jan. sav;m mas Ikis dIn gyo sukhad pahlcan. sudi pakkh dIn p;')cmi :;;ri guru ke parsad. pal bhog gurugath ka kar kavlta ahIlad." There arc twenty-one chapters in this book.
See~m?'"4.

Wore.
~ [gurumana] See FlOW 2. ~ [gurumari] The Khalsa had given this

name to Sirhind at the time of the martyrdom of two Sahibzadas and Mata Gujri. See FRJf'Jt!
and~.
~

[gurumukh] See ~. 2 See Hoo. 3 a devoted Sikh of Guru Arjan Dev who expressed his desire to see some devout Sikh. The Guru ftJlfilled his desire by sending him to Bhai Bhikhari, a resident of Gujarat. Scc

~2.

~ [gurumukhi] See ~.

n a style of tying turban, which the Guru had taught to the Sikhs. See tF.rifFr tft Jj03T, from which wc get to know abopt the Sikh turban. ~ [gurum;')tr], ~ [gurum;)tr-ra] See
" _/ n

~ ~ [gurumukhi dastara]

Wij~.
~
Q@ ad()i~81

[gururas] See~. [guru ratnavali] See ~Ci(TR". ~ [guruvar] n day ofVrihaspati, Thursday. Qf'2~ [guruvIlas] There are two wellknown books bearing this title: History of the
/

2 The history ofthe tenth Guru was written by Bhai Sukha Singh the savant in-charge of Keshgarh Sahib (Anandpur). This book was compiled in Sammat 1854. It has 30 chapters. "s;')mat S<:JhIS puran kahlt t<:Jb. ar;x:lh sahIS pun car g;mdt s<:Jb. kvar vadi p;')cdmI rdVlvara. guruvllas Iino dvtara." See, W'2H3" lJ~ m?'" 15. ~ [guruv;'):;;] clan of the Guru; lineage of the Guru; sons ofVedi, Tehan (Trehan), Bhalla and Sodhi subcaste. 2 the Sikh community. W [guru 1See CjJO and <1]2.2 venerable, worthy of worship. "ISU p<:Jd jo arthaI leI so guru hdmara. "-guu asa In 1. ' ~ [gurua] See O!WW. ~ [guruaDal adj of the Guru, related to the Guru. 2 n In district Amritsar, tchsil Tarn Taran, under the jurisdiction of police station Verowal is village Bharoval, to the east ofwhich close to a ditch there is the habitation relating to Guru Angad Dev. The Guru rested here for a while on his way to Khadur Sahib.
Ii\lthough thc pact has not identified himself. yet aftcr full rcsearch I was able to idcntify him and mentioned his name in Gurmat Sudhakar.

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[t is ten miles to the north-west of the railway station ofTarn Taran. A metalled road leads to the gurdwara. 3 In district Lahore, tehsil Kusur, approximately two furlongs away from Patti, in the south-east corner, on a pond there is a place where Guru Nanak Dev stayed for a while. A gurdwara has not yet been constructed. Only a simple structun: called Manji Sahib exists. Close by in the city, there is gurdwara 'Bhatth Sahib' where Bhai Bidhichand stayed in a big ladur (oven) to protect himself from extremely cold weather. 4 in district Hoshiarpur, tehsil Una there is a village Jindwari under the jurisdiction ofpolice station Anandpur. On the outskirts to the north ofthe village, there is a gurdwara dedicated to Baba Gurditta. He brought a dead cow back to life. Guru Gobind Singh also visited this gurdwara. This gurdwara is situated to the east of the railway station Garhshanlkar about twenty miles from river Satluj. Twenty-five ghumaons of land belongs to the gurdwara. An Akali Singh is the priest here. 5 See ~
~.

~ [gurusar]

nthe holy tank got built by the Guru. Due to the Guru's association, it is regarded sacred. There are many holy tanks and gurdwaras bearing this name, but the: most popular ones are the following: 1 There is a holy tank got constructed by the sixth Guru in village Mehraj, district Ferozepur. The Guru camped near this tank and later fought his third battle against the: royal Muslim army. There is a mound here which served as a temporary resting place. Under this mound, lie buried numerous military chiefs of the Guru's army. Maharaja Hira Singh of Nabha state has got constructed a very

beautiful gurdwara at the site ;vhere the Guru pitched his tent. Its head priest Bhai Gajja Singh has been a peerless teacher of musicology among the Sikhs. His rendition of classical music on taus (a type of stringed instrument) has left an indelible imprint on those who have heard him. 2 a pond of the tenth Guru at Damdama (Talwandi Sabo/sabo ki Talwandi). This pond, was sanctified by the ninth Guru. The tenth Guru also set his foot there. 3 a pond, the seat 0 f the tenth Guru about twelve kilometers south of Machhiwara, in Lall village. 4 Another pond at a place in-between Sarav, (Saravan) and Behbal villages lie in the princely state of Faridkot, under the jurisdiction ofKot Kapura police station. The building of the gurdwara was got constructed voluntarily and free of cost by the princely state of Faridkot. Some acres of land free of land revenue have been donated to the gurdwara. The gurdwara is under the aegis of the managing committee of the princely state. S In the princely state of Faridkot, under the jurisdiction ofKotkapura police station, in a village to the south of it, there is a gurdwara named after Guru Gobind Singh. Close to the gurdwara there has existed an unbricked pond, since the time of the Guru. The princely state has donated forty ghumaons of land. On the occasion ofBaisakhi and Maghi, fairs are held. It is three miles to the east of railway station RumanaAlbel Singh. 6 In district Fewzepur, eight kohs to the south of Mukatsar, there is a village with a small pond at the edge of which the tenth Guru rested a while. The village has donated twenty five ghumaons of land to the gurdwara. It is five miles to the north of railway station

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Phakarsar. 7 There is a gurdwara dedicated to Guru Gobind Singh near a village in the jurisdiction of police station Dyalpura, under Phool administration in Nabha state. This village is eighteen miles to the north of railway station, Rampura Phoo!' The Guru came to this village on a hunting expedition from Dina. This village, Gurusar, did not exist then. It came into existence after the Guru's visit. The princely state ofNabha donated seventy ghumaons of land to the gurdwara. A fair is held here during the festival of Maghi. 8 Under the jurisdiction of police station Lopoke, there is the village, Bairar Madoke, in tehsilAjnala, districtAmritsar. About halfa mile from this village, to the south-east, there is a gurdwara dedicated to Guru Hargobind. Close to the gurdwara, there is a brick-lined pond. Eighteen kanals ofland is owned by gurdwara in this village. A fair is held on the 1s t, 2 nd and 3 rd Jeth. In this gurdwara there is a twenty inch long dagger of the sixth Guru. This gurdwara is four miles to the north of railway station Guru Sarsetlani. 9 See rf;:fu- f'aTc? 10 See m:ro 2. 11 See m.r~. 12 See qf~.
13
See~.

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

See ~ cmT.
See~'ij".

See 1..f3" 2. See ~tJ. See ~:. See ofuRw. See dC'H13dl~. See ~if.
See~'ij".

iD~AdHdl'S'<!l

[gumsarsatlal)i] In districtAmritsar,

under the jurisdiction of police station Gharinda, there is a village, Hushiar Nagar. Haifa mile to the north of this village, Guru Hargobind halted near an unbricked pond while on his way to Amritsar from Lahore. Today this pond is a beautiful concrete structure and a magnificiently built gurdwara has been raised here. Maharaja Ranjit Singh and Sikh princely states devoted lot of property and land to the gurdwara. The annual income of the gurdwara from this property is about twenty thousand rupees. Several other gurdwaras and religious places ofthe adjoining areas are attached to this gurdwara. Fairs are held on every Sankranti (when the sun moves from one zodiac sign to another) on the birthday of Guru Ravidas. The railway station is half a mile to the south of Gurusarsatlani. For specific information, see R3Wit. ~ [gums;)rmal)ikan!] a pond situated about 120 steps to the west of the central hall of gurdwara Damdama (Sabo ki Talwandi). It was sanctified by the tenth Guru who set his foot here. iDiR'Fua [gumsalnb] Guru Nanak Dev and his nine incarnations. ilJiwFua'(') [gurusahIbanl plural of guru sahIb. QJ~uaAij'Fe [guruharsahaIl, q:r~uf'ij"FfUTf~ [gumharIsahaI] Sodhi Jivanmall was the sixth generation descendant of Saba Prithi Chand. He lived at Mohammadpur, subdivision Clmnia, district Lahore. In fanaticism, the ruler of Lahore confiscated all the property ofJivanmall and forced him to leave the village. Jivanmall camped in the jungle ofMalwa, on the borders of the territory of Bairars and Dogras. Sardar Sultan ofthe Muslim Dogras welcomed Sodhi Sahib and assured him that as long as they

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were around, he should have nl) fear of Bairars. Jivanmall acquired twenty-four thousand ghumaons ofland and established the village of Guru Harsahai. after the name of his son Harsahai.' Today this village is in tehsil Muktsar, district Ferozepur on LudhianaFerozepore-McLeodganj line of North Western Railway. Now, the present Sodhi is a landlord second only to Nawab Mamdot. Apart from Guru Harsahai, there are about thirty-five villages owned by them. Sodhi .Iaswant Singh sits on the throne. He has a scripture and a big rosary made of wool, which is said to belong to Guru Nanak Dev. People have a glimpse of these prized possessions (sacred relics) on Vaisakhi day. If some devotee wants to have a glimpse of these relics on any other day, he can do so after offering one hundred and twenty five rupees. ~ W ~. [guru ka ab] See ~-a-. ~ w [guru ka kotha] See aor ~ ar. 2 the house of Bhai Khemchanc! Premi. a devout Sikh in Wazirabad, where on his way back from Kashmir, Guru Hargobind rested for a while. The gurdwara owns thirty-six ghumaons of land free of revenue, from the times ofthe Sikh rule in Wajirabad and seventy seven ghumaons of land in a number of other adjoining villages. On the fifth day of the light half of the lunar month of Magh, a spring festival is held fair is also held on DelNali day every year. ~ ar ~ [guru ka khuh] a well got dug by some true mentor like those at Shakargang and Chhiharta etc. ~ err tfu' [guru ka cakk] Ramdaspur. After

aor

getting the sacred nectar pool partially dug, Guru Ram Das helped in setting up a habitation in the area around. This habitation was called Guru ka Chakk then. Guru Arjan Dev changed the name to Ramdaspur. Due to the divine importance of the sacred pool, it came to be known as Amritsar. ~ err traI' [guru ka bag] garden laid by the Guru. Hence it is associated with the Guru's name. The following gardens, bearing this name, are famous: 1 a garden laid by Guru Arjan Dev in between Amrit Sarovar and Kaulsar. 2 a place in Kashi where the ninth Guru first came and stayed. 3 a garden of the ninth Guru, about one kos to the east of Harimandir in Patna. 4 See ~'& ~t. ~ err ~ [guru ka bajar] See ~. ~ err [guru ka bir] See arar -gw tft tT. ~ err [guru ka lahJr] a place about seven kohs north ofAnandpur where .lito ji's marriage with the tenth Guru was solemnized. Mataji's father wanted the marriage to be solemnized atLahore. In order to please him the majestic Guru ordered the Sikhs to build a spectacular town for the occasion. This place is about twenty-eight miles to the north of railway station Garhshankar. A fair is held annually on Basant Panchmi. A baptized Sikh is the head priest here. About eighteen ghumaons of freehold land, since the times of Sikh rule in Punjab, is owned by the gurdwara. Close to the darbar (the gurdwara) is a fresh water spring, which sprang up when Guru Gobind Singh thrust his spear into the earth. See tfl3"

m-

re

re

1-fT3T.

~ ~

IThe rulers of the prominent areas used to prefix "Guru" to their names.

eft CfIF.ft [guru ki ka~i] See tl-ftW. eft ~ [guru ki tahlia], qJ"2 oft Z'C:31nfT

[guru ki talhi5] in district Hoshiarpur,

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subdivision Garhshankar, under police station 4 a place in Amritsar where Guru Mahalpur, there is a village Gondpur, to the Hargobind was married to Mata Nanaki. south of which at a distance of half a mile, 5 palaces of the fifth Guru at Kartarpur. there is a gurdwara dedicated to Guru 6 a palace of the sixth Guru at Sri Hal' Hargobind. The Guru stayed here when he Gobindpur (Sri Gobindpur). set out from Purhiran for Kiratpur. This place 7 palaces of the seventh Guru at Kiratpur. is eight miles to the west ofthe railway station 8 temples designed by the ninth Guru at Saila Khurd which is twelve miles to the east Anandpur. ofPhagwara, and fourteen miles to the south ~ [gurugu1']' (jJg(jJ2 [gu1'ugu1'u] Guru of all of Hoshiarpur. No big mela or fair is held the Gurus, the Creator. ";mdInu japu gurugu1' here. Only an ordinary gathering takes place nam."-gau m 5. 2 Guru Nanak Dev. "updes every Sankaranti. Three kana Is and fourteen gu1'uguru sune."-nat m 4. marlas of land is owned by the gurdwara in ~ f;fu ~ [guru CItt ave] a blessing given this village. by devout Sikhs, mothers and women for The trees to which the Guru tied his horses somebody to get well. 2 Sec CJ3lO ftf3'~. (one of acacia and six of Indian rosewood) ~ [guruduaral, ~ [gurudua1'El See still exist. For this reason, this gurdwara is ~8~. 2 via the Guru. "gurudua1'E known as Guru ki Talhian. devsi. "--oakar. "gu1'udua1'E soi bujhE. "-sar a m3. ~ eft ~ [guru ki 1':>'1"] See lif~. ~ [guruke] The Guru's attendants, followers ~ [gurupade$] n exhortation by the Guru, or sons. 2 a village in tehsil and police station the Guru's sermon. See~. Bhatinda, which is in the princely state of Qf~ Wore [guru magatl a village in district Patiala, mentioned as Kot Guru in government Lahore under police station Mujhang, about records. This village was inhabited by the sons one and a half mile to the south of railway of Sodhi Banmali (Abhai Ram and Jairam) station, Lahore cantonment. There is a after they got permission of the rulers of the gurdwara dedicated to Guru Hargobind about princely state of Patiala. The maharaja of two furlongs to the south-west of this village. The Guru stayed here while on his journey back Patiala has allowed the honourable Sodhis to from Mujhang. An elegant gurdwara, having collect land revenue from this inherited estate. The landholding in the village is of 11,449 a golden dome, has been raised here. The bighas. The earned revenue is cleven hundred gurdwara has eight ghumaons of land in its rupees per annum. This village is one and a name. A fair is held in Magh i.e. the eleventh half miles to the west of B.B.er. railway month ofBikrami calendar, on the first of the station Sangats. dark phase of this lunar month. ~ ~ ~ [guru ke muhdl], ~ l-ff'<:Jc;) [guru ~ [guru1'] See 0WCf. flee, run. 2 slink ke mdlul] the Guru's wife or wives. 2 abodes ~ [gurextanl P for the Guru to reside. The famous places away. ~ [gu1'ekhell n a clan of Pathans which is bearing this name in particular are: a branch of the Kasimkhel tribe. "gurekhel 3 residential houses in Amritsar got mahdm5d lejak dhae."-cantr 96. constructed by Guru Arjan Dev.

a-

r:J5.../

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1071

QJitt.r [gurez] P ~./ act of slinking away. 2 run ~t!" [gulkad] P n material made from away. "kanh! gurej makun."-krIsan. 3 a rose petals and sugar, used as a medicine for region of Kashmir. a number of diseases. The rose which blooms ~ [gurezad] P JY./ runs, flees. in the month ofChet and the white rose found Clldt.fle(') [gurezidan] -P (;)-+.~J v rUIl 2 slink in the mountains, are best for preparing this away. medicinal concoction. QJ"ci1r [gurac;l] See ~. 2 Dg an Englishman, ~ [gulxa] son of Said Khan, grandson of inhabitant of England. Paindekhan. He, along with his brother, served QJ1? [gull P n flower. "gul me jnn gadh." under the tenth Guru with the intention of -NP 2 a flower, especially the rose. 3 searing avenging the murder of his grandfather. One a mark on the body with a hot iron rod etc. day when the Guru was delivering a religious "lUj tan gulan na khahu."-cantr 236. 4 part sermon to the congregation at Nader, Gulkhan of a lamp's wick that increases in length due stabbed him in the stomach with a dagger. to burning. 5 A noise, hubbub, clamour. However, he was killed immediately by the "danav krr gul."-selloh. Guru. Ataulla was slain by Bhai Lakha Singh. Qj(ir >'lfarR" [gul abbas] P vtJ.J flower of the This incident took place in Sammat 1765. ebony tree; flowers of various colours glow ~ [gulgula] adj tender, soft. 2 n a sweet on this tree. Physicians practising Greek pakJra; a fried ball of s'l'veetened flour. 3 P system of medicine use its leaves, seeds and ~ cacophony, noise or uproar. "uthayo roots in a number of medicinal concoctions. gulgul0 IS tJr."-PPP 4 hearsay, folklore. Its flowers have hot and dry, seeds cold and ~ [gulguna] P ,:,11 adjhaving the colour moist, and its roots hot and moist properties. of a flower. 2 rose-coloured. 3 n facepack; The root of this flower renders semen strong paste for massaging the face which makes the and thick and also purifies blood. It cures skin glow like a flower. backache and maturates boils and pimples. QJ'ffiitw [gulg01a], WC5crrm [gulgoli] adj slave of Ground with salt when applied, it cures slaves; maidservant. "SeltIgur ke gulgole." -Selva In 4. "ham tIS ki gulgolir."-dev m 4. nngworms. CllMHi:}'C! [gulsatral)] n a piece of leather used CDMf13cld [gulcIhar] adj flower-like body, to protect a finger. See nfQ) rM~ 'c!. "gulstral) beautiful face. 2 blooming, cheerful face. agu:;;th majhara:'-GPS 3 having face like a rose. "vah gulcIhar kaha qrM"f.I"(')" [gul:;;an] P n flower garden. hE?"-ramav. 2 garden. ~ [guljarr] See ~ 4. QJ1? it i'fT<!T [gul ho jal)a], qrc? ~ [gut kama] ~ [guljar] P n place for flowers, a get extinguished, as "diva gul hogIa; carag gul garden. brdeo." i[MH'dfH'Uf [gulajarsfgh] This hero having qJ"MW [gulka] See ~. spiritual nature was baptised by the tenth Guru. ~ [gulkari] n embroidery on a piece of He was an associate ofBhai Mani Singh. He cloth done with a needle. 2 process offilling attained matyrdom along with Bhai Sahib at in colours and embroidering their print on Lahore. His shrine is close to Shahidganj raised cloth. in memory ofBhai Mani Singh.

;;J

CH~Uf

J'

.iIi

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~

[guljhcll:tl n complication, entangled knot.

2 convoluted and difficult utterance. 3 riddle,

cryptic remark; ambiguous in meaning. ~ [guldjlwaJ, Q.ffiWiT [gubjhnal;v entangled. ~ [guljhari] n shower of flowers. 2 a type offirework, emitting bright sparks; sparkler. ill MHd' [gulddsta] P ;./xi n bunch of flowers, bouquet. Qf'Mt!'c'i [guldan] flowervase; vase made of metal or alloy, glass or chinaware. ~ [guldum] P (xi nightingale, who has a flower-shaped mark of red colour under it's tail. ~ [guldph] Skt ~l:f-i n ankle. 2 border or margin in the front part of pyjama. "gulaph ldge hOVdhI bahu CJra."-GPS. J ~ [gulfam] P (Ld v, rose-coloured, pink. ~ [gulbdddn] P n striped silken cloth, which is red in colour. Pyjamas made from this material are worn by women. In the centuries gone by, even richmen used to wear these pyjamas. 2 adjwhose body is soft like a rose. "vdh gulbaddn kdha hE?"--ramav. Qf~ [gulbas], qr~ [gulbasa], qr~1 [gulbasi] See QJr') l?fl:rt:r. qrM1f'aT [gulbag] After spending a lot of money, the devout Sikhs of Kabul were bringing two horses, Gulbag and Dilbag, to Punjab for Guru Hargobind. The ruler of Lahore forcibly snatched the horses from them. On thc pleading ofthe Sikh religious congregation. Hhai Bidhichand brought these horses back from Lahore with great deftness. The Guru named these horses Suhela and Janbhai. QfMH [guldm] short for culam. "hdU guldm tIna ka golia."-var gau 1 m 4. 'I am a servant of his slaves.' 2 Skt :b\'J1 n dense shrubs, a cluster of roots; many offshoots from the same root. 3 a unit of army consisting of nine elephants, nine horse-driven carriages, twenty-seven

l:Jk'

horses and forty-five foot soldiers. j 4 a stomach disorder; gas formation in the stomach; flatulence (windball or bloodball) ""jur sit gubm."-sdloh See~. QJIDIQf'WH [gubmgulamJ adj slave of slaves "nanok hat vIhajhIa han guldm gulami. ,. -gaum 4. Q]1?a' [gubr] Sec Wso nB WMO. Qf"l? WffiJ 19u1labhJ, QJr') WW 19u llala] P j JJ n a kind of flower. See ~. Qf"l? WW -a'cr 19u1lala rag] P o-jilj adj red; having the colour ofBandhuk-flower; very red. 2 blood-red in colour. QfW 19u1a] See:afw. "ddhu gula CI[i ka cugdnu.' -var mala m 1. a grain or two. 2 See cffw. ~ [gulanar] P n pomegranate flower. 2 adj like a pomegranate flower. 3 blood-red. the colour of a rose. Q.f'WS' 19u1ab] P n ~ rose. In India. there are a number of rose varieties and most ofthem were imported from foreign countries. For preparing gulk5d, (a concoction made of rose and sugar), rose extracts and perfumes, best are the roses which bloom in the month of Chet. Q.f'WS' ~ [gulab df$ani] P j~l ...... act of spraying essence or perfume der'ived from roses. "gulab df$anIye ddste mubarIk.' -divan goya. 'act of spraying rose perfume with a bountiful hand.' ill WSfffur [gulabsfghJ After getting baptised Gulab Rai was named Gulab Singh. See lJd'Hl-f"M' nB Q) w8d'fe. 2 a devout Khatri who took amrit (nectar) from the hands of the tenth Guru and then served the nation and the country. He attained matyrdom in the battle

.JJ

....,J

lTwenty-seven elephants. twenty-seven chariots. eightyone horses and one hundred and thirty-five foot soldiers or
inf~Ultry men

comprised a unit or army. rererred to as

g"bm.

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of Anandpur. 3 See 1:f~ )'}jCi(aa'i!'Ml. 4 Bhai Gulab Singh, a mendicant, belonging to the Nirmala sect of the Sikhs. He was an erudite scholar of Sanskrit. Hindi and Punjabi languages. He was born in 1789 AD in the family of the landlords of Chabba. lie was born to Mata Gauri and was sired by Raiya in village Sekhav. also called Sekham of district Lahore, subdivision Chunia, falling under police station Sraimugal l . He was initiated into Sikh religion by Sant Man Singh. He read all the Veds. 2 He stayed at Kashi for a long time and learnt the Sanskrit language. It was the earnest desire of Pandit Gulab Singh that he should write a book in Sanskrit and serve the nation. He translated in verse Bhavarsamrit in Sammat 1834, Mokshpanth in Sammat 1835, Adhyatamramayan in Sammat 1839.; and in Sammat 1849, he wrote Probodhchand. There were a number of other writings penned by him, which were destroyed by persons jealous of him. 5 In the house of Kesri Dogra situated at Asmaihalpur Dioli (which is about seven kms from Jammu) were born Dhayan Singh in the year 1788. Gulab Singh in the year 1797 AD, and Suchet Singh in the year 1801 AD. These
'"'mJdr des m;jlJJn mJha pur sekhav Jbluram. raya jJl1Jk prasrddh jag janni g:Jri nam.""mokhpijth.

Sekhav (Sekham) is at a distance of four miles on the metalled road from village Patto MandL and three or four kos fi'om Kaehi KothL There is said to be a well dug in Sckhav in memory of the Pandit.
'"'vTdya satT sugyan sukhda:rk phJI subh man sigh guru kc soda b;jd6 pad udar.""
Cdr.

-blw FJrSamrrt.
"'bharJt bhumr punit pad topa gyan avtar. man sigh guru ka nama tara!) k:Jruna sar.;"
-prJbocih cecir na tak.

Dogras served at a number of places before they ended up enlisting in the army of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. The wheel offortune got Dhayan Singh into the good books ofthe Maharaja and from the humble position of a servant looking after the latter's baths, he rose to become a caretaker of the palace and earned the title of raja. Gulab Singh also got a similar title. The descendents of Dhayan Singh now rule over Punch and those of Gulab Singh rule over Jammu and Kashmir. After the dissolution of the Sikh rule in the year 1846 AD, Gulab Singh was able to win the title of maharaja from the British. He got possession of the entire Kashmir region just for 75 lac rupees. He died in August 1857. 6 The famous scholar Gulab Singh, resident ofGirvari whose pupils, Sant Sadhu Singh and Pandit Tara Singh, became very famous. See "R"'1J ftfur t=IT an d "3'"d"'" ftfur. QlM1aJe [gu1abch5d] See -aN -atm. QI wae'H [gu1abdas] Gulab Das was born 111 Sammat 1866 from the womb of Deso in the house of Hamira, a Jatt inhabitant of Rataul village, situated near Tarn 1'aran. For sometime, he worked under various baptized Sikhs and then became a disciple on-lira Das an Udasi Sikh, who was an inhabitant of Kasur. He learnt the art of writing poetry from Bawa Dhayandas of village Dhanaula in the jurisdiction ofNabha province. In the company of poet Haridas (Giridhar), he began to compose poems. Thereafter, he acquired the knowledge of Hindu philosophy enshrined in Vedant under the tutelage ofBhai Deva Singh, a Sikh belonging to the Nirmala sect, and became an atheist. People who belong to this sect call themselves Gulabdasi. The famous monastery of Gulabdas is located at Chatthianwala village near Kasur. Hymns

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composed by Gulabdas are collected in a book titled Updes Vilas. Gulabdas died on 12 th Bhadon Sudi in the light halfofthis lunar month in Sammat 1930. 2 an emancipated recluse belonging to the Udasi sect, who was born in Sammat 1880 and died in 1959 in village Majhi in tehsil Bhavanigarh in the princely state ofPatiala. He was a great lover ofGurbani and a man of high ethical standards. To impart knowledge and donate sacred scriptures aner writing them in beautiful hand writing, was his regular vocation. He sent a number ofsadhus to places like Kashi etc so as to help them acquire knowledge. A number of his disciples are very erudite and famous scholars today. One ofthem, Pandit Krishandas Shastri, is a great linguist and renowed poet of Sanskrit. He has written a number of sacred scriptures and he occupies a place of prestige in the sect ofUdasi Sikhs. iJ)l'Nl'HlnJT [gulabdasia], qF",'ae'Rl~ [gulabdasie] follower or followers of Gulabdas at No. I above. iHM'8e 'i'il [gulabdani], iH~ [gulabpa~i] vessel resembling a flagon or a longnecked, small pitcher which is used to spray rose water or perfume. Such a pitcher has a fine hole or a sieve at its mouth to serve as a fount or filter through which rose-perfumed liquid-drops are sprayed. iJ)M'8a ' ll: [gulabraI] grandson ofSurajmall and son of Dalipchand (Guru Hargobind's great grandson). He was a brother of Sayamdas. Alongwith his brother, he took amrit from Guru Gobind Singh. He adopted the religion of Khalsa after the dem ise of the tenth Guru. Gulab Singh tried to conduct prayers at Anandpur by occupying the seat of Guru Teg Bahadur, but Bhai Gurubakhashdas, head priest of Anandpur, stopped him from this

sacriligeous act. "tIn Ik dIn aVIlokyo an. thuyo gulabraI gurthan. sahi na gai avagya her. hath jOrI bolyo tIS ver. than banavahu apan duja. taha bEth HjE sClbh puja." The lineage ofGulab Rai did not continue. The Sodhis of Anandpur are descendants of Shyam Singh. See~. iH('511lT [gulaba] a Khatri Sikh, who was a resident ofMachhivara (district Ludhiana). He left his job as a mClsad, (preacher-cum-collector of tithes and offerings made tothe Guru), and earned his livelihood by performing manual labour. The tenth Guru stayed in his house in Sammat 1761 while on his way from the fort of Chamkaur, where he wore the garb of an exalted pir. See~. ~ [gulabas] See ~. abbas flower; Clbbas plant, which bears red and yellow flowers in summer and during the monsoon season. "iJ)""W[ [gulabu] a Hindu trader who sold tabacco during the times of Bahadurshah. When he witnessed the righteous bravery ofthe baptised Sikhs, he joined Khalsa Dal. In the fort of Lohgarh he wore the dress of Banda Bahadur to confuse the enemy. As a consequence of this, Banda Bahadur safely fled towards the mountains. Gulabu was put in an iron cage and sentto Delhi to remain in imprison for a number of years. Later when Banda Bahadur was captured and brought to Delhi, Gulabu was slain in front of him. 'iJj'1'JT)f [gulam] A (~ n a slave who is part and parcel of property looted; a person who has been purchased.' In olden times, the enemy
'''bekhridu kIa karc caturai:'--stllli m 5. "mulkharidi lala gola."-maru m I.

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soldiers who were imprisoned during a battle were not killed. Rather, they were captured and held under seige. Later the victors forced them do hardwork or they were sold off like animals. So persons who were either made prisoners of war or who were bought were called slaves. 1 Actually, slaves were treated like animals, and were regarded as chattel. They were under the control of their masters in every vvay; they .were not entitled to do anything on theilr own. Once upon a time, slavery was in vogue in India but it was more predominant in countries, which, for the past few centuries, have been colonised by the Islamic tribes. Among those tribes, slavery continued for centuries before the birth of prophet Mohammad. It spread to Europe from these countries and in the end became strongly rooted in America. Around 1865 AD, slavery vanished forever from the highly civilized countries. It would not be wrong to contend that the pain the slaves suffered during the history of slavery was greater than that of creatures whimpering in hell. See, History of Slavery and Serfdom (1895) by Ingram. QJWH~ [gulam ahmad], ~'rnfill-~ [gulam ahlmad] adj slave of Mohammad. 2: n Mirza Gulam Murtaza was born from the womb of Chirag Bibi in the house of her husband, Mirza Gulam Murtaza, a resident of Qadian in 1836 AD. He told the people that only he knew that the birth of the prophet, prophesied in the teachings ahd anecdotes of Mohammad and about whom there is a hint in the holy Koran, has proved true. He told them that h(~ was that prophet. Thousands of Muslims became his disciples but stilI a majority opposed him. He
'Dacoits used to abduct boys and young girl:; from their homes and sell them as slaves.

named his cult or sect as Ahmadi which has a double meaning. Ahmad is the name ofprophet Mohammad and also the name of Mirja. On May 8th, 1908 AD, this religious leader expired at Qadian. After Mirja, Hakim Nuruddin was accepted as the prophet. Now his son Mirja Mahmood Ahmad is the religious leader of the Ahmadi sect. ~ [gulami] n slavery, bondage, servitude
See~.

[gular] n red flower, sunflower. 2 adjred coloured. "mere lalan lal gulare."-ne>t e> ill 4. ~ [gulal] See Qj(') (?'TW. 2 redcoloured flour made of water and s~ghara. Flour or powder having the colour of Gul lala which is used during holi and marriage ceremonies etc. "phagun me sakhi qar gulal sabhE harr se ban bie ramE."-knse>TI. 3 adj red like gul-laldh. 4 See~. ~ [gulala] See Qj(') WW. ~ [gulalu] adj red like gul-lalah. "lalu gulalu gahbara sC)ca r~gu."-sri ill 1. 2 Skt ~ n water. In Punjabi language q [k] is replaced by or [g] at many places e.g ~~ is replaced by ii'r't, ~ by lffim;, ;:jqt3" by~, I"Wf.f by fIOTTFl", l;[a"Tf.f by ~, f'q--q by f'qqJ, ~ by ~ etc. "tli ape kC)malu C)IIpatu hE SE hatha VICU gulalu."-varsri ill 4. 'There is an invisible lotus under water hundreds of hands deep. ~ [guIIsta] P ut:-f n place for flowers to grow, a garden. 2: a masterpiece or classic written by Shaikhsadi in Persian. It has been translated into numerous languages. Bhai Basant Singh, the court poet of Maharaja Narendar Singh, the ruler of Patiala, has produced an excellent translation of this work in verse. q] fMH~IC! [gulIstral).] See 1Qj fMi1'C!. ~ [guIIka] Skt n tablet, stone for sharpening

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tools. 2 bullet of a gun "gole gulIka lag-hi aI."-GPS. Qf~Tc!' [guIItral).] See nfcrr~T(!" "guIItral). bdddM."-cac;li 2. ~ [gulu] P j n throat, neck. ~ [gulub;'id] n scarf or neckcloth used to tie around the neck etc. Qfffir [guler] n This word has occurred in place of gdvalidr. "$ah guru ko Pdth guler."-GPs. 2 a branch of Katoch Rajputs. 3 a princely state in the hilly region oftehsil Oera, in district Kangra, established by Raja Harichand Katochia. Its history is mentioned below: While on a hunting expedition, Harichand fell into a well. When he did not return to his kingdom even after a long time, everyone, believing him to be dead, crowned his son as king and put him on the royal throne. Somehow he managed to come out of the well, and returned to his kingdom to see his son as the king. He turned back and established a new kingdom called GuIer Nagar and separately began to rule over it. ~ [gulera], ~ [guleria] adjwho resides in GuIer. See ~ 3. ~ [Gulel] P ~ n pellet bow, swing shot. ~ [gulelci] n person adept in the use of a swing shot. ~ [gulela] See oNw and 'f'arn-w. qJ'w [gulla] n maize corn cob. 2 lubricous, greasy sap of wood. 3 small stick stout at one end, covered with hair at the taper, used for beating the back of a horse. 4 noise, blare. 5 short for gulam or -atw [gala] "ta$ VIC pan da gulla." 6 small and thick chapatti. ~ [gulli] n thick and small chapatti. 2 small piece of wood which is tapered at both ends, and is played with a short stick. This piece of wood is shaped like barley, about 5 to 6 inches long and one and a half inches thick at the centre.

The game is called tipcat. 3 piece ofgarlic stem with peel removed. 4 inner core ofwood which is rounded or made globular; segment ofbamboo between two nodaljoints. ~ [guliQ;'iQa] Se,e 2. ~ [guvdrdhdn] See ~. ~ [guvar], ~ [guvarI], ~ [guvari] See ~. 2 n Gopi; milkmaid. "sajdn ko sdjk su guvari."-krrscm. qr;r [gur] Skt ~ n a ball or lump made of sugar cane juice, boiled and poured into a trough for cooling into jaggery; lump ofjaggery. ~ [gurguri] See ~. 2 small hubblebubble. This noun is onomatopoeic in nature, formed from the sound gurgur, (produced by a hookah). ~ [guma], qJ;37iT [gurna] think, contemplate. 2 learn. "pdma guma s;'isar ki kar h."-var sorm3. qr;r3t [gurti] n concoction made of jaggery. It is given to the newly born infants. It cleans the intestines; a laxative for infants. See lifit. ~ [gurphdl] Dg n plant with fruit as sweet as jaggery. Salvadora oleoides or salvadora indica. ~ [guraka] Skt ~ n sleep, slumber. "hot guraka tIn tdn rogu."-NP. "Sdva jam nISI tdji guraka. "_NP. ~ [gurakes] Skt ~ n Arjun, who had conquered sleep. 2 Shiv. 3 adj thick-haired. ~ [guridl] See ~ 1. n [guru] See qy;r. "guru k<3rI gIanu dhIanu k<3rI dhave."-asam 1. "dIh katiguruvatI." -s fdrid. 'Evil at heart and jaggery-like sweet oftongue: malicious at heart, sweet oftongue. ' ~ [guruci] Skt ~ n dried extract of the root ofa shrub called barbery (berberis aristata) used as a purgative for children; ptychotis ajowan; cocculus cordifolius. Its properties are hot and dry. It is used to cure diseases like fever,

wm

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1141
~ [c;mpai] See

ih.reT. 2 cot. 3 adj having

four feet. "khat magau caupai."-sor kClbir. 'a plank sans legs.' ~ [caubara] n house on the upper storey having doors on all the four sides. "can kut caubara."-sor m 1. ~ [caubare] plural of caubara. "se asthal sOIncaubare."-majh m 5. upper story made of gold. 2 advall around. "pavankotI caubare phnahI."-bhEr d kdbir. 3 in the upper storey. ~ [caubisl, ~ [caubih] See ~EftH. ~ [mubola] a ,netre, characterised by four lines, each having 15 matras ending with laghu guru. It is a form of caupai (a metre or verse of four lines). See ih.reT 3. :2 any form with different rhyme schemes. This name is due to its four separate alliterations. For this very reason a sav,c:ya is called mubola in Ramavtar, as for example: sri raghuraj sarasan IE rIS than ghani ran ban prahare, biran mar dusar gae sar I abar te barse janu ore, bajI gaji rath saj gne dhar .pattI ;mek su km ganavE, phagun p:m pracac;l bahe banpatrIn ke manu patr uc;lane. 3 In music, catur5g is also called caubola. Any system having a melody of an ordinary song, ~argarn, ta!"ana and rnrId5g is catur5g. See the following catur5g 1 ofvrfdab;mi sar5g 2 :"catur5g gunian nulI gaIe bajaie rIjhaie.
']t is an a:Jrav
~arav

rag.

n~abh

is vadi (primary) and

pacam is savadi (secondary). It is sung fj'om the third watch of the day. ascending descending
~a ~a

ra ma pa na

~?a ~a

na dha pa ma r;3

"bol' (words or phrases) ofcaturag (musical features ofa composition) are set by singers in consonance with the rhythm. Rules of prosody are often ignored.

gunian ke age IE ko s5puran kar dIkhaie. na 1]a ra rna ra rna pa dha, pa rna ra rna ra 1]a na 1]a. dIr dIr ta na na dIr ta na, na ta re na tom tana. dlnr dlnr dhurn kIt takran ta, takran dha dhurn kIt takran dha dha. 4 Any metre in which four languages are used is also called caubola In the following example Vrij, Multani, Dingal and Hindi have been used: gaje rnaM sur ghurnil raDa hur bhrarni nabh5 pur bekh5 anupa, vale vali saijivijuga tai tEc;le gholi jaialavil ta Ese, lag6lar thane baro raj rnhane kah6 ::>r kane hathi chac;l thes::>, baro an moko bhaj6 aj toko cdlo devloko tajo beg laka.-ramav. 5 a metre, whose fourth line starts as a vocative is also a caubola. See ~ 5. 6 a sacred hymn of Guru Granth Sahib which refers to the four 3 devotees, even though its stanza is a couplet: rnusan maskar prern ki rahi ju abarI chaI, bidhe badhe karnal rnahI bhavar rahe IaptaI. -CClU m 5. 7 Some scholars are ofthe opinion that tatatak metre is in fact a caubola. See 3"TZ'i.X. 8 Numerous poets hold that the caubola metre consists of two lines, with each line having thirty matral'. The first pause is at the 16th, second at the succeeding 14th matra, end being Iaghu guru. Example: ~astra sCljaI dhyay jagdi~var, survirta ertt dharo, alas kanta kajusi, kadi na In ka sag k0ro. ~ [caumukh] n one having four faces, Brahma. 2 adj (an earthern lamp) having four wicks. "caurnukh diva jotI duar."-ram be1J.i. 'self3

s5man. musan, jamal, p;>t5g.

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m 4. 3 See ~. 4 adj eager, enthusiastic. [cas] Skt ~ vr kill, torment, eat. t:JFI'a' [casak] n pang, ache, shooting pain. 2 Skt t:JFI'a' inebriant. 3 honey. tJFrclT [mska], "13"FICi{TO [caskar] n drinking habit. 2 ardent desire for taste. See tm vr and ~ 2. tJFIl.fi' [caspa] P U~ adjsticking; pasted. 2 like, appropriate, suitable. ~ [caspidan] P d~ v stick, paste. tmH [ca$am] P (? n eye. 2 vision, eyesight. ~ [ca:;;amdid] P ~0 adj witnessed. "bade! CdSClmdida phClnaI."-tIIJg m 5. tff.I"lfQl-fTtt [ca:;;amnumai] P ()li(? n act of ~. threatening or frightening, reprimand. eija'mcl H!f ilfo [cc'lUrasih lakh jom] See B-O'Fft tIErnth:it lca:;;ampo:;;i] P t5{ (? n forgiveness. #tr -Gifo. 2 act of ignoring or not taking notice. ~ [cauraha] n a place where four paths '13F.I'W [ca:;;ma] P ,.}; n sun. 2 spring, fountain. converge; a crossing. 3 eye of a needle. 4 spectacles. "laI casme eijalo~ [cauranve] ninety-four. jah taha maujud."--cIIJg kabir. 'fountain of eij'iPFeIW [cauvaIa] adj who has no wisdom knowledge and prudence.' of his own but echoes what the other four say. ~ clmr [ca$mae bsar] P )/ ~ a river in "sekha! caucakIa cauvaIa!"--var sor m 3. heaven having water whiter than milk and 2 advall around. "pdUD plurE CaUVElIa. "-BG. sweeter than honey. ~ [cauvih] See B1:fu:r. ~ [ca:;;masahIb] See 9<J 'H'FiJS 2. ~ [caur] n affection. 2 game, longing. See tJW [casal See ~. "sev kari pal casa na vIchura."-majh m 5. ~ vr. 3 bare ground. 4 See ~ 2.5 devastation, destruction. "us ne caur kar dItti."-prov. '13"fl:Jnfr [casIa] plural of casa. "VI sue casIa ~ G [caurcapaH] utter ruination, complete ghClria pahra tluti vari mahu hoa."-sohIla. devastation. 2 with tastes. ~ [caurI] advon the bare ground. "re nar, ~ [casidah] P ~~ tasted, ate. . nay caup kat boriT-gou k;Jbir. mfteo [ca:;;idan] P d~ v taste, eat. See tm vr. ~ [c;mru] adjdevastating; who turns verdure 13'lJfT [casual adv for a fraction of a moment. "us te ghatE nahi rucI casua."-gau m 5. into wilderness. 2 spoilt. 3 mischievous. tJt [cau] n ploughpin. W [cah] Skt ~ vr cheat; be haughty; pulverize. ~ [cauD], ~ [cauDa], ~ [cauDi], ~ weur [cahcaha] adjfavourite, likeable. 2 bright. [caun], [cclUna], ~ [ccmni] adj four- ~ [cahbacca] P ~ n small tank, reservoir. "cahbacca me nhan sIdhare."-GJrItr 266. fold, four times. "dUD C<JuDi de vaQIdi." --sor m 5. "dIn prCltI dun caun vIsala."-NP. BtJHtf [cahmac] n happiness, joy. "gurmukh trel>w [caia] n eagerness, ardour. 2 wish, desire. bhaI bhagatI cClhmaccr."-BG. 2 crowd, mob. "prabhu dekhCln ko bahut manI mIa. "-bIla ;) B'cl1? [cdhC),l] n festival, eagerness, ecstasy. enlightenment that illuminates all the four sides.' BTHQ. See ti(ja'gM. 2 direction. "sabhna caura vIkhe asaD thape."-mago. eija\i1M [caurQhul] n waving of a fly whisk. "caurQhul jacE hE pavaDu. "-mala namdev. ~ [caurasi], ti(ja'Al<J [caurasih] SkttigaBlF3 n eighty-four. 2 transmigration. ~'I3"'lfur fi:rtr [caurasih sIdh] See B-O'FIT fl:h:r. "sIdh caurasih maIa mahI khela."-bhEr kabir. eija1mcl rnJQ [caurasih narak] eighty-four lac births, which comprise a terrible hell. "caurasih narak sakat bhogair. "--maru solhe m 1. See
~ [G'lur] See
tJR'
~'

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the rains, therefore they could not stay together in the cantonment. ~ [cahalpahal] n mirth. 2 hustle and ~ [cahill advall the four. bustle. ~ [cahugha] adv in the four directions; on trc:I'W [cahla] See m:r. the four sides. trijT [caha] adj wished for, desired. 2 n an ~ [cahucak], ~t~ [cahilcak] See ~. aquatic bird; snipe. ~ [caheru] See ~. - ' tJUTQ [cahar] P.I~ n four. Skt~. triJw [cahora], ~ [cahora] n a kind of paddy tJ"ij1IDf [caharam] P (-'~ adj fourth. with sweet smell. ~ [caharmi] one who receives one fourth 'tlQ [cak] Skt ~ vr sparkle, prevent, eradicate of a crop's yield. See B-a- 3. pain, be satiated. 2 Skt Bg n direction. "cakr trfu [cahI] n stain, blemish. "tan ko cahI nahI bakr phIrE catur cak."-japu. 3 wheel of the lagan pare."-GPS. 2 adv having coveted. chariot. "rath ke cak katgIrae."-krrsan. ~ [cahIkna] See ~'. 4 potter's wheel. "kolu carkha caki caku." trq [cahu] See trfu. 2 four. "cahu chIa mahI -val' asa. "caku kumIar bhavaIa."-asa ch5t s;'}nIasi. "-prabha a m 1. 'renunciants in ten m 4. 5 circular base on which a platform or sects.' See t:l1 Ol}f~. "sei sukhie cahujugi." embankment is raised around the well. "pun -sri m 3. 3 to the four (people); the four did. kasat ko cak gharvai. "--G PS. 6 adj astonished, "asatdasi cahu bhed na paIa."-asa m 1. amazed. "lagyo bhal me rahyo cak."-ramav. ;rif [caM] advall the four. 7 See tfu". ~ ~ 'ij-fu [calm umaha hOI]-val' mala m 'trcnft [cakai] n small circle, small wheel. "karte 1. cobras, deer, fish, amorists. cakai mana chutcali hE."-krrsan. 2 See t!01<ft. ~ [cahukuc;J.i] in the four directions, 3 Skt name of a bird like ruJdysheldroke; brahminyduck. "cakaijaunISI bIchun:."~skabir. universally, on all sides. "jInI janI gurmukhI bujhIa su cahukGc;J.i japr."-var maru 2 m 5. ~ [cak-hi] n pear-shaped wooden or metal ~ [cahucak] Skt adv in the four directions, toy rotating on a sharp point at the bottom when on the four sides. "cahucaki kianu loa."--var let in motion by hand or string. "cak-hi janu ram 3. avat hE kar me phIr dhae."-krrsan. t1Oltlij'Q [cakcaGdh] See trotB-'tr. ~ [cahuchIa] ten. See 'tis:!" 2. 'tIYll'ti'i" ~ RTO [cahubadan ko jan] Brahma ~mr [cakcildhar] See ~mr. having four faces, and his conveyance, the ~ [cakcur] n flour or powder of something swan. "cahubadan ko jan hr."-NP. ground in a (hand-operated) mi II. 2 something trq ~ 'ij-fu [cahu vechora hOI] -val' mala m ground like flour. "mar kE dhur kIye cakcur." -c5c;li 1. 1. bullocks, the poor, travellers and servants. After the rainfall, bullocks are put to yoke and trotB-'Q" [cakc5dh] n bright light or glare that dazzles the eye. See 'tlQ vr. 2 adj surprised, get separated from the herd; labourers go amazed. "cakc5dh rahe jan dekh sabhE." abroad for work or cultivation; travellers get ~nars:fgh. stuck (due to lack of roads) at their own places; at the end of the war, soldiers in old clays, for trcW'tit [cakc5dhi] n bright light or glare that dazzles the eye. See~ yr. 2 surprise. want of expedition, were sent on leave during
tWMC1lem [cahalkadmi] See Fi3<JMC1le~it.

2 mud, dirt.

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~ [caktil Skt~ n antidote; medicine that

chapattis. 2 a particular area, district or region.

negates the effect of poison. 2 keen or intense desire, extreme interest. "sadhu jana pag cakti."-dev m 4. ~ [cakl.).a] v lift raise; an exercise practised by lifting arms or standing upside down. 2 inllame, instigate. See ~ . tIiE [cakat] See BfcG". ~ [cakti] Pkt n a patch of cloth; rag. 2 curved knife. "cakti Cdpra aSI dhar sIpar."--sdloh ,rc~-g"a- [cakpherl n revolution. "matr bud te dharI caku pherI."-bdsJtd m 1. See~. ;rcmcr [cakmak] T JtJ? n flint; hard stone that produces fire when struck against iron. To begin with, stone-guns were operated with this stone (flint) which was kept at the nozzle ofthe gun. When the trigger was pressed, it produced sparks by striking against iron. The ammunition caught fire from this spark. "cakmak ki si ag." -hcmu. tJqij' [cakar] a village in tehsil and police station Jagraon, district Ludhiana. There is a gurdwara in memory of Guru Hargobind and Guru Gobind Singh. This is also called Gurusar. The sixth Guru visited this place while coming from Lopoke and the tenth Guru came here from Lamme. It is located 12 miles to the south of Jagraon railway station. 2 See~. ~ [cakartan], ~ [cakardan] P I:J)JJ~ tearing apart, refuting. "subh Cdkvrt;m."-dkal. "dhumrach c5c;l muc;l cakardan. "-HP. '6OlQ'!2a ' [cakraul.).a], tiOldlGi'i 1 lcakrauna] v be surprised. amazed. 2 feel dizzy, reel. 'dOl'ffi kJkrii n whirlpool, eddy of water, swirl. 2 small circle. See treft. '6-ait't? [ccJ!(rd] ad) who is in service or employment. 2 who takes rounds; nomadic. "1 h cakn:l phnat the rahe."--PP. U<il<,,)l' [cakla] n flat round stone or wooden disc u';cd for flattening dough and for rolling

3 brothel.
[cakva], ~ [cakvi] n ruddy sheldrake, ruddy goose or brahminy duck; who crave for the sight of the sun. Per literary tradition, the couple gets separated at night. "rsi harI SIU pritI karI jrsi cakvi sur."-sri d m 1. :ecrrR" [cakas] Skt ~ vr shine. '6"O('T"6TO(" [c'lkacak] P JI.>Il> onom sound created "': -: by the clashing of weapons like swords etc. ~u [cakabyuh] Skt ~u n maze as a trap laid by soldiers, out of which the enemy cannot escape. Abhimanyu, son ofArjun, died after he was trapped in a maze. The diagram is given here.
~

/
I

~
Ii

~ I
trfur [cakI] short for cakIt; amazed. "cakI cakI
rahE dey danav munI."--hd)are 10.2 adv by lifting, picking up. '6fu3" [cakIt] Skt ad) afraid. 2 surprised. ~ [cakIya] Pu n hand-operated mill to grind flour etc. "cakIya ke se pat bane gagan bhumI pun dOI."-carItr 81. :eoit [caki] n hand-operated mill etc "kolu carkha caki c;,ku."-var asa. 2 ad) lifted, raised.

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3 provoked, instigated, stirnulated.

;rcftl,rr [cakia] Pu See tl""fuw,
~ [cakijhOl).i] v work a handmi II to grind

flour etc. 2 pick up a row. "put kuput caki uthI jhoi."-BG. ~ [cakidan] P 0~ v leak, drip, trcfRJr [cakira], ~ [cakiraha] n woodpecker, so named because it can peck at the wood with its beak; hoopoe, lap wingA -k"'; SeeB"fu-ro. ;rcg [caku] See BOf. ~ [cakotraJ n pomelo citron; a large sized lemon of the shape of a gourd; Citrus Decumana. ~ [cakotri] n small-sized owl. ~ [cakota] n fixation ofagricultural rent after assessing the produce of a field. Rent paid in cash rather than barter of crop. ~ [Cdkor] Skt n hill partridge with red legs. Greek partridge. Poets talk about its love for the moon. "man pnti cad c)kor."--lnla a ill 5. In olden times, kings used to tame partridges and take food only after feeding it to the partridge to find out whether the food was poisoned. The partridge's eyes at once turned red and it died that very instant if the food was poisoned. That is why this bird is also named as VI $dclr:;;an-mntyuk. Many poets have described this bird as fireeater. "cOean cap CClhu dISI <Jabt cam cakar agaran bhorE."-ke,,;:w. At its back is the belief that the partridge eats glowworms and sometimes by mistake swallows fin:balls too. 2 See ~ and tWGT t=T 2"l.f 11. 3 See ~rmr. ~ [cakori] female partridge. ~ [cak5t] be surprised. "cak;')t caru cadnka." -gyan. tfcr [cakk] n instigation, provocation. 2 marks left when bitten with two upper and two lower teeth. 3 village, marked area. 4 cin:ular disc like potter's wheeL circular wooden

foundation of a well; trough for cooling down sugarcane syrup into jaggery or sugar. 5 a round ornament worn by women on the head. 6 direction, side. "car cakk SIkkhi vIstari." -CPS. 7 See BOf. tfcr W orr [cakk guru ka] See~. 2 See
~.

[cakkl).a] See ~ and ~aer.

~w [cakkprema] See s~'H'f()a.

~ [cakk phatesfgh], B'or G3fl:f~ [cakk phatesfghvalaJ a village in district Ferozepur, police station Nathana, very close to the Phusmandi railway station. To the east of the village, there is a gurdwara in memory of Guru Gobind Singh. About four ghumaons of land is attached to the gurdwara. A Singh of the Nirmala sect is the priest there. The place where the Guru stayed for a while is also called Buraj Sanghu Singh Wala. Ram Singh, grandson of Bhai Bhagtu, had requested and taken the Guru home. tlOClNilcl [cakk bhaike] Chakk Phate Singh is also called Chakk Bhai Ke. 2 a village near Budhlada railway station district Kamal owned by Bhai ke. In Sammat 1899, the village was founded by Bhai Masadda Singh, a descendant of Bhai Bhagtu. ~ [cakkar] See trcf. 2 See trca'. tfcr '6"He1J1 [cakk ramdasl a village in Mande police station district Gujjaranwala. Moved by the ardent devotion of Bhai Pirana, Guru Arjan Dev visited the village. A gurdwara has been built at the place where the Guru stayed. Forty ghumaons of land was attached to the gurdwara during the Sikh rule. The land is exempted from revenue. The village is located ten miles to the east of Emnabad railway station. 2 Amritsar was known as Guru Ka Chakk, Chakk Ramdas and Ramdaspur, during the time of Guru Arjan Dev.

B'or

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~ [cakkvE] See tl'3~d3l

i3<atfl~Ol [cakrajivak], ~ [cakrajivi] potter

who earns living by making pots of mud. flour; big circular stone. i3ifc!l [cakral)i] an armed battalion that keeps ;fcft [mkki] n See BOit. 2 a hilly river in Chamba, weapons which are round in shape.-sdnama. that joins river Beas (Vipash) in Gurdaspur 'ffi!3' [cakrat] See trfcE'. area. 3 a ram with a fatty tail. ~ [cakratan] See ~. ~ [cakku] n knife; blade to sharpen a wooden tli!31dtl [cakratirath] Skt ~f n a place of pen. pilgrimage on the bank of river Tungbhadra trc! [cakr] Skt n ruddy sheldrake, brahminy duck near Rikhmuk hill. 2 a Vaishnav place of (a bird). 2 group, community. 3 country, area. pilgrimage in Prabhas area of Gujarat "cakr-patI agyavarti."-sdloh. 4 direction, side. (Deccan). "cakratirath jaI g5gaut kia." "catur cakr varti."-japu. 5 army, military. -JSBM. There are many more places of "bhedkE arIcakr."-sdloh. 6 wheel of a chariot. pilgrimage by this name. See~,~. "sY<3dan cakr sabad dISI th::H. "-CPS. Wherever Vishnu or some other deity washed 7 toothed discus; weapon used for chopping blood-stained cakkar used for killing the offthe enemy's head by rotating it. l "mkrcalaI enemies, the place is called Chakratirath. 3 a gIraI dyo arI."-cJc;Ji 1. 8 potter's wheel. place relating to the Gurus, called Sadhubela, 9 authority, rule. "catur dIS cakr phIr5."-dkal. near Sakkhar is also called Chakratirath. 4 a 10 a group of people close to the raja; inner place of pilgrimage near Kurukshetra. circle. 11 six cycles of the body. See 'l:fCtl"C3'. ;;rcreo [mkradan] See~. 12 whirlpool, swirl. "srol)at nir me cakr jayo ~ [c~kradhar] adj one who keeps a round phIrE garta. "-cac;Ji 1. 13 according to circular weapon. 2 n Vishnu who carries a palmistry or the art offortune telling, circular round circular weapon called Sudarshan lines on the fingers and the thumb. "cakr cIhan Chakar. 3 Nihang Singh. 4 ruler ofa particular aru baral) jatI."-japu. 14 a circular (round) region. 5 administrator of an area. 6 potter. sphere made by tantriks for the worship of 7 the Creator who rules over the cosmos. Bhairav and Kali. "cakr bal)aI karE pakh5g." "bhaj cakradhar sarl)5."--guj jEdev. 8 snake, -bhEr m 5. 15 deceit, fraud, hypocrisy. that makes a round circular coil while sitting. 16 sandalwood mark of Vishnu's wheel made i3i!QdtlFa;a tI"'2 ~ [cakradharcarItr caw on the body. "karI Isnan tanI cakr bal)ae." c5drIka] a translated version of Japu Sahib -prabha d m 5. "dehi dhoVE cakr b;)l)ae. "-var written by Pandit Nihal Singh. The work was ram 2 m 5. 17 movement of planets; orbit. begun in Sammat 1927 and completed in 1929. 18 enclosure, pen; circle. See -Fmrn- ft:fur if: 3. ~ [cakrak], 'tJC!W [cakr;:Jka] See ~. ~ [cakradhari] See ~. ~ [mkrapal)I] adj one who has a cakbr ~ [cakrakhat] See 'l:fCtl"C3'. tli!dlbf [cakragal)es5] See ~. in his hand. 2 n Vishnu. 3 See ~. i3i!Ftk1i'l [cakraCIhan] See ~. i3i!~aal [cakravarti] Skt ~, n one whose INow-a-days round metallic discs don't have serrated word rules the entire country; an emperor, edges. but all discs in olden days did have serrated edges. whose army can freely move on the whole See F.!J1'I. earth.

trcIr [cakka] n big hand-operated mill to grind

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1147

~T

~ [cakravak], ~

[cakravaki] See B""""C:@"-

~.

~ [cakravE] See tlgd31. "madhata gUI;ravE

jen cakravE kahaIo."-saveye m 1 ke. ~ [eakravyuh] See tlO('l:l'l:!(). ~ [cakrakIt] Skt ~Jih(( adj one whose body is marked with Vishnu's cakkar; stamped with the cakkar. 2 n a sect of Vaishnavs who stamp their bodies with a hot metall to make the mark of Vishnu (Chakar), in Dwarka or ashram of their guru. For more details See
~a251.

'tJfqcrr [caknka] Skt n small circular disc.

2 knee cap, patella. 3 hand-operated mill for grinding wheat. 4 whirlpool. 5 beating around the bush and not carrying forward the argument, regarded as a flaw in the art of discourse. ~ [eaknt] See "tlfuo. tl'q't [cakri] Skt~, adj one who has a cakkar. 2 n Vishnu. 3 the creator. 4 ruddy goose. 5 all powerful emperor. 6 potter. 7 snake_ 8 spy, detective. 9 oilman. 10 donkey. 1Jl crow. 12 charioteer. 13 Nihang Singh. ~ [cak;;] Skt "q-'fL vr speak clearly; see; suck. ~ [eak;;u] Skt eyes See tl1:f. 2 in Vishnu Puran, a river which is now called Amu (Oxus). tI1:f [cakh] Skt ~ vr eat, have meals. "aghae ras cakha."-sar m 5.2 Skt-:a:'fL vr speak clearly, see, suck. 3 Skt B n eye. 4 P battle, war. 5 enmity. 6 effort, endeavour. trtfc!T [cakhl)al, tl1:f?lT [cakhna] v taste. "cakhI anad puran sad."-bIla am 5. ~ [cakhmak] See~. 'tlftr [eakhI] adv after tasting. See BCR". tJl:ft [cakhi] adjwho has superbly beallitiful eyes, a deer.-scmama. See tfcft. tn:ffi!o [caxidan] P (j~.. fight, quarrel, enter into dispute. B1j' [cakhu] B eye.

tfliait [cakh;'lgi] adj ~--nfaft. "c;'lcla cakMgi." -akal. 'a female whose eyes shine like lightning.' tfl:ft [cakkhil See tl1:f vr. 2 n feed given to birds of prey like a hawk to allure them to prey. Only a little is given to tempt them to prey for more. "cakkhi baj det bIgsae."-GPS. tI'iJl3T [eagta], ~ [eagtaixa], 'tl'"Cl'f3T [eagatta] Chagtai Khan, son of Changezkhan, Tartar Mughal, was king of Balakh, Badkhasan, etc in the year 1227. One of his descendants, Mehmood Khan, was brother of Babur's mother. Being from this dynasty of their maternal grandparents, the descendants of Babur were called Chagtais or Chagattas. 2 See ~. tJilrn' [cagal] n act of chewing or masticating something without swallowing. 2 something debased and low in quality. 3 P ~ leather washer used in handpumps to lift water from under the ground for bathing etc. It is used by all. That is why a debased and mean person is given this epithet in Punjabi. ~ [eagar] See ~. trQ]7i [cagun] adj fourfold, quadruplicate. "dInprati cah CIt cagun hOI."-GPS. trWo [cagunl See trc;!fO. 2 P well being, remarks about why and how a thing is. See

dk

~?l.

[eac-hajara] See 6fIif <:J'R'"dT. 'tl'tl'a' [eacak] See ~. 2 female hawk, also called CIpak. See ~. 't3'tI"a' [cacar] Skt adj inconstant, transitory.
tltWH'ijI

~[cacracri]Skt~ndivisionorparting

of the hair. "cacracri k;'lkm mudnka mahIdi bani." -BGK. ~ [cacria] There is no evidence of this word in Dasam Granth. But there is a reference to it in Shastarnammala. "ho, ch;'ld cacria mahI nI~;'lk prClmanIyE."

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This poetic form has been referred to as gurdwara located at this place. carcari, c;"icri, cadi and vIbudhpnya in books "g<:lmne satIgur gae agari. sahasrav ke pahuc majhari. of prosody. It has four lines; each line is structured as SIS, 115, 151, 151, 511, SIS. cacaphaggo ke ghar gae. Example: bri pratIgya purat bhae." aIo t1hkal brahmal). yagy ko thaI dekhkE, -GPS. tah1 puchat bolkE nkhI bhat bhat vIsekhkE, ~ [eaci<;la] Skt ~ a fruit like cucumber s;"ig sudar ram lak$mal). dekhI dekhI su harkhai, that grows on climbers. It has white spots on bEthkc SUI rajm;oi<;lal varl).ai sukh v<:lrkhai. it. It ripens in summer and rainy season and is -ramc5dnka. cooked as a vegetable. It is also called snake 2 matnk c;"icri metre comprises four lines, gourd. each line having 46 matras, with three pauses ~ [caclx:lhar], ~ [cacOOar], ~ [cacCidhar] at the intervals of 12 matras each with Skt (Htr.R n a rodent, which emits very foul assonance, fourth pause after 10 matras, and smell. It is a well known belief that if a snake the last matra is guru. happens to catch this rodent, he can't eat it because of the foul smell it emits and for fear Example: tyagdehu m<:lno pap, kijE s<:lbh se mIlap, of getting leperous. If he does not eat it and japo kartar jap, s~itCIt hOIkE, lets it go, it attacks the snake in the eye as a de~ sath prem dhar, jati abhIman tar, result of which it turns blind. "gahi phani vIdya karkE pracar, <:lbluman khoIkE.... cacudhar5 taji Ild khaI y5 bhayo."-NP. See The difference between this metre and 5Wt:Cf. 2 a type of firework that moves like kabItt lies in it being based on matras and the this rodent. bbItt, being varnIk, based on characters. If ;ffi"ar [eacera] adj pertaining to the uncle; for example: "cacera bhai" 'cousin, son offather's the first two lines are read as "tyag dIO m<:lno younger brother. ' pap, kijE sabhi se mIlap, j<:lpO kartar jap, satCIt hOIkE," it would be a kabItt, not cacri. tJS [each] eye. See~, tl"t:f and t3'w. tJtlT [eaca] n father's younger brother. 2 lIth esdiljd [e;:>chrasur], ~ [eacchar] Skt 'q~, a character ofPunjabi script. "C<:lcca carankamal demon that annihilates the enemy just by gur laga."~bav~m. 3 pronounciation of II th looking at him. 2 Skt fu~ a demon that fought against Durga. See W ~, "RCfq 5, a 14. character of Punjabi script. 4 short for carca. "c<:lchrasur maral).."-akal. See "ali alI mercaca gunre."-maru m 1. 'The male and the female blackbees are engrossed in tf [e<:lcchu] Skt n eye. ;m [e;:>j] 11 the area of Doab between Chenab lauding the lotus flower.' See j.:fQ 3. ~ [eacaphaggo] name ofa merchant, who and Jehlum. 2 Skt ~ something worth doing; way ofdoing something. "caj acarkIchu bIdhI was a resident of tehsil Sasram, district Shahbad in Bihar. As a devoted Sikh of the nah! jani."-asa m 5. See BB. Guru, he pledged not to shift to his newly tJtf [eajul See ;m 2 and ~. "gur mIlI caju acaru sIkhu." sri m 5. constructed house, until the Guru visited and stayed in it. Guru Teg Bahadur graced his tlG [eatlSkt 'Ole, vr pour, dismantle, unsettle, pack up, roll up, break. 2 Skt~ advquickly, house by his holy visit. Now there is a

rowa-.

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instantaneously. "Iny rovat kutvar ke tat cat kuki "kahilko muhri: catvai."-CdrItr 55. jaI."-c<JrItr 76. 3 n disciple, pupiL novice, 'iJ~ lcatai] n act of licking. 2. mattress made follower. 4 student. of straw. '6GFT"6" [catsar], tJCFI"'l? [catsal], tJ'CRT('Jf [catsala] ~ [catak] n blemish, stain. 2. sudden sharp Ski B?'F.fIW" n school, where students enrol noise. :5 adv promptly; hastily. "catak cotE." --ramav. themselves for studies. 2 boarding house. ~ [catsaII] in the school. "catsaii balaku ~ [catan] n level ground in a hilly area; rock, paIa."-ram m 5 bano. large boulder. tlcor [catak] n love, devotion. 2 brilliance, lustre. tre'('jT [catana] See ~. 3 nimbleness, quickness. 4 creaking sound; ~ [catara] Ski n young one of a sparrow. sound of something getting torn. 5 Ski male "cnga! pharr catara lEgaIo."-asa k<Jbir. A catara has a delicate body. See~. sparro'" trc~ [c;:Jt3k:Q.a], ~ [cdtakna] v be torn; make -ail [cati] n penalty, fine. "badha cati jo bhare, a sound of tearing apart. 2 knock, throw down. na gU1)u na upkaru."-varsuhi m 2. 'What one "chItI pE catke catkile. "--c<JrItr 1.:3 descend. bound by order performs, does not have any merit.' tlGC(l' [catka] n taste, ardent desire. 2 cracking sound, sound of something getting torn. ~ [calia] n earthern vessel. 2 disciples, 3 female sparrow. pupils. See B? "catia sabhe bIgare."-bhET tlGCiftw [catkila] adj of gaudy colour. 2 clever. namdev. See BCOfc'lT 2. 3 praiseworthy. 4 blossoming. tI? [catu] Ski n lovely remark. 2 flattery. 3 raised "upban me gulab catkile."-GPS. seat for a holy man. 4 belly, abdomen. 5 disciple, ~ [cat1)a], i3"Cc')T [catna] v lick, pass tongue pupil. 6 adjbeautiful, lovely. over. "sIl jog alu1)i cati."-var ram 3. See fi:rn'. tJ?ORI' [catukar] Ski flatterer. tI'Gc'fl' [catni] n something worth licking; sauce. tkr [catta] n disciple, follower. 2 heap of bricks 2 sauce made by crushing together mint, salt, laid in order. 3 adv immediately; quickly. "kar sour lemon juice, chilli. tau apne bal ko tan catta."-krrs<Jn. BCtIG [catpat] adv at once, instantaneously. [cattil See Bit 1. 2 sucked or licked, See "catpat bhaje."-ramav. ~. 3 halting place for pilgrims on way to ~ [G'ltpatana] v feel uneasy, agitated or Badrinath. perturbed. 2 be in a haste; be rash. 3 writhe '60 [cath], tl'o [catth] Ski ~ n deity of the with pain. 4 make noise. "catpataI i:rI1) jayo house, to whom prayers are said at the time of inaugurating the house. (house-warming jaryo. "-xam. ~ [catpdti] n excitement, haste. 2 nervousness. ceremony) "cath arabhi guru kartar."-GPS. 'ffi5r [cattha] a Jatt subcaste, that fought 3 something saucy and delicious. ~ [catvana] See ~(!T. Maharaja Ranjit Singh. The battle finds mention tJCT [cata] n disciple, pupil, novice. 2 earthen in Chatthian di Var. 2 Several villages founded vessel, pitcher. 3 cup made by palms of the by farmers of this subcaste go by this name. hand. "satI cate snI chai. "-var majh m 1. ~ [caQa], ~ [caQQa] n praise, flattery. "tmha nahi kISE di kIChu caQa ram."-brha chJt m 4 See tkr. ~ [catau1)a] v make someone lick. 2 bribe. 4. 2 hip, buttock. J See B'~.

rn

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Cfi'jT

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~~

cre?)T [ca<;le gate kama] v throw somebody on the ground by holding him firmly by the hip, "kahE mardana yako mara ca<;l<;le gatekar."-NP. tm3" [ca<;lhat] n offering to the guru or deity; oblation. 2 attack, invasion, assault. ;reor [ca<;lhna] v ascend, ride. 2 climb. 3 attack the enemy. ~ [ca<;lhau] n uphill climb i.e. ascent. 2 improvement, enhancement, progress. ~ [ca<;lhauna] v help someone climb or go up. "dharti te akaSI ca<;lhavE."-sar kabir. 'tN'tt [ca<;lhai] n act of ascending or climbing. 2 assault on the enemy. 3 march, departure. 4 xa death. ~ [ca<;lhavna] v make someone ascend or climb. "bu<;lImue nauka mIlE kahu kahI ca<;lhavau?"-bIla sadhna. 2 See ~. ~ [ca<;lhava] n offering made to the deity; donation. 2 gifts (c lothes and ornaments) sent by the bridegroom to the bride to be worn at the time of wedding; i.e. vari. trw [ca<;l<;lha] See tf;;p". 2 See ~. ~ [ca<;l<;lhe] a subcaste among Jatts. 2 a higher caste among Khukhrain Khatris. "jattu bhanu tirtha caIcaile ca<;l<;lhe care."-BG. 'e<! [caI:d n a variety of sugarcane which is extremely sweet and of good quality. 2 Skt suf famous. 3 a suffix, meaning competent, for example vIdyacaD. ~ [caDak], m;r [caDa] Skt TfUlCfl n gram, chicken pea. See ~. ~ [caDaka] See ~. tl'3"6' [catar] See ~. ~ [catu], ~ [catuar] Skt four. "palke kare catu bhaI."-gyan. 'four parts of the mouth.' "varatahI jug catuare;" -maru solhe m 1. ~ [catusatay], ~ [catusatd See ~. ~ [catuspadi] Skt ~ a poetic form comprising four equal parts. It has four lines,

\fi "iIJ'l'i'

each line having thirty matras, first pause at the 10 t \ second at the next 8th and the third at the subsequent 12 t\ ending with one sagaD and guru. It is also called cavpEya or cJpEya. Example: jap-hE na bhavani, akathkahani, papkaram ratI Ese, manhE na deva, alakh abheva, durknt munIvar jEse, cinhE na bata, partny rata, dharam na karam udasi, janhE na bata, adhIk agyata, at narak kar basi. -kalki. ~ [catu~tay], ~ [catustd Skt ~ n a group of four, as for example: catu~tay sadhan (four approaches), that is, vnagy, vIvek, khatsapattI and mumuk~uta. ~R"Q7i [catustEsadhan] See ~. tr:J"Q" [catur] Skt adj clever. 2 alert, active. "janahu catur sujan."-s m 9. 3 skilful, sagacious, wise. 4 Skt four. "catur dISa kino bal apna."--dh;ma m 5. ~ l'>R'R'E[T })ffu [catur avastha an] enemy of the fourth stage of life: the enemy of old age i.e amnt. -s;mama. See ~ ~ 2. ilgijQJC! [caturguD] See ~. ilgijil'gij [caturcatur] adj clever and discreet, sensible and smart. ~ [c:}turath] adj fourth. tr:J"1m" ~ [caturath avastha] n stage of enlightenment that is beyond waking, sleeping and dreaming. 2 old age, the fourth stage; the last stage of life as childhood, adolescence, youth and old age. "iJ"g"1m" Rl1W })ffu [caturath ;wastha an] the fourth stage; its enemy, amnt.-sanama. 2 In medicine, elements that destroy the effect of old age. ~ [caturathpadJ n fourth stage ofspiritual

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enlightenment in which the soul becomes one with the divine. 2 fourth line of a poetical metre. ~ [catUfathI], ~ [caturthij Skt ~~tT n fourth day ofthe dark and bright phases ofthe moon. "caturathI care bed SUJ)I sodhIO tatubicaru."-gau thIti m 5. ~ [mturdas] Skt~ n fourteen. "cdturdas hat dive dUI sakhi. "~maru solhe m j. 'fourteen worlds, sun, moon.' ~UTG [caturdas hat] fourteen worlds. See
~.

~Olilf

[caturmukh] Brahma, who has four

faces. See tl:jdaO(~. tli;;! d<;!ddl [caturvdrag] Skt ~ n a group offour: assets, religion, sex, emancipation. 2 according to Gyan Prabodh. "Ik rajdhdrdm Ik dandhardm. Ik bhogdharam Ik mochkaram. Ih caturvardg sdbh jag bhdl).at." ~ [caturved] four Veds. See~. t1~a~tfi [caturvedi] Skt~~ one who knows all the four Veds. 2 a subcaste of Brahmans which gets this name for having knowledge of the four Veds. ili;;!d~'diJ [caturvyuh] ~ n a group of four things. "guru nanak ji ko vahguru caturvyuh avtar mIlIa hE"-JSBM. a collection of four characters: va+hI+gu+ru. 2 according to Vaishnavism, Krishan, Balram, Prayuman and Anirudh. ~~ [caturai] n shrewdness, cleverness. "catu1'ai na paIa kInE tu."-anjdu. ~ [caturag], ~ [cdturaga] Skt ~ n four divisons of the army consisting of elephants, chariots, horses and infantry. "hasatI 1'dth asv pavantej dhdl).i bhuman caturaga."-jEt m 5.2 adjwho owns all the four divisions of the army. t1i;;!d i ()() [caturanan] one who has four faces i.e Brahma. ~ [caturIya] adjwoman having shrewdness, a clever woman. ~ [catu1'ag] Skt n chess. 2 See ~. 3 a raja who keeps and maintains all the four divisions of the army. 4 chess board, having a knight, king, queen and pawn as its components, dice. 5 See ~ '" ~ 3. '8:;'lJfdla1 [caturagIl).iJ, i3:jJfdli'i1 [catu1'agmi] adj which has four parts (feminine). 2 n army which has four divisions. See~. 'tI"3o [cat:m] See ftr3o.
tl~d~q1 [c;~turvdktrd]

~ ~ [caturdas vIdya] See ,~t<JfutJrr.

Skt ~ n fourteenth day ofthe dark and bright phases ofthe moon. ili;;! dJH [caturdas] a pandit, resident of Kashi, who became a devotee of Guru Nanak. 2 a learned pandit of Kashmir who, on listening to Guru Nanak Dev's discourse, became his ardent disciple. 3 a Khatri of Kapoor clan, who attained spiritual enlightenment aftcr becoming a follower of Guru Aljan Dev. ~ [caturdha] Skt ~ ad; something divided into four parts. 2 offour kinds. ~ [caturpadi] See ~ . il~dij0(1 [caturbaktra] Skt i3:j","qii n one who has four faces. Brahma, Chaturanan. "su kotI mturbaktral).a." -gyan. ili;;!dija13 J [caturbdkita] Sec ~. ~ ~ [caturbahi] Skt 'CI<j,<Sjf~q"l adj of four arms. 2 n Durga, i who had four arms. 3 Skt a cart driven (pulled) by four horses. ~ [caturbhuj] Skt ~:Pr adj a male who has four anns. 2 n Vishnu, who has four anns. 3 the Creator, who looks after all the four sides (directions) of the universe. "'cdturai nd caturbhuj paiE."-gau kabir. ~ [cdturmas] See ~ .
ili;;!dH1 [caturdasij

.,rr

IPurans talk of deities with two anns, four arms, eight arms and ten arms.

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m [eCltJr], m [eClt:>:!"], ~ [eCltJ!"gar] ~~

a famous fort in Rajputana which was the capital of Mewar. It is three and a quarter miles long and twelve hundred yards wide. Spread over 690 acres, it was constructed on 500ft high hill by Mori Rajput Chitrang ' in the 7th century AD. Bapparav captured the fort in 734 AD. Afterwards, it remained the capital of Mewartilll567. The fort was first attacked by Alaudin Khilji in Sammat 1361, who, charmed by the beauty of bewitching Padmavati,2 the attractive wife of Bhim Singh, the uncle of raja Lakshman Singh of Mewar, invaded Mewar to possess her. After the victory, he entered the fort, only to find that Padmavati had already immolated herself. Alaudin Khilj i entrusted the fort to his son Khijar Khan, after whose ~ame, it was renamed Khijrabad. The second attack on the fort was launched by emperor Akbar in Sammat 1624 during the time of Rana Udai Singh. The injured Rana had to t1ee. Jaimal and Patto [phatta] gave a tough fight but were killed. After this, Udaipur was made the capital of Mewar. Of the many historical memorials and temples in Chataur, the following two are most famous. I. Nine storeyed and 120 ft high pillar of glory built in memory of Rana Kumbh, who ruled over Mewar for 35 years from 1433 to 1468. 2. The other most famous memorial was constructed in the name of brave Rajputs Jaimel and Patto.) A pillar, 80 feet high, has
tSome scholars believe that this fort was called Chitarkot or Chitrangkot after the name of king Chitrang who built it. 2She was the daughter ofHamir Shankar. JS ee l?fmlO.

also been built to commemorate Jain Tirathankar Adinath. Chataur is also called Chitaur. 4 ~ ~ [catJrgarh tarnal v xa piss, urinate. It means that the Khalsa can accomplish easily tasks, found arduous by the people. ~ tPtf [catJr marera pap] See ~. tr-I [catr] See ~. "catr cakr kClrta."-japu. a clever' cClkr karta ' . ~ [eCltr-an] Brahma. See 'dijd t (')('). "bIsekh cCltr-an ko."-braham. ~ [eatvClr] Skt n platform, dais. :2 crossing. 3 place cleaned for the performance of an oblation. 4 four. ~ [eatvasl, ~ [eatvar] Skt 'iRl<:I-~. four. ~ [cCltvarf~] Skt adj fortieth. il~ tFJaa [eCltvarf~Clt] Skt n forty. trOOf [Cdnak] See "d"<m. ~ [can-l).athi] c3dcm-kathi. n a piece of sandalwood. "tera namu kari CCln-l).athia je manu ursa hOI."-guj m 1. tffiT [eClna] See ecr and ~. "jIu bpI ke br musCltI cancm ki."-gau kabir. "kab-hu kuranu cane bInaVE."-bhE'r namdev. ~ [cClnaIl).] n moonlight. 2 brightness, illumination. ~ [canab] See ~. B7)'lO [canar] P .I~ n a tree that grows in northern India especially in Kashmir. L Platanum Orientalis (Poplar). It is a tall shady tree. Its leaves resemble an open human hand. Its wood is used for furniture and buildings. According to the Persian poets, this tree burns in its own fire. "a cuna soxtem za atI~. har kI ba~lJnid Cll canar basoxat."-digo. 2 See ~.

4Rana Sangram Singh (Sanga) ofChataur fought a battle against Babur on 16'h March 1527, in the battlefield of Khanunan or Kanhwa, located in Bharatpur state to the west ofAgra. Rana was defeated in this battle. He died in the year 1529 (Sammat 1586).

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[cap] Skt~vr explain, instruct, thrash, beat, dupe. 2 n obstinacy, tenacity. 3 P b~ trick, fraud. 4 adj left. 5 opponent. 6 This word has been used in place of chap: "sadhu 5;:)muh prasan phIrE jag, satru sabh aVIlok capEge." -dkal. 7 See ~nf. ~ [capak] Dg n left flank of the army. trlfGT [capta] See~. ~ [captiJ See ful./it. 2 n artificial reproductive organ. See t3fuq 109. eft 52 ;;rt.W [capl).a], B1-fOT [c;:lpna] v resist, retaliate. 2 take a stand. 3 be surrounded. 4~ be vexed, All these words have their root in the Persian word cap. ~ [c;:lpras] n a metal badge in the belt or baldric, with a sign of office or licensed employment, worn by an orderly. See 13l1.JOTm. trtRJTFft [c;:lprasi] an orderly; peon. 2 policeman who regulates traffic. 3 watchman. ~ [Cdpraharpur], 13~ [caprarJi name of a place, where Guru Hargobind stayed on his way to Kashmir. The Guru thrust a lancer in the ground and water gushed out for the congregation and troops to satiate their thirst. A gurdwara exists here on the land of village Rahisma. See ~. ;:n..n? [cap;:)!] Skt adj playful, inconstant. "capalbudhI SIU kaha basaI?"-bdsJt kdbil'. 2 n mercury. 3 fish. ~ [cap;:lltal, ~ [c;:lp;:lltai], ~ [cap;:lltva] n cleverness, playfulness. tJl.R?T [c;:lpla] Skt adj fickle, inconstant. 2 n lightning. 3 wealth, goddess of wealth. 4 prostitute, harlot. 5 tongue. ~ [c;:lpli] n posture of sitting cross-legged. 2 Kashmiri slippers made ofstraw and leather. ~ [c;:lplag] adj fickle and uncertain. "tahi S;:lme c;:lplag tur5g;:ln. "--kl'TS;:ln. ~ [C;:lpra] n flat piece of a purified sealing wax. 2 a kind oftlat dagger which is less long

but more broad. "C;:lpra ;:lSI sal' sIp;:lr."-s;:lloh. ~ [capras], ~ [caprasi] See BtRJlFf and

BtRJTFft. BLP3l [c;:lpati] P j~ n thin and tlattened bread;

-em [C;:lPI] adv because of enmity. 2 irritatingly.

3 by resisting. See~.

thick sweet bread.

trilc [capet], tJ1);r [caper] Skt W n slap given

as a warning; blow'.
~ [cdpJl] sudden and quick attack on the

enemy.

tftrit [capPDi] lid to cover an earthen vessel.

2 knee cap; patella. W [cappa] n one fourth. 2 measurement, four fingers broad. 3 oar. 4 forehand, front part of the hand. ~ [c;:lb;:)cca] P ,,-f' n water reservoir, tank. 2 special tank at the biIihplace of the Gurus, where the newborn is given a bath. It is called Chabacha Sahib. 3 See 12~r:8iHifas. W~(Jl:j [cabaccasahIb] See ;;:n:j'tJT 2 and 'ij8'd IHfds. ~ [cabal).], tJaW [cabana] SkttFf< n chewing with teeth, grinding with teeth. "saru c2bI mbI harIr2S pij"-kdlI dill 4. 2 teeth with which something is chewed. "cabal) CaL)l! ratan se sUl).iar b;:lhIg;:le."-s fal'id. 'Teeth, feet, eyes and ears got disabled in old age.' ;:rfu [c;:lbI] by chewing. See ~ 1. ~ [cabil).a], B1fl7jT [cabina] n that which is worthy of chewing; roasted corn etc. ~ [c<Jbutra] n See ~. ~ [cabolna] v relish something by rolling it between the tongue and the palate. [cabolal See 'trtI-a-w. 2 adj something chewed and masticated. 3 swallowed, gulped. "prem pIala cupp c;:lbola."-BG. W [cabba] a village located at about two and a halfkohs south ofAmritsar. A famous place called Sangrana, connected with the sixth Guru,

ww

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is located here. Sulakhni, a Jatti, got a boon at this place. See ~ . 'IDf [cdm] Skt'Cf11.. vr take semi-liquid food, sip some liquid. 2 Skt short for tn-f. ~ [cdmdia] adj one who earns his living by tanning leather and making leather goods. "rdvdas Cdmlar camaia."-bIla am 4. trnFr [camas], B1-fRT [cdmsa] Skt ~ n tumbler or cup for taking liquid; bowl used in vedic rituals. 2 spoon. tl'lfCf [cdmak] n miracle, light, illumination. ~ (cdmdkl)a], ~ [camakna] v sparkle, shine, radiate. 2 be provoked. ~ [camaka] adj alert, vigilant, cautious. "jo nrIp camka na rah."-carItr 50. ~ [camkar], ~ [camkaru] n miracle, radiance. "camkar bijul tahi."-sor namdev. 2 act of provoking. "hasti dina camkar." -bher namdev. trnfcr [cdmdkI] adv by flashing. "damcmI CdmakI qaralo."-sor m 4. tIJ-/Cft [cdmki] n leather whip, thin twig-like whip of leather. IDfcia Ffl'fus' [cambr sahIb] a village under Morinda police station, tehsil Ropar, district Ambala. Three historical gurdwaras are located here: (l) After leaving Anandpur Sahib, Guru Gobind Singh, along with his two elder sons and forty Sikhs, fought the Mughal army from inside the fortress of Chamkaur on 7 th Poh, Sammat 1761. The place is now called Garhi Sahib. A gurdwara has been built here; Patiala state gives annual grant of Rs. 25 to the gurdwara. It was here that Guruship was bestowed upon the Khalsa. For this reason the place has been named Tilak Asthan. It is located 25 miles east of Dol'aha railway station. (2) Katalgarh. Baba Ajit Singh and Baba Jujhar Singh, elder sons of Guru Gobind Singh

after showing rare valour attained martyrdom in Chamkaur Sahib on 8th Poh, Sammat 1761. An elegant gurdwara has been constructed at the place where the bodies of the Sahibzadas and other martyrs were cremated. A fair in memory of the martyrs is organised here every year on 8 th Poh. During the Sikh rule, 100 bighas of land were allotted to the gurdwara. A grant of rupees 300 per annum was allocated . by raja Bhup Singh of village Raipur. A sum of rupees 661 per annum was granted by PatialC' state. (3) Damdama Sahib. The tenth Guru stayed here for sometime while on his way to Kurukshetar. seventeen ghumaons of land is allocated to the gurdwara. Another monument in the name of the valiant Jiwan Singh is also located in Chamkaur Sahib. tl'>fC:ffo [camk'3nI] perform miracles. "blju1ia cdmk;'inI ghurdnI ghata."-var maru 2 m 5. ~ [cdmgadar], ~ [camglddar] n a bird with the face of a jackal. It has leather wings and hangs upside down on the tree. It is a night bird that lives on vegetarian diet. Flying fox (Bat). trntr [camac], 'ID-ItP' [camca] See tn-fFf. P small ladle, spoon. ~ [camCIccar] n something that sticks to the body; by making a loop in the skin, it sucks blood; a tick. 2 a man that sticks like a tick and refuses to leave. 3 one who sheds merit and sticks to demerit. BHtf [camju] louse that sticks like a tick to the body; tick, louse. ~ [camatkar] Skt~ n marvel, wonder. 2 something amazing. 3 miracle, ascetic's magical exercise. 4 dazzling light. "damlni camatkar tlU vartara jagkhe."- gau var 2 m 5. 5 literary feat that charms the reciter and the listener.

f:

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GURDWARA TILAK ASTHAN, CHAMKAUR SAHIB

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L-

--J

GURDWARA KATALGARH, CHAMKAUR SAHIB

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cough, jaundice (pancreatic dis1ease, gall bladder disease), blood disorder, bloody piles accompanied by lot of blood discharge etc. P~~'1' [guraba] n a type of food prepared by mixingjaggery [gur] and mango juice. W[gu] Skt ~ vr defecate, stroll with alertness, excrete. From this is derived ~ (W'cr) [guh (giih)]. ~ [guahtiJ See~. "mrkasur raja baQo guahti ko raI."-c<Jrrtr 203. piw [guabadar] See ~fT~. [guh] n dirt, excreta. See W. "guh parI sagvi malu laI m;:msukhu aIa."-var g<Ju 1 m 4. WiJIT [giiga] See gj'or. "cakhI giiga rnuskavat." -sar m 5. qf'iit cit ~ [giige ki m:[thIai] See g:fciT eft ft..rforit. "jInI Ih cakhi soi jal).E giige ki mIthIai."-sor m 4. Wtf [giij] See gj'R W~ [giijl).a], Wtf?iT [giijna] See gj'ffi'l. WfRf [gujar] See Qj'i=Rf. WfRit [gujril Skt QJ"tfuT n a gujjar woman. "'gujri jatI gavar."-var guj 1 m 3. 2 See ;~'Rft 1-fT3T. 3 a f?arav rag I l).i in tOQi that, in which pa1cam, the fifth note is prohibited:, dhEvat" the sixth note, is primary, that is, is vadi and I'I~abh the second note is samvadi (that is, secondary). rIf?abh (the second note), gadhar (the third note), and dhEvat (the sixth note) are flat; maddham (the fourth note) is sharp; nIf?adh (the seventh note) is pure. The hour of singing is four gharis after sunrise. ascending - f?a ra ga mi dha na ~a. desending - ~a na dha mi ga ra ~a. In Guru Granth Sahib, rag gujri is at number five. ~ [gujrimata] See QJT-Rft 1-fT3T. F [gujha], [gujhi] See QIW-g:pft. "gujhi bhahI jalE sasara."-dh<Jna m 5. we [gut] n small-statured horse, dwarfish horse. ~ [guQar] Dg n camp, tent. witt [guQi] See QJ1ft. 2 kite. "anile kagadu katile

wrr

guQi."-ram namdev. ~ [guQh] Skt adj esoteric, hidden. 2 complex sentence, easy to understand. 3 See w;r 2. ~ [guQharthJ Skt ~ n hidden or secret meaning. ~ ~ [guQharth dipIka] an exegesis of Japuji written in Sanskrit by Nihal Singh, a great scholar belonging to the Nirmala sect. In this exegesis, the underlying meaning and import ofthe early morning devotional prayer of the Sikhs has been explained according to the system of Shankar's Vedant. This exegesis was written around 1940 Sammat. ~ [guQhoktI] hidden story; allegorical story; saying something at the manifest level but carrying a different meaning at the latent level. It is also called "anyoktI". vyajhf par upde~ kar param caturi sag alakar guQhoktI tahf varl).at kaVI mvrag.
-ramc5drbhu~d1J..

wm-

jahf samjhayE::>r ko Qar::>r pE bat so anyoktI nam kavI varl).at ras sarsat. -<J15karsag<Jrsudha. Examples (1 )sfmal rukh saraua atI diragh atI mucu, ;)I jI avahI as karI jahI nIrase kItU? -var asa. (2)hasa vekh tradIa baga bhI aIa cau QUbI mue bag bapure SIr talI uparI pau. -var v<JQ m 3. (3)dadur, tu kabahI na janasI re, bhakhaSI sIbalu basaSI numal jal, amnt JQ.a lakhasI re.-maru m 1. (4) kabir samDdu na choQiE jau atI kharo hOI, pokhan pokharI QhuQhte bhal0 na kahIhE koI.-s kabir. (5)saras ke nadan ko bad na sunat kahii nahak hi bakbad dadur maha karE, '\;ri patI " su kaVI jaha ::>j na sarojan ko phulE m bhabhul jahf cItt dE caha karE,

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bakem ki bani ki bIrajat hE rajdhani kaI s6 kallt pani herdt hdha kdrE, gh6ghdn ke jal jame ndrai SIvar ta me ese papi tal ko maralle kdha karE? (6)cho~e chote pat kme kam ke na thahrat dekhe chut chah mem kEsekE rdsaie, pme pme k"itdk bIlok-kE bdc;lhdt suI mul hu me thJr VI$ram ko nd paie, "lal" kdVI phule phul rdS rup g;'ldh bIn svad blna phdl mukh kEsekE lagaie, tum hi kdhJ nd he bdbur kaha dhari mJn? kJn as rakh ravre ke pas aie? (7)sunie vltdp prabhu! puhap tlhare ham rakhie hamE to $obha ravri bac;lhaI hE, tdj-h6 hdrdkh te, nd cara kdChu ap san jaM jdha jaf t;'lh;'l duni chdbI pal hE, suran cac;lhEge surnar nd cac;lhEge sis SUkdVI "rahim" hath hath hi blkar hE, de$ me rahege pdrde$ me rahege, kahu bhes me rahege par ravre kdhaI hE. Bhai Basant Singh, a gem in the court of Maharaja Narendra Singh, raja of Patiala, wrote a satsdi, some couplets of which are examples ofguc;lhoktr. They are given below: h;'lsdnyoktI mIl hE Ms! rasal phal, sitdl jal subh cMh, ve mukta bIn mansar, mrlE an Sdr nah. mansarovar rna karE, jay6 tdya kar nIrbah, tu na sfdhu tat j;'ln ki, kdr h;'ls! crt cah. brn mukta pukhurin l mE, kdb lag hOI nlbhau, kdglan baglan majh mrl, h;'ls! \1C) log h;:)sau. tu maral! bEthat kdha, p;'lkh sayar s;.war? yaha khir dru nir ko, rahit bhau rksa1kf$uk 2 dnyoktr mhr p<lrag makrad nahr, nahr sugadhr sukh mul, mat kf$uk ur Eth kar, ae bhram3r ju bhul. tu na garab kI$uk kus3m, hE muhr adhlk sugadh.
lsmall ponds. 'flower of Dhak tree, Butea frondosa, flower of Fieus glomerulata.

kaha bhayo m;'lc;lrat jo, yah madhukar mad-adh? gajanyoktI kat kutev 3 tok6 pari, are kari! matlkur, ab anyo anhvay tu, ab melat SIr dhur. kakanyoktr krto kak pratrpal tu, krto lac;l dE yahr. jab kab kokrl ke baca, mrlE kokrlan mahr. sIgh ;myoktr hanat mec;lkan ko kaha, re ajan mrrgrar? mar matt gajraj ko, sabh parrvar aghar. sfgh tor prt mat ne, brrtha lac;layo lac;l, aj-;'lc;lan ko takat tu, gajg."ic;lan 4 ko chac;l. amra anyoktr tu rasal sabh ko sukhad, det saphal ras bhin, yahi te brdhr karat nahi, tohI kabE pat-hins. rasna anyoktr rasna! tuv as na kou, silv;'lt sa hulas, kathrn dasnamE dryas nrs, karat vayas bhar vas. ari jih, p3grya 6 kahrt, bol bEn rasbor, tor kurakhti tanak si, karE kubakhti 7 mar. adhar anyoktr kac;lhan dehu mat badan te, are adhar! as bol, nahak basat paras tuh, kute jahf kapol. akkanyoktI 8 arClk! thali ke majh nrj, bhali su bES bltau, tu aban ke mulak mE, mat nrj pat utrau. bak (bagla) anyoktr khir nir brlgavto, jJ bak mec;lak khar, ko pratrpalat h5s ko, mukta cog cugaI? Clre pathrk, tuv drr gan mE, rahyo sadhu $ubh sujh, ya b3k ko brvhar tu, muhI mec;lak te bujh. gardh3bh (gadha) anyoktr kdha bhayo tuhr pith par, ladi krtab hajar, tu na mulano hor khar, gun palano c;lar.
'bad vailey. larea close to an elephant's car. 'without leaves; without sense of honour. "turban, head dress. 7baclluck.
~desert.

arid land.

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re gdrdhabh, yate kahlt gardhabh tohI jahan, sikhyo r;}c na gyan tE hot Ite ba~ kan. blral (bIlla) anyoktI kltJ kathln brat dhar kar, parsi': jaI kIelar, mItE majar na bIn klye, mukhak mas ahar. ullu anyoktI tav akhlyan mE mltr l ki rahi na jab pahlcan, kahln lagyo sabh jagat tuhI, nam uluk bakhan. bagvan anyoktI re mali, tUhI phalan ki abhIlakha na lakhaI, ti': sakhamng2 vlpan ke rakha elae banal. mali! jfh khali udar tfh phal deh jarur! rahyo aghaI agur s6 khvavat tahI khajur. tahf na rakh mali are, jahI phal bhare plyukh, ya banar ko sSp tu, bar gular ke rukh. kokII keki 3 ko 1?abad sun suhat nahI tOhI, mali, lali bhal ki, ab kachu kali holn, are bagvare, karat kat ratnare 4 nEn? j:> na madhur phal det tu, bol madhur mukh bm. bIll anyoktI rakh apne pas tu bIl apni bax1?i:?, tor phalan ke sahln ko, nahln mor bal sis. phorat SIr jackan ko, dE phal atI besvad, bIl, muhI sac batau tu, klyO k:>n ustad? sultan (sarvar) ~my:>ktI tu pardhanharvaI kar,khaI khu1?inlthoh:c, ayat kavan kuran ki, avat pa~hni tOhI? pavat dhan kudhan jahf, turat manavat id, jESO tu sultan he, tEse tor muriel. Ikkh anyoktI cumi': cati': ukh tulu, klto laI hly het, bIn kate kute blna, tu na kabE ras det. bakri anyoktI aja, tlhare put k r , ~db kab SIr dhar hE na, tu lakhdata 5 ko kahe, klt6 cunna dEn.
I
2
3

aho aja, tav prakIrtI ko kah6 kaha mat kur, megan g;m tE purlear, dino dudh jarur. kaha bhayo sath svan tuhI, det aja atI tras, tu pharyadi jah jln, bhukhe bhlrhan pas 6 aja, tor parvar mE, ba~hE klti kIn rar, tu na jaI bhrrhan ~hIg nyau 1m nIrdhar. aja, tlhare put ko mItE ap hi ghaI, tu mat hatvayo cahe, svanan te catvaI. malah anyoktI lavat var na par tu bahijat jaljan7 , tor malahi lEn ke, mE malah! kurban. badar anyoktI tu dekhyo bahu bar kapI, matkavat dug dOl, hav bhav lakh ravre, rijhat lakhyo na koI. dipak anyoktI are dlyos, IE kardlyo ujlaro ghar mahI, tor pagan tar ko kabE, mltat adhero nahI. jab dlpak baro9 huto, tho ujlyaro geh, ba~olO hoykar tE hyo, ba~ adhyaro eh. bhi':s an~oktI mahlkh tlhare ba~an ki rahi sada yahI ban, pache pani plyat sabh pal pratham ghamsan. catak anyoktI sabh meghan ko jac jln, catrak! cac pasar, e barsavanhar nahI, e tarsavanhar. cuha anyoktI bIghanblnasan 11 ko banyo, tu bahan sutaj, bIghan karat nIS dIn phuat, re mukhak nnlaj., sur anyoktI re sukar, kat phIrat tu dVEk dasan SIt ka~h? gajmukta caban cahlt, ve sfghan ki da~h. kaha bhayo ~hIg rakh tuhI, karat sfgh cltcah. re bEfah, sIlehavm2Jt, calan yahI bEfah l2
6 7

close to the wolves. boat, raft. young girl and boy. on growing up, Ganesh. bad ways, evil ways.

mItr means a friend as also the' sun, monkey. peacock. red gem. sultan, pir.

"lamp,
9

10

II

12

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1080'

re sukar dhas tal mE, tu marat khurtal, avhf m~ju mara 1 tJ kah~ kat hE kal? banyo saCIV j:> sfgh ko, thoro khah nIlaj, lakh motapan nahI karE, khotapan mngraj. lakhyo bahut daryav mE, tErat yut parvar, nahI sukar, tavpuchgahI, bhayomusapharpar. mira pir anyoktI khelat tu partnyan me, Qhol bajaI suchad, tu kahu kIn piran mE, re mira matIm~d? qrV!:''ffiJ [guQhottar] an answer with hidden, cryptic content. Such an answer may have peculiar connotations, with the miraculous encrypted in it. 2 a crypted message. sabhIpray su bhav jahf uttar dE parbin, gUQhottar van).an karE je kabItt ras lin. -ramcJdra bhu$al). Example: he yacak, tu sabar kar tyago bhojan as, do ko dEkar khat hE, ye thakur ke das. Some beggar asked, "Will I get food from this door?" The cryptic answer was, "They eat after offering food to the pujari i.e. they eat after closing both the doors." rna jar Ihtha Ik ayo, turn ko her adhIk Qdrpayo. -carItr 115. majar means both the male cat and my friend. The cryptic message lies hidden in it. ~ [gU1).] Skt 'ill<ft n sack used to load material or goods 011 a mule, ox etc; gunny sack. q) a' [gu1).a] adj multiplied. See ~~ 2 n fodder made from a kind of millet (cluster bean or cyamopsis psoraliodes). W3" [gut] See Qj'3". "hath ko pdsar gahi chori tab gut na."-GPS. .KEfi'l [t,uthan] See gIEI7i. Wt! Lgud] n flesh or pulp of celphic material of :ne head; brain. "gud parya tIh ko Im, jdYO sdvdagar ko tutgyo mat ghiko."--krIsan. 2 pulp of some fruit etc.

wt!' [gud] Skt gIt!' n gum; sticky viscous sap of a tree, which is used to paste together paper and also as medicinal ingredient for a number of diseases. 2 See gIt!(!T. 3 echo, resonance. "golan ki gud dud bud memo ban hE."-52 Poets. W"T [guda] n some material like kneaded flour fed to birds like nightingales etc. 2 adjkneaded. 3 in an inebriated condition. WtlC')I' [gudhna] See gI~. "kumharE eku ju mati gudhi." --asa kabir. 2 See gIt!(!T. qro [gun] See qr~. 2 P ul n colour, dirt. 3 type, variety, kind. ~ [gunagun] P utel adjmultifarious; of different colours; wonderful, strange. 2 variegated. qrtr [gup] See QTtI3". [gull n sheaf, bundle. "tn1). gul bahaIs." -carItr 246. 2 P owl, nightbird. 3 stupid. 4 small, pond. 5 A Ji destruction, devastation. 6 A spectre, fiend, ghost. "gan rudra gul Qdkarhi." -salah. qfffif [gular] Skt a kind of banyan tree, whose bark has sap, and fruit like fig, and which gives dense shade. See Wao. p [gur] Skt ~ adj See ~. 2 n son born from a king's sexual liaison with the daughter of a Kshtriya. See h:roJ:ftfRfi:rfoF.f. 28. "gur gaur na bhil bhikar sekh braham sarup."-akal. See

JI

~.

qr~ [gurdU], W~ [gur a ], W~ [gur h ], W~~

[gurhau] qr~T [gurha ] adj cryptic, secret. 2 a sentence having hidden, encrypted meaning. "SU1). mOdhe har1).akhie gura VE1).U aparu."-sava m 1. 3 thick, dense. See ~. iiT [gel went. "jo ge rajdvar~."-gyan. 2 future tense suffix. "han ju hanm~dIr avhfge." -kalki. 3 See -ann. 4 of. "hau balI balI balI tInge."-nat m 4. 'Cilfu [geI] See -ann.

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]081

iilu [geh] Skt n house.

~ [gehal:lI],

lfuo1 [gehmil] Skt Trft8t and

~ housewife, wife.

[gehu] See m. [gehu] n wheat. <inJr [geQa] See ~. cihft [geti] P n time, epoch, era. 2 world. cihft [geti farozl P JJ)I(j'! n the sun, which brightens the world. <in: [ged] Sktm; n ball for playing. 2 n elephant. "nanad ged brfdy5."-gyan. <it't!'r [geda] n flowering plant on which grows a ball-like flower; marigold plant, L Tageiles erecta. This is a multicoloured and beautiful flower which blossoms in winter. -ahir [gey] SktTm adjworth humming, chantable 2 n singer. 3 Skt WJ. adj worth knowing, worth understanding. crrO(!T [gen).a], tft"O?JT [gerna] v throw, spilil. 2 demolish. R [geri], ~ [geru] Skt -arfaor n red soil found on a mountain. "gerike bastra."-prabha am 1. "gholi geru rag caraIa."-maru am 1. Indian sadhus wear clothes which are dyed red with red ochre, suggestive of renunciation. ~fT [gerua] Skt -arfaor adj red colour, redcoloured. 2 coloured with red ochre. dli!!a'~if' [gerubabutra] sen reddish, browncoloured water flowed down. "vage raU jhulari jayo gerubalbutra."-c~c;fi 3. 'The blood from the body of warriors is gushing like ochrecoloured water falling from small rivulets in the mountains. ' 'dl"ffi [geli] n tree trunk; round segment between two nodal joints; long and thick log. 2 P I{ Persian horse. See CJflc?ro. 3 E galley, a wooden tablet which is used for assembling fonts for printing. cit;r[ger] n circular wheel. 2 circular movement,
~

iJftit [gehi] Skt ~ n husband, householder.

'ffi1i

if

rotation, complete turn of a wheel. [gerna] v rotate. 2 throw. 'di;:p [gera] See 'ill;r. 2 recurre11ce, tendency to repeat. "lakhu Iakhu gera akhiahI eku namu jagdis."-japu. 3 turn, occasion. "os no sukhu na upje, bhave su gera avau jau. "-var vac;f m 3. 4 recurrent cycle of life and death. -at [gd See Of{if. 2 See CJ1T!il?i. "tere gun gehe." -krIsan. -ate [geth] n organisation, formation, design, proposal. "tIn beth gqh Ikcth hV."-ramav. cITW [geQa] Skt 1]lTgCf1 n animal resembling a wild buffalo bearing a horn atop its nose; rhinoceros. "geQa man hom jagu kie devtIa ki baDe."-var mala m 1. Shields made of rhinoceros hide were often used in the olden times, to protect soldiers from injuries which could be caused by arrows and swords. In India, a special spoon or tapering vessel made from the horn of a rhinoceros is considered sacred for offering libation to deities and also to the departed souls of one's ancestors. 2 son of Bhai Bhagtuvanshi Desu. 3 a Jatt of Chahal subcaste, who was a follower of a Muslim sect founded by Sultan Sakhi Sarwar, and resident of village Bhikkhi in the princely state of Patiala. He was converted to Sikhism by Guru Teg Bahadur who bestowed five arrows on him. cITC!" [geD] n firmament, sky 2 milky way, heavenly world. "khojI QIthe sabhI geD." -majh m 5 dInre1l. 3 departure, movement. "gajgeDi."-ramav. ~ [geDar] n milky way. "has gaIa geDare.' -vac;f m 1 alahni. "cad suraju geDare."-maru solhe m 1. ~ [geDarej to the sky, in the sky, See ~. [geDI] in the sky. "geDI cari bII-IaL" ~var 1l1<Jla m 1.
~

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1082
~ [gEI;i] adj which moves. See ~ 3. 2 n

female elephant, an army of elephants. -scwama. lito [gm] See~. "uradhtap IE gm."-dhcwa m 5. 'merge with heaven after intense meditation and and severe austerities. ' ~ [gmar] See ~. -ato9' [gmi] See aTit. h [gEb] A o.r? adj secret, hidden. "alahu gEb sagal ghat bhitarr."- asa kabir. ~ [gEbar] See ~. iJtar [gEba] adj invisible, remaining hidden. 'iihrro [gEbanl, -arWOT [gEbana] P ,.;V~ adv surreptitiously, clandestinely. "gEban hEvan haram kustani."-trlJg m 1. 2 A adj foolish, stupid. "badphEli gEbana khasamu na jaI).ai. "--var majh m 1. 3 swindled. 4 S which is not known. 5 somebody who has none to protect him or her. cihft [gEbi] adjhidden, See 2 which remains hidden. 3 from a secret place. ifflft "iw [gEbi ph:>ja] xa an army ready to achieve martyrdom; a secret army, as of guerillas, ready to die. :ahll'Sodla [GEbulGEb] A ~-.d' adjvery arcane, mysterious, mystical beyond physical senseorgans, imperceptible. "kI gEbulgEb hE."-japu. tmr [gEyar] n superior elephant. cmr [gET] A .d adj other, another. 2 unknown, stranger. 3 except. dladiRa [gErhajar], dlaiJ'ftHl [gErhaju] A /fg.d adjabsent, not present, invisible. "iit'a3" [gErt], -ar'dfu" [gEratr]- A .::.-,l n shame, modesty. "phrr gEratr adarr par. "-var asa. ~ [GErparasti] P J"{.d n worshipping someone other than the Creator. ~ [gmnahal], ~ [gmnahrl] unfamiliar, strange house Le. place of worship of some god or goddess not one's deity. "gErmahrl jaI).a man mari."-BG. 2 homeless; not having a

vi'

-mr.

house. 3 n god, lord, the Creator. "mahrla adarr gErmahrl pae, bhal).a bujhr samaha he."-maru solhe m 3. ~ [GETmankula] A jjR7.d n immovable property; wealth or possessions which cannot be moved from one place to another; house, garden etc. [gETV] adj ochre-coloured, russet. 2 n elephant's trumpet. odla<eRfa [GETvajahr] P ~~ adjwithout reason; needless. "Qan sagal gErvajahr bharra."-asa m5. 'cilfacr [gETrk] See ~and ~. h [gEl], atfc? [gElr], ~ [gElu] n path, road. "sat ki gEl na choQiE."-s kabir. 2 pursuit; chase. "uha gEl na chori."-sar m 5. 3 emulation, following. "un ki gElr tohr jrn lagE."-asa kabir. iff<e"a" [gEvar] n superior elephant. "kanrk kamrni hEvar gEvar."-sor a m 5. "hEvar gEvar bahu rage."-sri m 5. S~. ~ [gEvan] See ~. lit [go] indicative of future tense. "namu japat sukh pavEgo."-kan a m 4. 2 is. "raja ke ghar saQigo."-toqi namdev. 3 Skt cow. 4 ray, beam of light. "go maricr kual).cchata."- sanama. 5 sense organs. 6 sacred hymn. 7 Ved. 8 Sarasvati. 9 eye, eyesight. 10 earth. 11 lightning. 12 direction, side. 13 mother. 14 tongue, sense of taste. 15 horse. 16 sun. 17 moon. 18 arrow. 19 singer. 20 sky. 21 heaven. 22 water. 23 thunderbolt. 24 bird. 25 tree. 26 P / part although. 27 adj who narrates. In this sense it is suffixed to the word, eg daroG-go, badgo. 28 imperative of guftan; you narrate some story. -alt [gou] adj concealing, hiding. iimfr [goa] mountainous terrain along the coast of the Arabian sea, adjoining Bombay which is sixty two miles long and about forty miles

rn

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1083

GURDWARA HAUL! SAHffi, GOINDWAL

Page 476 of 738

1084

nak~a

gOIdval

ate khaQursahIb
n;}~an

gurdvara - - - - - - - .

verva gurdvarn havelisahIb

,1kIlli",ilub b kothri t<'j"t,le.h

(" n,lh'l bibi blMIll d ".:>l>"m S<lh.rb

(>

j.m.~m

;",t[Wll p<lt{'ilhi 5

t j\'tijotI ",lll\<lU!\,ti j."Jg<l

~

tltlk 'l':'than p;~I::;",hj 4

h thC'iTll"-lJn:L>

(n

,m";.t ji .1.1

,~.th"n

MAP OF GOINDWAL AND KHADUR SAHIB

Page 477 of 738

1085

wide. The Portuguese captured this area in 1510 AD and till today they have sovereignty over this state. In India, Christains first established their stronghold here. 2 inhabitants, natives of Goa. ~ [goahatti], ~ [goahati] See~.
2See~.

iitnfr ~ [goa badar] Skt ilttror tfuo. See iltfr.

n dairyman; a herdsman who looks after cows, one who rears cow5. "gopi kanu na gau goala."-maru solhe m 1. "gopi m: goalia."-sri m 5 jogi;~dar. citfu [goI] n spiritual hymns. "gagE gOI gaI jInI choqi."-asa pati m 1. 'one who has stopped singing hymns of the Guru.' 2 iIT (earth). "gorakh so jIn goI uthali." -ram m 1. "tudhu ape gOT uthalia."-sri m 5 jogiJdar. 'one who holds aloft the whole earth, i.e. the burden ofthe entire world or universe is upon him.' 3 P .:-/ ball, hailstone. "sis katI kan gOL "-s kabir. 4 hole in the ground; pit. 'iiifi!cy [go II).] Skt ~ n cow-like deer; blue bull. "sasesayalgoI1).a."-GV 10. 2 Seei~. cIlfue" [goId] See~. 2 See -atM=. "jIthE namu na japiE mere gOIda."-majh m 5. 'of my Gobind.' ~ [go:rd] See -atM=. "gu1). go:rd nIt gaL" -sri m 5.2 adjmoistener ofthe earth (iIT [gol), rain god. 3 a sage belonging to the Udasi sect. He was born in the house ofa Kashmiri Khatri in Sammat 1626; and in Sammat 1691, he became a disciple of Baba Gurditta and rose to become a spiTitually great saint. He was the head ofa branch ofUdasi sect. Goind died in Sammat 1706 at Phillaur. A number of writers have written his name as Gond and Gonda. m~ [go:rdval] a township founded in districtAmritsar, subdivision Tarn Taran, under police station Vairoval, close to river Beas
~ [goala], ~ [goalia]

(Vipasa), by Goinda (or Gonda), a Khatri belonging to Marwaha subcaste and established with the help of Guru Amar Das. The township is fifteen miles from railway station Tarn Taran in its south east corner. In this Guru's township, following gurdwaras and holy places, are located: 1 The abode of Anand - Anand ji was the grandson of Guru Amar Das and son of Baha Mohari. In the bazaar where he used to live, stands a gurdwara. The priest is a baptised Sikh who has in his possession two granths of Gurbani written by Sansram. Out ofthese two, he gave one to his brother, who lives in village Ahiapur (district Hoshiarpur). The second is still in his possession. 2 Haveli Sahib - a house where Guru Amar Das stayed. The Guru used to stand holding a wooden peg in the room in the upper storey and sing devotional songs. The devout have now plated this peg in silver. Here, Guru Amar Das used to address religious congregations. There is a palanquin belonging to the days ofthe fifth Guru, in which religious texts containing the compositions of the Guru, were carried to Amritsar and then these sacred texts were brought back in the same palanquin. These days Guru Granth Sahib in open position is placed in this palanquin. In the verandah, there is a place where Guruship was bestowed upon Guru Ram Das. In a golden coloured picture, a visual of the this ceremony is shown. Closeby is the place where Guru Amar Das and Guru Ram Das breathed their last. In this verandah, there is a fire-place belonging to Bibi Bhani which is now made of marble. Close to this fire-place are pillars against which Arjan Dev used to stand in meditation. Nearby is a cubicle where Guru Arjan

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Dev's birth took place. Close to it, is the place Gurdaspur and Hargobindpur. A big mela is where Baba Prithi Chand and Mahadev were held on the first day ofthe month when Hindus born. hold feasting rites and feed Brahmins for the In front of it, is another cubicle where Guru eternal peace of the souls of their ancestors. Amar Das put malaria fever behind bars and 5 Mohanji's upper storey. - Baba Mohan, Bhai Lalo an inhabitant of Dalla, got it released the eldest son of Guru Amar Das, used to live and took it (i.e malaria fever) awayl. in this house. It is an ordinary house, close to This gurdwara was gifted lots of marble the bazaar, adjacent to the compound of HaveIi for laying; in particular, Maharaja ofFaridkot Sahib. A Manji Sahib structure has been built had a porch built at a cost ofeighteen thousand there. Here the fifth Guru, standing close to rupees. This place retains a fine toga worn by the upper storey room, praised Baba Mohan with the hymn: "mohCln tere uee madClr mClhrl Guru Amar Das. 3 The well of Guru Ram Das. - Nearby in apara", and got the scriptures containing Gurbani back from him. Now this house is no the settlement is a well got dug by the fourth longer a double-storeyed one. Guru, where in a room is kept Guru Granth Sahib. ~ [gorda] P ~.N:.I adj speaking one, sermon ising one; deliverer of religious 4 Bauli Sahib ~ A very beautiful well which discourse. 2 n detective, confidante, secret has eighty four stairs leading to the water-level, was got dug by Guru Amar Das in Sammat agent. 3 a devout Sikh of Guru Arjan Dev who 1616. It is a place of pilgrimage for devout rendered lot of voluntary service during the Sikhs. Lots ofdevotees believe that the recital construction of Harimandir. 4 See ~t! 3. ofthe complete text ofthe Japu Sahib on every 5 See k. step ofthis well, after bathing each time before 'iii"fuo [gOIn] blue bull. See~. "gOIn sukClr the recital, will release them from the rich bClQe."-krrsem. transmigratory cycle of birth and death. An ~ [gorl], ~ [gorlra] M~. n cow estate worth Rs 1155/- from the time of shelter, cowshed. 2 place where cows are kept so that they can graze green grass during the Mughal rule is there at Goindwal, Todewal, Duggalwala and Phatechakk. There are rainy season. "EthE gorlra drn eare."-maru annuities worth Rs 335 and Rs 54 given solhe m 1. 3 A J) adj easy. "car pCldarClth respectively by the princely states of gorl gole."-BG. ~ [gorlr] meadow for the cows. See 'aTfui') Kapurthala and Nabha. The gurdwara has in its possession a lot of 2. "gorlr ara gorli."-sri ill 5. land in villages of Goindwal, Khadur Sahib, iiTfuffi [gorli] adj caretaker of cows. 2 n Kawan, Akbarpura, Mianikhakh, Jhader, dairyman, milkman. "jru gai kClu gorli rakhClhr Vairowal, Dhunda etc and numerous houses kClr r sara."-gelU CI ill 1. [goi] kept hidden. 2 put away into a secret in the name of the gurdwara are located in place. "tudhu ape sIrCljr SClbh goi." Goindwal, Fateabad, Ferozepur city, Amritsar, -sopurClkhu. 3 secret, profound. "grrivan vaea 'Bhai Lalo was an expert practitioner of ayurvedic Cltr gor."-GPS. 'The language of the divine medicine. In this cubicle, there was a dispensary to cure is very profound i.e. difficult to understand.' fever and other diseases.

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When the lizard plants its feet firmly in some water spout or some other hole, the thieves scale the wall of the house with the help of the rope. 2 See WCJT. cirnr [goha] n cow dung "tnptE vIsta khaI mukhI gohE."-guj m 4. "gOhE atE lakri adan kira hoI."- var asa. ~ [gohatil See ~ >?f3' ~. cilu'O [gohar] See ~. ~ [gokaral)] n ear of a cow. 2 a town and a place of pilgrimage in Karwar district of ~. citmfl>,rr [gosaia] O! protector of cows. See Bombay region, thirty miles from Goa. There ~. "han rakhu mere gosaia. "'-gau m 4. is a famous Shiv temple Mahabaleswar at this iJtRG [gosat], ~ [gosatI] Skt cm~ n shelter place. The Hindus hold that Shiv bestowed this lfg on Ravan. 3 an ascetic, who was born for cows; cow pen. 2 Skt congregation, social from the womb of a cow. or cultural gathering. 3 discourse in a social or cultural gathering, discussion. "gosatI gIan iJtal;r [gokal], ~ [gokul] Skt n tribe of cows, lineage of cows. 2 herd of cows. 3 To the nam SUl)I udhre."-sor m 5. 'iii'mr [gosat] P ~I n flesh "bhuta IJila kagI south of Mathura on the banks of river Yamuna, there is a village, where the lord of gosat bhakkhIa."-cJc;ii 3. a1R()s:flC'l1 [gosnasini] P ~,.;.,I n sitting on the milkmaids, (Gopraj) Nand, lived, and Krishan used to graze cattle there. Now this place is edge; aloofness. "gurmukh gosnasini called Mahabal. rahIl)a."-BG. ~ [gokhru] Skt ~ n a weed, bearing hard, ~ [gospad] P .k'/ n goat; young one of a 7 thorny seeds; a kind of nettle, which pricks goat. citJ:rl.V [gosla] a village in tehsil Samrala, district like a knife; prickly thorny plant. 2 cow's hoof. 3 women's ornament. Ludhiana. There is a gurdwara of the sixth cIiw [gokha] n short for ~ [gorkha]. "gokha Guru in the village. gun gavE. "-CJkal. 2 a sect of Mahtam cJll:w [gosav] See ~. citfrr [gosa] P ~I n corner, edge. 2 end of a cultivators who live in Montgomri. 3 a township, which finds mention in 88 th cantr. bow; curved end of a bow. iil"wm [gosai], ~ [gosai] master of cows. This township is in Darjeeling, Bengal and See ~ >?f3'~. "gosai sevi sac:ra."-sri famously called Gokh. 4 Skt with which we dig earth: nail, claw, telon. 5 spade. m5 pEpaI. ~ [go~ala] n shelter for cows, enclosure ~ [gokhuru] See~. ~ [gokhu] a devotee of Mehta subcaste, who for cows. was a disciple of Guru Arjan Dev and served [goh] See citw. "ek goh ko 121Yo magai." at Amritsar with full devotion. - carItr 140. Thieves keep a <my, a kind of large sized lizard, with them. They tie a rope 'iiiaJ;f [gogar] n heavy pot belly, fat and hanging belly. around its waist and make it climb a house.

4 discoursed. See cit 6. "manmukh goia."- var mCJla 1. 5 n sweet curry; gruel prepared with gram-flour boiled in curd or buttermilk:; semisolid gruel, sweet to taste. 6 p you say; you may say; you will say. cittH [goem] P (f/ we say; we should say; we shall say. iJtR' [gos] P JI n ear. "dar gos kun kartar." -tIIJg m 1. 2 In Guruvilas of the tenth Guru, go~ has been used in place of syahgo~. See

Jl

mr

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1088
QlOJT.

atarr [goga] See

See~.

-are [got] n lining, hem. See g)O vr. 2 See illit.

n lace of golden or multi-coloured wires woven into clothes for embellishment. aTit [goti] n chequers; pawn of chess or ~ [gogras] See ~. cituro [goghdn], ~ [goghn] Skt adj killer of blackgammon. "bdnakdr surta goti pdrakrdm cows, cow slayer. 2 n guest, visitor. In ancient mar pasa kdr."- sdloh. times it was customary to slaughter a cow as iito [goth] See I and g)O vr. 2 act of sitting a mark of hospitality to serve a guest. cross-legged; squatting. Because of this, guests came to be called b [goQ] n hoeing, weeding. 2 hoer; labourer engaged for hoeing. "SOVdnu hOIgo labe gOQ Goghan. "3TmTfi't <$I1~J1UIIl err ~ err ~mrr crT 1l1'itlfi err lfl?T'it err qil ~ cpo"! *'11 Ri uf "!),q" rcn Ri ." pdsan."-s k'dbir. cinJ [goQ] Skt m n a savage tribe, like the -vd!?i!?th sIillrrtI d 4. bhils. 2 adjcorpulent, having protuberant belly. This means - 'When a brahman or Khatri comes visiting then for him a big ox or big aTiJC!T [goQ1)a], cIT~ [goQna] v hoe, dig. 2 penetrate, pierce. 3 instigate, provoke. male goat be cooked, which is a traditional practice to entertain the guests.' 4 cause pain, pester. See JPft. 5 weed the crop. <Itira' [gocdr] Skt adj which concerns senses; "kamu krodhu dur kdr~hu bdsole gOQd hu dhdrti bhai."-bdsJt ill 1. 'Desire noble deeds but sensory. 2 which walks on earth. 3 n substance abhor evil ones; make a spade of this and hoe of the senses. 4 meadow; a place where cows earth-like conscience.' graze. ~ [gocdrdm] Skt n hide ofa cow or an ox. cil<!" [g01)] See ~. 2 Skt bull. Vaishyas used to wear hides of cow or male iit3' [got] n dive, dip. 2 chaff, straw or fodder mashed with solution ofoil cake, ground grain goat when they entered Brahmcharya etc. "jEse gdU kdU got khdvaida hE."-JSBM. (celibacy). See ~ fRfi:I:3t, nr: 11. 2 measure 3 Skt subcaste, dynasty, lineage. of land equal to 150 yards in both length and breadth. See ~. There is, in a number of dld9()il')' [gotkunala], aI3i2(')'Ml [gotkunali] n a basin in which all members of a subcaste eat ho Iy books, reference to a cowhide 2100 hands together; a custom ofsharing food by the entire long and 21 00 hands wide. family from the same vessel, practised to ~ [gocra] adj subordinate, subservient. "tere assimilate the newly-wed bride into her kite kdm tudhE hi gocre."-var guj 2 ill 5. cihf-eo [gocaddn] n a type of sandalwood. groom's subcaste. "IS ko bhyo nd gotkunala." -GPS. Sushrut refers to numerous properties of this 19otdm] in Mahabharat, this word means sandalwood. iittr [goj] n earth born stuff. 2 milk, ghee got 'one who uses his light cit [go] to destroy darkness or ignorance tdm. ' from the cows. 3 according to Hindu religion, 2 an erudite ascetic also known as a branch ofSankar Hindus. 4 P ;/ individuality, Akashpad, born six hundred years before Jesus identity; official position. Christ. He formulated 532 rules oflaw. This is o1t.ro [gozdn] See ~. clitft [goji] mixture of wheat and barley grains. why this treatise is called Akashpad Darshan. 3 a very ancient ascetic, progenitor of the 2 mixed crop.

~ [gogIrdd] P

J)/ n sulphur, brimstone. citGr [gota]

-are

rn-

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Gautam dynasty. 4 Gautam; Shradvat born in Gautam dynasty whose tale figures in Ramayan. He was husband of Ahalaya and father of Satanand priest of Janak. Purans mention that his wife Ahalaya was an extremely beautifu I woman. Lord Indar was enamoured of her beauty. One day, he changed the moon into a cock and made him crow before the usual dawn time, due to which Gautam went to take a dip in the river earlier than usual. Taking advantage, Indar seduced Ahalaya. When Gautam came to know of this, he transformed his wife into a stone. He cursed Indar with the marks of a thousand vulvas on his body and the moon got inflicted with tuberculosis. In Valmik ch I a 47-48, there is a mention of the fact that Ahalaya actually loved Indar. Indar assumed the appearance of her husband Gautam and went to his house in his absence and made love to Ahalaya. When Indar was about to leave the house, Gautam met him. The ascetic said "O! evil man, may you become impotent!". At this utterance, the testicles of Indar fell away. The angels had kept a male goat for sacrifice in honour of Kavyavahan, a deity of their fore fathers. The angels broke offthe testicles ofthis male goat and implanted them on Indar, who was cured of his impotency. From that day onwards, it has been divinely ordained to sacrifice only a castrated male goat on religious occasions. After entering his hermitage, the learned ascetic cursed Ahalaya to turn invisible and stay inside and consume only air as food. He further said that she would remain in this state until the time Ram arrived. She would be released from the effect of the curse only when she touched the feet of Ram and she

would then reappear in her original real form. So, when Ram came to Gautam's hermitage, Ahalaya was able to assume her earlier form and meet Gautam. "gotamnan ahaiia tari." - mali namdev. See ~. 5 a mountain, which is close to Nasik, from where originates river Godavari. 6 See tIT3J..r. ~ [gotamnan] Ahalaya. See EH 4 and ~. 2 See fIH'rtlfu 8' AlHQaF('). iIT3Ht [gotmil See tIT3J..r 2. iIT3Ht fJ:l"w [gotmi sIla] a kind of stone which is worshipped by Hindus. People believe that it does not sink in water. Many say that Ram ChandaI' made a bridge of this stone to go to Lanka. ~ [gotailll1] See EH 4. iIt3r [gota] A ,;,j n dive, dip. ~ [gotacar] See at2.PBTO. 2 four castes; four kinds, meaning, many distinctions. "paras paras hot kanIk anek dhatu, kanIk se anIk na hot gotacar jiu."-BGK. 'Then from pure gold do not emerge new metals; i.e. in Sikh religion. different castes become one, but Sikhism does not discriminate in the name of castes.' 'iJt3t [goti] adj of the subcaste; from the same subcaste. iit'3ta' [gotit] adj away from the senses; not subjectto senses, unknowable or imperceptible. ~ [gotr] Skt n -at [go] (earth) ~ [tra] (protector): saviour of the earth, mountain. 2 children. progeny. 3 dynasty, lineage. 4 assemblage, social group, crowd. 5 name. 6 property, eminence. 7 forest, jungle. 8 road, path. iitq:l.f'1? [gotrapal] adj who adheres to the subcaste's norms. ~ [gotracar] n the name of a subcaste. 2 act of uttering the name of the subcaste. 3 rules of conduct of the subcaste; tradition of a subcaste. iit;: [god] Skt ~~ n lap. 2 Skt at;: adj who

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donates a cow. -at't!' [gad] n kneading. 2 plan, proposition. 3 gum. 4 See ~ 3. iifeo't [gadni] See ~. ~ [gadpur] See ~ oft CTl3W. ~ [godri], ~ [godri] quilt with long stiches. "kahu gari godri nahi."~asa k;}bir. ~ [godria] one covering himself with a ragged or patched blanket. 2 See onfW. 3 a disciple of Bhai Gaura, who was a devout follower of the Guru. He was an ideal Sikh who recited Japu twenty-one times everyday in the morning, and performed honest labour. When Guru Gobind Singh came to Damdama, he presented himself for service. When the tenth Guru came to Bhai ke Chakk, then he selflessly served the Guru and the religious congregation and earned blessings. ~ [gada] a Khatri who founded the town ofGoindwal with the help of Guru Amar Das. 2 a devout disciple of Guru Har Rai who was sent to Kabul to spread the Guru's gospel. In deep meditation, he was able to make the revered Guru stay still for a long time by holding his feet not physically, but through divine powers which ht: attained through prayer. Several Sikh writers have called him Guria. See 'lT~ 2. 3 See mtT. 4 a Jatt resident ofMulowal, who became a devoted disciple of the ninth Guru, and was appointed the headman of the village. 5 See
tT . W

~ [godavarI], ~ [godavri] a river in

south India which transmits a feeling of being in aT [go] (heaven). It rises from the Triambak on eastern ghats and, after flowing for 898 miles, falls into the Bay of Bengal. Abichal Nagar (Hajoor Sahib) is situated on the bank of this river. "g~ga jau godavarI jaiL" ram namdev. "sur suri sarasvati jailluna

godavri."-BGK. A wonderous story is recorded in Brahamvaivrat Puran, according to which a woman belonging to the Brahmin caste was waylaid by a lecher in a forest while she was on a pilgrimage from place to place. The lecherous person, a slave to his lust, seduced her against her wish. Immediately the woman expelled from her body the semen of the man who was not her husband, from which a very handsome male child was born. Together with her son, the woman went crying to her husband and narrated the entire story. The husband forsook his wife. Then the Brahmin woman set upon her meditative and yogic path. Her virtuous living trasformed her into river Godavari that started flowing over the earth. In Brahmand Uppuran it is recorded that sage Gautam wanting to bring a dead cow back to life, brought the flowing waters of Ganga from the matted hair of Shiv, from which rose Godavari river. Hence the second name of Godavari came to be Gautami. m [godi] See 01\:. iitt:ro [godhan] n wealth in the form of cattle; herd of cattle. "benu bajavE godhan carE." -mali namdev. 2 Goverdhan mountain. "racchan gOQhan ke hIt kan uthaylayo gIrI godhan jEse." -cac;U 1. ~ [godhya] n large lizard; a protective piece ofleather worn on the finger, made ofa lizard's hide; a piece of leather worn to protect the thumb, while one is shooting an arrow. "sanaddh baddh godhya."-ramav. See lITtrr 2. [godhar] wearer of a ray of light aT [go] beam-emitter, moon. 2 sun. 3 a mythical snake, who supports the earth. 4 bearer of water. cloud.

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a1t:rr [godha] Skt n a type of lizard, a wild

creature belonging to the lizard family. See

n1(jJ fM;a'c:. 2 a piece of leather tied to the left

hand or wrist to save oneselffrom injury which -may be caused by a bowstring. "b;:ldhe godhaguIItral) b;:lddha."-G=Jc;li 2. 'a soldier wearing this leather piece.' iinpf [godhum] Skt n wheat. 2 orange. 3 mist of the earth. dl'ij rM~M' [godhuIIvela] n time of sunset; dusk when after grazing, cows return home raising lot of dust with their hoofs. See iToWa'~. oro [gon], [gonI] See We:. "gIan gon bh;:lrc;lari."-keda kabir. 2 See tITm:?T V~. oTtr [gop] Skt n protector of cows, milkman, dairyman. 2 king, who nourishes the earth. 3 See oTtro. <ittf3T [gopta] adj king, protector. 2 saviour. "das;:ln ko gopta su nad ko uban: k;:lyo n;:l." -GPS. clttr;: [gopad] n cow's hoof. 2 mark of a cow's hoof on the earth. cinffi [gopan] Skt n protection. 2 hiding, making inaccessible. 3 censure, vilification. "jInI gur gopIa apl)a te n;:lr bunari:"--var sor m 4. "jo gur gope apl)a su bhala nahi:"-var gau 1 m 4.

arm

See~

vr.

~ [gopniy] adjworthy of being kept secret.

2 worthy of protection. ~ [gop-patI] adj lord of milkmen. 2 n Nand, in whose house Krishan was nurtured. ciTuw [gopla] used for~. SeeiW-rn 5. "nnpa goplaya khClro khet gajr."-VN. oTl.fT [gopa] short for lITtrdT [gopta], protector. 2 Skt adj who conceals. 3 who destroys. 4 n woman belonging to the community of milkmen; ahiran woman belonging to the community ofherdsmen. Slord Buddha's wife, also named Yashodhara. ~ [gopa$tami] eighth day of the light half

of Kattak, on which day, Krishan began grazing cows. Now, this is celebrated as a festival throughout India. On this day, Hindus garland cows and give them very good fodder to eat. ~ [gopal] n king, who nurtures the earth. 2 God, the Creator. "he gobfd he gopal."-mala m 5. "jaganath gopal mukhI bhal)i."-maru solhe m 5.3 milkman, herdsman. 4 an erudite teacher at Talwandi, under whose tutelage, Nanak was made to learn Sanskrit and mathematics by his father Kalu. "jalI moh ghasIffiasI kan."-sri m 1. This composition refers to this occasion. S a king of the hilly region of Guier, who fought against the tenth Guru. See ~. 6 P J~I ... mace; a weapon of war comprising a club with a big, knobbed head; a mace made of alloy. "h;:lmah kMjro guraj gopal nam." -hdkayat 10. ~ [gopalsfgh] See ~. ~ [gopIka] n milkmaid; woman belonging to the community of herdsmen. oTtft [gopi] n wife of a cowherd; milkmaid. "ghClria sClbhe gopia pahar kanh gopal."-var asa. 2 sense organs. "nac;'iti gopi jClna." -dhdna namdev. 3 a spiritually enlightened follower of Guru Amar Dev. 4 a Brahman belonging to the Bhardwaj subcaste, who became a disciple of Guru Arjan Dev and preached his gospel. ~ [gopia] See ~. ~ [gopicad] king of Rangpur in Bengal, who was son ofBharthari 's (Haribhartri) sister Menavati and husband of rani Patamdevi. He abdicated his kingdom because of his desire to become an ascetic; and he became a disciple of yogi lalandhar Nath. 2 a yogi who had discussion with Guru Nanak Dev. "bolE gopichad satI SClrup."-var ram 1 m 1. i1ttft;J-eo [gopicad;:ln] There is a lake called

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orm

Gopital, where, after the demise of Krishan, milkmaids died of painful separation. The mud of this lake is called Gopichandan. Vaishnavs use it as a mark on their foreheads. There is a mention in Padampuran in Uttarkhand chapters 30 and 68 of the great importance of Gopichandan. "kInhu tIlakgopicadanlaIa." -ram CJ m 5. [gopi nath], [gopipatI] n Krishan, lord ofthe milkmaids. 2 stimulator of senses. "gopinath sagal hE sathe. "-maru solhe m5. ~ Frfi:r [gopipatI sasI] In Guru Vilas of Guru Hargobind, the name of his father-in-law Krishan Chand, has figured in the form of this puzzle or limrick: "gopi patI (kn:;>an) saSI (cad). " -atYii [gopuchh] n cow's tail. 2 a species of monkey called Golangul, whose tail is like that of a cow. 3 a musical instrument of olden times. citO' [gopE] See ~. iitt.r.r [gopy] ad} worth hiding, hidden. 2 worth protecting. ~ [gophaD], -aTGi'l [gophan] Skt ~ and ~ a sling to hurl a small ball made ofmud. "gophaD guraj camkari."-ramav. iihra' [gobar] n cowdung. iJta"a"qo [gobardhan] See ~. dlaa'dIFl'l [gobraganI] n fire lit with cowdung cakes. cimfu [goban] due to cow dung, with cowdung. "goban taraDu na jai."-var asa. [gobri] ad} of cowdung, related to cowdung. 2 n earth mixed into cowdung, used for plastering mud walls. -atftre" [gobId], cltftj'e- [gobfd] SktffrWt! n Krishan, who was the benefactor of cows. 2 God, access to whom is attained through erudition. 3 nourisher of the earth, the Creator. 4 the

ort.ftora"

ortitl.rfu"

transcendent One, who is sought through the recitation of Gurbani. "manahu nC) bisrE gUDnIdhI gobIdraI."-bavCJn. "guDgaI gobfd an<Jdu upjE."--suhi chJt m 5. iitfiftmfur ~ [gobfdsfgh satIguru] the tenth Guru of Sikhs. He was born in the house of Guru Teg Bahadur, to Mata Gujri at Patna, on n rd of Poh on Saturday Sammat 1723 on 7th of the bright half of the lunar month (22 nd December 1666 AD). On the 12 th of Maghar Sammat 1732 (11 th November, 1675 AD), he ascended the sublime throne of Guru Nanak Dev at Anandpur. From the very beginning, the Guru was fond of scriptures and Vedic knowledge. In a short time, he completely mastered these texts. His court was always overflowing with learned persons. Poets from far-off lands presented themselves at his court and earned honour by getting bounteous accolades from him. His holy vow was that books ofall religions should be translated into Gurmukhi and Sikhs should be known the world over as a community formed by a congregation ofscholars. To make Anandpur the centre of knowledge and teaching, he sent Sikhs to far-off lands to acquire education from highly learned scholars. To rejuvenate the petrified people ofIndia, he bestowed upon them the elixir of life (amnt), and baptised the Sikhs on 15t Baisakh Sammat 1756 during the assembly at Kesgarh and called them Khalsa. Seeing injustice being perpetrated in the country and finding how people were inveigled into false beliefs, he began to spread the gospel ofGuru Nanak Dev with great enthusiasm, due to which the rajas ofthe hilly regions and other rulers ofthe time, without understanding his message, became his enemies. As a result, in slillf-defence he
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1093 had to fight many battles. In Sammat 1761, the Mughal army made false promises and got Anandpur vacated from him. As soon as the revered Guru came out of the fort, they attacked him, due to which he suffered heavy losses and many years of hardwork put in by the fifty-two poets, was reduced to ashes in a very short span of time by the enemies of knowledge just like the libraries of Egypt were destroyed in no time. Fighting against the royal army with great valour and forbearance, he reached the wilderness ofjungles after escaping from the enemy. With his divine power, he transformed the ghostly land into a godly habitation. The wilderness changed into a land ofjoy and began to be referred to as Malwa region of Punjab. He gave the message of peace and bravery to infinite number ofpeople and also taught them the supreme lesson of self-enlightenment and sacrifice. His four valiant sons, called Sahibzadas born of revered Mata Jito and Mata Sundri, namely Ajit Singh, Jujhar Singh, Joravar Singh and Fateh Singh, shed their blood to nurse the sapling of peace, sacrifice, religion and truth he had planted. They rejuvenated this wilting sapling offaith. On the 5th ofthe light half ofthe lunar month th (8 ofKattak) Sammat 1765 (7th October, 1708 AD), close to the city of Nader, near river Godavari the peerless Guru passed away, after annointing Panth and Granth Sahib as the future Guru of the Sikhs. He remained the spiritual apostle for 32 years, 10 months and 26 days and Iilved to the age of 41 years, 9 months and 15 days. In "The History of Guru's Khalsa", thus writes Sadhu Gobind Singh about him: "In this country called Bharat, there have been thousands of re Iigious preachers and lakhs of kings and emperors, but there was not even one who sacrificed everything including his own life for the sake of righteousness"... "If there was any supreme individual who delivered Hindu religion ofall its hurdles, and, who gave a new lease of life to the almost petrified sons ofthe Aryans, then it was only Guru Gobind Singh, the monarch, who was the creator of Sikh community and also its spiritual mentor i.e its righteous Guru. "It was because of his noble sermons that all the four Hindu castes began to interact with fraternal feelings. Due to his guidance and divine power, Sikh community is now regarded in matters of warfare, the foremost in the entire world. It was because ofhis heroism and valiant . courage that the demoralised sons ofAryans, can be visualised as the best and grandest beings in Aryavart i.e Bharat... "On this land ofBharat, numerous preachers oftruth and righteousness were born, and will be born in future too. But a preacher of truth and righteousness, a divine apostle like Guru Gobind Singh would not be born in this world again ... "A number of men, who were saviours of the world, were born and then died after serving the world. The only person who lived in all purity, righteousness and bounty was Guru Gobind Singh. As long as the wise Aryan people are alive, they will remember his indescribable beneficence with great reverence". "Blessed is the country, blessed is the land, blessed is the town, blessed is the home, blessed is the mother from whose womb was born an illustrious personage like Guru Gobind Singh, whose influence has spread far and

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wide."-Cl 47. dlfaeal~ [gobfdgarh] See~. 2 built in memory of Guru Gobind Singh, outside Amritsar city by Maharaja Rarijit Singh, the fort was completed in 1805-1809. See rfi;r3ffir. 3 a fort at Bhatinda. It was given this name by Karam Singh, the ruler ofPatiala, in memory ofGuru Gobind Singh. 4 To the north ofvillage Daudhar (district Ferozepur, tehsil and policestation Moga), at about half a mile, there is a gurdwara in memory both ofGuru Nanak Dev and Guru Hargobind. Here on October 1st, 1914, two thin pieces of brass metal were recovered from the earth. On one side of the first piece is written in Gurmukhi nanak tapa ilia rame and on the obverse is inscribed pehIli pab?ahi chemi ae. On the second gold coin the word nanak is inscribed. With love and devotion, the congregation has made this gurdwara famous. An Akali Singh, belonging to the village, serves here as priest. About five kanals of land belongs to the gurdwara. From about four miles west ofrailway station Ajitwal, there is an unmetalled road leading to the gurdwara. 5 a village after the name of which a trading township, Gobindgarh has been established in the princely state of Nabha, district, tehsil and police station Amloh. Guru Hargobind graced this village. Earlier there was just a structure here but after Sammat 1979, a concrete gurdwara has come up. It is only one furlong to the east of railway station Gobindgarh. On the festival of Hoia, a fair is held. 6 See ~. dlfaeafld l [gobfdgita] See fqH(')MtM. citfifuurtc [gobfdghat] a gurdwara at Pushkar pilgrimage centre, dedicated to Guru Gobind Singh. By its side, there is a sort of bathing place on the river bank where the revered Guru

rn

stayed for sometime. iltfifeyor [gobfdpura] a village in the princely state ofPatiala in district Barnala, tehsil Mansa under police station Boha. On the northern side close to the habitation, there is a gurdwara dedicated to Guru Teg Bahadur and Guru Gobind Singh. The ninth Guru, stayed here for one night. The tenth Guru set foot here on his return journey from Kudhal, Sirsa, where he had brought Gulab Singh, a goldsmith by caste, out of his underground cell. Separate Manji Sahib structures in memory of both the Gurus have been built. Now there are plans afoot to construct a big gurdwara here. There is an unpaved path about one and a half miles to the south of railway station Datebas. ~ [gobfdpuri] n paradise. "gobfdval gobfdpuri sam."- sClvEye m 4 ke. 2 a congregation. dlFaeiiSa [gobfdlok] n revered sadhus; devotees of the Creator. "gobfdlok nahi janamahI marahI."-gdU m 5. dl faei@l(iS [gobfdval] See al fee'i!!'M and~. ~ [gobIdu] adjknower ofsenses, stimulator of senses. 2 knower of the world. 3 one who possesses the faculty of knowing other's thoughts. "gobfdu gavahI sahajI subhae."majh Clm 3.4 <IT [go]=Ved, ~ [vIdu]=knower; knower ofVeds; one well versed in Veds. See 0JTfu 3. [gobas] n pedigree ofcows; lineage ofcows. cii9 [gobh] n sprout; a sapling which sprouts from the womb of the earth after piercing it; cauliflower; cabbage. [gobhi] n a type of vegetable which is generally cooked. Jl normaHy grows in the winter season. Several varieties of this

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vegetable are there: Brassica (Caulorapa) cauliflower (Brassica botrytis) cabbage (oleracea or capitata) 2 See ~. "j:cm g~bhi turan hvE' utpat."-GPS. aTH [gom] short for gomukh and gomudri. "dhara gom gajje."-cJQi 2. litJ..St [gomti] a river which riises from a lake in Shahjahanpur in district Pilibhit, Uttar Pradesh. After covering a distance offive hundred miles across Kheri, Lucknow, Jaunpur, etc, it merges into the Ganges at Saidpur, district Gajipur. It is also called Vashishthi. There are a number of other rivers 1 having this name. "haj hamari gomti tir."-asa k;:,bir. "gomti sahas gau dan kijr."-ram namdev. 2 a deity which resides in Gomant mountains. iJh.fur [gomay] Skt n cowdung. 'iitJ..rfu [gomaI] jackal. See cfu.frTtr. aTWR" [gomas] n cowmeat; beef. See ;3TUlO. 2 According to 'Hathyog Pradeepika' iJt [go] means tongue and to turn it around after specific training so that the larynx is closed, is called gomas. iJn.Irl;r [gomay], <ffi..rrq [gomayu] Skt one who utters foul language; jackal. 2 In Dasam Granth, ;3T}-fTl;f [gomay] has been used for gomudri. See cIh.:R9". ~ [gomukh] Skt n war horn, clarion. ""J~ ~ itmf: q Olc1l0lCfi ~:-m;:,habhardt, drol) p;:,r;:,v, ;:, 82. 2 a conchshell, with its mouth shaped like that of a cow. 3 having a base mind; sweet of tongue; a tight-lipped person. ~ [gomukhi] n cave like a cow's mouth from which Ganga is believed to rise. 2 a type of pouch ofthe size ofa cow's mouth, to count the beads by putting one's hand in which, is thought a pious act. 3 See clhJcr 2. iID:f;tt [gomudri] Skt n a typ~ of tabor. ~ [gomutrakar] n resembling the urine
I

Another river with this name is near Dwaravati.

of a moving ox which leaves a wet trace of curve like the movement of a snake on the earth. "pun gomutrakar phIrate."-GPS. 2 a type of mathematics or calculation. ciiire [gomed], ~ [gomedak] Skt n a jewel which is counted as one of the nine precious stones. 2 island. 'iiliftr [gomedh] n a ritual in which a cow is sacrificed. It is also called gosav. In Katyayan Shrot Sutar is described the method of performing this ritual. Many authors ofSimritis have forbidden the performance of this ritual in Kalyug. See ~~. litH [gomE] n cowdung. "gomE se lepan chItI karkE." -NP. -atfi:rar [gomng] n blue bull. 'iiTurar.r [goyagy] n In Yajurved, there is a detailed description for performing this fire ritual. See ~ and cJj-j{q. iitGrH [goyam] in Dasam Granth, this word has been used for gomukh. "sakh goyam gajjia." -cJQi2. 2 The learned ones interpret this word as a war horn or clarion. 3 P (-.1 I am saying. cltw [goya] P b/ adjwho narrates. 2 adv know, to know. 3 n pen name or pseudonym of Bhai Nand Lal. "harfe GET az hak na yaId hecgah, barlabe goya."-divangoya. -are [gor] P .J n jungle; forest. 2 grave. "jaka basa gar mahI."-s k;:,bir. 3 A .J territory between Gazni and Harat, named Ulo [ghor] in Sanskrit scriptures. "gor gardeji gun gavE." -;:,kal. 4 an important town of the region, situated 120 miles to the south-east of Harat. See -atm. 5 a subcaste of Jatts found in large numbers in Multan district. <ihm [goras] n cow's benificence; milk and butter. 2 enjoyment by sense organs; joy of sexual intercourse. cilaRd l () [gorastan] n graveyard. ~ [gorakh] or iJt~ [gorakhu] n protector

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exploded like the rain of hail stones.' 3 geography; earth. "gora adI ucaran kijE." -SClnanla. ci'i1Jt [gori] n bullet, small bullet. "chutE bal} gori."-VN. 2 Gauri, Durga, Parvati. 3 adjfaircomplexioned woman i.e. beautiful woman, wife. "gori seti tutE bhatar."-var majh m 1. "chEl1aghade pan gori manu dhina."-asa fClrid. Here chEl means one who has attained the highest state of spiritual knowledge and ~ [goril means its seeker. 4 white. "pani mEla mati gori. IS mati ki putri jori"-gClu kClbir. 'Mother's blood is tainted and father's semen is white.' 5 inhabitant ofGor. See ~&:atm and ~ 4. 6 cow oflight-brown colour. ~ [gom] n herd of cows; drove. "ham gom turn guar gusai. "-asa kClbir. 2 Dg measure of two kohs; half a yojan. ~ [gorocan] Skt n substance found in the gall bladder ofa cow which is yellow in colour and good to smell. In Hindu mythology it is regarded very sacred and is used to mark a tI1ak on the forehead. It is considered one among the eight odours; and also used in several medicines. L Bezoar With the help of bo1E."-SIdhgoSCltI . ~m [gorakhpathi] an ascetic; follower of alchemy, it is made artificially as well. [gorag] a town in Khurasan. Gorakh's way of life; one who holds to ilth [gorac.ll Gurand, Gorind and Gorand are Gorakh's faith. names of a race referred to in Bhavishyat ~ [gorakhmata] See ~. Puran, which will rule in kalyug, the evil era. ~ [gorxar] P j.f n an animal resembling a Colonel Todd understands it to mean the white donkey, smaller than a horse in size and race, resident of Gor, whose most prominent commonly found in western India and central ruler has been Sahabudin Mohammad Gori. Asia; zebra. oT\jl::fT [gorkha] n a subdivision of Nepal. Some Sikhs think that it means the whole community of the Guru's devotees who are 2 inhabitant ofGorakhaland. likely to accede to Guru Nanak Dev's seat. ~ [gorakhu] See tlRn:r. Many have imagined the Europeans as ~ [gora1] See ~. 'iiRJT [gora] adj fair complexioned. 2 n cannon Gurand. ball. "gore gori barkha barkh-hf."-GPS. "kI iltl? [gol] Skt adj circular in shape; cyclic; of the shape of a ball. 2 n a band of the circular chuttet gora. kI bunhet ora"-kCllki. 'Bombs

of the earth, the Creator. "gorakh so jInI gOI uthali. "-ram m 2. 2 protector of sense organs; soul. "upan gaganu gagan pan gorakhu, taka agamu guru punI vasi."-maru m 1. 'The soul that resides atop the ultimate stage of the body and one living above the soul is its true mentor (the Transcendent One), who is innaccessible.' 3 Vishnu, the nurturer of the world. "guru isaru guru gorakhubarma."--)Clpu. 'Guru subsumes Shiv, Vishnu and Brahma.' 4 Gorakh Nath, teacher of yogis, who was born in Gorakhpur city. Many have written about Gorakh Nath as a disciple and son ofMacchandel' Nath. Gorakh Nath is counted as one of the nine Naths who had their ears pierced. Their sect started with this holyman. "jogi gorakh gorakh kana." -gClum 4. "pun han gorakh ko upraja."-VN. 5 one who keeps cows, cowherd. ~\j [gorakhpur] a city in UP which is the headquarters of district Gorakhpur. 2 Several other cities and villages have this very name. ~ [gorakhput] n disciple ofGorakh Nath, disciple son of Gorakh. "gorakhput 1uharipa

mrar

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1097 railway station Jagadhari to the north-east. army. "gol camu ko sag lE."-GPS. P Jj. 3 short for [golla]; slave, bonded slave. -atl'5" ~ [gol biabani] desert around which there is no water and greenery. 2 waste land "kar dino jagatu sabhu gol amoli."--g;m m 4. of Siberia; absolute wilderness. 3 mirage to 'made a slave without paying any price.' "satgur ke gol gole."-var sor m 4. 'slave of be seen in deserts that kills travellers in their vehement effort to reach it. "gol biabani me slaves, deeply humble'. 4 Dg bath. sabh hi ko mar he."-carrtr 217. ~ [golak] Skt n round object, circular object. 2 earthen mortar. 3 son of a paramour born -atw [gola] n circular body. 2 cannonball. "gola gIan calaIa."-bher kabir. 3 servant, slave. "ill from a widow's womb. 4 openings where saca sahIb das tera gola."-majh am 5. See sense organs like eyes, ears, etc are lodged. Q)"WH. 4 weavers of Peshawar. 5 sons of the 5 P ...il and ...ij money box. "guru ka SIkkh garib ki rasna ko guru ki golak ja:r:le."~rahIt royal maidservants. bhai dayasfgh. "golak rakhe nahI jo chal ka ~ [gola-aly], oT~3fo [golaketamJ, kan:: vapar." -tanama. oTrs-~ [goladhar:r:ti], oT~ [golalay], ~ ~ [golak rakkh:r:ta] v put tithe money ~ [golalIali] hole for taking in the in a box for the Creator and the Guru. See cannonball; cannon, rifle.-sanama. See~. ~5. [goli] n small shell; bullet; something round ~~ [golkuQa], ~ [golkaQa] Skt an old in shape. 2 tablet. 3 maid servant; purchased fort five miles to the west of Hydembad slave girl, female slave. Deccan and a city which is the birth place of iiJ1;ft tft wa- [goli di mar] musket shot. When Madhvacharya, author of holy scriptures like front loading gun was first made, its killing Saravdarshan Sarsangrah etc. Muslims had range was two hundred yards. So this killing named this place as Mohammadnagar. It was range came to be known as musket shot. As the capital of the royal Kutab dynasty from the killing range ofthe gun kept on spreading, 1518 to 1687 AD.! In 1687 AD Aurangzeb the musket shot also went on increasing annexed and made it a part of the Mughal accordingly. empire. Now it is a major city ofthe Nizam of ~ [goler] See ~1Q and ~. Hyderabad Deccan. "hane bir bijapuri ~ [golok] n per Barahmvaivarat Puran, golkaQi."-kalki. shining universe above the heaven; its iJt1?yw [golpura] There is a famous village expanse is fifty crore yojans. Krishan, Radha called Bilaspur in tehsil and police station and the milkmaids live in it. There are Jagadhari in Ambala district. Approximately bejewelled golden palaces at the bank ofVirja one and half miles from this village to the north river, and the people who worship Radha and west near Golpura garden, is the place where Krishan are the only one who deserve to live Guru Gobind Singh stayed. The Guru had come here. from Kapalmochan for a walk. Only a structure ~ [goladaz] P ),-"wl , n gunner, who fires is built, and there is no sevadar. There: is an the cannonball. unmetalled road about nine miles long from the iit"w [golla] See Q)"WH. IUpon the break-up of Bahmni Empire, three kingdoms m- [govan] v utterance; recitation ofGurbani. came into being: Ahamadnagar. Bijapur, and Golkunda. "mukh govahI gIan."-asa m 5.

-arw

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~ [govardhan] Skt ~";f n a mountain

protecting cows, situated in district Mathura of UP, eighteen miles from Vrindavan. Krishan used to graze cows on it. When Indar found that the cowherds had stopped his worship, in anger he wanted to submerge Vrij in heavy downpour of rain. Krishan protected gops (cowherds) and cows by lifting up Govardhan mountain like an umbrella. "gurmatI krIs;m govardhan dhare."-maru solhe m 1. Upon Goverdhan, there is a famous temple of Krishan, named Haridev. 2 a mountain of district Nasak in the Bombay Presidency. Ji~aQ(,)QIa1 [govrdhandhari] adj lifter of Govardhan mountain. 2 n Krishan. See~. ~ [govlia] cowherd, nourisher. See "bap govlia balI jasau."-bJno. ~ [goVId] See~. "goVId nam majitha." -suhi chJt m 5. aTRt!' [govfd] See aTrnt;. "govfd govfd bakhaniE."-asa m 5.2 Krishan. "akhahI gopi tE govfd."-japu. 3 a disciple of Guru Arjan from the Ghei subcaste. JiF<iefHur ~ [govfdsfgh satIguru] See

an-rn.

dlraefAouf}l~.

aTNt:!T [govfda] vocative: "he govld!" 2 a

disciple of Guru Amar Das. i1t~ [goVIdu], arN~ [govfdu] See "govIdu gUl).inIdhan hE."-sri m 3. "guru govfdu, gov:rdu guru hE."--asa chJt m 4. aT;p [gorha] n a heap of carded cotton from which rolls are made. -at [gJ] Skt n cow. 2 mobile object. ~ [gS] See~. [gJs] A .,;;.,i n whom supplication is made. 2 a special rank of Muslim holy men. "bIraje kate ag bastro1apete. jume ke mana raj me gJs lete."-cClntr 405. Many Muslims earnestly believe that through deep meditation Gaus holy

arret;.

am

men disperse their body parts. ~ [psia] adj related to Gaus. 2 disciple of Gaus. See cJn:r. atu [gJh] See d'ISf. b [gJhar] See ~. 2 Skt cowherd. 3 stealer of cows. ~ [gJhati] See ~. cihw [gJga] A rwi n multitude, mob. 2 noise, uproar. 3 rumour, canard. cii&r" [gJCha] See ~. h [gJc;l] n a heptatonic rag, which uses seven notes. $araj, rI$abh, maddham, pacam and nI$ad are pure notes, while gadhar and dhEvat are flat notes; gadhar is home note; pacam is vadi (primary note), and maddham is samvadi (secondary note). The time of singing is midday. sargam - $a ra rna rna pa dha $a dha na pa rna ga rna ra $a. In Guru Granth Sahib, Rag Gaud is at number seventeen. 2 a caste in middle India (CP).3 See il'i;r. 4 any thing made fromjaggery. cJt'i1 [gSc;l] See h I. h [gJl).] See ~. 2 Skt adj general, common, which is not primary. 3 assistant. 4 whose meaning is grasped through secondary characteristics. [gJl).i] n figurative sense; attributing the quality of one object to another. "satIguru bavan cadno vas suvas karE lakhil).a."-BG. cihrn" [gJtam] one who belongs to Gautam's dynasty; one who is related to Gautam. 2 Mahatma Budh, whose mother Mayadevi expired seven days after she gave birth to him. So his step mother, Gotmi, brought him up. That is the reason why he was called Gautam. 2 See ""tT. 3 See oT3H 4. -aT-3Ht [gJtmi] Skt adj (a woman) of Gautam subcaste; born in Gautam's dynasty. 2 n wife of sage Gautam, Ahalaya. 3 wife of

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leaf. 6 an eight year old girl. 7 Gauri Ragini. Kripacharaya. 4 Godavari river, which 8 adjfair-complexioned woman. emerges from Gautam mountain, or was lIhfur [gJris] See ~. ' brought down by Gautam. See <Jre1;sBT. ~ [g::m] See ~ and ~. 2 E gown, long ~ [gJrisut] See dl~<j183. JialFiid'llll' [gJritntiya] See 3tRf. loose shirt. iJior [gJna] n second arrival; second ceremonial cit'ld17r"a' [gJrinath], [gJripatI] Shiv; husband of Gauri (Parvati). 2 god Varun visit of the bride to the house of her in-laws whose wife is called Gauri. 3 raja, the lord of after marriage. iffir [gJr] Skt adj fair, white. 2 yellowish. Gauri (the earth). 3 reddish. 4 n gold. 5 saffron. 6 moon. 7 strike. ~:I [gJriputr] n Ganesh; son of Parvati. 8A./} looking, thinking, considering. 9 thought, 2 Swami Kartikay. 3 See dl~<j183. reflection. 'iJhfar [gJrag] See B-3"?iJf. aTQ3T [gJrta] n guruship; gravity. 2 fair :atM- [CJl] See WM" 5. complexion. cit;r [gJr] Skt ~ n territory in-between eastern aTQil [gJrav] Skt n sobriety. 2 importance, Bengal and Orissa. 2 inhabitant of Gaur land. greatness. 3 respect, prestige. 4 adj of the 3 a well known subcaste of Brahmins. 4 a apostle. subcaste of Rajputs. 5 adj a substance made aTQil3T [gJravta], aT~~ [gJravtai] Skt n from raw sugar [gur]. greatness, elderliness. 2 sobriety, guruship. cit;ft [gJri] See ~. 2 Skt Ti'ttI n wine prepared "VIsmIt pIkh guru gJravtai."-GPS. from raw sugar. 3 according to Indian poetics, iIiar [gJra] adj sober, grave. See or~-. 2 Skt n a type of writing which is majestic or which fair-complexioned woman. 3 Parvati. uses retroflex plosives. 1 Poets from Gaur land 4 turmeric. 5 Bhai Gaura, descended from lend their name to this type of writing. Bhagtu dynasty, was a known disciple of Guru ofW [gau] n act of going; motion. "vahII:t tIdau Har Rai. On being ridiculed by Jassa who held gau kare."-s farid. 2 See ~:. the whisk over the Guru's head, he killed him. afar [gag] n river Ganga (river). "gag banarasI sIphatI tumari."-asa ill 1. See ofcw. 2 river, The Guru expelled him from the congregation but by serving the Guru, he got himself which flows perpetually. "gag tarag at ko pardoned. 6 cow's gall bladder. "mngmad gJra pavE."-SavEye ill 3 ke. 3 a poet, who was coa cadan."-BGK. See~. resident of Iknaur (district Itava) in UP. He cit-ataT [gJrag] whose limbs are white, Shiv; was born in 1538 AD. He was a prominent Mahadev. 2 See ~. poet ofHindi and had friendly ties with Veerbal JiaiSIM [gJrabadal] an ironsmith of the king and Khankhana etc. KingAkbar also held him in high esteem. His full name was Ganga ofChataur. See ~ 299. [gJrI] See -ahft. Prasad but he wrote poetry only under the citfait [gJrISJ] n husband of Gauri, (Parvati) name of Gang; a Bhatt (ministrel); admirer of Shiv; Girijapati. "ES gJrisJ gah gagan sar the Guru. laykE."-cantr 142. CJi'oret [gagai] Ganguship. See ~. aT~ [gJri] Skt n Parvati, Girija. 2 earth. '''VIk;Jt bhat katak npu thatak t;Jll tajat jab gajat gursfgh 3 turmeric. 4 wife of Varun. 5 bas iii tree or its bhal bajat eJ5ka."-sIkkhiprabhakar.

-aro'h-rfo

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oi'aTJra' [g;'lgsar] a big wide well got dug by Guru

Arjan Dev in 1656 Sammat in Kartarpur. 2 a pond close to the gurdwara at Jaito (Nabha state). See Ft3". oTarfi:ft:r [g;'lgsfdh] Bhai Sukha Singh has written about g;'lgasagar (vessels with spouts) in g;'lgsfdh in the manner of a puzzle. "g;'lgsfdh apne kar dharat."-GV 10. of'arcG" [g;'lgkat] See ftfq. afar tIl-IO [g;'lg jaman] Ganga and Yamuna. "g;'lg jaman jau uIti bah."-bher namdev. 2 See ofaTr Rtf?i'". aT'arr:ra' [g;'lgdhar] Shiv who holds Ganga over his head. 2 ocean into which Ganga merges. ofarqro [g;'lgdhan] n wearing of Ganga. "mahes g;'lgdhan ko."-dkal. af"arQTa' [g;'lgdhar] n a stream of the river Ganga. 2 Shiv, the wearer of Ganga. 3 Himalaya. 4 a city in Jhalavar of Rajputana state. "g;'lga kEsi g;'lgdhar."-dkal. 5 See ~ 3. afcnfo [g;'lg;mI], oforo't [g;'lgni] n earth which bears river Ganga.-sdnama. dldl!c(')l [g;'lgbhetni] n river Saraswati which merges into river Ganga.-sdnama. ofaTr [g;'lga] Skt m;rr n India's famous river, regarded most sacred in Hindu religion. It emerges from Gomukh spring situated in the higher regions, 180 miles from Haridwar, 13,800 feet above sea-level. After flowing for 1,550 miles through many regions, it merges with the ocean at a place called Ganga Sagar. "jan ke caran tirath kotI g;'lga."-b I la m 5. In Purans there are many anecdotes about Ganga. At one place, Ganga is referred to as water used for washing the feet of god Vaman. It is said that when Vaman's feet reached Brahmlok then Brahma, after washing . Vaman's feet, put the water into a container with a top handle and upon Bhagirath's prayer released it from Brahmlok, which, after falling

in Shiv's matted hair, flowed on the earth. There is a mention in Ramayan by Valmik that in the house ofHimyalaya mountain were born sisters Ganga and Vma from the womb of Menaka who herself was the daughter of Sumeru. Once Shiv put his semen into Ganga who could not conceive, but failing to conceive, she got into Brahma's water pot. Then upon a prayer of Bhagirath, she came out of the water pot and appeared on the earth. There is mention that Ganga is also the wife of king Shantanu. Bhisham was born from her womb and that is why he is called Gangey. See ti<'iQ83i. While salvaging the people, Guru Nanak Dev reached Ganga (Haridwar). Here he negated the mythical ritual of offering water to the sun and the ancestors, thereby confirming the veracity of truth. At Satighat there is also a place named after Guru Amar Dev. 2 See ofaTr }-f'3T. 3 a member of Sehgal subcaste who became a devotee of Guru Arjan Dev. He was employed in the army of the ruler of Delhi. Then he joined the army of Guru Hargobind and served the country. 4 per yogic faith, it (Ira) is the left of the three vessels running from the loins to the head. "ulti g;'lga jamun mIIavau."-gdu kdbir. 'Jamuna is pfgIa (right of the three vesse Is). 'I ~ [g;'lga-es] king Shantanu, husband of Ganga. 2 ocean, the lord of Ganga.-sdnama. ~ m ~ [g;'lga-es is sastra] lord of river Ganga-the ocean, his lord Varun, Varun's weapon, the noose.-Sdnama. 'dfarrR3" [g;'lgasat] g;'lga (flow) and ~at (hundred), hundred currents; Satluj river. "tare nadi g;'lgasat raj."-GV 10. dldPHlald [g;'lgasagar] a place where sage Kapil I~ --1ll'ICft Tf6l1! fir&IJ.m 'll.f1T "'1<ft-hathyog pradipIka.

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reduced the sons of Sagar to ashes and where river Ganges merges into the ocean. "gagasagdr bel)i sagdmu.''-maru solhe m 1. 2 water pot with a spout. ~ [gagasut] Bhishampitama. See ~ [gagajdmni] adj an object with colour similar to that of Ganga and Yamuna. 2 combined work oJ gold and silver. 3 mixed pulse of ma;; and grams. ~ [gagajdmuna] according to yog, left and right vessels running from the loins to the head. See a\'orr 4. ~ [gagajal] n water of river Ganga. "gagajdl guru gobfd nam."-bher m 5.2 adjunpolluted, pure. "so gIrhi gaga ka nir." -var ram 1 m 1. The water of river Ganga that flows from the Himalayas is so pure that It remains clean for very long time. A pure object is defined in terms of the water of river Ganga. Bernier writes that the Mughal emperors used to drink the water of river Ganga because of its purity and for this purpose a herd of camels was reserved for transporting this water. Even Aurangzeb, an orthodox Muslim, drank Ganga water. aforrt:rl;ft [gagajdli] n a vessel in which Ganga water is preserved. 2 a cloth knitted in a wavy pattern. ~ [gagata] pilgrimage to Ganga.. 2 a group of pilgrims going to Ganga. "mll~lI muc;l.aIE je guru paiE, hdm guru kini gagata."-gau m 1. Hindu pilgrims perform the ceremony of tonsure here. ~l [gagadri] n from where river Ganga emerges, Himalayas. 2 inhabitants of Himalayas. "g;}gadri jdmunadri hdthe." -carItr 52. ofoTrtre" [gagadhdr] See ~. 2 See ~ 'eT ~ 22. 3 a river that flows in the Gopalpara district of eastern Bengal.

ow.

[gaganir] See ofaTri::R;s". afcryg: [gagaputdr] See~. 2 Brahmins of Haridwar Kankhal. ofOfT yg: l)f'fu ~3fu [gaga putdr drI sutdrI] Ganga's son Bhisham; his enemy Arjun; his charioteer, Krishan; his enemy, the arrow. ofarrwa'r [gagamata] daughter ofKishan Chand Khatri and Dhanvanti, (inhabitants of Mau) who was married to Guru Arjan Devon 23 th Harh Sammat 1636. She gave birth to the valiant Guru Hargobind and breathed her last on lyh Harh Sammat 1685 at Bakala. A shrine was raised at her cremation site. See ~. ~ [gagaram] a Brahmin of Bhatinda city who was a follower ofthe fifth Sikh Guru. He gave lots of food grains when Harimandir was being built. Bhai Mool Chand (son of Sidhi Chand Khatri) whose famous shrines are in Sunam and Sangrur, was a disciple of this holyman. 2 son ofBibi Viro who showed great valour in the battle of Bhangani. "hdthyO mahri cadya gagrama."--VN. 3 a parrot is also called Gangaram, for mimicking this word. dfdl'Mfmft [gagaldhni] See l.RJ-f'aO 2. ~ [gagIar] a believer in Gangushah. See ~. "rdste me mIlyo khdfdksfgh gagIar."

-PPP.

'aYw [gagu] spiritually awakened disciple ofGuru

Angad Dev. 2 a barber who was a devoted disciple ofGuru Arjan and spent his whole time serving the Guru. 3 a resident ofKheri village, he was a deceitful servant of Guru Gobind Singh. In Sammat 1761 when the Guru departed from Anandpuf,he reached his village with Mata Gujri and the two younger sons of the Guru at night. He stole all the wealth of Mata Gujri and in the morning called the policeman to arrest his benefactors i.e. Mata Gujri and her grandsons. After arresting them, they were taken to Sirhind where they attained

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others with disrespect. "golgajdkh bakhaniE." -gyan. 'one who scorns a gang of enemies.' aft::rc!r [g;'}jDa], ol't17i [g;'}jdn], al'tJor [g;'}jna] v show ~.4See~. disrespect; scorn, insult. "gdrabg;'}jan sarab~ [g;'}gu~ah], ~ [g;'}gu~ahi] A resident bh;'}jdn." -japu. of Garhshankar, Gangudas Basi Khatri was a afi:lw [gajpha] P ..;f or / a game of 96 disciple ofGuru Amar Dev. The Guru sent him circular cards having eight suits with twelve to Sirmour area for religious preaching and cards in each suit. The players of this game bestowed upon him a m5ji (a religious seat of have composed a cJpai. authority), located in Daun ofAmbala district. "taj sdfed ~am~er gulam, His great grandson Jawahar Singh was also a jyo bahute tyo aVE kam. surakh barat kdmace c;'}d, deeply spiritual man whose shrine is in village Khatkarh Kalan (district Jalandhar). The jyo thore tyo mace jag." followers of Jawahar Singh call themselves CJi'i:mfl:r [gajbaxa~], ~ [g;'}jbax~ie] a faqir (mendicant), who was a follower of Guru gagu~ahi. ofmft [gageri] Skt ~ n waterfly; insect Amar Das. He was a religious preacher and like a spider which flies very fast over water his followers call themselves as 'gajbdx~ie'. afw [gaja] adj bald. See aTFf. 2 Skt n wine that does not touch it. "jdla jyo gageri."-VN. ~ [g;'}gev], ~ [g;'}gevpItamdh] Skt shop. ~,Bhisham, son of Ganga and grandfather aTe [gath] Skt offEr. n a knotted pack, tied in a piece of cloth. 2 joint. of Kauravs and Pandavs. See D. "soi nam aloOldd l [g;'}thkatra] See dlo0(3d l . SImdrI g;'}gevpItamdh."-sdvEye m 3 ke. ~ [g;'}gotri], ~ [g;'}gotri] Skt 11:S~JIICI<m: a aToo [gathan] v tie into a knot, roll into a bale, place in Garhwal from where river Ganga J01l1. flows down. People keep water of this place cri'"oaT [g;'}thri] n bale, knot, gland. "kIsu pahI kholau gathri?"-suhi chat m 1. "je gUD hovahI in bottles and sell it in far offareas. This place is 10,319 feet high and is situated at a distance gathriE."-suhi m 1. [g;'}thI], offit [g;'}thi] n knot, joint. "tutE gathI of eight miles downward from Gomukh. aTaleq [g;'}goddk] n water of river Ganga. pdrE vicaru."-oJkar. 2 adv by knotting, by tying together. "10k gathI gathI khara bIguca." 2 See ~ t:r ~ 22. aT'iitt [gagovE] gag-hoVE, becomes Ganga. -sor rdvrdas. 3 n bale. 4 knot. "nandk sdhsE gathI."-var gdu2 m 5. "tU gathi meru SIrI til "mIlI gag gagovE."-BG. aT'H [g;'}j] n baldness, bald head. ,2 .Skt 1T0l.,\if hE."-majh m 5. disobedience, disrespect. 3 mine, mineral h [gac;l] Skt Tf1J6 n cheek. 2 space between the ear and the neck. "dan gdjgac;l mahI sobhat deposits. 4 room for the safe keep of vessels. dpar hE."-NP. 3 circle. 4 a circular space in a 5 shop, store. 6 section of a market, walled hand-operated millstone where flour remains market. 7 wineshop. 8 cattle pen. 9 P pile, stuck up. 5 rhinoceros. 6 ulcer. 7 knot. heap. 10 treasure. 11 temple raised in memory 8 circular wooden frame over which the wall ofholymen; for example, Shahidganj.

martyrdom. In Sammat 1767, Banda Bahadur destroyed Kheri village after killing Gangu and his family members. The new habitation at the place is now known as Saheri. See ~ and

CJi'i:tq [g;'}jdk],

oTi=rcr [g;'}jdkh] adj one who treats

t'

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of a well is built. 9 a big circular platter-like vessel of clay, lime or wood in whichjaggery and brown sugar are made by pouring thickened warm juice of sugarcane; discus. cmrcr [gaQakl Skt n sabre, sword. 2 See ~. 3 rhinoceros. 4 adjidiotic. CJi1rcrr [gaQkal Skt ~ or ~ a river which emerges from Sapatgandaki mountain situated in Nepal and merges into river Ganga near Patna. Black stones are found in this river which are known as ~aIIgram. The Vaishnavs worship these stones as images of Vishnu. "pUjE ham tumE, nahf pUjE sutgaQka." ~krIsan. There is a story in Varah Puran that Gandaki pleased Vishnu by performing rigorous meditation for ten thousand years and obtained a boon that Vishnu would take birth from her womb as her son. Vishnu replied that he would be born in the form of a !black stone from her womb. There is also another story that sweat dripped from the two ear lobes of Vishnu in two colours; black and white; river Krishna emerged as the white; and from the black flowed river Gandaki. 2 female rhinoceros, female rhinoceros. alillOliljd [gaQkasut] black stone; son ofGandka river. See Jj3dl~0l' and ornor-. t!T [gaQ da theh] an old mound formed by ruins near village Bhagta in Malwa, where Guru Gobind Singh liberated a partridge. "theh gaQ ko nam kahavE."-GPS. 'di1rcft [gaQki] See ornor-. alillcilfAl'5' [gaQkisIlal black stone from river Gandaki; black stone. "lalIt vIlocan dal utpal se. tare ~yam gaQkisIl se."-NP. 'Black streaks of eyes are like black stones.' See fi~. ~ [gaQmala] See ~. 'di1P [gaQal Skt ~ n group of four cowries.

2 mark, sign. 3 obstacle, hurdle.

<Ji'arRr [gaQasa] n chopper for cutting fodder.

~ [gaQua] a village under police station

ora au

Sunam, in tehsil, district and administrative headquarters of Patiala. About two furlongs to the north-east of this village, there is a gurdwara in memory of Guru Teg Bahadur, with only a platform built there. The gurdwara has one hundred and fifty bighas ofland from the Patiala state. To the west nearly four miles from the railway station ofChhajali is a paved path leading to it. ~ [gaQeri] n small part of peeled sugarcane for sucking itsjuice. iITv [gaQhl n connection, intimacy, relation. 2 knot, knar. 3 friendship "manr nahi pritr mukhahu gaQh lavat."-sukhmani. See oTw. ~ [gaQh))al, ~ [gaQha))ul, ~ [g~Qhna] v join, knot, splice, cobble. "gaQhedra chra mah turedra hrku khrno."-asa farid. "su))r su))r gaQha))u ga4hiE."-sri m 1. 'dfw [ga4hal n onion. See 'dTQT. affV [gaQhr] n knot. "chijE deh khulE rk g;'iQhI."-o~kar. 'before disconnecting the knot oflife?' 2 adv by cobbling, by knotting. [ga4hi] splice, knot. af~'ijT [ga4hichoral n a cheat, who steals money kept in cloth's knot. 'div [gaQhul See~. 2 relation, connection. "puti ga4hu paVE sasan."-var majh m 1. "saCE naIr tera gaQhu lagE."-asa ch~t m 3.2 friendship. "jIcaru pEnanr khavde trcaru rakhanr ga4hu."-var ram 2 m 5. afprT [ga4hua] See ~. 'df3"r [gata] Skt 'F'C[ adj (one) who goes. "sarbagata."-japu. 'capable of reaching everywhere.' 2 knowledgeable, familiar. "sarasastra gata."--rarrwv. 'competent in Shar ShastaI' (Dhanurved)'; expert in weaponry. oT:it [gatril Skt"l"Rft conveyance, vehicle for

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cfQdSC'ldld

travelling. 2 adjwhich moves. of;: [g;'id] n filth, foulness. 2 excrement, human faeces. aTt:aJl [g;'idgi] P J.;;t n excrement. 2 filth, foulness. ~ [g;'idam] wheat. See clnJH. oi'"eH [g;'idal] n pith, tender branch. "pharida e vIsug5dla dharia kMQu lIvap. "-s fdrid. ~ [g;'idla] adjmixed with dirt; muddy. ~ [g5da] P ~.;;t adj dirty, filthy. "g5de QumI paiasu."- var sri m 5. oTt!"lJ>W [g;'idadhual, oTt!"'1J}f [g5dadhum] n polluted (unholy) smoke; tobacco smoke. "g5dadhum v5s te tyagahu."-GPS. [g;'idJra], oT~;rr [gadJra] n sweetened bread. In olden times there was a ritual of distributing sweetened bread on the occasion of weddings as also on the death of people who died in mature age. oft::r [gadh] Skt~vrtorture; kill; go; give pain, beg, praise. 2 n quality perceivable through the nose; smell, odour, bad smell, fragrance. "sahas tav gadh IV calat mohi."-sollIla. 3 sulphur. 4 pride 5 See ofg. ~ [g;'idhia] adjfragrant, redolent. "c5dan vas sug5dh g5dhaia."-bIla dill 4.2 n maker of perfume. ai't:rRTa" [g5dhsar] n perfume. 2 Dg sandal wood. ~ [g;'idh-hasti] n an elephant from whose glands wine trickles. ~ [gadhak] Skt TA:.T'P n sulphur, extracted from mines, yellow and red in colour, largely used to cure skin diseases. Physicians prescribe this to cure many other diseases. 2 adj suggestive, indicative. 3 from which arises foul odour. oft!" [gadhal)] Skt TA:.R n boldness. 2 violence. 3 backbiting, insinuation. ~~ [gadhal).VEl).] n bold utterance. 2 insinuation; slander, backbiting. See o1l:R:.

are'6T

"g5dhal).vl). SUl).ahI urjhavahI."--asa ill 5. oT~fc!" [gadhal).vl).I] in insinuating and defamatory language. See o1l:R:. "gadhal)vl)I rata hI tkari, sabd suratI na ai. "--sor ill 1. alQFawEl [g5dhbIlail, aIQFaM'~ [gadhbIlav] Skt lFufcrrnq n a foul smelling animal. There is a hard swollen gland near the hip of the this foul smelling animal from which viscous liquid with yellow perfume comes out. Physicians LIse it in many medicinal concoctions. oTt:Ilfl't!O [gadhmadan] a mountain, which, according to Purans is situated to the south of Sumeru. The jungle close to this is also called Gandhmadhan. Per Ramayan, this mountain is situated near Kailash. According to the geographical dictionary, it is a part of Rudrhimalaya. This range starts from northeast of Badrikashram. 2 See ~c. 3 a large flower-sucking black bee, which is drawn to fragrance. 'dftlfi:rar [gadhmng] Skt n musk deer, from the navel of which musk comes out. See~. ~ [gadharab] Skt adjwho accepts fragrance; its lover; or who learns music. 2 n heavenly singer; in Atharav Ved the number of heavenly singers is 6333; of them, eight are very important: (JTUT [haha], ~ [huhu], cItrarath, has, VI$Vatsu, gomayu, Wmbam and nadI. There is a mythical story in Purans that sage Kanav married Daksh's two daughters Muni and Pradha and gandharavs are their progeny. Per Vishnu Puran, the origin of gandharavs is from Brahma. It is mentioned in Harivansh that gandharavs were born from Arishta's womb. 3 musk deer. 4 Indian cuckoo, nightingale. S in music a type of rhythm. 6 second husband of a widow. 7 horse. 8 breath. 9 day. alQdaoald [gadharabmgar], ~ [gadharabpur] See 1J"t'alf~. 2 In Mahabharat, a town near Mansarovar, guarded by celestial singers.

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aillaa<le [g;'ldhdrabved] Skt~a secondary

l

W musk deer. 3 See oTt:ait. "dju bhdri g;'ldhi

aI."-SC:lVa m 1. Ved , in which there is mention ofmusicology; the creator ofthis secondary Ved is Bharatmuni oTt:itw [g;'ldhila] adjpolluted, dirty. 2 n he who and it bears specific relation with Samved. keeps donkeys. 3 Bauriarace, people of which 'dfrre'm [g;'ldhdrbi] n wife of a celestial singer. go bare foot, do not wear shoes on their feet, holding that their ancestor was once a king "purdb jdndm mdm hE g;'ldhdrbi."-0 PS. 'dli:RfrR' [g;'ldhraj] Skt n sandalwood. 2 raisin of and they wi II not wear shoes on their feet and tie turbans on theiir heads until they achieve Amyris agaIIahum tree used In Incense or sovereignty. Gandhilas keep donkeys and live balms. in wattle huts. aft:rw [g;'ldhla] adj See 'dRw. err~ [g;'ldhvdti] Skt n earth, which acquires afg [g;'ldhu] See ofQ'. 2 filth; bad smell. "bII).U naVE muhI g;'ldhu."-var m.Jla m 1. 3 language the quality of smell. In Mahabharat, Vyas's which hurts; adverse talk or insinuation. See mother Satyavati, who is also named ofQ' vr. "tItu dInI bolanI g;'ldhu."-ram var 2 Matsyagandha, was daughter of boatman m5. Jalik and helped travellers cross the river with permission of her father. One day on 'diqa" [g;'ldhrab] See o'P:Rm. "g;'ldhrdb kotI kdrahI jEkar."-bhEr d kdbir. seeing her, sage Prashar got enamoured, and after ridding her body of the foul smell of aiqa 'oald1 [g;'ldhraba ndgri] See ~rQHtf~. "jal).. g;'ldhrabanagri."-var maru 2 m 5. fish, and making it exude pleasant fragrance, cohabited with her who then gave birth to 'dfqfi:rR' [g~dhrbIS] of~-~m. Lord of Gandharavs. See oll::ro<r. sage Vyas. Since that day, Matsyagandha is also called Gandhvati. :; wine. 4 jasmine- 'di'o [g;'lnJ, ol'7iw [g;'lnla] segment of a tree, timber beam. "vaqqhe g~n takhal)..i."-caQi 3. shrub. 2 fragment, piece. "SIr dhdj:' baha. g;'lnle." 'dft:r' [g;'ldha] n jasmine bud. aillifdlJl [g;'ldhagIri] Gandhmadan mountain. -cJc;li 3. [gana] n sugarcane having knots or a See ofm..rreo. variety of sugarcane with a single joint. ~ [g;'ldhar] Skt n a country on the bank of 2 counting, enumerating. "tOIdhu trIbhdVdl).. river Sind, including Peshawar, Kahat, Buner g;'lna."-var m.Jla m 1. areas etc. 170 miles long from east to west ana 100 miles broad in the north east; and ai'o'l [g;'lni] n a type of sugarcane with long and soft stems or segments. 2 a type of thick referred to in Atharav Ved. 2 See cf~. 3 See (JTTqra'. growth ofelephant grass, having roots like those of sugarcane plant. 3 edge of an eyelid on 'dft:rri:JT [g;'ldhara] adj fragrant. which eyelashes grow. 4 outer side of a cart ~ [g;'ldhari] See ~. aTfq [g;'ldhI] n fragrance. 2 See 3 Skt red wheel. See ~. cmro [g;'lbhan] Skt 1~, n bottom, depth. grass. aTrit [g;'ldhi] Skt "JTlf.=UCfl n perfume seller. 2 Skt oT3'at [gabhri] adj sober (woman). 'Rigved encompasses four volumes; likewise Gandharav arm [g;'lbhir] Skt adjsedate, deep, fathomless. "gabhir dhir nam hir."-ram pdrta1 m 5. Ved is not the name or a single book. But all treatises 2 fathomless, inscrutable. 3 heavy, big, as relating to musicology come under this nomenclature.

error

orq.

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2 ~ adj learned, knowledgeable. [gyan] See foJnfro. arnt6t [gabhiri] adj sober woman. 2 n sobriety, dI0ll'(ifsii:.1 [gyanfdri] See ~ and ~. humility. See~. iJr.iJl'i'iC!lf [gyankup] See ~. am [gam] See offi.r and cfiH:;r. iJr.J1OCITH'OII [gyangamy] worthy of attaining ofH3' [gamat] See offi..r3" and ~. 2 M n merry- knowledge; the Transcendent One. making, spring-like atmosphere. 3 enjoyment. dIOllI(itJ~ [gyancak;;u] SkI m:=r<r~ adj who has 4 act of going, travelling. "gamat karte sahIj reflective eyes; who has attained selfsubhae. lavpur mahi calkar ae." -NP. realisation. 2 blind person. ai'Ha'r [gamta] See ClTH:rJor. ~'iiil1" [gyandev] a Brahmin named iIffif [gamI] SkI 0l}fJf adj worth going. "sadhu Vitthalpanth, resident of Alandi Gram kE sagI sarab than gamI."-sukllmCJni. (Deccan). Gayandev was born in his house in 2 worth obtaining, worth finding. 3 worthy of 1275 AD. He was a poet of great intellect and authentication. man of self-realisation. See ~. affi..p,rr [gamIa] adj reached. See (J1}-f vr. 2 sang. dIOllI(iSQ [gyanbaddh] adjproud of information, 3 See ofH:;r'. but lacking true knowledge. "Ik nar gyanbaddh offi..r3" [gamIt] SklOTf1..B adj known. See (J1}-f vr. je hof. tIn ki r;;rey kare nahI kOI."-GPs. "gIan guru gamIt."-gCJU kCJbir. ilJOIITO}flif [gyanmay] adj having supermacy of cfiH:;r [gamy] See offi.r. "trr 16k gamya." -SCJllCJS knowledge; having profound knowledge. m5. 2 the Transcendent One; the Creator. ~ [gamyta] n arrival, entry. dIOll%"Jdo iiil1l'f1 [gyanratnavli] an exegesis ofVar ' 'i!T>w [gamya] Skt married woman (wedded 1 of Bhai Gurdas, biography of Guru Nanak wife), who is ripe for sexual intercourse. Dev, written by Bhai Mani Singh. Many writers have used this epithet for a dIOll I (iiiil1 I(i [gyanvan] adj intellectual, scholarly. harlot. ~ [gyanvapi] a well in Kashi, which, according to Sakand Puran, was dug by Shiv iJr.iJ [gy] SkI ~ n knowledge, understanding. using his trident, from which knowledge flowed 2 scholar. 3 adj learned, knower; used at the end of a word as gu:t:\agy, rasagy. in the form of water. There is a story prevalent in Kashi that when Aurangzeb reached "ijfj{tf [gyap] SkI ~ vr know, understand, train, instruct, please, see, observe. 2 See ~. Banaras, Vishavnath Shivlingjumped into the OIJIT [gya] SkI ~ n knowing. welJl, Aurangzeb destroyed the temple of iJr.iJT3" [gyat] SkI ma adj known. Vishavnath and got a mosque constructed at dl:il 'dGliiil1(i1 [gyatyovna] in poetry a heroine, who that place. It still exists there. is aware of her blossoming youth. dl"l'()~d [gyanvat] adjknowledgeable, scholarly. ~ [gyatavy] adjknowledgeable. ~ [gyani] See forrrit. 2 higher level examination in Punjabi. 3 person who has 'd'T:il""d'1" [gyata] SkI ~ adj scholarly. 'dlJTT'f3" [g y a t I], OJJlT3"T [g y a ti] SkI ~Tfu n passed Gyani examination. 4 scholar adept in the interpretation of Guru Granth Sahib; Sikh descendant, in the line offorefathers; member of one's own community. "pIta pItanuj Jr jI lit seems Aurangzeb uprooted the $rvlfg and threw it gyati."-NP. "ek gyatI ko raha na koi."-kCJlki. into the well. gabhirnad, gabhir svar. 4 n lotus. 5 a disease.
See~2.
'dPI"()'

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seti r;'}gratIa tate g;:ll";:lbhI nd gr;:>sna. "-bIlam ~~ [gyanedny] See '~1jf. 5. 'not to get entangled in conception.' ~ [gyap;:lk] Skt~ adjhelpful in realising C[fi:To [gr;:>sIt] See OJR3'. or understanding. See 0JJilf vr. a.rc:r [gr;:>h] Skt ~ vr acquire, get, grasp, stop, iIPl"'tIO [gyap;:ln] Skt~ n realising, instructing. collect. 2 n planets like the sun, having gravity, 2 expressing. Per epistemology, there are infinite number of ar.RlJ1 [gyaras] n lunar fortnight's eleventh day. planets but astrologers ofHindu religion believe ~ [gyar;:lh] See ~. in nine planets, which are worshipped on the ~ [gyar;:lv] adj eleventh; day eleven. occasion of marriage, oblation etc. See <W'a]<J. "gyar;:lv b;:lr;:lkh VItit bh;:lyo."-paras. 3 persistence, stubbornness. 4 endeavour. ~ [gyarki] See ~'. S knowledge. 6 suggestive of nine because ~ [gyey] See -ann 2. planets are accepted as nine in number. "sun op:r [gr;:ls] Skt"lR\ vr eat, swallow, surround. sun grah atma, s;'}m;:lt adI p;:>chan."-GPS. 2 See~. "p;:lre kalgr;:ls kua."-sor kabir. 'that is to say, Sammat 1900.' 7 kindness. 0Jl1G [gr;:ls;:lt] See ~. "he p;:lpilka gr;:lste!" 8 See fa.r<:r. -sahas m 5. 'iJjtJ<!' [gr;:lh;:>1).] Skt WUT n acquiring. 2 grasping. OJRO [gr;:ls;:lt] Skt1OOcr-1ffil adjeclipsed, besieged, 3 understanding the meaning. 4 the sun and the caught "jIu gr;:ls;:lt bIkh;:li dh;'}dh."--bIla d m moon getting eclipsed; as a result we can not 5. 2 ~ n householder, person leading family see them whole or in part. Purans accept the life. "gr;:lst;m m;:lhI hi b;:lQo grIh;:lsti." cause ofthe eclipse as the seizing ofthe sun and -gujdm 5. the moon by Rahu and Ketu, but actually the ~ [gr;:lstatI] n killer, noose.-sanama. moon is eclipsed by the earth coming between [gr;:lS;:ltI] in family life. See ilJFl3" 2. "s;:lkhi the sun and the moon. The sun is eclipsed only s;:lheri merE gr;:lS;:ltI ;:In;'}d.''-bhEr ill 5. on a moonless day or night and the moon gets 0JR3t [gr;:lsti] See fa.rumft. eclipsed only on a full moon night. During the OJA'O [gr;:ls;:ln], "iJ.I11?iT [gr;:lsna] Skt ~ n eating, time ofeclipse, Hindus donate and pray to save swallowing. "kaIa kak gr;:lsna."-b.Ila ch5t m sun and moon from troubles and abstain from 5. 2 grasping, entangling, adopting" "prabhu eating and drinking because of jmpurity. These superstitions are discounted in Gurmat. IThe explicators of Guru Granth Sahib's meanings thus "harI h;:lrI nam m;:lj;:ln karI suce, define their school: Bhai Mani Singh and Karam Singh kotI gr;:>ha1). pOn ph;:>l muce." learnt its meanings from Guru Gobind Singh. From them learnt Divan Singh, and in sequence the tradition of this -gaum5. learning continued with Khajan Singh, Gurdial Singh, iIj"Uit [grah1).i] See FfO]"Dit. Gurbakhash Singh, Amar Singh, Kaur Singh and Surat CJClO [gr;:>h;:>n] See ~. Singh, Amar Singh, Ram Singh, Biant Singh. Chanda ~ ~ 'ill"UO [gr;:lM de vahan] See ~. Singh. Bhai Sant Singh scholar of Harimandir, son of a.rfu [gr;:lhI] See OJ<T and fa.ru. above-mentioned Surat Singh, lcarnt from him this a.rfu"i" [gr;:lhIO] captured. 2 of the household. "gr;:lhIO seV;:lk."-bIha ch5t m 5. explication. Bhai Sant Singh, Santokh Singh's above famous follower (disciple), was a great poet. This tradition o.rfu3" [gr;:lhIt] adj held, grasped. "S;:lty r;:lhIt pap gr;:>hIt."- kalki.. continues now with Bhai Chanda Singh etc.

scholar!.

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~ [graluta] adj who holds or grasps. See

3 worth knowing.

cZodlfo3 i

'iI]"ill [grahi] n morsel. 2 SkI

~, adj

holder,

man, grasper, receiver. who performs a sacrifice; a householder, who o,rtIJi [grahy] See ClJ'Utl". performs an oblation etc. "Ih asram kIse qp>f [gram] Skt n village "gram gram nagar sabh grahImedhi ka hovEga. "-JSBM. phIna."-ndt d m 4. 2 group, community. ~ [grahesur], ~ [grahesuri] owner of 3 basic note in the musical scale of a rag; in the house, lady of the house. music three houses viz $a!aj, madhyam and l IljtlHd o [grajsatan] Gardezstan, a territory gadhar are described which are alternately between India and Gazni. See~. "grajsatan known as nadyavarat, subhadra and jimut; with gaji."-kdlki. $a!dj (the first note) in mind if we expand the O]lfc'i [grathan] Sid n act of braiding. 2 collecting. remaining notes, then $a!aj is a house; the same 3 kneading. is true for maddham and gadhar; some ~ [gradeji] See ~ and ~. scholars are ofthe view that pacam is the third ~ [grabh] See Cl'Rffi'. "te dUjE bhaI pavahI house in place of gadhar. grabhjoni. "--jEt m 4. 2 Skt 1]'1-1 vr capture, In some books of music, madra house is collect, receive. 3 n capturing, holding. $d!dj, madhyam is mddhay house, nI$ad is tar 'CI]'ftf [grabhI] in the womb. "jiu bahut grabhI house. vase."-bavan. 0Il'}-ftfTl? [grampall, OI~ [gramadhi$l n or [gra] adj holder; short for grahak. "sargra landlord of the village. 2 village headman. birha."-sanama. 'the string that holds the ~ [gramil).], Cl]"'}-fto [gramin] adj rural 2 n arrow. ' villagers "bhE su manE nahI gramin."- GPs. 0J'Ff [gras] SkI n morsel. 2 food. "gras dehu ~ [gramy] SkI adjrural. 2 uncivilised, fool. 3 n a verse in which uncivil words are used in par bas na deu."-GPS. "sas gras ko data thakur." -gau kdbir. abundance. 4 animals such as donkeys, pigs etc which are reared in the villages. 0JTR?iT [grasnal See 0J11?iT. "jamahI grase jhot." -sarm 5. ~ [gnsat] very heavy. See d'Ifu1J. "gada grisat a.rfi=r [grasI 1while eating. See OJ'"R'. "saSI grasI pa!).;}."-VN. 2 distance between the tip of the harInamu samalI."-sukhm~Jni. 'while thumb and the tip of the little finger of a fully stretched palm. See fame. "musatI agusat breathing and eating.' 2 having captured. "haumE grasI Ikatu thaI kie."-asa d m 1. gn st5 parma!).a."- janmejay. CI,I'T(J [grah] See ORJTU 2. fa,rRo [gnsat] Skt f'a.ruFcr n husband and wife living together as a family. 2 household or family OI~ [grahak] Skt adj holder, receiver. 2 purchaser, client. 3 trapper. 4 hawk, that life. "VIce gnsat udas rahai."-guj m 4. 3 In Shastarnammala grasIt has occasionally been captures patridges etc. used for gnsat. 0J1'Utl' [grahaj], CJ]T<lf;:1 [grahajI], 0J'Utf [grahaju] Skt 0]'Wf adj worth having "ek mahaii h1 sabh faFr [gnh] Skt ~ n house. "gnh ban sdmsar." -asa m 1. 2 family "VIce gnh gurbacanI kIChu grahaj."- gdU m 5. "sacI bIkhIa Ie grahaju kini."-bIla m 5. "satI satokhu grahajI udasi."-var guj 1 m 3. See~. lay:J."-sdveye m 2 ke. 2 worth accepting. faItrR3' [gnhasat], faI<:rF!3T [gnhasti], faItJFrEf

o.rfuih:IT [grahImedhi] SkI ~irr~, family

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[grIhasath], fqrm:reit [grIhasthi], ~ [grIhasth] See~. person who takes to married life in the household. "grastan me ill baqo grIhasti."gujam5. 'fa.yutt [grIhl)i] Skt ~ n wife. ~ [gnhdharam] n householder's duty. "grIhdharam gavae satIguru na bhetE. "-maru C)ml. fajdSHq. [gnhbastra] tent. See crFr::rfa.rcr. 2 homespun and woven clothing. ~<!" [gnhbhaul)] n solar system. 2 according to astronomy, planetary movement. "prabhu hamarE sastra saUl)U. sukh sahaj an;')d gnhbhauQ.."-bher m 5. ~ [gnhmedhi] See 0]fuHtft. far'ij'TQCf [gnharath] Skt 1J:bi2,f n household articles. 2 household affairs. "dhng saneh;') gnharath kdh."-sC)hC)s m 5. forfu [gnhI] Skt ~ n master of the house, husband. fdJ:fuit [gnhIl)i] housewife:. See fq["Jit. fa.r<ft [gnhi] Skt ~ family man. "jogi gnhi p;')qIt bhekhdhari."-bher m 3. 2 only the house. "gnhi ;')tan saCI IIv lagi."-gC)u a m 3. faru't3" [gnhit] Skt ~~ adj grasped, held, captured. 2 accepted. 3 acquired. ~ [gnhitva] Skt ~ having grasped or held. "gnhitva jabE sastra astr;') apar~i." -parC)s. fa.rn' [gnhu] house. See faJu. "dMnu su gnhu jItu pragti aI."-asa m 5.2 family. "jau gnhu karahI ta dharamu karu. "-8 kC)bir. 3 husband. "gnhu vas I gun kina hau ghar ki nan ."--sum m 5. 4 Skt 1J]; beggar. faftl'O [grfjan] Skt 1J:~Fl n carrot. 2 turnip. 3 garlic. farq [gndh] Skt 'l1:l vr wish, desire, tempt or allure. fa.rq [gndhra] Skt n vulture; lured by flesh, tempted by carrion. See fa]l:r. ojl1:rn [grikham] SktO]'t1:rf n season that swallows

comfort. summer; months of Jeth-Harh. "grikham rutI atI gakhri jethI akharE gham jiu."-ram ruti m 5. See 1:fZfug. ~ [griv] neck. See~. due to compounding OJNt' [griva] becomes ~ [griv] as sugriv. 'having a beautiful neck'. ~ [grivha] n which takes away life when put around the neck, noose.-Sc)llama. 2 adj who executes. ~ [griva] Skt n neck 2 throat. ~ [griva-an] sword.-sc)llama. The neck is cut with a sword. 2 noose.-Sc)llama. oJu [greh] See faJu, -aTu. "dhan dara s;')patI greh."- bC)sC)t m 9. "banIta sut deh greh." -dhc)lla kC)bir. oJ'd'<!" [grehal)], ~'(J'fu- [grehal)I] wife. See ~ and ~. "sunat sok kinas yut grehal)."- G PS. af'Ef [gr;')th] Skt 1F'4 n act of braiding. 2 a book, in which texts are interwoven. af~ 1ft ~ [gr;')thsahIb $ri guru] supreme amongst all the holy scriptures; the most revered book of Sikhs. Having collected the sacred hymns of his predecessors, Guru Arjan Dev asked Bhai Gurdas to take down the same in Sammat 1660 on the bank of Ramsar (Amritsar). After including his own and other saints' hymns, he completed it in Sammat 1661 and installed it the same year, in Harimandir for preaching of Gurmat and appointed Baba Buddha as the gr~thi. Three different manuscripts ofGuru Granth Sahib are extant: the: first one scribed by Bhai Gurdas, the second one of Bhai Banno and the third is ofDamdama. The details regarding these are as under: The manuscript Guru Arjan Dev got scribed by Bhai Gurdas came to the known as Adi Granth. It contains thirty rags from Sri to Prabhati rag. The total number ofbanis (sacred hymns) including shabads, sloks, pauris upto

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Mundavani come to 5,751" At present this manuscript is kept at Kartarpur. In the book form, it has 975 leaves!. A border has been added to each leaf. The initial Mool Mantar of Japu has been written by Guru Arjan Dev himself and page 541 bears the signature of Guru Hargobind on it In between Kabir's shabads in Rag Asa "rdhu rdhuri bdhuria" and "kdrvdtu bhdla nd kdrvdt teri", another "dekhdhu loga" numbered 35 was written and thereafter effaced with orpiment, but is still legible and numerical order is still intact. A shabad of Mira Bai was scribed and then struck off. Several Sikhs are of the opinion that Guru Arjan Dev had left certain leaves blank for including the compositions of the ninth Guru. But it is a misconception, as the leaves so left blank are at those places where bani of Guru Teg Bahadur cannot be entered. For example one side of leaf number 60 is blank and three leaves are blank in the bani of Guru Arjan Dev himself in Sri Rag. Seven leaves are left blank at the end of Asa Di Var and there is no blank space left for the sloks of Guru Teg Bahadur. 2 Bhai Bano of Mangat took Guru Granth Sahib from Guru Arjan Dev for getting it bound from Lahore. He made a copy of it and incorporated some additional compositions of his own accord. This manuscript came to be known as Bhai BallO'S. It also contains 30 rags and a total number of5,757 shabads, and sloks in it This manuscript is available at Mangat (district Gujarat) and is in. the custody of his progeny. It is in the form ofa book and contains 467 leaves. See Wale. The details of additional compositions included in this manuscript ofBhai Banno are
'Pagination starts from table of contents and in line with the rule of Sanskrit books. numbering stmis from page 2.

as under: (a) There is a shabad in Rag Sorath "dudhu so jogi guru mera. rs pdd ka jo bn: nrbera."2 (b) In Ram Kali of m 5, in place of two lines of the shabad "rul)jhOjhdnra" full four stanzas are given. (c) In Maru Rag, there is a shabad of Mira Bai. (d) In Sarang Rag, there is "chaQr mdn, hdrrbrmukh;m ko S;)g," a complete shabad. (e) At the end under the heading-sdlok ill 1, there are three saloks "jrtu ddrI Idkh mdh;)mda," "esu kdM p5j bhiti6," and "drsdtr nd rdhia nanka." (f) There is a shabad ofm 1 i.e "bar atds ab" containing sixteen stanzas. (g) From "asdn sadh nrrabm rdhr" to "nandk kdhr brragi soi." there is a composition of 25 stanzas and is named Ratanmala. (h) "hdkikdt rah mukam srvnabhr raje" is a prose text (i) At the end, the method ofthe preparation of ink is given. If Ramkali and Sarang are omitted then there are seven additions as well. At the gurdwara of Baba Ajapal Singh of Nabha, there is an old manuscript of Bhai Banno's volume. It contains 741 leaves. In this volume word mdhla has been replaced by 1..fT3W<ft [patsahi] at all places and in Rag Gujri, the following shabad ofTrilochan, not found in other volumes of Banno, is includedndV nrdhr pdrsi kar re efta deft blpdtro II kel) pasr hdU magdt achdu mera prabhu lajr laeh baro II III gobfd gobfd gobIde II gobfd brnu mr dVdru nd jaeau nam vdkhal)dU gobfd ka II rdhaull
'This shabad is not included in other copies of Bhai Banno.

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djaH,fcls JI'l

II 11

djaHifcls JI'l

gobfd keri mukti dasi but numerous copies of it had already been prepared. I sclnIasi SIV racile II taci dasi maha asat sIdhI The total number of pads, shabads, sloks, nahi kaju hama tIsu seti 11211 cMts, pauris in Guru Granth Sahib is as under: dhaturbaji rasa upjile Guru Amardas 869 tajIle eh kubudhi II Guru Arjan Dev 2,312 manI bhitan bican na dekhahI Guru Angad Dev (only sloks) 63 gobfdbhagatI bhali rasu sudhi 11311 Satta Balvand, Val' Ramkali 3, Stanzas 8 gobfd keri bat SUl).ijE Sadhna 1 kahu kInI dekhIa nEl).i II Sundar, Ramkali Sadu, Stanzas 6 gobfdnam carit sada han Surdas 2 2 Sen 1 gobfd sada s;:it ki bEl).i 11411 gobfd keri bhau bhagvatu K~~ ~4 man machar mad rahta II Guru Gobind Singh., slok 1 Jaidev 2 badat tnlocan sunI re prani Guru Teg Bahadur magau jo s;:isan bIrakta 11511 115 Similarly, in the Gurdwara ofNirankaris at Trilochan 5 Rawalpindi is kept a volume of Sammat 1842 Dhanna 4 Guru Nanak Dev 947 which contains an additional shabad of Nam Dev 62 Namdev, bearing number 6. Its opening line is "sat samfJd jaki hE kIrl).i dharti jaka beto." Parmanand 1 3 The volume dictated by Guru Gobind Peepa 1 Farid 123 Singh through his spiritual powers at Beni 3 Damdama, in Sammat 1762-63 is famously 3 known as damdame vali bir (Damdama 123 Savaiye of Bhatts manuscript). Including Jaijivanti, it contains 31 Bhikhan 2 Mardana, sloks in Var Bihagarha 3 Rags and the total number of shabacls, sloks, Ravidas 40 pauris etc from Japu to Mundavani is 5,867. Apart from the four shabads under the Guru Ram Dass 638 heading "sopurakhu", it contains 115 shabads Rama Nand 1 Some historians and traditional scholars are and sloks of Guru Teg Bahadur and one slok "bal hoa b;:idhan chute" by Guru Gobind Singh. of the view that it was Guru Hargobind, who wrote the nine vars for singing, but it is Some scholars are of the view that in Rag erroneous. Their tunes were set by Guru Arjan Sorath, a line ofKabir's shabad contained the word "khalase" but Guru Gobind Singh ISomc scholars are ofthe opinion that the original version changed it to "khalse". Now this is nolt correct. is in Kabul but we have confirmed through the In Kabir's original version it is "khalse". The government that this manuscript is not available there. original Damdama volume was lost by Khalsa 2There is only one line of a shabad of Surdas in Sarang: Panth in Sammat 1818 in the battle of "cha4I man, hilrIbImukhan ko sag." Kupparhirhe, during the Great Sikh Ho10caust 3S ee if?: 3.

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J,IT

1112

. dfaHif()ij

J,IT

Dev himself for the guidance of singers. For the first time the word "Guru" was added to Granth Sahib in Sammat in 1765, when Guru Gobind Singh bestowed Guruship to this fountainhead of Sikhism. Numerous people prefix the word 'Guru' to Dasam Granth as well, which is against the tenets of Gurmat. See -eRHaj'cr. Revered laureate Sant Nihal Singh thus eulogises Guru Granth Sahib: (a) an;';d ko ghar hE kI ;';mnt ko sar hE kI devan ko tar' hE kI gyan ko samaj hE, kal hii ko kal hE kI ritI hi ki pal hE kI bharti ko mal hE kI bhav ko jahaj hE, ved ko sIdh;';t hE kI dharyo rup ~iHI hE kI mokhhiikokatI hEh brahmhI vuajhE, ragan ko bag hE kI jivan ko bhag hE kI dhara ko suhag hE kI gr;';thmaharaj hE. (b) ek hi cac;lhae phdl car6 phal d et joi yamE kotI jivan ke citI ache dhasge, patki malin akulin chin dil1dn ke jake nEk dekhte karor6 pap nasge, alsi abhagi bhiru bhog;m ke ragi muc;lh bani ke pratap se su premsudha rasge, phasge phabile r;';g rup jJ nIhare nm gr;';thmaharaj ju hamare man basge. (c) tJb hiye dhiraj puman ke baser9 kin jJb mngnEni na katachban maryo hE, tJb tam tom hE jahan mE gh;:mero nic jJb mart;';c;l l1d pratap ko bItharyo hE, tJb dukh darad s6 dinta drkhai det jJb devtaru ke samip na padharyo hE, tJb pin papan ke jhOc;lan ke jhOc;l gajr jJb maharaj gurugr;';th na nIharyo hE. (d) dh;';ny kul gotr tako janni janak dMny pujniy soi c;';dra suraj varan ko, kesrinIhal so nIhal hE pranam tako hotbha pramod vako lakh6 hi varan ko, nEk jo nIharE kotI patak palEhr beg
'tree; a mythological tree which grants all wishes.

car6 phal det cokhe car6 hi varan ko, pritI s6 pratitI s6 abhit hVE ucaryo jas gr;';th maharaj ju ke ek hi varan ko. (e) ~rJn k5th kie khu~i mJj be~umarbe~ gath jo anadI ki jhatak hie kholhE, kesrinrhal bhag bhal ke bhalai bhun dhv;';skE aghogh bhari mod mE jhakolhE, bhulto prapac bhup bhitI ko ju bhJn bhim premsudha SIdhu mE dhakel jiv gholhE, hVErahyo alol cit chorh bIoI jhol ek ek bol grathnath ko amolhE. (f) kahii ko bhClroso hE jClmin ko jClmane bic kahii ko bhClroso jor cakri jahaj pE, kahii ko bharoso bhari ~ah pat~ah mit kahii ko bhClroSO hE kut;';bi krr kaj pE, kahii ko bharoso dev-vani Clru parsi ko kahii ko bhClroSO satgiri ki mIjaj pE, kahii ko bhClroso caru ca turi cCllaki cokh moko to bhClroSO ek grathmClharaj pE. (g)darCls paras kine gr;';thmaharaj ju ke pap jClnmatar ke punrup dharte, darad ghanere se anekdha vIbhutI hot hot hE prClkas acho bhari ;';dhkar te, mad-dhi subuddh hVE chClnek mE Clnek bhatI rog te pramod bhali ritI duracar te, jete npu jhOc;lCln ke jhOc;l apkari nie tete mit hVEkE nit kaj ko savarte. (h)hoto jabE bhor tabE hot hE ghanero dukh corCln ke jhuc;l ko cakoran ki pal ko, hoto jabE c;';drama akas mE prakas tabE hot hE sakoc kaj path sayamabal ko, hot hE cac;lhai jdbE surbir sIghan ki tabE bhumi hiyo halE dujjCln karal ko, hot hE su path jabE gr;';thmaharaj ju ko tabE kala hoto mukh kal blIkal ko. (i) jete dey rachas adhin hve Cldhen hii te jahI ki tnloki bic jagti su jot hE, kesrinIhal jake nEsak hii dhClyan dhare pap jo bIdarejat pun to udot hE, bhanu so pCldhare jClha tare ;';dhkar kalu

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ajawfc:ra" tft

m fi:r1;ret

(tfSt) "i! j't!'

1113

OJ~

bhule hO mhare te kntat dukhi rot hE, jhaki gurugr;'ith maharaj ki b I loki jabE baki is d usre ki lalsa na hot hE. The way to recite Guru Granth Sahib: G) ;'in ko b;'idhej badh asan ko sadh be$ gat ko aloP sudhI ele callijIye, cit ko nnodhkE praka$ prem gadinaVIchaynapray;'ikhathdij:[ye2 , khasi krodh varta j;'ibhai c c:lakar chik hasi s1c:lh m;'idp:m 3 thuk na krijIye, satvki subhaI s5 akal s51agaI dhyan gr;'ithju ko path pyare, Esi bhiit kijIye. -sJt nrhal sfgh. oj'aJrIfmr tit tit fi:n;;e+ (tiSi) ~' '3t!" [gr;~thsahI b ji di jIlda (bira) de bhed] See oj'Ef Ffl"f:J~r. oj'~ [gr;'ithkarta], oftm'O [gr;'ithkar] ad) author, writer. of~~ [gr;'ithcubak] n who reveres a book by bestowing kisses; one who just reads without pOildering over the meanings of the text; a shallow bibliophile. 2 just a browser, not a scholar. oj'fir [gr;'itlu] Skt 'lJ"R;r n knot. 2 bundle. 3 gland. 4 a disease marked by pain and swelling of joints; arthiritis, rheumatism. See oro'Tr'. 5 crookedness. 6 illusion. oj'~ [grathIchedak] n pickpocket. 2 selfenlightenment which staves off ignorance. c.f'eft [gr;'ithi] Skt ~q ad) one who possesses a book. 2 one who reads a book. 3 knotty. 4 a reader and attendant of Guru Granth Sahib. ~ [glanI] See i'IR?'fo.

CQ"Tij' [gvar], ~ [gvar;mI], ~ [gvarni] n

milkman, cow tender, milkmaid, cow tender's wife. ~ [gvarier] See ~. W"li5" [gval] n milkman, cow tender, cow tender's wife, milkmaid. 2 a poet par excellence, resident ofMathura, belonging to Bhatt dynasty, who stayed for some time with Maharaja Sher Singh at Lahore and spent his old age with Maharaj Bharpur Singh ofNabha. His poetry is elegant. He wrote Gurupachasa (Panchashika) in Sammat 1917, from which the following verses are taken: pac:lhkE tIhari bani $riman gobfdsfgh! jivanmukat jan hoyrahE ag me, sadhU me na $erpan ~er me na sadhupan, doupan dekhIyat ap hi lee mag me, gval kaVI adbhut bate kh5 km km, bh:m bh:m jahar jahur pag pag me, sIkkh je tIhare sabh s;'igya mahI sfgh bhae, samar me sfgh bhae sfgh bhae jag me. Tenth Master's Sword: pan su bhari hE kharsan pE dhari hE khari, $an so bari hE manbari cakr an hE, bhanu ke saman tej brIn ko bhan jag, bhan bhan c:lare rahi tIn mukh bhan hE, gval kaVI raD vIvadhan na rahIndet, b;'ikta vIdhan bhari ;'itar krIsan hE, cakrapanI pan pE tIhare $ri gobfdsfgh, teri jo knpan parE jii par knpan hE. CQ"'Hfo [gvalaml, 0J1ffi'IT [gvalnil, OJ'W [gvala] See OJ'O-~. illfMGIa [gvalIyar] See~.

lsteady,constant. 'elbow or hand should not be placed on majisahIb. lflatulence.

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[ghagga] ninth character ofPunjabi script. It is guttural in pronunciation. 2 Skt n gong. 3 sound of panting. 4 sunshine. 5 rain, cloud. 6 beating, reprimand. 7 year. uret [ghai] injured. "dng saIk ke janu ghaI ghai h5."-carrtr 111. 2 Vj adj deep, fathomless. 3 n whirlpool. 4 support, pillar, stanchion. UfR' [ghas] Skt'C:fISJ:. vr rub, scrub. 2 Skt tRL vr eat. tII'ffi!T [ghasl).a], UfR?i [ghasan] Skt ~ v rub, scrub. 2 Dg eat. See ll/Ff vr. l.\fR}fij' [ghasmar] Skt um-Rf adj gluttonous. t.lImf [ghasar] n friction. 2 mark made by friction. See UfR'vr. ~ [ghasaul).a] See ~. urfi:r [ghasI] adv having rubbed, having ground "ghasI cadan coa bahu sugadh."-bas.J't raman5d. "tIS ghasI ghasI nak vac;lhaIa." -ramm4. urfJ::rl?ftar [ghas I a r a], uITR'(J'T'OT [ghas I ha r a] grasscutter. UI'fm:f;;!Q [ghasIcadanu] stone upon which sandalwood is rubbed. "ghasIcadanu jasu ghasIa."-kalI m 4. l.lfffmt [ghasiE] should rub. 2 practise. ~ [ghasitl).a], un::fl'zoT [ghasitna] v drag something in such a way as to leave a mark on the ground. 1.lRRI'O [ghahran], tlRJ07iT [ghaharna] v roar with a deep sound. "jab hi sakhsabad ghahrae." -paras. 2 thunder. ~ [ghahIl).a] v stay at home; be in one's abode. "sahaj ghar ghahIl).a."-BG. 2 See
Uf

~ [ghahIrl).a], llIftRro [ghahIran] See Uf<:Rl7iT. ufCliazMl [ghakkakotli] See 2"'<21wfua" 3.

l.IICl'RJT [ghagra] See 1.1IURJT.

W(!T.

[ghaghar] See 1.ii'um. [ghaghra] n pettycoat which women wear round their waist. ururr [ghagha] pronunciation of Punjabi character Uf. 2 character Uf. "ghagha ghalahu manahI eh bIn han dusar nahI."-bavan. "ghaghE ghal sevaku je ghalE."-asa pati m 1. ~ [ghaghIaul).a] See ~. UfF [ghaghuta] n owlet. 2 snail. 1.ii'um [ghagghar] Skt ~ a river of Punjab, waters of which flows with roaring sound. It originates in Sirmaur (Nahan) region and flows through the territory of Ambala and Patiala, vanishes into the sands of Hanumangarh in Bikaner state. It finds mention in Rig Ved. 2 See U/OUfGT. ul'uIa9HiH~ [ghagghrisastra] ufCJ1'O-m-~, Ghaghar's lord, Varun; his weapon, noose. -sanama. uffi'(iJc!T [ghacoh)a] v produce sound as of churning water. 2 mix something in water through churning. uffiw [ghacola] n uproar, chaos, disorder. "sabad na sUl).ai bahu rol ghacola."-gau var 1 m 4. U/2" [ghat] SkttrC, vr happen, do, pound, collect, shine, torment, produce a sound. 2 n pitcher. "bhabhkat ghata atI nad huya. "-ramav. 3 body. "ghat phute kou bat TId pUchE."-asa kabir. 4 heart, mind, conscience. "ghat dam;mr camakr c;lra I 0."-sor m 5. "ghat ghat vasi sarab
UIUre'
U/UfQT

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tIfGT [ghata] Skt n lowering clouds. "dah dIS

nIvasi."-suhi eMit m 5. 5 va)ley, pass. 6 a raised portion of the elephant's head, above the ears; pitcher. 7 thirty-two seers of weight. 8 moment. "aughat ki ghat lagi aI."--bher namdev. 'Moment of distress has arrived.' 9 lowering clouds. 10 adj less, deficient. "ghatI phute ghat bbahI na hoi."--g;:m kdbir baVdn. 'While the body is destroyed, the soul remains intact.' 11 In J anam Sakhi, ghat is also used for belly, as "bhukkh de mare mera ghat mIIgaIa hE, mE rabab kIS tari'l bajava.?" 'The belly has contracted so much that it has touched the back.' U/'G'B'3" [ghatsut] n son of the pitcher - sage Agast. See ~. lIlGO[TO [ghatkan] n having pitcher-like ears; Ravan's brother-Kumbhkaran. "ghat--kanahu se pal bic pachare."-VN. t1/GOl"'6' [ghatkar] n one who makes pitchers; pitcher maker; potter. UIGi1 [ghataj] born from the pitcher, sage Agasat.
See~.
~

[ghatr:ta] v lessen, be deficient, be short. "ghat;'!t lalna sut bhrat hit;'!. "-sdhdS m 5. 2 See

UfCc'iT.

[ghat-tanay] See tlfZff"3". UIG3t [ghat-til n deficiency, shortage, loss. ~ [ghatdipak], UlCt!Rrig [ghatdipaku] n lamp of the body; heart's lamp, souL 2 selfenlightenment. "ghatdipaku gurmokhI jata he."-maru solhe m 1. t.\IGi') [ghatan] Skt n happening, being. 2 process of being made. UIGi')T [ghatna] See ~. "nah bac.lhan ghatan tIlusar."-bavcm. 2 Skt v collect, put toge:ther. 3 make, create. 4 n happening, event, incident as "eh ghatna s;'!mat 1900 VICC hoi", etc. ~ [ghatputr], UICl;f3" [ghatput] See urc:ff3". ~ [ghatbhav], ~ [ghatyom] one who is born from a pitcher, sage Agasat. See:'ifCTlJ.
U/G3OliI'

chatr megh-ghata."-sor m 5. 2 See UJ'ZeT. 3 See ul'cr. ~ [ghataul).a] v reduce. 2 insult, discourage. 3 reduce the numbers in a sum; subtract. UIG1' [ghatau] adj of or relating to the pitcher. "jIu jal ghatall c;'!drama."-var man; 2 m 5. 'like the reflection ofthe moon in the pitcher's water.' 2 one who reduces. 3 measure of time-a moment. "sukhghatall c.lllI."-varmaru 2 m 5. 'Comfort is momentary.' U1c:'aS'h [ghatakban] UfCT-aJ-fl?). n rainbow. "ghatakaban ubbhiy;'!."-gyan. 'The crest is as high as a rain-bow." Uf<:TO(Tf.I" [ghataka~] n space inside a pitcher. 2 soul. UfCTUI'<:" [ghataghat] in each and everybody. 2 in all animate and inanimate things; in all bodily or bodiless things . "baSE ghataghat lip na chipE."-kan namdev. ~ [ghatatop] n gathering of clouds from around like a highcap. 2 cloud's canopy. ~ [ghatal).a] adj what has already happened. 2 of or relating to the mind or the heart. "habh ras mal).e bhog ghatal).e."-sar chat m 5. u.rfc [ghatI] within the heart or the mind. "tItu ghatI diva nIhcalu hOI."-ram m 1. "ghatI brahamu na cina."-guj trIloean. 2 within the pitcher. "ghatI mahI sfdhukiopargas."-ram m 5. 'The ocean (soul) has illuminated the paltry being.' 3 within the body. "jIcaru ghatI ;'!t2irI hE sasa."-sor m 3. u.rfc ~ [ghatI avghatI] adv within and without. "ghatI avghatI raVIa sabh thai, han puran brahamu dIkhaiE."-dev m 5. 2 in the body and mind. l.tI'fcw [ghatIka] Skt n unit of time-a measure oftime equivalent to twenty four minutes. See ~, US"1 and ~ urm. 2 small eat-them pitcher.

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urfc urfc

11 16

UIfc UIfc [ghatI ghatI] in each body and soul

"gupat pragat han ghatI ghatI dekhahu." -maru solhe m 1. UIit [ghati] unit of time. See urfcorr and uSt. 2 adj became less. 3 n creation. "nkhI pUjI ghati sabh papghati."-datt. ur<!l>w [ghatia] adj inferior. 2 mean, insignificant. U/itl;f~ [ghatIy~tr] n persian wheel; waterdrawing mechanism in which earthen or iron vessels are tied to a revolving wheel. 2 clepsydra. 3 hourglass; an instrument comprising sand and water, used for telling time. See uSt 3. til? [ghatu] See U/C. "ghatu bmSE dukh agIo." -sri a m 1. 'The body perishes.' ~ [ghatotkac] Skt 'C1 C'.1\Cfiil n son of Arjun from Hirhiamba's womb, who was killed by Karan's spear during the battle ofMahabharat. 2 See q]1.f3' 4. ~ [ghatotkacan] n Karan. 2 spear. "lachman ::>r ghtotkac e pad pntham ucar. pun an bhakho $akatI ke nIksE nam apar" -sanama. 'Hit with spear, Lachhman became unconscious and Ghatotkach died.' ~ [ghatodbhav] one who is born from a pitcher, sage Agast. See ~. ufc [ghatt] adj deficient, less. 2 Skt "'iTc:,c, vr go, spread, scrub, spoil. 3 n landing place; place for filling water and bathing on the river bank. tii'GT [ghatta] n dust. t.lfi5T [ghatha] S adjworn out. "khadIa khadIa muh ghatha. "-var guj 2 m 5. tl/C!" [ghaI).] Skt 'i:fU1. vr shine, glow. 2 Dg cloud. See UfO. "ghaI). varasahI rutI ae."-tukha barahmaha. "ghaI). unaVI vuthe."-ram ruti m 5. 3 adj abundant, much. "mE jehi ghaI). ceri."-suhi chat m 5.4 blacksmith's sledge. S anvil. ~ [ghal).haI).] n cloud. "ghal).haI).ghora, janu baI). mor~."-suraj. 2 roar of dark clouds,

thunder of clouds. UlC!" [ghaI).a] S abundant, plentiful. "rahasu upjE manI ghaI).a."-suhi chat ill 5. "govfdu aradhiE hOVE an;')du ghaI).a."-majh barahmaha. 2 dense, thick. lIlit [ghaI).i] S adj abundant. 2 dense, thick. ~ [ghaniar] n blacksmith's sledge, hammer. "ghaI).iar mare tIt tal jIu."-m 1 bano. 2 cloud. See ~. urcrer [ghaI).era], ~ [ghaI).eri] adj plentiful. See ~ and UR't. "mItr ghaI).ere kan thaki." -sri m 3. "kISE thofi kIse hE ghcweri."-majh

m3.

Uli [ghaI).o] Sand Dg adj plentiful, much.

"ghaI).o ghaI).o ghaI).o sad 10fE."-toQi m 5.

urcfcf [ghaI).~k] n jingle of big and small bells.

"ghaI).~k ghughru sur~."-ramav. 2
~

thunder of

dark clouds. [ghatI).a], ~ [ghataI).u] v put, pour. 2 throw. "tInI janI sabhI qar sutIghate." -bIha chat m 4. 3 send. urf::r [ghatI] adv having thrown. "kIthE vaJ1a ghatI."-s farid. 2 having got. "ghatI galava calIa." -var gau m 4. 3 having sent. ufaT [ghatta] In prosody this metre consists of two lines, each line having thirty-two matras. There are four pauses each after eight matras, with no guru laghu restriction at the end. Example: uattam karI).i, nItpratI karI).i, hE yahI varI).i, sIkkhan riti.... (2) Keshavdas defines ghatta metre as comprising two lines, each having 30 matras, with the first pause at the tenth, second at the next eighth and third at the last twelfth matra, the end being a nagaI)., that is, III. Example: nfda ke tyagi, guru anuragi, gurusIkh dhari sadgun.... 3 In Dasam Granth, ghatta consists of

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three lines, the first line having of twentyfour matras with pauses at the eleventh and the next thirteenth matra; the second! line contains sixteen matras and the pause is at the eighth and the sixteenth matra; the third line has thirty-two matras" the pause here is at the eighth, and the sixteenth matra and at the end there are two laghu maltras. This variant is the most difficult one. Example: dharam na karhi ek, anek pap kEhi:: sabh. laj bee t;'ihI, phIrE sagal jag, pap kamEhE, durgatI pEhE, papsamud jEhE nahi tar.-kdlki. 1.1/0 [gh;m] Skt "iJ"Q-f/..f n cloud. "jor ghata gh;m ae sakhi."-krrsdn. 2 a musical instrument made of bronze. "git rag ghan tal SI kure." -bIla am 1. 3 mace, iron mallet. "jahI avte bahut ghan sath."-asa m 5. 4 deluge, flood. 5 anvil upon which a blacksmith beats iron. 6 Htr" [mothal, cyperus rotundus. 7 body. 8 iron. 9 camphor. 10 mica. 11 adj dense. "as pas ghan tursi ka bIrva."-gdu kdbir. "eku bagiea pec;l.u ghan kana.,,_asa m 5. 12 all, entire. "c;l.ube nam bInu ghan sath."--maru m 5. 13 hard, tough. 14 solid, heavy. 15 many, plentiful. "bIkar ghan."-phunhe m 5. tlIi'iFf"ij' [ghansar] Skt n water. 2 camphor. "e;'idan s6 ghansar mIle."__h;mu. 3 sandalwood. Ul'?ifJ:fur [ghansfgh] a devout disciple from village Fazilka (district Ferozepur). Guru Gobind Singh baptised him and he showed great valour during the battles ofAnandpur. t.Ifi')ff3' [gh;msut] n water, son ofcloud.-sdnama. 'l.Ifi'ilJ3' tRf [ghdnsut dhdr] n cloud.-s;mama. 'l.Ifi'ilJ3' tRf yfo 3"3" [ghansut dhar dhUnI tat an] n ghan-sutdhar (cloud) dhunI (roar or thunder), 3"'3" [tat] (father), his enemy arrow. Meghnad's father-Ravan. his enemy arrow. -s;mama.

[ghannsur] n sound like the thunder ofa cloud. "bahuro ghansyam ghanassur kE." -krIsan. l.lI'Ol:T.iJIH [ghan;;yam] n Krishan, who is darkcomplexioned like a cloud. 2 dark cloud. 3 See
~
UI"i'itJ"ij'

'Cil'fu.

nrnr

[ghanhar], UI~ [ghanhar] n cloud. "ghanhar ghor daso dISI barsE."-mdla dm 1. "jab unVE ghan ghanhare."-ndt dm 4. 'when dark clouds gather'. ~ [ghankdla] a metre, also known as eItrakala, characterised by four lines, each having sixty-three matras, first three pauses being after sixteen matras each, the fourth after fifteen matras, ending with 51. The first and the second pauses alliterate. Example: harI harI sImarahu agam apara, jIsu sImaratu dukh mItE hamara, han han satIgurupurakhu mIlavahu, gUrI mIlIE sukhu hoi ram ... -jet m 4. SUDI SUDI jiva SOI tumari, til pritam thakur atI bhari, tumre kartab tumhi jaDahu, tumri ot gupala jio .... -majhm5. 2 Its second form has fourth pause at the fourteenth matra, ending with two guru, the total number ofmatras being 62. Example: veki veld j;''it upae, dUI padi dUI rah calae, gur pure VIDU mukatI na hoi, saeenam japI laha he ... -maru solhe m 1. gurbal)i rId mahI basao, dharamkIrat kan ehako cha1}ao, de;; k::>m pE tanu dhanu varo, Ih gursIkkhi ritihE ...

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3 Its third form has fourth pause at the sound like that of a cloud. 3 Ravan's son, Meglmad. thirteenth matra, ending with ldghu guru, total number ofmatras being 61. l1fc'i'i'ITt!fo [ghan-nadanI] n gun that thunders like a c1oud.-sanama. Example: jo disE so eko tu hE, UlO foJ:ro [ghan nIsun] n who thunders like a bal).i teri sraval).I SUl).iE, cloud, Meghnad.-sanama. duji avaru na japasI kai, Ufi')tf~ [ghanpal] a varnIk metre; sagal tumari dharl).a ... "rupghanachri" on transformation into gaI:lIk -maru solhe m 5. metre is known as "ghanpal"; it is characterised in each lines by 32 characters parhda sa mE papa pani, as: SIS, 551, III, III, SIS, 151, SIS, III, 511, III, 5, I, (with 4 bahfda kur kapat di hatti, satIguru meri duvIdha katti, pauses after every 8 characters). narkahG pakar nIkalIa. Example: janto na at jfh, nIgam pural). ved, kothi adhi SUjhE nahi, gote khada maya mah!, har har :;;e:;;matI, pay na sakat jahI. satIguru sacce no salahi, kal hu ko kal aj, amar dyalu dey, canal). karI vekhalIa. pujto vnje:;;ahan, lay CIt hIt tahI... darhi teri nur jhamakkE, urofl:r;r [ghanpny] n peacock. 2 pied cuckoo. mattha bla vag tahakkE, ~t?' [ghanbud] n raindrop. "as ghanbUd pny :;;aran ten jam joh na sake, pny gungan h."-BGK. sevak ke rakhvaIIa. 1.II'7im1 [ghanras] n water. 2 camphor. sadhujan gurdarsan kita, 3 concentrated juice. dho carnamnt guru da pita, ~ [ghanvah] n wind, that carries away namdan guru pure dita, clouds. amrIt nam pIaIIa. UfOT [ghana] See Uf"<!T. -GV 6. ~ [ghanak:;;riJ, ~ [ghanachri] a metre, UlO ~ [ghan kodaq] n rainbow. See~. form of kabItt, marked by thirty-two UI'i'iutl:f [ghanghokh], ~ [ghanghor] n cloud's characters in each line, four pauses after eight roar or thunder. "ghanghor pritI mor."-m<Jla characters each ending with two laghu. m5. Example: (a) nIksat myan te hi, chata ghan myan te hi, 1.II'Otf [ghanaj] n water produced by a cloud. kaljih lah lah, hoyrahi hal hal. UI"i'i"tI'H [ghanajaj] n ghanaj (water), and the tree, lagE an gar gerE, dhar par dhar SIr, its son.-s<Jnama. 2 lotus. 1l/OFItffii'i' [ghanajdhar;m] n ghanaj (water), and dharat na dhir car6, cakk parE cal caL .. -GPS. its bearer-the c1oud.-sanama. tlfc'i3'T3' [ghantat] n water, cloud's son. "jayo . Instead of four pauses, this metre may have saphri ghantat bIna."-GV 6. two, each after sixteen characters: ~ [ghantal] Skt n pied cuckoo. 2 small tIh jan jacahu jagatr par janiatu, basur rayanI basu jako hItu nam SIU. cymbal. 3 See Ul7l. UfOc'i"t!' [ghan-nad] n cloud's thunder. 2 roaring param atitu parmesur kE rag I ragyo,

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basna te bahan pE dekhiatu dham SIU... - sClvEye m 5 ke. (b) Its second form is "rupghanak$ri", marked by thirty-two characters in each line, thilty-first character being long and thirty-second short, with two pauses after sixteen characters each. Example: abIcal TIdgar ujagar sagal jag, jahar jClhur jaha jotI hE jdbar jan. khaq.e hE pracaq. khar kharag kuva<;l dhare, khajar tuphag pOj karad knpan ban. sakti sarohi sEph sag jamdarh cakr, q.ha1e gan bha1e npu ghale chIprCl jag than. camkat caro or ghar rup kahka ko, badna karat kavI jar panI tahI than. -GPS. sapatI atot jako kacan raCI t kat, sOdar sarup kam kamIni karat rag. pak kare pavak pIlaI pani panipatJ:, seja race surpatI pawm buhare bag. jivan mngedr Ikk kartar sev bIn, is na bacaI sake kam ki jarat ago ka1 te TId <;lare 1ar mare take sis bEth, muchan pE puch pher cOc na svare kag. -sIka sudhasar. dekhkE pratap tap tapan ko mad hot, tarun haran tej ka1 kin chin chin. sasImukhi pIkbmi sOdri kuragnmi, suri nari k:rnri prabin lin bin bin.. jivan mngedr jako kacan raCIt garh, yuva jar ram bEr ravan se pin pin. $Iv se sahai bhai jake kubhkanan se, :rdrajit se suput bIke bq.i tin tin. -sIka sudhasClr. (c) Its third form is "ja1haraD" marked by thirtytwo characters in each line, two pauses after sixteen characters each, thirty-first character being short, thirty-second being long. Example: devan ke dham dhulI dhvasan kE dhenun ko,

dharadhar droh dhum dham blu dhak para. sahIb sujan phatesigh deg teg dhani, det j:> na bhratan so sis kar pOn hara. caro dIsa sidhu b abhav k mrayad brid, hidu uc nican me hoti Islami$ra. lop hoti $aram:> maram na pate dhir, bram pala to vyom dharam dhasato dhara.
-sIkkhiprabhaka~

(d) Its fourth form is devghanac$ri, marked by thirty-three characters in each I ine, three pauses after eight characters each and the fourth at the ninth, ending with a nagaD, III. Example: sigh jIm gajE sigh, senasfgh ghata aru, bijri jayo khagg uthE, tikhan camak camak.. ~ [ghanatkar] n ghan-atkar, wind that blows away clouds.-sClnama. ~ [ghananad] n ecstasy, spiritual pleasure. 2 the supreme Being. "ghananad ke bic samavE."-NP. "ghananad puran Iksar."-NP. UIfo [ghanI] the cloud (did). "glianr han barasI sagal jagu chaIa."-mClla m 5. 'having rained water. ' ~ [ghanrstL Uffopr [ghanrsth ] Skt ~ adj dense, concentrated, condensed. 2 close by, nearby. t.IfO't [ghani] See urit. "karaju saq.he tinr hath ghani ta paune carr."-s kabir. 'Three and a half cubits of land suffices generally, but at the most quarter to four cubits are needed for a grave. ~ [ghaniar] See ~. umw [ghanera], um~ [ghaneri] numerous. "bInasahI pap ghanere."-bIla m 5. "karasah audh ghaneri."-bhEr namdev. Here the pun implies cutting short ofPrahalad's life. urn- [ghanE] See~. [ghanEya] See ~ti{T. 2 a devout disciple of Guru Ramdas, Khullar by subcaste. 3 See

umw

~ti{T.

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[ghano] See~. his way to Deccan from Lali, Guru Gobind Singh stayed here. "pur ghamr;:Jda sunIyat ~ [ghanopal] Skt n a stone from the clouds; hailstone. jaha."--GPS. ~ [ghan;:Jla] a village situated to the east of UfHl'W [ghamakaJ, un-fq- [ghamakJ, un-fqr [ghamaka] n onom explosion. 2 jingle. Kiratpur at a distance of nine kohs from it. On "ghOghru ghamakat sajae bic gar ke."-GPS. his way to Nahan, Guru Gobind Singh stayed here. It falls under tehsil Ropar of district 3See~. Ambala and is located to the east of Ropar at 11Ilftrc! [gham3cakr] Skt ~cm; n sun. "ghamacakr cakra phIri ram dohi."-ramav. 'Ram's a distance ofsix miles. A small gurdwara exists there. command prevails as far as the chariot of the um;r ;:kt [ghamr jatta] a village under police sun moves.' station Dirhva, tehsil Bhavanigarh, district t1ll-f1J [ghamaQ] n arrogance, pride. Sunam ofPatiala state. Close by, to its north- ~ [ghamaQc;xl] Katoch chieftain ofKangra who is mentioned in the battle of Anandpur west is a gurdwara of Guru Hargobind and several times. Guru Teg Bahadur. A hall is there and the priest is a Singh. There is no title ofland assigned to ~ [ghamaqItJ, uaM [ghamaqi] adjarrogant, this gurdwara. proud. "ral).maQ udaQ ghamaQItcaQ."-NP. It is located to the north-east of Nabha urn [ghar] or urg [gharu] n house, place of residence. "ghar mahI sukh bahan phunI railway station. Approximately twenty-two sukha."-asam5.2 body, physique. "gharmahI miles ofthe road is metalled but beyond that it pac varatde."-asa am 3. 'Five perversions is unmetalled. such as sex operate in the body.' 3 a shastar, [ghanhrya] dark as a cloud, Krishan. 2 See which includes principles of some religion. ~w. "chIa ghar chIa gur chIa updes."-sohIla. ~lifi' tit fl.fmor [ghanhEya di mIsal] See ~lifi' See ~ and f's"r ~Ff. 4 status, rank. "so tit fl.n:m. ~ [ghab] See urg. gharu gun nanak kau dia."-gau m 5. 'The status was bestowed by the Creator upon Guru ~ [ghabraul).a] v be baffled; be confused. Nanak.' 5 according to Gurmat Sangeet ghar ~ [ghabrahat] n perturbation, anxiety. ~ [ghabakJ, l.lfElW [ghabaka] n onom sound has two meanings. One is 31?? [tal] and the other is ~G [svar] and, after differentiating produced by turning a stick etc. in water or by modulations in a scale, various types ofsinging stabbing such a tender place as the abdomen. "ghagardi ghabak." -c~c;ii 2. of a rag. One to seventeen ghars are Uijf [ghabu] n household goods. "dIhu divi mentioned in Guru Grarith Sahib. This gives an indication to the singer that a particular 3dhghor ghabu muhair." -suhi amI. hymn has to be sung according to a specific ~ [ghabudabu] household goods. See B"g. ghar of a rag l . 6 mind, heart, conscience. "ghar 1IIH [gham] See UIOH. bhitan gharu guru dIkhaIa."-sor amI. ~ [gham3al).], UfHFIT?i" [ghamsan] n battle. 2 fierce fight. 3 brawl, riot. I It is a matter ofregret that religious singers have forgotten UI1-f'{ [ghamak], U/1-fWQ [ghamkar] n explosion. the ghdrs (svdrprdstar) of rags which Guru Arjan Dev ~ [ghamr;:Jda] a village in Rajputana. On had mentioned in Guru Granth Sahib.

urn-

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7 wife, consort, better ha~f. "ghar ka masu affairs. See URfwcm. "mere ram! tOrI badhan cagera."-m 5 var mala. 8 major organs and maIa, ghar kE kamI ham laI."-gau m 4. "so nerves ofthe body. "bahatar:[ ghar Ikupurakhu ghar kE kamI han laIa."-gaum4. samaIa."-suhi kabir. 9 a verse. "das dUI tlf6l:fi') [gharkhan] See llRTFIO. "dukh the ju jIte laghu vas ghar ghar."-rupdip. 'Tht~re should sabh hi gharkhe."-krrsan. 'All the troubles be twelve laghus, per line.' 10 family, dynasty. were over.' "uh admi vaQe ghar da he "--prov. 11 house in uraifi [gharkhou] adj destroyer of a family or a horoscope "us de tije ghar bahut cage grah household. pae han." -provo 12 See Uf;:R>T. "ketak anahI ~ [ghargehal)I] n wife. "purablo knt tal najike. ko ghar ghar lavat hE nike." karam na mItE Ii ghargehal)I !"-dhana -GPS. 'fix after shaping.' trrlocan. ~ [ghar-uea] n that which resides in the ~ [ghargola] n children of a household sky, cloud. See If'tJT Ufij" and ~. slave. "kan kupa kine ghargole."-maru solhe 1lffiIfa" [ghar-an] n horse's e:nemy, lion. "ghar- mI. arI nadanI ad I kahI."-sal1ama. 'gun.' 'l.lfa'UI'aT [gharghara] a river in UP which takes 1IRmO [gharsan] Skt ~ n friction, rubbing. its origin from Kumaon and merges with Sarju. 2 dragging. Gogra. ~ [gharhai] adj destroyer of a household. ~ [gharghalakJ adj destroyer of a family "jhagaru karE gharhai." -geJU kabir. See ~. or household. urefu [gharahI] within the family or household. URI' U/Tffi"iT [ghar ghalna] n ruin a family or "abhE nIrajanu gharahI laha."-savE'ye m 4 ke. household. See~. URl'WCl"if [ghar ka kaj], URl'wcm [ghar lea kam] tIRI'fc!' [gharal)I], URlit [gharl)i] Skt~. n wife, n one's own work, personal work; virtuous wedded woman, consort, better half. deed, leading to salvation. "ghar ka kaju TId jal)i ~ [ghardar], ~ [ghardvar] n house and rura."-suhi m 5. See URf '& offi.r. portico i.e. houses of ordinary people and a 'llRr W H'Ff [ghar ka mas] n wife. "ghar ka mas king's palace. "ghardarphInthaki bahutere." cagera."-var mala m 1. -oakar. 'has gone through births in high and URI' eft GffiJfo [ghar ki gihanI], URI' eft('JTfij- [ghar low places.' ki nan] wife, married woman. "ghar ki gihanI ~ [ghardibal)u] n audience hall. 2 court chamber. "satIguru mera ghardibal).u."-bhE'r cagi."-dhana dh{}na. "ghar ki nan bahut hIt ja SIu."-sor m 9. m5. URI' eft ft:rm [ghar ki bIlai] See })f[J}-f ;r~' and URJOT [gharna] v create, organise. "ISU pani te jIn tu ghana."-ram am 3 ljW. URI' cl ~ eft icft orfc!' [ghar ke jathere ki etiki URJO't [gharni] See ~ and URlit. kal)I]-asa m 5. 'no longer afraid of the god of 1lRfO'b:r [gharnis], llRJ'?lR- [gharnes] n lord ofthe death.' household. "sobha sabh bhai man maddh -URI' cl ~ [ghar ke dev] n famJily deity. "ghar ke gharnis ko."-krrsan. 2 queen. dev pItar ki choQi gur ko sabadu laIo."-brla URJa"'a' [gharbar] n house and household material. kabir. 2 elders such as parents. household property. "grrhi jogi tajIgae URI' offi.f [ghar kE kamI] in one's household gharbar."-brla m 5.

a-

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~ [gharbari] ad) householder. "IkI udasi

IkI gharbari."~maru solhe m 5. "gharbari gursIkkh hUI."-BG. ~ [gharbaru] See ~. URI' ~ ctr [ghar balu ka] n house of sand, i.e, perishable body and worldly goods. URI' mfu urg [ghar bhitan gharu] residence within a house. 2 soul's presence within the body. "ghar bhitan gharu guru dIkhaIa."~sor amI. URJ}f [gharam] Skt un-f n sunshine. 2 sweat, perspiration. 3 summer. 4 per etymology such substances as clarified butter, milk etc. which are heated and drunk during an oblation. UffiHtJ7'5' [gharmahal] n time of stay. 2 time of stay, residence. URI' H~ [ghar m;'idar] ordinary house and palace. 2 house and town. "ghar madar khusia tahi."-var gau 2 m 5. See l-ft!O and H'fu'a'. tIfaO [gharar] See ~ and~. t.lRI'ftr [gharan] adv having closely rubbed and cropped (hair). "bhaVE Iabe kes kan bhavE gharan muQaI. "-s kabir. 'whether have matted hair or become a closely shaved ascetic. ' ~ [gharvasu] n state of mind, steadfast in the body. "bInu han kIU gharvasu?"~sri mI. 2 mating with a woman; cohabitation. "khusre kIa gharvas?"-var ma)h m 1. 3 residing in the house. ~ [gharval] a caste of the Rajputs. ~ [gharvaIal, ~ [gharvalil n spouse, master, mistress of the house. l.lfij';j'" [gharar] half-churned curd. 2 See URS7JT. ~ [ghararna] v crop closely, scrape. URJft:r [ghararI] adv having closely cropped, having scraped. See UfOfu. ~ [gharau] ad) of or relating to the household. 2 See ~. 3 See URJl!J. ~ [gharahu] from the house. "haumE mui

gharahu."--sri m 1. 'from the heart.' [gharat] Skt ~ n flourmill, especially a watermill. ~ [gharal,la], tl/QW [gharana] n family, house, line. 2 ad)of or relating to a house or a family. ~ [gharaval] n big gong; a musical instrument shaped like a baking plate made of a metal, such as bronze. "bahu bajahI gharaval nad;'i."-GPS. urfu [ghan] within the house: "ghan bahan tera bharvasa."-dhana m 5. "pIr ghan SohE nan."-dhana chi'itm 1. 2 in the body. "pfQI mm jiu kIh ghan jata?"-gau kabir. 11I'fawa' [ghanar] See ~. ~ [ghanari] n one who strikes a gong; timekeeper. ~ [ghanaval], ~ [ghanyar] See ~. "ghanaval bajat thankara."-GPS. ~ [gharyari] See l.lffuRft. "jab ghanyari ghari bajavE."--CarItr 246. ~ [ghanvasu] stay at home. "sasu buri ghanvasu na devE. "-asa m 1. 'Ignorance does not let self-realisation grow.' 2 See~. t.lRft [ghari] n a while. "adhi ghan adhi hu te adh."- s kabir. 2 small earthen pitcher. 3 in the house. "ete jia jacE hahI ghari."-mala
Ufa'TG

namdev.

[gharia] for just a while. "ramnam bInu gharia na jivau."-asa namdev. [a] is a suffix means a small quantity. URftnrr [gharia] n goldsmith's crucible. 2 ad) fabricator. ~ [gharial] See UIfuR;s-. URib-ftar [gharimik] a while. See ~. urg [gharu] See URI'. "gharu laskaru sabhu tera."
-sorm 5.

[gharu mahalu] See ~. "gharu mahalu na kab-hu paIda."-maru solhe m 3. lJIWW [gharual n house, residence. "balua ke

urg~

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gharua mahI baste."-keda kdbir. 'The sandhouse means the body.' ~ [gharelul adj ofor pertaining to the house. 2 domestic. uffi" [ghan:] of the house. "ghar ;'idan sabhu vathu h."-asa m 3.2 of the house, within the house. "ghar ;'idan ko gharu pae."-maru solhe m 3.3 gives shape to. "'ghar itIka prem samet."-GPS. ~ [ghah).al v send. "apI han ghalE." -var maru 1 m 3. 2 See llfT(?(!T. ~ [ghallkalii] This village is located to the west of railway station Ghall Kalan at a distance of half a mile. It falls und,er police station and tehsil Moga in district Ferozepur. Close by to the north-east is a gurdwara of Guru Hargobind, who visited this place on his way to Darauli. A hall is built. Ten ghumaons of land are assigned to it by the village. ufW [ghalla] This village is located in tehsil Samrala of district Ludhiana. A gurdwara of Guru Gobind Singh exists at this place. ~ [ghallughara] destruction, annihilation, devastation. 2 The battle which was fought on 2 nd Jeth Sammat 1803 between Lakhpat Rai and the Khalsa near the pond ofKanuwan is known as Chhota Ghallughara and the one fought on 28 th Magh Sammat 1818 with Ahmad Shah Durrani, near Raipur Gujjarwal at Kupparhirhe is called Vadda Ghallughara in Sikh history. About fifteen to twenty thousand Singhs and approximately the same number of Durranies were killed in it. UlWit [ghavfc;li] a village of Sikh landlords. It is situated near police station Barqi in district Lahore. To its south-west at a distance ofabout half-a-mile, there stands a gurdwara of Guru Nanak Dev. He reached here from Jahman. Some scholars have mentioned it as Lahurha Sahib because a lahura (cardymyxa) tree then

existed there, under which the Guru seated himself. A traders' colony was there. A son was born to a trader, so everyone was busy in making merriment. Bhai Mardana said "0 Lord! I have been hungry for two days. If you permit I may go to visit the village and have my meals." The Guru permitted him to go with the warning that he should not beg meals. Mardana sat for some time at the traders' door, but they were so engrossed in merrymaking that nobody paid any attention to him. It so happened that the boy died and they started crying and wailing. The Guru advised them to surrender to the Almighty's will and recited a shabad in Sri Rag under the title "pahre". There is a small gurdwara there, where Guru Granth Sahib is kept. Twenty bighas of land are assigned to the gurdwara. A fair is held on the I Dth of the Shradhs. It is located to the south-west of Jalia railway station at a distance of eleven miles. ~ [ghaveri] n circle. 2 vertigo, dizziness, giddiness. 3 fragrance. "phulel ghaveri."-BG. Uf3" [ghar] n banana. 2 See 1.lf3?iT. 3 pitcher. U/33" [gharat] n composition, texture, manufacture. ~ [gharthalil n pitcher stand. 2 place where water is served free. "sapat samudar jac gharthali."- m;:Jla namdev. USOT [gharnal v create, give shape to; compose. "ghari sabadu saci taksal."-japu. 2 sculpt; scrape. UfaT [gharal n pitcher. "k;'idhI kuhara SIfI ghara."-s fdrid. UIfu' [gharIl advhaving sculpted. "ghap bhac;le jInI avi saji."-asa Pdti m 1. ~ [ghapal1 n clock. 2 flat round plate made of metal such as bronze, which is struck in temples. 3 Skt'1fiJcCfl alligator. ~ ~ [ghapal bOgal a tower at the

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threshold of Harimandar, Amritsar, where a clock chimes to tell time. ~ [gharIaliJ, ~ [gharIalia] one whose job is to strike a metal gong to indicate time; timekeeper. ~ [ghanalu] See~. 2 See ~ 3. ur;ft [ghari]l n unit oftime spanning 24 minutes. See ~. "ek ghari adhi ghari."-s kabir. See ~usT. 2 small pitcher. "laju ghari SIU tutIpari."-gau kabir. 'Human body is a small pitcher, while rope is the age.' 3 mechanism such as a watch or clock etc. to measure time. Initially ancient scholars made sundial and clepsydra in India. These find mention in such ancient Sanskrit texts of astronomy as Goladhyay etc. Sandglass and other mechanical clocks, time pieces and pocketwatches using metallic discs of brass and iron and employing springs are inventions of the foreigners. History is witness to the fact that the first time-measuring mechanism was invented by a German, Henry de Wyck, in 1379 AD who presented the same to Charles V king of France in Paris. Several improvements have since been made in it over a period of time, but most commendable modifications were carried out by Huygens in 1657, Hooke in 1666, Graham in 1715 and Harrison in 1726. Now three types of watches are in vogue i.e pocket watches 2 , wall clocks and tower clocks. All these need to be wound daily or after two days with a key. The spring thus
l"TflRt ~~: ~: -.:r-~ cr~'f1T ~-jyotI(>.
Time taken in pronouncing 10 guru characters is equivalent to one breath. Six breaths make a p;J] and sixty pals in turn make a ghari. 2The first ever pocket watch was invented by Pcter Holc, a craftsman ofNurunberg-Bavaria during thc middle of the fifteenth century.

wound which Imparts movement to discs slowly becomes loose and gets totally unwound. The unwound spring is w0und once again. Now-a-days countless locks run on electricity. The largest of all the clocks are located on the clock tower of Parliament House and on the wall of Crystal Palace in London. Some people are of the opinion that the clock on Colgate Factory in New York (America) is the largest in the world. The tower of Parliament House (London) has 360 steps and on the top ofthese, is installed a clock named Big Ben. It was installed about fifty-five years ago. Its gigantic size can only be judged by actually seeing it. It has four dials. The diameter of each dial is twenty-three feet. Its minute hands are 14 feet long. Its pendulum weighs 450 pounds and each digit is two feet long. Gaps between minutes are one foot squares. Its gong weighs twenty-three and a halftons and the hammer with which it is struck also weighs two maunds. It is wound thrice a week and it takes five hours to wind it. Last year (in 1927 AD) a marvellous clock, known as the eighth wonder of the world, was manufactured in Vienna~the capital ofAustria. It is a musical clock. It was got ready in sixteen years. Statues oftwelve famous kings of European history are concealed in it in such a way that when an hour is struck a particular statue appears and remains there for full one hour, during which time a particular tune plays continuously. New inventions by skilled craftsmen have revolutionized the watch industry as is evident from the watches of today. ~ [gharial] a devotee of Guru Arjan Dev, who was a silk worker. 2 adj craftsman. ~ [gharial], ~ [gharialul See~.

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"gharial jIu qukhi n:.QI vIhaI."---s [arid. "darvajE jaIkE kw qItho gharialu."--s [,Hid. ~~ [gharualo] Dg pitcher. "jJ:U akaSE gharualo mrIgtrIsna bhdrIa."~gujnamdev. 'a pitcher located in the sky, filled with water of mirage.' See~. ~ [gharuka] another name of Ghatotkach. See ur~. "macyo yuddh jayo karan s;}g5 gharuke."- narsfgh. uSer [gharota], uSw [gharola] n pitcher. 2 small pitcher. uS-m [ghar5ci], uSI=it [ghar5ji] pitcher stand. U[T [gha] short for ghatak. 2 short for 'ghah (grass)'. 3 direction. "Mu It ghumat prem Chdki, atI ghorat hE uh gha ghan karo."'-aspho. 4 short for ~ (wound). uP' [gha] n side direction. "rah lag duhu gha te hoyo."-NP. 'The ceremony of giving fees to the menials, was performed by both the sidles.' "gae uh gha nIkar." -rvdr. 'Arrows went over to the other side. "pherat hE gur ke chaM ghai."~ GV 10. ~ [ghau] n wound, injury. "nahI ghau katara kan sakE."--sri mI. 2 attack, injury, stroke. "parIo nisanE ghau."--maru kabir. 'The weapon hit the target.' urrfu [ghaI] See~. 2 adv having murdered, after killing "brahma.Qu naVE jia ghaI."-dhana mI. 1lf1fuor [ghaIk] adjlethal, killing. ~ [ghaIl] adj injured, wounded, hurt. uret [ghai] See urtit. 2 wounded. See Ulr(J. tIIt [ghai] See lifT. UfTFf [ghas] Skt n grass. 2 trace leflt due to attrition, corn. "dhanukhghas In sabh-lnn hath."-GPS. Uf"R' lj'ij' ~ [ghas ml1h lE.Qa] See UfTiJ- Jj'ij' futr
E~.

'UfI1ft [ghasi] n line produced due to friction;

abrasion, drag. 2 convention. 3 grass cutter,

hay cutter. "je raj bahale til. hangulam, ghasi kau hannam kaqhai."-gau m 4.4 Skt god of fire. ~ [ghasidas] See ~. U[T'ij' [ghah] See Uf"R' 1. "siha baja carga kuhia ena khavale ghah."-var majh mI. U[T'ij' 'li'ij' fVtJ '5(!T [ghah ml1h VICC lE.Qa] v . accept subordination; show oneself as very submissive; be ready to serve like an animal. t.lfTtit [ghahi] See UfTFft 3. urry [ghahu] See UfTfr and Uf'(J. 2 worthless; insignificant. "naddrI upthi je kare sultana ghahu karaIda."-var asa. urrctt [ghaki] adj (she) who kills, woman assassin. "sma dn ghaki."-52 poets. UI"'"al'QT [ghagra] See l;lIUffiT. urraJT [ghaga] n circumference, circle, sphere. urur [ghagh] a sagacious scholar of Kanauj; renowned for statements regarding astrological influences. He was born in 1696 AD. 2 wise, sagacious. 3 clever, smart. UfTURJI' [ghaghra], ~ [ghaghIro] See UjUfijT. "pardesi kE ghaghrE cahu dISI lagi agI."-s kabir. Here llfTURJT stands for the body, and soul's robe is on fire from all around. urrc [ghat] or lIP? [ghatu] n composition. "gha~ gharat bhayo svaran ko."-C<~rItr 70. 2 Skt water channel. "g5g jamun ke atre sahaj sun ke ghat."-s kabir. Here, Ganga Jamuna stand for the right (Ira) and left (pfgla) vessels of the body running from the loins to the head. 3 way, path. "ape guru, cela hE ape, ape dase ghatu."- var guj 1 m 3. 4 concept, idea. "tal madi re ghat ke ghat." -asa m 1. 5 place. "nanak ke prabhu ghatI ghate ghatI han ghat."-kan m 4 pdrtal. 6 adj wanting, less, inferior. "ghat na kIn hi kahaIa."-sri am 5. 7 See llfTO. l.\flGT [ghata] n shortage, lack. 2 hilly track, way; valley. "ghata roklehu dIn thaqhe."-GPS.

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3 See llfTOT. upfc [ghatI] in the way. "jau n;:l j;:lm kE ghatI." -mala m 5. 2 n shortage, lack. See ~. ura- [ghati] n fine coarse cotton cloth. 2 hilly path; mountain pass. "ghati C;:lr;:lt bEl Iku thaka."-gaukabir. 'Sin embodied as an ox has upon God's dictum halted on the difficult task oftrudging the spiritual journey. , urrif [ghatia] in mountain passes, in valleys. See tltlMt'l13. 1lfI? [ghatu] See Uf'C. ~ Uf'C [ghate ghat] advon one's way; en route. 2 on every route. 3 nothing but loss. "bInu guru ghate ghat."-SIdhgosatI. ur2" [ghatEl decreases, becomes less. "manu m;:lh;:ltu j;:lSU ghatE."- guj m 5. uR [gha to] See UflCT. U/TO [ghath] Skt ~ n scraped and roasted barley. llfTOT [ghatha] n thickened extract of roasted and boiled barley. urrc5" [ghatho] n loss. 2 misfortune; trouble. "tat bh;:lyo j;:lb ghatho."-knsan. 'when Brahma was in trouble.' UlTc!" [ghaI;l] n thickened mixture of earth and water made for plastering. 2 quantity of oil seeds that can be put into an oil press in one lot. 3 battle, war. "IS ka bap muyo VIC ghaI;l." -PPP. 4 adjtotal, in toto, whole. tlP"fc!" [ghaI;lIJ, urit [ghaI;li] n See llfl(f 4. "S;:lblu rog g;:lvae dukha ghaI;lI. "-var sor m 4. 2 feminine of ghaI;l. See llfl(f 2. "Iekha dh;:lr;:lm bh;:lIa tIlu pire ghuI;li."-bIha chat m 5.3 See llfl(f I. "r;:lI;l VIC gh;:ltti ghaI;li lohu mfj di." -cac;fi 3. 4 S misfortune; trouble. "l.If'<!t tfufor [ghaI;li pirna] v torment a lot, inflict much pain, squeeze as if in an oil press, annihilate. 2 give up the essential in favour of the inessential. "ghaI;li pirte S;:ltIgur lie ch;:lQaI."---s kdbir. 'Oilmen give oil to the

master and keep the residue kh;:ll that is inessential. ' UfT"3" [ghat] Skt n attack, injury. 2 arrow. 3 murder, assassination. "k;:lrE su ghat ghat ko paI."-GPS. 4 ambush, trap, suitable time. "ES ghat phu hath n;:l EhE."-VN. ~ [ghat;:lkl, UfT3Cft [ghatki], ~ [ghatIk], UIT3t [ghati] adjmurderer, killer. l.lP3Pw [ghatial, ~ [ghatuk] adjwho murders. 2 deceiver; trickster. urH [gham], uriH [ghamJ, UfT}{T [ghama], UfTJj" [ghamu] Skt -qn:f n heat, warmth. "cad;:ln cad n;:l s;:lr;:ld rutI mul n;:l mIt;:li gham."-var jEt. 2 sunshine; heat. "jEse tapte num;:ll ghama. tEse ramnam bInu bapuro nama."- g5c;f. 'Just as a clear day becomes hot, so does one get haughty without God's name.' 3 perspiration, sweat. UfTlif [ghay] See urre. 2 wound. UI"'"l:iI"M" [ghay;:ll] See urrfuM". 1.If'O [ghar] n mark left by erosion ofsoil caused by the flow of water. 2 This word has also been used for gh;:lr. "tIte ghar ghale." -cac;fi 2. 'has destroyed the same number of houses.' 3 a disease .1)or' giddiness. It leads to vertigo and one loses vision temporarily. There are numerous reasons for it like impurity of blood, stomach's debility, constipation, overindulgence in sex, excessive use of intoxicants, presence of heart and renal diseases, excessive discharge of menses and breastfeeding for too long etc. The best treatment for this disease is to keep intestines clean, not to withold faecal matter and to keep stomach free of pollution. Light food and fresh fruit should be taken. Taking of nine mashas of ground white sandal wood in rose water, grinding of coriander seeds in rose water, mixing it with honey and licking it, taking preserved jam of

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furur

emblic myrobalan with silver-leaf stuck to it and drinking syrup of pumpkin seeds are useful for its treatment. ~ [ghari] n leak developed in the masonry of overground embankment of at well. It is caused by the pressure ofthe surrounding water against the weakened masonry. 2 cattle-shed. 3 See ~. 4 adjmurderer, assassin. "med esl)i adr ueri. ghari at sabad kahu dhari."-':'sanama. 'lft:r [medal (earth), [i$] (king), his army, its destroyer ~ [ghariJ, the gun. ~ [gha1] n See ~. 2 service; attendance. "gha1 sral)ap ukatr na meri."-ram a m 5. 3 labour, hardwork. "sadh kE sagr nahr kaehu gha1." -sukl1m;mi. 4 performance, accomplishment. "pahuer na sakau tumri gha1."-bIla m 5. 5 destruction, murder. 6 water put into milk before boiling, slop. ~ [gha1;Olk] adjdestroyer. 2 motivator. "sarab paJak sarab gha1ak sdrab ko pun kal."--japu. 3 one who pours, pourer. 4 sender. UfTffi!T [gha1:r:la] v send. "mat gha1ahu jam ki khabri."-bIla kabir. 2 destory, ruin. "apr gae auran hl1 gha1ahr."-gau kabir. 3 work hard. "kai kotr gha1ahr thakrpahr."-sukl1m;mi. 4 attack, invade. "rs turavahu gha1ahu satr."-gSc;l kabir. 5 pour; mix. "jrs ka sa trsu gha1l)a. "-mam solhe m 5. 6 n accomplishment. "rhu bhagta ki gha1I)a."-mam solhe 111 5. ~ [ghaIat] works hard. "an jajarbrrtha sram gha1at."-sar m 5.2 sends 3 destroys. 4 pours, mIxes. U/T1?c'i1' [gha1na] See ~. urrft;; [ghalr] having performed hard labour. "ghalr khar krehu hathahu der."-var sal' m 1. 2 having put, having poured. ~ [ghalro] destroyed, ruined. "bucji! ghar ghalro."- dhdna chJt m 1. 2 sent, despatehed. 3 put, mixed. ~ [gha1ronu] he has destroyed; has swept

it away. "ape raeanu raear ape hi ghalronu." -val' sal' m 4. 2 has put, has mixed. 3 he has earned it. 'l1f1'fHnfr [ghalra] served, achieved. "tera gha1ra sabh thar pai."-gSc;l m 4.2 See urfu"". ~ [gha1rk] See ~. up'ffi [ghali] for service. "so kam suhe1a jo teri gha1i."-majl1 ill 5. 2 See ~. 3 poured, mixed. 4 sent, despatched. 5 one who renders servIce. urrffirQ [ghalianu] are put. 2 made effort; served. "ape sev ghalianu."-var sri m 4. ~ [gha1] serves. 2 puts, mixes. "hamri bhumr kaUl.)u ghal pr?"-gdu m 5.3 achieves, accomplishes. "gha1 sevak je ghalE."-asa pati m 1. 4 develops, cultivates. "par nari SIU gha1 dhadha."-bl1Er namdev. ~ [ghav] See ~. ~ [ghavrrya], ~ [ghavria] one who treats wounds; surgeon. "pahueyo ghavrrya ke ghar me."- vIcarsagar. UfI'33" [gharatJ, ~ [gharatr] See US3". "gharat trs ki apar apar."-var ram 1 m 1. ~ [gharu] adj fabricator. ~ [ghru], fUIr [gIna] Skt n clarified butter. "ghru mda khal)."-var ram 3. "ghra pat bhaqa kah na kor."-tI1Jg m 1. 'Nobody calls clarified butter and silk polluted.' ~ [ghraqa] n vessel for keeping clarified butter. fUI>m;ft [ghrali] adjmixed with clarified butter. "ras amrrt khir ghrali."-var ram 3. fUrfe [ghIdr] 11 clarified butter. 2 adv with clarified butter. "trw ghr-r hom jag sad puja." -val' majh m 1. fUm"aor [ghrsarna] v move by dragging oneself. "bthyo ghrsar ghrsar kar ealahr."-GPS. 'f1.tnpw [ghrsua] 11 smouldering wood, ember. "ghrsua janu pherat hi": 1arka."-krIsan. furur [ghrgh] 11 humility, submissiveness.

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2 confusion, impatience. "ghIghkE sri guru nam ucara."-NP. ~ [ghIghIaUl).a], ~ [ghIghIana] v beg humbly; supplicate abjectly (with the lower lip drooping to plead in all submission). "VI nay kxr glughIaIkt:."-guru sobha. ~ [ghII).], ~ [ghIl.).a] Skt~ condemnation, censure. 2 kindness, compassion. 3 nausea, dislike. fur~ [ghIl).aVl).a] adj contemptible nauseating. 2 condemnable. ~ [ghIl).aVl).e] with condemnation. "na ill aVdhI vaSI bdhut ghIl).aVl).e. "-var ram 2 m 5. 2 plural of ghIl).aVl).a. fhr3r [gluta] Skt ~ adj acquired. 2 obtained, received. "kIU vapr ghIta?"-var ram 2 m 5. 'how to obtain?' furtrr [ghIdha], furrrl [ghIdhi] acquired, obtained. 2 S purchased, SkI ctB. "mulI TId ghIdha, mrku sdtIgur dIta."-var ram 2 m 5. 3 accepted, acknowledged. "bah pdkafI thakur hau glndhi."--:it cMt m 5. fUm [ghm] See fhrc:. 2 See Mn. ~ [ghInl).aJ, ~ [ghIndl).u] S v utter or say. "kIa kIa ghfna tera nau ji."-suhi m 1 kucaji. 2 purchase, buy. "sasat vdkharu tu ghfnahI nahi."-asa m 5. "khabh vIkadre je Idha ghfna savi tolI."-sava m 5. See Mn vr. fUrora" [ghInar] variant form of gIrInar. See ~. 2 adj abhorrent. fUl'o [ghmn] SkI ~ vr take; hold. fURr [ghIr] n circle, round. 2 house, abode. ~ [ghirl).al v be encircled. 2 feel giddy, experience dizziness. Skt~. fUIm [ghIrl).i] n pulley, wheel, spindle. 2 a top for spinning cotton. 3 giddiness, dizziness. ~ [ghIrat], ~ [ghIratul Skt'fJ n clarified butter. "p;'ljva pdIa ghIrdtu."-Var asa. fur~ [ghrria] adj encircled. "bIkhna

gluria."--suhi m 5 partal. 'engrossed in evil deeds. ' uit [ghi], ~ [ghiu], uftr [ghIa] n clarified butter. "dal sidha magau ghiu."-dhana dh5na. uitnr' [ghia] clarified butter. "sdgal dudh mahI ghia."-sor m 5. 2 pumpkin with pulp like clarified butter. uitR" [ghis] n trace left as a result of dragging something. "gahI gOQdn te tab ghis dayo." -kr.rsan. "ghisdt ghisdt ukhdldhI kanh udharat sadhu."-kr.rsaIl. 2 bandicoot rat. It is bigger than the common rat. "ghis gdldure lIavr."-asa kdbir. See ~. ufu:ror [ghisna] See ~. ufu:r [ghij] Skt ~ adj worthy of acquiring; worth adopting. "hdrI bhagti dsnehu gurmukhI ghijai."-var mala m 1. tg [ghu] Skt vr produce a sound. tgll [ghus] n entry, penetration. 2 Skt ~ vr produce sound, praise, proclaim, murder. 19'R'<!T [ghusl).a] venter, penetrate. 2 forget; miss. "satIgur ki gdl).tr ghusir, dukhedukhI vIhaI."-var gau 1 m 3. tg"flQ [ghusdr] n a word that is not clear; whisper. 2 See 19ffil?iT. tgmI"i'iT [ghusdrna], ~ [ghusdrnal venter, penetrate. "bdhIjaI ghUSdrI bdgulare."-var gau 1 m 4. 'Hypocritical cranes forcibly get into the assembly of swans.' ~ [ghusaul).a] n cause to penetrate, drive into. 2 cause to forget. 3 stave off. "avdtvdkhdt ghusavdt nahi."-NP. lY'fi:r [ghuSI] having entered, having penetrated. See 19mrnr. ~ [ghuserna] v push into, penetrate. lff~ [ghukkevali] a village which falls under police station and tehsil Ajnala of district Amritsar. It is located to the north ofAmritsar railway station, at a distance of fifteen miles. Upto Raja Sansi, the road is metalled, the

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remaining four miles is a kaeea road. There jIU."~ sri m 5 pEpaI. 'The village is densely are two gurdwaras in it, which previously were populated' i.e. residents live in full peace and in village Sahinsre. comfort. 2 n guttural sound. (I) Guru kaBagh. The devout congregation ~ [ghUghei] See lifClTtft. of Sahinsre had brought Guru Arjan Dev to tYurc [ghGghat] See lifOiC. this village with great reverence. He stayed ~'UIG 11~~ [ghOghat kholhl).a], ~urc wg~ there for some days. A magnificient hall is in [ghGghat lahul).a] v abandon modesty. 2 be place. It was got constructed by Maharaja shameless. See ~. Ranjit Singh. One hundred ghumaollS ofland ~ [ghUghal).i] n grams boiled in water. are assigned to the gurdwara. There is a garden tY~Uf [ghOghl).Iasfgh] When Guru in it. This was got planted by Guru Teg Gobind Singh camped at village Bhagte Bahadur. Formerly it was known as "Guru Ki (Faridkot state), a devotee came along with Raurh". A fair is held here on full moon night his son, who carried boiled grams on his head. and new moon night. It was at this place that When the Guru enquired about the name of cutting of wood for community kitchen led to his son, he replied that as yet no name had a prolonged dispute. Shiromani Gurdwara been given to him. The Guru baptised him and Prabandhak Committee had to launch a gave him the name Ghungania Singh. mammoth agitation on 12 th of August 1922, tgllI'i'iT [ghughna] dense. 2 like an owl. "man that ended on 17 th November 1922 AD.I magan bhramat ghughna."-savEye sri (2) To the south of the viI/age at a distance mukhvakm5. of about two furlongs, there is a gurdwara of ~ [ghUghar] n curl, coil. 2 small bell. "dhuna ghUghral).a."- VN. Guru Teg Bahadur. On his way from Valla, he stayed here for some days. It is from here ~~ [ghOghrar] SI~e ~UIW(? 2 adj curly, that he ordered the religious congregation to coiled, twisted. plant a garden at Guru Ki Raurh. ~ [ghUghrara] adj curly. tyOT [ghug] See ~ur. ~ [ghOghral] an ornament with lots oftiny ~ [ghUgei] n black bird, black seed. bells attached to it. tYa1c [ghUgat] Skt ~oo act of drawing veil ~ [ghGghrala] curly. 2 See lif~. over the face. 2 veil which hides the face. ~ [ghUghru] small bell. "ghughru vajr je ~ [ghUgl).i] See lifUlit. manu lagE."-asa ill 1. 'Only if the mind could ~ [ghGgrar] See lif~. get in unison with the rhythm, as the tiny bell tYORJTQT [ghOgrara] adj curly, coiled. "be rings during a dance.' ghUgrara."-ramav. 2 having tiny bells. 19fUr [ghughI], ~~ [ghughu] See~. ~ [ghUgral] See lif~. ~ [ghughu] Skt n owl. "ghughu sujh na sujhai."-BG. 'The owl cannot see the sun.' ~ [ghUgru] See lifUf2. ~ [ghUgg] See ~ur. tYlY.' [ghUghra] See tifURf. ~ [ghGgi] n dove. tyG [ghutl Skt:;c, vr return, murder, stop, protect. 2 n such quantity of water, milk etc. as can be 1YUf [ghUgh] adj dense. "vutha ghugh gIrau th gulped at a time; a gulp. 3 See lifcc:r. "te sakat lin all 5,605 Sikhs were arrested from 12 ofAugust to nar jamI ghutiE."~ gau m 4. 17 th of November, 1922. See crr~YifTOT"If: 3.

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[ghutDa], lY"Z"(')T [ghutna] v compress, press. 2 n knee. ~ [ghutai] n act of grinding. 2 wages for grinding. tgfG [ghutI] having compressed. "ghutI ghutI jia khavDe."-suhi m 1. l!f?OT [ghutunna] n dress to cover the knees; pyjamas. ~ [ghutua] advon the knees. "kanah cale ghutua ghar bhitar."-krIs~m. lif~ [ghuttDa] compression. See tyC<!T 1. ~ [ghutti] n a medicine given to the newborn infant. It is also known as jamanghutti or gurhti. "ghutti vaW deI nIhare."-BG. It is a combination of the following constituents: myrobalan, cassia aculifolia, holarrhena antidy senterica, pulp ofcassia fistula, thyme, aniseed and dried black grapes. ~ [ghUQl See ~0lC. ~ [ghUQi] n loop, twist. "ghUQi bIn kIa gathI G~rai?"-g5Q kabir. 2 knot or tag of a shirt etc to hold a button. 3 complication. 4 misunderstanding. 1YC!' [ghuDl, ~ [ghuDa] Skt'J![, vr move, return. 2 n a worm that infests wood. "jIu ghuD khadhi Iakkri."- BG. ~ 7MttiI' [ghuDak:;;ar nyay] See ?iJfTli1. ty'~ [ghuthDal, lY""Ef?iT [ghuthna] v miss. go astray, make a mistake. "khasamahu ghuthia phIrahI nImaDia."-sri m 1 jogi adar. ty'ti" [ghutha] adj gone astray, who has forgotten his way. "muQhahu ghutha jaI."-var asa m 2. ~ [ghudda] During his stay between the villages of Kothe and Maluke, a demented saint, inspite of warning by the guard, tried to enter the camp of Guru Gobind Singh. Thereupon the guard thrashed him so badly that he died. In order to avenge his death, their superior, Ghudda, came to the Guru at a place named Bajak, but was pacified by his holy

ty~

presence. His accomplices Sukkhu and Buddhu served the Guru with devotion and recited folk songs to him. See~. ty'O [ghunl See ty<!'. lifOT [ghunna] adj taciturn, one who does not share his feelings. 2 greedy. This word is derived from Sanskrit vr ~ which means to receive. W'l.f [ghupl adj dark, dense. ty'HUI1' [ghumgha] I sacrifice myself. "ham nam vItahu sad ghumgha."-suhi m 4. ~ [ghumjaDa] v rotate, circumambulate, sacrifice oneself. "jInI gurmukhI pIara sevIa tIn kau ghumIjaIa."-tIlag m 4. "hau vari ghumajavda."-sri m 5 pEpaI. ~ [ghumaQDa], ~ [ghumaQna] v (for the clouds) to lower. tif~ [ghUmal).l See 1pfi'i. tif~ [ghUmaDgher] n vertigo. 2 whirlpool, vortex. 3 intense whirl of water generated by cyclones. It is very difficult for ships to come out of it. Sir Napier Shaw attributes it to enormous amount ofhighly water-laden hot air held at some torrid zone, getting more saturated and hot. The heat thus trapped expands the air from within. It becomes rarified and rises above. Due to this rise, it becomes a bit cold and lot of moisture condenses and takes the form of a cloud. In the process, much latent heat is released and the air becomes more rarified. This creates vacuum at the bottom. In order to fill this vacuum, air from all around rushes in violently at a speed of 100 to 300 miles per hour. It is this cyclone that causes whirlpool. tifH<YUtfu [ghUmaDghen] in the whirlpool. 2 due to vertigo or vortex. See ~~. ~ [ghUmaDgheri] See ~H<!1il"o. l!f~ [ghUmaDvaDi] n whirlpool. "ghar ghumaDvaDi bhai."-maru m 1. See ~H<!1il"o 2 and 3.

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[ghGmI).a], ~}f<') [ghuman] See 'I}f<'), ~ [ghumangher] See ~~ and ~. 'lg"Hij" [ghomar], ~1-Rf [ghGmar] See ~/-jQ. ~ [ghGmar-an] See ~'. ty'Hfa' [ghuman] See ~. ~ [ghumanan], ~Hfunpfu [ghiJmnan] adjvertiginG.us, dizzying. 2 urJ-Rrftrn evaporated water condensed in air due to coldness in winter, fog. "ghurnanan s1ali b<:JI).iii kejma." -c{}cji. 'Swords of warriors are covering the battle-field as the sky is covered with fog in winter.' See mm. ~ [ghumri] n whirlpool, vortex. 2 covered the sky. "sayam ghata ghumri ghanghorkE." -c{}(;ii 2. ty}fij-~ [ghumreri] n potter's wife. "dhoban ghumreri camreri."-GP S. ty~ [ghumvarna] v offer something (normally money) by passing it around the head. ty'W [ghuma] See ~. ty~ [ghumau] See ~~:. 2 tum round. 3 curve, bend. ty~' [ghumau] measure of land which is equivalent to eight kanals. See ft..I<Bt. ~ [ghumauI).a] v rotate. 2 offer something (normally money) by passing it around the head. "hau satI guru vItahu ghumaIa."- sri m 1 jogi {}dar. "satIgur vItahu ghumaia jiu."
-majhm4.
tyl-fTl? [ghumal] weaver's wood in which he

two shopkeepers, Rangi and Ghummi, presented themselves before him. The Guru baptised and turned them into Singhs. tyA-6- [ghumer], ly-HoT [ghumeri] n dizziness, vertigo. ~ [ghumeru] adj who rotates (things). 2 n rotating pin used for converting carded cotton into thread. ~ [ghum~Qc~d] See ~. 'ty'a' [ghur] n thunder. 2 horse. See ~~. 3 Skt ~ vr cry in fright. ty~ [ghursar] n horse stable. "ghursarhr ghar badhaIh6."-carItr 145. ~ [ghurakI).a], ~ [ghurakna] v make low noise. 2 chide, reprimand. '.'kop same nlj nah ko ghurkat atho jam."~carItr4. ~ [ghurki] n reprimand, threat. tyO(!" [ghurI).aJ, 19B7iT [ghurna] v thunder. "ghuran ghata at1 kalia."-var maru 2 m 5. "ghure nagare."- cJcji 3.2 n den or hiding place of wild animals. ~ [ghur-rata], ~ [ghur-rata] n snoring, sound coming from the throat of a sleeping person. 19aT [ghura] n den or hiding place of wild animals. "hOI sataI).a ghur na mavE."-var
malam I.

fixes the ends of threads and prepares the warp. tyfl.r [ghumI] adv having come back, returned. "je jaI).a manjai ghumI na aiE."-asa f:~rid. "jo tE maranI mukia tIna na mare ghumI."-s [arid. ~ [ghumIar] See cj~ and 0D--P'ifl"O. ~Hffi:i'ur [ghUmIsfgh] When Guru Gobind Singh visited village Kot Bhai (district Ferozepur),

[ghurara] See ~~. ~ [ghulI).a], ~E7i' [ghulna] v wrestle. 2 mix, dissolve. "je kicanI lakh upav ta kahi na ghuliE."-var ram 2 m 5. 3 be solved. 4 adapt. ~ [ghulavgo] See ~1-ffoUffu. ty;f [ghur] n horse. ~ [ghursalJ n horse stable. ~ [ghurcarha] n horseman, man on horse back. tym [ghurdJr] n horse race. 2 a game for testing the racing strength of horses. ~ [ghurnal] horse shoe. 2 See ~;:i('jirMC<I.
ty"aW

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l!J Sl')IfMCli [ghurnalIka] n horse-driven cannon.

~ [ghurbahIl] horse-driven chariot.

[ghuta] gulped. "harIras ghuta."-sar m 5. Wimt [ghutiE] let us gulp i.e. let us drink.

we

wzw

"harIras ghutiE."-bIla ill 5 partal. l.fT(i) horse keeper; one who rears horses. Wl.f [ghup] See ~. 2 pitch-dark. "tam agIan mohat ghup."--bIla a ill 5.3 owl. ~ [ghuraI).i] a village in district Sunam of Patiala state. Here lived Ramraia tithe- ~ [ghumaI).] Ski ~ vr revolve, go in rounds. collectors who maligned the Guru a lot. They ~ [ghumaI).gheri] See ~. disgracecl(religious singer) Bulaki Singh, a ragi, WlW [ghumI).a], W}f(') [ghuman] Skt Wi'o n and broke his double-stringed musical wander. instrument. Due to this reason Banda Singh ~ [ghumangluria], ~[ghumangher], Bahadur conquered this village in Sammat ~ [ghum;~ngherI], ~ [ghfunangheri], ~ [ghumanIgherI] n whirlpool, vortex. 1767 and punished the tithe-collectors. There See~. "ghumangher agah gakhri gursabdi is a gurdwara ofGuru Hargobind in the village. par utriE."-asa m 5. "ghumangherI maha atI The Guru bestowed a chola (a long robe) to bIkhri."-ram am 5. "gharu ghumanIgherr Surtia masad, which is still with his decendants. ghulavEgo."-kan am 4.2 vertigo, dizziness. Ten bighas of land are assigned to this 3 fallacy of ignorance. 4 cycle of birth and gurdwara. A fair is held on the Hola festival. death, transmigratory cycle. The village is located to the west of Doraha railway station at a distance of seven miles WHO [ghumar], ~Hfu [ghumarI] n vertigo; walking in a circle. 2 a dance which is from it. performed in the form of a circle. "harIjas ty;PH [ghuram] a village located to the southghumarI pavahu."-jEt ill 4. east of Patiala, at a distance of twelve kohs. There lived very arrogant Pathans. Banda ~ [ghur] Skt ~ vr be violent, torment, get old. 2 n frowning. Bahadur along with the Khalsa army WQ<!' [ghuraI).] Skt vr revolve. 2 warn conquered it in Sammat 1766. through frowning. tW" [ghus], lifFf [ghus] n bribe. [ghuk] n deep slumber. "sutta ghuk."-PPP. ~ [ghurClI).al n frowning. See ~ vr. 2 Skt owl. ~ [ghuraml See ~ vr. 2 vertigo. 3 dizziness due to intoxication. ~ [ghukarI] owl's enemy, the crow. W'ijT [ghura] n sweepings, trash. 2 a devout lif(JJ'Q [ghugar] See lif"tlfO. disciple of Guru Arjan Dev. "ghura latkdI). ~ [ghughat], ~ [ghughatu] veil. "rahu rahu jaI).iE."-BG. 3 a subcaste of Khatris. ri bahuria ghughatu jIn kacj.hE.-asa kabir. "jab naci tab ghughatu kEsa?"-tukha m 1. ~ [ghulan] v dissolve, be mixed, become indistinguishable. "ghulahI tau man jau avahI "ghughatu kholI cali."-oakar. WURr [ghughar], lifuro [ghughar] n tiny bell. sarna."-bavan. "tau prasadi ghuliE." --jEt chat m 5. "jIsu krIpalu tIsu sadh sagI "ghugharbadhI bajavahI tal."-prabha am 5. ghul."--asa m 5. "ghughar badhI bhae ramdasa."-maru m 5. Ul"{l [gheu] n clarified butter. "dahi vIloi gheu [ghutL life [gMt] See 1ge. kacj.haIa."-BG. [ghut1a] gulps, swallows. "than cokhta ~ [gheur] See Ul"?O. rnakhan ghut1a."-g.)Q namdev. See}-{'1:f(').

l.!f~ [ghurval] Skt W~

"iut

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~ [gheIya] See

1133

Ul"-etrr.

Wlft [ghei] a subcaste of Khatris, who were

involved in the trade of ghee (clarified butter). 2 a trader of ghee. 3 mixed with ghee. ~ [gheia] n a substance resembling ghee, prepared by beating and mixing such ingredients as butter, eggs etc. 2 ball of soft butter, collected fvom the top of buttermilk during the churning of it. "mdkhni IE gheia tIh kdryo."-cdrItr 132. tih:r [ghes] n feigning ignorance. 2 irritation. 3 gnashing. 'lifm [ghesla] n heavy club.; cudgel. 2 wooden grinding rod with which spices etc are pounded. iih.r [ghepJ, urn- [gheb] territory ofFatehjang and Pindigheb, which falls in district Campbalpur l . "dh~ni gheb kI pothohar."-GPs. Uhr [gher] n vertigo. "tin aVdrdt ki cuki gher." -ram m 5. 'Vertigo of head (soul) caused by the whirlpool of three attributes has ceased i.e. nature into which three attributes had gone having fulfilled its duty has got wary of the free-soul.' 2 enclosure. 3 surroundings, ambience. Ufaer [ghen)a] v surround, encircle. Ufa<!t [ghen)i] n vertigo. 2 circular instrument which, when revolved, is used for preparing thread from cotton. 3 A wheel upon which criminals were mounted for punishment in ancient times. See BCfCit. ~ [gherdr] a subcaste of Khatris. Bhagwan Das, who had disgraced Guru Hargobind at Sri Gobindpur, (Hargobindpur) belonged to the same subcaste. See ~1JIJ. Uta'r [ghera] n periphery. :2 circumference. 3 besiegement. 4 possession. "mua karat jag ghera."-VN. 'takes possession of wealth and land.' ~ [ghevar] Skt %~ a type of sweetmeat
'Earlier. it was in Rawalpindi district.

in which lot of ghee is used. In shape it resembles a honeycomb. "ghevar set sIta bdhu pae."-NP. ~ [ghEkEJ adj having injured. "gham ke s~g ghEkL"- krrs;;m. 2 having killed. iil<!'r [ghEl.)aJ v send. 2 injure. i1/Q [ghEfJ n presence of lot of dust particles overcasting the sky. 2 slander, disrepute. iih:r [ghos] See 1!!Rw and urn. UJm;v [ghoslal, urm [gh6slaJ n urR (grass) r-m:n (house); nest, where birds lay eggs. "ghosla me ;'iqa taj Uqdt akascari."-BGK. ti/'l;f [ghokh] Skt ur1'f n roar, high-pitched sound. "hot ghokh jih garaj suhavat."-NP. 2 a colony of milkmen where cows bellow. 3 a subcaste of Bengali Kayasths. Uil:f<!T [ghokhl.)al, Ui<:fn [ghokhdnl, Ulcfor [ghokhnaJ Skt ur~ n loud proclamation. "sIkha. putra ghokhIkE."-var ram 3. See 4 below. 2 roar, high-pitched sound. "ghdn ghokhdn jya ghdhIravhige."-kdlki. 3 read aloud. "ghokhe sastrd bc:d sdbh."-bavan. "ghokhe munIjdn SImdrtr purana."--dhana m 5. "care kiJqa ghokha."-dh;:ma m 5.4 in Pothohar, ghokhdn stands for intense deliberation. Uft:rr [ghokhai See Uj'l::f<!T. Uffl:f [ghokhI] having proclaimed. "bed pukardhI ghokhI."-dllana m 5. See url::f<!T. utif [ghokhel See ur'tf<'!T. ~ [ghogar] n a scavanging bird which resembles a vulture. See ~. 2 one who eats inedible things. 3 stupid, Utar- [ghoga] snail Skt ~ 2 a mds;'ld ofNanheri village (Patiala state) who was imprudent to Guru Teg Bahadur. His offence was condoned by Guru Gobind Singh and he took the Guru to his house as when he was returning from Patna to Anandpur. See oc'iiJ;ft. Ui'uRJr [ghoghra] n an air-filled leather sac which floats in water. People also tie themselves to

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such sacs while jumping from high places to escape from being injured. "badh ghoghre pavcm lakh kudat bhayo banay. "-c;JrI tr 72. U/"uf;r [ghoghar] See urCJT3". utUJT [ghogha] See urOJT. tile [ghot] n attraction, pull. 2 compression, pressure. 3 See urcc;r. 4 Skt horse. ~ [ghotakJ adjone that grinds. 2 Skt n horse. lltc<!r [ghotDaJ, ur~ [ghota1W] v grind. See lY"c vr. 2 See WRW 2 and urzor 2. ~ [ghotna] See urcc;r and ~ vr. 2 short wooden club used for grinding. "bhag-ghotna hath sabhara."-carItr 380. Ufcr [ghota] n grinder. 2 process of grinding. UlfcH' [ghotIm] due to grinding. "ghotIm kalri masu."- suhi mI. Ult.r [ghopJ n straight sword concealed in a stick. sword stick. 2 annihilation, murder. "jIne satru ghopa."-VN. tiftrr [ghopa] n supportless tent. 2 suffocating place. Wa [ghar] 11 horse. "mng pakre bIn ghor hathiar."- bhcr m 5. "ghor bIna kEse asvar?" -gSQ. kabir. 2 Skt adj dark, dense. 3 horrible, frightening. "gur bInu ghor adhar."- var asa m 2.4 cruel, pitiless. 5 n thunder. "catrak mar bolat dIn rati sunI ghanhar ki ghar ."~-mala m 4 partal. 6 sound, echo. "tar ghar bajftr tahI."-var mala m 1.7 See ur'ffOT. "mngmad gulab karpur ghor. "-kalki. "halahal gharat hE."-ramav. U/Qo't [ghorani] n cavalry.--s':l11ama. UJor [ghora] See uta I. "car6i ghoran ghayalkE." -krIsan. "ghorE carI bhES caravan jai."--asa kabir. See l.ffuw 1J3'. 2 See ura 5. "dhunI vaje anhad ghora."-ram m I. 3 Skt pitch-dark night. ~ -gfoo9" [ghoratak dhunmi] a gun, which produces noise like the roar of a lion, the destroyer of a horse.-sanama.

11 mare. 2 See ~. [ghoradhar] pitch-dark. "guru bmu ghoradhar." -prabha a m 3. 2 pitch-dark, suggestive of ignorance. We? [ghol] See ur~. 2 Skt n half-churned yoghurt. 3 sour buttermilk. W1?Uf3(!T [gholghattl).a], urw.g1-MI~ [gholghumaul).a] v be sacrificed. It is customary for water to be taken round the head of the beloved and then drunk, implying that all his sufferings and misfortunes dissolve in that water and the drinker accepts them and wishes his well-being. "hau gholi jiu gholIghumai tIsu sace gurdarbare jiu."-majh m 5. "hau tIsu ghol ghumaIa gurmatI rIdE garibi aVE."-BG. W1?(!T [gholl).a], Wc;)7)T [gholna] v dissolve something in water or some other liquid. "gholi geru ragu CdraIa."~-marua mI. Wrn- [ghoII] adv having dissolved, having mixed. "gholI maha rasu amritu tIh pia." -bavan. ~ [gholia] got sacrificed. "tIn vItahu sadu ghumI gholia."-var gau I m 4. See ur~~. ~ [ghor-ra] n horse. "carkE ghor-rE kOde pakarahI."-gau var 2 m 5. See ~t:!T. tif;:p- [ghora] Skt horse. "ghora kito sahaj da." -var ranl 3. In Rajputana names of horses are assigned according to their colours: White -karak Whitish yellow -kh6ga Yellow -harIY Milky -~serah Black - khOgah Red -kIyah Whitc having black calves - ugah Spotted- halah yellowish black -tnyuh yellow having black knees - kulah

uret [ghori]

urtr'Q'1"ij"

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ui'zrc;ra-C!

yellow with a reddish tinge - uknah blue -- nildk pink-revat yellow with greenish tinge - haldk one having white chest, hoofs, mouth, mane and tail- d~tmagdl one having white tail, chest, head and both the sides - pacbhddr.
-<jIg;]l ko~ tiI;ft [ghoril n mare 2 a wooden stand on which

u1'G [ghat] Skl'iTlfc, vr speak, shine. 2 See wear.

[ghatdk] gong, bell. See u1fcc;r-. "gMtdk jy6 . sun1<. bdr bani. rdhE thac;lh c;lhIg mngdhI sdmani."-NP. See Uf~. ufc<Nfu [ghatdk-hen] n hunter's bell; the bell a hunter carries with himself. "chdlbe bhu ghatdk-hen bdjayo."-kns;]n. 'A hunter hiding himself in the forest rings a bell. In order to find out from where the sound comes, the deer is drawn towards it.' ~ [ghatdka] See uffcor'. ufcr [gMta] Skt n bronze bell moulded in the shape of an upside down tumbler. It is struck with a hammer from within or without. Small bells have been in vogue since time immemorial. They were discovered in ancient Egyptian tombs and in the ruins of Nineveh. In Rome, the time of the royal bath was announced with the stroke ofa bell. Since long, ringing of bells has been prevalent in temples in India where the biggest bell was installed at Somnath temple. It was broken into pieces by Mahmood Ghaznavi and its golden chain was plundered. As of now, the biggest of all the bells is in Moscow (Russia). It weighs 198 tons. It was cast in 1733 AD. There is also another bell in this city which weighs 128 tons. There are heavy and huge bells in Burma, Peking (China), Cologne (Germany), Vienna and Paris. In England, the largest of all the bells weighs 16 tons, which is installed in the cathedral of St. Paul. "ghata jaka suniE cdhu kDt."- asa ill 5. i.e., 'the celestial sound.' 2 unit oftime spanning two and a half ghdris, equalling an hour. See ~1--f'<!. 3 clock. See uSt i: 3. uktfu:r" [ghatahera] See ~. ~ [gMtakdrdD] n son of Mangal, who was born to Medha. He was an attendant deity of Shiv. On account of a curse, he was born

urea-

clothes are dried. 3 tripod on which a saddle etc is placed. 4 song sung by women praising the groom and his family. See Ul;fhw. 5 song sung at the time of the groom's ceremonial mounting the horse. 6 bridge over which the strings of a snada sitar etc are stretched. 7 machine for making sdvia (noodlelike pasta for sweet dish). ~ [ghoria] On the occasion of a marriage, after providing housing to the members of the marriage party and before the marriage ceremony, the groom mounted on a mare proceeds to the bride's home. This ceremony is called ghoril. Songs sung on that occasion are called ghoria. In order to do away with the evil practice ofsinging indecent songs, Guru Ram Das authored a sacred hymn in Rag Vadhans under the heading ghoria which underlies the sermon of attaining bliss both in this world and the next. "deh tejdDI ji ram upaia." etc. ur;f~ [ghorevaha] a village in tehsil and district Gurdaspur. There is a gurdwara ofGuru Hargobind in the village. ~ [ghaghornaJ, w~ [ghagholna] v mix something into water by stirring. 2 make water dirty by shaking it. 3 rinse a garment into water in order to remove its dirt.
lAt some places. ceremony of gho,i is also held at the time of departure of marriage-party from the bridegroom's house_

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as a man. He was a great scholar of Ujjaini l.!r3' [ghratl Skt adj smelled. Nagri. 2 according to Harivansh, a demon who UIT}f [ghram] Skt t:rnf n heat. 2 sunshine was a devotee ofShiv. In order to avoid hearing 3 summer. 4 sweat, perspiration. "na ghram the name of Vishnu, he hung bells from both hE na gham hE." --akal. his ears. 3 according to Saravloh, a soldier of flq [ghrIl Skt'i vr wet, shine, drip. Brijnad (Viraynad), the demon. "gMta karell). flqR' [ghrIs] Skt'lSI, vr pulverize, pound, grind. bhat. "-salah. ~ [ghrID] Skt ~ vr shine, hate. ~ [gMtIk] See ~. ~ [ghrIDa] Skt n hatred. 2 condemnation. ~ [gMtIka] Skt '1fUcCfiT n bell. 2 gullet, 3 compassion. "tajI tat ghfIDa ban bie throat. nIkare."-ramav. ufit [ghati] See uf"f'cw I. flyo [ghrI tl Skt n clarified burter. "kagadu JUDU [ghac;l] n big bell, gong. 2 trachea. See ~ rahE ghnt sage."-ram m 1. 2 per etymology, 2. 3 Skt tT06 large black bee. 4 wretch, vile. water is also called ghnt. 3 adj sprayed, "jhakh maranI sabh nfdak ghac;la ram. "-brha sprinkled. 4 oiled, lubricated, buttered. chat m 4. 5 mischievous. 6 a subcaste of 5 shining. Bahujai Khatris. fty'3tft [ghntei], ~ [ghrItaci] Skt ~ per ~ [gMc;l vajjDa] a typical sound that books like Mahabharat etc, an extremely breathing produces due to the entrapped beautiful fairy, whose sight led Vyas to discharge his semen. As a result of that, Shukdev was tracheal muscus. uf~ [gMc;la] See uf~ 4. 2 bell. "kMc;lahera born. Parmiti, son of sage Chyavan, produced a son named Ruru from her womb. Kushnabh, mIrag jIu."-BG. 'as the sound of a hunter's king of Kanauj, begot one hundred daughters bell stops the dec r from running.' from Ghritachi. See cdi"tr. Bharadwaj was ~ [ghac;lahara] See ~ and uhP' 2. ul1ft [ghac;li] See uf"f'cw 2. charmed by her, leading to the discharge of his semen. The discharged semen was kept in a ~ [ghna] Skt adj when suffixed to a word, it boat-shaped wooden cup and from that means destroyer as f'gOUJ (ungrateful), lITU (slaughterer of cows). Dronacharya was born. "bnkhbhanusuta ki l.!r [ghral Skt vr smell, kiss. barabar muratI ~yam kahE su nahi ghrItei hE." -krrsan. "sf dhusuta ru ghrI taei trIya." ~ [ghrau] n smell, odour. Skt ~til'. See l!r vr. "jIu udIan kusam parphulIt kInE na gharau -krrsan. daughters of the sea, Lachhami and l;na."-gau kabir. Ghritachi. 2 ladle for pouring clarified burter during a fire ritual. 3 per etymology, it also ~ [ghraD] Skt n organ ofsmeJl; nose. "ghraD means night. 4 night, bedewed and calm. vIloean p5ehE cir."-GPS. 2 adj smelled.

unr

unr

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[BaBa] tenth character ofPunjabi script. It is of articulated from the throat and the nose. 2 Skt sexual desire, carnal desire., 3 words that are felt. 4 deity Bhairav. tii5jT [BaBa] the character tii. 2 pronounciation of tii. See w. li<!" [BaD] See ~. lii<!5t [BaDti], ~ [Bal)Ila] n counting, enumeration, calculation. "BaDti BaDi nahi kou chutE." -bawm. [BaDr] having counted. "BaDi ghale sabh drvas sas."-bav;m. m [BaDi] counted. 2 with counting. See '~. tiia"'l1 [Baras] See ~. ~ [Brata] adj learned, erudite. "BaBa
tii

khatsastr hor Brata."-bavcm. fii>,rro [Bran] n knowledge. "anrk bhekh aru Bran dhran."-bavan. fip,fTO't [Brani] adj scholar, sage. "bhagat Brani so r." -ba van. ~ [Branu] See "fu>wo. 'i [Bu] Skt vr produce a sound. W [BaBa] character tii. See ~. "BaBa BIanu nahi ffiukhbatau." -ba van. ~ [Bras] n morsel. 2 swallow. "BaBa BrasE kal trh."-bavan. ~ [BrIhal] adj who enjoys; who uses. See tii 2. "BrIastva BrIhala."-gyan. 'You enjoy through the character tii.' 2 Scholars interpret this word to mean a family man.

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eleventh character ofPunjabi script. Its articulation is made from the palate. 2 Stir of. "sfghac bhojan jo nar janE."-asa namdev. 3 Skt part again, and 4 faith, belief. 5 comparable. 6 n sun. 7 moon. 8 tortoise. 9 thief. 10 rascal, evil person. 11 Shiv. 12 in Punjabi, shortforvIcc as in: "thoredInac Ihk~mhojauga."-prov. ~ [caul infinitive ofcava!).u; say, state. See~. "tii cau saja!). mEQIa."-var manz2 m 5.2 See ~. 3 four. "sekha, cau cakIa cau vaIa."-var sor m 3. See ~ and e@~irefT. 4 trust, belief. "lakhyo aj kas hE cau baQhyo."-NP. ~ [causath] See ~. ~ Cl'W [causath kala] See Cl'W. tr@'Rotrra' [causath car] sixty-eight. "bhare jog!).i patr causath car~."-c;'jcji 2. See ~~. ~ [causathI] Skt ~:lSf& sixty-four. ;;@RfoURft [causathI ghari],;;@RfouSt [causathI ghari] day and night, nowadays; a day and night consist of 60 gharis and each gh<Jri is of 24 minutes but in earlier times a ghari was said to be of twenty two and a half minutes. Hence 64. gh<Jris used to comprise a day and night. "ath jamI causathI ghari tua nnkhat rahE jiu."-s kabir. tJfPra" [causar], ~ [causar] Skt ~ n a game of four flanks; a game of dice. 2 a game of four counters. See ~ and ifoit ~. ~ [causi] n a type of indigenous cloth with four hundred cords (threads) in its warp. ~ [cauhata] n a bazaar with shops on all the four sides; a crossing. 2 a bazaar with four flanks on a crossing.

tr [cacca]

tr@'Ro. ~ [cauha!).], ~ [cauhan] See Bc:ro. ~ [cauk] See~. 2 an ornament for women to wear on their heads. ~ [caukas] See Bcv:r. el1cMel [cauksai], ~ [cauksi] See ~ and Bcuft. ~ [caukri] n a group of four persons or things. "jugan ki caukri phnaei phnat hE." -dkal. 2 See ~. ~cr;r [caukar] n a group of four cowries. 2 See ~CRltJ(!T. 3 cord made offour threads. ~ ~ [caukar kharac!).a] v spend four cowries; a wedding ceremony of giving gifts by bridegroom's side to the menials at bride's house. It is a gesture of humility conveying that a paltry sum is spent on the wedding. "cal kar muk<Jr kh<Jrmn k<JriE." -NP. ~ [caukap] with four cowries. "caukap mulI <J!).aIa."-var asa. 'bought a sacred thread for four cowries.' See ~. ~ [caukri] n quadrangular platform. 2 a group of four. 3 a group of four persons i.e. a gang. "dusatcaukri sada kur kamavahI." -sor m 3.4 a group of four horses for driving a carriage. 5 a group of all the four aeons. See 1H"dT. 6 a leap with all the four legs in the air; well known is the leap of a deer. 7 posture of sitting cross-legged. ~ [cauka] n quadrangular courtyard or a stone of similar shape. 2 a group of four. 3 something indicative offour. 4 a quadrangular enclosure of a kitchen. "gobaru jutha cauka

~ [cauhath] See

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1139

kabir. 5 plastering done on the kitchen floor. "dekE cauka bqhi kar."-var asa. 6 animal with four developed teeth. 7 two teeth in the upper and two in the lower jaw. "CIbuk caru vIstnt kachu cJka camkaw:."-GPs. ~ [cauki] n seat with four legs. 2 a group of four watchmen. "cauki caugIrad hamare." -sor ill 5. 3 a group of four devotional musicians. "gavat cauki sClbad prakas. "-GPS. See tJ"IG ~. 4 a group of worshippers who sing devotional songs while circumbulating. ~ [caukE] in the kitchen. "bCllu cauh paIa." --varasa. 'put on the sacred thread while sitting in the kitchen.' ~ [caukMn] four parts. "hClU tI~;U vItahu caukhaniE."-sri ill 4. meaning: 'I sacrifice myself'. 2 four directions. "kormara cClukhaniE kOI na beli."-BG. 'all the relatives.' 3 a blow with a sword. See B~ 3. ~ [caukhaniE] See ~. ~ ~ [caukhaniE v~J1Da] v b,~ cut into four parts, i.e. be sacrificed. 2 move all around, i.e. be devoted. ~ [caugaD], ~ [caug;m] See t~. ~ [caugan] See Borro. e(lfdlae [caugIrad] advon all the four sides, all around. "cauki caugIrad hamare."-sor ill 5. "caugIrad hamarE ramkar."-brla m 5.2 n a mountain surrounding the earth and its seven seas. See is"~-q. ~~' [caugIrd6] from all sides. "dhae rakhas rohle caugIrd6 bhare."-cac;li 3. ~ [cauguD], ~ [caugun] Skt t~~' adj four-fold, four-sided. ~ [caughar], ~ [caughar] See ~. "cuhar caughar lakhnau."-BG. ~ [caucakIa] incited by four persons, i.e., provoked by four scoundrels. "sekha! caucakIa."-var sor ill 3. ~ [caujhar] a Khatri subcaste from amongst

jutha."~basat

Bunjahian, mentioned as caughar by some scholars. "c:xlucaujharsevkamai."-BG. See~. ~ [caUDa] n a group of quadrupeds; a herd of grazing animals. "cauDe SUIna paiE CUDI CUDI khaVE ghasu. "---var illajh ill 1. 2 adjfourfold, four times. ~ [cauDi] four-fold. See B-c:'t. ~ [cautra], ~ [cauta] P ~;?.. n platform, Skt ~ platform. 2 court of a kotwal. '\mh cautre ja I jatai."-can tr 61. "jhagra karde cautE aya."-BG. ~ [cautar] See tJ1O~. ~ [cautara] n song from a four-stringed instrument or mndag. 2 rabab, which has four strings or any other four-stringed musical instrument. 3 cloth which has four-ply thread in its weft. ~ [cauti], ~ [cCluhs] Skt ~ ~ thirtyfour. ~})fl:fij' [cautis akhar], ~ ~ [cautis achar] Originally Sanskrit had the following 34 letters.
~~~~~~~~~g~~~Z~~~~

~ Cf U ~, Lf LfJ "f 11 11, 'f ~ C1 q ~ ~; the remaining letters are their combinations, as e:r is a combination of-q and 11, ~ ofR and "Il, ?[ of 3" and 0" etc. The same 11 has three forms I .
(T

'Numerous scholars are ofthe view that characters which do not initiate any word are not counted amongst characters. Such characters as are combinations of two characters are not independent letters. Accordingly there are only the following thirty four characters: 3T
~ ;::r

"ll, if'

~~~~3~~Z3~~ftQ~U~~~.~~nT~~

111 15f "

\0. "ll is used for ('1:. and

6'

('I:

does not initiate any

1:(

word.

or

U[

do not initiate any word either.

is a

combination of l'lf and re. i'l: is a combination of l'lf and -e, -jl is a combination ofl'lf and II, 3ft is a combination of l'lf and S. lH is a combination orO[ and JIf, ~ is a combination ofM and
~.

;r is a comhination 01'3" and o. In Veds the

letter 3..0 is not used in conventional words.

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1140

"nana khran puran bed brdhr cautis akhar (achar) mahi." -sor and maru rdVI das. ~ [cautih] See ~. ~ [cautuka] n a composition containing four lines; a passage having a division after every four lines. ~ [cauth] Skt~ n fourth day ofthe bright and dark side of the moon. "cauthaln c;')cal man kau gahahu."-gdu thIti kdbir. ~ [cauthra], ~ [cauthri], ~ [cautha] adj fourth. "trEguD maIamohu hE gurmukhI cauthapad par."-sri m 3. "han cauthri lav manr sahaju bl1ara."-suhi chJt m 4. ~~ [cauthapad] n state of knowledge beyond that ofthe worldly and bodily comforts; enlightened state. "cauthe pad kau jo naru cinE." -keda kdbir. ~fu [cauthr] fourth declension. See ~tr. "cauthr upae care beda."--bIla tllIti m 1. ~ [cauthi] feminine of cautha. "cauthi niatr rasr kar."-var majh m 1. ~ [caudas] n ~ fourteen. ~ [caudasr] Skt ~ n fourteenth day of the moon's bright and dark sides. "Cdudasr caudah 10k majhan." -g~:JU thIti kdbir. ~ [caudah] fourteen. "caudah bhavan tere hatnale."-maru solhe m 3. ~"630 [caudah ratan] according to Purans, the ocean was churned and fourteen precious objects were obtained. See 037). "caudah rdtan nrkaIIanu."-var ram 3. ~ ~ [caudah 10k] See Bt!+ ~. ~~ [caudah vrdya] knowledge offour Veds, six vedag, nyay, mimasa, Purans and dharam~astra. See kFrQ lJ~ nfH 3 a 6. According to Bhai Mani Singh these fourteen scriptures are: "~ri akkhar jaltaran cakrtsa Jr rasa In, jotak jotr prabin rag khat raganr garn, kok-kala vyakaran Jr bajatr bajarn,

turahr tor nat nntt Jr sar dhanukh calarn, gyan karan J caturi et nam vrdya Yare, eh caturdas jagat me catur samajh man me dhare." -JSBM. See ~ Rt!Jrr and Rt!Jrr. ~ [caudahI] See~. 2 fourteenth day ofthe lunar month. "caudahr can kut prabh apr."-gdu tllIti m 5. tlijeatlOl [caudDocak] fourteen spheres, fourteen worlds. "caccak caudDocakJ."-ramav. 'Fourteen worlds were taken aback.' 2 beings of the fourteenth sphere. ~ [cauda] states, speaks. See ~ and ~. "jo gurbaDi mukhI cauda jiu."-majh m 4.
2See~.

tl'fte+

[cauda] See ~.
~.

~ lcaudra] adv uttering. "as puri han

caudra."--suhi chJt m 4. See

~ [carJdo] adj worth stating. "caudo mukhr

alar."-var maru 2 m 5.2 says, utters.

~ [caudh], ~ [caudhnaj See B"'q and BWir.

n bearer of a ploughpin; a ploughman. 2 Skt ~ headman among four. "caudhri rau sadaiE."-sri d m 1. ~ [cJudhrt] See B-'fqo. ~ [caup] See B-tf. ~ [caupai] See B-trEt. ~ [caupada] Ski n quartet, quatrain; a piece of poetry having four stanzas. See under QlOT ~. "kIna car kdrahr khat karma."-a hymn by Guru Arjan Dev. 2 See B<.re" 2. ~ ~t!"T [caupada dupada] a poetic composition having four stanzas Jftwo lines each i.e. four couplets. ~ [cauparl, ~ [cauparL ~ [caupap] Skt ~rc dice cloth with four flanks and the game which is played upon it. "haumE cauparr khelDa jhuthe ah;')kara. "-asa d m 1. "bram dharam tum caupap sajahu satu karahu tum sari."--bosJt m 5. See ~ and l.1oft 'FJTaT.

~mft [caudhri]

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1157

naksa .' camk~r sahIb

n<l~an

gurdvara-------.

MAP OF CHAMKAUR SAHIB

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1159
~ [camatkari] adj marvellous, wonderful.

,nr

2 miraculous. 3 illuminating, resplendent. n wonder. 2 rarity. 3 miracle, magical exercise. IDfc'i" [caman] P ~ n lawn, garden. 2 flower garden, flower bed. 3 a railway station on the border ofBalochistan, 4,311 feet above the sea level. mw [camar] Skt ~ n heavenly cow. 2 tuft of hair at the tail end of a heavenly cow, i.e., sura gau (camri). "ta par hot camar chabI bhag." -NP. 3 opposite ofcaram. "camarpos ka madar tera."-bhernamdev. 'living beings having body covered with skin.' 4 This word is used in place ofcImar(cImat). camar(c5bar). "jahf camar hi mukh te kahI hE'."-carItr68. mraH' [camras] n boil or wound caused by a ,scratch on the skin. iiHQGT [camarta] n son of a cobbler; leatherman's son. "camarta gathI na janai."-sor ravIdas. See~. ml'7)T [camarna] v cling, stick. tI'Ji'aih:r [camarpos] See IDIQ 3. ~ [camarva] adjpertaining to cobbling; of the cobbler. '9H'a" [camra] n leather, hide, skin. 2 adj of the cobbler. "sabhI dokh gae camre."-maru ill 4. 'All troubles ofthe cobbler Ravidas have come to an end.' "uh ghov ghor hathI camu camre." -bIla m 4. 'Cobbler Ravidas always had a hide in his hand.' 3 something sticking (to the skin). ~ [camreta] n son of a cobbler. ~ [camreri] n female coblbler. See 19}Rrw. IDf;1 [camar], t:J}1;3T [camra] n hide, skin. "kaparu choge camar 1ie."-asa m 1. 'wore the skin of a deer.' 2 See Bl-RJOT. 'tIlf'3t [camri] See ~. 2 n skin or hide. "khapri 1akri camri."-asa m 1. 'a celibate who carries a skull, and covers himself with deer
~fa' [camatkrrtI]

skin.' IDf"ij' [camar], ~ [camIar] Skt n one who works on the hide of animals; one who skins animals, dyes the skin and makes objects from it. "mukat bhaIo camIaro."-guj m 5. 2 per Hindu scriptures, son of a Kshatriya woman from a ~udar is a camar. See ~fi:lflifu' ~ 4. ~ [camIal] See tffi:rn.rr5. tnj' [camu] skin, hide. 2 See '6lj. ~ [camutta] adj sticking with something. "jal)u gali camutte av1e."-caQi 3. ;:nJa [camuQ], ID]W' [camuQa] See ~W'. '6lj [camu] Skt n who vanquishes the enemy army. "bhaji camu sabh danvi."-caQi 1. 2 army ofspecific strength: 729 elephants, 729 chariots, 2187 horses, and 3645 foot soldiers. ~ [camuca1] n disorder in the army. 2 army's departure. tJljO" [camuna] See 'l?"1? ~ [cameli] Skt a climber with white moonlike flowers. L Jasminum grandiflorum. Flowers of this perennial plant give out very pleasant smell from which scent is made. Yellowcoloured cameli is called capakvalli. These flowers don't have any fragrance. tnfGr [camota] n piece of leather. 2 adj made from leather. trifeo [camoran], ~ [camorna] v stick, paste; tempt, involve. "das nari Cludhut denI camoriE."-var guj 2 m 5. 'Ten sense organs can tempt even an ascetic.' W [cay] Skt n group, pile. 2 fort, rampart. 3 foundation, base, root, origin. 4 dais, platform. '5liIO [cayan] Skt n collection, accumulation etc. 2 laying bricks; raising with bricks or stones. 3 picking, selecting. tra' [car] Skt ~ vr go, wander, stroll about, consume, eat, rob, enchant, disobey, serve, indulge in depravity, raise character, think deeply. 2 n spy; he who keeps watch in order

".

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1160

to collect information. 3 adjone who wanders. revolved fast, the hanging part ofthe body was 4 See tRlR. 5 See BOOT. cut into pieces. Many people were tortured to tRr bftRr [car aear] n animate and inanimate, death in this way during the Mughal rule. movable and immovable. Lawyer Subeg Singh, Shahbaz Singh and many trn'R' [caras], BQFfT [carsa] leather bag to draw Singhs were put to death and martyred in this water with. See tsH and B;ffiT. manner. "carh carkhari mara dukh dE bhare." ;recr [carak] Skt n messenger, spy. 2 beggar. and "SIgh carkhi par carhvae."-PP. 2 horse's 3 traveller, path finder. 4 an ancient ascetic, movement in a circle. "earkhi phu gerahI who wrote a treatise on medicine called asvar."-GPs. 3 small spinning wheel. Charaksanhita. Sanskrit scholars believe that ~ ~ [earakhi earauDa] v tie someone Sheshnag took the form of a saint and to the serrated wheel. See ~ 1. appeared on this earth and saw the miseries tRfOT [carag] n car (to move) ga (sky). a bird, of the people, and preached the lore of that flies in the sky,1 called i~ in Persian and traditional Ayurvedic medicine. 5 short for in Arabic. It is a black-eyed bird of prey, of earaksahIta. 6 See 'tl'OOT 2. the hawk species, smaller in size than a large ~ [carkata] n chopper that cuts fodder for kite. It has heavy claws, but is very agile. Its animals. 2 person who cuts and feeds fodder eyes are bigger than those of a kite. It is not a to the elephant. 3 now, in Punjabi, a mean native of Punjab. It migrates from the hills at person is given this epithet. the start of winter and retreats in summer. It ~ [carakl).a] v squabble. 2 sound offrothy lays eggs in hilly caves. It lives on rats and lizards and sometimes preys on birds also. liquid falling from the intestines. 3 suffer from dysentery due to fear. When domesticated, it is good for hunting hares and curlews. Hunters keep it for only six ;rel:f [earakh] P i~ n circular disc. 2 lathe. months or at the most for one year. After that, 3 whetstone, grindstone. 4 celestial sphere, it gets useless. While eating meat, it shakes its celestial globe. 5 name ofa village near Gazni. head vigorously. 6 melting of a metal on fire. tra'1Rf [carkhar] n circular disc with serrated This bird is a female. The male called edge. "earkhar saga."-ramav. cargela is short-statured and is useless for hunting. See~ tfitf+ -er ~. "siha baja ~ [carkhari] See t:Rfl::it. earga kuhia ena khavale ghah."-var majh m tral:fT [carkha] P ,.::;~ n circular wheel etc. 2 spinning wheel-an instrument to spin cotton 1. 2 tarak, a hyena, is also called carak and with. "kolu earkha eaki caku."-var asa. carag. tral:fT tRt:rnr [earkha saherna] v marrying a ~ [cargela] male species of carag. It is not woman who spins cotton on the spinning wheel. tamed for hunting. "ab saherbo earkha eahi. jIs te brIddhpano 'ffiffi' [carac] Skt ~ vr speak, discuss, vilify, torture, think, study. 2 See B"Qtl('). 3 See ~. nubahi."-GPS. trem'i [carcan], t:RJBOT [caraena] v plaster with ~ [carkhi] a huge circular instrument like a spinning wheel, used to punish a convict. Half sandal wood. 2 annoint a deity or a scripture with sandalwood. of his body was tied to this devi~e while the rest was left hanging. When the wheel 'A bird that cats while flying is also called a carag.

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I 161

2 Skt B"t:fcft n song sung in the month ofPhaggan during the Holi celebration. 3 tamburine, drum. 4 bustle and elaborate show ofdance and music "k;:}f;:}t k;:}f;:}t C;:}f;:}C C;:}f;:}C C;:}fcafi."--kall ill 5. 'Worshippers sing, dance and besmear themselves with sandalwood paste.' S gIddha, a female: folk dance. 6 a poetic metre. See B"tlCft. 7 a posture 111 yog. BQtJT [c;:}fca] Skt n description, explanation. 2 dialogue in question and answer form. There are four kinds of discussions : (a) ~ [vad] is to satisfy the other person by answering his questions with a feeling of love. (b) hIt is to give a rejoinder without having any ill-will. (c) j;:}l;:}pis to refute the other person's viewpoint. (d) vIt~9a is to defeat the other person's argument by hook or by crook. 3 besmear or plaster with sandalwood. 4 fame, rumour etc. tJ'ij"BT tre"tr [c;:}fca C;:}f;:}C] remembering and worshipping the Creator, and pondering over His attributes. B'6B"a' [c;:}fcaf] Skt~ adjworthy of worship. 2 worthy of description. "C;:}fcaf cdfacafY~
huhaf~." -VIlla.

trntRft [c;:}fC;:}fij See

~.

[cafcItj Skt Bftf3' adj worshipped; plastered with sandal paste: etc. tra'<!' [cafa!).] Skt vr go, roam about. 2 n feet. "C;:}f;:}!). thakur ke rIdE s;:}ma!).e."-majh m 5. 3 a line of metrical verse. "tIthI hOI k;:}la prathme c;:}r;:}!).."-rupdip. 4 swallow, eat. S character, temperament, conduct. "jIn sadhu cara!). sadhpag seve."-jet ill 4. ~ [c;:}r;:}!).s;:}muh] Skt ~ ~ one who moves about everywhere; omnipresent. "mai ri, mati cara!).s;:}muh."-sar ill 5.

[car;:}l).k;:}m;:}ll, t1<3e6('i:!l'$ [cafa!).k;:}val] adj lotus-like feet, feet like lotus flowers. "c;:}fa!).k;:}m;:}1 m;:}n pfa!). ;:}dhari. "-suhi ill 5.2 n See tJ1Cf Boftnr-. 3 See ~. t1daCil'$ [mr;:}nbl] See t1<3e6('i:!l'$. 2 There is a village, Jindowal, in police station Banga, tehsil Nawanshahar, district Jalandhar. Two furlongs to the north west of it, is the gurdwara ofGuru Hargobind who stayed here for a number of days while going to Kiratpur from Phagwara. His horse Suhela was taken ill here. Thirty.-five acres ofland are attached with the gurudwara in villages of Taharpur and Banga. An Udasi Sikh is the priest here. The building and residential plots were got constructed by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. A huge pond got built by the daughter of Sardar Dhanna Singh lies close by. A fair is organised on the 14 th Chet. The gurdwara is situated one mile to the east of the railway station Banga. tldaeiR [mrandas] Ranjit, son of Murlidhar Dhusar of village Dehra in the state ofAlwar in Sammat 1760, who became an ascetic; and also called Charandas. He used to preach the worship of Radha and Krishan. Charandas died in Delhi in Sammat 1839. A fair at his memorial is organised on Vasant Panchami. His disciples are called Charandasil~. They consider their guru Charandas as an incarnation of Shukdev. His disciples can get married or remain celebates. With devotWti~ they read Bhagwat Gita as also Svarodaya, a book by Charandas. They preach that one should not indulge in slander, adultery or violence etc termed by them as ~ [naruj. See
~

~.

2 Charandas was an adopted son of Mata Sundri. He ran away from Delhi after the murder of Ajit Singh. He changed hils name

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edn8fQd

from Singh to Das and spent the rest of his life at Bhadaur in Patiala state. ea<!eim [caral).dasi] n maid; female who serves and sits at the feet of her master. 2 Sadhus, or ascetics, use this word for shoes. 3 Some people even call their wives by this name. ea<!e rm1JtT [caral).dasia] See eaaiA. ea<!gfd [caral).dhup] dust of the feet. "ca_al).dhufI tere jan ki hova. "--suhi m 5. G'd'<!t.r [carl).ap] one who takes water with feet; tree, which absorbs water through its roots. ~ [caral).paduka] n traditional wooden sandals. 2 See ~. ea<!aeC'i1 [caral).badna] n act of bowing head on somebody's feet. "caranbadna amol dasro."-sar m 5. ~ [caral).fel).u] n dust ofthe feet. "caral).rel).u gur ki mukhI Iagi."-gau m 5. G'd'<!" [carl).a] v move about. "gaganu rahaIa hukme carl).a."-maru solhe m 5. 'The movement in the sky takes place as per His Will.' 2 manger; trough for feeding animals. 3 See tre<!'. "balI balI jai satIgur carl).a. "-bha m 5. 4 eat, devour. See tI'iJ vr. See 'ffiI1t!o. ~ [camaka] See ~. tRrc!'C5l [camathi] See ~. ~ [carl).amat] See ~. eOc!'Hfo [carl).amatI] feet worthy of reverence. "rakh IE raj bIkhE carl).amatI."-ramav. 'Hey Ram! let me revere your feet while I am performing my duty towards the kingdom. ' I ~ [carl).amnt] n nectar (amnt) from the sacred feet of a deity or Guru; water in which the Guru's feet have been washed. The first nine Sikh Gurus used to initiate new entrants, by administering them water in which the Guru's feet had been washed. It was also called caral).pahul or pagpahul. See ~.
'Bharat says so.

ea<!'':!IQ [carl).ayudh] n one whose feet are his weapons: cock, rooster etc. ea<!iafae [carl).arbfd], eaa'afci [carl).arvfd] adjfeet like lotus. "carl).arbfd man bIdhy;:'!."
-gatha.
~ [caral).I] with the feet. 2 Skt n human

being. 3 adj who moves around.

tRfc!t [carl).i] (second declension) to the feet.

"mfl).i IagE tamahaIupavE."-g.}U am 3.2 (third declension) with the feet. "cafl).i calau maragI thakur kE."-sar m 5. 3 (seventh declension) in the feet. See tra'i'i'l. G'ditor [carl).itha] Skt adorable feet, loving feet. "balI balI prabhu carl).itha."-sar m 5. trntea [carl).odak] Skt n water in which sacre<'i feet are washed. "carl).odak IE acman haumE dubIdha rog gavae. "-EG. ;reo [caran] See tre<!'. 2 graze, pick. "UthkE mran Iage pun sare."--NP. 3 character, conduct. "sat caran caran man IaiE."-bIla m 5. 'Let us dwell upon the feet and the condupt of devout persons.' 4 ascend, ride a horse. "sri hangobfd ap c;~ran ko. rakhvayo kar SU$tu varan ko."-GPS. 'had a horse to ride on.' ~ [carankamaI], ea(')ai\jM [carankavaI] See ~. "carankamal asthIt nd ;:'!tarI."-sar m 5. "carankaval hrrdE gahI nanak."-gaum 5. 2 See'tJ'Tij'~. ea(')'R [carandas] See eaa'A. 2 a spiritually awakened disciple ofBhai Pheru Sachi Darhi. ~ [caranpahul] See~, ~ and l.PYM'. ~ [caranpaduka] See~. 2 Many gurdwaras of this name exist in the sacred memory of Guru Nanak Dev. Apparently, the wooden sandals ofthe Guru were respectfully installed at these places in earlier times. See
BTC'id'Rf,~, ~ and~.

ed(')afQa [carnabadhIk] adj one who causes perforation in the feet. "caranbadhIk jan teu

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tra'l.IG

ifuJrr

mukat bh<:>e."-gau namdev. 'The huntsman was liberated who pierced the feet ofKrishan with his arrow.' See HO 5. eariat'a [carnr<:>var), ed(,)dt'M [caranraval), ~ [caranrel)u), ~ [c<:>ranren] n dust of the feet. "bachE caranravaro."-guj m 5. "caranren bachE nIt nanak."-dhana In 5. tra'i"i1' [carnal See ~. 2 ascend, climb. "madarr carIkE pathu nIharau."-sor m 5. "carr satan nay tara I 0."-gau a m 5. :~ receive, get. "phIrr Ia ausaru carE n<:> hatha."-bavan. 4 rise. "as cakvi dIn carE."-brla chijt m 5. ~ [carnathi] See ~. 9di')'I).Ia' [carnamat], ~ [carnamnt) nectar; water in which guru's feet have been washed. See~. "carnamrrtsIkkha pilaya."-BG. ea(')lars\:! [carnarbfd] ~ lotus-feet. See ed<!idF<ie. "carnarbfd basaI hIrd."--sar m 5. ~ [carnare] (second declension) to the feet, towards the feet. 2 short for caral)rel)u. wort [carnavE] Skt ~ feet, only the feet. "man avar na bhaVE carnaVE carnavE."-brla m 5 partal. tI'd'i'ft' [carni] (seventh declension) in the feet. "gurcarni man laga."-sor m 1. 2 See :tRI<!t. 3 n the initiated Sikh. See 'ffil'tft. ~ [carnerE] (third declension) to the feet. "sevau sadh sat carner." -kan m 5. ~ [carnodak] See ~. ~ [carmli) a village which faUs under Nurpur police station, tehsil Una district Hoshiarpur. It is situated twenty-eight miles to the south east ofNawanshahar railway station, and less than two miles short ofKiratpur across the river. There is a gurdwara in memory of Guru Hargobind. The Guru used to stay here while going across Satluj from KiratpUir on way to Doaba. A Manji Sahib is also there. A baptised Singh performs the duties ofthe pujari. No land IS attached to the gurdwara.

~[carpat)SktBtfcnslap,blow, spank. 2 robber,

thief, pickpocket. 3 name ofan ascetic said to be born from the eyes of yogi Machhandar Nath. "cakrItcItlcarp<:>thvEdIkhsa. carpatnath tadIn se nIksa."-paras. 4 a Gorakhpanthi ascetic who had a dialogue with Guru Nanak Dev. "carpatu bolE audhu nanak."-srdhagosatr.1 5 a poetic metre. There are two forms of this metre in Dasam Granth.. The first one a transform of uchal" hasak, and paktI, and has 551,5,5 as its structure: Example: amrrt karme. amrrt dharme. akkhal joge. accal bhoge. -japu. The other one has 115, 5, 5 structure iin each line. Hence sarba deva. sarba bheva. sarba kale. sarba pale. -japu. This form reccurs in Dattavtar. Hencle gahta joga. dahta bhoga. bhagve bhesa. suphle desa. 6 adj broad and flat. tr01R" &ftarr [carpat chiga) a form of carpat metre. It comprises six matras and om: guru, making a total of eight matras. Example: CItra barma. cara carma.
I

An instance of the dialogue between Charpatnath and Guru Nanak, regarded authentic by Udasi sadhus is given below:
"seli na badh6 na pahIr6 mrrgani. khftha na oc:lh6 jo hOIjaI purani. bIbhuti na cara6 jo utar utar jaI. khar vakar letegi meri balaI. duara dekh dhul).i na paD. s5dhIa dekh sf!Ji na bajaO. grahI grilhI kukar nIai magal). na jao. bhekh ka jogi kilde na kilhaO."...

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bir;} bar]).;}. bhir;} bhar]).;}.-ramav. 2 \yith characteristics of the above metre, it can take the form of akva, ajba, k;}nya, and tIlka. Hence khagg;} khyata. gyan;} gyata. cItr~ jodhi. juddh~ krodhi.-ramav. ~ [carpatnath] See tJQl(G 3 and 4. tret.I? [carpatu] See tJQl(G 4. tJetRfT [carpara] adjpungent taste like that of a chilli. "madhur salva]). tura!? carpare."--GPS. tre8" [carab] Skt t3"lf vr go, depart; chew, eat etc. 2 P '-:".{ adjpungent in smell and biting in taste. 3 thick, dense. 4 strong. 5 greasy. 6 n victory, conquest. "arab kharb;} pura carab sarba kare."-ramav. tl"6lfc!' [carba]).], ~ [carban] Skt ~ n roasted corn. 2 act of chewing, masticating. tRnI7ft [carbani] adj (a female) who chews. tre'8"C{ [carbak], 'ffi:f8Tl:f [carbakh] adj of pleasant disposition, sweet-tongued. "dut ge carbakh." -ramav. 2 P ...{LA, clever. 3 alert, active in "' work. trelIT [carbi] adj fat; obese. 2 victorious, triumphant. See t:Rra" 6. "sarab carbian carab." -carrtr 217. 3 P Q.{ n body fat. eaalen [carbidan] P d~.{ v gain victory, conquer. 2 be ahead of the other. mrH' [caram] Skt adj last, final. 2 best. 3 n western side. 4 end. 5 Skt BH skin, hide, leather. "lepn;} rakat carma]).ah."-sahas m 5.6 shield, made from rhino's skin. "ot gursabad kar carma]).ah."-sahas m 5. "chuti hath carm;}." -VN. 'The shield slipped from the hand.' ~ [caramkar] See tJJ-Rf. ~ [Cdrmakh] Skt ~ n spindle ofa spinning wheel. ~ [carmchedak] n arrow that can pierce a leather shield.-sanama. 2 cobbler's awl. tro'J-I<Y [carma]).] Skt ~ leather goods. 2 See

[carma]).i] which has shields-the army. -sanama. ~ ~ [caramdnstI] n vision, eyesight. "caramdnstI mud, pekhE dIbbdnstI kE." -BGK. 2 farsighted, prescient, prudent. See
traH".
~ [caramnag]

western hills, where the sun

sets. [caramnvati] See ~. ~ [carampos] adj(one) who wears skins of animals. 2 n leather bag in which soldiers keep their ammunition. "lakk jIna de carampo!?"-jJgnama. tRI'H'fu [carman] enemy of the shield, sword. 2 arrow.-sanama. '9'd1iI' [caray] Skt ~ adj worth doing; duty. treW [carya] Skt 'i:lU:rf n character, conduct, behaviour. 2 deed, effort. 3 livelihood, profession. 4 act of eating. 5 act of going; voyage. tJa'd'i1 [car-raj] n short for cara]).-raj; dust of the feet. "jan car-raj mukhI mathE lagi."-brla m 5. ~ [carvaha], ~ [carvara], ~ [carvaro] n shepherd, herdsman. 2 adj (one) who tends sheep and cattle etc. "carvaro syam dhenu h."-krrsan. See tlaiile'd. ea~e'a [carvedar] P -,IJ''-Jf one who looks after the cattle; shepherd boy. "carvedar tahI IEgayo."-cclrrtr 122. ~ [carau]).a] v graze the cattle. "kab-hii na par utan caraIhu."-asa kabir. 2 employ, use, apply. "bhasam jaraI caraiJJIbhuta."-gau mS. tl"d"fu3r [caraIta] See Ftia'Gl3'. ~ [carai] wages for grazing the cattle. 2 act of grazing the cattle. 3 See ~ 2. 'tl"ij'T'U'T [caraha] See ~tJT. "banI ape gaucaraha."-sor m 4. tJ'ij'l'Cf [carak], B'd"dT [carag] P if.{ n oil lamp; earthen lamp. 2 light, radiance. "kotI c;}drame
~

traH".

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karahr carak."-bher a kabir. "guru canal) gran carag."-var bIla m 4. tre"altit [caragciJ P, T adj who lights the lamp. 2 n torch-beare; . tr6"iW'U [caragah] P ,(t~ n place where cattle are grazed; pasture. 'tldi:d!Hcl i [caracejaha], mr:at ~ [carace falak] P Ulf.t,~ n lamp of the world i.e the sun. "tl'd'tJij' [caracar] animate and inanimate, living and non-living, active and inert. tRJIO [caran] feet, plural ofcarano "seva gurcaran ha."-asa m 5. "basahr rrdE mohr harr caranE."-kalI m 5. ~ [caravan] v graze cattle. 2 apply, fix. "harr harr namu caravahu raganr."--asa m 5. 3 offer, present. "gobid puja kaha IE caravau?" -guj ravIdas. 4 put over (something). "basan majr caravahr uparr."-asa kabil'. 5 climb, make someone mount a conveyance. ~ [carava] See ~. 2 See ~~. trfa' [carr] See tRJ?iT. 2 having climbed. "gau carr SIgh pache pavE."-gau m 5. 'One cannot succeed by attacking a lion while rid ing a cow.' trfa{i [carro], 'tlfuw [carra] adj gmzed, ate. 2 found, got. "hath carro harr thoka." -guj m 5. 3 roamed, moved. "khojat carro dekhau prra jai."-suhi m 5. See B~. ~ [carrar] adj who has four paramours. "carrar narr athkheli."-BG. 2 who moves about. 3 who grazes. See B"a". ~ [carrkE] by climbing. See tRJ()T 2. 'tIfts' [carrt] Skt n trait, misdeed. 2 action, deed. "apne carrt prabhr apr banae."-sukhmani. 3 ritual, custom. 4 description, narration. 'tlfadida [carrtarath] Skt ~ adj grateful, useful. 2 successful. 3 proper. ~ [carrtr] Skt n footman, soldier (infantry). 2 character, misdeed, trait. 3 narra.tion, description. 4 a part ofDasam Granth containing stories ofthe tricks played by men and women

J'tl

on one an other is often called C<'lrrtr though the original title is carrtropakhyan. Though they are 405, the actual number is 404. Number 325 is given after writing only "rtr sri", without any carrtr. In the preface to this book, it is written that a celestial beauty felt drawn! to a handsome king Chitar Singh2 and a son, Hanuwant Singh, was born to them. 3 Chitar Singh"s newly married wife Rani Chitarmati was charmed by the elegant and handsome youth Hanuwant Singh. She expressed a desire for union with him. But the pious Hanuwant Singh refused to have any immoral relationship with his stepmother. As a result, Chitarmati accused Hanuwant Singh of immoral conduct and compelled her husband to order his execution. 4 But the wise and sagacious minister ofthe king tried to dissuade him from doing so. Hoping to remove the doubts ofthe king, he narrated the fraudulent ways by which cunning women have tried to have their sway over their husbands. 5 In these carrtrs figure incidents from Hindu shastars, and the book entitled Bahardanish, stories from the Mughal dynasty, narratives from Rajputana and tales from Panjab. Some
l"cItravati nagri vIkhe cItrasfgh nrIp ek.". 2"rahi O)psara rijh rup lakh raI ko.". J"ek putr tate bhayo amIt rup ki khanI. maharudr hil rIS karE kamdev pahIcanI.". 4"oQchesaja ki hItu cItr-mati tIh nam. hanvat sfgh-hi: so rahE cItvat ath6 jam.'" "vaki kahi na nuapsut mani. cItr-mati tab bhai klnsani." "phar cir kar apne mukh nakhghaI lagal:. raja ko rokhIt kIyO tan ko cIhan dIkhaI." "bacan sunat kruddhIt nrIp bhayo. maran het sut-hi: lEgyo." 5"m5trIn an ray samjhayo. trIycarItr kInhu nahI payo."

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tlC'SC!'i!'d'

incidents from individual experience too have been related. The idea behind these narratives is that, driven by passion, men should not blindly follow the wiles ofcunning women as by doing so, they run the risk of ruining themselves completely. J However it does not mean that one should not trust one's virtuous wife or other noble women. What is actually meant is that one should not lose one's sense of discretion by giving way to carnal desires. ~~ [cantropakhyan] See ~ 4. ;;ret [carl] millet, green fodder. See ~. 2 adj eaten. 3 (feminine gender) rode. "c:>p cari caturag camu."-kalki. 4 found, discovered (used for feminine gender). "aeft carl hathI han han teka."-bhEr a m 5. 'has got the support ofthe One who is free of all anxiety.' ~ [caria] adj who grazes. "caria jou bache."-krrsan. 'who grazed calves.' ~ [cariE] let us eat or swallow. 2 let us ride. "bohIthI cariE."-maru solhe m 1. ~ [caridan] P l:J~~ v cattle's act ofgrazing. See Skt tRf vr. vg [caru] Skt n sacrificial food, grains and other eatables, meant to be used during religious ceremonies. 2 containers for food to be used during such ceremonies. 3 boiled rice which has not been strained. 4 meadows, pastures. 5 rent for using the meadows. 6 oblation. 7 cloud, rain. tJV [caru] See tl'g. W [carE] grazes or eats grass. "kudI kudI carE rasa tal I paI."-gau kabir. 2 get, find. "phIrI Ia ausaru carE na hatha."-bavan. 3 (the sun) may rise. "sur carE pnu dekhE
'''kotI kas( syane sahE, kESO dahE anag, nEk neh nahI kijIye tau tarunI ke sag-- cantr 7/. "parE apda kESIyE kO(I kast sahIlet. tau sughar nar Istrran bhed na apno det-carItr /9.

nEni." -mala m 5 pdrtal. 4 rises. "bhar parai SIn carE."-s kabir. WliIT [carEya] adj cowherd, shepherd. 2 who moves about. 3 one who makes an offering. ri'tlt [car5ji] See ft::rn";:ft. ~ [carajivi] See~. "bapu hamara sad carajivi."-bhEr m 5. mf33r [carat-tal n movement, act of moving. "sthavro sthnat-ta, cara bIkhE carat-ta."-NP. rio [caran] to the feet. See ~. "dekh caran aghan haryau. "-savEye m 4 ke. trifo [caranI] at the feet. "ju caranI guru CI t lavat hE."-savEye m 4 ke. ~ [carhavan] v offer, donate, surrender. "manahI carhavau dhup."-jEtm 4. ~ [carhava] n offering, donation, dedication. "kou carhava lutatbhayo."-NP. q [carhE] may climb, See W. tm" [cal] Skt "m\ vr shake, tremble, vibrate, gambol. 2 adj inconstant, fickle. "cal CIt bIt anIt pna bIn."-brha chat m 5.3 n mercury. 4 mind; heart. 5 a poetic form; a couplet in Punjabi, See ~ 8. 6 fraud, deceit. 7 defect, fault. ~ [calcoza] See ~. ~ [calCIt], ~ [calcItu] Skt ~ adj who has a fickle and inconstant mind; who is not stable. "calcIt VIt bhrama bhrama. "-guj a m 1. "matI bhaviphnahI calcItu."-sava m3. tme!' [calaD] n conduct, misdeed, character. 2 departure, act of going (dying). "jmi calaD jaDIa, se kIU karahI vIthar?"-var suhi m 2. 3 custom, tradition. 4 movement. 5 Dg feet; limbs which help in movement. "cabaD calaD ratan."-s farid. 'teeth, feet and eyes.' tlC'S&l'd [calaDhar], tlM<!(Jlijl [cal;whara], tl'M<!U'9 [calaDharu] adj mortal. 2 who departs (from this world). "cale calaDhar."-asa farid. "sabhu jagu calaDharu."-var asa. tlMC!"i!'ij' [calaDvara] adj See tlM<!diijl. 2 n time

rn

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to depart. "at sakhai calat:\vara."-maru solhe

m1.
[calt:\a] v go, depart. 2 disappear from one's place of stay. See tr5. ~ [calI:lU] See t3"ffi! 2. "calat:\u rIdE samalI." -m;;Jla m 3. 2 See t3"ffi! 3. "agE ca!at:\u :>r hE bhai."-mali m 5. ~ [calatl Skt 'tlfuo n conduct. "jIs de calat anek."-sri m 5. 2 account of credit with a grocer. 3 adj mortal, inconsistent. "tan dhan joban calat gaIa."-brla m 5. 4 continuing, departing. ~ [caltau] adj clever, fickle. "caltau manu rakhE amrItu cakhE."-asa m 1. ;mag [caltaru] See ~. iU'Sdb.l1ij [caltibar] n time to depart from this world; time to die. 2 adv at the time of death. "caltibar tero kachu nahI. "-b;;Js.t ;;J m 1. ~ [caIto], ;::n;;3' [calt:>] adj transitory, fickle. 2 n mind. "calt:> thakI rakhahu ghan apnE." -sorm 1. ~ [caldal] Skt n peepul tree of which the leaves are always moving. L Ficus lreligiosa. "so caldal ko taru tatkala. haro hotbha patr bIsala. "-NP. 'tRffi [cal;m] See tll"r(!'. 2 n act of going; movement. "caran calan kau. "-ram am 5. eMnijlij [calanhar], eM(')uiijl [calanhara], eMC'lUIS! [calanharul See eM<!U1d. ~ [calna] v depart, move, go. "caUl ta bhIjE kabli."-s f;;Jrid. 2 have sway over, have a say. "dati sahIb sadia kIa calE tIsu naII?"-var sri m 1. "jIvjatun ka cali? cIt let cor su mEn." -par;;Js. 'What power do men have? It steals the heart of even Kam.' tJM7it [calni] averting, avoiding. "sahe IIkhe na calni."-s f;;Jrid. 'The time of death can't be averted.' It is inevitable. n sieve. "calni me jEse dekhiat hE anekchIdra."-BGK. 'tJMtw [calvEya] adj who makes a thing move,
tflifc!T

who inspires. 2 clever, which mOVl~S when desired; for example, a horse. tl'W [cala] See BW'. 2 Skt n lightning. 3 goddess of wealth; material world. ~ [calaut:\a] v urge, goad, drive, p,~rsuade, set in motion. 2 remove, efface. "na calE calaIa."-var majh m 1. 'Consequences can never be averted.' ~ [calau] adjmortal, transitory. "sonIvahu gaQI jo calau na thiE."-var maru 2 m 5. 2 which makes something move. eM'reriJ [calaIhI] moves. 2 inspires. "jIU tu calaIhI tIV calah suami."-;;Jn.du. trWit [calaiJ n act of going; movement. 2 gait. 3 reference, context. "manukh ki kahu ket calai."-asa m 5. 'What is there to talk ofman?, tJ'MTijT [calaha] adj temporary. 2 wiped off. "kIrat na calE calaha he."-maru solhe m 3. trM"'a' [calak], tI"M"i5ft [calaki] See ~-,ijT'M'TOft'. tn'STc!" [calaJ).a] departure, march. 2 xa pass away, leave for the next world. tJM1il1' [calava] adj one who drives or moves. 2 n movement, speed, gait. [calI] on the move, moving cleverly. "manu dah dISI calI calI bharmIa. "-suhi c11.t m 4. 2 by moving, by walking. una [calIt], ~ [calItr] See 'tlfuo and ~. "calIt tumare pragat pIare."-majh m.5. ~ [calIda] adj who makes something go. "cap ke calfda."--gyan. 'who employ bow and arrow.' 2 mortal. tI(fW' [calUbh], ~!:r' [calUbha] See~. ~ [calul], ~ [calula], ~ [calulIa], ~ [caluli], ~ [calulu], ~ [calule] V-~ like a pearl, shining like a pearl. 2 deep red. "suke kasat haracalul."-ram m 5. 'Dry trees have blossomed into green leaves and deep red flowers' i.e; 'The poor, humble, unfortunate people who were afflicted with pain 'are flourishing with joy.' "rag calulE naI."-sri m 4.

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tr::rFr T

"bastra hamare rag calul."-asa m 5. "rup lal calulu."-sor a m I. ;ffiJ::rfu [calesahI] ~ will go, will proceed. ~ [calata] adj inconstant, mortal. 2 adv on the move, in motion. 3 continuous. tffialll'5 [calatikhel] n game of skill, trick involving nimbleness of hand. "jotIk VEd calatikhele."-BG. 2 act (art) of playing roles. "e'l'ffl [calatho], "tl'mt [calathJ] adj (one) that goes; (something) that can go. "kiratI sath calatho." -gatha. ~ [calabh] See ~. tRi' [calha] P LlJ~ tm [cah] (well) ~ [lay] (slush). slush near the well. 2 pit of mire. W [cay] n four. "cari cavgal).I vani."-var vac;f m4. 2 See~. ~ [cavka] See ~. ~ [cavgal).], ~ [c;wgal).I], ~ [cavgul).], ~ [cavgun] adj four times. See ~. ~ [caval).u] S n speech, articulation. "gurbal).i nIt nIt cava."-suhi ch~t m 4. "nanak dharam Ese cavahI."-sava m 5. "S<lbhI cavahu mukhahu jaganath. "-var kan m 4. "sacu cavaiE."-var majh m I. "harI harI nam cavIa."-tukha ch~t m 4. "jhuthe bEl). cave kamI na avae jiu."-dhana ch~t mI. ~ [cavtal] See tJTO 3"(? 2 adj forty-fourth. "satrahI SE cavtal me sayan SUdI budhvar. n<lgar pavta me tumo raCIO grath sudhar." -krIsan. ~ [cavdahl n fourteen. ~ [cavadh] n glitter. 2 panic, dread. "dhyan taj p<lrat cav<ldh munI. "--ramav. ~ [cavan] See ~. 2 See ~. ~ [C<lVpEya] See ~ and ~ 2. ~ [cavar] n fly whisk. "pavanu cavro k<lrE." -sohIla. ~ [cavra] adj wide. "mukh cavrayo." -knsan. 2 See ~. ~ [cavrasi], tl~d'Hl() [cavrasih] Skt eighty-

four. "cavrasih lakh jonI upai."-saveye m 4 ke. t1iii!d i Hlu fi::ftr [cavrasih sIddh] See ~ ffltr. t1iii!d i ~ Rfo [cavrasih lakh jom] See ~

mu

~m?>.

~ [cavrayo] widened, spread. See~.

'tI'iii!'ST [cavaru] fly whisk. See~. "kesa ka kan cavaru qhulava."-suhi m 5. tJiii!i [cava] to speak (I wish to), to say (1 wish to). See~. ~ [cavau], ~ [cavan], ~ [cavai], ~ [cavai] to say, said, let us say, may speak. See ~. ~ [caval).] n place of articulation, mouth. "phune caval).."-c~c;fi 2. "kopar cur caval).i." -c~c;fi 3. 'Having crushed the mouth and the skull into powder.' ~ [c<lvav], ~ [cavIa] See ~. 2 may chew. "kubudhI cavaVE so kItu thaI?"

-sIdhgosatI . rn [cavil See ~. "cavi cavqi."-VN. 'Chamunda said so.' 2 See ~. ~ [c<lve], W [cave], ~ [cavada] says. See
~.

~ [cavhi] twenty-four. tr.r [car] See ~. tr.m" [caras] n leather bag used to draw water from the well. See ;:sw. 2 an intoxicant made from the juice of delicate leaves of cannabis. It is modified form of hemp and is smoked. It has the effect of dryness and adversely affects brain and muscles. Those addicted to it lose their manliness, become impotent and look very dirty, filthy and clumsy. tffl1fT [carsa] See ~ I. 2 a ten-acre measure of land which can be irrigated with a leather bag called carsa. The measure is only approximate. It may be a little less or more depending on the depth of water in the well.

See~.

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~ [car;'ida], ~ [car;)di] adj of superior 2 who draws out water with a leather bag. qual ity, excellent, the chosen one. "Ik du IkI tm'3' [carat] n offering to the deity, donation etc. c;;lr;)dia kauDu jaDE mera nau jiu?"-suhi m 1 2 departure. 3 attack on the enemy. kUGJji. ~ [caratsfgh] brother of Dan Singh, a ~ [carhsfgh] See ~ 2. Malwai (from the Malwa region of Punjab) tr.f3' [carhat] See BE. Sikh in the court ofGuru Gobind Singh. 2 head tJWiT [carhna] See B;RiT. ofSukarchakia misl (confederation), paternal tl~i~C!1 [carhauDa] See ~. grandfather of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who was ~ [carhava] n offering to the deity. 2 departure, born in Sammat 1779. He fought many battles invasion. 3 gifts (clothes, jewellery etc) sent on the side ofthe Khalsa. On his own initiative for the bride before marriage. and strength, he created a princely state of tJT [cal n elation, exultation, bliss. 2 act oflifting. Gujranwala, over which he ruled. He died in 3 See tJTGr. 1832, due to an accidental shot from his own tMI [caul n enthusiasm, aspiration, glee:. "mallI cau bhaIa prabh agamu SUDIa."-anadu. gun. Prachin Panth Prakash refers to his name as Charh Singh. tMI tJTElw [cau caHa] adjeager, gleefuL "mIlI tJ;fOT [carnal v ride or mount a horse. "can cau caile pran."--asa chal m 5. deharI ghori."--va<;i gllO[ia. 2 go up. "carI ~ [cauDa] v lift, raise. bohathE calasalu. "-var maru 1 III 4. 3 xa ~ [caul] n rice. "caul pa~am de~ mam hoi." -NP. pass away. 4 attack the enemy, invade the ~ [caula] See ~. enemy territory. 5 ascend. ~ [cara] n kite. "tajI mas cara uc;l ap cali. "-datt. ~ [caur] n playfulness, frivolity. 2 prank. ~ [carau] n ascendance. 2 progress, tJTft [cau] adj eager, fervent. 2 n a devotee from Bambi subcaste, who was a resident of improvement, development. 3 surrender, Suitanpur and was initiated into Sikhism by offering. "sevak sevahI kClramI CCirau. "-var . asa. 'The devout serve the Lord and dedicate Guru Arjan Dev. themselves and their deeds without expecting tJ'Tfr [cao] See ~ and f'af't3f3". tJTfu [caI] See tMI and tJTGr. "sada caI han anything in return.' bhaI."--saveye m 4 ke. "tamase bahu bIdhi ~ [cClraUDa] cause ascent, rise el:c. 2 make caI lagrrahIa."-sri a m 5. 2 adv having a person ride. 3 surrender. 4 wear. "kapar ;)gI picked up, by lifting. "hath caI dijE."-carItr caraIa."-bIla m 3. 109. ~ [carau] adj who offers or surrenders. 2 who rides. "bhau bera, jia CClrau. "-maru m 1. ~ [caIa] picked up. See ~.~. 2 n yearning, aspiration. "mallI upjIa caIa."-bIla ;;fir [can] adv by boarding. See B;f(')T. tsT [cari] See t:fS7iT. 2 See ~. 3 will ride. ch5t m 5. "satIguru apna mana I 1 ta rup cari.'''-var suhi ~ [caIDu] S v utter, get someone speak. See ~. 2 lift, pick up. m3. ~ [cariE] adjsupcrior, excellent. "sabh da tJ1Et [cai] lifted, picked up. 2 adjeager, zealous. khasamu hE sabh du tu c;:JriE." -var gau 1 m 4. ~ [caia], ~ [caHa] adj zealous, enthusiastic, eager. "saj;:JDu mEc;la caia."-var 2 See B;RiT.

tr.n=it [carsi] adjwho takes hemp, the intoxicant.

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mam2 m5.

well. 3 n land irrigated with water from a well.

lJ~ n something worth tasting. 3 sweetened " made thick. Syrupy sweets like jalebis water are prepared by dipping them in it. See Skt tJFf vr. 4 colour of gold or silver from which the purity of a metal is checked. iJIRfoilt!ld [casavIdar] Dg n one who ploughs land, farmer, ploughman. 2 a blade in front of the plough, ploughshare. ~ [cah] n eagerness, keen desire. "cahahI tujhahI daIar!"-asa chat m 5.2 recollection, vision, sight. "cah rahE cItt me knpa ki ek cah ki."-52 kavI. 3 P 6f deep well. 4 See tfTlif. ~ [cahak], ~ [cahaku] adjdesirous, eager. "cahak tat samat sare."--savEye m 4 ke. 'desirer ofthe supreme spirit, and the ocean ofequality. 2 who sees. tJIU3" [cahat] wants. desires. 2 sees, looks. tJTm') [cahan], tJTU?iT [cahna] v desire, seek. 2 see, look, See ?C{. 3 n craving, longing. "manahu pratikhat purvi cah<H1."--GPS. ~ [cah<Jl] a subcaste of Jatts. 2 a village in police station Barki tehsil and district Lahore. A gurdwara in memory ofGuru Nanak Dev is located here. His maternal grandparents lived here. The Guru visited this place a number of times. Bibi Nanki was born here. A simple building of a gurdwara stands. Guru Granth Sahib is installed. A baptised Sikh performs the duties of a priest. Thirty bigha~ of land has been attached to the gurdwara, which is located eight miles in the south east corner of railway station Lahore Cantonment. [cahI] See B"I(J. 2 adv by finding. 3 by looking. tJIftre [cahIe], tJTfuit [cahIye] part ought to, should, ask for. 2 proper. ~ [cahIll See ~. tJTtit [cahi] desirous, keen. 2 P 0'lr related to a

tJ1'R" [cas],

tJlFI?ft [casni] Dg n earth, land. 2 P

tPtitt [cahie], ~ [cahiye] See tJlftre.

tJlfr [cahe] part or, although, though. 2 See"6!(J'OT.
[cak] n circular wooden frame. "cak te kGbh turat utaryo."-krrsan. 2 wheel. 3 a sub caste of Jatts. 4 P JI:> crack. 5 sound produced by the clash of we~pons like swords etc. 6 T J adj firm, strong. 7 healthy. 8 n time, period. 9 E chalk. iJTa" ~ [cak caky] Skt n glitter, glamour. 2 brightness, shine. 3 grandeur. urcci'Q'd" [cakcudhar] See BOftj'Q'd" and tfij'Q'd". "kIte cakcudhar carhe kak bahi."-carrtr405. 'tI'cf [cakar] P flo. n servant, attendant. ~ [cakri] n se;vice, attendance. "jInI gur ki kiti cakri tInI sad baIIhari."-tIlag m 4. ~ [cakaru] See 'tI'cf. "cakaru lagE cakri je G)IE khasmE bhaI."-var asa. ~ [cakrem] P (-ff short for cakar hastem. 'We are servants.' tJ1CU [caki] n flour mill, grinding mill. "caki catahI cun khahI."--basat kabir. 2 coagulated piece of some object in the shape ofbarfi (an Indian sweet). 3 sod around a plant's root. tPg [caku] See tJ1Q". ~ [caku] P }f n knife, penknife. tf'1;f [cakh] See BTlfOT. Skt '<Tl'( eat. 2 See tplj". tf'l:f3" [cakhat] tasting, relishing. 2 on realising; just afterta<;ting. "cakhathoI rahahI bIsmadu." --gau m 5. 3 Skt ~ because of eyesight. "pekhat cakhat kahiE adha."-suhi m 5. 'is regarded as blind even when having eyesight.' tr'lfi'iT [cakhna] v taste, relish a bite. See tJFf. tJIf1:f [caklu] by tasting, on relishing. "cakhI guga muskavat."-sar m 5. ~ [cakhIara] tasted, relished. "cakhIara mE h<JrIr<Js mitha. "--asa chat m 4. ~ [cakhIba] tasted, relished. "haruasu cakhIba."-jEt m 4. tJllit [cakhi] tasted. "maha bIkhIamad cakhi."
tJ1Q"

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-sar m 4. 2 n a piece of meat fed to birds of frolicsomeness, pertness. "dcacdll ~g~i."-ddtt. prey so as to sharpen their taste fall' preying. inactive organs. "baj hVE gvarcm kanh ddi jdb cakhi."-krrsdn. ~ [caeaphdggol See ~. ~ [cakhu] Skt~ adj of eyes, relating to tJ1G [cat] n desire to lick, desire to taste. "catdu eyes. 2 n evil eye. "hdn SImrdt kdChu cakhu pClg, cat."-kan m 4 pdrtal. 2 worth r~~lishing, nd joh." -bhcr m 5. "ram nam jo jdn jdp... t~tu sauce-like delicacy worth licking. 3 Skttraitor, matu ndh jOhdi tItu cakhu nd lagE." traitorous. 4 cheat. -bIla m 5. tJIGWO [eatsar], ~ [catsal], ~ [catsala] ;rrtt ~cakhE] takes pleasure in tasting; tastes, See ~. "ape catsal apI hE padha."-var relishes. 2 experiences by sight. "sabddu bIha m 4. dipdku vdrtE tIhu loT. jo eakh so nIrmalu tJ1COT [catnal v lick noisely, lap. "jdn nandk pritI hOI."-dhdna m 3. sadhpdg cate."-gau m 4. iJior [dig] n shout, shriek, call. "kukedIa tJ"GJT [catra] n disciple, follower, student. This cagedIa mdti dedIa nIt."--S fClrid. 2 S adj word is derived from vr edt. i.e. a person who is attracted towards Guru's teaching after brave. 3 Skt TnW n teeth's whiteness or beauty. U'a'JT [caga], tJioIr [caga] Skt ~r adj beautiful, getting detached from others. "apI hE padha, graceful. "jIu kUSClm can dIn caga."-mali ape catre pdrd!) kau a!)e."-var bIh'a m 4. m4. "padha gurrrukhI akhiE catpa mdtI deI." ~ [cagedIal crying, shouting. See -oakar. 'ij1W [cacdr], ~ [cacriJ See~. 2 a poetic tJ"GT [cata], BTit [cati] n large earthen pitcher metre. It is another name of sudhi metre, with a wide mouth. characteristed by four lines, each line arranged ~ [catvl Skt '<IlS n sweet tongue. 2 flattery. as 151, S. ~ [caQal] See ~. 2 adj of the outcaste Example: or low born person. dlekh hE. dbhekh hE. tJija [caQurl, tli~S! [caQurul See tl'~d. "k;'is kesu anam h. akamhE.. -japu. caduru nCl koi."--gau a m 1. (b) Its second form is 1?d1?i which has each line ~ [ca!)aky] Skt adj prepared with gram with one yClgCl!), figuring as ISS: flour. 2 n a scholar of diplomacy born in the gubfde. muk~de. udare. dpare .. --japu. lineage of sage Chankya. The diplomacy The same form is used in Kalki Avtar also: introduced by Chankya is very popular. He was an advisor ofChandar Gupt-the ruler ofPatna, hdkarE. pdcarE. prdharE. krdvarE. Bhai Santokh Singh has also employed the belonging to Maurya dynasty. His real name same form in Guru Partap Suray: was Vishnu Gupt. Chankya helped Chandar tuphagE'. nISag. uthai. cdlai. Gupt become an emperor after putting an end to the Nand dynasty through his diplomatic 3 Skt ~ adj highly frolicsome. 4 moving astuteness. The birth place of Chanakya was aslant. 5 n sword, that cuts in a slanting way. "caCClr cClmkardn. "---akal. Takshila town in district Rawalpindi. Another eieaea [cacrocClr~l sing songs of Holi. See name ofChanakya is mentioned as Kotalya in many scriptures. The text composed by him is tI'a'tI'dl2. "karat cacrocar5."-ramav. lJllJ(IS" [cdcdlll, ~ [cacCllyl Skt "lT3f,~ n named as Arth Shastar or Kautalya Shastar.

war.

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-maru CJm5. [cal).akynitIl, ~ [cal).aka] ~ [cadni] n moonlight. 2 white sheet that is Chanakyaniti Shastar variously known as spread on the floor. 3 a plant bearing white cal).aka, carl).aka, cal).aka etc. See ~ 2. flowers. L Tabernaemontana Coronaria. ~ [cal).ur] See tl'~o. 2 per Mahabharat, a Massaging with extract from its flowers by ruler. mixing it with oil cures one of eczema. The tJI'3q [catak] Skt n a bird that seeks raindrops milky extract of its leaves and roots is used in from the cloud; rainbird. L Cucculus several medicines. 4 canopy. Melanoleucus. t1 it!C'lli3Cl [cadnic:>k] n a major crossing of a tJTd"ij' [catar] ~ [catur] Skt T.1T1t adj clever, town, where four lanes or bazaars meet; city intelligent. 2 n flatterer. 3 four-cornered seat. plaza, with great hustle and bustle. "tIn ko 4 four-wheeled vehicle. c::>kcadni maryo." -CCJTI tr 163. 2 a famous ~QHTR' [caturmas] Skt illl1JAfttl n a job that bazaar of Shahjahanabad (Delhi), where gets done in four months. 2 period between stands Guru Tegh Bahadur's martyrdom 12th day of the bright phase of lunar month memorial named Sis Ganj. See f'm. Harh and 12 th day of the bright phase of lunar ~ [cadmari] n act of practising riflemonth Kattak. Due to a lack of shelters and shooting at Bull's eye. roads, in ancient times, the rich people used to tJTe'a' [cadar] P .J)~ n sheet; sheet of cloth for offer lodging and boarding to saints and wearing over the body. 2 wavy marble slab scholars in their towns so that they did not beneath a fountain upon which falling watersuffer due to inclement weather. I drops look very beautiful; waterfall, cascade. "nir jharE kahO cadCJr."-kTIsCJn. 3 a kind of ~ [catura] adj clever (woman). ~ [caturi] n cleverness. 2 deceit, treachery. firework, sparks of which scatter like a sheet. 3 adjclever. "kami krodhi caturi."~maru kabir. "caddr jhar chutat phulvari."-GPs. 'tI" [catrak], ~ [catnk] n rainbird. See tJTe'a' cit WH [cadar ki 1ail n woman's practice ~. "catnk! tu na jal).hi kIa tudhu VICI tIkha of fidelity to her husband (as she puts on the hE."-var mala m 3. 2 seeker of knowledge, head cover presented atthe time of marriage); who is oblivious of all pleasures other than keeping one's character unblemished. 2 saving the chastity ofa lady by helping her. "cadar ki spiritual bliss. t1if4Clfild [catnkaCIt] adj one whose feeling 1ajja tE rakhi."-cCJTItr 302. is similar to that of a rainbird, which cares for tJTe'a' ~ [cadar paul).i] v marry a widow; nothing other than a raindrop. "catnkCIt sUCIt act of marrying a widow by covering her head. su sajan cahiE."-phunhe m 5. tJTe'a' ~ [cadar lahul).i] v put off the head tJit!' [did] n moon. 2 anything looking like the cover presented by one's husband during moon; object looking like the moon. marriage ceremony, that is, to desert one's tJi'eor [didna] n moonlight. 2 light, brightness. husband. 2 be shameless. "didna cadanu aganI prabhjiu alan cadna." ~ [cadraja] n ruler belonging to the lunar I Maharaja Narendar Singh ofPatiala used to spend rupees dynasty. 2 ruler of Chandar Giri. 3 ruler of one and qual1er lac during "caturmas" (period of four Chandar Nagar. months) onee every year. t1it!.~pm [cadvasi] adj resident of Chandar
t1 1C!cC:i101fa

See~2.

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Nagar. 2 resident of ChandaI' Giri. erudite.' 3 See~. titer [cada] ~ [cadagarh] an important town ~ [candI).I] due to light. "tIS dE CandIJ.I sabh mahI canaI).u hOI."-sohrla. in Central Provinces (CP). Its ancient name was Chandarpur. "cadni si cadagarh."-akal. ~ [candI).u], ~ [canaI).u] moonlight. 2 light, radiance. "sabh mahI canaI).u hOI."--sohrla. i1 ieifdlfa [didagIrI] See ti\~rdlrd tJit!t [cadi] n silver; a white metal used for "kan suraju cadu canaI).u."-sor m 4. 3 miracle making coins and ornaments. 2 shining scalp, of learning. 4 self-enlightenment. "canaI).u bald head. "jal Qhovat SIr cadi parL"-~GPS. hOVE ChOQE haumE mera."-majh <1 m 3. tJTtf [cap] n bow made of bamboo. See Btf vr. ~ [cadikorh] leukoderma. See ~~. 2 threat, awe. "kalu na capE dukhu na satap." ~ [cadrl Skt adj related to the moon; lunar; -majh a m 3. "kaJu na capE hanguI). gaI." pertaining to the moon. 2 n moon's sphere. 3 lunar month ono days. 4 See 1J7KP" and ~ -oakar. "It ut jahI kal ke cape."-asa <1 m 1. 4. 5 grammar composed by Chandar Muni. ~ [capguI).] n string of a bow, bowstring. See IFlC w;:r wft:r. tf'l.fC!T [capI).a] v press, compress. See tJTtf. 2 massage; press muscles. 3 cover distance. ~ [cadrmas] See ~. ~ [cadrayaI).] Skt n ~: ~ }}17lo a fast, "bat cape jat hE."-ramav. observance of which leads (entitles) one to tJTtfit [capIJ.i] army of bowmen.-s<1nama. enter the lunar world. According to Mitakshra ~ [capaI).u] S See tJTl.IdT. the procedure for observing this fast is as tl"tfO [capan], tJTtfc'iT [cap na] See tJTl.IdT. tJItft [capi] Skt ~ adj bowman. 2 n Shiv. follows: On the first day of the bright phase of a 3 key. 4 act of pressing muscles with hands. "thakIt hOI tIh capi bharE."-GPS. lunar month, the person on fast must take only one morsel equivalent to the size ofa peacock's tl'"a" [cab] n chewable, roasted grains, grams etc. egg in the evening after taking bath three times during the day. He is permitted to take two ~ [cabak], BTaCg [cabaku] P"'(f adjactive, clever. 2 n hunter's whip. "tanI premu han morsels on the 2 nd day, thus increasing one han JaI cabaku."-vdQ m 4 ghoria. morsel per day so that he would take fifteen morsels on the full moon day. He would take iI"'a"i'i" [caban], tJTaOT [cabna] v chew. 2 See tJ'I"aQ. fourteen morsels on the 15t day of the dark tI"'aQ [cabanu] n chewable material. "ham kau cabanu un kau roti."-g5c;i kdbir. 2 See-;:rrao. phase ofthe lunar month, in decreasing order, thus to take nothing on the new moon night. tJTSt [cabi] n key. Many more procedures for observing this fast ~ [cabuk] See ~. "hIcahI ta prem ke cabuk marau." -gdU k<1bir. are mentioned in various Hindu scriptures, but all those are consonant with taking morsels in ~ ~ [cabuk rakeb] P ~...(f adf expert increasing/decreasing number with variation of horse rider, great horse rider. the lunar phases. See ~. 2 See l:fo<JT and 'tJ'1V kabul who chews. 2 chewable, fit for chewing as "makki cabu ho gai h." ~4. ~ [cabhaJna] v be defiant, be disobedient; tJ17j'(!" [candI).], ~ [canI).a] moonlight. 2 light, be disrespectful. See~. radiance. "bahan dISE canI).a, dIlI adhIari ratI."-s farid. 'fayade of seeming pure and tp}f [cam] n skin, leather. 2 shield. "cam ki ot

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'iJTHiIr

nIvaryo. "-krIsCln. ~ [camkan], ~ [camkanI] shine; give light. "camkanI tare."-asa cMH ill 5. 'e'H c} ~ [cam ke cakar] keenly charmed by fair-skinned ladies; servile to other women; lecherous. Iobhi Iavar gavar maha sath bhekh banay cahE sukh dham ke, sis mOc;lay asi sam hovat bava ke bava gulam hE gam ke, nah kabE tIn ko sukh "das ju" je gurunfdak ath-hO jam ke, rilm ke nam ke kam ke nahan kam ke kukar cakar cam ke. 'e'H c} ~ [cam ke dam] n leather coins, leather currency. It is a well known fact that once Nijam Bhisti saved emperor Humayun from drowning. The emperor made Nijam the ruler for half-a-day as reward for this kind act. He issued leather coins in place of metallic ones during this short period. 2 getting one's writ implemented. "cam ke dam calaI Iae tum." -krIsan. sahIbi paI ajan kahil tu sujanan hi ke bure kahu dhavE, jJ dhan hath bure ke parE tu bhalen hu ke kachu kam na aVE, jogI bac;lhE tu banaykE khappar cadan kat bIbhut banavE, jJ dIn car mIlE kahO raj camar tu cam ke dam calavE. ~ [camcarIkk] Skt BJ-fucw n a bird having leather wings. It belongs to the bat family. It hides itself in dark places during the day and eats mosquitoes, insects etc while flying during the night. ~ [camr] n bunch of hair on the tail offemale yak; whisk. 2 a poctic metre, also called somvallari and tUl)., marked by four lines, each line having fifteen characters in alternate

sequence of guru and Iaghu, that is SIS, 151, SIS, 151,515, Exmaple: sastra astra IE sakop bir bolkE sabE, kop op dE hathi su dhaykE pare tClbE, kan ke praman ban tan tan chorhi, jujh jujhkE marE na nEk mukkh morhi -kCllki. 3 a demon, who was killed by goddess Durga. "camar se ral). cIcchur se."-VN. 4 Bhai Sukha Singh has used camClr for ~ClrClm in Guruvilas Patshahi Dasvin. "layo tabE cukaI nath tJ nd jan camra." 'His skin (leather) got picked up.' ~ [camri] n female yak; hil.! cow. It is mostly found in Tibet. ~ [camro] n leather, skin. "pClvClnI aphar tor camro."-sar ill 5.2 See trHa". ~ [camrag] ~ a famous town, one hundred fifty miles to the south of Madras. There exists a famous holy place ofMahadev (Shiv). Its importance is described in thirtyeighth chapter of the sixth part of Devi Bhagwat. "camrag ke des me."-CClrItr 86. ~ [camalna] See~. "bhammi je kamrat camli apar hi."-NP. ~ [camikar] Skt n ore extracted from a mine named camikar (kntsvar); gold. tJT)jii5T [camOc;laJ Skt ~ n goddess Durga, who killed demons Chand and Mund. 2 a goddess that emerged from the forehead of Durga to kill the demons Chand and Mund. According to Markandey Puran, a goddess appeared from the frowns on the forehead of Durga. The goddess so created was terrifYing in appearance and dark in colour. She had a sword in one hand and a noose in the other. She had a heavy mace on her shoulder, and bore a rosary of skulls around the neck, and the skin of elephants on the body. With mouth agape and tongue stretched out, she looked

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1175 kaha h?"-knsaTI. terrible, with frightening red eyes whooping in a challenging way. After killing both the tJTO nrarfo [car dganI], trra' ra1?ilnfT [car dgnia] demons, she took their heads to Durga. Pleased See B'"a"~. 2 Sanskrit scholars have divided fire into four types: with her bravery, Durga named her Chamunda. Bush or forest fire (used for baking. This There is an elegant and famous temple of fire can burn a forest). Chamunda near Sindhal village in Chamba Stomach fire (heat produced in stomach state, where animals are sacrificed. 3 a female ascetic. 4 kite, a bird of prey. S vulture. which helps in digesting food). See mi"O'OTfo. tJT)j~ [camuqan;ld;m] demi-god Bhairav, Fire due to lightning (it evaporates water). Fire sparked offin mines (produced due to son of goddess Chamunda. combustion of gases in mines); gold, yellow tJTliI' [cay] Skt~ VI' know, understand,. worship, honour, respect. 2 n pleasure, longing, desire. metal. 3 fires in the form ofjealousy, ego, anger and lust. "care agdnI nIvan maru gurmukhI "sada cay mukhI mIst bm;ti."-s':WE'ye m 3 ke. hanjd1u paI."-sl'i ill 1. The following verse 3 In Chinese language a plant and its leaves. also figures in the above stanza: Taking tea by boiling its leaves, has become "hfsa haum gatu gae nahi sahsa sogu." popular throughout the world. Taking tea as a Based on this some scholars take viiolence, beverage was initially introduced by the arrogance, suspicion and grief as four fires. Chinese. The Chinese consider that tea was created from the eyebrows of a sage. P .:.... f trra' l?feTQ [car aear] codes of four castes. "car aear rahe urjhaI."-gau kabil'. 2 according to E Tea. L Camellia Thea. The latent effect of religious scriptures, good and bad (permitted tea is warm and dry. Taking tea regularly is and prohibited) deeds. harmful in hot countries. trra' [car] Skt ~ n four. "car padarath je ko trra' l?fTl[H' [car asram] In Hindu religion four stages of life are: mag. "-sukhmani. 2 Skt spy, secret agent, one who moves in a sly way. "Ie kar car calyo (a) celibacy goes upto 25 years of age, during which one wears a sacred thread, has tatkal."-GPS. 3 prison,jail. 4 going, departure. control over passions and is completely S servant, attendant. 6 norm, custom., ritual. 7 preaching. "cet na ko car kio."-akal. 8 This engrossed in studying Veds under the guidance word has been used for;:PC;) [cal] which means of a spiritual mentor. (b) after completing this stage of celibacy gait. "bkhi tIh pavear."-l'amav. 'footsteps'. and giving offerings to the mentor, he returns 9 See t:JT'2. 10 It has also been used for abhIcar, which means the practising of home, gets married to lead a family life upto the age of 50 years. magical charms. "jab Idg matr-ear tE karhi"." (c) after this stage offamily life he, alone -cantl' 394. or alongwith his wife, retires to the forest for trra' ~ [car updIsa] See ~r. meditation, to live in solitude and perform fire tJTa' l?flfT iTtp,ri' [car akkha hOl;tiit], BTQ nl'crT rituals etc. upto the age of75 years. aocflnft [car dkkha kdrniit] V look lovingly into a (d) then after forsaking all deeds like firefriend's eyes; relate by looking fondly into each rituals he lives only on alms (offered to him) other's eye. "tahf te radhe kdh6 tum 56, ab car etc. "car Vdrdn car asrdm hahI, jo hdrI dhIav bhai tu bICar na kij." and "car bhdI tu bIcar

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his subjects through his secret agents. [carmraD], ~ [carcaran] n animal, quadruped. "carcarcm kahahI bahu agar. "-gau nfor. tJTa' WtIO [car sad han] four approaches for kabir. 2 four parts, four sections. 3 four achieving liberation: insight, detachment, denial foundations (pillars) of religion. See tr'O 1.faT and l:fO}f -e- tr'O B'O<Y. 4 four lines of a poetic of wealth and emancipation. See~. ~ fl:ffi:r [car sIddhI] See tr'O}fCi(fo. 2 religion, metre. tJTij' ~oit>W [car cJkia] groups of devotional wealth, sex, soul's liberation. ~ [carah] See B'W. singers for the four sessions. The tradition of i four sessions ofdevotional singing set by Guru t1 dl1H't.fl [carahsazi] P J';vv~ n a pretext; making an excuse. 2 trying, attempting. Arjan Dev are: ~ [carak] adjmotivator, inspirer. 2 shepherd. 1 chanting of Asa Di Var in early 3 spy, agent. mommg. tJTij' fu"3"rat [car kItaba] "vekh tJret ajil nu 2 chanting of caran kaval after one full zabbure furkan."-illago. See cB1r. and one fourth quarter ofthe day after sunrise. ~ ~ [car kIlvIkh] four sins as described This name derives from the chanting of the recitation-"mrankaval prabh ke nIt dhIae." in Chhandogy Upnishad, Manu and written 3 singing of rahuas preceded by sodaru Simriti i.e. killing ofa Brahmin, drinking, theft, coveting the wife of one's mentor. I 2 killing of at dusk. The name owes its origin to "sodaru keha so ghar keha." a person having spiritual knowledge, cow 4 singing ofkalyan on the elapsing offour slaughter, killing of a girl child, taking meals offered by a corrupt person. "brahillaD kdi gharis after sunset. In this recitation, only hymns in Kalyan Rag are chanted. ghatu kaJ1ka aDcari ka dhanu ."-sava ill 3. ''care kIlvIkh unI agh kie hoa asur saghar." ~ [carchIa] four and six, ten. "Ih bIkhIa dIn carchIa."-bavan. short-lived, short-sri a ill 5. 3 per Sikh doctrine tonsuring, termed. 2 A lunar year is shorter than the solar having illicit relation with another's wife, using intoxicants like tobacco etc, eating meat of year by 10 days, which amounts to one intercalary lunar month once in every three animals slaughtered according to the Muslim years and the duration of months, according law are the four main sins. to the Muslim calendar, changes with seasons; tr'O ~ [car kurahIta] See tr'O ~ 3. ~ [cargah] stringed instrument having four not remaining uniform. strings, one pair of strings for playing and the ;:rra;:r [caraj] See ~. second pair for adjusting pitch ofthe tone. The t1ldtllj~i [carajsukra] Shukracharay. See ~ 4. coiled bands ofstrings are tied in place ofmetal tJTQtI1HT [carjama] P ""'i:'.1~ n horse's saddle, a cushioned seat placed on the horse's back. wedges. 2 See f1:81G. ~ [carcacchu] adjkeeping eye on all sides; tJ'lOC!' [caraD] Skt n family bard who sings the praise of a particular dynasty; Bhatt. "jIs ko alert, vigilant. 2 Skt ~ one whose eyes jas bed paq.hi: sam caraI).."-GPS. 2 a subcaste act as spies; ruler collecting information about of Raj puts. 3 sense of movement. "cacal cakh IAccording to Simriti scripture, the fifth sin is to have cara!! macch pIq.araI).. "-gyan. 'Playful association with a sinner committing these sins.
~
tr'O

so pardhanu."-g5Q ill 4. "far o'lfu' -e- [car ag nitI de] See olfo -e-

t1 i dtlda

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~ii

1..fl'3Ol'

movement of enticing eyes surpasses brisk car dyos apni su n:Jbat bajagae. movement of the fish.' 4 In musicology, a paI prabhutai kachu kijIye bhalai, bhai! person who plays with tinkling bells and passes choc;lI jac;lhtai bEn manIye kavIn ke, humorous (witty) remarks during a dance. jas apjas rahIjat puhmi ke bic S adj wanderer. 6 See ~. mulak khajana :Jr sath gayo kIn ke, tRfc!t ~ [cami dohra] See ~ tT 2lf 9. chudra chItIpalan ki gInti karavE bn? ~ [can).o] adjbelonging to the feet. "nanak ravan se hVEgae trIlokI baSI jIn ke, bIrhi can.).o."-var ram 2 rn .5. 2 See tJ1~. cobdar cakar camupatI camar karE: tJI'6'~ [car takhat] four holy seats ofthe Gurus. m5dIr mat;'}g ye tama$e car dIn ke. Akal Bunga (Amritsar), Hari Mandir (Patna), ~ [cardive] four religions for providing Kesgarh (Anandpur) Abichal Nagar (Nander). spiritual enlightenment during the four ages. tJI'6' 3'i')l:fTUi' [car tankhaha] four sins, deserving See~. "care dive cahu hathI die, eka eka vari. "-bas5t a rn 1. 2 duties of four divisions punishment. See tJTO~ 3. tJTO 3Tl? [car tal] n In music, a type of rhythmic of human life and society. beat involving drumming or clapping rhythm tRf tjt [car dhue], tJTO gt [car dhut:\e], :tJ1'Q % of four beats. There are six long and twelve [car dhune] See ~. short matms in this rhythm, four actual strokes ~ [caran] See ~. 2 a subcaste of hunters and two dummy strokes. (hunting community). tRf ~ [car nadia] "Msu hetu lobhu kopu Example: dha dha dhInta katta gedInta te tekta gedI care nadia agI."-var rnajh rn 1. dhIn. Violence - causing pain to living creatures. and Attachment - desire for worldy objects due dhf dhf dhage trIk, tf ta tf tf, dhage trIk, to ignorance. dhf dha. Greed --longing to achieve objects by improper tl"'6feEr [cardI$a] four directions: east, west, means. north, and south. Anger - remaining indignant without any tJI'6' fun [car dIn], tJTO fun tT 3WF.fT [car dIn da reason and causing harm to others. tama$a], tJl'6'fuot!"~ [car dIn da parahUl).al, tJT'ij' l.fiIT [car pdg] four parts (segments) of BTOfuo?hE~ [car dIn mbClt vajaul).i], BTO religion; four elements viz- contentment, control ~ [car dIvas] a few days" for a few days, over passions, meditation and recitation. "pag care dharam dhIan jiu."-asa ch5t rn 4. 2 In momentarily, transitory, short-lived, ruling for a many scriptures, the basis of religion is while. "car dIvas ke pahune."--s kabir. "car dIn apni n;mbatI cale bajaI."--keda kabir. supposed to be truth, austerity mercy and charity. 3 See mlH -e- ~ ~. manIk nagine 1al hiran ke dh:Jlhar tRf ~ [car padarath] wealth, religion, sex devan ke karigar ankE sajagae, (passion), salvation. 1 "car padarath je ko magE. pekhte prach;'}c;l nav5 kMc;l mE ac;l;,}b oj sadhujana ki seva lagE."-sukhrnani. "arath dekhte prataPE: mart5c;l se lajagae" dharam kam mokh ka data."-b.rla rn 4. kotI kotI bir eko tir s5 calae vyom tRf 'U'3Q [car patak], tJTO l.(Tl.f [car pap] See BTO cap ke cac;lhae jhOc;l bahni bhajagae, "ke$rinIhal" kaha jhulte nIsan vake? 'Prosperity, goodness, success, salvation.

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~.
tJTa'

Y'6l:f [car pur;:Jkh] four types of men.

"n;:Jr ek ;:Jkinhi pritI k;:Jre Ik kin bre, Ik kin ju jane, ek I1d pritI ke bhed j;:JnE jou pritI k;:JrE ;:JrIkE tIh mane." -krIsdl1. One type of men are those, who love others even if nobody likes them. Second kind of men love those who like them. Some men feel obliged for the kind acts done to them while some are envious ofthose who even love them. 2 In sexology (science dealing with sex) four types of men are those partaking the qualities of a hare, deer, bull and horse respectively.
Seey~.

ihr [car pEr] See "i3'O ~. 2 two warriors involved in one-to-one fight; two warriors fighting with each other, thus having four feet involved in a combat. "n;:J carpEr bhajIya." -VN. 3 four steps; four long paces, four strides. tJTa' 'l;{Wij';ft ffiffiT [car pr;:Jkar di c;:Jrca] See t:rm=JT. tJTa' l:f0[Tij' ~ 3013' [car pr;:Jkar de bh;:Jg;:Jt] See
tJTa'
ffilTO.

tJTa'

l:f0[Tij'

3No [car pr;:Jkar de bhoj;:Jn] See

~. tJTa' ~ [car ph;:JrI:;;te] See ~.

[car b;:Jktr;:J] n one who has four faces; Brahma, Chaturanan. "c;l;:Jryo carb;:Jktra."-eJ(li 2. tJTa' ~ [car bdr;:JI).l, "i3'O "l:RI?i [car b;:Jr;:Jn] See tJTa' ~. "carI b;:Jr;:Jn car I asr;:Jm hE. "-kal1 pdrta1 ill 4. tJTa"STa' [carbak] adj frolicsome, clever. 2 See
~.

elaaa~

tJTa' 1fTit>,rt

[car baI).ia]: p;:Jra, p;:J:;;yJti, m;:Jdhydma, vEkhri. para is the stage of the word where it exists in the first centre of consciousness that is, ~ [muladhar]. Rising from here, the word reaches unto the heart

and is named as pa:;;yati; it is named as m;:Jdhy;:Jma when it reaches the throat; while vEkhri is last stage of the word when it is uttered by the mouth. "khaI).i care baI).i bheda."-bIla ill 1 thIti. "babe k;:JhIa car baI).ia hm--pahIle p;:Jra, duji p;:Jsati (p;:J:;;yati), tiji m;:Jddhma (m;:Jdhy;:Jma), c;)thi bEkhri (vEkhri), p;:Jr soi baI).i vIsekh hE jo y;:JkdIl hoke kartar nu yad brie."-JSBM. tJTa' Wd' ~ l.fe' [car bar naIk p;:Jdl, B'O 'ij'TQ f\J:1.r tR' [car bar nnp p;:Jdl, "i3'O 'ij'TQ trfo tR' [car bar p;:JtI pad] These utterances occur several times in Shastarnammala viz-"adI s;:Jb;:Jd matag bhaI).ijE. car bar I).rIp p;:Jd ko dijE. ;:JrII).I take at b;:Jkhano. s;:Jbh sri nam tup;:Jk ke jano."-1250. "matag nrIp nrIp nrIp nrIp ;:JrI." These are the words which occur in this stanza to get meaning as - lord of Matang i.e. elephant (Indar), his lord (Kashyap), his kingdom (earth), army that defends the people on the earth, its enemy (gun). Likewise, the words naIk or p;:JtI repeatedly occur in place ofnrIp. See p. 1284. tJTa' futrra' [car bIcar] conduct and thought, action and thinking. "car bIcar bInsIo s;:Jbh dua."-bavdl1. tJTa' f'a"nrAT lI'Gfu f'a"nrAT [car bmasi kh;:Jt;:Jhi bInasi]-sar ill 5. four castes and six philosophies. 2 four Veds and six scriptures. tJTa' [car bir] per poetics four types of heroism comprise generous, spiritual, compassionate and warring heroes. See rn 7. tJTa' [car bed] See k. ~ [carbh;:Jil See tJTa' nfcIt~. tJTa' ;cr<!' [car bhukhaI).] See ~. tJTa' ;cr<!' ~ ~ [car bhukh;:JI). vIdya de] See

mr

~-e-B'O~.
~ If.CI1t.1

[car m;:JG;:Jz] n four kernels of seeds which are lIsed for preparing sweetened cold drink like s;:Jrd;:Ji and also some medicines.

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These are kernels of seeds of cucumber, musk melon, gourd and water melon. tRf HtI'S" [car majClb] See J}o'T. 2 See fum?rH ~ f'Goit. 3 worshippers of the formless God, worshippers of idols (idolators), believers in illusory powers and atheists. tRf ~ [car mar~tah], "tJlO ~ [car mar~te]
SeeEor~.
tRf

[car mala] rosary of four sects; the rosary used by Vaishnavites is of basil, lotus buds and white sandalwood. Worshippers of Durga (goddess of power) use rosary of red sandalwood. Rosary of Rudraksh (the dried berries; Eleocarpus genitrus) is used by Shaivites. The worshippers of the sun keep rosary of golden beads. "mala meli car."-s kdbir. 2 four types of rosaries, which include representative strings of beads of all sectsviz-rosaries made of wooden beads, fruit beads, metallic beads and beads of gems. See
}ITli)T

~.

tRf ~

[car mubtI] four types of salvation: 1 ~0\Jf [saloky] - staying in the :,phere of one's own deity. 2 FPJ-ih.IJr [samipy] - staying closer to the deity. 3 ~ [sarupy] - attaining the attributes of one's deity. 4 sayujy- worshipper's merger with the deity. "car mukCltI can: SIdhI mIIIkE dulah prdbhu ki sarClnI parIo."-maru namdev. When a living creature takes refuge with the Almighty, he attains all the four salvations. See

~.

four friends (associates). See~. group of four friends; coterie offour friends. 2 team offour close associates of Mohammad. 3 sect of four friends. t:J'Ta' ~ [car varaD], "tJlO ~ [car varan] four major castes ofthe society according to Hindu scriptures; four castes.] "brahmaDu khatri sud YES carI varan, car asram hahI, jo harI dhIavE so pardhanu."-g5Q m 4. Scholars an:~ of the view that society was classified according to the colour of human skin viz black, white etc. With the passage oftime different castes got established basing them on their conventional names. See ~y~ section 2 chapte:r 4. Per Sin1-fitis the functional duties ofthe four castes are as under: (a) A Brahmin's six functional duties are studying Veds, teaching (imparting education), performing and getting oblations performed, offering charity, accepting alms. (b) Four duties of a Khatri are studying Veds, performing oblations, offering charity and defending the people. (c) A Vaishya was assigned the following three functions: cultivating land, trading and cattlebreeding. (d) The only duty assigned to a Shudar was to serve the other three castes. The first three castes are termed as dVIj, that is, twice-born, once from mother's womb and second from religious ritual. After baptism, the guru is the father and Gayatri is the mother. The ritual of wearing the sacred thread is solemnised in the 8 th year after one's
~ [caryari] n IThe II 'h MantaI' in Chapter 13 of Yajurved reads:
~SBf

[car m~gna] This word has been used for car ~guna, meaning a lady with beautiful features. "nacat car m~gna."-ramav. tr'Q 'liP"Q [car yar] four close associates of Mohammad, who were the main preachers of Islam. The first four caliphs are said to be his
t:J'Ta'1-faro'T

5>''1 11 I"n JJ:1ii; ~: "fi1:

;n; ~~: ~ ~surr<Rf I I

which means that the Brahman was created from the mouth, Khatri from the arm, Vaishya from the thigh while ShudaI' from foot of God.

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conception for a Brahmin, in the 11 th year for a Khatri, in the 12 th year for a Vaish and after this ceremony of wearing sacred thread the members belonging to these three castes study Veds staying at the guru's hermit and practising full celibacy. A Brahman is required to keep a stick of <;lhak palai;>-butea frondosa (a forest tree) or ofbII (aegle marmelous). The length of this stick is upto the top of head and the sacred thread should be of cotton. The stick kept by a Khatri should be of banyan tree and go upto the forehead. The sacred thread kept by him should be of linseed stems. A Vaishya is permitted to keep stick ofgullar (fig tree) high upto his mouth and his sacred thread should be woolen. A Brahman is allowed to cover his body with the skin of a black deer, a Khatri with that of a red deer while a Vaishya is permitted to wear skin of a cow or a male goat. A Brahman should suffix Sharma, a Khatri, Verma, a Vaishya, Gupt and a Shudar, Dass with his name. During the religious discourse as recorded in 8th chapter of (vndh gJtam sahIta) which Krishan explained to Yudhishtar, the emotions of minds are the real facets of a caste. The dominance ofa particular emotion at a specific moment in the mind of a person should be the basis for determining his caste. Emotions like arrogance, enemity, hypocrisy etc. classify one as a Khatri. Deceit, backbiting, falsehood etc. are the emotions characterising a Vaish. Idleness, squabble, cowardice, fear, uncleanliness etc are the characteristics of a Shudar. When in the mind of a person belonging to a Brahman caste, there prevail emotions such as cowardice, uncleanliness, he should be regarded a Shudar. Similarly this criterion may

be applied to other emotional states. In Sikhism, castes are determined on the basis ofconduct and faith, not birth. According to "car vara!) Ikvara!) karan. "-BG. See;:rfu". ~ [carvak] Skt ~ a monk and disciple ofBrihaspati who preached atheism and wrote Charvak Darshan. The philosophy ofCharvak is that there is no soul without the body. The main objective of life is worldly enjoyment. There is no reality other than appearance. The whole reality and consciousness grow from the four elements. Neither the other world exists and nor does rebirth take place. To die is the only liberation. This school ofthought is also called Lokayat (materialistic world). 2 a demon, who was a friend of Duryodhan. He attempted to kill the Pandavs. 'tJTa" ~ [car va!)ia] See 'tJTa" ~. ~ [carved] The most ancient four scriptures forming the basis of Hindu ism viz- Rig, Sam, Yajur and Athrav Veds. See k. ~ [cara] n conduct, behaviour. "maha nIrmal cara."~suhieMt m 5.2 edible material. 3 fodder for the cattle. 4 P vf assistance, help. 5 attempt, effort. "jIu tum rakhahu tIU raha avar nam cara."-brla m 4.6 control, command. "jIsu thakur SIU nahi cara."-sukhmdni. ~ [cara!)i n wife of a bard. 2 adj (female) who wanders. [can] all the four. "je ved parahI jug carI."-var sor m 3. 2 four. "carI pukarahI na tu manahI."-ram m 5. tJ'Tftrt1 [cano], BTfur" [cana] gave hue or colour to. "han cano rag."-mali m 4. 2 made to graze. tJT"a't [cari] n backbite. 2 conduct, behaviour, action. "va<;lai cari. "-BG. 3 Skt ~ footman, fcot soldier. 4 adjexisting, moving. 5 also used for dalli (kuttni). "satar cho<;l ai kyo cari?" -edrItr 121. 6 also stands for calta. "na hamro

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bas cari?"-sar m 5. 'We donot have any control.' tJI9 [caru] See t:J1Q. 2 Skt adjbeautiful, gracious. "nam bIna kEse gun caru?"-basal a lJl 1. "gun meli gUI; caw. "-sri a m 1. 3 n ] upiter, Brihaspati. 4 son of Krishan from the womb ofRukmini. 5 saffron. ~ [carucaki;iu], ~ [carucacchul, ~ [carunetr] adj who has beautiful eyes, whose eyes are graceful. 2 n deer.-sanama. ~ [carumClti] See ~ 6. ~ [care] may offer, may present. "ghClSI jClpe nam IE tUjhClhI kClU care,"'-dhana ravIdas. 2 adv all the four. "care bed mukhagar pathI."-basat m 1. 3 may cause to graze. 4 Skt tf2 n material for fire worship. "can nadia agni tanI care."-basat m 3. 'Violence, attachment, greed and anger are four fires in the form of rivers which are consuming the mortal frame (body) just like the material for fire-worship. ' ~ l'>IOIfo [care ClgClnI] See t:J1Q ~). ~ ~ [care kIlvIkh] See t:J1Q~. ~ ~Gi' [care kuta], ~ ct~ [care kuq.a] See
t:J1Q

~ [calsau] (I) go, (I) shall go.

~ [calasI] will go. "S;)gI na calasI tere

feF.rr. 'WiiT tij1' trait [care jage cahu jugi] sen In the

four eras the Almighty sent four Masters vizGuru Nanak Dev, Guru Angad Dev, Guru Amar Das and Guru Ram Das blessed with spiritual enlightenment. Now I-Ie has Himself appeared as Guru Arjan Dev, the fifth Master. -var ram 3. ~ ~ [care dive] See tr''O' -ew. ~ 00 -e- [care pEr dhClr;)m del-EGo See t:J1Q t.raT and "QO}f -e- t:J1Q~. ~ [carol See 'tf'OT. lJTl? [cal] n speed, movement. 2 conduct, custom, tradition. "bhagta ki call SClci CltI nnmCll."-suhi ch5t m 3. "bhagta ki cal nIrali."-anadu. 3 See orf3'.

mrn

dhana." -sukhmani. [calak] adj driver, motivator. ~ 'ffi')O [cal calan] n conduct, convention, character, deed. tJI?E' [calat] moving, in motion. "calat bEsat sovat hanjas."-asa m 5.2 while moving. tl"HO [calan] Skt n act ofdriving, act of moving. 2 movement. tl'(I5(,)ij'i'j [calanhar], tlIMC'iij' [calanharu] adj moving, unstable, destructible. tJTMT [cala] n departme. 2 custom, tradition. ~ [calak] P J1J f adj clever, active. 2 delicate, smart. tl'M'OIelj [calakdast] P ..::.v-'JJ1J adj quick in f manual work; agile in physical work. 'tJ'TWott [calaki] P SilL> n cleverness. 2 deceitfulness. 3 agility. " tJTIift [cali] n forty. 2 shuttering for construction of an arch. 3 tradition, convention, custom. "gursIkh mit, calahu gurcali."-dhana m 4. 4 popularised, got prevalent. "katha JPunit na cali."-sar parmanad. tJTffiR' [calis] forty. ~ [calisa] n collection of forty objects. 2 composition of forty stanzas. 3 action performed on the fortieth day. "It g;)ga ne kar calisa."--GPs. 4 anything completed in forty days. "Ik calisa je tum karo."-GPS. 5 adj fortieth. 'tJ'Tliffir [calih] See ~. tJTIift ~ [cali mukte] See JiCB. 'tJTW [calu] adj temporary, transient, unstable. ~ [caluky] See .,:rnm. ~ [cay] n fervour, desire. "cav m;3gal ras bhore."--asa chat m 5.2 strong desire. ~ [cavae}], ~ [cavaq.a] See BTJjErr. ~ [cavar] n rice. "cavar q.arat rijh na jEhE." -cantr 266. 2 petulance, ebullience, playtJTl?c5r

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fulness, prank. 3 whisk. 4 Skt ~ whisk holder. "ChCltr nCl pCltr nCl CClur nCl cavClr."-scIVEye sri mukhvak m 5. ~ [cavClI] n seed of paddy; rice. "cavClI karl).e tukh bhu muhli laI."-var ram 2 m 5. 'Rice ripens in the husk. ' ~ [cavIa] adj eager, ardent. 2 exciting, provoking. "ral). ghure mgare cavle."--cJt;ii 3. 3 n a cereal like horse beans. Its pod is very long. L Dolichos Sinesis. 4 Arora subcaste. This name initially derived from the fact that people belonging to this subcaste used to trade 111 nce. ~ ~ [cavli mCl$alk], ~HWGfi:f [cavli mCl$ayClx] a village under police station Sahoke in tehsil Mailsi, district Muhan, which is about 16 miles north ofChishtian railway station. On the other side, it is nearly 25 miles from Mian Channu railway station. Guru Nanak Dev paid a visit to this village. A simple gurdwara has been raised there. The priest is a Sikh. ~ [cavClr] n petulance, pranks, frolicsomeness. ~ [cavra], ~ [cavac;la] See BTJj'~. ~ [carnal v put over (something). 2 push upward. 3 make or help one to dress up. 4 keep something on fire plate for cooking. 5 offer services. tJT3't [cariJ n bribery, gratification. "10k muhavClhI cari khaI."-var ram 1 m 1. 2 Skt ~ flattery. "lari cari laltbaru."-oJkar. See
~. 2 adj better than, excellent. "hrk du hrkr eare."-jEt chJt m 5. 'par excellence.' fu [eI] Skt vr search, find, collect. achieve, obtain, resolve, hate, see. 2 P ~ what, who.
See~.

w;fttlTSl. tl':l [care], tJT3<J [eareh] See

~ [cIUra] See ~.

ftrB3"

[CI$dt] P ~ a town of Khurasan.

barCln."-GV 1 O. 'Horses neigh and elephants trumpet.' ftrJ:r3t [cI$ti] adj resident of Chisht town. See ftnB. 2 n the sect and descendants of Abbu Ishaaq of Chisht. It is a huge sect of sufis. NRO [cfsan] n trumpeting of an elephant; shouting. ftm [elh] n funeral pyre, pyre. "SClti pukarE elh eClri."-s kdbir. 2 obstinacy, obduracy. 3 P ~ what. fuuw [elhka] See tfta'r. ftroo [clhCln], ft3<:rQ [clhClnu] Sktf\:f;J n standard, flag. 2 spot. 3 characteristic. "sohagCll).I ka kla elhClnu hE?"--var suhi m 3.4 symbol, sign. "c'lkr elhCln Clru bClrCll). jatI."-japu. "w varna erhna bahra."-sri m 5 pEpaI. ftRRr [clh2Jr] face. See fuuor. "vo gu1cI hClr kClha hE?,o--ramav. 'Where is (the person) having rose-like face?' fuuor [clhra] P ~).; n face. 2 grace, splendour. 3 description of bodily features ofa person's appearance. See fuuor "fucR:r. fuuor ~ [elhra lrkhl).a] v write down the features ofsome body while employing him. ftlcldf.I'Jl [clhre$ahi] See ilcld8 1J], ~ [elhal] P ~ n forty. ftlcll'SllleHt [crhCllbdmi] P (,f';;~ n praying for the dead by moving forty steps backward from the grave and then taking forty steps forward. See~. 2 strolling. ftlcll'Sd(')1 [clhClltana] P LJl;:Jt the forty men counted among Abdaals. See ~. ftlcll'S(')ij [erhalnar] forty persons, forty warriors. 2 forty warriors, who fought specially in the battle of Chamkaur. ftlcll'Sa't'il [clhCllbaji] game of forty days; forty days pleasure. 2 amusement, enjoyment. See ~. "khClIClk elhalbaji na kina sClneh."--GPS. ftrm;ft [clhli] adj who fasts for forty days. See
~.

fui:s' [cfsat] trumpeting. "hfsat hE bar cIsat

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fuga' [crkur] Skt n hair. 2 reptiles. 3 mole, squib. 4 squirrel. bamboo sticks suspended at the door. "CIkcm fu [crkvaD], ~ [crkvan] smooth, oily. See jharokhe lage ghanere."-GPS. 2 E Cheque, ~. "crkvan basan bud jrm chui na man draft. kachu lyar."--GPS. ftrcl<!" [crkaD], ~ [crkDa] Skt ~o adj oily, ful:f [crkh], fucp- [crkha] Skt ftraT n funeral pyre greasy, delicate. for cremating the dead. In Hindu scriptures ftrn<!t [dkDi] adj crying, wailing, shrieking. the wood of trees having milky extracts is thought superior for a pyre; and the dead body ~ [crkad] P -Ji drips, leaks, will drip, will leak, may drip. Its rootis cdkidan. of a male should be laid with face downward and feet towards the south. It is customary to ~ [crkan] See ~. 2 P embriodery. 3 embroidered cloth. lay the female dead body with her fact~ upward. ~ [~rkanta] n smoothness, greasiness. There is no such specific restriction regarding ~ [crkna] See ~. wood or posture in Sikhism. fu'afo [CIkanr], ftlOlf(')!1l' [CIknrya] adjelegant; ~ [cfgari], ~ [cfgrari] See ftl(,)dl'al. who keeps one's body clean and shining. "yo ftfurra' [cfghar], ~ [cfghrar] See ftl'ara'. chal chElr crkanr san gai."-carrtr 345. shrill cry, call. "citi ki cfghar pahrle hi sunrat fuc:r [crkar] See ft3cgo. 2 See ~. hE." -akai. ~ [crkar] Skt f't3fu<;) n mud, slush, mortar of fetr;:r [crcar], f;:rn-;ft [creri] n blood-sucking creature that sticks to the skin; tick. 2 person mud. acquiring a vice, forsaken virtues . .3 Durga, fucrF;r [crkarr] with mud. "crkarr Ian kra thie: jii tute: patharb;'idh. "-var mala m 1. 2 in the goddess of power. "crcri cavq,a."-paras. ftftrr [dca] Skt ~ n tamarind tree. mud. 'ftJa;ft [crkri] mud not too deep. 2 smooth yellow- ftl'tr;:f [crccar], ft3'B;ft [crcqi] See fi3tr;:r-ft3tJ;ft. coloured wood used for making fine combs. ftfsa' [crcchar], f'tfwo [crcchur] See tJ'S"dTffo. fucl'ra' [crkar] P A'...;> what for, for what. "tdb "bali camrev;'i. hathi crcchurev;'i."-c5c;ii 2. crkare brdar."-tIl."ig m 5. fthr [cfju], ~ [cfju] Skt ~ n beak. "dju ftiot"ra' [cfkar] Skt ~ n shriek, cry. 2 trumpet bhari g;'idhi ar."-sava m 1. "cfju boranr na pivahr."-s [arid. of animals like elephants etc. ~ [crkara], ftf~ [cfkara] n a stringed fuG [CIt] Skt W, vr be a servant, be a slave. musical instrument having four or five strings fucara' [crtkar] n ticking sound. 2 CItkar has been used for chrtkar in Krishan Avtar. viz and played with a ramrod. 2 red deer, that "crtkaran s6 bhrrhE' trh ja."-502. ' ... hit shrieks while running. It is found mostly in the against water drops'. sandy areas. Skt ~n. FeFOldAOl [crkrtsak] Skt R:rFcr~ n doctor, ~ [CItva], ~ [crtvi] adj white, clean. "manahu kusudha kalia baharr crtviah."-var physician; one who tries to cure ailments. ftifOldAi [crkrtsa] Skt ~fit,~ 11 cure, treatment, sri m 1. fuc1' [crta] adjwhite, clean, bright. "CIte jIll ke act of curing a disease, physician's job. fticilaAi [crkirsa], ~ [crkirkhal Skt fuoflJfr kapre mEle crtu kathor jiu."-suhi a m 1. feGro [cr tan] See B"Cl'C'l'. n desire to do work, longing to do ajob.

fetp- [CIha] P ~ what.

ftrcr [CIk] T Dr n curtain or scree:n of split

Ji

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1184

ftkr [CItta] See fuzr.

fiR'

ftraorri:r [cItkar] See ~. "tajI cItrc cetahu

8"t.1' ~ [cItte baz vaIa] Guru Gobind cItkari."-gau kabir bavan. 'World is a painting Singh, who used to keep a white falcon perched and the Creator is its painter.' on his hand; one keeping a white falcon. f'3dCl 1a1 [CItkari] n painting, portraiture. 2 to nic nic akhke achut durkana nil the painter. See ftraorri:r. km cukk putta va:g chati naIIauda? ~'U'3" [cItgupat] See ~(['U'3". "cItgupat Ikk ghar hol). jItthe bara cuIhe vakh vakh karC)mahI jan."-brla a ill 5. 'Deeds are the bl). unha Ikk bha.qe ;'}mnt pIauda? only recorders.' fedi3ij(') [CItcaran] adj prevailing in the mind. bIna ghar dhar jerhe phnan vnje$hahan k)l). tInha raj de sfghasan bahauda? "cItcar<ln nam. "-japu. hude kIve CIre baz gIddar b<lbar :;;er ~ [cItcar] adj favourite, pleasing. cItte bazvala je na jag VICC auda? fu3ffir [cItcor] adj charming, attractive. ftJor [cIttha] n account of salary, statement of ftf33" [cft<lt] Skt f'tff33" adj desired, longed for. accounts. 2 lengthy letter. "cIttha khol jan sabh "m<lncftat sagle phal pae."-asa ill 5. asay."-GPS. 3 document regarding detail of 2 worried, anxious. "cftat hi disc sabhukoI." -oakar. accounts. ftl'ol [cItthi] n letter, epistle. ftJ30 [cItan] See fi3'"37>. 2 Skt conscious. "kaha ftfh [cfc;loll See ~. CItem ki cesta?"-akal. ~ [cIl).ag] n spark, spark offire. 2 a urinary fi3'"37> [cftan] Skt n meditation, contemplation. "subhcftem gobfdramal).."-var guj 2 ill 5. disease. See fuoor 2. fu<!3t [cIl).ti] n masonary work, construction. rn31;foit [ef tpurl).i] , rn31;f~ [cftpurni] In HinduislJ1, a goddess who fulfills the desires See~. ftrc!or [cIl).na] Skt'3Gf0 n masoning, fixing bricks of her devotees. Her temple is in district of Hoshiarpur. ' The village is known as and stones with mortar or mud, lime etc. in order to construct a building. 2 stacking and Chintpurni after the name of this goddess. 2 a mountain range in district Hoshiarpur, piling. fu3' [cIt] Skt See ~. "re CIt, cetasI kin also named as Solasinghi or Solahshringi d<Hal?"~~asa dhJna. 2 Skt feR( vr think about, which means a mountain range with sixteen remember. 3 n knowledge, consciousness. peaks. It is the eastern boundary of Jasvan 4 adjstacked, piled up. 5 covered. 6 also used Doon. in place of cftan; See }fO II. 7 See ftf3" 2. ~ [CItbIt] See fu3" and fa3'. 2 propensity, proclivity, inclination. 8 short for cItvat; on seeing "lino man mero har nEnkor CIt-hi." ~cJqi 1. ~ [cftbhavan] n mourning hall, condolence m [cft] Skt ~ vr think about, remember. room in a palace where people gather for 2 n worry, anxiety. "eft gai l<lgI satIgur pae." mournmg. ftfdi!l~r(') [cItbhavanI] in the condolence room. -bher ill 5. 3 jealousy, envy. "ham nahi eft See ftf3"5~. "cftbhavanI mem pano parai cukha."-var vaq ill 4. hamara. "-asa kabir. 2 vertigo caused by ~ [cItaur] See tl'"3;r. wornes. ~ [cftak] adjwho is given to thinking. [There is an idol of goddess chfnmasta in this temple. f'3dClaiji [cItkabra] adj spotted, dappled.

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~ [CItbhram] n delusion, heart's whim.

longing.
~m [cftapurni] See fJ3'';[oit.

"hanc;'}dauri cItbhram sakhie."-brla m 5. fuaHo [eItman] See ~. ~ [eItmItala] adj mottled, mullticoloured, dappled. See~. ~ [eItvau] meditate upon, contemplate. "CItI CItvau can;tarbfd."-bawm. 2 I meditate upon, I contemplate. ~ [eItavahI] I contemplate, I think about, I consider. "jo jo cItavahI sadhujan so leta manr."-brla m 5. ~ [eItvat] contemplating, thinking about, considering. "cItvat pap na alaku aVE."-bher
ill 5.

~ [cItvan]

n contemplation, consideration,

thought. "cItvau carnarbfd."--kan m 5. 2 seeing; looking back. 3 vision, sight. ~ [eItvanrl, ~ [cItvani] n thought, contemplation, deliberation. "hamri cItvani han prabhu jam:."-kalr m 4.2 sight, vision. 3 adv through the power of contemplation. "cItvanI cItvau pna pritI bEragi."- sar m 5. ~ [eItva] See ~. cheetah. "jy6 cItva mng pekhkE: d:Jrat." -krrsan. ~. [cItvi] contemplated, considered. 2 pondered over. "kothe m;'}9ap maria pasahu cItviaha."-suhi m 1. 'pondered OVGr from all sides. ' ~ [eItVE] thinks about, ponders. "andInu efta eItVE."-Sava nl 4. fuar [eIta] See fucfr. 2 See ftl'oT. fti'aT [efta] Skt n anxiety, reflection. "nanak cfta mat karahu cfta tIS hi her."-var ram 1 m 2. 2 thinking, pondering. '\:si cfta mahi je marE."-guj trrlocan. Fild,gC!, [cItam:la] v remind. 2 draw another's attention. "~ahIr cItaI lIau."--JSBM. 3 beg like a mendicant. fu'a'rw [cItasa] n heart's place. "jIn hanpritI cItasa."-g.Jq m 4.2 desire of the mind, wish,

ftf3tHfo [cftamanr] n In Purans a gem that provides desired objects. 2 in Gurbani the Ultimate One, the Creator. "cftamaDI karuDamae."-gau m 5" "nanak kahIt cet cftamanr."-sor m 9. ~ [cItaraD], ft3d'dc:' [CItarDa], ft33'do' [cItarna] v contemplate, consider. "nanak das cItarDa."--maru solhe m 5. ~ [CItara] contemplated. "sadhus;'}gI han han namu cItara."-toqi m 5. fu'oTfu [eItan] adv after contemplating. "gurm;'}tr-ra cItan, nanak dukh na thivai." -var guj 2 m 5. 2 n process of contemplating, meditation. 3 meditating power. "sasI saSI han, dehu cItan."-bher m 5. ~ [cItari] having meditated, having contemplated. "hanjanu jiVE namu cItari." --gaum 5. fudT~1 [cItavni] n act of informing, information, reminder. fufu' [cItI] n act of describing. "duya kagalu CItI na jaDda."-sri m 5. '(I) do not know to write otherwise than the Creator's praise.' 2 in the mind, within the mind. "harrnamucItI na avai. "-mala am 3.3 Skt pyre, funeral pyre. 4 collection, heap. 5 masonary, briclk laying. 6 consciousness. 7 Durga. 8 See 'W6ft 3. 9 abstract knowledge. ftffd3" [cft It] See fB'33'. ftf3t [cfti] n anxiety. "cukE: man ki c:rti."-sor
m5.

~ [cftamal:ul,

ftEtR' [CItiS] n artist, painter, portrait maker.

2 engraver; one who engraves on wood, stone etc. "dIpE car pae. CItiS;'} banae."--GV 10. 3 lord of the mind, master of the mind, motivator of conscience, soul. ~ [cItugupat], ~ [CItugupatu] See ~. "gavahI cItugupatu IIkhI jaDahr."

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~jdPU.

fu3" [cIte] painted, coloured. "cIte dIsahI

dhdu1hdr." -sri d m 1.
~ [CItehia] (1) am remembered, (I) am

considered, (l) am kept in mind. "hau kIs cltehia?"~jE"teMit m 5. ftEo [CIten] adj active, conscious, alert. '"gun kie suClt clten."kan m 4.2 just on thinking about, just after seeing. ft:J3'w [CItera] n painter, artist. "tajI cltrE Cltu rak1u cltera."-gdu kdbir baVdll. 'The world is a painting while the Creator is the painter.' ~ [clteri] female painter. 2 pondered over, considered. fu3'6" [cltere] plural ofcltera. 2 by contemplating, by recollecting. "mdnu jiVE prdbhnamu cItere." -vaQ m5. ftE' [cItE] ponders over, thinks about. "CI tE blkara."-maru solhe m 3.2 in the mind. "crlE .'iddn sdbhko."-var asa. 3 of the painting, of the idol. "CItE .'iddr cel cltcn:."-BG. 'Look for (think about) the painter in his painting.' ftBol [cltmi] recollected, pondered, thought over. "so kdre jr merE crtr nd crlEni."-bIla m 4. 'He does what r had never thought of.' 2 consciousness. fu3'o [clt::m"j n thinking, vision, sight. "cdkhdn cltm so curaI crt mera lrya."-earltr 12. ~ [clt)r], fu"3;r [cltJrJ. f\33;:1dlig [clt)rgdrh]
See~.

ftffir [CIttr] Skt n fame, repute. 2 disposition. 3 argument, reasoning. 4 proposal, planning. 5 devotion. ~ [clttJr] See ~. ~ [cr tr] Skt ~ vr draw a picture, surprise, sec wonder. 2 n illustration. "Cdca rdcrt crtr hE bhari."--gau bavall kdbir. Here it stands for the world. 3 See tftrw. 4 a figurative expression in poetics. rdcna varl)dn ki jaha kijE adhlk Vlcltr, kdvrdn ke mat janlye d1akar so crtr. It is a figurative expression described by letters only. Scholars have termed this type of poetry as low because no marvellous poetry can be composed in this mode; only nursery rhymes and mental exercises can be indulged in it. Although many types of figurative expressions have been attempted by various poets, but only five types are more popular, which may subsume all distinctions: varClI).Crtr, sthancltr, akarcrtr, gatrcltr and bha:,?acrtr. (a) VdrdI).Crtr is a kind of word play involving the use ofonly one character in which all characters are either 1aghu or guru involving no matra. 1 (b) sthancrtr is that figure of speech in which sounds articulated at the same place 2 are used in the poetic metre. No sound belonging to another place of articulation is
IThis metre is also named as arnatt, viz: cvrvn sarvn vgh gvn kar hvran. 'The place of articulation is as follows:
f <J (:)

adj conscious, having consciousness. "jail panjat nd crtan gdtrdan 11dhi"-NP. 'Parijat is not a sentient being and hence cannot provide salvation.' See~. ftl'3' [cltt] See fuo. 2 falling flat on the ground, as "uh Cltt 9IggIa". ftf3'<!'r [crttl)a] v paint. 2 draw a picture by engraving on wood etc. ~ [clttbhram] See ~. ftffir [crtta] cheetah. See ~.

fe'31i [cltan]

Cf

or lJ.f lii are velar are palatal are retroflex are dental are bilabial, and 'f is also dental are nasal with the place of

<: F.f tr Ii:' tr

"!;f ~ l;f

l'f Z 0 " " '" "0 " 11 3" tf

e
"

l:f 7'i

Ilj

r 1..[ "

-g

}f

'f

lii ~ '" 7'i}f

articulation in thcir respective row.

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I J 87

f~

used. This also includes a nIroi?thl (c) akarcItr is a diagram showing a sketch ofa cow, lotus, etc in which a poem is written. See the lotus diagram:

jIn dan din, tIn man lin., gun gyan hin, jan jan khin. (d) gatIcItr is the name given to a figurative expression that reads diifferent in forward and reverse order. 2 It may even have the same sense when read either way. etc." (e) bhai?acItr is that poetic metre which involves the use of many languages. It is also called bhai?asamak. Example: mira dana dIl soc. muhabte manI tanI baSE sacu sah h~dimoc. didne didar sahIb kachu n;)hi IS ka molu, pak parvad Igar tu khud I khas;)mu v;)ga atolu, dastgiri dehI dIlavar tuhi tuhi ek, kartar kudratI kar;)!). khalak nanak teri tek. --II1Jg ill 1. gaje mahasur ghumi r;)!).a hur bhrami nabha pur bekha ;)nup5, vale vali sai jivi juga tai
InIro~th sounds are those during the articulation of which thcre is no lip movcmcnt. Bilabial sounds are ignored in this category. This cakgory of sounds is also called adharvIchoha. Example: kalgidhar dhar dukh har<in. dayok das ;m5d. 'viz: das khas tiy kheJ.

tNe gholi jai alavi ta Ese, lago lar thane baro raj mhane kaho Jr kane hathi chag thesJ', baro an moko bhajo aj toko calo devloko tajo beg laka.-ramav. aphtab se rJi?an ho tum hImkar se atI sit, dharti va~ khIlna nu dharde raho sada nnbhit. 5 Another form of the figurative expression described by pictures is termed arathcItr, in wh ich the poetic stanza contains answer to the question posed: jahf bujhat kachu bat ko uttar soi bat, cItr kahIt matnam kavI sakal su matI avdat.
-l;:)1:rt l;:)lam.

31t is also called gotagat.

viz: hay gaj rathI na hE na thIr jag yah.

Example: ko bhIye jal te sukhi, ka bhIye par i?yam? -cItrcJdnka. ko bhIye jal te sukhi? Its answer - kok hIye jal te sukhi. ka bluye par i?yam? Its answer - kak hIye par i?yam. (b) Answering many questions in a single poetic line is another form of arathcItr figurative expression, and is also known as i?asnottar. prai?n anekan ko Ikk uttar. bhed cItr jano i?asanotar. Example: ko i?atru ratInath ko? i?Iv-arI ko kya nam? kIh bIn jivan dukhi h? uttar dina 'kam'. All the three questions have been answered with a single word ~ [kaml, which means Lord Shiv i.e. one having no physical existence and passion. rajdvar anJ mansar kamal devata-ag, kIS se i?obhan hot hE'?uttar hE sarag. "sar5g~' is the answer given to all the four questions i.e. the royal court is glorified with elephants, horses etc; Maan Sarovar lake with swans, lotus with flower-sucking bees, while

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the idol ofa god is beautified with sandalwood, camphor etc. 6 arathpraheIIka is the third form of pictorial figure of speech. It is a puzzle that conceals the name of the object under description. Example: pauDe paDi agni ka melu, c~cal capalbudhI ka khelu, nau darvaje dasva duaru, bujhu re gIani ehu bicaru."
-g;;JUm 1.

In this puzzle, human body is described. p~c manae pac rusae, pac vasae pac gavae, I In bIdhI nagaru vutha mere bhai. -asa d m 5. sara pauDa duja gauDa, nar nari the dono bhaUl!a, kuch khadha kuch Ieke sauDa, uttdr deh guru ji kauDa? A princess posed these questions to Guru Gobind Singh; answers to which, according to Bhai Santokh Singh, are as under: jaDo sara devtan pJDa maDasdeh, dUVIdha duji kar gaman nar nari hve kheh, ubhe 10k bhJda phIre khadha kharac jamal, prale bhai SJDa hua uttar tumra bal.
-GPS.

wall-paintings. 2 picture gallery, art gallery. "cItr-saI sOdar bag madar. "-guj m 5. "bekGthbhavan cItr-sala. "-mdla namdev. 3 a house where pictures are drawn, studio. ~~ [cItrak] Skt n cheetah; a carnivorous animal like the tiger with spotted skin. It is trained for hunting the deer. See ~ and fi:fur. 2 artist, painter. 3 a blood-purifying and phlegm-eradicating herb, CItra (L Plumbago Zeylanica). Its latent effect is warm and dry. 4 snake with spotted skin. 5 castor. ~ [cItr-kala] n painting; art of painting. 2 See U/7iCXW. ~ [cItr-kar] n artist, painter. ftl4WJ! [cItr-kari] n art of painting. ~~~ [cItr-kustL ~cg1'j; [cItraku~th] See [cItr-kut] a mountain near Payastini (Mandakini) river in district Banda of BundeI Khand in central India. It is situated four miles away from Chittarkoot railway station ofG.I.P. railway. Ram, Sita and Lachhman stayed on this hill during their exile in a thatched hut made by them. The hermitage of sage Valmiki was also situated here. ~ [cItr-k'ith] n one having a multicoloured neck, pigeon. ~ [cItr-gupatJ Skt ~ according to Sikhism, the observant soul that secretly keeps record of vices and virtues of the individuals. See o(iftatliJ. 2 per Purans, a record keeper of Dharam Raj, god of death, who secretly notes down the deeds of individual souls. There is a reference in Sakand Puran to a raja named Chitar, who was an expert in accounts. Dharam Raj had him picked up (when..he entered the river to take his bath) and assigned him the office work. According to Bhavishyat PUTan, when Brahma went into deep meditation after the
~

~~.

pani me nIS dIn rahe jake ha<;l na mas, kam kare tarvar ko plnr pani me bas. ,cItrcadnka. This is a potter's line or cord. 7 See ~. 8 blood-purifying drug made from a plant ophelia chirretta. 9 adj spotted., multicoloured. ~ [cItr-sal], fi3:'JAiMI [cItr-salaJ n a house with mural paintings; house decorated with
lsaty s5tokh d<Jya dh<Jr<Jm <Jle dhir<Jj m<Joae. kam krodh lobh moh ate ah5kar rusac. p5j tatt5 de gUD kh:rma ad:rv<Jsae.
~abad sapara~

adl p5j v1say g<Jvac.

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3 madder. 4 parsley. 5 a nymph in heaven. speech. 6 spotted cow. 7 a river, that flowed through ~ [CIthl).a] Skt Btt v chew; crush under Ferozepur region in ancient times. See ~. molars. 2 crush by rubbing, grind. "Sdl).U kisara 8 a shrub. See ~ 3. cIthIa."-varmajh m 1. [CItrag] adjhaving spotted limbs; spotted, fue' [CId] See mo. piebald (horse), mottled. 2 a spotted deer. 3 a ft:ft!" [cfd] n anxiety, worry. "bhE bInse utri sdbh spotted snake. cfd."--prdbha m 5. 2 anxiety, can;), attention. "jISdhI hamari cfd."-var sar m 4. ~ [CItragad] son of king Shantnu from 3 deliberation, consideration. "bah bInod cfd Satyavati's womb. He was Bhiisham's stepbrother. rdS laga."-sri beI).i. fi:JftIil" [cItrIl).i] In poetics, a category of ~ aifa' [CIdjdr grathI] Skt ~\ruf6 "JJ"P:r n women. link between consciousness and inertness; "nr.Ity git kavIta run: acalcItt caldrI;;tI, arrogance, pride, ego. bIhrat ratI atI surat jal mukh sugadh ki sn;;tI, rJt!i!J~o [cfdbhdvdn] See rtf3i3~('j. vnallom tanu madangnh bhavat sakal suvas, fu't!;it [cfdriJ n worry. 2 thinking power. mItr-CItt prIy CI trIl).i janahu ke;;avdas." -mET [cfda] n worry. "mdn V:EapIa cfda." -maru am 5. 2 concern. "nfda cfda kdrdhI -rdsIkpnya. parai."-gau m 1. 'concerned with condemation ~ [cItrottar] (cItr c= picture or description from others.' uttar = answer) It is a figurative expression based on letters, requiring answer posed fet!IOIlft [CIdaka;;] n sky-like Supreme Reality; unattached like the Creator. through a figure in a figurative way. pra;;an lIkhe muratI vIkhe uttar hVE tasvir, ftret3w [CIdatma] Skt~, Supreme SoulcItrottar tako kahE kavIjan mdtIgabhir. the source of consciousness. ~ [CIdanad] n Supreme Soul-source of Example: ;;ri drjdn lah::H te ca tdk ki tdsvir, bliss. prdgdt kdrdn dpni da;;a bheji SdtIguru tiro ~ [CIdabhas] n individual soul-the image ofconsciousness. 2 image ofthe Supreme Soul ramdas SdtIguru ne megh bhanu lIkhdin, reflected in the conscience. ;;ri drjdn anad bhe VachTt uttdr cin. Guru Arjan Dev depicted the picture of ~ [CIdar], ~ [CIdardd] P A'f n silken ropes used as front fetter and rear tether for a rainbird to express his ardenlt desire for a horse. 2 P ).AJ.~ what does he keep? What does glimpse of the Guru. "m.era mdnu 10CE he have? "nam cIdara?"-NP. gurddrsan tai. bIlap kdre catnk ki l).Iai." Guru Ram Das replied by drawing figures of the ~ [cfdIdra], ftl'funfr [cfdIa] pondered, contemplated. "mdn cfdIdra phdlu paIa." cloud and the sun indicating thereby that he -bIlla c11at m 4. "mdncfdIa SdtIguru dIvaIa." (Guru Arjan Dev) would have a rain drop from -asa m 5. the cloud (representative of Guru) the next rnt!'t [cfdi] pondered, contemplated. day as soon as the sun rose. 2 meditated, contemplated. "mdncfdi so phdl Many poets consider this figure of speech paIda."-sri m 5 pEpaI. as subsumed by cItr figure of speech, while several others include it in "suk;;dm" figure of fiR [cfde] pondered; contemplated.

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creation of the universe, a multicoloured man appeared from his body, who was holding a pen and an inkpot in his hand. When Brahma arose from the trance, the person asked Brahma about his name and duties. Brahma told that his name would be kayasth as he was created out of his (Brahma's) body ~ [kay] and his duties would beto keep record ofdeeds of the human beings. People belonging to Kayasth subcaste regard him as their real ancestor. In Garurh Puran Chitar Gupt has a different abode, close to that ofYam Raj. Chitar Gupt is worshipped on the 2 nd day of the brighter phase of lunar month Kattak (also called Yam Dvitiya-Bhaidooj). "cIlr-gupalka kagad pharIa jamduta kachu na cali."-sri ch;H m 5. In Islam too, there are many messengers of God just like ChitarGupt. See~. ~R'm [cItr-jodhi] adj fighting amazingly. "baQo CItrajodhi karodhi bral;'J. "-paras. fe~eaa(') [CItr-darshan] n In poetics, recalling to mind the image of one's beloved just by looking at the picture; getting absorbed in the image just by looking at it. See~. ~ [CItr-dhcmil n one who is excellent in the art of painting; expel1 painter. "mana lIkhi cItradhani."--hanu. ~ [CItr-nI] See fuf'iIit. 2 See ru~r(')rtH. fe;:afi'lfeH [CItranI-Is] Lord of CItra zodiac; the moon. "tam-atvk parkas sakal JIS. dIjvar prajanath cItranI-Is."saloh. ~ [CItr-ni] See f'tlfpft. ~ [cItr-pada] a poetic metre, marked by four lines, each line having two bhagal:Ls, and two gurus i.e. 511, 511, 5, 5, also called vICItrpada. Example: prem karE gurubani. sikh dharE sukhd ani. ke~ knpan dharate. SIgh sClrup bkh5lc..

2 Its second form, called cakor, comprises seven bhagaDs and guru laghu in every line: 511,511,511,511,511,511, 511, 5, I. Example: par pare jagsagar te ur te parda bhram ko sabh par, parad ke sam jo man c;'Jcal ta mahf mul vIkar upar, paran prem karE guru nanak jo ~Cln:ragat ke pratI par, paras jyo ChUI jat jInE s;)m loh ju k;'Jcan hot apar. -GPS. ~ [cItr-putrIka] n painting in words. ~ [CItr-bhanu] Skt n fire, blaze. 2 sun. 3 Ashvni Kumar. 4 akk, a wild plant. 5 ruler of Manipur, who was father of Chitrangada and father-in-law ofAIjun. ~ [CItr-rdth] the sun whose vehicle is a multicoloured chariot. 2 a celestial musician, son of Kashyap from Muni, the daughter of Daksh. 3 grand son ofKrishan and son ofGad. ~ [cItr-rIkha], ~ [CItr-rekh], ~ lCIlrarekha], ~1:fT [CItralekha] Skt ~ daughter of Kooshmand, a minister of Van (Bansur), a superb word picture painter. She was a dear friend of Van's daughter, Usha. Sec~. "tJ lag cItr-nkha ju huti su sakhi Ih ki Ih ke c,Uug ai."-knsdn. "cItr-rekh tab soc jdnai." -krIson. ~Re-:;rr [CItr-vIdya] n art of painting, painting. 2 rare knowledge. fe~f~M'H [cItr-vIlas] one of the main disciples of Shankaracharya. 2 a collection of poems composed by poet Amrit Rai of Lahore. See

f'iRrr [cItra] See~. 2 Skt n a celestial body,

also called 3"'0'" [tara]. According to Purans, Chitra is regarded as the wife of the moon. "cIlra ke s;)mct cad anvd bal;'Jd kar."-GPs.

~.

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furr [CIdrup] Skt n Supreme Soul-the source

of consciousness; source of enlightenment. ftlrnrr [cmag] n spark, atom of luminous fire. 2 a urinary disease. "cInag prameh bhagfdr dakhutra."-carItr 405. It is a type of painful urination. InAyurveda it is named mutraghat. J,}I/ dyasuria. This ailment is caused by taking very spicy food with woman and dry effect on the body, excessive drinking, resisting urination, having intercourse with a woman during her menstrual period. One feels burning pain during urination due to infection in the urinary track. Sometimes it may result in pus. It common treatment is: (1) Taking cold drink made by crushing mixture ofbhakra (a hard thorny seed--trigulus alatus), seeds of musk melon, chicory, white cumin seeds, bahuphali and cardamon. Decoction ofthe mixture ofthese things should be taken during winter. (2) Preparing small doses ofone and a half masa each ofthe crushed powder of vaslocan, cardamom, lump sugar, resin extract and catechu, all in equal measure by weight and taking two to three such doses daily alongwith goat's milk or diluted fresh milk. (3) Adding five drops each of the extract ofsandalwood or resin to sherbat oflump sugar or milk and taking it thrice a day. (4) Taking twice a day with milk one masha' of oxide of sagayhud (pattharber)-a herbal plant. (5) Taking diet containing rice, miilk, kidney beans, spinach, dish of rice mixed with kiidney beans etc, pumpkins etc. (b) Syphlistic disorder occurs by taking acerbic, spicy and pungent food and one feels burning pinpricks in the whole body. The pinpricks are felt like sharp needles in the head,

back and ribs. To have relief from such shooting pain, one must massage the body with mustard oil. Massaging the body with paste prepared from crushing equal amount ofwhite sandalwood, kacur (medicinal plant named curcuma rectinata), coriander, holly! hock (alcea roses), qrFJ""cft [kasni] (wild succory; chicory) in water. Taking blood-purifying medicines and laxatives is also useful in treating this disease. Also taking of harar (chebulic myrobalan), honey and easily digestiw diet like milk, rice, kidney beans etc is useful for relief from this ailment. FtlC'ldl'J! [cmgari] See ft3'C'lor. ftJo3t [cInti] n masoning, construction. "tahf bajar ki cmti hOI."--GPS. See ftl<!or, ftJol..rl;r [cmmay] Skt ~ adj embodiment of consciousness, of enlightenment. ~ [cmmatr] Skt~ adjjust conscious. ~ -u~ [cmvat peretu] See fi:Rr;:r. 'ftrore" [CInar] n identity, knowll~dge of identification mark. "Ik bIn dusar s6 na cInar."~hajare 10.2 poplar, plane tree. See tJ?iTQ. "ba<;le CInar tare sovat bhai."-carItr222. ~ [CInari] n identification. "bIna cInari mIl hE jEse."-NP. fuo't [CIni] P JJ adv such as, as. "mam i cIni ahIval."-tIlag ill 1. "f';jq [cfnh] Skt ~ vr mark, identify. 2: n mark, sign. 3 facets. ~ [CInhcakr] identification marks on the body; appearance. ~Tij" [cmhar], ~roT [cInhari] Sel~ ~
~.

fu'fQ3" [cmhIt] adj with marks. ft:rtm" [CIpak] n stickiness. 2 a preying bird. It
is a male hawk smaller in size. Hunters rear it rarely because it is not effective in hunting. It is also named as $Ikrin. "cIpak dhutiE jat na g~:mi."-carItr 307. See ~ and fF.ra~ tf&ft.

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ft'hl l Gl3 1

~ [CIp;:Jkl).a], ~ [CIp;:Jkna] v cling,'

stick, adhere to. 2 get compressed.

fetrGr [CIpta], ftRRT [crpti] Skt fBfuz adj flat,

not raised at any point, compressed. 2 plain, even, level. f;:rl..tt))fT [CIpia] n beggar's bowl; bowl made from the shell of sea coconut. "hath;:Jn me CIpia g;:JhrIEhf. "-knsCJn. ftftr<!r [crppl).a] v flatten, flatten by pressing or beating. ffi'tit [e r p pi] See ftn.itrr. ~ [erbuk] Skt n chin. "crbuk ;:Jmol chdbr here te lubhav;:Ji."-NP. ~ [erbh;:Jr] Skt ~ n a fruit growing on creepers during summer, which is sour and sweet. When of larger size it is called rar crbbh;:Jr. This fruit is dried by cutting into pieces and then used for taliness in vegetables. Its latent effect is warm and oily. L Cucumis Utilissimus. ftn..Icor [erm;:Jtna] v adhere, stick. 2 cling. ftn.rGr [ermta] n a forceps like implement used to grip an object. It is mostly used in kitchens. Beggars keep it in their hands. Now-a-days chorus singers with no specific knowledge of music use it to produce rhythm. fffir [err] Skt adj old. 2 adv for many days, since long. 3 n delay. ftreqr [errka], fuooit [errki] adj old. ~ [errg;:Jt] Skt ~, tlCcxFdj<J n cage, the living place of a male sparrow. "crrg;:Jt pharr catara IE garo."-asa kCJbir. 'The cage is body's skeleton.' rtl'i'lflloeo [errjivan], ftrat:ft~ [CIjivanu] none having long life. 2 adj long-lived. "crrjivanu upjra sajogr."-asa m 5. ~ [errjivi] Skt ~fc8, adj long living, living for a long period. "kai kotr kie crrjive." -sukhmani. 2 n In Purans, the following seven persons are supposed to have lived long life

and did not die till doom's day: Markanday, Ashvathama, Bali, Hanuman, Vibhishan, Kripacharya, Parshuram. In many scriptures these long-living persons are thought to be eight, Vyas being the eighth one. 3 Vishnu. 4 crow. S silk-cotton tree. L bombax heptaphylum. fffiJ3' [crrat] irritated. "j;:Jb crtt crrat. uth SEl). ghrrat. "-kCJlki. "fffil'w [errayya] adj who saws. 2 n sparrow. "nubh ke uc;layya ko crrayya kE bakhaniE." -okal. ~ [crr-rana] v produce a chirping sound. 2 adj produce an irritating sound. ~ [crrva] See ~. "sevkia crrve Iac;lua." -krrsCJll. ftra'r [erra] male sparrow, bird. 2 P I.~ why, when. fuQrfu [erra r] produces a chirping sound; irritating sound. "crrar jya bhathi."-kalki. 2 on getting irritated. rtldfe3' [crrarta] See Ftld'lJ13'. fffirrm [crrai] act of sawing. 2 wages for sawll1g. ftra'<rr [c rrag] See t3"d'cJT. ~ [erral).a], ~ [erral).o] adjold, ancient. "mrtahr kamal).e pap crral).e."-dhCJna m 5. 2 without beginning; eternal; ever-existent. "saca mahI] crral)a."-tukha chJt m 1. "prabhu purakh crral).e."-brha chat m 5. 3 long-living, living for a long period. ftraT3' [crrat] since long. 2 gets irritated. "crrat basat kuchu na."-ramav. ftra'w [crrana], ftra-ro't [crrani], ~ [errano] adj old, ancient. 2 without beginning, eternal. "puran bhagat crrano."-mala m 5.3 ancient, old. "db ucra mE katha crrani."-brdhCJm. 4 Seef~. ft:rQrH [errama] adv for long. "kalr bhagwat bad crram5."--prCJbha beI)i. 'prays for a long time.' rtld'lJ13 1 [crrayta] Skt ~ a medicinal plant

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specially grown in hilly regions, used for curing -suhi m 1. several diseases. It is bitter in taste and its latent ~ [CIlka] n disciple, follower. "CIIka hvrhE effect is warm and dry. It is an excellent adhIk su JrE."-GV 10. antipyretic medicine, purifies blood and acts FeMFOle6 [CIlkIonu] He brought to light. He as an appetizer. In Sanskrit it is known by many brought it in print. "bn avag::JD cIlkIonu." names like krrat, bhunib, katu, QTl-fFl(') [ramsen] --var ram 3. etc. L Agathotes Chirata. ftrM-.aTw [CIlcoza] P n a kind of nut ~ [cnayu], ftlCj'lBPJ [cnayu:;;], ~ obtained from pine seed. See ~. [crrayukh] adjlong-living, having a long life. FeMFewd [CIlcIlat] adj producing dim light; with average light. "raVI thorak CIlcIlat." 2 n deity, god. fe'fu [CIn] Skt VI' cause pain, torment. 2 n -cantr 183.2 crying, shrieking. parrot. fuM"3u [CIltahL "furBr [CIIta] P ~ n shirt-like fffift [crri] adv since long. "cHi vIchune armour. "CIlta karkE sabh saj hi s6 barno meIIanu."-sri m 3. 2 n sparrow, bird. hdthIar."-gurusobha. "bIdhya cIltIa dval 'ftrijf [c rri] See"R:raT 1. para padhara. "-VN. 'Arrows crossed the belt ft:Rft>w [crria] n maid servant, female attendant. piercing through the armour.' Some ignorant scribes have written cIlkata for cIlt~lh. "teri pTIy crria."-sar m 5. 2 sparrow. ftra'lw [crriya] See fualr' 2. "crriya ban me fum..r [CIlam] P ~ cup-shaped earthen bowl of cuhkE tab b,"-krIsan. a hubble-bubble used for smoking hemp, ~ [cnu] See fB"O. "nru hoa dekhe tobacco etc. fuMf'J..rw [CIlmIla], fufui'Hf'M" [CIIIm:III] Skt sarigpani."-majh m 5. fe"ij' [cITe] irritated, got irritated. "cITe car lightning. "CIIImIII bIsiar dunia phani."-var Ghuke."-VN. 'in irritation, (they) advanced mala m 1. 'The world, flashing like lightning, from all sides.' 2 plural ofcHa (CIra). is transitory.' 2 P ...J): without proof. ~ [cITokr;a] adj old, ancient. ft.fM" [CIII] Skt 1~ VI' open, loosen, express f;N'tft [cIT5ji] n a dry fruit having fiJur seeds one's mind, play trick, cheat. 2 n kite., within its shell; seeds of pnyal tree, which ftfw [CIlIa] n bowstring, merit. 2 embroidered taste like almonds. Its latent effect is warm end portion ofa turban. 3 P .J;- period offorty and oily. L Chironjia aspida. "dakh crr5ji mrrc. days for keeping fast etc. ftl1;sl [CIlh] n double sack used for loading adI. "-GPS. ~ [crrakal] n long time. 2 adv after a beasts. 2 SkI a preying bird. long time, since long. "crr5kal Ihu df'll sajria." ~ [CIlIiavala] a village in tehsil Falia of district Gujarat. There was an unprovoked -gaum 5. battle between the Sikh forces ofSardar Chatur ~ [cIrajiv], ftlJrll'iil [cIr5jivi] See ~ Singh and his son Raja Sher Singh Attariwala and~. fin? [CII] Skt fcrq VI' wear clothes; dress up. against Lord Gough on 13 th January, 1849. 1 In 2 See 'f'th;). this combat twenty-eight British army officers, ~ [CIlak] n lustrc, brightness, light. two hundred eighty-six junior officers and ~ [CIlakr;a] V shine, sparkle, flash. 1. adj 'In this eon text see "Annexation of the Punjab" by Major shining, bright. "ujdlu kEha CJlakl!a." Evans Bell.

oJA

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soldiers, eighteen Indian anny officers and two hundred seventy-eight soldiers i.e. a total of 610 army personnel laid down their lives. The British Government has constructed a memorial of this war.! Now Chillianwala railway station is situated on Lala Musa and Malak Walline. fu;r [err] n insistence, obstinacy. 2 sense of irritation. Skt ~ vr get angry. fu;ror [crrna] v get irritated. See fts". ~ [crrva] Sktfufl..J'zn soaked, boiled, salted, and beaten fried rice. It is a favourite dish of the people belonging to eastern India. fu3r [erra] n male sparrow; well known bird, that mostly lives in houses. Fe;jiQa ' [crrauDa] v irritate, make angry. (Skt ~ vr.get angry). "dusatu dEt crrara."-bhE"r m3. ~ [errai] n sense of irritation; irritation. 2 adjprovoked to irritation. "oni tupak taDr calai, onhi hasatr crrai."-asa am 1. 'Mughals fired a volley with guns. The Pathans advanced their army ofelephants by goading.' In wars fought in the ancient times, the Indian rulers used to fight by positioning their elephants in front but they could not face the attack of guns and cannons. fu;.ft [crri] n sparrow. "crri cuhki pah phuti." -var gau 2 m 5. tit [ei] of. "satei sagatr satkatha ras." -asa ravIdas.
ITo Record The names of the brave officers Who fell in the grcat battle Fought on the adjoining plain 13 'h January, 1811-9. This cross is placed beside Their tomb by Richard 6 'h Earl of Mayo; Viceroy and Governor-General, 1871.

tif [ci] n chirping sound of a sparrow. 2 low cry, plaintive sound. 3 P t:t? n wrinkle, shrivel. 4 See tftn. 5 adj picker. It is used as a suffix as
in gulci-picker of flowers. tfu:r [cis] n throbbing pain, shooting pain. 2 cry, shriek, wailing sound. "hasatr bhagkE cisa marE."-g5Q kabir. tftR3+ [cista] P u~ n puzzle, quiz. 2 P UI~ what is he? what is that? ~ [cihka] See ~. ~ [cihaD] n horse's neigh; sexual excitement. "caclie taji eihaDa."-ramav. m [cik] Skt~vrtolerate, get impatient, touch. 2 n shriek, cry. ~ [cikna] v shriek, cry, shout with pain in a loud voice, grumble with ire. 2 See~. tftaor [eikna] See ~. 2 adj smooth, soft, mild. 3 oily. See~. ~ [cibr], ~ [cikar] n mud, slush, slime. See~. "q.hrg gram ki cikar brthrava."-asa eMit m 4. titcmr [cikrr] in the mud. "moh cikarr phathe." -asa chat m 4. ~ [cikaru] See~. "kaq.hr paDi cikaru pavE go."-kan a m 4. tftQr [cika] n two-stringed musical instrument that is played with yard-like rod; a village in district Kamal tehsil Kaithal police station Gulha. A gurdwara relating to Guru Nanak Dev and Guru Teg Bahadur is situated there. The shrine is raised, but there no priest. It is 20 miles to the north-east ofPatiala railway station connected by an unmetalled road. See~. ~ [cIghaD] Dg n long stick used for the cremation of a dead body; unhewn club. tile~gc1 [cicvahuti] n an insect 'with soft red velvety coat, which appears in the rainy season; a kind oflady bug-Mylabris Cichrrii. Ayurvedic physicians use it to cure paralysis. It is beneficial to rub the powder of this insect

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mixed with wax on the swollen part of the tfId(,)ij'ij [citanhar] adjone who paints; a painter. body. 2 11 an artist, portraitist. "kIn OI cite ~ [eici] 11 little finger. 6(f(')D,!6(I. citanhare. "-gdU k;:Jbir. ~0RIft [eiciigli] little finger. "jIU lahuri ciciigli tfum [cit;:lr], tflo<;) [eital] 11 an antelope; a deer with white spots on its body. "citar:>r sase bahu pEdhi chap mIli vaqIai."-B9. tfu:r [cij] or B1tr [ciju] P Z 11 thing., material mare." -krrs;:Jn. object, liquid. "eku ciju mujhE dehI, avar jahar tftar [cita] See f~. "batar cite aru si:ghata." eij na bhaIa."-var mCJla 111 1. 2 meal, food, -bhr kCJbir. 2 xa urine. 3 See tft3" 1. "numal diet. "dharti ciji kI kare jIsu VICI sabhu kIChu bhae cita."-brla 111 5.4 conscious. "manmahI m~mua CIt mahI cita."--bCJs5t;:J 111 1. 'In the hOI."-var 111ajh 111 2. This is a ret:erence to the ceremony of performing oblation in which mind is the object of reverence and in the sacrificial food is offered to the earth, i.e. as conscience is the Supreme Being.' 5 adj water is an offering to the ocean, so is food painted, illustrated. an offering to the earth. 3 also used in place tftar C.Ni~C!i [cita kudaUlJa], tfta'r ~~ [eita ofBH' [coj] (play, miracle). "cij karam mam bhajaUl:w] xa v urinate, discharge urine. bhavde han bujhanI nahi hana. "--var asa. [citI] in the heart. "CitI cItvau mItu tfu:it [ciji] within the things. within objects. "hal' adhare."-brla ch5t 111 5. 2 whole-heartedly, from the depth of one's heart. eiji jIm rag kia."-asa PCJti m 1.2 P tftF.f some tftg [CItU] See BE. mind, innerself. "arpau apno object. 3 See tfttr 2. citu."-dhCJna m 5. tfltr [eiju] See tfttr. tftGr [cita], tftit [citi] male ant, large ant; emmet tft3" [cite] painted. See tfI3(,)ij'ij. 2 plural ofcItrak pismire. "eiti cita bIl se mkas."-BGK. "citi (CI tta). See tft3"r 1. hOI cunI khai."-ra111 kCJbir. Here it implies tftao [cith~m], tftEror [eithna] See ftrero1". ;furor [cithra], ~ [cithra] 11 a piece oftattered humility. "eiti te kucar ;:lsthula. "-c)pCJi. ~ [cil).a] Skt "titoO<" 11 a cereal, harvested in cloth; a piece of cloth used for cleaning millstones. "caki ka cithra kaha lEjahI?"'-bds5t autumn. L Panicum miliaceum. E common kdbir. millet. ;fur [cit] or tftg [citu] Skt~ iinnerself. "prabhu ;;fteo [cidan] P (;)~ pick grain, select. 2 elect, sift. SIU lagIrahIo mera citu."-dhdna 111 5. 2 memory, recollection, m,:ditation. "manua tfte'r [cida] P .~ adjthe elected one, the chosen qolE cit anitI." -b;:Js5t;:J 111 1. 'During improper one. meditation, the mind remains wavering.' 3 tft3" tfto [cin] 11 sign, mark. 2 Skt 11 a renowned country of east Asia, located north of India [eit] has also been used for CItr. "anIk gupat beyond the Himalaya. This old name finds pr;:lgte t;:lhI cit. "-sar <J 111 5. 'Chitgupt, in Sanskrit scriptures. Chinwis spread mention Chitargupt' (mythical, invisible angel over 5,445,980 square miles and its population accompanying every person and recording his is 436,091 ,953. It is divided into eight,~en vast or her good or bad deeds). regions. Most of the Chinese are Buddhists. ~ [eitkar] Skt ~ 11 cry, shriek. "cahii The name of its capital is Pekin. "ein maein ke or tE cavqE eitkari."-c;:Jrrtr 96. sis nyavE. "--dkal. See mit ~. 3 a kind of ~ [citgupat] See tft3" 3.

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millet, food. 4 thread, cotton yarn. 5 small flag, pennon. 6 a variety of sugarcane known as Be [Cd!)]. 7 resident of China. 8 Chinese cloth. 9 imperative of cin-na 'see! recognize!' ~ [cindna] v recognize by observing some sign. 2 know, understand. "jdb ndhi cindSI atdmram."-gdv kdbir. "jInI atdmtdtu nd cinIa."-prabha beI)i. 3 see, visualize through reasoning power. tft'o1' [cina] See 'tft7i?lr. 2 resident of China, Chinese. 3 red and white, dappled. 4 See~. 5 past tense of cin-na, observed, recognized. ~ [cina:;;uk] Skt n a Chinese cloth, silken cloth. Chinese silk fabrics are very famous since ancient times. 2 red coloured woolen cloth of superior quality made in China. [cim] by observing. 2 by knowing, by understanding or grasping. "sdbdd cinI sukh paIa."-prdbha d 111 3. "atdm cinI bhde nnakari. "-asa d 111 1. m [cini] adj concerning China; Chinese; something Chinese. 2 n pure crystal sugar; clean sugar without scum. 3 a kind of white Chinese clay found on Kingbhichin mountain and used for making beautiful utensils, Chinese clay, known as Keolin in China. 4 feminine of tf\oT [cina]. 5 See tfto't ~. tfto't ~ [cini yatri] Many Chinese Buddhist travellers came to India. Of them two are famous. Fa-hien or Fa-Hian travelled from 399 AD to 414 AD and was in Ind ia from 401 AD to 410 AD. He came here during the reign of Chandar Gupt, The second was Hiuen-Tsang or Hiwen Tsiang, who left his country in 629 AD and reached the country of Gandhar in 630AD and kept roaming in India till 643 AD. He was born in 600 AD and died in 664 AD. Both these travellers followed the route via Kabul. Historians have learnt a lot from their writings.

tfto't ~ [cini vala] Namdhari Sikhs gave this

name to Baba Ram Singh because he used to ride a Chinese horse. 'tftQ [cinh] See f'tJq. 2 knowledge, experience. "ramrdSaI!)U rdsna cinhe."-bher 111 5. ~ [cinhe] See ti'tQ. ;fu:' l:j"T"gffT ~ [ciph khaIsa divan] See fl::TurJ:Iw. tfu.rr [cima] a Jatt subcaste, which originated from Chauhan Rajputs. 2 a village, which was founded by Jatts of Cheema subcaste. See
~2.

;fur [cir] n sign or mark of a cut. 2, Skt ~ garment. "kaIa kdci, kdca cir ha4hae."-majh d m 3. 3 bark of a tree. 4 teat of a cow. 5 P 2: adj brave, courageous. 6 victorious,

triumphant. 7 n victory, triumph. 8 elderliness. "jf' cIdrup cnjiv SddEVi cir nd jandt kOI tumari." -sdloh. tfldut!fjl [cirdhddsti] P JJ~3 n blustering behaviour, use of force. 2 might, domination. ~ [cir-hdrd!)] act ofstealing clothes, taking away the clothes. It is a tale in Krishan Avtar, in which lord Krishan took away the clothes ofthe bathing gopis and climbed up a tree. ~ [cirdD] Skt titt adj sliced, torn. 2 gathered, piled. ~ [cirDa], \fum" [ cirna] v tear, split into two parts. See ~. ;fur" [cira] an injury or wound caused by a cut; wound. 2 mark that separates two states; boundary line; demarcation of a kingdom's boundary. 3 P ~J.!, bravery, courage. 4 victory, triumph. 5 a colourful scarf used by ladies. 6 might, power. "kOI nd jaDE tera keta kevd4u cira."-sodarv. "sdbh jagu tIS kE VdSI hE sdbh tIs ka cira."-var guj 1 m 3. "sdbh ko jdm ke
'Multi-cD loured SiJrbad is also called tft<rr [cira] in Rajputana, Punjabi words like vastar. Jar (daman) etc in the sense oftiter' [cira] havc their root only in this Persian word.

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cireVIcI h."-var bIla m 3. "hal'I ji saca sacu tu sabhu kIChu ten' cirE.''-sri m 3. 7 adjcourageous, brave. 8 high, great. 9 wise. 10 in Guru Vilas, tftaT [cira] is used for cIhra"IIkhf' tas cira." See fu<:Rrr fucrc:r. tffift [ciri] letter, missive. "ciri ai q.lnl na kau." -var ram 1 m 1. "jIn ki ciri dargahI pati." -asa am 1. 2 letter of authority; warrant. "ciri jaki na phIr sahIbu so parval).u."-var sar m 2.3 Skt cricket, an insect having shrill voice; gryllus domesticus. tfuft 'U"'Git [ciri patl).i] end of life; death. In India it is a trad ition to tear the corner of the letter carrying news of dt~ath. 2 See tfl<3t. 3 A paper is torn into half to attach in the file after framing the charge. tftg [ciru] See t:ito. tfffi [cil], ~ [cilh] n eagle. See NC'>. 2 a mountain tree, pine tree. L Pinus Longifolia. Its gum is called resin. See ~. ~ [civ] Skt ~ vr wear, catch, shine, speak. ~ [civar] n a thread with which a potter cuts off the pot from the wheel. 2 Skt tattered cloth, rag. ~ [Cirh] n gumminess, mucilage. 2 a mountain tree; pine tree, which secretes resin. "sarli uce thaI bahu cirh."-GPS. See tflc2 2. tfu!r [cirha] adjmucilaginous, sticky, adhesive. ~ [cu] See ~. "cu karaz h;:nnah hilte l darguza:;;t."-jafar. 2 also used in Punjabi for C) (four), as in cuhattar, curasta, curasi etc. ~~<!T [cuaul).a] v cause to drip, cause to trickle. See ~ and tr:f3". ~ [cuata], ~ [cuati] n spark; burning stick like a flambeau; smouldering piece of wood; meteor; firebrand. ~ [cUIl).a] v drip, trickle, dribble. See ~. ~ [cuij] cause trickling, cause dripping. 2 dripping, trickling. "rasuamrItu clasv cuij,"
lhilah se.

m 4. See~. ~ [cusakJ.:la] v speak in low pitch. 2 slurp. ~ [cuski] Dg n wine bowl. ;;p:r3' [cusat] P ~ ~ adj tightened. 2 firm, determined. 2 agile, active. ~FlO [cusan] Skt ~ n suck. "srol).at cusan."
-kaii
d

-dkal.

[cuhak], ~ [cuhkar] n twittering sound of birds like sparrows etc. "CIri cuhki pah phuti."-var gem 2 m 5. vmr [cuhac] See~. 2 adjtrickling, dripping. ~ [cuhcuha] adj soaked, deep, fast. ~ [cuhti] n pinching of flesh with thumb and the first finger of hand, as with pincers. "cor cahIye caq.hayo suri, cuhti lagin chaqi to kaha mar h?"-BGK. ~ [cuhattar] seventy-four. ~ [cuha!] n chirping of birds, "prat bhayo cuhlat CHi. "-krIsan. 2 laughter, fun. 3 merriment. See Bim'. 1JtJMa'il [cuhalbaz] adjjovial, witty. 2 voluptuous. ~~ [cuhalbazi] n laughter, amusement, banter. ~ [cuhal).] See Berro. ~ [cuk] n slipping of waist muscle from its position; spinal dislocation. See !for vr. 2 neglect, mistake, omission. "s same te jo cukjai."-NP. 3 completion, end. "sagal cuki muhtai."-sar m 5.4 See~. ~ [cukai] finishing, ceasing to exist. "ava1J.u jal).u na cukai." -sri m 1. "kuk pukar na cukai."-var sor ill 3. ~ [cuksai] See ~. "satIguru kevat mIldhI jIai. matI n:Jka par hv cuksai."-NP. '1JCi{(!T [cukl).a] v lift, raise. 2 forget, miss. 3 come to end. 4 become extinct. ~orr [cuka] See ~~ 4. "cuka nIhora sakhi saheri."-asa m 5. 1JClllij(!1 [cukaul).a] v forget. 2 get something raised, elevate. 3 wipe. "maIamohcukaIda."

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-illaru solhe ill 3. "man re, dujabhau cukaI." screeches when it sees some persons at night -sri ill 3. 4 settle the price. 5 clear the account. time, which alerts the people. 2 P ~ backbiter. ~ [cukath] n a door frame; threshold; cot's "na sUDai kahIa cugal ka."-var sri ill 4. frame. jEse be~kimat ko musa than katjat ~ [cukoDal, ~ [cukor] adjfour-cornered, vayas vItarjat kala~ ke nir ko, square. "cahu dIS bani supan cukor."-GPS. sap qasjat VIkh rom rom phdjat ~~ [cukadar] P J~ sugarbeet, particularly kutta katkhat rahcalat phakir ko, red in colour like carrot and turnip; sugar is bhE "hanke~" jEse bIcchu dak marjat also extracted from it. L Beta Vulgaris. E Beet. bchu na basat bhaye vyakul ~arir ko, iCl' [cukk] See ~. 2 Skt ~ VI' torture, feel tEse hi cugal hakk nahak bIrano kam pain. 3 n provocation, incitement. det hE bIgar kE na qar raghLlbir ko. i~ [cukkDa] V lift, raise. 2 urge, provoke. ;j0ll? [cGga!] n gang, group, class. 2 grip of a iCi(T [cukka] past tense of cukkDa; raised. 2 n hunting bird's claw like that of a falcon etc. quantity of something that can be placed on See ~. 3 claw, paw. the fore fingers of a hand; it is a transform of ~ [cugli] P ~ n backbiting, censure made at one's back, adverse remarks passed in one's cutka. absence. "nIt cugli karE aDh6di parai."-var ~ [cukh] adj a little, small in quantity. "je gal kapahI cukh."--s farid. 2 in tiny parts, little by gau 1 ill 4. little. "mng pakre ghan aDe hatI. cukh cukh ;raJT [cuga] See tfoTr 2. legae baqhe ba tI." -bher ill 5. 3 n part, ~ [cugath] See ~ and ~. segment. "tere nam vItahu bfd bfd cukh cukh ~ [cuGar] P J~ n shameless woman. hOI."-dhana ill 1.4 1/30 time of casa. ~'iJIT6T [cugara] adj immoral. See ~:arro. "cor cugara."-BG. VtICf [cukhak], ~ [cukhaku] small quantity, a little. "cukhaku IEke cakkhIa."-BG. 'tasted a ;joft [cGgi] n quantity of material which can be picked with four fingers; picking of a palmful small quantity.' ~ [cukhcukh] See ~ 3. of material as cess. 2 toll tax on goods taken ~ [cukha] small in quantity, a little. "nahi cft out of a city. 3 adj person having relationship with some group. "badhe eGg cGgi cale khet parai cukha."-var vac;l ill 4. ae."-carItr 320. ~ [cukhaqi] See BC?3'O. ;j"ar [cGg] n group, gang. "baqo cGg badhe jaM iOJT [cugga] n an ox with four front teeth cut; satru avE."-GPS. 2 See Bq:J?? 3 See icxr 2 and cattle with four front teeth. 2 squint-eyed, cross-eyed. ~oft. ;j~ [cGglwal, ;jl.1fOT [cGghna] v suck, sip, ~ [cugDa] v peck, sort, pick up grains (by suckle, suck milk from the teat. birds), eat grass with the help of mouth (by ;j~ [cGghavi] wet-nurse, foster-mother, the animals). 2 elect, choose. mother. See ~~. ~ [cugad] P ~ n an owl. See vom. 2 idiot. ;jmw [cGTIIa] one who picks; one who extracts ~ [cuganI] pick up. "kakaru cuganI thaii essence. 2 pfgla, one ofthe three blood vessels vasanI."-s [,Hid. in the human body according to Yog. "bhathi ;raTl"5' [cugal] n owl, female partridge. See ~ gaganu sITIIa aru cGTIIa, kanak kalas Iku 1. Thieves have named it so because it

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1199 bits. See VG vr. "trasae, cutae. "-ramav. VG'W [cutaIa] n sound produced by the snap of fingers. 2 chirping of birds. 3 Indian rosewood tree having four branches, which is there in the house ofGuru Hargobind's in-laws in Mandiali, in the shade of which he used to seat himself. "nam cutaIa yahI, jou daras ICcha karE."-GV 6. See~. ~ [cutia] n hair tied into a pigtail, tuft of hair left unshorn on top of the head. "hOI bach tumri cutia."-krIsan. 2 See rn. ~ [cutiauQu] n comet, shooting, star. "cutiauQu tej mano darsayo." -krIsan. m3. 'ijc [cuW Skt ,",c, vr become small; get to the ~ [cucgIani] adj who has shallow bottom of something; grab. knowledge, pretentious prattler without any ~~ [cutte] small quantity. 2 with a pinch. "de merit. caval cuttE."-BG. 'distribute rice in pinchfuls.' ~~ [cucvat], ~tJT3" [cucat] is leaking, is va [cuQ] Skt ~ vr wrap, encircle, hide. dripping. 2 trickling, dripping. "sr:>n 56 ek phIrE 'ij-a [cuQQ] Skt ~ vr use; indulge in sexual cucvate."-krIsan. intercourse; give a signal. 2 n female genital ~ [cucan] leaked, dripped, trickled. "rakat organ, vagma. netr cucan."-gyan. 'Rage poured out from 'ijI [cuQQu] adj debauchee, licentious. See ~a. blood-red eyes.' ~ [cUl).] Skt ~ vr trim, divide into parts. Vtr:iI' [cucy] Skt"ft vr distil, take bath. ~ [cul).na] v pick. 2 select, pile up. 3 elect, iR [cuj] See 1itr. choose. i~ [cujviril n act of pecking, pecking at, vfc!" [cUl).I] by sorting out. "bIl).U naVE CUl).I poking beak into. "khir nir nImau cujvIri." sutiahI."-sri a m 1. -BG. VO [cut] Skt ~ vr get wet, leak. 2 hi rectum, anus. "so cuti so vat mIlavE."-BG. 'The same VG [cut] Skt ,", vr become small, trim. 2 See hand touches the rectum and the mouth.' tic. ~ [cutka] masculine of cutki. See ~O(T 2. 3 See Btf3". ~ [cutkari] n sound produced by a finger's ;;r~ [cutal], ~~ [cutar] n cut-tal anus, flick. 2 sound as produced by the flick of haunches, buttock, posterior, bum. fingers. ~ [cutali] See ~. ~ [cutki] n sound produced with the help of v3t [cuti] See VO 2. thumb and middle finger. Skt~. 2 only suth ~ [cud] Skt ~ vr inspire, question, purify, quantity as can be help, between the' thumb make haste. and the first finger; a pinch, "cutkibhar lul).". i'Q' [cudh] n dazzling glare that blinds the eyes; 3 pinch. glaring light. ~ [cutae] chipped, clipped pieces, chopped i~ [cudh1aul).a], ~~ [cudhIaul).a] paIa."-sri kabir. 'The tenth door is a furnace, Ira (a vein originating.firom the left nostril and passing along the left side of the spine and reaching the brain) and pfgla (breathing through the right nostri:l) are two air pipes, pure conscience is (a pitcher) jn which the essence or amnt trickles and gets collected. See ft:ffunr". itr [cuc] Skt ~ n B"'e" beak. "so SIfI cuc savarahI kag."-gau kabir. ~ [cucgIan] n bookish knowledge, shallow knowledge, discussion without practice. "jag k;ma mukhI cucgIan."-bIla a

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v dazzle eyes. 2 close eyes because of ~tRJT [cupra] adj buttered, soaked with oil. intolerable glare. See !i-q. "cupre caru cIkne kes."-paras. ~ [cun,ma] choose. See ~. "mebt cunat ~ [cupak] n residue of sugarcane etc. left khInu pal casa lagE."-asa m 4. 'It takes a after sucking its juice. "pare cupak cup tih while to attune the musical instruments and thane."-GPs. 2 adj who sucks, who sips. select a rag or a song.' ~l.P"3T [cupata] adj silent, without speaking. vrnit [cumi] n mantilla, a light head-cloth for "guru ji cupate hi calde rahe."-JSBM. women. ~ [cUpE] from silence. "CUPE cup na hovai." VOT [cuna] P U~ adj equal, similar, identical. -japu. 'by keeping silent, mind does not get ~ [cunacr] P adveven then, according still.' 2 only silence. "CUPE caga nanka." to that, therefore. -var mala m 1. 'Silence is good.' ~ [cunar] an ancient fort in a city situated $ [cupher] adv in all the four directions; all on the bank of Ganga: in Mirzapur district of a round. V.P. Then this fort was named Charnadrigarh.! 1I~~p,p- [cuphergaThia] adj who tries to See~. please everyone; unreliable; sycophantic; In this fort are to be found the residence of unprincipled. Bhartrihari (Bharthri), his memorial and a stone ~If [cub] Skt ~ vr kiss, osculate, be violent. slab on which he used to sit to perform yog. ~aq [cubak] adj who kisses. 2 n a particular vfo [cUnI] after choosing, by picking up. "kad metal which attracts iron towards itself, which mulu cunI khaI a."-sor kabir. See"()J"C: 20. is obtained from mines and is also prepared vo1 [cuni] See fu?ft. 2 See ~. "hathi cuni nd through chemical experiments; loadstone; jar."-s kabir. 'The elephant (all vanity) cannot magnet. pick up (any thing).' ~ [cubacca] See mftJr. ~o1 [cuni] See ~. 2 See ~. ~ "J1I"fuIf [cubacca sahIb] See mftJr 2. 2 a ~ kunia] n mantilla, light head cloth for famous gurdwara of Guru Arjan named ladies, head scarf. "oc).hk lal cali cunia hE." Chubacha Sahib, situated to the east of village Sarhali in Tarn Taran tehsil, district Amritsar. -krrsan. 2 a bit of precious stone, gem. "kacan me cunia cunI khaci."--krIsan. 3 a species of The Guru stayed here for sometime with Mata duck (water fowl). Ganga. After that, he graced Cholhe Sahib with ~~0J}f [cuniabegam] Opium eaters call his visit. The gurdwara has twenty-five opium cunia begam. ghumaons of land in its name. Its priest is a sadhu from the Udasi sect. This place is ~ [cup] Skt 'Tl. VI' walk slowly. 2 n silence, quietness. 3 adj silent, reticent. located about four miles away to the east of ~ [cupkal, ~l.IOf\3T [cupkita] adj one ')'ho Patti railway station. 3 See ~. observes silence, reticent. ~ ~ [cubacca ramraI] See ~QT. ~ [cupatt] Skttfl1c adj without protuberance, ~IfO [cOban] Skt ~ n kissing; a loving kiss. plain, level, flat. 2 wide open, without veil. 1I~ [cubaTsi] n act of celebrating fourth death anniversary; a Hindu rite of feasting 3 entrance without doors. Brahmins for the benefit of a dead ancestor's lalso referred to as Chandclgarh in literature. Palvanshi soul. rajas of Bengal built this castle.

-it.;

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~

[cubara] See ~. i,iIaiijwfda [cubarasahlb] See ~\:!~ 4 and

!ilci'i!'C'S'. i;l"itft [cubadi] n act of tying the four feet.

2 act oftying the four feet of a horse (or other animals) together. V!oit [cubhki] n dip, dive, submergence. See
~vr.

[cubhI;\a], ~ [cubhna] v pitch., push into. 2 cause rankle, harbour rancour. "jlu jlu calahI cubhe dukhu pavalu."-sollIla. ;j~ [cubha] n dive. See~. ~ [cubhauI;\a] v cause to penetrate, prick. ~ [cubhal] See ~. ;j~ [cubbha], ;j"iT [cubbhi] n See 'iJ~. ;j}/q [cumak] See ;j<ror. "curnak c;lolat bic mano jalloh ki sui."-kns.::>n. ;j~ [cOmI;\a] See ;jan. ;jw [cOma] kiss. 2 may I kiss. 3 I kiss. "cOma pEr ml.1."-asa f.::>rid. ;p.r1'IT [cumasa] See ~H. Wf'3T [cumata] See 'iJ'If'3T. "jvallt hath me gahyo cumata."-GPS. [cumI] by kissing, by osculating. "apanTE ghan jaie pEr tlnha de cOmI."-s t:Jrid. V'6' [cur] n underground fireplace, hearth. 2 adj short for pracur. 3 Skt ~ vr burn, blaze. i;I"'d'mfT [curasta] Skt ~19:1..ftr n crossroad; cross mg. 'f~ ~ [curasti atari] a place near Amritsar, where the sixth Guru fought the first battle against the royal armed forces in Sammat 1685. On this crossroad is built a loft, due to which this name has become famous. ~ [curat] In Tamil language Shurul~tu means a candle-shaped leafwrapped in tobacco. English writers gave it many names, e.g cheroot, cherute, chiroot, sharute, sharoot, cheroot. It has many shapes. These days a cigar and cigarette are its modified versions. Learned doctors have

vrn

mentioned its various bad effects and have proved it deleterious for body organs like the heart, brain, muscles, liver and stomach etc. However, instead of decreasing, the bad habit of smoking is increasing daily. The report of Imperial Economic Committee makes it clear; the annual consumption ofcigarettes in India is now about 6,500,000,000 as compared with under 1,000,000,000 before the war. ~ [curaI;\] Skt ~ vr steal, rob, abduct. ~ [curva] Pu thief. 'fa-r [cura] See 'IW. "cura kin mukh hath pakhare."-GPS. ~ [curaUl).a] v take away something for personal use without the knowledge of the owner; steal; abduct. See'iJQ 3. ~ [curasi] See ~. ~ [curi] n rinsing the mouth. "pun jalpan curi karlehI."--GPs. 2 bracelet, bangle. ~ [curu] n mouthful; palm ofa hand cupped to hold water. See 1JC3C'i[. ~ [curubhar] palmful. ~ ~ [curu bharI] palmful. "apI TId dehI curu bhan pani."-gau k.::>bir. i;I"~W [cureya] Pu adj one who st(:als. 2 n bangle, bracelet. ~ [curd] See ~. ~ [curaja] fifty-four. Vl? [cul] Skt ~ vr raise, wet, dip. lfW feu1a] n palmful of water taken in one hand. 2 rinsing of mouth; water put in the mouth for wash ing. 3 prayer before God after rinsing the mouth. "tnpat hOI mukh hath pakharahu. trs pascati cula ucarahu."-GPs. The cuIa prayer is as follows: "devaI)haru dataru kltu mukhI salahie, jIsu rakhe krrpa dharr rIjak samahie, kOI na kIS hi vaSI sabhna rk dhar, pale balak vagI deke apJ: kar, karda anad brnod kIChu na jaI)ie,

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sarabdhar samrath hau tIsu kurba!)iE, gaiE ratI dIn<5tu gaVa!)jogIa, jo gur ki pEri pahI tIni harnasu bhogIa." ~var ram 2 ill 5. "da!)a pa!)i guru ka, tahI1 bhavna sIkkhJ di, teri dego prasad chakIa, deg savai teg fatah, jo jia ave so raji jave, tera nam CIttI ave." etc. ~ [culIa1a] a poetic metre, also named ~ [cu1ka], consisting offour lilles, each line having 29 matras; pauses at 13-16 matras and ending with a yaga!): ISS; or we can say that this metre is formed at the end of a couplet by adding one yaga!). Example: mardana sunkar tabE, pad par dhar 1Ilar alavE. saty vaccm tum kahI tho, je bhav ke dukh dan mItavE."-NP. vlift [culi] n rinsing of mouth; water used for rinsing the mouth. 2 \yater enough to fill a cupped palm. 3 holding watcr in a cupped palm ofthe hand atthe time of taking a vow. "nanak culia sucia je bhan ja!)E kOI ... raje culi nIav ki."-var sar ill 1. Sce ~~. ~ [cuIuk] Skt n thick mud. 2 small cooking pot. 3 palmful (of water). ;;Rftr [culUp] Skt ~ VI' trim, be ruined, swing. ;;Rf~ [eulUbh], ~ [cu1~bhu] SkI 'qcfPl1 adj coo I like the moon. "manu t;:mu hOI cu15bhu." -SU11i a m 1. 2 soaked, wet. See ~ and ~. ~ [culh], ~T [culha] Skt '3,f(::('f n fire place; place where fire is lit to cook food. ~'8' [cull] Skt ~ VI' express one's desire; enjoy. ~ [euvna] See ~. v;r [cur] See~. ~ [curatt] spread widthwise; latitude. ~ [curel], ~ [curd] n fcmale demon, female spectre, evil spirit that posscsscs living beings. See~. 2 Some trace the origin of this word to cura (jura); one who has a raised topknot (knot of hair). A she-demon is said to have a knot of

tangled hair. 3 a woman who speaks foul language; a woman with false tongue. V [cu] P ~ part when. 2 then, at that time. 3 like this, in this way. 4 like, same as. ;j [cu] n chirping sound. 2 P LJ~ adjequivalent, similar, identical. 3 part when. "ell savad takbir."-tr15g ill 1. See omfto. 4 how, in what way, by which method. Vff [cus] SkI ~ VI' suck, absorb. ~ [cuslfa], ~ [cusna] V suck, draw juice ofsomc object with the help of the tongue and lips. 2 draw the essence of something. V~ [cuh!)ia] headquarters of a tehsil in Lahore district, situated eight miles to the south of the Chhangamanga railway station. Two devout Sikhs of Sethi subcaste, whom Guru Aljan Dev named Ugvanda (Gobinda) and Sabhaga, belonged to this place. From their clan are now alive two shopkeepers named Basakhi and Salamat. iJUlf'O [cuhmar] rat-killer. See ~. ~ [cuhra] SkI one who carries night soil; one who cleans latrines; scavenger; sweeper. VtJ3' [cuhar] See ~. Puria's brother was a n5bardar (village headman) whom Guru Arjan Dev converted into a disciple and made him take a vow never to tell a lie. He served at Amritsar as a truthful and virtuous person. 2 a devotee from Sethi subcaste, who was a disciple of Guru Arjan Dev and was expert in kirtan (chanting divine hymns). 3 a Lucknowbased devotee of Guru Hargobind. The Guru explaincd to him principles and norms of Sikhism, which made him feel exalted. \! <:J~0l'<!' [cuharka!)a] a village of district, tehsil and thana Shekhupura. In between its two scttlcments, there is gurdwara Khara Sauda where Guru Nanak spent the money given to him by his father (meant for some profitable business) on serving meals to the hungry

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ascetics. This gurdwara is very elegantly built and has 250 bighas of land within its fold. Fairs are held here on Baisakhi, the first light half of the lunar month ofMagh and full moon night ofKattak. Its railway station is about two miles to the north of Chuharkana. l!iJ;S~iM [cuharval] See 5 I jHf(]s. ~ [cuhra], ~ [cuhri] low caste Hindu man or woman; outcaste; scavenger; sweeper. See ~. "parnfda ghatI cuhri." -var sri 111 1. ~ [cuha], ~ [cuhi] 11 mouse, male and female respectively. "jam cuha kIras 11J:t kurukda." ~var gau 1 111 4. vIDRr [cuhemar] See ~ro and JfI~. ~ [cuk] 11 error, omission. "svtIguru kIa kurE jau sIkha muhI cuk."-s bbir. :2 a kind of spinach, used as green leafy vegetable dish waT [sag]. It is slightly sour in taste. "soa cuk pukarat bhai. "--datt. 'A she-gardener (or wife of a gardener) gave a call to sell Hr:l" ~ [soacuk] (spinach) and from this Datt (Dattaray) got the advice that a person who is asleep (Ftw [soa]) misses ( [cuk]) all virtues.' .3 See~. ~ [cukai] forgetting, committing a mistake. 2 ending, finishing. See~. ~ [cuk!)a], ~ [cukna] v err. 2 end, finish. "cuka ava!)!,J ja!)u."~var sor 111 3. "jab CUkE pacdhatu ki racna." --marubbir. 3 lose feeling of being calm. "pachotava na mIlE jvb cukEgi sari."-tI1Jg m 1_ 4 See 'JC?" 2. tjm [cuh] P Jh adj because; because of this; due to. Vl:fT [cukha] Bhai Pheru, a devotee who with his truthful living, was an ideal preacher ofthe Sikh faith. ;garfu [cugahI] !-,icks up. "'ujal moti cugahI has."-asa m 1. Here has (swan) means a person having discriminating power and }j-3T [moti] (pearls) means virtues. ~ [cughna], ~llfOT [eughna] See ~Pl.lf<!T. "lele

kau cughE nIt bhec;l."-g;w kabir. [lela] (lamb) means Fik [jiv] (individual soul) and bhcc;l (sheep) means J-fTfunfr [maIa] (illusion). ~ [cucak] Heer's father. "jun jat ki tIn dhari mrI tmac;lal me a I. cucak ke upji bhavan hir nam dharvaL"-CarItr 98. See <fur. VI" [cuca] chick. In Punjabi, it is a transform of cuz;Jh. See 1ft.lT. ~tft [euci] Skt ~ 11 breast nipple through which a child sucks milk; teat. ~ [cuz;)h], 1ft.lT [cuza] P D;h chick; chicken. tj~ [cuc;lna] v scrape, pluck, or suck with teeth or beak. tj~ [cuc;la] See ~. tj~ [euc;labac;l], ~~ [cuc;lavaQ] n division according to bangle (suggestive of wife); division of property according to an old tradition. Per this old tradition, inherited property is divided in equal parts with wife (ciic;la), not children in view. For example, if a man has two wives and the first one has two sons and the later has one, and the land property is giving annual income worth Rs. 20001-, then it will be divided in two equal shares ofone thousand rupees each. See tl'~. tjfu- [euc;l I] after scraping, after plucking. 2 imperative of cuc;l!)a. "kaga! CUc;lI na pfjra." -shrid. tjm [cuc;lhi] act of pinching with the: help of the thumb and first finger, i.e. "cuc;lhi vac;l1u)i". ~ [eU!)] ,r.,'kt ~ VI' pull, hesitate. ' leu t] Skt 11 mango tree and its fruit. 2 Skt ~ female genital organ, vagina. ~ [cuto].'] See~. tj :iE })fffi:(J [cu tOd ajdah]-ramav. 'furious like a venomous snake.' ~ [cutr] See~. ~ [cuthi] 11 pivot ofa hingeless door on which it turns. VO [cun] Skt vi n flour, ground grain. "caki

'l'O Here EW

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cat;:>hI cun khahI."~bas;'jtbbir. 2 lime, lime stone. "cun cIh;:>n na rahaI."-s kabir. 3 See

"12.
~ [cunri] n mantilla or light head-cloth for

women. ''c:unri navin

lal."~ NP.

~ [cunri] See~. 2 adjwhich sucks. "jibh

r;:>saI]).I cunri."-var maru 1 m 1. 3 See 'lit. JOT [cuna] See 'In. "dUI ser magau cuna."
-sor bbir. 2 slaked lime or powdered lime stone. 3 v leak, trickle, drip. [cuni] n small fragment of gem, small piece ofa ruby. 2 light head cloth for women, mantilla. ~ [cunia] See ~lrT. 2 plural of euni. ~o1Hit [eunimaQi] a market of Lahore city where Guru Ramdas was born. See m. ~ [cup] See 12i-f. "sahje cup sahje hi japna." -gau a m 5. 2 See 'Jl.IO'. ~ [cup]).a], 'Jl.f7lT [cupna] v suck, sip. ~ [cupi] See ~. 2 adv silently, without making a noise. "eupi nu]).;:>u paIa."~asa m 1. See f[I}f ~ and t'tit. VQ [cur] or 'J2 [euru] Skt"-~ vr burn, reduce to ashes. 2 n short for Cur;:>l). "nfda teri jo kare so VaJ1E euru."--var ram 3. 'gets reduced to dust.' 3 See . "motieur baQ galnn galnnaia." -bIla am 4. ~a<!" [eura]).] Skt ~ vr attract, hesitate, inspire, grind, press. 2 n flour; ground corn. 3 powdered medicine i.e. "hazme da eura])." etc. 4 dust. "eura]). ta ean)a baIIhari."-NP. ~ [eur]).a] v grind; powder. "bh;)t bbir pac jo eure."-asa. ~'6fu" [eura]).I] gun, which kills the enemy
-s~mama.

[eur;:>n] See ~. [eurma] n sweet food made with bread crushed in butter and sugar. 2 It is also prepared by frying small pieces, made ofdough offine wheat flour, mixed with cooking oil and then by crushing them into powder and mixing

sugar in them. This food is specially offered to honour stoic saint Baba Srichand and is called rot prasad. Hindus offer this sweet food to Hanuman and Bhairav. ~ [cura] See~. "sakh motiema."-BG. 'turns a shell into a precious pearl.' 2 ~ [emma]. "akhaQ kirt;)nu tInI bhoj;:>nu eura."-gau a m 5.3 powdered stuff. 4 adjpowdered, ground. ~ [emi] n crushed bread mixed with ghee and sugar. 2 bracelet, bangle. Y9 [cmu] See . ~ [cuI] n thin side of a door board which is fixed like an axle in the hole ofthe threshold; a tenon fitted into a mortise. ~m. 2 See . 3 Skt fF.n:fr hair dressed into a braid, a tuft of hair left unshorn on top of the head. ~ [culka] See ~. yw [cula] See 'JC? 2 hip, hip joint, haunch. 3 See 1fI3T. ~ [eulh], 1fI3T [eulha] Skt Wfi and ~ n fireplace in a kitchen. "basudha khodI karahI dUI eulhe."-asa kabir. ~ [cuvcm] Skt ~ trickle, drip. ~ [cur], ~ [cupk] n pigtail, hair tied into a braid. 2 plume. 3 top of a mountain. 4 bracelet or metallic bangle. 5 a metallic ring put on the tusks of an elephant. "cur earaI hE datan dou."~GPS. ~ [eura] Skt n a tuft of hair left unshorn on top of the head. 2 crest grown on the head of a peacock and other birds. 3 raised platform or embankment around a well, maun'd. 4 forehead. 5 crown, coronet. 6 metallic bangle, bracelet or bangle usually of gold or silver, set ofarmlet bangles worn by the newlywed bride. "eura bhanu palagh SIU mudhe!" -vac;l m 1, V~ [eurama]).I] Skt n precious gem embedded in a crown. 2 a jewel for wearing on the head. 3 master or husband.

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~ [curIka] adj crowned lady. 2
11

1205

tr30 1IG

;J;;rcr [cecak] P 11 smallpox. See FlEw. glass bangle. ~ [cet] Skt 11 servant, disciple. 2 husband, male [curi] 11 a small set of red and white bangles spouse. 3 jester, joker. 4 In poetics, a pimp or wom by the newly-wed woman; bracelet, glass procurer, who helps in bringing together the bangle. "na illaniaru na curia. "~~~vCJ(l m 1. hero and the heroine. ~;ilHaz [curisarot] See ~. ~ [cetak] n dramatic entertainment, spectacle. ~ [curd], ~ [curdi] See~, 2 adj one 2 game of illusion. "natCJkcetCJkkIyekukaja." who wears bangles. "pluf s5pi curdia kCJttCJl). -VN. "kInhu SIdhI bahu cetak lae."-ram CJ bah pasar."--mCJgo. m 5.3 devotion, hobby. ~ [curhal, W [curhi] See ~. ~ and ~ [cetkaia], B"zoit [cetki] adj one who ~. presents a spectacle. 2 magician, who creates ~ [ce] suj'indicative of genitive: of. "l).adi ce illusion. "magahI ndhI SIdhI cetak, natha."-dhCJna tTIlocCJn. "name ce svami." cetkuia."-bIla CJ m 4.3 fashionable. -gujri. 2 part then, if. "tum ce par;}su ham ce ~3" [cet] Skt ~ part in case, provided, if. loha. "-pTCJbha namdev. "tum ce dhani 2 perhaps. 3 Skt ~ n mind, heart. "bhet cet dhanaq.h lakhmibdr mace cero anucar kfkar." han kIS na mIIIo."-$ri m 1 pCJhII'e. 4 soul. -sCJloh. 3 See ftr<:r 3. 5 knowledge, cognition. 6 adjconscious; alert. ~'RZ"'" [cesta] See B-T. "kahu cesta caru CIIT "ghat I ek bIkh npu cet bhayo."-rudr. sarupa."-CJkal. 7 month of Chet. See B-::r. 8 See tr~. [cest] Skt ~, VI' move, try, make effort; 9 imperative ofB-37;r [cetna]. you remember. quarrel, pass through, wander. ~ [cetuul, ~ [cetahu] meditate, remember, fur [eestajl Skt n effort, endeavour. 2 action, recollect. work. 3 movement. 4 search, quest. it3cit [cetki] adjoccurring in the month ofChet; ffiffir [cehra] See fuuor. sown in this month. 2 n harar; haritki; a ~ rn-l:fTij"~ [cehra IIkhaulFl] V seek medicinal nut (its tree as myrobalan). Some employment; join service. At the time of ayurvedic doctors call this nutBooIT. By holding recruitment, record is kept of the countenance it in the hand, one gets loose motions. or appearance of the person, therefore the ~ [eetl).a] v meditate, remember. "agode je words like cehrahol).a, cehralikhl).a and cetiE ta kaItu mIh: sajaI."-asa CJ m 1. cehraIIkhaul).a etc are used. See t~. ~ [eetan] Sid n sentient being, individual soul. tlij~ht'Jl [eehre~ahi], ~'<ft gifw [eehre~ahi 2 the Transcendent One, the Creator. 3 a rupayya] a rupee coin on which is engraved renowned Brahmin priest ofapilgrimage called the face of an emperor. In India, Aurangzeb's Pushkar, who presented himself before Guru Gobind Singh and enquired about the Khalsa. one-rupee coin is famous by this name. It is also called kaldar rupayya, because it was "vIpr val).Ik tf adIk jal. cal ae cetan dIj na1." -GPs. 4 adj consciollsly. 5 alert, vigilant. manufactured in a mint through a mechanical process. ~ [cetanta] n consciousness. l~ 1llfi<f WfU'-lf Bt,<rT'tlSCT ffi:ro UC [eetan bat], ffi:ro )-fQ [eetan math], B"3o 'Physical cffort rcquired tiJr tlJifilmcnt of onc's sclf~ ~ [eetun vat] a place in Kashi where stayed interest and eradication ofcnl11ity is callc:cl ccst~,' some Sikhs sent by Guru Gobind Singh for

bracelet,

....;s

IDr

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learning Sanskrit. This place is in possession of the Sikhs ofNirmala sect. The old name of this place was 'Yatanvat' for taking after a Shiv temple. tl30T [cetna] SkI n wisdom. understanding. "cetna hE, tcm cetlE. " t I l;'Jg m 9. 'If you have wisdom, then remember God.' 2 consciousness. "kat-hu sucet hVEkE cetna ko car kio. "-okal. ~ [cetni] while remembering. "nanak guru mcetni."-varasa.2 will meditate; will ponder over. 3 See ~. ~ [cetniy] SkI adjworth knowing. 2 worth remembering. ;}'3Q [cetar] Sec ~. ~ [cetvIa] adj contemplated, meditated. "mara1). bhaIa tdb ceIVIa."asa po/i 111 1. tlor [ceta] n meditation. "cela vCllr.'--var ram 1m 1. Remembering the Creator is Iike fertile land suitable for sowing the crop. "gdgumn5c;lal mahI rakhE ceta."-rotanmala b5no. 'meditates upon valuguru.' "das jan ell cete kari." NP. ~ [cetaIa] reminded, made one remember. 2 recollected, came to mind. tlortt [cetai] n consciousness. 2 wisdom, understanding. "cetai, ta cet."-gou var 2 m 5. 'If you are wise, then ponder over the Creator. ' tl~ [cetavni] n act of reminding. 2 remembrance. memory. 3 reminder, notice. "Ihu cetavni, mClt salusa raluja 1. "s kabir. [cetI] by recollecting, by remembering. "harI cetI khalu tIna saphCllu hE."var sri m 4. 2 in the month of Chet. "cetI govf du aradhiE."-majl1 baral1mal1a. 3 imperative of cet1).a. '(You) remember.' "cetI mana, parbrahamu." -gdU m 5. -e-3t [celi] adj relating to the month of Chet, as in "celi gulab". ~ [cetu] Sec B-3-. ~ [cetu], B'3' [ceto] /l individual soul. Seecffi;er
.C';

B'~. 2 a masad (preacher-cum-collector of

tithes and offerings) who used to stay at Anandpur Sahib in the presence ofGuru Gobind Singh. The Guru punished him for his wickedness. Bhai Santokh Singh writes that a devoted Sikh had donated some costly clothes and other gi fts to Chetu to present them to the Guru's mother, but he gave all these gifts to his wife. Chetu's secret got divulged, when the devoted Sikh came to pay respect to the Guru. ffifo [cet5n], B-3Q [cetanu] Sec B-3?l and ~. "gIani hOI su cetanu hOI."-var bll1a m 3. tlfu [cedI] Skt n area surrounding Chanderi Nagar of Bundelkhand. In Mahabharat, it is also l1<ul1ed Chaidya and Trepur. See~. Its king, Shishupal, was opposed to Lord Krishan who murdered him for making foul utterances. 2 a caste, mentioned in Rigved. ~ [cedInath], ~ [cedIpatI], Bfewi:r [cedrrajl Shishupal, the king ofChedi. See Bfu
and~.

Bora' Icenab] See~. B1.r [cep] n stickiness, viscosity, glutinosity.

ffir [cer] n an ancient country, which is also

called Kerala, now it is a part of Malabar, Cochin and Travancor. 2 See ~. "huto rasoi cer."NP. 'He was a cook.' ~ [cera] slave, servitor. 2 disciple, pupil. B-fu [cerI], B'ftmr [cerIka], B'oT [ceri], B'gC?1' [ccruli] Skt slave girl, maidservant. "sarab jotI l1a1m: ki cen."~-bas.,,}t a m 1. "tdha ek cenka nI hari. "~d<Jtt. "ceri ki seva kdrE thakur ndhi d isE." .gdU 0 m 1. Here by B'oT [ceri] is meant illusion. "ja prdbhu ki hem ceruli so sdbh te uca.' -asa In 5. 'frff [eel] See Bw. 2 SkI ~ vr move, make a movement. "SrISdtI sdbh tumri jo dehu mdti tItu cel."-asa m 4. 3 Skt n dress, cloth. frffi;r [cebkj, B'"C?'W [celka], B'w [cela] pupil,

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celestial musician named Chitrarth, which is in Kuber's possession. 2 son of raja Kuru of Chandarvansh (lunar clan). -e-o [em] n comfort, peace. "han pH bInu eEn na paiE."-majh dIn rEI). 2 See Blifi'). -e-w [eEya] a masad (preacher-cum-agent) of Bihar appointed by Guru Teg Bahadur. He also remained at this post for sometime during the time of Guru Gobind Singh. 2 adj joyous; buoyant. 3 See ~. ~ [ed] Skt n garments for wearing. "dhoI sukaI cd IE' ava."-NP. -e-~ fcddhav] one who washes clothes; washerman. B"3oIT. it lcol genitive postposition: of; belonging to. hoJr [eEtany] Skt n conscience. 2 knowledge. "sat co marag."-asa ravIdas. 2 n a piece of 3 the Transcendent One. the Creator. wood burning like a flambeau; small 4 resident of BengaL the great saint who was smouldering piece of stick. 3 See it<fT. born in Nadia Navdvip in 1485 in the house of ;Pow [coal n dripped water. 2 trickling of water. 3 oil made to drip from the wood ofa fragrant Jaganath Mishra from the womb of Sachidevi. He is known as a great teacher of one branch tree, amyris agalocha; eaglewood. 4 essence ofVaishnav sect. Chaitanya eradicated many of rose and pandanus odoratissimus flowers. evil customs and relaxed the bonds of the caste 5 seasonal stream formed by water flowing from the hill. system. He remained a preacher till his death at the age of 48. In Bengal many followers of itwtfeo [coa cadan] oil ofeaglewood (L amyris agalocha) and sandalwood. 2 sandalwood oil, Chaitanya arc seen even now. The full name perfume, scent. "eoa eadanu laiE kaparu rup of this great spiritual being was Krishan Chaitanya Dev and due to his fair complexion sigar." sri d m 1. he is also called Gorang. 5 adj conscious, with itfunfr [coIa] Skt dripped. full consciousness. 6 alert; attentive. IDr [cos], Bm [cosy] Skt~ adjworth sucking. ~ [eEty] Skt n temple, palace. 2 abode of 2 n any worthsuckingjuicy thing like mango, gods, temple of a deity. 3 a place where sugarcane, etc. See ~ vr. sacrifices are performed. 4 peepal 1ree. 5 a ffi:rc.I [cohal] dalliance, fun or drollery. tree planted at the extreme boundary (border) etJ'Arfcla [eohasaIub] See t"lM'M'a'. 2 Rohtasl, a village of Jehlum district under thana Deena of a city. 6 monastery of Buddhist monks. is situated about three miles to the west of 7 adj which is related to the funeral pyre. 'ffir [eEtr] Skt n month ofChet; month in which rai tway station. To the north of Rohtas, there Spica star is seen on the full moon night; first is a gurdwara at the foot of the hill by the name month of the lunar calendar. 'This city is the birth place of Mata Sahib Kaur. See -e-'iI'iJ'll [eEtrarath] n a garden planted by a ~.

disciple, learner. "su soblut celak sag nara." -datto "jo guru gope ap:r:ta kIU sIjhahI ceIa?" -BG. 2 follower of some deity, who claims the deity's presence within himself, and on whose behalf gives replies to queries. ~ [ceIIkaL Bm [eeli] feminine of celak. 2 a woman who claims to be possessed by the spirit of some deity or some pir and gives answers to questions on behalf of the deity while rhythmically moving her head and body. 3 disciple. -e- [eEl See tfGf. ~ [eEt] See and ~. ffircit [eEtki] Skt B-3liT 3g n peepa I tree. See

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of Choha Sahib. The Guru, on hearing the prayer of a Sikh named Bhagtu, lifted a stone and started the flow of water. There is a small pool near the source from where pure water always keeps flowing. It is also called Chashma Sahib. A gurdwara has been constructed on the eastern side of the spring, which has an annual grant of Rs. 260 and 27 ghumaons of land from the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Here a festival is held on the 15 th oflight half of the lunar month of Kattak. ;Jor [cok] n prick caused by some pointed object. [cokar] n husk offood grains, residue after slevmg. ;hr [cokh] Skt n agony, envy. "karak sabad asatokh cokh sram hE."-BGK. ;fl:le [cokha1).] Skt B1'l"<Y n act of sucking; suckling. ;hs [cokhat], Bcsr [cokhta] sucking, suckling. See B"cr<!". "than cokhta makhan ghutla."-g5Q namdev. ~ [eokha] Skt~. adjclean, neat, tidy. 2 plenty of. 3 n rice. ~ [cokhi] feminine of Btfr [cokha]' "akhar bIrakh bag bhuI cokhi. "-asa m 1. 'A character, akkhar or sublime'scripture is a grove oftrees, and conscience, is well ploughed land. ;lor [cog], ~ [cogril n feed for birds; grain etc, which birds pick. "jalu pasan cog bIsthari."--bIla m 5. "phatha CUgE nIt cogri. "-maru am 1. ;)orr [coga] See Bar 2 T ;;; a type of lengthy robe, worn in the court. Its transform is also cUGah. In Latin, the noun for the sheet wrapped round the body is called toga. It seems as if the word tfop- [coga] is from this Latin word. W [coc] Dg n bark of a tree. tftr [cae] See1i'tr. t1m [coda] n gesture, playfulness, artfulness.

2 coq'Jctry, elegance, grace. [coj] Skt 7~W"f n excitement of mind. 2 spectacle, miracle. "sabh tere coj vIQa1).a." --sopurakllU. "tIS ka coj sabaIa."-maru solhe m 1. "kan vekhE apI cojaha."-sorm4. 3~, dealing, behaviour. eHf~i:$'al [cojVIQa1).i] adjthaumaturgic; whose miracles leave one wonderstruck. "han dhIavahu cojvIQa1).i he."-maru solhe m 4. ;jtft [coji] adjsensualist; who performs miracles. "han prabhu mera coji jiu."-gau m 4. See Btr. i3tr [coju] See Btr. ;Jc [cot] n injury, wound, assault. See ~ vr. "cot saharE sabad ki."-s kabir. 2 sound produced by beating a large kettle drum with a club. "ra:). eot pari pag dYE na tale hE."-VN. ;}it leoti] n summit; tuft of hair left unshorn on top of the head. 2 knot of hair. 3 high mound, hi llock; top of a temple, tree or tower etc. ffiy [(01).] n selection, picking up, election. W [c01)a] v milk an animal; drip, trickle. "amnt han muklu eoI jiu."-asa ch5t m 4. This word is a transform of CUI1).a: trickle. 2 adj one who picks, one who selects. 3 n a Khatri subcaste of Hindus. Guru Nanak Dev's father-in-law, Baba Mulchand belonged to this subcaste. "bhakhat jEram c01).a got mula nam tih tanuja hE dham so radhave patvaria." -NP. ;fit [co1).i] adj (feminine) picking, sorting out. 2 of Chona subcaste; the name of Mata Sulakhani is mentioned in the sakhis as Mata Choni because of her allegiance to the Chona subcaste. "c(1).i bacan WCIr tav kahe."-NP. ;fit lfl3T [cOl)i mata] See 2. 1lt!" [cod] Skt l.lOlit n a stick with a prod at the end, used to goad a tardy animal. 2 lash, whip. ;rt!7)T [codna] I Skt n persuasion. 2 maxim,

;rtf

'Sanskrit

q"t! [cod] and qt!?)T [codnal have sexual

wnl101atiol1s in Punjabi.

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axiom or sentence that inspires one to perform some action. W [coda] dripping. See Bcr. ~ [cop] n a special dress for women on which embroidery is done. See tn..r. 3 See ~m. ~ [copaQ] Skt cream, skim of mille ~ [copdar] See ~. ~ [copra], B-t.sr [copra] n a Khatri sub caste. 2 adj besmeared, oiled. ;Jt.r.ft [capri] adjsmeared with ghee or oil; oiled. "dekhI parai copri."-s farid. ~ 1.ftf3" [copri pritI] n hypocritical love, fake love. "dar darvesi gakhri capri paritI."-S [arid. ;hr [cob] P "':"'i; n wood. 2 stick, club, mace. 3 tent-pole. 4 drumstick. <"duhri cob nagare pari."--GPS. eatl901 [cobcini]' P JJ,-;~i; a medicine, comprising the root of a creeper, so named because it grows in China. It is hot and damp in nature. It is specially used for cming joint pain and for purifying blood. L Smilax China. ~ [cobdar] n mace bearer; policeman, who carries a baton with him. Macers remain present at the court of rajas and walk ahead of them. ;hrr [coba] adjwhich has a stick or pole, as "do coba khema ar becoba tabu". 2 See Bw. ;3'lit [cobi] adj who carries a stick. 2 n a drummer, appointed to beat a large kettle drum. "cobi dhaus bajai."-c5c;fi 3. 'tl1if [cobi] with pricks. tl!f [cobh] n feel of a prick act of pricking by some pointed thing. 2 shooting pain, piercing pain. "ajE su cobh kau bIlal lnl-late." -ram kabir. 3 jealousy, spite, envy. "na lobha na cobha."-akal. [cobhak] adj who pricks. ~ [cobhDa] v prick, thrust a pointed thing. W [cor] Skt n one who steals; thief, pilferer;

smuggler. See ~ vr. "asakh corharamkhor." -japu. See ihr. 2 Skt B1if theft, robbery; act of stealing. "karI dusti cor curaIa."-gau m 4. 3 in the 12 th Charitar of Dasam Granth, the scribe has used ~ [cor] for CJL ffiret [corai] n hiding, disapearance, conct~alment, theft. "tIsu pasahu man kIa coraI hE."-g5c;f m. 4. 2 steals. ~ [corghoria] n disguised spy who rides a horse at night to bring tidings of the enemy. "corghoria muhue toryo."-PPP. edeol'd [corcakar] See ~ and Wor'. [carta], ~ [corti] adjone who goes about looking for stealing; a male or female thief. "kabir maIa corti."-s. ~ [cortap] fever which shoots up at night, but comes down during the daytime. ~ [corpahua] watchman appointed to keep vigilance on thieves at nighttime; watchmanship at nighttime. ;3'Qrfu [coraI] adv having stolen. "dhanu cora I aDI muhI paIa."-var sar m 4. -e-at [cari] n thief's work; theft. "karI cori mE ja kIChu lia."---gau m 1. Be? [col] Skt n long robe, dress. 2 body, mortal frame. "Ihi at ko col."-GPS. 3 armour. 4 a territory with its capital named Kanchi! situated between rivers Krishna and Kaveri, on the Karomandal coast. 5 resident ofCho!. ~ [colDa], Bc?or [colna], ~ [colra], B-w [cola] See ~ 1 and 2. "guD-nIdhanu pragatIO Ih colE."-kan m 5. "lal co1na tE tanI sohIa." -asCI m 5. "bhaIa puraDa cola."-sri m 1. "merE k5tu na bhaVE colra."-tr15g m 1. 'Apparel of heresy is not to be cherished.' el")tHtfclij [colasahIb] a long robe worn by the Guru. The robe that has the honour to have a touch ofthe Guru's body. tIn Sanskrit books it is also called draVIr See~,

-e-acr

adI kh5Q. a 9.

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The famous robes are: (a) Guru Nanak Dev's robe in Dera Baba Nanak in Bedi Kabulimall's house, on which the verses of the holy Koran in praise ofAllah .are embroidered. In Sikh history it is mentioned that this robe was offered to the Guru by the ruler ofBaghdad.IBhagwan Singh, the priest ofChola Sahib, tells that Guru Nanak got this robe in an Arabian country which he gave to some devotee. Bedi Kabulimall, on getting an inkling in his dream, himselfwent to that Arab country and brought this sacred robe. Actually this robe was presented by some devotee in Arabia, Persia or Egypt. The omniscient Guru, knowing Sanskrit and Arabic in equal measure, accepted this robe in deference to the feeling of the devotee. This , robe is shown to the congregation on 21-2223 Phaggan. (b) Guru Gobind Singh's robe is displayed in a Brahman's house located in Thakurdwara street in Amritsar. See ~ faT 19. (c) Another robe of Guru Gobind Singh is lying in Sirepau Sahib Gurdwara ofRajbhawan of Nabha state. The Guru gave this robe to Baba Tilok Singh and Ram Singh along with his hukamnama (mandatory edict). See ('jT'T and f3c%cx fFfur. ~ [coli] short robe. See Bc? 2 body and mind. "kam krodh ki kaci coli." -maru solhe m 1. "harrprem bhfni coliE."-dev m 4. ~ [colipath], ~ [colimarag] a sect holding to the tantric mode of worship. While sitting in the place of worship, its members use alcohol, meat etc. The blouses of women present at that place arc taken off and put in an earthen pot. With the permission of the priest, his chief disciple puts his hand in that
lWhen Guru Nanak Dev visited Baghdad. the ruler of Baghdad was Ismael Saphvi. Sec BCJTtlTi!.

pot and takes out a blouse. Likewise, others follow suit and whoever gets the blouse of whichever woman cohabits with her on that occasIOn. ~ [cole] within the robe. 2 In the flap of a shirt (spread to receive something). "sadhan sdbh rus colE."-tukha barahmalla. IDr' [calha] a village under police station Sarhali in Amritsar district, which is eight miles to the south east of Patti railway station. Its earlier name was Bhaini. Here is situated a gurdwara of the fifth Guru. A woman brought delicious gravy as food [calha] for the Guru. In its context, the Guru recited the hymn: "h;=JrI nam bhojun Ihu nanak kino colha."-dhana m 5. Due to this the name of the village became famous as Cholha. From the time of Mughal empirc the village is the estate of the this gurdwara. There is a beautifully constructed congregation hall. In this village there is also a place name after Mata Ganga. When the Guru stayed at Cholha Sahib for a long time, she also came to live here. 2 dainty dish, delicious food. [covatl trickles, drips. See~. [covan] v trickle, dribble. "covat jat jdvan te vara."--carItr 394. ~ [covnaj See ~ and m. B- [0] See trlI. IDrcs" [c;)sathj See ~. B-RO aw [c;)s<lth bla] See aw. 2 sixty-four types of arts (~: ~ 'fi(11) mentioned in Shukarniti are as follows; art of dance with bodily gestures, art of playing harmoniums (musical instruments), art ofdecorating clothes and ornaments, skill ofacquiring various forms, making string offlowers, gambling, knowledge of erotic postures, preparing wine etc, knowledge of curing wounds of nerves or art of neurology, preparation ofvarious food juices,

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-emr

played with an oblong dice; opal'. 3 adjhaving knowledge of planting and nurturing-trees, four' strings, four strands. "camkat cJsar hal' melting metals and solidifying them, making udaru."-GPS. jaggery etc., preparing medicine from metals, separating metals from their alloys, making mIT [cJsi]' See Bf:h:ft'. alloys (of metals), constwcting buildings, using 'ffi:rc [cJh.::Jt] See ~ and ~. weapons, wrestling, throwing of weapons like ffiJcr [ohta] See ~. missiles, arrows and javelins etc, constructing ~ [cJhattar] See ~. a military fort, deploying elephants, horses etc ;3'~ [ohaD], B"tJ17l [cJhan] a subcaste of in a battlefield, worship of a deity. training Rajputs thought to have descended from Agni horses and elephants to move in a particular dynasty. There is a famous story that in order way. creating clay articles,. making wooden to destroy the demons, the ascetics performed things, forming stone objects, making metallic oblation on Arbud (Abu) mountain. Four things, acquiring knowledge of mines, majestic persons emerged from the fire pit, constructing ponds and wells with steps leading whose names were: PramaI', Chauhan, Solanki and Parihar. From them four Rajput dynasties down to the water level etc, Greating secondary colours by combining primary ones, curing came into being which are the leading diseases with the synthesis of water, air and dynasties of Raj putana. There is a proverb that fire, making boats, twinning rope, weaving Chauhan had four limbs. The most glorious cloth, assessing jewels. acquiring knowledge Prithiraj was the pride of this dynasty. See ofreal and atiificialmetals, making ornaments, ~3". "malldD has cJhaD cItari."-BG. making different types of pastes, doi ng animal Bq [cJk] n ~: -&~ quardrangle, courtyard. husbandry, milking, sewing cloth, swimming, 2 place in the bazaar where four streets meet. cleaning utensils, washing clothes, dressing hair, 3 four cornered instrument designed for the massaging, extracting oil. preserving fi'uits etc, worship of planets and gods. 4 daze; a sudden climbing a tree, using nutritious products, start. "cJk pari tab hi Ih y5 jIm CJk pan: tam me making baskets from bamboo and mulberry etc, Gar khvabi."-krIsan. making glass utensils, irrigating land. purifying B-'cx [cSk] See ~. 2 See ~. water, making weapons, drawing conclusions :8om [cJkas] adjtightened from four sides; alert, ofgood or evil from ominous animal behaviour, careful, vigilant. 2 ~vigilant, watchful. raising children. imparting education. playing B"~ [cJksai], Bam [cJksi] n alertness, with children, teaching the art of calligraphy, carefulness, smartness. getting know ledge of imparting punishment to ~ [cSkDa] get startled. 2 wake up abruptly. the ~riminal, taking care of betel leaves and BoraT [cJkri] See ~. "jugan ki cJkri phnae making cigarettes etc. See ~ ID:re-. i plnrat hE."--akal. Wro ur.ft [c)sath ghori] Sec BWro ur;it. ~ [c)k<Jr], ~ l:fm37iT [cJkar kharacna] See Wro ffiJIit [cJsath jogDi] See ~. ~ and ~ l:fm37iT. Wro ~ [cJsath vIdya] Sec CffiT. B"RO CffiT Becit [cJkri] See ~. and ~"F.!"a"t. Bw [oka] See~. [cJsar], Bwo [cJsar] n four stringed garland Bcro [cJkath] See ~. or necklace. 2 a game like blackgammon Boft [cJki] See ~.

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1212 ~ [c::>kidar] n one who keeps watch all around; watchman. tiOl1e i a9 [c::>kidari] n protection, keeping watch. 2 watchman's wage or pay. tietl!!ldal [c::>kibharDi] v be in attendance as a guard at some body's door. 2 go to a shrine of some Muslim pir, sleep there on the t100r and keep vigil throughout the night and sing hymns. -e1jGl' [c::>khuta] ilg/io<e adj identical from four corners. 2 n something like a four-cornered cloth etc. [c::>khan], ~ [c::>khaniEJ, ~ ~ [c::>khani vaj1Da] See ~ and ~ ~ . ~ [c::>gaD] See ~. ~ [c::>gatta] See i30i'3T. 2 a subcaste of Mughals ofAmritsar district. 3 a Jatt subcaste in Multan. ho [c::>gan] P ~(~ n playing with cloth-ball and sticks. 2 stick with which this game is played. 3 playing ground. 4 drum beating. iQrcy [c::>guD] See ~. [c::>ghar], Bus- [c::>ghar] See ~. \1tJ' [c::>c] See 'lnB". 2 snout, human face; (derogatory) ugly face. "kukar jya c::>c kac;lh caki catbe ko jaI."-BGK. ~ [c::>coba] adj having four sticks. "c::>coba gnh vastra banayo."-cdrrtr 74. 'a tent having four poles.' [cJChatta] adj having four roofs; a four storeyed hou.se. [c::>jhar] See ~. ri. [c::>Da] See ~ and ~. 'ffi!t [c::>Dij adj four times. "dUDi C::>Di bramat." -var ram 3. ~ [c::>tra] See ~. tidd'fiifua [c::>trasalnb] n platform made for the Guru to sit. 2 particularly the platform of the sixth Guru in village Malha (Patiala state, district Bhatinda) which is seven miles to the east ofJaito railway station. Guru I-Iargobind stayed here for three days and liberated a female snake. 180 ghumaons of land is attached to the gurdwara. Baisakhi fair is held here. ~ m [c::>tra ji] See B"'3" m. ifa'r [c::>ta] See ~. ~ [c::>tal] See i3"'"d" ~. ~ [c::>ta1i], ~ [c::>talis] forty-four. ~ [c~ti] See ~. ~ [c::>ti-akkhar], ~ [c::>tisakkhar] See ~ nfcfa". ~ [c::>luka] See ~. B"'3" [c5te ji]1 Guru Har Rai's gurdwara is famous by the name ofChaunte ji. It is situated four furlongs to the north ofBumboli village of Kapurthala state and police station Phagwara, about 100 ghumaons of land is attached to it. A great festival is held here on the Baisakhi day. It is seven miles to the north ofPhagwara railway station. ~ [oth] See mItr. 2 act of chewing, crushing. "ekallI ghaI c::>th SIr c;larL"-cdrrtr 52.3 onefourth part; in ancient times the head of a group of villages was allowed by the emperor onefourth reduction in the revenue collected by him, enabling him, in return, to keep some army under him for maintaining peace. This exemption was called c::>th and the freeholder (the head) was called c::>thdar. ~ [c::>lhdar] See ~ 3. [c::>tha] See~. -e-~ [c::>thaia] See B-EfTW. 2 sharecropper who was allowed to take one fourth share of the yield. ~ [c::>thapad] See ~. ffipw [c::>thayaj orBifw~ [c::>thya tap] fever that recurs every fourth day. "sukha jvar teia cJthaya.'-car~tr 405. See 31lf (e).

ro

mr

mr-

iRHrC)ddS],~[c::>dasI]See~and~.
[Its root is cStra: ;:ft [ji] is honorific.

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[CJdah] See ~. B-et~Oi [c:Jdil 10k] seven skies and seven nether worlds i.e. bhuah, bhuvah, svah, mahah, jamh, :cJTeij' [c:Jdah da cadar] the mutiny that took place during Sammat 1914 (1857 AD).l tapah, and saty. atal, sutal, VItal, gabhstImat This mutiny of the so ld iers was the result of (t;)lat;)l), mahatal, rasatal, and pata!. According many political and religious reasons. First of to Sidhan t Siromani~a book ofastrology-these fourteen worlds exist on this earth itself. all, some disturbance took place in the Bengal and Bombay armies. On 10 lh of May, the W ~ [c:Jdil vIdya] See ~ fue"jjT. Meerut regiment got disorderly and the sepoys ifq [cSdh] n glare, light. 2 piercing light, blazing of regiment No. 34 murdered a British officer. light. This disturbance spread like fire in the whole iftloT [c5dhna] v shine, glow. "cSdhIt car dI$a of India. Many English people including bhai."--paras. 'The four directions got lit or illumined. ' children and women were killed. The rebellious army and people of the countryside accepted -e-mr [c:Jdhar] n headmanship; post ofa village n5bardar. "cJdharkarahI banaI."~CarItr40. the Delhi emperor Bahadurshah as their master and they made Delhi the base for warfare. ~ [CJdhrani] wife of a village headman. The emperor was imprisoned and his sons were B-mft [cJdhri] See ~. 2 Guru Arjan Dev's loving devotee from Suri subcaste, who killed. attained self-enlightenment and became a In this upheaval, the kings of Phulkian states and all rajas of other states of Punjab famous philanthropist. and Sikh chiefs and Sikhs living in the irrit [cSdhi] n flash of light. 2 closing of eyes due to dazzling light. 3 optical illusion. 4 mirage. countryside rendered great help to the British government. In the conquesl of Delhi, the Sikh ;3il ~ 0lt!"Q [c:Jdhe da gadar] See B-e-cr t!" :areQ. maharajas and the people in general played a ih.r [C:Jp] , B'tr [cSp] n longing for joy, cheerfulness, great role. On 1Olh November 1858, this mutiny high spirits. 2 hobby. was put down. This event took place during ihrel [c:Jpai] ~ a poetic form, employing the reign of Lord Canning, the Governor matnk metre. It comprises four lines, each line having fifteen matras. The first pause is General. ~ [c:Jdah bh;)v~m] See FJT3lIfTO(TFf and W3" at the eighth matra, next at the fifteenth thereafter and the ending is with guru laghu; it l8"'r), as well as Bt+ ~Oi. 'ffi:u 030 [c:Jdah r;)tm] See Q3?l. is also named jaykari. 'ffi:u ~ [c:Jdah 10k] See Bt~ ~or. Example: SU!).IE isaru b;:Hma f du, 'ffi:u ~ [c:Jdah vIdya] See ~ fueJrr. [c:JdahI] See ~. SUD-If: mukhI salahaD- madu, W [c:Jda] See ~. SUD-IE jog jugatI tan bhed, B-et [c:Jdil] See ~. SU!).IE sasat sfmrItI ved.--japu. B-et ~ 1[3T ~ ~ -e- [c:Jdil gm). $rota ate (b)If this metre has a jaga!). at the end, it is vakta de] See Bor -e- Cl]<f and ~ -e- Cl]<f. known as gupal and bhujagIn.i. B-et 030 [c:Jdil rat;)111 See 030. Example: SUD-IE salu satokhu gIanu, 'It is called the Mutiny of 57 according to the year ofthe SUD-IE athsathI ka Isnanu, Christian era.
~ t!"

mmr

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sUl).Ii' PclP PdP pavdln ma11u, sul).Ii' lagE sahajI dhIanu.-jClpU. (c)If this metre has sixteen matras per line with a guru at the end, it is called rupc:Jpai. In thi~ metre, a jClgal;t or a ragdl). are not permitted at the end. Example: jatI patI jIh cIhan na barna, abIgClt dey achE anbhClrma, sClb ko kal sabllIn ko karta, rag sag dokhCln ko hClrta.-akal. (d) If a c:Jpai has sixtcen matras, the last two matras being guru, it is called :;;akhIni. Many believe that this CJpvi must have a YClgCll;t at the end as in the following illustrations: nEnahu dekhu sadhdarsen:, so pavE jIsu lIkhatu hlerE, sevClU sadhs5t CClrnerE, bachau dhun pdvItr kClrerE.-kan In 5. tat mat jIh jat nCl pata, ek r5g kahu ndllI rata, sClrab jotI ke bic samana, SClb ha sClrabth:Jr pdlucana.-akal. 2 It is given this namc because of its particular poetic form, which comprises c:JpCli metre. In 405 th cantr of Dasam Granth, there is the description of a battle that took place between king Satay Sandh and demon Deeraghdarh during the True Era. A woman named Dulahdei emerged out ofa flame which arose from the intense strokes resulting from their weapon. Dulahdci pleased goddess Durga by performing severe austerities as she could not get a desired husband. The goddess was immensely pleased and gave her the blessing thatAkal (timeless) would marry her. Akal told Dulahdei in her dream that she could be his consort, if she killed demon Svasviray in a battle. On this, Dulahdei fought fiercely against Svasviray. When she got tired after a long

fight, she meditated on Mahakal. In order to help Dulahdei, Mahakal came into the battlefield and fought a dreadful combat. Dulahdei and Akal destroyed the army of Svasviray. "pun rachas l ka kata sisa". At the end of this rhetorical description, there is a prayer (request) under the heading. "kaVI uvaCI benti c:JpCli," which starts with "hvmri kClro hath dE raccha." Devout Sikhs recite the text of c:JpCli in the evening prayer (rahIras) everyday. This holy poetic composition ends with a line of great spiritual significance: "dukh darCld bh:J nIkClt nCl tIn nClr ke rClhE, hal jo yaki Ikbar CJpCli ko bhr." ~ [CJpsClr] n bud ofa fragrant tree, michelia champacca; a special ornament for women. ihn:r" [c:JpClkha] adjfour-cornered, having four facets. 2 n four-stringed necklace. 3 fourcornered house. 4 roof with three beams or girders between the two walls, making four divisions of the roof. ~ [c:Jpat] See~. ~ [c:JpCld] See ~. 2 a particular poetic metre having four lines. Each line has 24 matras, pauses at the 11 th and then at the 13 th matra thereafter with two guru matras at the end. See ~ BT ~ 4. ~ [CJpadal See ~. ihf6" [c:Jpdr] See BillS". 2 forehead, fayade. "caru cIkur C:JpClr camkayo."-GPs. B-1.fa<lTfT [c::JparbajJ n chess player. "c:JpClrbaj toln tClb jano."-c;;Jrrtr 97. B-ts- [c:Jpar] See ~. ~ [c::Jpai] See ~ and B"tret. Wfi:fur [c::Jpasfgh] This noble person was a babysitter of Guru Gobind Singh and devout Sikh. He wrote a code of conduct, later on largely misinterpreted by ignorant Sikhs. See
'svasvirvy demon.

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~tiTqwl0.

~ [c)paya] SkI ~ n quadruped; cow;

buffalo, deer etc. B-tl';'f [C)par] a house that has four doors. 2 common meeting place of the village; assembly point for the people of a village. ~ [cJpEya] See ~. 2 See Bl.fTW. ~ [cJpher] adv in all directions, on all the four sides, all around. ~ [cJbata] n a place where four roads meet; crossroads. "cor cahiE carayo suri CJbata me." -BGK. ~ [cJbersi] n act of feasting Brahmans on the fourth death anniversary for the benefit of the departed soul; act of giving feast to the Brahmans four years after the death of a person. ;lw [cJba] Skt ~:;f-,,~ ildj who has knowledge of four Veds. 2 n a subcaste of Brahmans. 3 Brahman priest cum teacher (p3da)1 at holy places like Mathura etc. ~ [cJbara] See ~. ea'ijlR,Fd8 [cJbarasahIb] Sec }f7)FJC[Yo. 2 Sec
dlfe~'M ~

4. tJflpw [cJbare c;:Jrlna] xa deaf: hard of

hearing. B-fim [cJbIS],

B-mJ:r [cJbis]

twcnty-f~)ur.

B-m

~ [cJbis ;:Jvlar] Twenty four

incarnations as mentioned in Purans arc: macch, kacchap. varah,mohIlli, nrIsfh, par$uram, ramc5dra, krI~?an. balralTI, va man, buddh, narad, rI$abhdcv, kapIl, vyas, h5s, prIthu, dattatrey, nar, narayal), h;:Jygriv, vEvasvatmanu, dhanvaln and kalki. From a preface written at the beginning of the anecdotes of 24 avtars (incarnations) mentioned in Dasam Granth, we learn of the
IThe root of no. 2 and no. 3 is also cvturvcdi. In ancient times Brahman priests of holy places used offour Veds.
1.0

be scholars

intention ofthe author, which is: "ab CJbIS ucro ;:Jvtara, jIhf bIdhI tIn ka Iakha akhara... jub jab hot arI$t ;:Jpara, L::lb tab deh dhar;:Jt ;:Jvtara. kal sabhIn ka pekh t;:Jma$a, 5tahI kal kar;:Jt hE na$a ... jo CJbIS avtar kahae, tIn bhi tum prabhu! tanIk na pae... br;:JhmadIk s;:Jbh hi pac-hare, bIs;:Jnu mahesur kavan bIcare? c3d sur jIn k;:Jre bIcara, t5 tc janIyat hE kartara. ekpurakh jIn nEk pachana, tIn hi paramtatva k;:Jhf jana."... [cJbih] See B-mJ:r. tiitw [cJbolaJ See~. IDfrw [cJrnasa] See ~. ~ [cllnukhl, ~ [cJmukha] See Bfurf. "bar cJrnukhe ta mahf dipa."-NP. ihr [cJr] n thiei~ one who steals other's things. 2 Sec tfT}-IQ. 3 SkI rice, set of bangles, coronet. "gUE CJr car5."~ramav. 4 A hill mound in Nahan state, 11,922 feet high, is famous by this name. ihm [cJras] Skt ~2 adj identical from all the four sidcs; four-cornered. ihrr [cJra] adjhaving beard like a whisk. 2 also been used for CJra. 3 assembly point in a village. 4 god's house, a temple. 5 a bullock with grey tail; from this derives the derogatory usc of ora inr a man having grey beard. ffi:rFft [cJrasi] See ~. ihJrm fTFI(') [cJrasi asan] The yogis have selected 84 postures from those of animals and birds, which arc to be practised by the followers of a$tagyog. From the names of the postures, the reader can understand their forms, i.e.-sfhCls~m, hasasan, kurmas;:Jn, mac;l.ukas;:Jn

mmr

~Sanskri(

cvtur;)sr is also correct.

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etc. See}){l'R(!. 2 In Ratishastar (Kok) are also mentioned 84 erotic postures. ;}'ij"I'Jft [c)rasi sIddh] the most revered yogis among the Gorakhpanthis, who number eighty fouL l They are: uramI, asunath, asurvInasi, anhadt;>abdi, abInasi, amarnIliln, amrItbhogi, an~drupi, apsvarupi, ::Jghar, it;>var, ekr~gi, ekagi, ekatvasi, samarat, sarasvati, sagor, sIddhsen, t;>ital, suratI-sIddh, t;>5kar, sabhalka, t;>abhu, svarsIddh, hanipha, harat;>nIdhI, kanak, kanipha, kamalsn, karamnasi, kalavIlasi, kalet;>nasi, kaledra, kelIkaran, kevalkarmi, krIt;>an kumar, khdldknIdlu, khfthdf, gaganvasi, gIrIdhar, gIrIbodh, guphabasi, gopal, govardhdn, ghdnanadi, cdturbn, calnIdhI, jalak, jog-anupi, jotImagan, jotIldgdn, jhagar, tapan, tar~gi, durt;>anjotI, dukkhnasi, dhuram, l1ItyasIddh, nIrdt, parvat, palaknIdln, pulasbhogi, puran, pral).nath, bIh~gdmjogi, bfbsar, bImdljotI, braham, brahambhogi, bruhumyogi, bhartharI, bhutnath, bh~gar, mdhayogi, magandhar, muktet;>var, mulm~tri, yognIdln, ramsIddh, r~gnath, loharipa, l5gar, vIt;>nupatI and VIcItrkarmi. ~ ~ ~ [c::Jrasi bkkh jivJ, ~ ECf ~ [c::Jrasi lakkh yonI] Ancient scholars of Hindu religion believe in 84 lac species ofinanimate and animate beings. Out of these, nine lac are aquatic living beings, ten lac are birds which fly in the sky, twenty lac are static or immovable trees etc, eleven lac are beings of crawling type like snakes, insects etc, thirty lac are those having four feet and four lac are human species among which monkeys,

mtr

chimpanzees etc. are included. 2 The Jains classify 84 lacs species as fellows: Seven lac on the earth, 7 lac in the water, 7 lac in the air, 7 lac in the fire, 10 lac in the roots (like carrot, radish etc.) 14 lac in the shrub trees etc., 2 lac are having two senses, skin and mouth, 2 lac having three senses, skin, mouth and eyes, 2 lacs having four senses, skin, mouth, nose and eyes, 4 lac gods live in heaven, 4 lac beings live in hell, 14 lac are human beings, who are one-legged and twolegged, 4 lac are quadrupeds. ~ [c::Jrag] adj four-coloured, c::Jr~ga. 2 cut into four segments (pieces). 3 n an assault with a sword; while sitting in virasan posture, striking with sword on the neck of a grazing male goat so that its neck, both forelegs and right hind leg, get amputated. 4 See ~ 3. [c::Jrl See ~. 2 Skt ~ elevated place, high place. ;l;p- [cJfa], B;ft [Ofi] adjwide; spread breadthwIse. ~ [c::Jfotri] a subcaste of Khatris. "ketfIa ofotri." EG. ~ [c5ur] See tJT)-f"O. "s~t c~ur q.hulavau." -suhi

mr

1115.

tfar [c5gJ n large paper kite; tukkal. "mE nahI tilln c;)q.haIv c~g."-GPS. 2 adj good. See tfar tf<JTi)T. 3 Skt ~ knowledgeable, knower. 4 a
trident-shaped, stringed, musical instrument played with the help of a plectrum. 5 P violin. 6 claw, a grip by a man or a lion with five fingers. tfar tforor [c~g c~gna] adj the best, excellent. "glJrm~)ti harI cag cagna."-var kan 111 4. 2 great scholar. See tfar 3. ~ [c5gfa], tfor;ft [c~gfi], ~ [c~gfia] adj

..4

lIn many scriptures there are many different names. Actually all the names are not correct. If the sIddh names were not imaginary. then there would not have any mutual contradiction.

'Many scriptures mention that there are in42 lae aquatic and 42 lac land species.

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1217 good, superb. "deh su k;'lc;m c;'lgria.,"-vaQ ill 4 -carItr 142. trtl1'5' [c;:ical] adj transitory; which is not ghoria. tfaTr [c;'lga] adj remarkable, excellent, superb. permanent. See tfB' vr. "c~cal supne hi S tli. "so mukat nanak jIsu satIguru c;'lga." urjhaIo."-dev ill 5. 2 down with a sexual -kan ill 5. 2 healthy, strong. 3 n a devotee of disease. "cacal cit na rahIi thaI."-oJkar. 3 n Behal subcaste who became a follower of wind, air. Poets have mentioned the following objects as capricious by nature: ears of an Guru Arjan Dev and got self-enlightenment. tr'ilJT ~ [c;:iga bhatra] a devotee of Guru elephant; horse, wind, monkey, child, lightning, black bee, mind, wagtail, and a harlot's eyes. Nanak Dev named Changa belonging to the dynasty of Madhav Bhatra, and a resident of tltlMtfla [c;:icalcit] adj fickle-minded. 2: n large flower-sucking black bee. "lakh ghati UC;) Ceylon. He started religious preaching by ghana c;:ica1cit bIha!. nic kic nImnt ghani constructing a gurdwara at Madhav's kdrni kama1 jama!."-caum 5. 'The large black residence. In Bhai Banno's manuscript, bee, flying over lacs of mountain valleys, gets "hakikat rah mukam $IvnabhI raje ki" refers to him. enamoured ofthe humility and excellence of ~ [c;'lgIai] n goodness, benevolence, the lotus flower growing in the dirty mud.' virtue. "c;:igIai a1aku kare burIai hUI seru." tr~'ij' [cacalcor] n desire, without body. -var guj 2 ill 5. "harIha, cacalcorahI mar."-phun)le ill 5. 2 mind, conscience. ~ [c;'lgIara] n ember" spark of burning wood or coal. ~ [c;:icalta] n pertness, transitoriness. ~ [c;:igull P claw. 2 car-agu1, four fingers. tr'tI'W [c;:ielal vocative of caca!. he! "e man! c5ela!"-~mJdu. 2 Skt n Lakshmi; illusion. tf<ilt.r [c;:igez] T adj very big. tfatt.rW [c;'lgezxa] T dl,;fi son ofYesuki Khan 3 lightning. 4 wanton woman. 5 a poetic metre named variously as cItr, bnaj and brahamofMughal dynasty emperor ofTatar, who was born in 1154 and died in 1227 AD. His capital rupak. characterised by four lines, each line was Karakuram. See ~1J:I+. having a sequence of 16 characters in guru~ [c;:iger] Skt -q~~JIRCfi n big and wide basket. laghu order that is, SIS, 151, SIS, 151, SIS, I order. "asan c;:iger sis par dharkE." -~NP. Example: tfli't6r [c;'lgera] adj good, excellent. "h;~rI VISrIa marbe ku tahI tak dha I bir savdhan, hanlag yuddh ke jaM taha sabh bldhan, purakh cagera."-toc;Ii m 4. See B'oT' 3. bhim bh,}t dhaIke nI$ak ghaI kart aI, tftr [cac] Skt ~ vr go, jump, move" tftr6t [c;:icri] n a surah cow, from whose tail a jujh jujhkE pari" su devlok bast jar. -kalki. whisk is made. 2 Skt ~ru, large flowersucking black bee. 3 a poetic metre. See See fimrtr tr pp'~. tftI'fg [c;:icaII] playful woman, wanton woman. ~. ~ [c;'lcria] See ~. "cacal anIk bhav dIkhavae."-bIla chat ill 5. ~ [cacrik], tl'mflz [c;:icrit] Skt ~fTCfi n large tfmft [cadil See tf-ti"fu. 2 n See ~. [c;'lcalIkaJ, ~ [c;'lcalillightning. See flower-sucking black bee. "seve hIt 1ai c;:icrik tftm"r. 3 "kI c;'lcaIIka chE."-datt. "ghal) majhe jya 1ubhai ur jam: gatIdai e caran ja1jat hE." jese c;'lcali. "-datt. -NP. "c;'lcrit chabI her bhae ab 1agi' dIvane."

J?.

fi

wmw

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Brahman woman. See ~ f'Rfi:rF::r;;: 8. [c;'}qalni], ~ (caqaII], ~ [caqali] wife of a caqal. tree. 3 temperature, heat. 4 servant of Yam, ~ [c;'}qalia] See J~fEMI. 2 a subcaste of god of death. 5 a courtier of Vishnu. 6 a Khatris. "pera jatI caqalia."-BG. monkey in the army of Ram Chandar. tffu'w [c;'}qIka],;:fit [caqi] adjwrathful woman, 7 younger brother of Mund, commander of querulous woman. 2 n Durga, killer ofdemon Shumbh, the demon, after whose murder by caq. "karak uthi raD caqi ph:>ja dekhkE. "-cJQi Durga, she came to be known as Chandi and 3. 3 goddess Kali. 4 xa fire. 5 a devotee of Chandika. "muq ko muq utardayo ab c;'}q ko Guru Arjan Dev who rendered great service hathlagavat c;'}qi."-cJQi 1. 8 state of trance in buildingAmritsar. caused by yogic exercise. "chuti c;'}q jage trnl>w [caqia] a devotee of Guru Arjan Dev braham."-cJQi 1. 9 short for 'cJqIka'. belonging to the Ohir subcaste. 2 a subcaste "nIrakh rup bar caq ko gIryo murcha khae." of latts and Baluches. -cJQi 1. 10 adj sharp, fast. 11 hot. "ab suraj ki tim tft ~ [c;'}qi di var] a Punjabi poem c5q bran bhi."-GPS. 12 furious, angry. appearing in Dasam Granth, after the two 13 intense, frightening, dreadful. "caq kop kE Chandi Charitars, written in ballad form, c;'}qIka e ayudh karlin."-cJQi 1.14 S n moon. depicting the story of Durga's warfare. It is also called "bhag:>ti ki var". ~ [caqaia] adj who has evil inclination; wanton in nature. "caqal caqaia."-bI1a am 4. tITittfTo [caqipath] a collection ofseven hundred ~ [caqkar] See ~. hymns from Markandey Puran, named ~ [caqDa] v beat into sharpen. 2 warn. Ourgapath, and Ourgasaptshati comprising the 'ffiraw [caqrasa] See n-roror. story and significance of the merits of the J$irew [caqaIla] a Rajput subcaste. Colonel goddess. See FI3'"Fl<!T. Todd has written that from Jamuna to Narmada JJl~ltJ(') [caqivahan] vehicle of c;'}qi (Durga), Chandayals ruled during the twelfth century the lion. AD. ~ [c:5qu] a narcotic derived from opium which thrr8t [c;'}qai] n act of sharpening. 2 wages for like tobacco is used for smoking. It is also called madak. It enfeebles the muscles of the heart getting anything sharpened. 3 brutality, cruelty, and the brain'. atrocity. ~ [c;'}qa;;u] Skt n having caq (sharp), a;;u tfvr [c5c;lur] Skt tJT0f, a famous wrestler of (rays); the sun. Kans, who was killed in the arena by Krishan. tfara' [caqar], ~ [cac;larni], ~ [cac;l.ari] "c5dur k:5s kesu maraha."-sor m 4. See l.::fFlC. See ~ and ~. "kam krodh caqar."--mala tfiM' [c:5qol] n a small dust-coloured bird which, m 1. "basaI sarir karodh c;'}qara." -suhi m 5. while sitting on the ground in the morning, sings ~ [c;'}qal] Skt ~ n one having wanton sweetly and mimics the sounds of various birds. It is different from agan. It has a hairy, propensities; a person who earns his livelihood comb-like cap on its head. It-is a native of through vulgar means oflivelihood. 2 sweeper Punjab. It builds its nest in the grass on the from a low caste. 3 per Hindu scriptures, child ground, and feeds on grains and insects. Lark. of a low caste man, born from the womb of a

~ [c;'}cu] Skt ~ n bealc 2 castor oil plant.

3 adjfamous, popular. tnr [c;'}q] Skt ~ vr get angry. 2 n tamarind

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Some people call it hdjardastL'i. See (Ji'~. 2 Skt ~ swing, merry-go-round. 3 a kind of covered sedan chair. "Eyhu ap c;)qol carhEkE."-carItr 112. 4 four-sedane(:I merrygo-round, for people to sit upon. tit! [cad] Skt o/C\ vr shine, be happy. 2 Skt ~ n moon. "cad dekhI bIgasahI kaular." -pasJt m 5. 3 indicative of' one'; because the moon is regarded as one only. "cad aganI ras mdhi gIn bhad6 puranmas."l-GPS. That is to say, 1631. 4 Ira, the left of the three vessels running from the loins to the head. "cad sat bhedIa."-maru jEdev. See ti'~ 2. 5 soul. "cadu gupatu gEI).arI."-brla thrti m 1. 'The soul inheres the final stage.' 6 a cellebrated poet in the court of Prithvi Raj of Chauhan dynasty, and the king of Delhi. He wrote the history of the said Rajput dynasty in a book named Prithvi Raj Raso, having 69 chapters. 7 a poet, goldsmith by profession who translated Udyog Parv of the Mahabharat. 8 P ~ adj a few. "cad raj G.Jlna kIChu pdkro karar. "-nasihat. 9 how much; to what extent. ~ [cadsat] See tk 4 and H3". There is a hymn by Jaidev, in HT2 [mam] musical measure which reads: 1 cadsat bhedIa nadsat pUrIa sursat khorsa datu kia. 2 abdl balu topa aCdl calu thapICi aghdru ghdpa taha apIu pia. 3 mdn-adI gUI).-adI vdkhm:ua. 4 teri dubIdhadrISdtI samanIa. 5 aradhI k:m drdhIa sdrddllI kdU sardhIa saldl kau saldlI SamanI aIa. 6 bdddtI jEdeu iEdev kdU r;3mIa brahamu nIrbal).u IIvlil).U paId. This hymn means: 1 Inhaled lifeforce through vessd on the left by chanting the mystical syllable, then
lead (1), aganI (3), ras (6). m0hi( 1).

---_._----

exhaled it by uttering om sixteen times through vessel on the right. 2 Battered the bodily strength, enfeebled it, put the restless mind to rest, brought the incorrigible mind to the right path and drank amrit. 3 Sang the praise of the Creator, one: with the origin and qualities of conscience. 4 Thus the deep-ingrained duality vanished away to give place to oneness. 5 Worshipped the One who is worth worshipping, venerated who is venerable, thereby the drop merged into the water. 6 Says, Jaidev, when I chanted the name of the omnipotent, then into the redeeming Brahma, took place my merger. tk ~ [cad suraj] 'Ira' and 'pfgla' the left and right vessels running from the loins to the head. "cad suraj ki pae gaqln."-var ram 1 m 1. ~ [cadkdla] See ~. ~ [cadbr] daughter ofSardar Jaimal Singh Kanhaiyya, a nobleman of Fatehgarh (district Gurdaspur), who was married to Kharak Singh, the eldest son (heir apparent) of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Kanwar Naunihal Singh was born to her in 1821 AD (Sammat 1879). She occupied the throne of Lahof(~ for sometime after the deaths of her husband and her son. As a consequence of the conspiracy hatched by Dhyan Singh Dogra and Maharaja Sher Singh, she was murdered in 1842. 2 daughter of Sardar Ram Singh Dhillon and the queen of Raja Jaswant Singh, the king of Nabha. She was very pious, courageous, and expert in governance and rearing of the family. She was highly respected in the Phulkian states. She ruled efficiently when Raja Bharpur Singh was a minor. 3 daughter of Kaur Himmat Singh and the niece of raja Amar Singh, the king ofPatiala.

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She was married in Sammat 1834 to Sardar Dasondha Singh, son of Sardar Tara Singh, a nobleman ofRahon. 4 daughter ofHari Singh and the granddaughter of raja Gajpati Singh, ruler of Jindo She was married to Sardar Fateh Singh the nobleman ofThanesar. 5 See~. tT;: tr.l'7)T [cad carhna] v manifest satoguD (quality of purity, goodness and orderliness). 2 (for spiritual illumination) to dawn. "mItIa adhera cad cafIa."-asa ill 5.3 occurrence of such an event as may attract the attention of all; like all eyes seeing the crescent moon. 4 (an unexpected event) occur. tf;: tf;:rcft [cad cadaki] See 1ft! and ~. ;fun [cadan] Skt ~ n a fragrant tree, and its wood, that delights all; sandalwood; L Santalum album. It abounds in Mysore state and southern Madras. It has a cooling and moistening effect. The oil extracted from its wood is very redolent. All ottos are made from it. It is used to cure many ailments. Sandalpaste is offered to the godhead and is also used by many Hindus for putting a mark on their forehead. A coating of its paste on the forehead is very useful for getting relief from headache caused by heat. The sandal-sherbet relieves biliary fever. Its wood is good for carving. Penstands and boxes made of sandalwood are highly valued and sent to distant places. "cadan cadu na sarad rutI mulI na mItai gham."-var jEt. 2 a poet who came to the court of Guru Gobind Singh and presented an obtuse saw:ya (a quatrain of dactylic structure) hoping that no one there will be able to tell its meaning. But a poet, named Dhanna Singh, made him eat an humble pie. See <:for fifur. tTt:!l'lfdlfa [cadangIrI].mountain on which sandal trees in particular grow. See }ffilJf. tT~ [cadanraIl, tf~ [cadanray] a Chandela Rajput leader. See F~FtJ~ (')'<::<:< a: 12.

2 another name of poet Chandan. See wfifur. Jel'lltll'S [cadnacal], ~ [cadnadn] mountain with sandal trees. See Je(')FdiFa and }ffilJf.

ffi:fo [cadanI ] with sandal. See ~.

tf;: ~ ~ ~ [cad nil tmka parvan] It is mentioned in Kaushitki Upanishad that the offspring of a person who worships the moon with two grass blades on the second of every bright fortnight, do not die.! 2 It is now used as a proverb, meaning that great men are pleased to receive even an insignificant gift. 3 This proverb is also used in a different sense. As a single piece of thread is acceptable to the moon on the second day of the bright fortnight but anything precious offered after this date is useless, so meagre but timely heip may serve the purpose but delayed offer of a large sum can be of no use. ~ [cadpur] a village, in tehsil Una ofdistrict Hoshiarpur, which is situated at a distance of 20 miles from Nawan Shahar railway station and Garhshankar. A gurdwara has been built there in memory of Guru Hal' Rai. tTt:!1-f1? [cadmall] son of Sawanmall and a nephew of Guru Amar Dev. tT'el1cit [cadmukhi] moon-faced; having fair face. 2 n hlue lotus or water lily. tfe-a'r [candra] Skt ~ n Rahu-the demon; enemy of the moon. 2 adj who agonizes like Rahu, the demon. 3 n whitlow. ~[cadrat] n first night of the lunar month on which the moon becomes visible. 2 second night of the bright fornight. trw lc5da] n plural of cadra. "je sau cada ugClvCllu."-var asa. 2 cover of a quilt carrying moon's print. 3 P .~collection, donation. 4 subscription for some organization,
IHindus of'tCr a piece of cotton cloth to the moon on the second of the bright fortnight, the raison d'etre of this very writing.

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magazine, or newspaper, etc. 5 crescent like honorific name for Chandu mentioned at 2 piece of metal or paper. "eada Qor me pavta above. Among the Sikhs his derogatory name hE, tA gUQQi ml jaI pahucta hE."~X;BM. is prevalent as svah which means 'ashes', # [cadA] P ()'~ a bit more; somewhat like instead of ~ahu. this. ~ [caderi] an old city, in the Lalitpur district ~ [cadaIIW] n moonlight. 2 light, flash. of central India (C.P.), which is also called 3 moon's abode, sky. "nIsI damanI jIU Chandarvati. It is situated at a distance of earnakI eadaIDU dekhE. "-maru so/he m 1. about 18 miles to the west of Lalitpur. 2 It was ~ [cadaki] Skt ~ n moonlight. "tnsna a major city of the Chedi area and capital of aganI bujhani, SIV eano ea;d eadaki."-dhcma Shishupal. See B"fu. Yashovarma, a Chandela m 4. Shiv (as sign of benediction) on the Raj put, ruled in Chanderi from 982 AD to 1012 ascendance, that gives light to the moon. AD. As a result, Chedi became famous as ~ [eadayaD], ~ [e;"\dayan] See~. Chanderi. SabaI' occupied it on 20 th June 1526 2 light displayed by a hunter, seeing which the AD. ;f~~ [eaderinath], ;f~wrro [eaderipatI] deer rush towards it at night. ~ [cadn] Skt ~ n moon. 2 elephant. Shishupal. See~. m [cadi], M [c;,,\dlJ P u.:~ many, quite a few. #ff [eadel], #w [cadela] a caste ofChhatris, "e;"\di hajar alam ekal khana." -tIlag namdev. thc origin of which is thus mentioned: Hemraj ~ [cadu] See "i':k. was a priest of Indarjit, raja of Kashi. His 4 [cadu] a disciple of Guru Arjan Dev. 2 a daughter Hemwati, who was very pretty, went to bathe in the Ganges one day. On seeing her, Khatri, resident of Lahore, who was a finance officer during the regime of Jahangir. He the moon got enamoured and impregnated he'. wanted his daughter to be married to Guru The progeny of Hemwati are the Chandel Hargobind. But hearing his imprudent remarks, Chhatris. the Sikh community of Delhi sent an appeal to Another view is that the Chandel dynasty began with Marichi's son Chandratrey. Guru Arjan Dev not to accept the offer of 2 a Rajput subcaste. "eadel C;:lpIya tabE nsat matrimonial alliance made by Chandu the dhat bhe SClbE."-VN. The rulers of Bilaspur apostate. Accepting the appeal of his Sikhs, the Guru declined the offer. As a result, Chandu be long to this subcaste. ;:re- [c;}do] See tR- HT3T. became an enemy of Guru Arjan Dev. Through a strategem Chandu got the fifth ~ [cadoa] n canopy with the moon's image carved at its centre. "tClkhCltI bEtha arjan guru Guru to come to Lahore and after imputing satIgur ka khIVE cadoa."-var ram 3. See false accusations, got a heavy fine imposed on him by the emperor. He made the Guru B'~4. suffer various unbearable tortures, resulting in # tfu..rrfuw [c;}do dipaIa] adjthe moon shone i.e., spiritual effulgence appeared. "cado the Guru's martyrdom.' dipaIa danI han kE."-suhi chat m 1. Chandu met with a wretched end at the hands ofthe Sikhs in Sammat 1670, in Lahore. ;:re- lfT3T [cado rnata] mother-in-law of Guru ~ [eadu~ahu], tf~trl(J [eadusvah] an 'The ruins of the old Chanderi are situated at a distance
'See;::ruioflo, including its footnote. or 8 miles to the north-west of the new settlement.

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Nanak Dev, and wife of Baba Mool Chand Cholla and mother of Mata Sulakhni. m[c~ov],~[c~ova]SeeOO-W. "kIttIC~OV das6 dISI tanyo."-paras. 'a canopy of glory.' ~ [c;'id:>l] Dg n hindmost part of an army; the rear. ~ [c;'idra] Skt n moon. 2 moon-like disc on a peacock's feather. 3 water. 4 gold. 5 a mountain in Nepal. See ~. 6 camphor. 7 pearl with pinkish hue. 8 Per yog, the blood vessel Ira. 9 indicative of one because the moon is thus regarded. 10 semi-circular arrow. "kIte c;'idr tnsul SEthi s;'ibharE."-cCJrItr 96. 11 adjbeautiful; charming. ~[cadrsekhar]Skt~nShiv, who wears the moon on his head; Mahadev. 2 See"FlcRr 3. ~ [c;'idrsekhri] n goddess Durga, who wears the moon (as her head-ornament). tf'Illo't UTQ [c;'idrseni hal'] n an inlaid gold necklace which has small and large semicircular beads and a crescent-shaped central piece. It is women's prized ornament. "c;'idrasenIn IncJnIn hiran."-sCJJoh. ~ [c;'idrCJhara] See 1J?l1 (a). ~ [c;'idrahas], ~ [cadrahasu] Skt ~sr-(,ffi n which has moon-like glitter, the sword. It is made of sakela, not of steel. 2 a particular sword of Ravan which he had received from Shiv. "C<Jdrahas ekE kar dhJri."-ramav. 3 silver. 4 a raja from southern India whose story, narrated in Mahabharat, goes thus: Chandarhas's parents died when he was young and his father's minister Dhrishtbuddhi usurped the whole of the state. One day, on seeing the child Chandarhas, a soothsayer predicted that he \voldd become an emperor. Hearing this, Dhrishtbuddhi made various attempts to kill the boy, but every time he was saved by the Almighty. At last, through Chandarhas, the minister sent a letter to his

son Madan directing to poison him. Chandarhas left with the said letter but, in order to relieve himself offatigue, he went to sleep in Madan's garden. Madan's sister Vishya came to the said garden and, on seeing the face of Chandarhas, vowed to marry him. Having retrieved the letter from his shirt flap, she went through it, and was greatly distressed. Taking a bit of collyrium from her eye she changed the word VI$ (poison) to VI$ya and went away. Having risen from sleep, Chandarhas went to Madan and handed over the letter to him. Madan immediately married his sister to Chandarhas. When Dhrishtbuddhi came to know of it, he was beside himself with rage. He gave money to the Chandals so as to behead Chandarhas when he visited the temple for worship. Madan reached the temple before Chandarhas and was murdered by the Chandals. "jIu jCJn c;'idrahasu dukhIa dhnsatbudhi, apna ghClru luki jare."-nCJt CJ m 4. ~ [c5drClhar] See ~ (J1Q. tf~Cf [cadrak] Skt n moon. 2 moon-shaped ornament for women's forehead. 3 a sage. See HWFfLf. "c5drdk nam nkhisur ek."-GPS. 4 camphor. tf~Cf 'S"<!' [c5drak baI:l] See ~tI ~ and

tftr 10.
~

[cadrClkala] Skt n sixteenth part of the moon. Sanskrit scholars have enumerated sixteen parts of the moon as: amnta, manda, pU$a, PU$tI, tU$tI, rat I , dhntI, $Cl$InI, cadnka, katI, jyatsna, $ri, pritI, agda, pU$I:la and purI:la. According to Kamshastar sixteen parts of the moon are - pU$a, ya$a, sumnasa, ratI, praptI, dhntI, nddhI, samya, marieI, 5$umalIni, agna, $a$Ini, ehaya, s5purI:lmaQla, tU$tI and amnta. 2 According to Nanak Prakash, chief queen

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1223 of Shivnabh, king of Lanka, who became a benevolent. 2 See q]l..f3' 4. 3 In Sanskrit books disciple ofGuru Nanak. "cadrakala Ie rani saga. Chitargupt has also been mentioned as ava bhupatI hrIdE umaga."--NP. See F!?it tT Chandargupt. See~. 15. ~ [cadracur] Skt ~ n one who wears ~ [cadraka] See ~. the moon in his crown; one whose topknot has ~'iW3' [cadrakatJ, tf~Wor [cadrakiita] Skt the moon, Shiv. ~CfiT;:cr n According to Sanskrit poets, a ~ [cadracadra] illuminator of the moon. precious stone from which ambrosia oozes out See~. "namo cadracadre."-japu. during the moonlight. 2 sandal. 3 white water ~ [cadrajom], B~ [cadraj:llu] n which lily; blue water lily. originated from the Chandar mountain; ~ [cadrakumarJ son of the moon, planet Chandarbhaga river.-sanama. whose origin is Mercury. "jIh sam fdra n;) cadrakumara." from the Chander mountain. -carItr 273. 'Mercury has been depicted as ~ [cadra-Qi] n moon's power. 2 moonlight. very beautiful.' ~ [cadradhar] n Shiv; who keeps the moon eiifl'lIfa [cadragIrI] a mountain, in Nepal, the on his head. 2 which holds the moon, the sky. -sal1ama. height of which is 8,500 feet. 2 a hill near Seringapatam, where exists a sacred place of eiiQd'tld [cadradh~rcar] n which moves in the the Jains. sky, an arrow -sanama. 2 a bird. ~'iQTtr3" [cadragupat] Skt 'CRlJ,1:8 ruler of ~ [cadraba-Q] See ~ and ~ 10. Magadh. He belonged to the IVllaurya ' ~ [cadrdbfb] moon's reflection. dynasty, and set up his capital in Pataliputar ~ [cadrabrat] See ~, ~ and -a-tr. (Patna) after destroying raja MaIm Nand and ~ [cadrdbhdga] Radha's beloved friend. the royal dynasty with the help of his minister "c5drdbhdga jIh nam Sdkhi ko hf."-krIsal1. Chanakya (Vishnugupt). He subjugated the 2 river Chenab. See tf~f(JlT. "Eravti ek dISI vari... cadrabhdga dISI dutIy suhai."-NP. whole of India. His kingdom comprised Afghanistan, Bihar, Kathiawar and Punjab. eii3'dh'lf() [cadrabhagananI] which supports Chandargupt married the daughter ofSeleukos river Chenab; earth.--s,mama. -the Greek ruler. His wonderful story is to be ~ [cadrabhaga] Skt a river emerging at a found in the drama Mudlrarakshas. He place ealled Chandarbhag in the Himalayas; Chenab. In the Rigved it has been named as ascended the throne in 322 BC and after Asikni. 3 Chenab bifurcates into two streams abdicating his throne became an ascetic in 298 near LahauJ. Both the streams join together Be. His entire four-pronged army numbered 2 690,000. His son Bindusar, i\mitarghat being near Tandi, at a distance of 115 miles from the his real name, was very generous and river's original source. Flowing in Kashmir through Akhnur, Kishtwar and the Chamba 'The name of Chandargupt's mother was Mura whence state, irrigating the lands ofSialkot, Wazirabad, the name of the son and the dynasty came to bc known joining river Jehlam in district Jhang and river as Maurya. Ravi near Sindh, it merges into Indus at 'Ofwhich 600,000 were foot-soldiers, 9,000 elephants, M itthankot. 30,000 cavalry and the rest should be considered
chariots. 3The Greeks have corrupted his name as Acesines.

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~ ~ [cadrabhaga esayudh] master
~ [c5draIDu]

adjwith moonlight, moonlit.

2 lunar. 3 17 light, miracle. "phathohu mIrag of river Chenab, Varun; and his weapon, the JIVE pekIn rEDI cadraIDu."~asa chat m 5. noose. tJ'i'O [cadrabhanl, B;;9!Q [c5drabhanu] a Hcre the reference is to the fire, lit by a hunter, secing which the deer gets bedazzled and is Sandhu Jatt, resident of Talwandi, father of attracted to it. The materialistic marvels ofthe Bhai Bala. 2 According to astrology, the sun and the moon get together on the last day of world are likewise dazzling. the dark fortnight of the lunar month. The ~"5'i' Icadrarn] See ~'1il'<!'. person born on this day is lazy and indolent. tll;:'FdlFa [cadragln] See ~. "cadrama si c5dragln. "--akai. That is why people call a lazy person as Chandarbhan. 3 father of Chandrawali, ~ [cadran;:m] adj(male) having moon-like Krishan's beloved milkmaid. He was the son face. ofMahibhanu. ~ [cad ran-nil adj (female) having moontJ~5'"W [c5drabhala] Durga, who wears the like face. moon on her forehead. See ~ . ~ [c5drayaD] See ~ and ~. ~m k5clravalI], ~ [cadravli] a milkmaid, ~ [cadramal!i] See ~. 2 See ~ww. ~ [c5drama] n moon. 2 signifier of ' one'. daughter ofChandarbhanu from the womb of ~ [cadramas] n lunar month; period ofthirty Vindumati. with whom Krishan fell in love and days from the first day of the bright fortnight whom he won over using numerous wiles. She to the last day of the dark fortnight. was wife Govrdhan Mall, a resident ofvillage ~ [c5dramukhi] See Btlj1:it. Karela. "juj mdhI jon Chdli cadravalr kanh ~ [c5dramJII] Sec ~. knSdn jaddmu bhala."-var asa. 2 lineage of ~ [cadram5qal] Ski n orb or disc 0 f the the lunar dynasty. moon. 2 the world of the moon. tfftrw [cadnka] Skt 17 moonlight. "~ri guru tJ~ [cadravati] .another name of cadI or pagnakh katI jo ruCIr cadnka man."-NP. Chanderi. See ~. 2 moon-shaped disc on a peacock's tail or ~ [cadravarma] See~ 2. feathers. 3 large cardamom. 4 river Chenab. ~ [cadrav5~] lunar lineage; Kshatri dynasty, 5 jasmine. 6 a moon-shaped head ornament descending from the moon, of which Yadavs, worn by women. 7 a treatise on grammar, Kauravs and Pandavs have been very authored by Ramashramacharya. illustrious. See~. ti\tt [c5dri] power of the moon. "savltri cadri fdmDi. "~c1att. ~ [cadrava~i] adj belonging to or born in the lunar dynasty. ~ ~ [c5drotujlyaro] sen cadr-vat-ujlyaro. tJ'iT [c5dra] See B~. 2 Ski ~~T n small light like that of the moon.-cantr 131. cardamom. 3 a self-rooting creeper, cocculus ~\:Iif [cadroday] Skt n moonrise. 2 According cordifolius. 4 small canopy, baldachin. to the system ofAyurvedic medicine, a metallic 5 whitlow. . salt prepared from a combination of sulphur, mcrcury and gold. It is considered very ~ [c5draID] See ~. "varat karahI c5draIDa se kIte na Ickha."-var maru 2 m 5. invigorating. 3 a small canopy or awning. 4 Sce (jJg('i'('iCl ~\:Iif. 2 SeeB~.

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tfo [can] n moon. tfoc!" [calldD] See tfto.

;ft( [cap] Skt ~ vr go. capat is derived

from it. ~ [capak] Skt n michelia campaca tree and its flowers, which are very fragrant. The large black bees, intoxicated by its fragrance, hover around it. The colour of the flowers is light yellow. According to Ilindu scriptures, offering these flowers to the gods is regarded as a meritorious act. Ayurvedic doctors use its bark, leaves, flowers and roots for various medicines. 2 a special kind of banana. ~ [capakmala] n a garland of michelia campaca flowers. 2 a metre, also called rukamvati. Its distinct features are: four lines, each line comprising a bhagaIl, maga~L. sagdD, guru, thus arranged. 511, 555, 115.. 5. Example: diragh rJra dw: dISI hova, cahat hathi ko tab c;lhova, sfgh bhae ghore asvara, lohgarhi ko dvar nIhara.-GPS. ;ft.s" [capat] massage limbs; press limbs gently with hands. "kamaru krodh su dand capat." --GV 10. 2 adj who has fled or vanished. See tftr vr. ;fw [capa] See ;ftm. 2 a town founded by Champ, son ofHarit, which was the capital of Ang region. It is situated at a distance of four miles to the west ofBhagalpur. It is also called Champawati. King Lompad, who brought up king Dashrath's daughter Shanta, had ruled over it. Karan, sun's son, had also been reigning here. ;fl.fTfi:fur [capasfgh] It is a another name of Bhai Chaupa Singh. ~ [capanerl an old city, in the Panchmahal district ofBombay, located at a distance of25 miles to the north of Baroda.

m-

tfu'tym [capapuriJ, tf~ [capavati] See t.fur 2.2 an old name of Chatsunagar of Rajputana, which is situated at a distance of twenty-four miles to the south-east of Jaipur. ;ffuw [capIla] See t31./W. ti [capu] Skt n a composition in which both verse and prose are employed. tfi)' [c5pE] gently presses the limbs. "tIsu bhete dandr nd capE."-saveye m 4 ke. See tr'tf. thr [cab] Skt ~ vr go. [cabal] Skt ~ or d'l'FrID-r -d y Psoriasis. It is a skin disease. Most commonly it affects the upper side offeet between the two ankles. Sometimes it also the affects hands. Through contagion it affects other parts of the body. Like ringworm it has germs and is highly itchy. On excessive scratching, yellow matter begins to ooze. There is no perspiration on the portion of the skin affected by psoriasis. Its common remedy is to keep the body clean with some good quality soap. Fill ten seers of dry camel droppings in a drum-like plastered pit and set them on fire. Put an inverted brass bucket, coated with mustard oil, on the mouth of the pit, keeping some space between the edge of the pit and the mouth ofthe bucket so that fire does not get extinguished and fumigation of the bucket continues. When all the camel droppings get reduced to ashes and fire extinguishes itself, remove the bucket. Put one tola of blue vitriol (copper sulphate) and twenty tolas of oil of Brassica eruca seeds. Levigate blue vitriol with an iron hammer in such a way that the fumcs deposited on the inner side of the bucket get mixed in it. Preserve this oil in a bottle. After fomenting the affected skin, wash psoriasis with a hot piece of brick for hal f an hour, and then apply this oil on it. The psoriasis disappears after application of this

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oil for a week or two. Drinking of the concoction of ophetia chirretta and fumeria officianalis is also efficacious. Take ten tolas of the rind of terminalia chebula, five tola~ of the rind of terminalia bellerica, fIve tolas of the rind of emblic myrobalan, eighty five tolas offul11eria officianalis, one tala ofChinese rhubarb, pound and sieve them. Rub this powder with almond oil and after having pounded it with raisins, convert this paste into pills. Use of one tola of these pills daily for one week frees one of psoriasis. 2 A river C-cIT{u-qJj) which originates from the Janpav mountain in the Indore state, after covering 650 miles, it falls into river Yamuna at a place 25 miles to the south west of Itawa. ' tf'a;:ror [cabarna] v stick, cling. tfs1' [c5ba] See tfur. 2 a hill state the capital city of which is Chamba. To its north and west lies the Kashmir slate and to its south are districts of Gurdaspur and Kangra. Chamba city was founded by Sahil Varma on the right bank of river Ravi, in 920 AD. It is seventy miles by road, from Pathankot. 3 mottled, spotted. "c5bi barva nIkat anae."-GPS. tffimr1? [c5bIal] a subcaste of thc Rajputs. Kings ofChamba belong to this sect. tffa>m;ft [c5bIali] language of Chamba region. 2 a female of the Chambial subcaste. 3 adj concerning Chamba. tfS1;ft [cabeli] See ~1 and B'ft:qr 5.

ID-r rc3m] n skin, hide, leather.

tfmr~ [cam cor] ravisher of another's wife.

2 an adulterer. ~ [c5marna] v stick, cling. tfW\J [c5mar] See t:J'}fIQ. "meri jatI bIkhIat c5mar5."--mala ravidas. tffif [eomI] in the leather. "pasu maDaSI camI pale\e."-var mala ill 1. thf [c5mu] S skin, hide, leather. "jiu pig camu tera hdge."-var gau 1 ill 4. tfm5t [c5meli] See't3""Hm and ~ 5. ~n [cyavon] a sage who was Bhrigu's son from Puloma's womb. It is mentioned in Mahabharat that when he was in the womb, a demon wanted to carry away his mother. At this the child emerged from the womb of his mother and destroyed the demon with his dazzle. As he had abandoned the womb he was known as Chyavan. He married Sukanya, daughter of raja Sharyati. Aurav was his son and Richik his gnlndsoll. Richik's son was Jamdagani and Jamdagani's son was Parshuram. 2 drip from: trickle; stream fmih. ~ [cyu] Skr vr drip, trickle; fall, decline. ~ [cyul] SkI ~-l\'l vr irrigate, moisten, stream forth. 2 adj fallen; fallen from. 3 apostate, deliant. 4 dripped from; streamed forth, oozed. ~ [cyutI] Skr n oozing. 2 fall, degradation. 3 slip, oversight, mistake. 4 anus. 5 vulv~ vagina. ~ [ev!'1 ildvoozing, dripping, falling. 2 having oozed or dripped. "CVE cali asav dhar." -llrIp$;'}bhu.

'According to 67'h chapter ur Drolla section or the Mahabharat, this river has been rormed with the bloud of the cows sacrificed ill Rantidev's yag.

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decorated, rendered elegant. "t.=m rup chae hE. "-krIsan. iiicJ [chahJ n six. "car mar;:itah chah mue."-s kabir. See ~a- J-RB. "chahu dIS dhar."-gau thIti kabir. 2 act of piercing or cutting. "kharges su sis chahe hE."-knscm. iil'iJ'a'Q [chahbarJ spread-over cloud, overcasting cloud. "fdrE no phurmala vutha chahbar lar."-var mala m 3. 'It rained continuously.' iiicJ l,ft [chah mueJ See ~ m3". ~ [chahviJ See M. ~ [chahIl).J n extensive pond, lake; lowlying area where rainwater coIIects and stands for a long time. 2 See ~. ~ [chahIl).aJ v be destroyed. 2 go into hiding. "hOI achal chal ;:idar chahIl).a."-BG. 'being guileless, not to desire one's fame in the delusive worldly affairs.' ~ [chahiaJ n shade; shadow. "dhup nahi chahia."-gau kabir. ~ [chahudlsJ advtowards the six directions; towards the sky, the netherworld and the four directions; in all directions. See iN. ~ljl:f [chahumukhJ See CfCljl:f and "l::Sl7l?l. 'S'fr [chaheJ See iN 2. ~ [chaheruJ small quantity of buttermilk that remains in butter and which, on heating, settles down. &:C{ [chakJ n satiation; satisfaction. See BC\ vr. 2 splendour, grace. See ~. 3 See iiq. ~ [chakchdkaJ adj satiated. '\'imrrt chakchake."-asa eh:'it m 4. 'iircI"C!'T [chakl).aJ v eat or take meals. 2 be

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satiated; be content. 3 adorn oneself, seem glorious. "ChClkI ChClkI byom bIvan;')."-hJjare 1O. See BOf vr. ~ [chClbt) See ~ ~ 2W" 2. 'iirefOT [chClkna) See ~. 2 be taken aback; be astonished. ~ [chClkvari) adj living on water; aquatic. "kClhu chala dhClre chE! bhari, kClhu chClkvari." -dkal. 2 eater; guzzler. 3 glorious. 4 comely, elegant. ~ [chClkra) n cart. i;io{T [chClka) See ~. 2 See 6lW. ~~ [chClkauDa) v feed; make one drink. 2 decorate; embellish. 3 delight. sfcr [ChClkI) short for ChClkIt. 2 having eaten. See ~ 2. "ChClkI kIn rClhClhu chaQI kIn asa?"-gdu bavdn kdbir. 3 having been decorated; having got elegant. See ~ 3. ~ [chClkIa) ate. 2 became satiated. 3 was decorated. 'iilfao [ChClkIt) adj decorated, embellished. 2 satiated, satisfied. riC!" [chClkoD) hexagon, an object with six corners. ~ [chClkk) decorative material; clothes,jewelry, etc given by the maternal grand parents of a young girl at the time of her marriage. ~ [chakka) n hexad. 2 collection ofsix poems. See, W2 ~ -e- ~ under f'W 0TaT which are sung in combination with flFIT-et~[asadi var). 3 a throw in gambling, in which six cowries appear obverse. 4 five senses and conscience. ~ i~ [chClkka chuttDa), 6lW wzor [chakka chutna) v (for the five sense organs and the mind) stop functioning; become unconscious. 2 lose at gambling; dropping of the cowries from one's hand due to defeat. ~ [chClkkel plural of chClkka. six stanzas of composition by a devotee of Durga, in the name of Guru Gobind Singh beginning as:

"nClmo ugrCld;')ti ,m;')ti sIvEya"... etc. Skt n young he-goat. 2 goat-skin. 3 a bag made from goat-skin to keep water. iiliir [ChClChl, iiliir <:Jt11'OT [ChClCh hCljara) n a nineteen mile long and nine mile wide stretrch of land, on the bank of the Indus, in tehil and district Attak, also called CclC hClzara. "tClkhClt hCljara ChClCh hCljara."-GPS. ~ [chClchr::>li) See ~. iifEi:T [chClcha) pronunciation of the character 5. 2 the character 5. "chClcha chohre das tumare."-bavdn. &:6RJT [chClchahal n aquatic animal. See BtJT. "jhige CUD CUD khaI chClchaha."-BG. sW~ [cl1ClchUdClrl Skt ~,,~rC;R. a species of rat. Its body has such stench that anything it touches keeps on emitting stench for a long time; E mole. See B"fj'Q'Q. iirtT [ChCljl n winnowing basket used for separating grain from chaff etc. "cuha khClQI nCl mavCli tIkCllI b~nhE chClj."-var mdla m 1. 2 See 6Ff?iT. ~ [chCljkClrClnl See ~. 6Ff?iT [chCljna) v do the makeup, look comely. stR'ft [chCljlil n small winnowing basket. ii:'W [chCljal See iw. "~dClrI kot chClje hCltnaIe." -maru solhe m 1. iffi:r [chCljI 1 S ii:f'g n flow, flood. "ClmIU VUthClU chCljI."-Sdveye m 2 ke. 2 adv having done one's makeup. iill=r [ChCljj) See iiiR. ii~ [chCljjkClrClDI adj with ears like a winnowing basket. 2 n man or demon with ears resembling a winnowing basket. "chCljjadI kClrClDekadI pav."-kdlki. 3 elephant. iift:Rr [chCljjClr], iit=lC? [chCljjClll, ii;::s- [chCljjClrI a subcaste of Jatts. "pqa SIkh chCljjCll tIS jati." -GPS. 2 adj who makes winnowing baskets. 3 who has a winnowing basket. iw [chCljja) n balcony, eaves. 2 bed, bedding.
iil'al"l? [chClgClI)

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iiffo

iitrfu croo [chajjadI karan] See

6h:li51O"C:.

it!" [chajju] a pious person, resident of Lahore,

who belonged to Bhatia caste and worked as a goldsmith. He lived in the times of Jahangir and Shahjahan. Maharaja Ranjit Singh raised a beautiful temple at the site of this devotee's shop which is now located towards the south of Rattanchand's inn, near Mayo Hospital. At the same place, there is a marble memorial of Chhajju. The caretakers there are Dadupanthi sadl1Us. Chhajju Bhagat died in Sammat 1696. People call this place Chhajju Bhagat's upper storey. Another place, in the Dhal locality, where this ascetic used to meditate is also known by this name. See 'Ci(TQ' and g''i;p..fm. 2 an admirer from the Kohli subcaste, who was a resident of Sultanpuf. He became Guru Arjan Dev's discipl!e as also a benevolent person. 3 a commander in Guru Hargobind's army who fought valiantly in the battle of Amritsar. "chajju gajju muhru radhava te sujana bir."-GPS. 4 an utterly foolish water carrier, resident of Panjokhra (district Ambala) Through His grace, Guru Harkrishan bestowed upon him great power of learning. In a doctf1inal debate he explained the meaning of Gita to Pandit Lal Chand so well that the latter was utterly nonplussed. "gram ho p;)jokhra dIli ko jate mag rnahi taha ap bole aj Ih5. rahyo cahIye, .. gval kaVI bhr chajju jhivar taha ko huto vako chari chvaI kahIvayo arth sahIye."
-gurupacasa.

it!" BT ~ [chajju da c:Jbara] an upper storey

room which was Chajju Bhagatt's abode. It is located in Lahore. See ~ 1. There is a Panjabi saying: "jo sukh chajju de c:Jbare, na balax, na buxare."-prov. It means that there is no comfort like in one's own home.

sect of well-known ascetic Chhajju of Lahore, norms of which are a mixture of Hinduism and Islam. This sect has its headquarters at Malak Hans in tehsil Pakpatan of district Montgomery. Followers of this sect neither use any intoxicant, nor eat meat. See ~ 1. &:G [chat] See iz and iil'it. ~ [chatakna] v be released, win freedom. 2 defeat, put down. "m11Q chatkat mItr putI' h11 ke sok so."-akal. iilG" [chata] Skt n splendour, brilliance. "lIye barcI--j br bIjjuchata. "-caQi 1.2 beauty, grace. 3 lightning. ~ [chatak] Skt TSJC,Gs::cr n a weight of six taks; sixteenth of a seer, five tolas. l iilG"&:G [chatachat] adv at once, instantly. sfGorr [chatIka], sit [chati] n stick, cane. 2 See iil'it. ~ [chatiE] of the sacks. "banI bharu ucaInI chatir."-var ram 3. iz [chatt] gunnybag. See iil'it. ikr [chatta] n SplilSh, sploch. 2 scattering; broad method of sowing. 3 adj freed, released. "catdr chatta."--datt. 'immediately released.' iil'it [chatti] n gunnybag. 2 pannier put on a donkey or mule, of which the portion on the back is weightless but bags on the sides are heavy. See ~. iifO [chathi] six. "rat kari chath masall ki." -krrsan. 2 See 'ffifu'. &fc5H [chatham], iif<ST [chatha] Skt'R'l! adj sixth. sfo [cha~hI], 5"09" [chathi] Skt"RJ'i't n sixth day of both fortnights of a lunar month. "chathI kha~cakr chahil dIS dhaI."-gau thIti kabir. See~. 2 sixth day after birth. 3 ceremonies performed, per family practice, on the sixth day after the birth of a child.
;One chvtiik of ancient times equals two tolas of the present age.

~ [chajjupathi]

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musical instrument. 3 a six-ply thread. ~ [chatal] n in music, six rhythmic beats. duties. See~. ~ [chaqDa], S1fOT [chaqna] v give up. See l::fC3TR". "chaqIkharote khIl1 maIn jIn SIU laga. iif3Tl [chutaIa] adj who knows how to play hetu."-majh barahmaha. 2 release, unfetter. rhythmic cycle of six beats. 2 clever, shrewd. 3 adj worth giving up. "jo chaqna su astlnru 3 song with six rhythmic beats. 4 k~at-alay, kan man. "-sukhmani. house of wounds; battlefield. "su bas;') chatal;'). "-kdlki. sfu [chaqI] having left or given up. See~. e:fut;rr [chatIya] 11 chest, breast. 2 umbrella, ~ [chaD] Skt ~ n moment, instant. See~. ~ [chaDda] Dg n night. parasol. ii:(!7iT [chaDna] v trickle, drip e.g. "garabh sal [chati] See 68lH. 2 damage, loss. 3 adj chaDna." 2 sieved or strained. wounded, injured. r.Sl>w [chatia] 11 chest, breast. 2 umbrella. i s [chat] See ~. 2 roof. 3 wound, injury. "ayudh ko chat lag na kou. "--N? iiStR' [chatis] 11 thirty-six. S3H [chataj] n blood which oozes from a iiStR' tn:l1f [chatis pakh;')q] thirty-six kinds of wound.--sallama. 2 red colour; red-coloured dissimulations or hypocrisies. No particular article.-sallama. number of dissimulations is referred to here; implied is their being numerous. The Chinese ~ [chatdhar] See ~. 2 the wounded. See E;B 3. traveller Fahiyan has written that ninety-six kinds of dissimulations are prevalent in the iil3('jT [chatna] n verandah on the front side of a house: dooriess roofed area. 2 a kind of Madhya Desh. He means that they are mushroom. "chatr ke bacHe jEse chatna ki chah countless. "khatdarsan bahu VEr kar nal chatis pakMq caIae."-BG. bEthe."-BGK. iiStJ [chatih] See 53tJ:r. iiStf [chCltap] Dg n emperor, monarch. iiStJ nffi;r3" [chatih ;')mnt] thirty-six kinds of ~ [chatpatr] See~. ambrosial foods. Several scholars have counted i s ~ [chat banur] See i"3"~. ~ [chatar] See ~. as many kinds of eatables but it is just a ~ [chatardhar] See~. conjecture. Bhai Gurdas has very nicely ~ [chatri] 11 small umbrella. 2 roof of an explained the concept of thirty-six kinds of foods. "khat ras mIth rus melkE chatih bhojan umbrella's size on a chariot. 3 domed memorial han rasoi". Through mutual combinations, usually found in Rajputana. 4 See~. each taste can be converted into six different is;'fT [chatra] See iil3('jT. 2 adj roofed. "chatre bajar."--var ram 2 m 5. In a roofed market, relishes and this explanation can be applicable in all the countries. "jIh prasad I chatih amnt business can be carried on during winter, khahI. "-sukhmalli. "chatih ;')mn t bhojan summer and in the rainy season. Here 'roofed market' stands for a holy gathering. khaDa."-majh m 5.2 all kinds offood. iiS'lr [chatab], ~ [chatabi] P ,":",l? fl::r:.:rrGr adv &Stu tfiIT [chatih jug] period of time equalling thirty-six mythological aeons; that is, nine at once, immediately. tetrads, each of four ages or aeons. It is a ~ [chatara] adj of a ram. "bIn SImrun jEse hypothesis of the ancient scholars that, after sig chatara."-gau a 1J1 5. 2 11 a six-stringed

iiitS

~ [chathe karam] six types of acts or

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the dissolution of the world, the state of ill 5.4 a Kshatri. See~. nothingness prevails for a period ofthirty-six ~ [chatrsal] a famous raja of Panna. He ages. "chatih jug gubaru sa ape g;ll:tat kini." was son of Champat Rai of Bundela dynasty -var ram 1m3. "jug chatih gubar kar."-BG. and poet Lal was the jewel of his court. He died in 1734 AD. 2 Gopinath's son, jewel of ~ 'ffi:ro [chatih bhojan] See 53TJ ~. ~ [chatul Skt 6f:'f n umbrella. 2 canopy of a the Chauhan dynasty, king ofBundi and close king as regal insignia. "l1l:hcalu caur chatu." associate ofDara Shikoh; he was killed in 1658 -var ram 2 m 5. "Iku sahrbu SIr chatu. "-asa AD in Dara's battle against Aurangzeb. m5. ~ [chatrasIr] adj who has a canopy over &fO' [chatt] n shade; derived frorn chadIt. his head. "patsahu chatrClSIr sou."-baVdll. 2 umbrella. 3 See i3'~. &f:Ia' [chCltrClk] Skt n a plant akin to acacia i3' '8Q;f [chatt banur] Chhat and Sanur are arabica; a parasol-shaped mushroom which two proximate villages in Patiala state and are appears during the rainy season. 2 parasoloften called by this combined name. Before shaped tree. 3 umbrella. 4 honeycomb. the conquest of Sirhind, in Sammalt 1767, the ~ [chatrClc;l.hala] king, over whose head is Khalsa Dal, in alliance with Banda Bahadur, held a large umbrella. "chCltrClc;l.hala cal bhCle jCltr btr jat hE. "~BGK. 'When a king becomes conquered these villages. i3r [chatta] n umbrella. 2 roofed market; alley unsteady, people under his sway dwindle or narrow lane. 3 beehive; wasps' nest. See away.' ~ [chatrCll:ti] army of a parasol-shaded king. ~ 4. 4 dishevelled hair (of the head). 5 In 2 congregation or society of Kshatris. Shahpur area, loose hair ofthe head are termed -Sdllama. as chatte. i3b=r [chattis] thirty-six. See 6i3lM. &f:Itrn' [chCltrCldhar] one over whose head a sJlH~i(') [chattisvana] adj thirty-sixth. "rahyo parasol is held; king, emperor. 2 parasolnak me ku~t chattisvana.''-j;mmejay. 'Thirty bearer; one who holds a parasol over a king's head. sixth part of leprosy remained there.' &f3'))fT(!T [chattear;la] a village, under police &f:It:fTa' [chCltrCldhar] See &f:ImJ'. 2 xa opium; poppy has a mark of parasol on it, hence this station Kotbhai, in district Ferozepur, ten kohs name. to the east of Muktsar, where there is Guptsar gurdwara of Guru Gobind Singh. See Q)l.f3'FlCf &r-f'QT6' ~ [chatradhar patsahiJ empire. "chatdhar patsahia."-sri m 5. and~. ~ [chatyo] wounded, injured. "sahasrasaYClka ~ [chCltradhari] See ~. chCltyo."-paras. 'was wounded with a ~tl'fu' [chatrapatI] n owner of a canopy, a king. 2 adjhaving a canopy over head. "pac;l.It, thousand arrows.' sur, chatrapCltI raja, bhagat braban Cluru na ~ [chCltr] n See~. "chatr 11a patr na caur 11a." koI. "-bIla ravIdas. -SClVE'ye sri mukhvak m 5. 2 Skt short for chCltvClr; abode, residence. "salagan sabh sukh ~ IchatrapaJ::lI] adj holding an umbrella in his hand. 2 This word has also been used chCltr." -man! d m 5. 'The sky uniformly covers for ~astrapaDI. and provides comfortable abode to all.' 3 adj canopy-like. "dahdIS chatr megh ghata."-sor ~ lchCltrapal1 n king.

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yogis hidden in the huts.' 2 who j ingles, who in a state. 3 widowhood. tinkles. 3 removing in a moment. ~ [chdtral n horned ram. 2 ram that has suet 'S"Oa" [chdndkL ~ [ch<:lnkarl n jingling or deposit on his tail. 3 Skt mushroom of the size tinkling ofa tiny bell. of parasol. 4 coriander. 5 madder. 'iifOT6" [chdnarL ~ [ch;mal] See ~. ~~ [chdtral)vil n a Kshatri woman. "kI iifoa' [chamkl See 6Ifua". chdtral).vi h."-datt. 'S'fos'o [chanIcharl Skt ~ See J17i1. planet ~~~ [ch<:ltranerl a town near Panna in Saturn, named as 1?dn1?Cdr as it remains in one Bundelkhand, which is now called Chatarpur. constellation of the zodiac for two and a half "chach ksi chdtraner. "-akal. years, i.e., one which moves slowly. 2 day of ~ [chdtrapdnl n Kshatria-hood. the week after this planet; Saturday. s~ifMal [chdtralIkal adj having a canopy over SFOSd.;:pFa [ch<:lnIChdrvan] on Saturday. her head. 2 n empress. "kI ch<:ltraIIka chE." "Ch<:lnIChdr varI S<:lUl). sasdt bicaru. "-bIla m 3 -datto var 7. ~ [ch<:ltrI], ~ [ch<:ltril See~. "kI ch<:ltr;'i str [Chdp 1 See iiiL/?jT and 5tfT. chdtri hE."-japu. 'He is a warrior, a warrior StI11 [chdpdsl n lord of chdpa (k1?dpa); moon. par excellence.' "rdvsdtuy;'i. Chdpsdtuy;'i."-gyan. 'Thou art the ~ [ch<:ltrial).il Skt n a female Kshatri. sun, thou art the moon.' ~fu' [chdtribrIttIl Skt~fu'n livelihood StIfi:r [chdPdSI] will hide himself. from the duty or occupation of the warrior &n.lCit [ch<:lpkil n lizard. caste. "chdtribrIttI dn-nyopasdk tyagi hdthi ~ [chdpl).a] v set, get invisible. "kdhe nandku sur bhuVdne1?Vdr."-salah. Ch<:lpE kIU chdpIa."-asa m 1. 2 be marked or ~ [chdtrul See ~. "ldhIl).e dhdrIOnU Chdtru printed. SIrI."-var ram 3. 2 a troop of warriors. Stf()' [chdpan] See iil'trn. "chdpan kOtI jake "bardh joj<:ln Chdtru c<:lltha."-dhana namdev. prdtIhar. "-bher a kabir. See~. 2 See~. &it!' [chdd] Skt ~ vr cover, hide, conceal. 2 n &tffiT [chdpna] See ~. covering, curtain. 3 scabbard, sheath. 4 feather. iil/Uf [chdpdyl See iifuor. S leaf. &flRf [chapar], ~ [chapra] n dilapidated house; S"t:!"H [Chdddffi] Skt TI"~11 n fraud, trick. thatched hut. "bajh thunia chdpra thamIa." 2 deception. "Iha nd cdI Sdtru ko Chdd<:lffi." -asa m 5. See itJ}f tfwffi. -GPS. 3 disguise. "apI apu kio chadam." &tJfu [ChdpdrI] in the thatched hut. "kIC<:lrU jhdtI l;'igha IE ChdPdrI tut mehu?"-s farid. 'in -saveye ~ 4 ke. 4 pretext, stratagem. ire1H [chddam] n one fourth of a pice. A pice the decrepit and diseased human body.' has twenty-four t!TH [dams]. St(g [chdPdru] See 5tRf. [chdd;'ib] bayleaf. See 3t=Itrq. "kuldk tIIdk &:tr.f [chdpdr] n unlined pond. cdIddI su ch<:ld;'ib."-GPS. &:trfl:r [ch<:lpap] in the pond. "ChdPdrI natE S<:lgvi ifc'i [chdn] See S'"<!". mdlu Iae."-var majh m 4. iiffimit [chdnhdri] adj revelatory; bringing out 'S'tf;ft [chdpri] small pond, puddle. "kdIdr keri Chdpri aI ulthe hajh."-s farid. 'The world is a what is hidden. "Pdg neVdr chdnak chdnhdri." saline puddle; saints are swans.' -g5c;I kabir. 'A tinkle of the anklet brings out

~ [chdtrdbhagl demise ofa king. 2 disorder

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sn

iil.llif. 2 Ski ~ night. "uQug;m ;)k IE chapa si anpari hE."-$ekhar. ~ [chapau] n hiding, concealing. ~ [chapauDa] v hide, conceal. 2 publish. "dvanka chapae kaha? tan taiat hE."-52 Poets. ~ [chapakar] slyly, covertly. 2: Skt~ n that which lights the night with its rays; moon. ~ [chapacar] Skt~. which moves during the night, nocturnal. 2 thief. 3 animals like a boar, porcupine, etc. StfTOT [chapana] See ~. ~ [chapav] See~. "karyo chapav mahId chal thanyo."-GPS. irli.r [chapI] advfurtively, surreptitiously. "bal b~c chap I karat upava."-savEye sri mukl1Vak kem5. [chapEl See iil.llif. 2 See ~. ffitfw [chap~ja] fifty-six. iiP.fo [chappan] n fifty-six. iiftror [chappay] a prosodic metre; comprising six lines, it is called khatpad and chappay. There are three popular kinds of this metre. (l) The first four lines are in i'W' [rala], that is, each line has 24 matras with pauses after the eleventh and the subsequent thirteenth matras; the last two lines are in ullal metre, that is, each ofthe last two lines has 28 matras with pauses after the fifteenth and the subsequent thirteenth matras. It has 152 matras in all. Example: "drISatI dharat tamharan dahan agh pap pranasan, sabadsur balv~t kam aru krodh bInasan, lobh moh vas IkaraD sara!). jaCIk pratIpalaD, atamrat s~grahaD kahaD amrIt kal QhalaD,
S'tfT [chapa] See

satIguru kaly satIgur tIlaku satI lagE so pE tarE, gurujagat phIraD si ~grau raju jogu lahaDa karE." -savEYe m 2 ke. (2) First there is ~ [rala] and, the last two lines comprise a ~tJT [doha]-a couplet. It is called ralMsa. It has a total of 144 matras. Example: amIadrIsatI subh karE harE agh pap sakal mal, kam krodh aru lobh moh vas I karE sabhE bal, sada sukkhu manI vaSE dukkhu sasarahI khOVE, guru navnIdhI darIau janam ham kalakh dhoVE, su kahu tall guru sevIE ahInIsI sahIjIsubhaI, darsanI parsayE guru kE janam mara!). dukhu jaI."-SavEye m 2 ke. (3) The last ullal metre has 26 matras instead of 28 and the total number of matras is 148. With 26 matras is formed ullal by adding two laghu or one guru at the tail of ~ [dohaJ. There are two pauses each after the 13 th matra. Hence: "m~d karam naln kin jIn, nrIbhE rahIt s~sar nIt. or nrIbhE rahit s~sar so." On the basis of the number oflaghu guru matras, poets have distinguished many different kinds ofchappay. For this, See ~
~.

[chappar] See 5~. 51f [chab] elegance, beauty. See 5fu. 2 P ~ "F.fa' night. See 5fu 5. 5'a'Oit [chabki] n lizard. iiI1:r [chabI] Skt m n elegance, beauty. 2 brilliance, radiance. 3 See~. 4 Dg skin. S adv at night. "pahruara chabI coru na lagE." -asa m 1. 'He who keeps watch at night, is not harmed by the thieves. '1
IFeminine charm, like a thief, cannot harm a man who keeps a vigil over his mind.

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~

[chabisl, ~ [chabih] n twenty-six. ~ [chabil] A J{ n method. 2 way; path. 3 necessity. 4 place for drinking water. S typically, a stall where water is served to the thirsty travellers during the first ten days of the festival of Moharram. 6 chance to attack the enemy. ~ [chabila], S1fu;ft [chabili] adj splendid, handsome. "puu chE! chabila cha<;lI gavaIo."-var ran1 2 m 5. "sudar bacan tum sUD-ahu chabili!"-var ram 2 m 5. iih;r" [chabba] n a beautifying tuft of silk or gold lace. 2 a dome-like tasselled ornament for a child's head. 3 a dome-like ornament made of silk, gold or silver laces suspended from the centre of the canopy over Guru Granth Sahib. [chabbiJ, rt<:itJ [chabbih] See 5l'fh:1. iiPf [cham] n onom, sound of tinkling bells or of falling rain. 2 Skt6lJf adjforgiving, forbearing.

&n-fTQ"6'

[chamadhar] adjforgiving, clement. 2 n holder of earth; Sheshnag. 3 king.--scmama.

4 mountain.
IDi'QfaH<!1 [chamadharIsaD-i] n sustainer of the

SceJ1~.

[chamakDa], 5HCXi)T [chamakna] v fry in ghee, oil etc, sizzling sound produced by something when fried in boiling oil. See "5/-IC{r. ii:l1~ [chamka] n seasoning (of some dish); process of frying in ghee, etc. "dal urad ki chamak banai."-GPS. iiPf IDf [cham cham], iif)-f ~ [cham chamkar] n onom jingling sound, clang. "let bhavari cham chamkari."-NP. ~ [chamchar] Skt 2;-~ n that which moves or lives on land; mortal being, human being. ~ [chamchari] adjrelated to or concerning mortals; man's. See ~ and~. SH" [chama] See sl}-rT and fi:n-!r. 2 Skt ~r earth, land. SH'Rt [chamasi] n gold coin weighing six mash as'. 2 adj semestral. sn-rrdt [chamahi] six monthly salary or subsistence. See f5wtit. 2 semestral. ~ [chama car] moving on the earth; terrestrial 2 human being. See ~.

earth-king; his army; king's army.-sanama. n pardon, clemency. 2 act of giving pardon. iIDf [chamI] adjforgiving, clement. 2 concerning the earth.-scmama. ~ [chamI ISD-i] n master of the earthking; king's army.-scmama. ~ [chamIChari] concerning those who move on the earth; out of consideration for the forefathers. "Ik loki horu chamIchari brahmal;lu vatI pf<;lu khaI."-asa m 1. 'One ball (of cooked rice, barley, etc.) as a ritual offering to the gods and the other balls for the benefit or welfare of the forefathers.' See~. 2 See Ro. Ernl [chami] Skt wft adj forgiving, clement. "chami puraS ke kaj udara. nast hot jIm agni para."-GPs. 2 forgave, pardoned. "nahI jat chami."-krrsdn. iin-ft>w [chamia] adj forgiving, clement. IDj1:f [chcnnukh] n Kartikay, who has six faces. Slif [chay] n six. 2 annihilation. See ~ and~. Git [chayo] adj spread. 2 destroyed. "sadhan rakhkE satru chayo."--ckrrsan. iiffi" [char] n deception, pretence. "rrkha parukha char amarkha."-NP. 'jealousy, bluntness, deception and rage.' 2 See 5'07)1". iifij'"ffif [charhar] adj lacerating, wounding. "charhar ;')g;')."-ramav. 2 agile, smart nimble. iiiI:JlRlT [charhara], ~[charharo] adj lively, active. "chE! charharo jvan."-carrtr 223. 2 lean, slim. iiiQ3T [charta] n deception. 2 adj who tricks. "charta matI ko lakh caturta."--GPs. ~ [charad] Skt ~ vr vomit. 2 n vomiting.
IDf11.fi'i [chamapan] Skt mfTlI"o
See~.

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sID
"purhut sabha dutI lin chari."-NP.

'iiRI'fu [charadI] Skt Glf\:f. vomiting. 'Vomiting is

caused by the excess of bodily humours like wind and bile, from eating dirty eatables, due to indigestion and on seeing or smelling abominable things. Women suffer from it after becoming pregnant. The best remedy to cur<:~ vomiting is to (I) Take 6 masha~ of undried bark of the neem tree, melia ezadirachta, seven small cardamoms, one clove, six mashas a f mint and six masas of aniseed. Levigate all these ingredients in two chataks of water. Mix sugar crystals in this liquid and administer a doze of two tolas to the patient several times a day. (2) Rub bazaar or sea coconut in the distillate of aniseed and make the patient lick it. (3) Take seeds of small cardamom, althea rose, cyperus pertenuis, kernel ofjujube berries, long pepper (piper longum), white sandal, paddy-pops, cloves, mesua roxburghi flowers in equal quantity by weight. Grind these ingredients to powder. Make the patient take this powder with honey and sugar crystals. (4) Make an unused earthen pitcher lid red hot in fire and slake it in water five times. Give this water to the patient to drink. (5) Make the patient smell odorous things. (6) Keep the clean patient's body along with the house and his clothes etc. iiRfc'i" [charan], 5Oc'JT [chama] v thresh, pound. "tuh musaL~hI charaIa."-foc;fi m 5" "'pir mir sIdh darap charan ko."-NP. "cavar jyc' ran maru chare hE."-knsCln. 2 deceiv swindle. 3 give up, leave. "tIsu pachE bacre chana."--sodClru. ~ [char-ra] n ~n that which, coming out of the gun, kills a deer; a lead pellet (which is fired from the gun); a shot. ~ ~ [char-ra chaQQl)a] xa urinate. ~ [charaIa], sfu!r [chana] See 5Oc'JT. "Sful:;rr [chanya] See ~.
1 ;:,

&Rft [chari] n stick, cane. 2 also used for chali.

sm>w [charia], 6iOltTif [charidar], ~ [chariyaJ

mace bearer, gatekeeper. "kISU na charia kou hatavE."-GV 1 O. 2 staff-bearer; office-incharge of a police station. "STV so charia phun rakhat koi."-knscm. 3 swindler, cheat. iiRrit [charyo] deceived, swindled. "chal s6 ju charyo hc."-krISCln. 2 See 5Oc'JT. ~ [chal] Skt n concealing reality by deceptively showing some other thing or aspect. 2 deceit, fraud. 3 Per Nyay philosophy, through logic or jest, giving an opposite meaning to what is intended. Its apt example is thus, "Two more bodies are expected to attend our meeting", and in response the other says, "Even a single body can bring trouble, iftwo come, then there will be a disaster". 4 gangrene. "ghav sugam lage hUI jivan, chal te bacc TId pran ndsaI." -GPS. 5 adj deceptive, specious. "chal bapuri Ih bula Qarpr."-maru m 5. ~ [chalak] n splash, slosh. 2 splatter produced by the breaking ofa wave. 3 Skt adj deceptive, specious. 4 In Punjabi, this word is also used for f?alak, a salvo or barrage of guns. See~. ~ [chalc1udr] n trickery, fraud. "tab chalchIdra lagat bhu kis?"-sukhm,mi. ~ [chalch;:id] n intrigue, skulduggery. S(i5'i'i [chalan] Skt n deceit, trickery, fraud. Sl?i')T [chalna] v deceive, mislead. "chalIo balI bavan bhaIo."-savEye mIke. s('l)i')Idi fo [chalnaganI] n deceitful female snake; i.e. the material world. "chaInaganI SIU meri tutanI hoi."-prabha am 5. 6ffii'l't [chaIni] adj female deceiver. 2 See tJTMC'l1. iifl?Tar [chalag] n jump, leap, gambol, frisk. ~ [chaIar], 5ffi'i2T [chalfda] adj deceitful, dissembling, fraudulent. [chaIi] adjdeceitful, hypocritical. 2 n blister skin, hide. "chali barl)is;:i."-kdlki. i.e., 'hide of

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a large elephant. 3 See iifffi. ~ [chaHal adj deceitful, hypocritical. 6ffi'it [chaloti] n cd-oti, women's sheet or o<;lhni, headgear. sffi!t fJk<ft [chaloti sIttl)i], 6ffiiT ~ [chaloti lahur:li] v give up the sheet. i.e., throwaway husband's sheet from one's head. See tfTtO ~. 2 donate, at some holy place, like Pahoa, the sheet of one's head after one's husband's death. Hindu women follow this practice. ~ [chal;'igi] adjjumping. leaping. "uchle chal chal;'igi."-kiJlki. ~ [chall] n See ~ 1-2. 2 strong wave that breaks after striking against the shores. Breaker. iiw [chaHa] plain or gemless fingerring. [chalh] Pkt a peel. [challi] n maizecob, corncob. 2 screwpine's flower. 3 yarn's hank or skein of the size ofa corn-cob. ~er [chavaul)a] v provide roof; shade. "kapahI chanI chavai ho?"-sor namdev. ~ [chavI] See erra-. ~ [chavhi] See M. W' [char] thin and long bar of wood or metal. 2 staff of a flag, having metal caps at both ends. 3 hoof ofa quadruped. "dhur utaha ghali chari tur;'igma. "-cae:;fi 3. 4 leg of a quadruped. S kick by a quadruped. 6 See ~. &i;fOT [charna] v thresh; dash dowil. 2 separate. 3 beat or pound paddy or barley for husking. iifflT [chara] Skt ~ adj single; without a partner. 2 unmarried male, bachelor. ~ [chanal] Dg n sleeved lance. See W'. s:ft [chari] feminine of chara. 2 n stick. 3 flag of Gugga, the serpent god. 4 in Kashmir, Amarnath and Kullu, the flag of Manmahesh is called chari which the pilgrims follow. s:ft ~ [chari asvari] n simple departure; departure without pomp and show. "gamne prabhu asvari chari."-GPS.

m m-

[charia] adj who threshes. See s;RiT. 2 n mace bearer; staff bearer. ~ [charidar], Iidlsd'd [charibardar] n staff-bearer, doorkeeper. "charidar darvan khalira."-BG. jgT [cha] Skt n young one ofan animal. 2 mercury. 3 adj who pierces. sf [eha], ~ [chau], ri' [chau] n shade. "pahIlode jar ;'idan j;'imE ta upan hOVE chau." -var mala m 1. 2 shelter, refuge, protection. "saglIa teri chau."-keda m 5. "sabhna jia Ika chau."-var sri m 1. 3 reflection, image. ~ [ehaul)a] v roof over; shade. 2 be spread over, cover. "khInu purabI khInu pachamI chae."-asa c11at m 4. 3 cover, wrap. "unavI ghan chae barasu subhae."-tukha barahmaha. ~ [ehaul)i] See ~. ~ [ehaur] See ~. 2 shade, shadow. ~ [chaI] See ~ and '5"fuw. 2 adv having covered. 3 having spread over. ~ [chaIa] Skt iii'W n shade, which cuts off the sunlight. "trIl) ki aganI megh ki chaIa."-toe:;fi m 5. 2 protection, shelter. "chaIa prabhI chatrapatI kini."-suhi chat m 5. 3 nescience. "hau VICI maIa hau VICI chaIa."-var asa. "chaIa chuchi jagat bhulana."-oakar. 4 reflection, image. i.e. human soul. "ape maIa ape chaIa."-majh a m 3. S effect, after-effect. "jo pa<;lhkar updes batavE. ap nahi subh karam kamavE. tIS ki chaya parahI na kIS PE."-GPs. 6 consort of the sun. There is a story in Mahabharat that Sangya, the daughter of Vishavkarma, was married to the sun. Unable to bear the radiance of the sun, she went away, leaving behind her a woman named Chhaya who looked like her. The sun begot two sons, Savaran and Shanaishchar from Chhaya. "dInpatI jabE tras upjayo, chaya sac vntat batayo,

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turndara garnni pIt or, rnujh ko gai rakh IS thJr."-GPS. See Ffur:nr. 7 possession by an evil spirit. "bhev lakho kI pari tfh chaya."-NP. 8 radiance, lustre, glory. 9 analogy, example. 10 faint glimpse of the theme of a book or writing. 11 This word has also been used for5"~f [char] (ashes). "nfdak ke rnukhI chaIa."-sor ill 5. 12 adj wrapped covered. "gahc;lar-ra trIDI chaIa."-var illaru 2 ill 5. 13 roofed. "uce rnadar sOdar chaIa."-g,:}u ill .5. 14 extended, widespread. "arnrIt jalu chan puran saju karaIa."-suhi ch~t ill 5. ~ [chaIakar] n sun. See iifll:iJTCilQ. 2 moon. ~ [chaIl] n printed sheet of cloth. "kahe chipahu chaIlE ram na lavahu dtu?"-s k,:}bir. [chai] n shade, shadow. "jIU badar ki chai."-g,:}u ill 9. 2 reflec:;tiol1, image. "mukar rnahI jEse chai."-dh,:}na ill 9. 3 ashes. "SIrI chai pai."-var asa. "rnukhI nfdak kE chai." -sor ill 5. 4 ash, dust. "jab khfcE tab chai." -sar ch~t ill 5. 5 stain, dirt. "lathi sabh chai." -var b,:}s~t. 6 adj spread out, extended. "kiratI jag chai."-GPS. &Mfu.rrEt [chairnai], ~ [chairnai] slhadowlike; i.e., vanishing like a shadow; flle,eting. "kaha su pan taboli harrna hoia chaimai." -asa ,:} ill 1. 2 Skt ~ perishable. iPtI' [chah] n buttermilk. "dhau1e dIssanI chah duddh."-BG. 2 shade, shadow. 3 reflection, image. stu [chah] n shade. "chvE na sake tIll. chah ko."-VN. 2 reflection, image. 3 protection. 4 refuge, shelter. "h5 jfh basat bah ki chahi." -c':}rItr 78. 'in the shetler of the arms.' [chahI] See 5lU. srtit [chahi] shade. "jIU badar ki chahi. "--sar ill 9. 2 reflection, shadow. ~ [cMhi] See stu.

n satiation. 2 intoxication, inebriation. 3 S strength. [chakI] adv having eaten. "chakI sudha balvan bhae."-saloh. 2 having adorned one self. war [chag] Skt n ram. 2 billy goat. See ~. sTar [chag] n lopped offa branch ofa tree; cutting. ~ [chagDa], ~ [chagna] v lop offbranches of a tree; prune. iil"iJI'a' [chagar], ~ [chagal] n goat's fleece. 2 water bag (made of goat-skin). "chagal huti su khane tir."-GPS. jil1dl<Slijo [Chagvahan] Skt n that has a billy goat as its vehicle; Agni - the fire god. starr [chaga] adj having six fingers. S'dft [chagi] Skt nanny goat. i:'iir [chach] Skt ~ n sour buttermilk. "chach kesi chatraner."-,:}kal. ~ [chachkarnni] one fond of buttermilk - an epithet of goddess Sheetla. "chachkarnni ki puja hIt."-CarItr 337. srfs' [chachI] to butter milk. See 51'5". 2 worthless. "chachI piE sasaru."-s kdbir. 3 worldly pleasures. "kIU rnetEgo chachI tIhari?"-sor k,:}bir. m [chachi] a famous subcaste of Kohli Khatris, living in district Gujranwala. This name has stuck to them on account of their first settling in the Chhachh region. See 55. SardarTahil Singh and his sons Jassa Singh, Sher Singh, and Fateh Singh etc were warriors ofthis family who, jointly with Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his father, conquered several territories. 'iil"R [chaj] See 511. 2 decoration, embellishment. "sabh chaj su saj die."-krISdn. jil'HOleo [chajkar,m] See ~. &:'tfOT [chajna] v be elegant, be graceful. &rW [chaja] See 6h=r". 2 leaf of a carrot plant etc. 3 thatch; thatched hut. 4 adj decorated,
iirCf [chak]

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graceful. "tinI bhavan par chaja."-bIla kabir. house. ~ [chadak] adj enveloping, covering. &:iGor [chatna] v separate, pick. "kabahu nd sakE 2 roofer, thatcher. 3 in Shastarnammala some chatI."-sar m 5. 2 cut, pare. iJiGr [chata] n whip made of fine straps of amateur writer has used chadak fur chedak. "nam Cdram ke pntham kahI chadak bahur leather. sifG [chatI] adv having picked or chosen. bakhan." 'leather or shield-piercer, arrow.' S't:c'i [chadan] Skt n cover, lid. 2 curtain, "kIlbIkh kaqhe hE chatI."-mala m 5. screen. 3 clothing. "chadan bhojan ki asa." ~ [chaqna] v give up, leave, rewJUnce. [chaqI] having given up. "chaqI sIanap -var majh m I. 4 leaf. 5 feather. bahu caturai."-bavan. 2 imperative-ofchaqDa; ~ [chada] n portion, share, disbursed amount. give up. "chaqI manhanbImukhankosagu." ~ [chadog], ~ [chadogy] Skt ~. -sar m 5. an Upanishad from Samved. 2 Brahman N [chaqE] giving up; renouncing. "tEse satjana portion of Samved, the first two sections of ramnam na chaqE."-basat namdev. which comprise rituals concerning marriage, N [chaqE] shakes violently. See ~. etc and the other eight sections comprise Upanishad of which very fine exposition has ~ [chaDas] n bran, chaff, husk. been written by Shankracharya. The chadogy ii1'<!7)T [chaDna] v pass through a sieve, sift something so that fine particles fall down but upnI1?ad contains the exposition of En? ( "if ), crude matter stays back. "chaDi khaku bIbhut the performance ofoblation and a description carai."-maru am I. 2 separate, select. 3 search ofspirituality. &:"(") [chan] See ~. 2 See 5"'"fo. 3 S deceit, through, investigate. dissembling. ~ [chaDni] See ~. N [chaDI] having sifted or picked. "dusat 'ii:"'Oit (~hanDi] n sieve. ii:"'i"i"i'i [channa] See ~. dut han kaqhe chaDI."-bIla m 5. ~ [chanbin] close search, deep cogitation; G'3" [chat] n roof. "Cdhu dar par kar kar Ik chat." discrimination between truth and falsehood. -GPs. 2 Skt adj lean, frail. iil13'" [chata] n umbrella, gamp. jiTj'jT [chana] Skt ~~. adj hidden, esoteric, 'iilT3t [chati] n chest, thorax. "chati sital man recondite. "soi ajaDu kahE mE jana, janaDharu sukhi. "-bav;;m. na chana re."l-asa m 5. &rfo [cham] n thatch, thatched hut, house S'TSli~ [chatibojh] n dyspepsia; indigestion. covered with thatch. "tnsna chanI pari dhar 2 clogging ofbronchioles with phlegm; pulmonary upan."-gau kabir. "kapahI chanI chavai congestion. "chatibojh hot dukh bhara."-NP. ho?"-sor namdev. 2 adv having sifted. 'Pulmonary congestion is like egotism. ' 'iir'Ol [chani] adj hidden, esoteric, recondite. ~ [chatr] Skt n .student. 2 honey; that comes "rahE na kachuE chani."-sor m 5. from a comb. 3 adj ofKshatriyas. "juddh karyo karkE dhram chatra."-krIsan. 'because ofthe ~ [chap] n impression, stamp, imprint. duty of a chatri.. "satIgun kandini dhur ki chap."-asa am 5. 2 a ring with letters engraved on it; a signet ring. ~fa" [chatravnttI] n scholarship; amount 3 mark, sign. 4 nome de plume; as "goya" is fixed as a scholar's livelihood. 13~ ~ill lihIIJl1fCt"lHlctl'{ i;;avasy. ~ [chatra1?ram], ~ [chatralay] n boarding

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the pseudonym ofBhai Nand Lal. 5 trade mark. all, Bhai Hiranand printed, in type letters, Guru ~ [chapen).l See ~. 2 hide" lurk, disappear. Granth Sahib in five short-sized volumes, in 3 die. "bahurI janam na chapaI).."-dh~.nam 5. Sammat Nanakshahi 420. 1 The Gurmukhi type SItfC!T [chapD-al, 5'tfi'iT [chapnal v print, imprint, is now available in several attractive fonts and engraved letters upon something. 2 mark a its various foundries can be seen in Punjab. 4 act of printing. 5 nightmare. "sabh jag dabIa textile fabric with decorative figures in colours. S'tf [chaparl See ritr. chapE."-mala a m 1. See ~Cl"IW. 6 act of 6PtRIl [chapril n thatched hut; shack.. "bhali branding human body with marks of conchsuhavi chapri ja mahI gun gae."-suhi m 5. shell, wheel, etc symbols of Vishnu. "bhavE jaI dvanka dagadh deh karE chapa."-52 2 a village, under police station Sarhali in tehsil Poets. Tarn Taran of district Amritsar, where Guru Arjan Dev stayed in the hut of his devotee ~ [chabra], grar [chaba] n pan ofa weighing scale. "jIhba Q;'}QiIh ghatu chaba."-maru m named Hema and recited the above hymn. 1. 2 small, shallow basket. Guru Angad; Guru Amar Das and Guru Hargobind also visited this place. Fourteen S1H [cham] n shadow, shade. "han ke nam ki tum upan cham."-sukhmani. 2 protection, acres of land is owned by it in Khanchhapri, patronage. "halatI palan jaki sad cham."-bhEr Khanrajada and Chakk Mahira viIilages. m5. Chhapri is ten miles to the north-west of Tarn ~ [chamni] shade. "Ih bIrakh chamni." Taran railway station. ~ [chaparul See iifuo. "chaparu badhI savan:: -ram m 5 partal. 2 See ~. 'iil"'tiRi5" [chayall See M~. tnI). ko."-sar m 5. &fItIT [chapa] n pruned thorny bough. 2 surprise SIliIT [chayal See 'S'TfuntT. attack on the sleeping enemy during the night- ~ [chayakar] n sun. "lakhechEl chayakare time. "marl': chapa rat ko j;'}gal me se aI.'''--PP. tej laj;'}."-VN. 2 large umbrella. 3 tree. 3 art of printing; printing press. First of all lThe following handbill was issued by the office of Sri printing was started by the Chinese. Then, Darbar Sahib, Amritsar, regarding these volumes, on the between I420 to 1438 AD, scholars of Holland 51h of the bright fortnight of the month of the Chet, and Germany gave it a boost. In Englland, it Sammat 1945, Nanak Shahi 420: "Through this handbill became popular in 1474 AD. In India, the it is brought to the notice of the public that no one Portuguese set up a printing press, in the should get these volumes bound together in one cover; seventeenth century, in Goa. In Punjab, the whosoever does so, shall be showing discourtesy to Sri first printing press was set up at Lahore, in Guru Granth Sahib and shall be considered, in this world 1849 AD. The printing press has been and the next, a transgressor in the eyes of the Divine changing with the passage oftime. These days, and, according to various sections of the criminal cast in type foundry, very beautiful letters of procedure code, shall be answerable to the government Signed:' various shapes are available. The Gurrnukhi and the Khalsa. Sardar Man Singh Sahib, C.LE., Sardar Bahadur, type was first of all made by the missionaries ofLudhiana. Thereafter in 1887 symmetrical Major Rasaldar, Honorary Magistrate, Manager of letters were got cast by Bhai Hiranand Gurdwaras, Sri Amritsar, President, Singh Sabha, Sri Amritsar. Marwaha Khatri, resident of Lahore. First of

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11ffiJc;rr. [chayadan], ~ [chayatr] per Hindu faith, a kind of offering, in which the offerer looks at his own reflection in melted ghee contained in a bronze bowl. He puts some gold, pearls etc in the ghee and offers the said bowl to a Brahman. It is believed that the adverse effect of the planets is mitigated by such an offering. See !or. ~ [chayapurakh], ~ [chayapuru~] It is mentioned in the Yogapradipika that Shiv told Parvati that a person who stares at his own shadow, formed on the earth, attentively every day, can espy his own reflection in the sky. The said reflection in the sky, is called Chhayapurush. Ifthe head ofthe Chhayapurush is not visible, the said person dies within six months. Ifthe feet are not visible his wife dies and ifhis hands are not visible his brother dies. If the face of the Chhayapurush appears to be hazy the said person contracts some illness, etc. 2 one who shadows others; detective. ~ [chayayatr] n a contraption showing time by its shadow; sundial. See usl 'ii"a" [char] or S"'2 [charu] n alkali. 2 salt. 3 borax. 4 carbon of soda; sodium carbonate. S ashes. "SIn bhi phIrI paVE charu."-var kan m 4. 6 dust. "chacha! charu hot tere sata."-bavan. 7 jump, leap. "mar char ga aganI majhara."-NP. 8 shade. "ultat jat buakh ki charahu."-saveye sri mukhvak m 5. 'iil"'6'g [charahu] shade-like. See ~ 8. 'ii'OC{ [charak] adj which incinerates. 2 n ~. n dried date. &lQ eft y~ [char ki putri], SO" ott ~ [char ki putli] clay doll; i.e., human body. "char ki putri pararngatI pai."-bawm. iiI'ij3T [charta] n alkalinity. "lavan charta sagar rnahi." -saloh. &rQT [chara] See ~ 6. "hau carankarnal pag
if"liI"t!"'O

S'lii'cllfua1 [chayagrahIJ).i] See

chara."-suhi eMt m 5.2 Skt F.RJT a species of crow. "Ill malali gidda]:' chara."-BG. 'The kite, the turdus macrourus, the jackal and the crow; their voice or sight is regarded inauspicious by the superstitious people. ' S"9 [charu] See ~ 5-6. ~ [chal] Skt rind, peel, bark of a tree. 2 Skt ~. jump, gambol. "sabhna chala rnaria."-var asa. iifT1?O [chalan] Skt ~. n washing. 2 rinsing of a dirty garment in water. iir"l'5'i'ft [chalni] See ~ and iiffiO't. 'iil"W [chala] n rind, peel, bark ofa tree. 2 blister. 3 skin, fleece. "rnngchala par bEthe kabir." --bher kabir. 'STl'ft [Lhali] n cut betel nut, split groundnut. ~ [chav], ~ [chav] n shade, shadow. "dhup chav je sarnkan sahE."-var ram 1 m 1. See
lJl..f~.

n row of thatched huts, category of hutments. 2 cantonment (for troops). In olden times thatched huts were raised to house the army and hence this name. 3 pervasiveness, ubiquity. "ghatI ghatI lalanchavniniki."-mala m 5 partal. ~ [chavar] n sacrificial offering; offering of one's head. "kine hajar chavar."-ramav. ~ [chavaJ).] P ()liv n canopy. "sahaj chavaJ).."-saveye m 4 ke. 'is the canopy of knowledge.' "rnIhar chavaJ).Ia."-var mala m 5.2 shade of salvadora oleoides tree. "satahu khet jarnaIa satahu chavaJ).."-var ram 3. See fujJd'H'fcla and J-I'MHifcla. ~ [chavo] Dg n son. See~. ft: [chI], f5r [chIa] six. "chIa darsan ki sojhi paI."-ram m 1. f5r ~ [chIa updes], f5r qJd' [chIa gur], f5r Ufd' [chIa ghar] "chIa ghar chIa gUT chIa updes."-sohIla. 'six Shastars, their six authors and the teachings contained in them.'

~ [chavni]

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1654. See ~ ~ cit. ~ [chracar] six and four; ten; ascetics of f&rcr [chrk] adj rigid, determined, strong. 2 n ten sects. "sanrasi chracar."-sidhgosdtr. See pull, attraction, tautness. "paje dut kite vasr -eR"7)I}f. chrke."-var gdU 1 m 4. 3 See~. f&:l?rH3t [chra jati] six holymen who had control ~ [chrkni] n sneeze-inducing material; over their passions, i.e. Hanuman, Bhishamsnuff. 2 a creeper, the juice of which, when pitamah, Lakshman (Lachhman), Bhairav, applied in the nostrils, prompts sneezing. Gorakh, Dattatrey. "chra jati mara ke bada." filfa' [chrkr] tightly, closely. "mE pale badha -bhT kdbir. "I am a celibate", this pride chrkr jiu."-sri m 5 ppar. enslaved even those who had controlled their ~ [chrkuli] n perforated muzzle fitted over passions. To be free from extramarital relations the mouth ofan animal to prevent it from eating is the mark of a jati; that is why Lachhman, crops, corn etc. or firom biting. who had a wife and children, is counted among ~ [chrkk] Skt ~ ~ sneezing. Ordinary them. sneezes result from chilli particles etc. getting f&p,r 't!"al1c') [chra darsan] See CfZJFRg: and into the nose, looking at the sun, insertion of a taper into the nostril, irritation in the nasal ~. glands etc, and they are not harmful at all. f&:l?r~ [chravartare] six IJimbs of the body that engage in all sorts of activities. They are Sneezing, resulting from the cerebral five sense-organs and consciencl;). "chra weakness, chronic coryza and the imbalance vdrtarevaratahr put."-varram 1 m 1. 'Saintly of wind and bile, is a sort of agonizing disease. persons use these six limbs, in a chaste way.' As cough is harmful to the lungs, sneezing is 2 six treatises of the Hindu philosophy. harmful to the brain. But sneezing, induced through medicines for explusion of cattarh, is fsnrrRo [chrsath] sixty-six. ~ [chrasi], ~ [chrasih] eighty-six. not harmful. The simple treatment for sneezing is to take ~ 'In [chrasi jun] Its source is chrasi hajar yojan. In the religious books ofthe Hindus snuff of mustard oil, almond oil, olive oil and the expanse ofthe earth is mentioned as eighty calabash-seed oil; to splash the head with lukewarm water and massage it with calabashsix thousand yojans. See ~fIl.Ifu" m~i3T, s 31. seed oil; to take easily digestible, brain-toning The meaning of 'wandering through eightydiet and protect the forehead from cold air. six reincarnations' is like wandering on the For this puropose, take three mashas of seeds whole ofthe earth. ~ [chrahat] See ~'. of quince fruit, five jujubes of rhammi:ts sisyphus, nine sebesten plums and boil all of ~ [chranve] Skt ~ ninety--six. ~ [chrali] forty-six. these ingredients in water. Strain this ~ [chrhattar] seventy-six. concoction, mix two tolas of sherbet of viola serpens and one tola ofthe sherbet ofcalabash ~ [chrharta] a large well on which six Persian wheels can work at the same time. It seeds in it and take it. Many auspicious and inauspicious effects is situated at a distance of four kohs to the ofsneezing have been mentioned in the books west of Amritsar near village WadaIi. Guru of Hindus. For instance, if sneeze occurs in Arjan Dev had got it constructed in Sammat
See~.

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the south-east, it causes grief; the one occurring in the south causes loss; if it occurs in the west, it brings gain ofsweetmeats; the one occurring in the north-west causes gain of food stuff, when it occurs in the north it causes quarrel and in the north-east it brings death, etc. See
0Tg;r H~ rdl'l13q.

Gurmat does not believe in the auspiciousness or inauspiciousness of sneezing. "bhakh subhakh VICar, na ChIkk manaIa."-BG. See
~.

[chIkka] See fJ:l'w. 2 See~. 3 See Eiftc;(r. ~ [ChIkkul] a black-eyed bird of prey that visits Punjab during winter and spends summer in the frontier mountains around Peshawar. It resembles a sparrow or a hawk but is greyish brown with a white head. While flying in the sky, at times it begins to quiver and sometimes it looks stationary. When it happens to see lizards, etc. it pounces upon them speedily. It is different from ~ [cuhmar] ('the mouse-bird'). No hunter tames it for hunting. fliar [chfg], ~ [chfD] n thin metallic needle or thin pointed piece of straw used for picking shreds of food pieces sticking between the teeth; toothpick. "ape jal ape de chfga."-var

&

[chIjI).al, ~ [chIjaI).u], fuFJor [chIjnal v in Sindhi chIjaI).U means 'to break' and in Sanskrit ~ayaI). means 'to be destroyed'. "nanak khetu na chIjai."-var guj 2 m 5. "Iku chIjahI bIa latariahI."-s fdrid. "kIt hi k~mI na ChIjiE ja hrrdE saca sOI."-sri ill 5. "tIn ka k~dhu na kab-hu chIjE. "-var gdU 1 ill 4. 2 adj loose, "je jaI).a laru chIjI).a pic;li pai g~c;lhI."-s fdrid. 'firn;p [ChIjral adj destructible, perishable. 2 loose. fii;:fo [chIj~t], fst:ffu" [chIj~tIl getting decayed, being destroyed. "chIj~t maM sOdri kaIa." -sdhdSill 5.2 causing decay, destruction. "nah chIj~tI tar~g toyaI).ah."-sdhdS m 5. 'Ocean currents do not destroy the world.'

fin:f-e;ft

[ChIj~dpl,

f5t:fBT

[chIj~dal,

f'5i:fm

bLha

ill

4.

~ [chIchra] butea frondosa. 2 leaf of this

plant.
adj bespattered. 2 n goddess Durga. Kali, who is besmirched with blood. ~ [chICWi] n thin pot-shred, which children throw to skip on the surface of water. "calavat hE ChIChli Iarka."-cJ(1i 1. fiiif [ChIcch] n splash, drop. See reef. "atI ucchal ChIcch tnkut chayo."-ramcJdnka. ~ [chIcchra] See ~. f&rt::r [chI j] See fst::ror. fiftr [cMil See fi5".

fifi:w [chfchla]

adjdestructible. 2 diminishing. "deh guru sajaI). jiu dharaIa." -var ram 2 ill 5.3 breakable. fi5" [chfjhl n wrestling arena. "hau bahurI chfjh na nacau."-sri m 5 pepaL. 2 wrestler's bout, wrestling match. 3 human ring formed around the wrestling pit. "sabh hoi chfjh Ikathia."-sri m 5 pepaL. tliG [chItl See ftk". firec;ro [chItkanl v sprinkle; spray scented saffron, roses etc. "vastra mana chItkaI janeti se cac;lhe."-surdj. 2 be freed, get liberated (from bondage). rs<:6l'el [chItkai] adv after getting rid of, after emancipation. "calIo gonI chItkai."-gau
chIj~dri uI).majhuI).a,

[ChIj~dil

kdbir.

[chItkael adv by spreading, by scattering. "IatchItkae tnia rOVE."-asa kdbir. fS<:Qlij [chItkar] n shower of drops. 2 sprinkling, act of spraying. "nam tera kesro Ie chItkare."-dhdna rdVLdas. 3 release, emancipation. fsccft [chItkil released, rescued. 2 sprinkled, sprayed.
fS<:QiE

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~ [chI tar], ~ [chItar], f'5<;fu- [cl:utarI]

adjblemished, bearing stains, stained. "vekhe! chItafI thivdo."-var maru 2 ill 5. fiiRft [chIti] n stick; small branch of a tree. twig. 2 bone, rib. "rasatal parIo ChIti chIti snbhan:."-sar m 5. 3 stick, cane. flk [chItt], fgzr [chItta] n drop, droplet. 2 drop of mud. 3 spark, ember. "loh ki chItt chutte." -ramav. 4 adj which blemishes:; which stigmatises. [chII:t] See ~ and fern. fsC!i!l'dld [chII:tbh;'igar] See fl;~. ft:o [ChIt] See fufo. f&starftr [chItpatac;ihI], f6st81~ [chJ:~patac;ihy] n army alongwith the king; army headed by the king; an army whose motivator is the king himself.-s;mama. fli:3trfo [chItpatI] See f5futrt3". fis'a" [ChI tar] See ~. ~C!T [chItraUl)a] v give shoe-beating, humiliate. ~ [ChI tar], ~ [chI tal] n nourisher; sustainer of people on earth, the king. 2 sixbeat rhythm. ~ [chItala] adj who knows the six-beat rhythm. 2 landholder, farmer, agriculturist. 3 clever, shrewd, intelligent. "tejvan balvan chItala."-carItr 302.4 n song with six-beat rhythm. f&:fu" [chItI] Skt ~ n earth, land. 2: number denoting one, one. fsfd(')'tI [chItInath], fiirfol.rfu [clntIpatI], ~ [chItIpal], f'6SU:r [ChItiS], 'fuSJ:r [chItes] n sustainer of people on earth; rull~r ; lord of the earth. "chElrup chItInath."-gyan. "sun chItes! kas cfta thani."-NP. 2 Kshatria caste of the Hindus. "ram chItIpal par." -CPS. 'Parshu Ram dominated the Khatris.' ~ [chIt;'ikis] ~ + fuoftH destruction for twenty-one times. "kari chdtrahil),;~ chIt;'ikis

bar;'i."-paras. 'Parshu Ram cleared the earth of the Khatris twenty-one times.' ~ [chIttar] n f6i!B + ~ pair of footwear protecting one's feet from pebbles (gravel), thorns etc. scattered on the earth; shoes. 2 shoes without heels. fsErr [chItha], fg'"EfT [chIttha] adj abashed, ashamed, mortified. 2 fallen, apostate, degraded. 3 angry becaU'Se of shame. tli:"e" [chId] Skt fu'\ vr fragment, break into pieces, grip firmly, do violence. flit?' &t?' [chfd bhfd] Skt ~~T Mf.'~T; kill, destroy. "chfd bhfd bahu ghat praharahI." -NP. '(They) attack with weapons shouting "kill!". ' ~ [ChIdar] See f~. fsfu'e" [chIdn] Skt sword. 2 axe. 3 fire. ~ [chIdur] Skt adj who bores; who cuts. 2 n enemy, foe. firer [chIdda] adj having holes; rarefied not dense. ~ [ChI dr] Skt ~ vr bore, perforate or pierce earlobes. 2 n hole, perforation. 3 ditch, hole. 4 nine openings of human body like central nostril etc. "nave chIdr sravahI apavItra." -maru m 4. 5 defect, fault, blemish. "jIh prasad I tere sagal chIdr c;ihake."-sukhmclHi. "jau dekhE chIdr tau nfdak umahE."-brla m 5. "chal;'i chIdr;'i kOtI bIghan;'i."-sahas m 5. 6 wound, cut i.e. boil. "kaIa rag na chIdr kIChu."-sri am 5. 7 pores in the body. fs~edffl [chIdradarsi] Skt iTII:G~fi, adj finding fault with others. f&ffQfd'1ii [chfdhIbhfdhI] See fi;fe" &e-. fso' [chIn] Skt ~ n moment, instant, short duration. "chIn mahI rau r;'ik kau karai." -brha m 9. 2 See fsQ. f&fo [chfn] Skt ~ adj broken, fragmented, cut. See f'sQ. 'fs"o'q [chInak] See fuf'oor.

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biidh."-GJrItr 23. fID.ft [chImi] Skt ~ adj who pardons; cool3 be destroyed. ftio fifo [chfn bhfn] Skt ftF;:r f1:p;:r adj headed. unperturbed. "bhde cIlImi TIS khoI amputated, cut and separated. 2 ruined, vIsekhE."-GPS. devastated. f&rn:if [chImyo] pardoned. 2 tolerated. "son ~ [chInve],~ [chInv] ninety-six. gdYO tIn pas chImyo."-krrsan. "chInVE kdrori meghmala."-mala namdev. W [chIy] See~. W [cIuna] adj momentary. 2 penniless, 'f&re'aor .[chIrdkna] See ~. indigent. "so purkdrama na chIna."-maru ~ [chIrka] See fisorr. "vahguru kdhI solhe m 5. chIrka dino."-NP. 2 See~. flior [chfna] Skt fu;:;n n harlot; dancing girl. ~ [chIrkav] See ~. 2 adj torn, tattered. "cir sdbhI chfna." fireor [chIrna] See~. "ItyadIk kdbI ChIrE -var jEt. 3 a creeper plant used medicinally to prdsag."-GPS. cure certain fevers. 'f&rn'ro't [chIrani] initiated, started, broke out. fsora" [chmarl, ~ [chmal] Skt fEi<riT-orfu. 2 moved, walked. "gaI chIrani."-GPS. See fi:f?;T. prostitute, lecherous woman. "bdQi 'Cows went for grazing.' 'f&rl? [chIll, ~ [chIldk], 'F6rnw [chIlka] n chInar jdgdt me janIyat."-CarItr 14. blister, skin. Skt iiffi? ~ [chInIk] ~-~ momentary. ~ [chmu] See fcro, fti'o, firo and Mo. "chmu fsffi'iT [chIlna] v peel, skin. chInu tdnu chijE jdra janavE."-sor kabir. "kdha f&n;r [chIll] See nm-. 2 stud goat. bhaIO jdU tanu bhaIO chInu chInu?" ~ [chIlbr] See~. 2 xa rupee. -asa ravrdas. fiN [ChIvE] adv in the sixth stage. "ChIVE kamu fii!7l" [chfne] snatched, usurped. "dfne nIkar na pUChE jatI."-var majh m 1. chfne su dip."-braham. fir.rcrc!r [chIrdklJ.a], f6soror [chIrdkna] v sprinkle water, spray water, splash water-drops. ~ [chInek] for a moment. ~ [chIpbli], f6n.rctt. [ChIpki] n lizard; ~ [chIrka] n spraying, sprinkling. repti Ie that clings to the roof of a room. ~ [ChIrkau] n act of sprinkling (water). ~ [chIPlJ.a], f5Lror [chIpna] V hide, be lost ~ [chI rna] v start. 2 move, depart. 3 jump/ leap (of a horse). 4 feel irritated, fret. in meditation; get out of sight; set. ~ [chIpau], ~ [chIpav] n hideout, &IT [chi] n six. refuge. &IT 'F.I""ffiI [chi i}astrd] See ~. fsl;{ [chIprd] Sktmy- advquickly, immediately, iiftq [chik], gm- [chik] See ~. 2 See TIfu. &IT CffiH [chi kdrdm] See l:fZC'JH. instantaneously. iiftar [chika] n Skt ft:ror.;p-. basket suspended from fimo [chIIi-tan] n forgiveness, pardon. the roof for keeping food. "chike par teri bahut fsw [chIma] See G1W and f1:fw. Qith. "-basjt kabir. 'world of paradise.' 2 cup~ [chImahi] adjhalf-yearly, occurring once shaped net with strings for fastening over the in six-months; completing in six months. 2 after six-months. 3 n period of six months, a~imal's mouth. duration ofsix months. 4 salary or other income iiflfa' [chikI] adv by tightening. "mE chikI gathri badha."-sar m 5. contracted for six months. "ddi chImahi

~ [chIndl:lU] S v break. 2 decrease, reduce.

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6ft tr3t [chi jati] See fu'nrtrJt and

H~:ft.

iiftt.f [cl-tip] n hiding, refuge. "basE ghataghat lip

na chipE."-kan namdev. 2 print, symbol, sign. "kahe chipahu chaI1E?"--s kabir. 3 Skt f1ffi;q craft, handicraft, art. 4 act of beautifying and dyeing. 'iifu.@ [chipahu] See 6fttr 2. 'iifttrc!r [chipl).a], 6fttw [chipna] v print. See &fttr 3. &fttra' [chipro], iill..fT [chipa], efttit [chipi] Skt~ n calico printer. "aqh dam ko chipro hOIO ~. [chil).], tlo [chin] Skt Eil<!" adj weak, feeble. lakhil).a."-asa dl1ana. "namdea pritI 1agi han 2 thin, lean. 3 reduced, diminished. 4 dead. seti 10k chipa kahE bu1aI."-suhi m 4. 5 penniless, indigent. 6 adv slowly. "bin bajat &itO' [chipE] sets. See iiftt.f 1. chin."-ramav. 7 Some ignorant scribe has itt 'SJ:ffi:mi [chi bdx:;Hsa] See ~. written tlo [chin] instead oftfto [pin] - cantr ifurr [chipa], eill:rr [chiba] See iill..fT. "nama chiba 253. "deh chin te uth na sakat bhdyO" should kabir jolaha pure guru te gatI pai."-sri d m 3. be "deh pin te." 'becaus~: of fat body.' &fur [chir] Skt sfur n milk. 2 water. 'iilo 'lftHt [chit svami] a Vaishnavite devotee ifuJroJ'i [chirsamudra], Gftofl:fg [chirsfdhu], Iilaf(')fq [chirnIdhI], ~ [chiravadhI] n and poet, who is regarded as one among the eight eminent poets. He was a follower of ocean of milk. "chir kEsi chiravadhI."-akal. Vallabhacharya. Beautiful verses composed by &ft '"ai' [chi ruWi] See ~ and 'fag. him are still sung with fi:rvour. Chheet was ~ [chirodhja] Lachhmi - born from the rorn in 1567 AD. ocean of milk. &ft ~ [chi devta] See ~~ 1:fCc5r. 'iifum" [chilak] adj who peels. 2 n bark, husk, hull. "gol sa chilak janu jug ke1e."-GPS. &ITo [chin] See Eil<!" and cfto. 2 See Iiit~. iiitM7;T [chilna] v peel, remove or scrape off the ~ [chinkhare], ~ [chinkhdre] snatched and ran away. skin. ~ [chinl).a] v snatch, grab. ~ [chilar] n bark, husk. "chilar khan bIkhE 'iiitoa'r [chinta] Skt ~ n deficiency, loss. hIt dhari."-NP. 2 pond whose water is not 2 poverty, indigence. "dino jIn dan pun chinta too deep and dries up fast. 3 pit near a well, in which muddy water remains standing. uelot hE."-GPS. 3 leanness. 'iifloo'T [chin-na] See ~. &Wi [chiv] Dg ~. Skt~. See ~. 'iiih;T [china] for a moment, momentarily. &ft rn [chi vaje] See ~. "kahu na manIO man china."-lnla m 5. U [chuh] n touch. sense of touch. 2 scattered away, disappeared. "bajar ~ [chuhl).a], <J?i"'" [chuhna] v touch, come kutharu moh hE china. "-dhana namdev. into contact. 3 n a Jatt subcaste to which Bhai Bidhi ~ [chuhara] n dried Arabian date. "gari chuhare khadia."-asa am 1. See l:fT'd'CX. Chand belonged. &fifo [chinI] adv by snatching, by grabbing. ~ [chukti] got released, got liberated, became "parelhan chinI agIan hano hE."--saveye sri free. "guru satIguru pache chukti." -devm4. mukhvakm5. jobanu jarua SUI kal."-oakar. 2 decay, be destroyed. iift'G [clut] n drop, droplet. 2 painted calico, chintz. s9c: i i@ll')i [chitava1a] Mansoorpur is now popularly known as Chhitanwala because of good painted calico-work being done here. See

&ffi::ror [chijana] v diminish, get reduced. "chijE

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bondage, be free; ejaculate. [chukra] n boy, young lad, youngster. "chitan te chukran laravE."-GPS. ~ [chutpan] n smallness, insignificance. 2 frivolousness, meanness. [chUg] n group, band, gang. 2 ring to which small tinkling bells are attached. 3 See WCl'J<!T. 'i'c;r [chutar], 'm [chut<::lp] adj deserted, (woman). "jIu chut<::lp ghan ghan phIrE t~ [ChUgI:ta] v pull up, tuck, as in "pajama chGgIfa." . duhcaraIfI badnau."-var sor m 3. R~ [chuchUdri] See ~~. 'i'G"'i')T [chutana] was free, became liberated Wr: [chucch] adj unfilled, empty. "chucch kIkaIf." from bondage. 2 v have (a person) released. "calo beg tIh karahI chutana."-NP. -cJc;Ii 2.2 clean, pure, clear. 3 See W5 3. iG [chut] Skt W~ vr clip, break, cover. 'i'C'"ij' [chutar], '~ [chutara] n release, liberation, emancipation. "<::lh;'lbudhI b;'ldh<::ln ~ [chutkat] released. "chutkat bajarkapat." -g;)U ravIdas. 2 by separating, by renouncing. p<::lre nan<::lk namI chutar."-bavan. "anIk jat<::ln "chutkat hOI ravan:."-sar m 5. '0, Creator! a nahi hot chutara."-gau m 5. human being becomes useless when detached ~ [chutive] gets released. "tIn pIchE sabh from you.' jagat chutive."-var sri m 4. 'GQO [chutkan] n release, liberation. "asur jatan [chutera] smaller, very small. chutk;m ko kino."-saloh. [chutta.rl See ~. ~ [chutkaki] adj longing for liberation; tit [chutti] n departure. 2 liberation, release. wishing to be released. "kIV chutahI ham 'i'iJ" [chu<;l] Skt ~ vr pull out, hide, shelter. chutkaki."-dhana m 4. 'i'~(!T [chu<;lauIfa] v get released, have (a person) freed. ~ [chutkar], ~ [chutkara] n liberation, release, absence of bondage. "In te kahahu, 3' [chutl, W6" [chuth] n contagion, contamination. kavan chutkar."-sukhmani. "bIn hanbhajan 2 touch, contact. nahi chutkara."-ba van. '"ft:p,rT [chutthIi:l] by touching, by making contact. "hatthl kalakh chutthIa ;'ld<::lr kal<::lkh iGQI<;f(') [chutkavanI] for getting released, for lobh lubhae."-BG. being liberated, for attaining freedom. "ja pahI jau ap chutkavanI, te badhe bahu ph;'ldha."- we- [chud] Skt ~ vr grind, crush. gaukabir. 'i1i [chudra] Skt ~ adj trivial, insignificant. "kai rudr chudr sarup."-akal. 2 short. 3 mean, ~ [chutkIO] rescued, disappeared, went away. "bal chutkIo b;'ldhan pare."-s m 9. ignoble. 4 poor, indigent. 5 cruel, merciless. 'i"GCit [chutki] got released, separated, broke. 6 n broken rice. 7 thorn-apple. 8 fly. 9 mosquito. "jhuthE ki re jhuth paritI chutki."-dev m 1. ~ [chudragMta], ~ [chudragh;'ltIka1, 2 became free from bondage. "gur satIgur ~ [chudrapIth] n cord bearing tiny tinkling bells worn by male children around their waist. pachE chutki."-dev m 4. 3 went out ofcontrol. 2 string ofbells; an ornament with tiny tinkling ~ [chutk''it] gets released from bondage, becomes free. 2 spills out; flows. "amntbells worn round the ankles while dancing. pravah chutk;'lt sad dvar jIs."-savEye m 4 ke. ~ [chudra] Skt ~ n honeybee. 2 female acrobat. 3 prostitute. 4 raisin. ~ [chutkya] was released, disappeared. "bh<::lr<::lm s<::lbh chutkya."-savEye m 4 ke. ill [chudh] Skt &J;rr. vr feel hungry, feel like eating. See W. ~ [chutIfa], wzor [chutna] v be released from

tor

mr
tc;r

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[chudha] Skt ~ n desire to eat; hunger. ~ [chudhatur] adj agitated due to hunger, restless on being hungry. 'If [chudha] See ~. 2 Some ignorant scribe has put chudha instead of chuda in Gyan Parbodh. "chudha sClstrCldhara."-gyan. See
t.

[chup] Skt ~ vr touch, be in contact. See ~tr. 2 See cgtr. "hot bhClYO chup bhup mClhan."-G PS. ~ [chubh] See ~ and ij-g. ~ [chubhIt] adj angry, perturbed. O [churl Skt ~ vr clip, cut, break. 2 See ~. ~ [churkari] n knife. See i1~. "trIsul sudhari churkari."-rama v. i03' [churClt] disappear, go away. "lbhClgCltImCltI churClt nahi."-BGK. F [chura] n cutlass, long knifl~. "kur chura mutha murdaru."-sri m 1. 2 bl'ade, razor. 3 subcaste of Khatrlis. "bhclgtu chura vClkhal)ir."-BG. QW [churana], ~ [churavCln] v get liberated, get freed. "gop chura Ibo."-knsan. "durClg churaI chInIk mo IIjIyE. "--cClrTl'r 175. ~ [churIka], ~ [churi], ~ [churudhrClka] Skt ~ n kitchen knife. "churrka bIbek Ie hath."-parCls. "hathI churi jClgatkasai."-var asa. "chudrCl min churudhraka."--c5c;fi 2. 2 'Knives floating in the flow of blood look like tiny fish.' ~ [chulakl)a], ~ [chulakna] v peel off or remove husk from foodgrains; pound grains m 1. with threshing club in a mortar. F3' [chUtClt] is relieved, is liberated. ~ [chulchula] adj hollow, trivial. 2 cheap, Gi'l [chutCln], ~ [chutna] v be liberated, be released, be freed. "phasan ki bIdhI sClbhukou mean. ~ [chur;::lkna] v slip, drip, fall. "ethClhu janE, chut;::ln ki Iku koi. "-gClU kClbir. churkIa thClur nCl paI."-asa m 3. 2 break. WCO [chutar], wcfu [chutan] adj abandoned, "IIV churki lClgi tn sna."-<mad u. 3 be free from deserted. "ChUtClrI te guru ki-i suhagClnI." -sarm 5. "uthI sIdhaIo chutClrI mati." bondage, be released. 4 slip from the grip. -maru solhe m 5. 'When the soul departed, ;roil [churki] See ~ 4. "pCluri churki phUI
If

hathI nCl aVE."-bIla m 3. i [chu] n touch, contact, sense of touching. See !W. ~ [chuh;::ln] See ~. 2 See ~ and ~. ic:rfo [chuhClnI] ~-fu'it. See 'l;f~. "teis chuhClnI lEdClI sag."-knsCln. ~ [chUCClk] See ~. is [chuch] adj empty. 2 trivial, light. 3 a type of cress -medicinal seeds of lepidium stivum.Its fried dish is us~ful for eradicating psora. ~ [chuchClk] See 1J3CX. 2 ceremony performed on the sixth day from the birth of a child. 3 cane, twig. "khelCln me jiu tere, khaf chuchkan ko."-NP. is' [chucha] empty. "k;::lhu k;::lbir chucha ghClt bolE."--g5c;f. 2 trivial, inferior. "kClhI k;::lbir sClgle mCld chuche."-ram. 3 poor, indigent. ~ [chuchi] adj not full, that which just can not be filled. "chan chuchi j;::lg;::ltu bhulana." -oakar. 2 trivial, vain. 3 n small bowl used to keep ground material like sandalwood, saffron etc. 4 cup-like bowl. iG [chut] n sense of freedom from bondage. "pran jahIge chutI."-s kClbir. 'will be released.' 2 release, liberation. 3 attack, invasion, assault. "p;::lyopathbrchut."-PPP. 4 deficiency, scarcity. 5 unintentional omission in writing. 'iGfu [chutasI] will get relieved, will be released. "ChUtClSI mure! kClV;::ll)gul)i?"-maru

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the body was left like the deserted one.' WGW [chutla] adj loose, untied. "jEse gaI ka bacha chutla."-g5c;i namdev. ~ [chutar] See ~ and ~. wfG [chutI] on being released. ~3' [chut] n sense of touch, contact. 2 contamination, defilement caused by the contact of the impure. 3 contagion. ~ [che] See it and ~. 2 relational affix 'of'. "pure manas tIn che."-basat m 4. 'Their wishes were fulfilled.' 3 adv in, inside, within. "dharIo harI urche."-basat m 4. ihw [cheal adj decaying, vanishing. "chea nIt dekhahu jagI h;}Q.hI." -oakar. 2 n decay, deficiency, loss. 3 gap. 6ft)' [cheh] n perforation, fragmentation, destruction. 2 hole, aperture, opening. il~ [chek] n hole, aperture, bore, opening. "parIa kaleje cheku."~s kabir. "bera jarjara phute chek hajar."-s kabir. 2 condemnation, denigration. "chek chaQ.e chatri, kar kahG atr na dharyo."-Poets 52. 3 Skt domesticated bird. 4 adj shrewd. icr ~ [chek anupras] See ~. ~C!T [chekl).a], ~~ [chekna] v fragment. 2 condemn. 3 excommunicate. 4 bore. ~ [chekanupras] See fQl{'Ff (a). ~fu' [chekapanhutI] See ~ (t). ~ [~heku] See icr. ~ [chekoktI] (icr [chek]- intelligent, ~ [ukatI] - statement) a proverb spoken intelligently with its deep meaning in mind. "chek ukatI lokoktI ko sabhIpray bakhan."kavyprabhakar. Example: apradhi dUl).a nIVE jo h;}ta mIrgahI, SiSI nIVaIE kIa thiE ja rIdE kasudhe jahI?-var asa. dharI taraju toliE nIVE su gaura hoI. -var asa.

jan sujan mE pritI kari sahIkE jag ki bahu bhiit h;}sai, ty6 "harIc;}d" ju jo jo kahyo su karyo cup hVEkar kotI upai, sou nahi nIb-hi un s6 aru torat bar kachu nahI lai, sac bhai kahnavat ya arI! ud dukan ki phiki mIthai. m [cheja] n leaves of carrot etc. 2 See 'itw. 3 See 6fRr. ~3T [cheti] adv quickly, immediately. 2 n quickness. ~q [chetr] See ~q. "vIpra chetr ke mIl samudae. "-GPS. ~ [ched] Skt ft9<z vr clip, fragment. 2 n part, portion, fragment. 3 sense of piercing, fragmentation. "ched dIye jIn satru sabhE." -GPS. 4 destruction. 5 sign of separation. 6 aperture, hole. ~ [chedak] adjwhich cuts or bores. 2 divider. ~ [chedan] Skt n act of cutting, sense of sawing. "kIU chedE vnaiE?"-sIdhgosatI. ~ [chedniy] adj worth separating. m [chedI] by cutting, on cutting. "kaQ.hI kharagu gur gIanu karara bIkhu chedI chedI rasu pijE."-kdlr d m 4. ~ [chedy] adjworth cutting, fit for cutting. ~ [chedyte] is cut. "nanakromnachedyte." -sdhdS m 5. ~ [chedh] See ~t:. "bdQ.e bhupatI raje hE chedhe."-g5c;i brur. ~ [chedhe] were cut. See ~. t'i')T [chena] Skt n cottage cheese or panir prepared by curdling milk. ~1f [chep] Skt ~1f n distress, trouble. 2 vilification. 3 arrogance. "nanak lep chep na lIpyate."-sdhds m 5. 4 sending. 5 crossing, passing. 6 delay, lateness. ttm [chepak], ~~ [chepal).] See ~tm' and
~.

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cattle. 2 n herdman or cowherd, who drives a ki ta chln."-NP. herd of cattle out for grazing. ~ [chemoCIt] fit for salvation, suitable for t [chE] Dg n be, is ."dutar mala che."-dev m emancipation. "chemoclt kare klte."-NP. 5.2 six. See ~l::f. 3 decay, destruction. "satru t"1 [cher] n hole, perforation, aperture. bhae che."-salah. 2 teasing, vexing, annoyiing. "nar herke koi na ~ [cheharta] See ~ and ~ ~ oft. cher kare."-GPS. 3 herd of driven cattle. iC! [chEl:d adj decaying, vanishing, killing, destroying. "kulaccho). karm5."-gyan. 'a 4 group of persons forcibly brought from villages. In ancient times, rulers and chiefs misdeed that destroys a dynasty.' forcibly used to gather villagers to fight in tc!r [chEl).a] n cymbal, musical instrument made battles. "sabl.e apdes5 su cher;;) bulai."-GV of brass used while performing ~ [arti] 10. (hymn of praise) in temples. 2 See~. iw [chera] 11 young male of a goat or a sheep, ~ [chmi] n chisel; graver; small tool used he-goat. "chera sakar kacaru lyae."-carItr24. for cutting stone and iron. 'brought a he-goat, sugar and kacalus (esculent to [chm] See~. 2 See~. "kahii chm tuIT tuberous roots).' nagare mndagr."-carItr 405. [chen], -gm [cheri] n goat; she-goat. See tOT [chma] See ~(!T. 2 v decay, wear out. mw.2See~. 3 dominate, prevail upon, spread. [cheri] in the holes, inside the perforations. to't [chmi] See m. "kat oth dae jIm loh ko "cheribharme mukatI nahoI."-b:rla m 1 th:rti. chmi."-c.3c;li 1. 2 adj which destroys, puts an end to. "cheni satrun."-salah. 'The bird does not free itself by just striking against the holes,' i.e. no liberation comes IDJl:f [chemukh] n Kharanan, son of Shiv who through dissimulations. had six faces; Kartikey. "chemukh devan ko senani."-salah. ~ [chell, ~ [chelak], ~ [chela] Skt ~ n young male of a goat or a sheep" "'kudam kare tw [cheya] adj who destroys. 2 spreading, gaqar jlu chel."-ram m 5.2 he-goat. prevailing. 3 n child, lad. ~ [chellka], itffi [cheli] Skt ~~ffiT n she- ~ [chEl] adj graceful, beautiful, handsome, goat, young she-goat. elegant, comely. "ae bankE chd bul;'id."-GPS. R [chev] 11 hole. 2 stroke, blow, hit, knock. 2 fop, dandy. 3 adorned, decorated. 4 n 3 wound, cut, deep injury. handsome youngman. "chEl 15gh5de pan gori m<:Jnu dhina." -asa farid. Here ch:::lstands for ~ [cheval n separation mark; sign used for a virtuous and pious person, equipped with all parsing. 2 adjsixth. "p5j tatu kan Itudhu snsatI qualities. sabh saji, koi cheva kanu jI kIchukita hove." -suhim 4. i'5 'ii"dtw [chEl chabila] adj beautiful and [cher] See ~ 3. 2 teasing. graceful, adorned and beautiful, young and graceful. "pIfU chEl chabila chac:lI gavalo." ~ [cherkhani] act of teasing" provocation. ~ [cheral:m], ~ [cherna] v touch. 2 goad, -val' ram 2 m 5. motivate. 3 begin work. 4 provoke, instigate. hfo [chElam], ~m [chdi] adjfeminine ofchEl; beautiful woman. "chalrupi chdi sada chaki S annoy. rn [cheri], ~ [cheru] ad; engaged in grazing rahIt ChltI maln."-carItr 70.

iJ..r [chern] See fu-r and ifH. "bujhkE chern sarir

m rn

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~ [chElu] See ~. ~ [choh] Dg n anger, ire, wrath. Skt~. "S;:lCU

kdhE ta choho aVE."-var ram 2 m 5.2 mercy, kindness. 3 attachment, affection. 4 touch, contagion, contamination. ~ [chohd.!).] Skt~. being angry. 2 touching. irufo [chohdnI], iruot [chohni] See 1;f~. "chohdnI bhdi d~tddS dni."~GPS. 'Eighteen megaunits of army gathered there.' ~ [chohdrl, ~ [chohra], ~ [chohdrI], ~ [chohri] n young lad, boy, girl, young girl. "s5tjdna ka chohra tIsu cdrl).i lagI."-bIla m 5. "chdcha chohre das tumare."-bavan. "ghdr Vdru sdhdjU nd jal).E chohdrI."-maru solhe m 1. 'in a state of ignorance.' ~ [chohaIa] became irate, got angry. "SdtI sundt chohaIa."-asa m 5. ~ [chohara] See~. ~ [chohIO] got angry, became irate. "kdVdn cIhdn sunI UPdrI chohIo."-maru m 5. iitit [chohi] adj angry, irate. ~ [chohd touches. 2 gets furious, becomes angry. ~ [chok] See RCif. 2 excommunicated. ostracised. "bIddr dasisut chok chohra krISdnU 5k gdlI lavEgo."-kan am 4. ~ [chokral, ~ [chokri] young child. See
~-~.

~ [chochi] adj hollow, empty. 2 trivial, worthless. "chocha IS da mulu." -var sri m 3. "chochi ndli t5tu ndhI nIksE." -gao kabir. See (J]'"fI(W. iiG [chot] liberation, release. 2 partial exemption from the recovery of a loan. 3 exemption in paying land rev~nue in ancient times but one had to serve the state in lieu of it. For example, if a landowner had to pay revenue of one lakh rupees, the state would grant him exemption ofRs. 250001- or less or more. The beneficiary was to serve the state by arranging an

isr [chocha],

appropriate army. He was responsible for maintaining law and order in his territory. 1 4 adjyounger. "chot bhatijldkhe kdrkE."--krISdn. [chotdar] See ~ 3. ik'r [chota] adj younger in age or shorter in height. 2 shallow, trivial. 3 Skt mrtTrrf n power, strength, bravery. "kot na ot nd kos na chota." -savE'ye sri mukl1Vak m 5. ik'r ~ [chota dkhara] See ~. irGT ~ [chota nankIana] See W"a'r". 2 In Sialkot district, tehsil and police station Daska, there is a village Sioke by name. Half a mile to the south-west of it is a sacred place called Chhota Nankiana in memory of Guru Nanak, who stayed here for some years because of the devotion of Rupa, a disciple. Sixteen ghumaons ofland was donated by the village. A religious fair is held on 25 and 26 Harh every year. This holy place is situated twelve miles to the south of Sialkot railway station. The village had "Bharowal" as its name at the time of the Guru's visit. ik'r ~Q [chota mIrjapur] a town three kohs away to the south across river Ganga in Kashi. Guru Gobind Singh visited this place while going to Punjab from Patna. The gurdwara is popularly known as Guru Ka Bagh. See crnT. ~ [chotamir] a village near Kartarpur in district Jallandhar, where Paindekhan had his residence. "sdddn mirchote bdnvae."-GPS. ~ [chotamel] See f1:f"l:l9t:R. ifG [ChotI] n leave, release, liberation, freedom. "nIrndkh rnahI hovE' teri chotI."gau m 5. "bhrdmte pukardhI, katdhI nahi chotI."-guj m 5.

mro

'The amount ofexemption was not fixed like CJth (quarter i.e. one-fourth part). It was decided according to a person's capacity to pay, his patriotism as well as the discretion of the emperor.

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rn [chotil feminine of chota. 2 urination. This

term is used only by WOlnen. [choti gujrat] sword of cast iron made in Gujarat (south) having thft~~ iron bars. Ifmade of two bars, it is termed as vaQigujrat. See ~. ~ [choQl).a], ~ [chol~lna] Skti;-w v give up, auandon, shun, vanish. "choQahu kapattJ hOI nlrvera."~sar m 5. &!$Irem [choQaIsi] will fr ~e from bondage, will release. "harr halatI palatI choQaIsi." -var g;:m 1 m 4. m [chOQI] adv by giving up, by abandoning. "ChOQI sIanap bahu caturai."-toQ/i m 5.2 adj hidden, covered, latent. "bhriHI tajl ChOQI tau aplu pije."-maru m 1. Se,o: ~ vr. 3 imperative form of verb choQI).a. giveup, leave. "ChOQI an bluhar."-guj m 5. ifir ~ [chOQI chaQana] depart leaving everything behind i.e. worldly objects. "urajhI pare jo choQr chaQana."--bavan. im [choQile] by leaving, by giving up. "choQile pakh~Qa."~var asa. m [choI).r] Skt~n earth, laud. "'bhuja d~QkE ChOI).I chatri chrnai."-VN. 2 lady, woman. &!faQil;fl [choI).rdhari] n lord of the earth, ruler, king. 2 land lord. m [choI).i] See~. i~ [choI).ikar] the Creator of the earth. "ch1rup chrtrnath ChOl)ikar."-gyan. fi [chot] See W3" and m. ~ [chot-achota] adj rdiever of untouchables; purifier of the polluted. "nau nararI). chot achota."-BG. ifu [chotr] n contagion, contamination, unholiness. "brnu nave sutak jag chotr."-asa a m 1. "jaki chotr jagat bu lage, ta par tuhi Qhare."-maru ravIdas. ~ [chod] Skt n powder, dust '&lfo [chom], ~ [choni] See ~.

iu [chop] n a red-coloured, embroidered cloth

worn by women. 2 concealing, hiding. 3 touch, contact. fi [chobh] See irn" and irn'. ~ [chobhrt] adj irate, perturbed, impatient, restless. 2 wrathful, peevish. ire" [chor] n bank, end. "jari chor dve bahut lagai."-GPS. 2 origin, beginning. "chorkatha sabh hi tab bhrh5."-VN. 'tale of the beginning.' 3 variant of choQ; give up. ~ [choran] v give up, abandon. ~ [choral See~. 2 given up, abandoned. ~ [chon] adv after leaving. "pac-cJtro chon cJdhri aryo."-cCJrItr 156. 2 after opening. "patrya tIn chorI bacai."-carItr 135. 'gotthe letter read after opening it.' 3 from the beginning, from the start. "hamri katha chorI te bhryahu."-carItr 142. 4 details, elaboration. ~ [chori] See ~. 2 abandoned, given up. 3 untied. "torina tute chorina chute."-bIla m 5. ~ [chom] See ~, WffiX, -a'Br. "ham chom thare. "-asa a m 1. 2 transitory. 3 one who takes animals for grazing. ir5' [chol] n abrasion, scratch. 2 sense of peeling; act of peeling. "chol dehu tujh deu savari."-GPS. 'will set you right by beating.' ~ [choldari] n small tent for soldiers; camp of soldiers. In Malabar it is called choltry. ~ [cholnal v peel. '&l'w [chola] n gram; cicer arientum. It is a very useful cereal. Many dishes are prepared from its flour. It is used as a feed for horses and milch animals during lactation period. The loaves of bread made by mixing it with wheat flour are very nutritious. ~ [chJhni], ~ [chJhrni] See~. 'ffift [chJhi] n battleaxewith long and broad sharp blade. "sethi sarak, chJhi charak."-VN.
See,~.

rn ~

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sajan sat basitha, kahu nanak han SIU manu adding flavoured spices. manIa so prabhu nEDi qitha." [chJDi] See ~. 2 S-:,e ~. -asa ch{jt m 5. ~ [chJna] Skt 1JQ n child, lad. "chItI ch:ma sabE dudhadhal'i."-dkal. 2 an attendant ofShiv. (2) In Guru Pratap Suray Granth, hasgatI [chJni] See ~. poetic metre has been written under the title h [chJr] n a pile of stacks of harvested fodder of chad only guru te VIChra sIkkh, lobhi nam kahu, like sorghum, maize etc. 2 See io. im [chJri] n smaller stack of harvested fodder. baX$E guru bakh$ad, melE chaq rahu, See ~ 1. JguDhare nit, cale na sacmag, lapatbhae kutab, na mIthya lakhyo jag. b [chJrJ See $ . rio [chaga] See sior". (3) A variation of sugitIka is found in Asa risrQ [chachar], ~ [chachara] ad} devoid of Rag with 25 matras per line with pauses at 15-10 matras, and 2 guru matras at the end. ashes; without smoke and haze. "tahI dipak jdlE chachara."-sor namdev. 'self-realisation.' Example: han amnt bhfne lOIDa, 2 n lightning. ~ [chachal] n flash, lightning. 2 Dgelephant. manu prem ratana, manu ramkasvati laIa, ~ [chachali] n flash, lightning. "ghan VIC kacanu sovfna. ... -asa ch~t m 4. jyo chachali tega hassia."-c.:iQi 3. 2 army of "kahu nanak chat gobfd han ke." elephants. See i~ 2. -asa ch{jt m 5. ~ [chaqDa], ~ [chaqna] v sift, separate. 2 give up, renounce. "sal' chaqahfge."-kdlki. i'i: [chad] Skt ~ vr be mighty, be strong, cover, wrap. 2 n poetry composed within the "sEthin ke val' chaqe."-cdrItr 123. "sIr subh hatth du chaqia." -c~Qi 2. 'Goddess Durga held framework of certain rules relating to characters, matras and their combinations; demon Shumbh by his head, violently shook poem, verse. 3 Ved. 4 prosody, branch of him for dashing away.' io '{chat] Skt ~ poetic metre. Many hymns knowledge about the metrical principles, that is, pIgal, figures among the six elements of are found in various poetic metres under the Veds. 5 desire, longing. "taje sarab asa rahe ek head chat. A few examples are given below chada."-ddtt. 6 bondage. "sabh cuke jam ke for the knowledge of readers chade."-bIla m 4. 7 deceit, guile. 8 meaning, (1) Variation of hullas metre: sense. 9 cover, covering. Etymology holds that anda anadu ghaDa mE so prabhu qitha ram, demigods covered themselves with hymns cakhIara cakhIara mE hanrasu mitha ram,because of the fear of death and sufferings. harIrasu mitha man mahI vutha These hymns were named as chad. Hence satIguru tutha sahaju bhaIa. 1 Veds were also popularly named as chad. gnhu vasI aIa magalu gaIa. 1 pac dust OI bhagI gaIa.! iifeR'Hi:} [chadsastral Skt ~: 'ITR'?f prosody. i~'5 [chadkhel] repetitive assonance, and sital aghaDe amntbaDe poetic creation like puzzles etc. "tinI chade 'For the metre to keep proper rhythm. the pronunciation khelu achr."-toQi namdev. This is a is bhJya, aya, gaya, gJya.

~ [ch5knaJ v fry vegetables or lentils by

rn

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combination of three alliterative words, e.g. [kel], m, [bel], 31? [tel], etc. ~ [chadbad] n tactics, tricks. "'cMd bad nahI nEk bIcara."-VN 2 poem, poetry, verse. ~ [chadmunisur] n master sages who created vedic hymns. "brahma(iIk SIV chadmunisur."-savEye sri muk1:lvak m 5. 2 scholars of prosody. i~qfu- [cMdarukatI] sen cMd-aru-ukatI. 2 etymology of the poetic metre. 'it! ~ [cMd vaQa] In Dasam Granth cMd vaQa is written for hangHIka. Its characteristics are: four lines, each line comprising 28 matras with pauses at the 16th and the subsequent 12 th matras, and ending in a raga!)., SIS: Example: pati $abad adI ucakEr mng $abad bahur b",khanIyE, an $dbad bahur ucar tuppak nam ko pahIcanIyE, nahI bhed ya mahI nEk hE sabh sukavI manahucItt me, jahf janIye tahf dijIye pad chat Jr kabIt me.. -sanama. 2 daQak metre. See ~. i~ [chadvIdya] prosody, science of poetic metres. See SHiH::}. w [chada] desire, longing. See ~= 5. "PIrU . ap!).a bha!).a kIChu nisi chacla."-jet chat m 5. ~t!T [cMdabada] See it~lit! 1. "satIguru beparvahu sIrada. na jamkaQ.I na chadabada.,,_maru solhe m 1.2 blind follower ofVeds. ~ [chadu] See ~. 2 Skt ~9~ adj charming, appealing. ~ [chade] See ~ 6. ~ [chadog] See s+e-aT. 2 Skt~ adjreciter ofVeds. io [chan] a subcaste of J atts found in Amritsar
~

and Multan areas. 2 Skt ~ adj covered, secretive. 3 n thatched hut. ior [chana] n bowl with flat base and edges turned inward. It is specially made of bronze. It is used for drinking milk, butter milk and eating rice mixed with kidney beans (khIqi). etc. According to the magical lore, it is used for iil'Gt'I(') [chayadan] (offering up one's reflection to avert ominous influence of evil spirits). No wonder, this bowl is also called ~ [chayapatrl. "sabh bat banaI kahi tumri tab bhupatI ko hath bhara raha, jab kin rasai musahIb s6 tab to tan nEk I$ara raha, kavI das khIsara kaQh6 sagro tan jo apna man mara raha, sabh ghi aru ch;'ina tumara raha par bie ka mal hamara raha."1 -bava ramdas. 2 in (~~) covered, roofed, secretive, esoteric. rn [cMni] adjhidden, concealed. "gujhichani nahi bat."-asa m 5. 'It' is not an esoteric or secret matter. 'See fio 2. iiff3 [chabh] n cha (house) -. abh (water). storage ofwater, pond, lake. 2 saline water lake, lagoon. if [chva] See ~ [chvaha] brought in contact. "nIj kar sakh tabE mukh chvaha. "_NP. [ChVE] adv by touching, by bringing into contact. 2 n touch, contact. "ChVE na sakE tIh chah ko."_VN.

t
I

Baba Ram Dass, an eminent courtier ofmaharaja Narendra

Singh, ruler ofPatiala state, forwarded this silvEya to him after composing it. He found the official appointed to distribute charity quitc dishonest in so far as he gave the bronze bowl and ghee to the needy ones but kept goldpieces and pearls etc with himself. This prompted the ruler to suitably rectify the distribution system.

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[jajja] thirteenth character of Punjabi script, articulated palately. Skt n birth. 2 father. 3 poison, venom. 4 liberation, salvation. S glory. 6 short for jagaD (lSI). 7 adj swift, fast. 8 victor, conqueror. 9 sufborn, created. This H is used as a suffix in such cases as jalaj, de~aj etc. 10 short fOf jau; if, in case. "japiE nam ja piE an."-g5<;l k;:Jbir. 'One can meditate only if one drinks and eats.' 11 short for yasy, or jIS. "na danotI jasmarDen janam jaradhI." -gujjedev. 12 in Punjabi, it is also used in place of liT as in jam, jug, jog etc. 13 Sometimes it replaces t: as in jasrath. 14 P ;. This is short for az, which means from. ~ [jau] n barley. "jau ki bhusi khau."-s kabir. 2 part if, in case, provided. "jau tum gIrIVar tau ham mora."-sor r;:JvIdas. 'If you are a cloud, we are peacocks.' Here gIrIVar does not mean a mountain because the peacock does not have any love for it. 3 adv when, then at that time. "jau saCE tau bhau man mahi."-maru m 5 ;jjuli. ~ [jauhri] See R<:RiT. ~ [jaut] part if, in case, provided. "jaut sabh sukh It ut tum bachavahu."-saveye m 4 ke. 2 if you, in case you. ~ [jaun] See Ro. 'fI'ftO' [jaupE] part if, in case. "jaupE ham na pap karata."-sri ravIdas. ~ [jaulau], ~ [jaulagu] advtill then, up to that moment. "jaulau bhau abhau Ihu manE, tau lau mIlaDu durai."-sar m 5. "jaulagu jiu paraD, sacu dhIaiE."-asa m 1.
H

~ [jauln] P UJJi: n bondage, shackle. "bhu

nanak bhram kate kIvara, bahurI na hoiE jaula jiu."-majh m 5. "ISU mari bInu s3bhukIChu jaula."-gau a m 5. 'Everything is in bondage.' 2 A besiege, overpower. "han vaSE nIkatI, sabh jaula."-var kan m 4. 3 run away, flee. i.e. - evade. "jab IS te Ihu hOIO jaula."-gau am5. Hi [jau] part if, in case. HefQHa [jaudhIstar] See~. 2 Skt~ adjrelating to Yudhishtar. ~ [ja-ap] meditation. 2 Skt~statement, saying. See ~. Hfu [jaI] Skt Rl:if n victory, triumph, conquest. 2 See;:ret 4. ;:rfu>,rr [jaIa] novation. "nanak ucn: han ki jaIa."-bIla m 5. 'Nanak applauds the triumph of the Divine.' 2 adj born, begotten. "sadhsagatI bInu bad jaIa."-ram a ill 1. ~ [j;napahI] speaks out, states. "jE jE jaIapahI sagal jakau."-bIla ch;jt m 5. See i'R')1..f('). 2 applauds, hails (divine) triumph. 'H'fu1l [jaIbo] v take birth, be born. "manjaIbe kau kIa karahu abhage?"-suhi kabir. 2 go, depart. ;:ret [jail n creation. "man pritI nai ki jai upjai." -NP. 2 adj developed, was born. 3 finished, vanished, may end, may vanish. "jate haumE jaihE."-gau kabir. 4 Skt i1'ftr<1 victorious, winner. S See ~. tret8' [jaie] may go, should go. "take sad baIIhari jaie."-salah. ~ [jaiph] A ~ adj old, aged. 2 weak,

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infirm. See~. fl"Rl..re [jaspad] Skt mrfu adv immediately, tre [jae] were produced; born. "kai?i bic jae, te instantaneously. "anyo jaspad satguru pas." kami'iu jaI mare hE."-CClrrtr 266. -NP. Bhai Santokh Singh has used jaspad for m:r [jas] adj like this, similar. "jas ohu hE, tas sapadI at several places. lakhE na koi." -gClU kClbir. "jas dekhiE tarvar ki ~ ~ [jaspal bhaike] a village under chaIa. "-g;m kabir. 2 (sixth declension) to police station, tehsil and district Ludhiana whom, to which. 3 Skt I1~ n fame, reputation, situated at a distance of two miles to the south grandeur. "jIh prani hanjas kahIo."-S ill 9. west ofDhundari Kalan railway station. A pair 4 respect, honour. 5 Skt \iR~ v release, free, of door planks and one large iron plate warn, insult. presented to a devout cook, Sagar Mall, by HACl1aFa [jaskirCltI] honour and praise.. See m:r Guru Har Rai are still preserved in this village. 4. 'prestige and appreciation.' Once Din Mohammad, governor of RR3' [jasat] odd. Jalandhar, alongwith his forces, was returning tfR'8'1l":!t [jastai] n admiration. "bh;:lnE prabhu ki to his residence from Doraha, in the company jastai."-krrsan. ofDiwan Hakumat Rai. The attendants of the tI'ffi!" [jasad] adj admirable. 2 Skt n zinc. See shrine offered food to all the soldiers of the f't:mo 2.3 A .A? physique, body. "cac;l.hyo bir ras army because ofDiwan's devotion. He donated jasad apare."-PP. two thousand bIghas of land and a village Garibnagri to the gurdwara. tI'E"ii" [jai?an] P ? n festivity, celebration. 2 happiness, joy. 3 festival, assembly fOIr merry- 'fU1}f3" [jasmat] Yashoda - wife ofmilkman Nand; making. foster-mother of Krishan. tI'fI'lIf3" ~ [jaspatI divan] brother of lDiwan ~ [jasman)en] by worshipping him, by Lakhpat Rai and resident of Kalanaur. Jaspat paying homage to him. "na danotI jasmarJ)en was initially a ruler of Jalandhar. Zakriakhan, janam jaradhI maraI) bhaI;'}."-guj jf:dev. subedar of Lahore, appointed him as ~ tIFI}fI'3" [jasmat] Yashoda. See trm-I3". "jasmat [divan] of the mini district of Aimnabad and pras;'}n bhai man me."-krrsCln. 2 yasmat (fifth installed Adeena Beg as the ruler ofJalandhar declension) by whom, by which. in his place. This resulted in antagonism 'HFl'd'a" [jasrath] Dashrath, of solar dynasty, ruler between Jaspat and Adeena Beg, and the Sikhs of Ayudhya was father of Ram. See ~. "jasrath raI n;'}du raja mera ramc;'}du."---:ram took advantage of it. namdev. 'My Ram Chand is the lord ofthe son There was a skirmish between Jaspat and of raja Dashrath.' i.e. the icon of his devotion. a group of Sikhs in Sammat 1802 (1744 AD). Nibahu Singh Ranghreta beheaded Jaspat by ~G [jasrotJ a section of Jamwal Rajputs. Jasrota town, founded by the people belonging getting on the elephant he was riding near to this subcaste, falls in Jammu state. See~. village Baddo Ki Goosain. B31wa Kirpa Ram, the family guru of Jaspat, cremated his head ~ [jasrota] See ~. after acquiring it from the Sikhs after paying ~ [jasrotia] belonging to Jasrot subcaste. 2 resident of Jas rota. See ~. five hundred rupees. The memorial of Jaspat is located near Baddo Ki Goosain (district ~ [jasval] a section of Katoch Rajputs. Gujranwala). See~. Their capital was Jaswan. See~.

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~ [jasvat]

adj glorious, reputed, famous.

jala."-mali m 4. 2 whose, of whom.

AR'ifafA'ur

[ja~vatsfgh] ruler of Jodhpur, and

'HFft [jasil, H'Fftfr [jasia] adj glorious, having good

reputation, well known, famous. HlJ [jasul See'ilFf 3. "jasu gavat pap laham."-kan m 4. See 'ilFf 4. "jasu kiratI jag leI."-japu. 'respect and honour.' ~ [jasuda], H'8'W [jasudhal Skt'Gfitt!r adjwho bestows glory. 2 n wife of milkman Nand, who reared Krishan. "jIu jasuda ghan kanu."-sri m 1 pdhue. NlJbIT [jasua] n glory, fame. "dnri nanak das bhagatr hanjasua."-gdu m 5. 2 adj who glorifies; who eulogises. H'lJR' [jasusl See ~R'. "vah an jasus bataI dae."-dje. 'H'IJlft [jasusil See . tm [jasol See'ilFf. 2 short for Jasoda (Yashoda). 3 short for Jaswalia Jasrotia. "jaso QaQQhvala." -VN. 'jasrotia and QaQhvalia.' ;:rf/"e' [jasodl, ;::ri:ttr [jasodal, HJtq [jasodh], ;:rR-rrr [jasodha], i'lffi.B [jasornatl Yashoda. See~. "kahat rna jasod jIsahI dahi bhat khahI jiu." -sdveye m 4 ke. "jabE jasodha sUIgai maya kIyo prakas."-krrsdn. "nad jasornat rnoh baQhaIkE."-krrsdn. tfRr [jassa] See 'illw. RWfi:fur [jassasfghl son ofBadar Singh, resident ofAhluwal, born in 1718 AD. In the company ofNawab Kapoor Singh he proved to be a man of great achievement. He is worthy to be termed the life breath ofAhluwalia mis!. Mata Gujri bestowed him with a mace. He was highly respected in the Sikh community. Raja Amar Singh, ruler of Patiala state, was baptised by Jassa Singh. In 1748 AD, this great warrior brought under his control extensive territory by killing Salabat Khan, ruler ofAmritsar, and in 1749 he assisted Diwan Kaura Mall a lot in ousting Shah Nawaj from Multan. In 1753 AD, he annexed the territory of Fatehbad by

son of Gaj Singh. He ascended the throne in Sammat 1694 (1638 AD). Earlier he was a commander of Shah Jahan, then Aurangzeb designated him as chiefofthe army comprising seven thousand soldiers. He was appointed garrison commander and was sent to Jamrod where he expired in 1678 AD.l After his death, the emperor wished to convert his descendents to Islam, but with help from the wise queen and her officials his family fled from Delhi. The royal forces chased them, and all ofthem were killed, except Tikka Ajit Singh and his mother who escaped by hiding. Ajit Singh got back Jodhpur state in 1711 after the death of Aurangzeb. Emperor Farrukh Siyar got .married to his daughter. See Gag1:f ft:1r;ra-. 2 son of rani Raj Kaur and raja Hamir Singh of Nabha state. He was born in 1775 AD in village Badabar and ascended the throne of Nabha State in 1783 at the age of 8 after his father's death. His stepmother, Deso, who was pious, religious and sagacious, took charge ofthe administration during the time he was a minor. Raja Jaswant Singh was a far-sighted and intelligent ruler. He assisted the British government in many battles. His chiefconcern was to serve his people and keep with honour scholars in his court. Raja Jaswant Singh breathed his last in Nabha on 22 nd May, 1840 at the age of sixty-six years. 3 See ~ ft:fur. RWHd' [jasarnat] A .;/1;. n robust physique. ~ [jasarotl of Jasrot, belonging to Jasrot. "jasarot raja."-VN. Raja Sukhdev of Jasrot.
See~.

Rfi:r [jasI] reputation. "sabIn kIlbIkhhan jasI

'Colonel Todd writes in his book on Rajasthan, that he was killed by administering poison on the behest of
f\ unlngzeb.

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Hij~hHJfs

defeating Adeena Beg, ruler of Jalandhar. He success upto Delhi and Meerut. He won great was popularly known as b~dichof as he got reputation all over the country for getting liberated Hindu men and women captured by Brahman girls released from the clutches of Ahmad Shah Durrani for turning them into the ruler of Hissar after valiantly fighting slaves. He fought bravely in the holocaust against him. He was a great believer in Guru's even though he bore 22 serious wounds on his doctrine (Gurbani i.e. philosophy of Sikhism) body. He occupied Kapurthala to establish it and used to take his meals after serving others as his capital in 1774 and released his own and was a fearless warrior. He took part in coin. I He was a pious, humble, generous, and almost all the battles fought by Sikhs against Ahmad Shah Durrani. ethical ruler. He died in Sammat 1840 (1783 AD) in Amritsar. His memorial is situated near Jassa Singh breathed his last in 1802AD (1860 the shrine of Baba Attai. See ~~)T. Bikrami). In 1808 his son Jodh Singh accepted the 2 Jassa Singh Ramgarhia was son ofGyani supermacy ofMaharaja Ranjit Singh. Bhagwan Singh. He was very brave and ffi:it [jassi] a village under police station and tehsil skilled in martial arts. Khalsa Panth Bhatinda, subdivision Barnala in Patiala state. Guru Gobind Singh visited this place. When the excommunicated him, allegedly for killing his infant daughter. Alongwith his four brothers, Guru, wearing blue clothes and riding his horse, he got employment with Adeena Beg, ruler of crossed the pond near the gurdwara, his robes Jalandhar, and became a command(~r of the tumed bagga (white), that is why this holy pond Sikh unit. When prince Taimur invaded Punjab is now popularly known as Baggsar. The and Adeena Beg fled to the hills, Jassa Singh devotees belonging to this area offered jaggery begged pardon from the Sikhs at Amritsar and to the Guru. "jassi aT ca1e gUf khaI."--GPs. started living with Nand Singh Sanghani. The The gurdwara has landed property ofsixty duo reconstructed Ramrauni. This fortress bighas in vi llage Patharala, twenty bighas in was demolished by a commander ofAdeena village Jassi and four hundred fifty bighas in village Jhirhi. An annual grant of rupees 160 Beg but Jassa Singh rebuilt Ramrauni and named it as "Ramgarh".2 is given by Patiala state. The village is situated three miles to the south of railway station Jassa Singh joined Kanhaya misl and established his reign over towns of Deena Sangat (BBCI Railway). Nagar, Batala, Kalanaur, Sri Gobindpur, Nffil [jasy] to that, to whom. See FIFf 2. "jasy Qadian, Ghuman etc. and some territory of rakhe:Q. gopa1ah."-sahas m 5. Doaba. He had to live in Sarsa across river i1'Jf"6" [jasvar] See ~. "utE bir dhae su bir~ jasvar~." - VN. Satluj when he got into conflict with Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. While spending his days lin Sirsa flU [jah], mT [jahh] adv there, at that plage, at the place. "jah sadhu gob I dbhajanu."-ba v;m. till 1783 AD, he kept on achieving notable ----- "jaM tah~ bhai dharamgatI lopa." -kalki. IThe coin bore following inscription on it: 2 Skt ~ n renunciatiion, forsaking. SIkkdh zdd ddr jdha bdf<Jzle dkal., ffiT3' ~ [jahat lak~:Q.a] Skt ~~. See ;:ruE. muldk dhmdd grIfdt jdssa k31al. 'This fort came to be known as Ramgarhia after the name HtJd'HiJfa [jahtajahatI] Skt "l<;"l<:(1&-TITTT n a variation of figurative sense of which a part is of its leader.

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left for grasping the sense of an utterance. In chadog Upnishad, there is the advice: "tatvamaSI $vetketo." 'Oh $vetketu, "Are you the one?" , It figures as an utterance wherein the omniscience of Braham as against the ignorance of $vetketu and the omnipotence of the former vis-a-vis the debility ofthe latter is there for inculcation not in their own right but together. Such a figurative expression is also termed as lldl3Jl 1dl [bhagtyag]. RUfd" [jahatI] Skt~~Tfn a form of attribute wherein the utterance conveys its latent meaning by leaving aside the manifest one. "mera ghar gaga vIce hE--mE har ve1e gaga VIce rahfda ha." Here the suggestion of the bank is conveyed by leaving aside the mention of Ganga's flow. ;::roo [jahan] Skt n renunciation, abandonment. t.!VH'3" [zahmat] A ..:;..J'j n disease. 2 suffering, trouble. ~ [zahmati] adj ill. "bhae jahmati nm." -CdrItr 26.:1. tI(Rf [zahar] See ~. ~ [zaha1] A Jf. n ignorance, naivety, foolishness. "mai bap pare hEjahal me."-hanu. ffiJT [zaha],;::,ui" [zaha] advwhere, at what place. "jaha sravanI harIkatha na suniE."-sar ill 5. "jaha sabadu vaSE taha dukh jae."-asa ill 3. 2 P ul? n world, universe. 3 worldly objects. ~ [jahak] See 'tfiJ"CX. tfijT cmr [jaha bhaJ, ;::,ui" qut [jaha kaha] adv wherever. 2 everywhere, at every place. "jaha bha prabhu hi vartata."-bhEr ill 5. ffiJi'dftij" [jahagir] P Jl? adj who conquers the world, who brings the world under his control. 2 n Salim, son of Akbar born to Mariam Zamani, daughter of Bihari Mall Kacchwahe at Sikri on 31 51 August, 1569. (Sammat 1627). He became emperor of Delhi on 24 1h October, 1605 and renamed himself as

Jahangir. ' Captain Hawkins and Sir Thomas Roe were assigned the duties to expand trade in India by the king of England, James I, during the rule of Jahangir. As a result of this many residential complexes for British officers were built and several factories established. His son Khusaro, longing for the throne, turned a rebel and hence was imprisoned. His supporters were killed. Persons like Chandu found the opportunity to incite him against Guru Arjan Dev alleging thatthe Guru had prayed for Khusro and also rendered him financial assistance. 2
'His fbll name is "Nuruddin Mohammad Jahangir Padshah Gazi".
2

Although Jahangir himself and a few other writers have held this as an apparent reason for his displeasure with Guru Aijan Dev, but deep research shows that, being a fanatic. Jahangir was prejudiced against the Guru. Just after ascending the throne, Jahangir resolved that he would protect and promote Islam. This meant that the openness and tolerance prevalent against Shariat. would be replaced by strict observance ofislamic tenets. So to succeed in his mission Jahangir associated very fanatic mullahs with himself On this score he came to be called agazi (religious warrior). He could not tolerate the influence of Guru Arjan Dev and the adherence of Muslims to Sikhism. Without

any inhibition, he made this confession in his autobiography while writing about Khusro. Thus goes his confession: "So many of the simple-minded Hindus, nay, many foolish Muslims. too, had been fascinated by his ways and teachings. He was noised about as a great religious and worldly leader. They called him Guru, and from all directions crowds of people would come to him and express great devotion for him. This busy traffic had been carried on for three or four generations. For many years the thought had been presenting itself to my mind either I should put an end to this false traffic, or that he should be brought within the fold of Islam."-tuz<Jk j<Jllagiri.

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Six years after ascending the throne, he religious or holy war against atheists ( nonmarried Noorjahan. Noorjahan was daughter believers in Islam). In Koran, religious war is of an Iranian official Mirza Gyas. Gyas was permitted against the non believers. See lJQ3" employed during Akbar's regime and rose to 9, fTliI3" 5-6-29. the status of an officer because of his AijieidJ:l'tJ [jahadar~ah] elder son of Bahadur Shah born to Nizam Bai on 8th April, 1663. He intelligence. When as a girl Noorjahan used to visit the royal palace in her childhood, Jahangir acquired the royal seat in Lahore on the death was enamoured of her beauty and felll in love of his father after fighting against his brothers on lOth April, 1712. He was a very mean and with her. Noorjahan was married to an Iranian chiefAlikuli Khan (Sher Afgan Khan) with the cruel king. Farrukh Siyar killed him in 1713 blessings of emperor Akbar. Akbar gave him AD (Sammat 1771) and became emperor. I an estate as fief in Bengal. When Jahangir Hijiele' [jahadida] P ~~--'l? adj world-wide became emperor, he married Noorjahan after travelled; skilled, experienced. getting Sher Afgan Khan killed and made her ffiJTi") [jahan] or ;:[()TQ [jahanu] P l:Jl? n world. brother his chief confidant, conferring the title "tana jahanu lahIa abhIman."-gdv chat m 5. ofAsif Khan on him. 'ffiJTOl:f1'i') [jahanxan] a commander and adviser Jahangir was a puppet in the hands of of Taimur, son of Ahmad Shah Abdali, who was assigned the task ofeliminating the Sikhs Noorjahan viz- "jahagir pat~ah ke begam in Majha region. He served as subedar of nurjaha. va~I kina patI apno Ih ras jaha taha."-cdrrtr 48. Lahore from 1756 to 1758. He was killed by the valiant saviour of religion Dyal Singh - a Jahangir was addicted to drinking and companion of marlyI' Deep Singh in the battle hunting. He died on 28 th Octobe:r, 1627 (Sammat 1684) on way from Kashll1l1ir due to at Golerwal near Amritsar. severe attack of asthma. An elegant tomb was Aij'od'S [jahantabl, Aij l 03 i S i [jahantaba] P built in his memory in Shahdara near Lahore. "':""Ctl? adj who lights the world. "rukhsar See go;::m+. jahantaba."-ramav. 'Her cheeks render the world bright.' 2 n sun. 'fl'ijT'f.f [jdhaz] A .il? n preparation. 2 saddle for camel's back. 3 ship, steamer" vessel, large Aij10iSIe [jahanabad] a town in district boat, raft. "guru jahaj khevat guru."--,sdvEye m Peelibhit. 2 short for Shahjahanabad (Delhi). "sahar jahanabad basat jahf. ~ahjaha ju raj karat 4 ke. Initially ships fitted with sails were windtahf."-CdrItr 278.3 a town in district Gaya, driven, but were later powen~d by steam. The which was once a famous business centre. first Portuguese wind-driven ship arrived in Goa harbour in 1498, while the first steam- "tICJT'Q [jahanu] See FRJTO. engine powered ship, Enterprize, arrived in ~ [jaham:] to the world, for the world. "sajhi sagal jahanE."-var sor m 3. Calcutta in 1885. 4 See tmtr. 5 i.e. Sikh religion. ~ [jahapanah] P ~~Ul? adj refuge for tI'tJ"Ilf ~('jT [jahaj carnal xa embrace Guru the world. 2 n the Creator. 3 emperor. Nanak Dev's religion in order to attain 'ffiJI'Hd" [jahalat] A ~l? n ignorance, stupidity, salvation; get baptised. illiteracy. ffi1lift (jahaji] adj pertaining to a ship. 11ahandar expired on Muhram 17, 1125 hIjri. ~ [jahad] A JJl? n effort, attempt. 2 'crusade;

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tI'fu [jahI], t1f'c:t [jahf] See ;:fu-. byte]. t=rfu3" [jalut] Skt adj discarded, abandoned. 'ffiJoH [jaMndm] A 'fI'fumr [jahImat], t=rfuH3T [jahImati] See mmo place. 1
and~.
fi) n anger, ire. 2 poison, venom. "an jahIr cij na bhaIa."-var mdla m 1. t:Jfu'at [zahIri] adjpoisonous, venomous. 2 irate, wrathful. ~ [zalurila] P itfi) adj poisonous. 2 n material or substance having poisonous effect. ;::rfuW [jahiva] adv where, at which place. ''i;;ri nanak ki Iccha jahfva. vIcarahI balak me mIl tahfva."-NP. ffiJ1' [jahi] adv where, there, at this place. 2 wheresoever. ;::rti'lo [jahin] A i.%T j adj with acute intelligence, having sharp memory; blessed with deep understanding. HtftQ [jahir] A .-2) adj grieved, sorrowful, qistressed. "hakk bIgana jo rakhan so hosan bahut jahir."-JSBB. "Ikna vd<;li arja, IkI man hohI jahir."-var mdla m I. 2 weakened by illness. 3 A /.f a speaker who has loud and clear voice. "dIsan ba<;le jahir."-mdgo. ;::rn'ta'T [jahiri] n oratory, descriptive skill, articulation. See ;:rdtQ 3. "tddbiri jdhiri akalgiri. "-GPS. ~ [jahuri] See 'i=rmft. 2 a lump of opium, having colour like that ofsafflower (cmihamus tinctorius), mostly consumed in Rajputana. ~ [jahud], ~ [jahudi] See ~. ~ [jahur] A .J;t n light, miracle, wonder. "kI jahar jahur hE. "-japu. 2 adj apparent, visible. ~ [jahura] splendour, ostentation. 2 light.

n hell, inferno. 2 distressing

'i1'fua' [jalur] P

See~.

;:rfr [zahe] P '7-) well done!, bravo!. "zahe pIckariye kI pur zaafrani."-digo. tmi:r [jahez] A J:f n dowry, money and valuables given at the time of a daughter's marriage. It

[jahnu] See ;:rc:j. trn' [jak] n doubt: suspicion. 2 obstruction, hesitation. 3 P JJ defeat, failure. 4 insult. 5 fear. 6 A (j conflagration. "jak jarei marat hr."-dkal. 7 sharp, intelligence. fI"Or<!T [jakDa], "i"!W)T [jakna] v hesistate, restrain oneself. 2 ieel shy. See tror 3. ~ [zakriaxan] U1,;1)) See ~ and i:li(')a<J'~d. tJCiSOT [jakarna] v fasten, grip tightly. ~ [jakarbad] n rope. 2 chain. 3 celibate's loincloth. ;:rqr [jaka] See tror 6 and 7. ~ [jakakhel] n a subcaste of Pathans, found in Khaibar. 'tl'CfI'3" [jakat] See "i1dJT3". ROft [jaki], "i'ICittnfr [jdkia] adj suspicious; of doubting nature. 2 obdurate, stubborn. 3 A 0j wise; with sharp intelligence; prudent. trciI;p' [jakira] n tight grip, pull. 2 concentration of mind. "bIkh sacahI laI jdkira."-jet m 4.. 3 stocks, vice. tfu" [jakk] n getting solid through freezing. Its root is Arabic tif):f. 2 See tror. tfu" 31ir [jakk takk] n act of looking with suspicion. i1"i{ [jak~] Skt vr laugh. 2 eat. 3 See ~. tfl::f [jakh] See tfcr, i1l:IJf, t'i'6r and ~. "jakh kInar gUD bhani."-asa chJt m 5.2 See tiICf. 'i11f(!" [jakhaD] n civilised mode of eating. See FIGf vr. "utam bhale jIna ke jakhaD."-rdtdnmala. 'who have controlled their eating habits'-who control their taste and live in virtue.
'This derives from the word Gehenna. In the valley of Ge-l-linnom, infants were sacrificed at one place. To silence their wails, drums were beaten and cymbals sounded. That is why this place got the name Gehenna.

is a transform ofjahaz in which [a] is replaced

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AdldQfS'f

IDrH

[zaxam] P (; n wound; injury, cut. [jaxamat] A

~~

m:rnt [zaxmi] P J'; adj wounded, injured.

ffi::ITH3'

n thickness.

t=rt:ftijr [jakhira] A ~)- j n collection. 2: treasure.

3 heap, pile. 4 nursery in which tiny seedlings are sown. tftf [jakkh], ;:n:r;:r [jakhy] Se~e lil6ir. "avat tho Ik jakkh baQo."-krrscm. "ked kat jakhy kfmr pIsac."-sukhm;;mi. trcIT [jag] Skt \if1TCl, n world. "jag SIU jhuth pritI man bedhIa."-sor m 1. 2~ peoph~., mankind. 3 fire ritual. "jag I snan tap than kh;')Qe." -dhana m 5. "gEQa man hom }dig kie."-var mala m 1. 4 demigod, diety's attendant. "katI jag jakE darbar."-bher a kabir. trcIT ~ [jag aurun] none~ dse in the world. "jag auru na yahI maha tam mE avtaru ujagaru anI kiau."-saveye m 5 ke. 'who in the darkest era. ' iiiIRIT [jagai] is awake, is alert; remains watchful. ;:raro [jagah], HaTfu [jagahI] P ~ n short for ,.(lr place, spot, sojourn. Adltfl'i!<! [jagjiva!).], ~:'> [jagjlivan] n the Creator of the world; the Lord who provides consciousness to the world. "jagjiva!). SIU apI CItu lae. "-basM m 3. "ape jagjivan sukhdata."-sri m 3. 2 living in the world.
3See~.

[jagjivandas] See H3c)'ll-rr. [jagjivanu] See Hali::ft'i!o. 'H'dI'itnl [jagjoni] Skt \jjJ1'Zl:ilf.1 n earth.. 2: Brahma. 3 Vishnu. 4 the Creator ofthe world. "yS VIcar bole jagjoni."-NP. trdI<!' [jaga!).] n prosodic foot ofthree characters with a long matrain the middle: short-Iongshort (lSI). trdTO [jagat] Skt 'if'll\f~ n breeze, air, wind. 2 country. "satjug ka anyay su!)., Ilk: phere sabh jagat maravE."-BG. 3 mobile, moving creatures. 4 world, universe, cosmos. "Ih
AdIH1'i!()e I H AdIH1'i!Q

jagat mE kInI japIo gurm;')tu."-s m 9. 5 etymologically, a human being. 6 adv while awake. "maharudra ke bhavan jagat rajni gai." -carItr 146. 7 S(~e Ad13H6. Adl3ijqle~ [jagatudhara!).u], ~QTd7) [jagatudharan] adjhaving power to emancipate the world; liberator ofthe world. "jagatudharan nam pna."-kan m 5. 2 n Guru Nanak Dev. "tE jagatudhara!).u paIau."-scweye m 4 ke. t=rOT3'Ho [jagatseth] Initially he was a sweetmaker in Patna, then by earning wealth he became a rich person. He served the ninth as also the tenth Guru of the of Sikhs with great devotion. See footnote of~ ft:fur. AdldH~ [jagatsetu] n Guru Granth Sahib as a bridge leading to salvation. 2 God as a bridge. 3 the Supreme Guru. 4 religious congregation. 5 the ultimate truth. HOI3" lfH"ra" [jagat s;')sar] adj world, (transitory) world. 2 people of the world. "satIgur no sabhko vekhda jeta jagatu s;')saru."-var vac;i m 3. See 'HOT3'. AdldaHi~ [jagatkasai] adj traitor. 2 evil doer; humanity's butcher. See Hdl3o(lH 1e1. AdldaedT (japtkarta] adj the Creator of the world. 2 n the ultimate one, the supreme one. AdI5a'wt.fJ' [jagatkasai] See Adl3olH'tl "hathI churi.jd;jatkasai."-var asa. 'R'iJl'3QT~ [jagatguru], H"dT3'QT~ [jagatguru] Skt "flTi\.T'i n the Creator. "tum kahiat h:J jagatguru suami."-jEt ravIdas. 2 adj spreading message of love in the world. "mIlu nanak dey jagat guru ker." --kan m 5. "jagatguru guru nanak deu."-BG. 3 n Guru Nanak Dev. 4 the caretaker of Shakaracharya's seat is also known by this name. AdldtfldFR'Uf l-RI"'tI"'tfT [jagatsfgh maharaja] See
~.

Adldtfl'i!() AdldQid l

[jagatjivan] See Hdli"i1'i!('). [jagatdhata] Skt ~ n saviour of

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the world, the supreme One. 2 Guru Nanak states, he came to fight against Guru Gobind Dev. 3 Brahma, according to Purans. 4 Vishnu. Singh and was killed by a bullet shot from the ~ [jagatp~tr] n lord of the world; the gun of Sahib Singh, one of the five beloved Creator. Sikhs. tl'OIOfiar [jagatprta] n the Creator of the world, ~ [jagatr] short for jagat-matr. "jE jEkar jagtra the supreme One. "jagatprta hE sanb pran ko mahr."-brla m 5. 2 ~ three spheres; three worlds. adhar."--saveye sri mukhvak m 5.2 Brahma. "jagatprta pad prrtham kahr sut pad at Hdli1cn~ [jagtra guru] all the three spheres of bakhan."-sanama. jagatprta (Brahma) sut the world. "bhandas su as jagtra guru ki." (son); river Brahmputra. -saveye m 4 ke. ~ o [jagatprtasut] See FIOT3ftra"r 2. 'Hillt!' [jagad] Skt adj saviour, sustainer. 2 Naradmuni, monk Narad. 3 sage Sankadi. ~ [jagadguru] See HaT3'qj"g and ~. tIOI31:f~ [jagatpraJ::t] n the Creator - the soul of HdliQiij [jagdadhar] n the Creator; the sustainer world. 2 air, wind. of the world. 2 air, wind. traJ3T [jagta] a follower ofthe sixth Guru, who tmtfu:r [jagdis] n lord of the world, the Creator. "sada bhajahu jagdis. "~guj m 5. belonged to Burhanpur. He was a great warrior and spiritually enlightened person. 2 a Brahman tmtfu:r lfu:r [jagdis is] adj rulers of the worldtheir lord, God. 2 sacred deities of the world turned Sikh preacher, who lived in Lahore. like Vishnu, Brahma - their holy God. "jagdis Guru Gobind Singh spared him while punishing the masads for their misdeeds. 3 a holy saint- is gopal madho."-ram chat m 5. grandson and disciple of Bhai Pheru Sachi HdlelHij [jagdisar 1, tidle1lj ij [jagdisur 1, H'dTtfur-O'T [jagdisoura], tidlel~ ij [jagdisvar] Skt Cij)1 <;19'"1 { n Darhi. Hdld'dlij [jagtagar] n primal, primeval, cause of lord of the world - the Creator, the ultimate One. "sarabgu!). jagdisrE."-ram chat In 5. the world's origin. "gaho sara!). jagtagar." -hajare 10. "jagdisur caransaran jo ae."-kalr m 4. "sada anadu japr jagdisoura."-sar m 4 partal. "dhan Hdldl~FM [jagtavalr] n system of cosmic creation. "jagtavalr karta."-gyan. cara!). rakhya jagdisvarah."-sahas m 5. Himft [jagti] Skt n earth. 2 world, universe. 3 a ~ [jagdip 1 Skt ~ n the Creator, who vedic metre having twelve characters in each gives light to the world. 2 sun. trart!1:rr [jagdaba] Skt ~ n mother of the line, i.e. forty-eight characters in four lines. world. 2 goddess Durga. 3 Mata Sulakhni. kamrni mohna, totak and bhujagprayat etc all 4 Mata Sahib Kaur. belong to this metre. MaI'8tR' [jagtis] jagat-i~; lord of the creation. See Hdl~cnSl [jagadguru] n mentor of spiritual knowledge for the world; the revered One. "he HOTtfu:r. praI).TIath gobfdahkrrpa nrdhan jagadguro." ~ [jagatu] See R"d13". "nrjkarr dekhro jagatu mE, kokahukonahr."-sm 9.2 people. "jagatu -sahas m 5.2 Guru Nanak Dev. bhrkhari-phrrat he."-s m 9. 'R'dTQ' [jagadh] Skt UfT~T adj eaten, taken. 2 n food. ~ 'IfRtg [jagtu sasaru] See R"d13" 'f\1:rrQ. 'frdItrl3T [jagdhata] See tidI3Q'3'. 'tI'imfw [jagtulla] a Gujjar chief belonging to trarf1:r [jagadhr] Skt \iff1tT n food, diet, meal. Bhau subcaste. Alongwith the rulers ofthe hill- tJdTi') [jagan] Skt l:ifti?j" n act of worshipping.

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2 oblation to the fire god. 3 fire ritual. See m:r vr. "jagan karE bahu bhar aphari."--gau a m 1. "asumedh jagne."-g::>Q namdev. 4 Skt \if1Fl glow-worm. 5 creatures. "jharat dlg!).a, jalat jagna."-ramav. 6 See FrOJ7iT. 7 See~. iJOIOT [jagna] See Ff'TOT?lT. 2 a virtuous and spiritually enlightened follower ofGuru Arjan Dev. At the behest of Guru Hargobind, he fought very bravely in the battle ofAmritsar. traI'i"i1'ET [jagnath] See RCJTorcr. 2 sword. "sabhE nam jagnath ke sada rI de mo rakh." -s;mama. HdlfoiijlH [jagmvas] Skt CijJIf.'''IClI(i n the Creator, who, within Himself, provides abode to the world. ~ [jagnEJ).] sun-the eye of the universe. ~ [jagbaktra] yug (four) - vaktra (faces) having four faces representing the four ages; Brahma. Some ignorant scribe has written jagbaktra for jugbaktra. "jagbaktra hu:[ kare bed bakhyan. "--sanama. 'i1dI1ft!'o [jagbadan] n God, worthy of worship as the Creator of the wOJrld. "nanak saranI parI 0 jagbadan."-jEt m 9. 2 Guru Nanak Dev. ffiITHdT [jagmag] , FJClT}f(lf3" [jagmagat] , 'ffiID-Ifor3" [jagmagIt] adj illuminated, lit. "jagmag jotI vIrajai abI cal nagar apar."1 "jagmagat tej puran pratap. "-akaI. HimfT3" [jagmat], ROJJ-fT3T [jagmata] n mother of the world. 2 creative power of the timeless One. "jagmat ko dhyan dhdryo jIy me."-c;jQi 1. 3 goddess Durga. 4 the Creator of world, God. "krIpa kdri ham par jelgmata. "--c::>pai. "tfi mera pIta hi hE mera mata."-bhEr m 5. 5 sword. "sabhE nam jagmat ke lijahu su kaVI VIcar."-sanama. 6 Mata Sulakhni. 7 Mata Sahib Kaur. ~ [jagmohni] n illusion that lures the world. "jagmohni ham tIagIgava:i.."-asa m 5.
IThis verse is the text ofthe insigniaofGurdwaraAbichal Nagar (Hazoor Sahib).

[jagar] n light, miracle. 2 Skt armour; coat ofmail. trcJTa' HiJRf [jagar magar] n lustre, glamour. "tero jas jagar magar bhae, $obha gai mew ki." -h{)sram. ~' [jagrau], ~ [jagrava] tehsil head quarter of district Ludhiana, situated 26 miles away from the city. See ~ and ~. ffiI1T [jaga] n remaining awake for the whole night. 2 place, spot, location. 3 in musicology, a stroke at the end of a beat. ~ [jagau!).a] v awaken. 2 call out loudly so that people may wake up. 3 give out a mendicant's call by shouting words like alakkh etc. "gorakhnath jagEhE'."-knsCln. 4 See
trcJTa'
~.

HdT'3" [jagatl,"i1cIJTf'o [jagatI] A

..::,..(; or if) n purity, sacredness, holiness. 2 share spared from one's wealth and property for religious purposes is zakat, so called for rendering them sacred. According to the Koran to pay zakat is a religious code i.e. to the part with the charitable share ofone's property is religiously essential. See ~ m:r, fTlil3" 43. To pay zakat on the property possessed by a person for one year, is compulsory while that held for a period less than a year is exempt from this cess. It is clear that varying tithe was prescribed for varied property. For example the owner of four camels is exempt from paying any tithe while the possessor of five camels is bound to give one sheep or a hegoat every year. One having ten camels is to give two sheep or he-goats. Similarly, the possessor of forty camels gives four sheep or male goats as tithe. A person keeping fewer than thirty heads ofcattle (cows and buffaloes) is exempt from paying any tithe, while the owner of thirty heads of cattle has to offer a one-year old calf annually and a keeper of

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forty heads of cattle is bound to give a two years old calf. One has to pay tithe equivalent to five percent of the estimated value of horses one keeps, but those used in battles or utilized for yoking are exempted. Silver worth two hundred dIrhams l is free from zakatwhile five percent zdkat is imposed on silver of higher amount. Similarly gold weighing less than twenty mIskab'" is also exempted from paying any z;::lkat whereas for holding gold more than that, one has to pay two ~ [kiratsp per mIskal. On the unutilized belongings worth more than two hundred dIrh;::lms, zakatto the tune 01'2.5% is imposed. The spending of revenue or material collected through zdkat is prescribed for these seven purposes: (a) for saints or faqirs, (b) for orphans, (c) on collectors of tithe, (d) for getting slaves liberated or freed, (e) for debtors, (f) on wars fought for the protection of religion or in the name of God, (g) on travellers. 3 octroi, the toll collected on goods entering a city or state. "jejia Q;'}nu ko Ide I1d jdgatI."-asa a TIl 5. ~ [jdgatIl, ~ [jdgatial n octroicollector, receiver of tithe. "kam krodh dUI bhde jdga ti." -gau kabir. "jaga tia mohel1). muddl).I pdi."-tukha eh:Jt TIl 4. ;:mrfu [jdgadIl in the beginning. "jdgadI tuhi prdbhu phdrdhyo."-sClvEye 33.2 beginning of the world, origin of the world. 3 fire ritual, sacrificial ritual like ydgy etc. "jdgadI adI dhdrdmn;'}."-gyan. ~ [jdgadhril an old and famous city in district Ambala. There is a gurdwara in memory of Guru Gobind Singh inside the
la silver coin weighing twenty four rattis.
2

as ilver coin weighing four and a halfmashas or a weight equivalent to four and a halfmashas.

Jequivalent to two rattis.

Hanuman gate of this town. The Guru visited this place during his stay in Kapal Machan. J\ slllall gurdwara has been built there. The priest is a Sikh. The town is situated three miles to the north-east of .Jagadhari railway station. HaJTi'iT [jdganal, RCJTT7) [jagavdnl v awaken. 2 warn, make one cautious, alert. 3 enable a corpse to rise from its place of cremation or burial with the supernatural power of black magic. "hdrI ka SIrnr;:mu chaQIke ratI jdgavcm jaI."s kabir. Rfdr [jagIl in the world, within the world. "iagI suknt kirdtI nam he."-bIla eh51 TIl 4. 2 because of fire rituals. 3 of the world. "bthIdrc jagI tapa ram. "--va<;i eh:Jl TIl 4. 4 5'kt scholar, knower. "VIl).U naVE sabh bhdrdmdc nIt jdgI tota SFSarI."-var sor ill 3. [jdgIsvil supreme yogi, supreme sage. "masCltkdrdn Ik nnpdtI jagIsvi. teivan bulvan tupasvi."-GOlTI1T 260. Hfdltfl'eQ [jdgIjIvanu] living in the world: leading life in the world. "jdgIjivdnu Esa supnr jEsa."-asa bbir. 2 See HdIHl'i!('). 'H'fcJTer [jagfda] adjwho awakens. 2 who ignites. 3 who enlightens. "jot ko jdgfda."- gyan. Haft [jdgil woke, became alert. 2 performer of a fire ritual. 3 by performing the fire ritual. "SdtjugI satu, teta jagi. "-gau rav Idas. traftR" [jagisl short for jagdi~. ;::raffir [jagir] See HTd'fRr. HaRaela [jagirdarl fiefholder, landlord. 'HQT [jagul See ROT and t=raT3". "jagu upje bInSE." -asa eMt ill 4.2 the public, people. "jagu rogi bhogi."-asa TIl 1. ;:rcihr; ~jdgenl (third declension) due to the fire ritual. "jogen kf, jagen kf?" -gujjEdev. ;:rcil;p [jageral a village in police station Dehlon of tehsil and district Ludhiana, situated at a distance of about one and a half miles to the north-east of Ahmadgarh railway station. A

"lm

HflrrJit

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small and simple gurdwara in memory ofGuru people preferred to get crushed in the belief Gobind Singh is situated near the vililage in the that death under the wheel ofthis holy chariot north-west direction. The priest is an Udasi would lead to salvation. saint. The village has donated about eight There is another legend in Sakand Puran bighas of land to the gurdwara. regarding Jagannath. When Krishan was killed tI'iiiGr [jagotal n rope made oftwist~:d strings of by a hunter, Jar, his mortal body lay there under wool, which mendicants generally tie around a tree in decomposed state. But after sometheir waist. "sClhaj jagota badhan te chuta." time, a well-wisher and devotee preserved -ram m 1. 2 diaper. See RTatG'T. 3 loud call for these holy remains in a box. The king ofOrissa, waking up the people. Indardyuman, was directed by Vishnu to instal ~ [jago11, r:ratw [jago1al P JA: n pellet in these remains in a statue of J agannath. tinkling bell; tinkling bell. "ukab basincm ko saj, Acceding to Indardyuman's direction, kath jago1an dva1 navine. "--krrscw. A tinkling Vishvkarma started making the statue on the bell is tied around the neck or to the foot of a condition that he would stop work ifanybody saw it during its making. But just after fifteen preying bird so that birds and animals get frightened on hearing this tinkling sound, and days the king became impatient and curious their gait and flight get retarded; thus falcons and went to Vishvkarma. Vishvkarma got angry etc are easily traced in the deep forests. and left the work incomplete. The idol of ;:raT'i'itrel [jaganthai], R~r [jagnathl, ROJC'iTg Jagannath thus remained without hands and [jagnathu] Skt ~T<-T n lord of the world; feet. King lndardyuman requested Brahma, ultimate Reality, God. "han japIO jI2,ganthai." who provided the idol with eyes and soul and -kaii m 4. "jaganath sabh jatr upae.'''-n:'1t am installed it. He himself purified it with 4. "jaganathu jagdisu japaIa."-var vaq m 3. conventional religious rituals and made it 2 a particular idol of Vishnu or Krishna, which worthy of worship by the world. is worshipped in Bengal and other provinces It is a historical fact that the temple of Jagannath was got constructed by king Anant ofIndia, but the deeply revered idol in Puri is situated on the sea shore in Cuttak district of Verma, who ruled between 1076 to 1147 AD Orissa. Many pilgrims from other states also over the territory falling between Ganga and visit this holy place. In particular people gather Godavari. in numbers during Rath Yatra festival, which The outer courtyard of this temple is 665 is celebrated on the second day ofthe brighter feet long and 644 feet wide. The boundary wall phase of lunar month Barh. A beautiful is 24 feet high and the total height ofthe temple upto the pinnacle is 192 feet. The wheel sign decorated idol of Jagannath (Krishan) is ofVishnu is fixed at the top. The temple bears installed on a 48 feet high 16 wheeh~d chariot, to be pulled by devotees. Two more chariots many obscene images, hence scholars are of accompany this Jagannath's chariot; one of the view that this temple belonged to VamaMargis, which has now been seized by them, which has 12 wheels and is 44 feet high, carries an idol ofBalram while the second one, Vaishnavites. 1 which has 12 wheels and is 43 feet high, carries The consecrated food distributed in this an idol of Bhadra. In ancient tiimes, many 'See in this context: "~;;;g mrz~" oj".

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i1i1H

temple is accepted by the people without any HUfc'iT [jaghna], t=IUI7iT [jaghni] See ;:ruro.;r. ;:rUf'i'M [jaghcmy] Skt n the untouchable. consideration of caste or creed. 2 purchased servant, slave. 3 menial. 4 mean. Guru Nanak Dev visited this place in S final, last. Sammat 1566 for preaching Sikhism. The hymn gag;mm thaI was uttered at this holy place. 'tI"tJi'iT [jacna] v examine, inspect, estimate. Many hypocrites and vicious persons like 2 look presentable. "ja uhu nIrmalu, ta ham Kaliyug, the priest, became devotees of the jacna."-asa m 5. 'only then we look spotless.' Guru and attained enlightenment. The place 3 determine. "kal ka kal nnajan jacna." where the Guru stayed is named as Mangumat -savEye m 4 ke. 4 n idea, concept. "karT karT vekh apne jacna."-maru a m 5. Sad} and a well with steps down to the water level suppliant, supplicant. "kahu nanak prabhu ke is built in memory of the Guru. The water in this well is very sweet. The priests of this sabhI jacna."-brla m 5. i1tI"O't [jacni] Skt Gl'tJ(')l1J1 ad} supplicable. shrine are Udassi saints. tl'or [jagg] Skt mr n worshipping. 2 prayer. 2 supplicated substance. "jo IchE so phalu paIsi, sabh gharE VIC jacni."-var suhi m 3. 3 sacrifice. "kiji ab jagg ko arabh."-gyan. ~ [jaggkhabh], ~ [jaggthabh] n pillar 3 See R'tJ?iT. raised at the place where oblation is performed. ffiJT [jaea] ad} supplicant, beggar. "sada saIahiE sabh tIs ke jaca."-var maru 1 m 3.2 examined, See l:1fl.l'. "pag pag jaggkhabh kahu gaq,a." -raghu. estimated. See R'tJ?iT. 3 P -?; n woman who tl'0IY~ [jaggpurakh] Skt mr:J;<:fISf n Vishnu. has just delivered a child. tl'tJT [jacea] See R'tJT 3. 2 fire. 3 chief god to please whom sacrificial oblation is offered. "jagg kuq,ahu te uthe tab i1&l" [jach], t=f6r [jachh] See ~. jaggpurakh kula I."-rama v. 'Made Himself ~ [jachh-harT] lion. See~. "dharam manifest.' jachh-harT Ik sambhar."-GV 1 O. 'Dharam tfarr [jagga] a devout disciple of Guru Amar Singh.' Bhai Sukha Singh has used jachh-harT for a Singh-a baptised sikh. Dev who wanted to renounce household living. The Guru taught him the precept of praying ~ [jachhl).i] wife of a demigod, yak:;;Ini. tl'iitf [jachhapJ, 't:f'5Q't1 [jachhraj] king of while leading a house hold life. ;fcrrrfi:fur [jaggasfgh] a devoted servant of Guru demigods; Kuber. trn' [jaj] See O!tr vr. "jajI kajI parthaI suhai." Gobind Singh. -asa m 5. 'looked charming during rituals of ~ [jaggupavit] sacred thread. See~. "jaggupavit gare jIm pavan."~GPS. worship and marriage etc.' 2 Skt warrior a brave fighter. 3 S feast given at the time of ~ [jagyasa] See ft:raTJrw. ~ [jagyupavit] sacred thread. See marriage. 4 marriage party, wedding party. i1tIi'i [jajan] See '(jfff(')". ~ . "jagyupavit den hIt dhara."-NP. ;:rcrr:il'''r'ij" [jagye:;;var] Skt ~ n lord of the tItm' [jajab] A "':""~ n act of drawing attention. oblationary ritual, Vishnu. 2 fire. 3 See t'forljOl:f. 2 absorb. 3 assimilate. 'tINW [jajba] A ,,:,..lr feeling, sentiment. 2 concept, ~ [jagyopavit] See ~. HUIO [jaghan] Skt n rear portion of the army. resolve. 3 anger, wrath. 4 desire, lust. ilill-f [jajam] See f1Tii1-f. 2 See ~. 3 A (7. 2 buttocks, posterior. 3 pelvis.

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adj determination. [jdjman], ;::r;::p..jlQ' [jdjmanu] See '(i1trl-fT?l. one who performs oblation; one who gets oblation performed by the family priest. "karta, tu mera jdjman."-prabha m 1. "sai putri jajman ki sa teri, etu dhanI khadhE tera janamu gdIa." -asa pati m 3. ~ [jdjmala], RRli'"fuIr [jdjmaIIa], ~ [jdjmale] )'J('-'r adj who is leperous. 2 a wretched person, whose closeness can be contagious. "cul).i vdkhI kaqhe jajmaha."-var asa. "saCE vakhI kaqhe jdjmale."-vargau 1 m 4. 3 man of determination. See FlHH 3. "nIt maIa no phUE jajmaIIa."--var gau 1 ill 4. tl'FJ'a" [jajar], ;:r;:ror [jajra], tl"i'Rft [jajri] Skt FJi:fo adj decrepit, decayed. "Ihu sariru jajri hE IS no jaru pahuCE ae."-vac;i m 3 alah1)i. 2 old. 3 dilapidated, broken. tffiT [jaja] pronunciation of Fl. 2 thirteenth character ofPunjabi script. "jaja janE hau kachu hua."-bavan. 3 See RFJT. 4 A j.J~ revenge. S reward, gain. 'i1tJl'fu" [jajatI], FJHT3l [jajati] See liIFJTf:r. FJfi:r [jajI] See Frfor and FIFJ. trtfl'))ff [jajia] See Ftww. ;::rn'Rr' [jajira] A ~!7. n island; piece: of land surrounded by water on all sides. tl'FJT [jajja] See FJFJT. 2 a clan of tillers in district Amritsar. 3 a subcaste amongst the Jathol Rajputs of solar lineage ofSialkot area.. "hamja jajja jal).iE, bala marvaha vIgsada." --BG 'fIiJ [jajrd]' ;:r;rc [jdjrat] Dg n Yamraj, the god of Death. t1G [jat] See FfCT. "tat na khat 11a jat na hom na." -kan m 5. 'neither residing at sacred places, nor performing six actions, neither matted hair nor oblation.' See FJ? and Re. tl'C(ilT [jatka] adj of or relating to a Jatt. ~ Jft!" [jdtke sad] tools or implements such as plough, field leveller, pitch fork, multipronged
HffifIO

pitch fork, seed pipe, yoke, cart, hoe, weeding instrument, sickle, winnower, levelling plank, small axe, pole axe etc, used by Jatts. t1Gtr [jatdj], FJCFJT [jatja] n Ganga, which has its origin from the matted hair of Shiv.-sanama. FJGFJT1J3" [jatjasut] son of Ganga, Bhisham. -sanama. tI'Cf1'lG [jdtjat] wearing matted hair; topknot of matted hair. "karI jat jata jatjat."-kan m 4 partal. 'R'GQTij' [jatqhar] adj who wears matted hair. 2 n ascetic. "daqdhar jatdharE pekhIO varat nem tirathae."-bhEr m 5. 3 Shiv. See 'fl'CTQ"Q. 4 banyan tree. ~ [jatqhari] See 'fl'CTQ"Q. 2 Ganga, which has its origin in the matted hair of Shiv. "jape cdlle ratt de salale jatdhari."-cac;ii 3. tICfo [jatam] residing in the matted hair ofShiv, Ganga.-sanama. tI'Cfoo [jdtmn] one that holds jatam (Ganga); the earth. -sanama. RGY'ij'T [jatpura] See <'fH 3 and ~. ~ [jatbhuk] Skt a tree having aerial roots (Banyan). "jImI batbij vIkhE jdtbhuk dal sakha kaq sahIt phal ahI."-GPS. 'as the seed of banyan contains within it leaves, boughs, branches, fruit and aerial roots.' Rili5' [jattdl] n rustic talk. 2 gossip; fanciful tale. Ncr [jata] Skt n matted rope-like hair on the head. "jatamukdtu tdnI bhaSdm lagai."-bhET m 1. 2 tender stem of a tree. 3 bough, branch. 4 mode of reading Veds in which the preceding stanza is reread along with the succeeding one. ~ [jatau] n topknot of matted hair. 2 See~. fIG'l'tfG [jatajut] n topYJ1ot of matted hair. "jatajut bhekh kie phuat udas kau."--savEye m 4 ke. 2 xa adj one who does not cut even a single hair from head to foot. "jatajut rahIbo anuragahu." -GV 10.

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FIOil" -ij'ar

tIGlit [jatax:ti] n queen ofJatadhar (Shiv); Durga. ~ [jatIll Skt adj having matted hair. 2 a "mare vir jataD-i."-c<;ii 3. 2 wife of a Jatt. complex problem, difficult to tangle like the 3 adj of or relating to a Jatt. matted hair. 3 n one who observes celibacy; il'G"'tfij' [jatadharJ, ~ [jatadharl, ~ celebate. 4 lion. 5 Shiv. [jatadhari] adv wearing matted hair. 2 n Shiv. Hit [jatil adj having matted hair. 2 n banyan 3 ascetic. 4 Nowadays, many a recluse and tree. 3 a tree of the ficus venosa type. 4 Shiv. stoic of different sects wear matted hair. 5 See Hit. S banyan tree. HilR" [jatisl n Shiv, the god of those who wear i'fG'1')jQG [jatamukatl, ~ [jatamukatul crest matted hair, Shiv. "vafUIJ.VIracI jatis sur."-GV1O. of matted hair; topknot of the matted hair. See Mitw [jatila] See ~. t=fCT I. ~ [jatul See tfc. "dh;}na jatu balmiku bdtyara, 'i1G"l[ [jdtayu] He was son of sun god's gurmukhI parIpaIa."-maru m 4. charioteer Arun born from the womb of ~ [jatual adjhaving matted hair. 2 topknot Shayeni, brother of Sampati and the king of of matted hair. "bac;l.hahI bahu jdtua." vultures. A friend of king Dashrath, he fought -saVf:ye sri mukhvak m 5. a fierce battle with Ravan after the abduction ~ [jatetal son of a Jatt. of Sita. "ut ravaD- an jatayu ghIre."-ramav. tfc [jattl a clan, branch of Rajputs, that came Wounded by Ravan's sword, Jatayu fell down. from central Asia and settled in western India. When Ram Chandar was looking for Sita, Colonel Todd has described Jatts as Jatayu narrated the episode of her abduction Yaduvanshis. Historians have ascribed various and then breathed his last. 2 name of a names as Jit-Jute-Getae to this clan. Most of mountain, according to Vayu Puran. these people are cultivators. As soldiers they ~))ffa' [jatayu-arIl, ~fuld" [jdtayUrIpu] are also very famous. They are tall, sturdy, Ravan, the enemy of Jatayu.-sanama. sincere, loyal and generous. RGTH" [jatall , FfClW [jata1al adj wearing matted tkr [jatta] adj having matted hair. "bhrdmte hair. 2 n Shiv. "ughe jdD-U neje jdta1e. "-rama v. jdtta."-datt. 2 a vocative. " jdtf'. 'Spears seem tridents of Shiv.' 4 [jattul a Tewari Brahman who became a ~ [jatavall, ~ [jdtavlal adj wearing disciple of Guru Arjan Dev. 2 a Chaddha matted hair. 2 n Shiv. 3 Nadia, the bull, upon devotee of the fifth Guru. 3 a Bhiva disciple which Shiv rides. "c;l.hol mgare pJD- de fighan of the fifth Guru. 4 a Bhandari disciple ofthe janu jdtavle."-c<;ii 3. 'As and when Nadia fifth Guru, who was a resident of Shahdara. jumps, the battledrum thunders.' See ~. 5 an ascetic ofJaunpur, who became a devotee 4 ascetic. 5 banyan tree. of Guru Hargobind. 6 a fighter disciple of the Nfc3" [jatIt] Skt adj studded, inlaid. sixth Guru. ~ [jdtIdhurl See ~. 'fIi5Q [jatharl Skt n abdomen, belly. "kdrI dokh ilfGw [jdtIyal adj one wearing matted hair. n jathdr kau bharte."-mala m 5. 2 stomach. wife of a Jatt. 3 womb. "kIm devakI ke jathr;}tarI ayo." tl'fet;rroT [jatIyaral adjone wearing matted hair. -saVE'ye 33. 4 adj old. "nfbu lbdam su vat jatIyare."-carrtr 256. 'fIi5Q ~ [jathar rogl Skt~ fm n a disease of 'banyan trees with aerial roots.' the abdomen. See ~dT.

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[jathraganI], fl'OW('j~ [jathraml] n fire ffi!t [jdni] See Hit.. 2 part no, not, never. "jdl)i lakhavahu asat papi sal)I.'-asa ravrdas. 'do of hell; heat of the blood by whiich food is digested and human system is kept on working. not live your life with an agnostic wretch. 3 reproduced. 4 S distribution offood like the Through the circulation of blood, heat is distribution of gad:>ra laqqus after the death produced, which is 98.40 Fahrenheiit, I as shown 2 by the thermometer. _ of some person. 5 Dg mother. ~ [jal)u] S adv as if. "jIs no VIsrE mera ram fli5"a'r [jathera] Skt~ adj elder. See fi:rc5w. sanehi, tIsu lakh bedan jaI).u ai."-sor m 5. ;fo [jatth] See B'o. mr [jd<;l.l Skt ~ vr settle down, accumulate. . tit [jal)e] See ~. 2 plural of jal) (jan) as "do jal)e ae." 2 inlay, set. "jIh ke man mE jarraku jaqE." -krrsan. 3 Skt ~ adj inanimqte. 4 mentally ~ [jal)eda], mit [jaI).edi] giving birth. See ~. "tIn dhanu jaI).edi mau ae saphalu se." retarded, idiotic. 5 n water. -asa farId. iN [ja<;lh] See mr 3 and 4. He! [jdl)] See flO. "jdl) jdl) STU chac;lu dhohu." ;:rc!- [jdl)O] Dg n father. 2 See ffi!T. -saVE'ye m 4 ke. 2 See 'ffi!CIT. J See: ;:~. tIi3' [jal)at] gives birth. 2 knows. "jal)at car 'im'i [jal),m] Skt ROO. n birth, origin. 2 act of cakral)~."-gyan. 'knows all.' 'H3" [jat] Skt ~ adv where. "jat jat jaiE tat tat reproduction. ~ [jal)na] v give birth, reproduce, cause dnsta.e."-brla m 5. 2 See ~ and tiI3". 3 See reproduction. See ~. "aut jal)eda jaI."-var t'f3". ram 1 m 1. "dhan jal)edi rnaI."-sri m 3. "jIn tr3CB' [jatkat], i13CEU [jatkatdh], fl3CET [jatkata] Skt~ ~ advwherever. "jatkat tum bharpur ke jal)e baqire tum hau tIn SIU jhagJrat pap." hahu."-b.rla m 5.' "jatkatah tatah dnste." -sarm 4. -si:'Jhas m 5. "jdtkdlta tdt pekhiE."-kalI m 5. 'ffi!I' [jal)a] ofor relating or pertaining to people. 2 count. "bIrtha janamu jcH;ca . "-majh H30[jatan] Skt~n effort, attempt. "jatan bahut sukh ke kie."-s m 9. 2 control over sensual barahmaha. 3 man. impulses. "jdtan tapan bhraman."-kan m 5. ~ [jdl)aul)a] v enlighten, make one realise. ~ [jdtbrat] n principle ofcontrol over sensual 2 cause infant's birth, help during birth. impulses. "dan daya ddm sajam nem jatbrat." ~ [j,u).akal)a], ~ [jal).akhal).a] every -saVE'ye 33. one, everybody. See ~r.2 layman. H'3rict" [jatlauI).a], R3(?T(')T [jatlanal, ~ ~ [jal)avI).a] See ~'fI". [jdtaul)a], M3"'?)T [jatana] v make known, inform. Hfcy [jdl)I] advafter giving birth. "]W janni sut 2 tell. jdl)I palati."-gau m 4. 'It is the French scale ofmeasuring temperature. Assuming Hfo [jatI] See tilfu". 2 caste. "jatI meri patI meri dhdn han nam."-suhi m 5.3 In music, jdtI is ice to solidify at 32 degree, water is presumed to boil at a mode of recitation. The pause occurring 212 degree. The in-between range is divided alxording to during the playing ofmndag, is known as jatI. the intensity ofheat. In contrast, cl~ntigrade thermometer Dr. Charan Singh has stated in his book"Sri has range from zcro to one hundred (0100) and the Guru Granth Bani Beare" that jdtI, gatI, sath, Russian Reaumer thermometer ranges from z,ero to eighty all are functions oftabla. When the right hand (0-80). performs the function of gatI i.e., when like 2See~.
Hod1dlfo

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gatI fingers of the right hand work from the rim to the centre and the left hand plays or evokes them in brief like Wtf [sath], then it is known as jatI. When fingers of both the hands evoke words, known as patachar so, the articulation being in low pitch, then it is known as gatI. When both the hands work freely and there is a free flow of sound (known as kar kutt), then it is called Wtf [sath]. See ~ H: 1 fu3t, um 10 Rfu. 4 v advwhere. "jatI jat sdda kal hai."-kan ill 5. Rfu ufo [jdtr pdtr] caste and row; caste and subcaste, as caste is Khatri, subcaste is Suri, Kapur etc. "bhagdtr rdte se utma, jdtI PdtI sdbde hOI."'---asa a ill 3. 2 caste and honour. ;:ra1 [jdti] Skt 1!fCl"";:f, adj having control over sensual impulses. "jdti sati kete banbasi." -maru solhe ill 1. 2 n saint, pious man. 3 Some writers talk of six celibates - "ab je jati sunahu de kana. lachman gorakh aru hanumana. bhi~am bhErav datt pachano." -NP See f5nr tr3t. 4 celibate or ascetic. "na Ihu jati kahaVE seu."-g5Q kabir. 'neither a celibate, nor an ascetic.' 5 a Jain saint. tJ3tl;ft [jatili] adjfleecy: "jatili bheQ". 2 SktRfurEit victorious. "jatili tUdmate." -akal. ~ [jatu] SktTiTO n control over sensual impulses. "jatu pahara dhiraju sunIaru."-japu. 2 Skttf<l gum. 3 sealing wax. ;::B- err [jatE ka] Skt of yat. "tretE rathu jatE ka." -var asa. 'fI3'l;ft [jabli] a village in district Hoshiarpur, tehsil Una. Here the tenth Guru rested for some time. A gurdwara called Damdama Sahib exists there in his memory. [jatan], ;::So [jatanu] See tf3'?). "soi jatanu bataI."-phunhe ill 5. 'ffo [jatt] fleece. ~ [jatr] Skt Til1' adv where. "jatr jau tat bithalu bh1a."-asa namdev.

mro

[jatr-kata], ~~ [jatr-katr] , H3'3'3" [jatr-tatr], t'ICIcm [jathkath] Skt~, ~ adv wherever, everywhere. "pekhIo jatr-kata." -guj ill 5. "jatr-katr tu sarab jia."-bhET ill 1. "jatr-tatr bIraj-hi." -japu. "jathkath ram!).a sar!).a ~arbatr jia!).ah." -ga tha. ;:rar [jatha] See liIEfT. 2 n group. See WEf. tf'a'l'ftar [jathajog] See tIlEI'GldIJi. Na"3'EI' [jathatath] See 'l:ifEl'T3Cf. HtITHfd' [jathamatr] See~. 'tl"EfI'ij'Q' [jatharath] See liI'EfT'OCf. ~ [jathavat] See ~. ~ [jathedar] n leader of a group. This term is specially common amongst the Khalsa. "jathedar jokachu kahIdeta. soi path man sabh leta."-PP. ;:rthf;ft [jathebadi] n act of uniting a group. 2 unity, cohesion in the jatha. tl'lffi:J3' [jathocIt] as deemed fit. See~. "dry sIrpau jathocIt jane."-GPS. He' [jad] Skt ~ adv when, whenever. 2 P J) n wound, blow. 3 target. 4 See tfu. ;::re-g [jadahu] See He' 1. "jadahu ape thatu kia bahI kartE."-var brha ill 4. treere' [jadkad] Skt ~ adv whenever. t.reO [zadan] P (;)J) v hurt, attack. 2 aim, target. 'fIt!'f1.r [jadapr] part may be, even if. See~. ~ [jadar], ~ [jadal] A J.;:> n fight, battle, war. ;:ret' [jada] See He' and ~. 2 P Re<J. afflicted, grieved. See t=ItO. ffi!"f4 [jadapI] Skt~. See"tl"efu and ~. Hftr [jadI] Skt tilfu part if. 2 when, whenever. "dukh tade jadI visn:."-brla ill 5. Hftr ftfa' [jadI eft] Skt ~~. "jadI eft sarabgata."-guj jEdev. 'who is free from worry.' t=rfuo [jadIn] on which day. "jadIn ros vah a1 hE." -paras. H't!t [jadi] See i1fu. 2 from the Yadav subcaste;

~aor

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"Pl vr produce,'give birth. 2 adj produced, born. 3 n people. "OI purakh praJ.).i dMnI jan hahI."-var gau 1 m 4. 4 gathering, community. "sun nar munI jan amntu khojde."-an5du. 5 devotee, pious ~. Hg(')fea [jddunaIk] lord of Yaduvanshis, Krishan. person. "dusta seti pIrhari jan SIU vadu Hg(')fea i'i"'fua'r [jddunaIk naIka] beloved of karanI."-v-ar bIla m 3. 6 slave, servant. Krishan, Yamuna.-sanama. "prabhu te janu janijE jan te suami." -sri ~ [jadunath] Yadavnath Krishan. ravIdas. 7 person, being. "sat SdrdnI jo jdnu pdrE so janu udhranhar. "-sukhmani. ~ eft ~ [jddunath ki dara] Yamuna; wife of the lord ofYadavs, Krishan.-sanama. 8 according to Purans, the fifth among the upper seven worlds. In it reside Brahma's son ~taTfu [jCldupatan] Yadavpati Krishan's enemy, arrow.-sanama. Krishan died when he Sankadi and the great yogis. 9 P t:J) wife. "jdn pIsar pdddr bIradra."-tIJag m 1. was hit by an arrow. 2 Jar, the hunter, killed 10 woman. "khivi nek jan jIsu bahuti chau Krishan with an arrow. patrali."-var ram 3. 11 blow, attack; ~ [jddupdtIl, ~ [jadura], H~:' [jdduraI] king of Yadavs - Krishan. "jadupatI mohI imperative of zadan. "mazan teG bdr xun kdS sdnath kio. "-krISaIJ. bedareG."-zaf2Jr. 12 sufone who attacks; used Hga1cljH [jaduragraj] Balbhacbr who was born at the end of the word as in: teGzan. before Krishan; elder brother ofKrishan. "he 13 moonlight. "prathme nanak cadu jagat bhayo jaduragraj ! he jasudhasut."---knsaIJ. anadu tardnI mdl1ukhy j2Jn kidU prdgas." ~ [jaduvi] adj of or for Yadavs. "dJr paryo -savEye m 4 ke. To begin with, Guru Nanak jaduvi pratna par."-krISaIJ. appeared as a moon, and infused the stars ~~ 1!3"(')T [jaduvi pratna] army of Yadavs. (human beings) with his moonlight. Here taran has double meaning i.e. celestial bodies (stars) See~. and tar2JJ.). (exemption from future transmigration). ~ [zadudan] P (;)Y'Y) v clean, remove dirt. ~l1 [jades] 1J1WH god of Yadavs, Krishan. 14 It is also used for knowing, and understanding. "ad I ;'ltjIn jdnIdYO."-gurusobha. 'who -sanama. ~ [jddesanI] queen ofYadvesh (Krishan), has understood.' 15 See Ro. Yamuna.-sallama. tfi'iit [janai] knows. "camrata gathI na janai." tre-Rfu [jadesan] yadav-i:;;-an. enemy of -sor ravIdas. 2 gives birth. ~ [jdns;'lkhya] See ~. Krishan.-scll1ama. See ~orfu. t!F [jada] See ffi: and ~. Hl'lF6 1(') [jdnsthan] country lying between rivers Godavari and Krishna. ;:l'e- [jadd] A - maternal grandfather. 2, paternal grandfather. 3 dynasty, lineage. 4 fate. ~ [janho] know, understand. "jhuth nahi SdtIkE janho."-krISaIJ. 5 elderliness. ROor [jdnak] or t=!7lcg [jdndku] advas if. "tanka R't!t [jaddi] A tJ~ adj ancestral, hereditary. ~l1 [jadves] god of Yadavs, Krishan. "hE na mac;laljdnakmoti."-sol1Ila. 2 adjlearned, allraghves jadves ramapatI, te jIn ko vIsunath knowing. "jdnaku SOI jInhI jaJ.).Ia."-savEye pachanyo."-savEye 33. m 4 ke. "han ka nam janak udharr." -gau m 5.
H"i'i [jan] or HQ [janu] Skt

mfte' [jddid] A

Yadav. "bhdgwan jddi."-knsaIJ. 3 See R-et. ~-'f adj new, fresh. 2 modern. ~ [jddu] Skt ~ leader ofYadavs, a raja from whom the dynasty got its name, See ~~ and

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"janak janak bEthe sfghasanI."-kan am 4. 'The learned sat on the throne.' 3 Skt \JPICfi adj creating, procreating. 4 n father. lEkar dutara gavE sagatr me var asa pakar dudhara vahE satru srr ara hE, karcha IE hath bartavat atutt deg kathrn ko d;)q val) vedh karE para hE, bhaktr gyan prem J vErag ki sunaVE katha carhkE turag jag devE lalkara hE, tatv-gyani dani yodha grrhi tyagi gurucela yah yah! dhany dhany! "janak" hamara he. 5 father-in-law of Ram Chandar, father of Sita; Sirdhvaj. He was a paragon of selfrealisation and morality. Though a raja, he was an ascetic at heart. His royal court had plenty of scholars and saints. "japro namu suk janak gurbacni."-maru m 4. Rajas of Mithila had "Janak" as title, because this was the name of an illustrious predecessor. The following description about tre Janak dynasty is given in Valmik ch I a 71. Nimi was the first raja of Mithila. His son was Mithi who in turn had Janak as his son. It was from him that the dynasty got its name. Janak's son was Udvasu. He had a son whose name was Nandivardhan. His son was Suketu, Suketu's son was Devrat. To him Shiv entrusted his bow, which was broken by Ram Chander during Sita's svayabar. Devrat's son was Brihdrat who had Sudhritiman as his son. Sudhritiman's son was Dhrishtiketu. His son was Hariyashav who had Maru as son. His son was Pratidhak, whose son was Kiratirath. His son was Devmidh whose son was Vibudh, followed by Mahidhrak as his son. His son was Kiratirat whose son was Maharoma. His son was Svaranroma who had Hrasvroma as his son. He had two sons Sirdhvaj, who was father-in-law of Ram and Lachhman, and Kushdhvaj, who was father-in-law of Bharat

and Shatrughan. [janak janak] adj one who enlightens about the Creator; provider ofdivine knowledge. "te jan utam janak janak."--kan m 4. tJOaHT [janakjal, t"l(')Ci(3(')G1i [janaktanyal, t"l(')O(3C'l1fT [janaktanial, t"l(')Ci(i;F<J3 i [janakduhrta], ~ [janakputril Sita. See t"l(')Ci(1j3 i . tIi'iQY6' [janakpur] Mithila, raja Janak's town. AoCi(ij'A [janakrajl n a rule like Janak's, who had realised the supreme reality and was a ruler and asectic combined into one. "rhu janakraj gur ramdas tujh hi bal)ravE."-sovEye m4 ke. AoCi(ij'A' [janakrajal See H"(')'CI(' 5. 2 Janak-like; detached from household affairs. "tuta janakraja autar."-savEye m 2 ke. 3 Janak (creator) raja (enlightened) God, the enlightner. 'H"(')'CI('lfu [janakadr], t"l(')Cl(ft:!Ci( [janakadrkl Janak etc. Janak who is at the top ofthe illustrious in the muster roll. H"i'iC3 [j;makul See H"(')'CI('. ;:rnc't [jankEl after knowing, after finding. "jo larka jankE khrjh hE."-knsan. "bole dayalu brrad nrj janke."-NP 2 after giving birth, after producing. t.ffi}:f [zanax], ~ [zanaxdal P u,-ii; n chin. ~ [jankhel See if. 2 with the benevolence of holy persons. "harr tare sagr jankhe." -natm 4. Hi'i'iit [jange] of the devotees. "prabhr rakhi pEj jange."-nat m 4. 2 Such devotees as are capable chanting hymns. tfi"i'a'I' [janta] Skt n public, people: 2 Skt father (\iff1cD. 3 mother. (Ujf.1~1} Bi"ie' [zanad] P .t; hurts. See t.rt:i'i". 'H'i'i'O [jananl See R<!O. ;::rofo [jananrl, H7i"C'l't [jan-nil adjwho gives birth. "nanak jan-ni dhani mar,"-mala ill 1. 2 n mother. "jananr p r ta 10k sut banr ta." -SOddTU.
tI'i"iCif tJi'i'TCiI'

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"jIu jcm-ni sut jaDI palti."-gau m 4. [jannedny] n organ of procreation. tfc'i1.Ifd" [janpatI] king. 2 master of the devotees - the Creator. ~ [janpad] feet of the devotees. 2 Skt n motherland, people, country. 3 public. ~ [j;mpCldes] jClnpad (country or its people), its king; king ofthe people. 'H"i'i'tf;:r [janpac] See tftl'RO. 2 See tftlHi'i'jf. trc'ifi[Gt" [janpny] adj popular, loved by all the people. 2 n coriander. 3 drumstick tree. 4 Guru Nanak Dev. 'Hi"ilf [janab] P -:->. a town, which in the bygone days, was known for superior swords. Now it is in Armenia. See t=ri'l8T. t=ri'l8T [janbi], ;:rcri1ft [jClnabbij lSi;: a resident of Janab. 2 a sword made in Janab. "sEph sarohi jatI janabbi."-GPS. H'C'lH [janam] Skt7JFP, n birth, production, origin. "janam saphalu hancarDi lage."~maru solhe m 3. 2 life, life-time. ~ [janam astami] See i=rc'lWFJ1it. "janam astami ko dIn ava."-GPs. tr7lHH'l:ft [janamsakhi] n life story, biography. 2 life-story of Guru Nanak Dev. Numerous biographies of Guru Nanak are available. Amongst them two are famous-one is by Bhai Bala and the other is by Bhai Mani Singh. People with vested interests have distorted the original versions. They have mad,~ numerous additions and alterations in them and thus spoilt the originals. See the preface of Janam Sakhi by Macauliffe, published in 1885, !by Gulshan Punjab Press, Rawalpindi. 'Ri'iHfl::r [janamasI], HC'lHlit [janm~si] wm be born. i'I7iliFm [janmasy] See 3mf. ~ m [jClnamkudli] See H7~F~. H7iH3' [janmat] adv since the time of birth. "tE janmat gurmCltI brClhClm pClchaDIo." ~savEye m 5 ke. 2 v takes birth. 3 n public opinion.
H()6"f~G1

4 devotees' opinion. [jClnmad] Skt ~ n father. 2 ignorance, that leads to transmigration. ~ [janamdm] birthday; the day on which birth takes place. ~ [janampatr], ~ [janClmpatnka], ~ [janampatri] n the document that carries the mention of a person's birth time, birth day, year of birth, the stars and planets, and the determination of their auspicious and inauspicious influence; horoscope. ~ [janampadarath] n material birth birth in human foim. "jClnampadarath saphCl1u hE."-sri m 5. ~ [janambhumI] place and region of birth; motherland. ~ [janamVIjog] eternal separation since many births. 2 parting of the soul from birth and body (death). 3 lifelong separation, life long disjunction. "lagan I janamvIjog."-majh barahmaha. tIi'i1-/';l'T [jClnClm:ra] n birth. "bClhup na hovi jClnamra."-var maru 2 m 5. ~ [janmClriah] taking birth, getting born. "bahup na janmariah."-majh barahmaha. ~ [janma$tmi] Skt \J1 l1l iS C'.:JiI birthday of Krishan; eighth day ofthe dark halfofBhadon. "jClnClmastmi ramn3mi."-BGK. i1I'i'W3' [janmat], 'R'o}-rTg [jClnClmatu] birth and death. 2 another birth. "metIa jClnClmatu." -sClvEye m 4 ke. . 'H7il-fTll [j;mmadhe] take birth. "bClhun bClhun janmadhe."-asa m 5. H7ifi.r [jcmClmI] adv having taken birth. "janClmI marahI JUE baji hari."-asa m 4. 2 during life time. "purab janamI bhagatI kan ae." -bila am 4. HC'ifHl;f-e [janamImue] were born and died. 2 died at the time of birth. 3 those who have spent a non-benevolent life; as good as dead.
H'C'l'Ht!'
r

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"janamImue nahI jivan asa. "-a{jkar. 'fI"i'illft [janai] got realised, made known. "jeti ;:ro}fj=J'ljf [janmejay], ;:ro}fW prabhu janai rasna tet bhani."-asa ch:'Jt ill 5. [janmeja] greatgrandson ofArjun, grandson of 2 got delivered. 3 payment for getting a child Abhimanyu, son ofParikshit, Kuruvanshi king delivered. Janamejya, who was enemy of snakes. J fIOTU [janah] See fi:ror 5. Parikshit, father of Janamejay, was bitten by frc'ilC{ [janak] adj who enlightens; who imparts Takshak, as a result of which he died. To knowledge. See ~~. avenge the death of his father, Janamejay, fIi')T CfOT [jana kana] adj everyone, everyday. "sun rijhat hE su janoru kano."-krIsan. See organised a sarapmedh yagy, during which numerous snakes were reduced to ashes. ~. Finally at the advice of sage Astik, he stopped flOTflT [janaja] A ~;I>. dead body, corpse. 2 ritual his sarapmedh yagy and spared the life of of taking away the dead body to the specified Takshak. "janmej raj mahan."-gyan. "rovahI place for cremation or burial. 3 bier. janmeja khuI gaIa."-var ram 1 m 1. tfi'il"3" [janat] A ..:.-~ n plural of janat; gardens, R'i'i'AA [janmejE] Janamejay has. "janmejE orchards. 2 See fi::'i'oro. 3 Hone who enlightens. gursabad na janIa."-gau am 1. 'As Janamejya See tfI013". did not heed Vyas's dictum, disease struck 'fI'O'i')T [janana] H v make known, find out. 2 be him.' 2 See~. born. 3 P ,.;t) related to women. ~ [j;:'l11motsav] birthday celebration. ~ [janab I A ,-:,",1>. n honorific vocative; sir. ~ [janvasa] place where a marriage party fj()lijt!(') [janardan] SkI ~ adj deliverer or terminator of birth-death cycle; whose grace is put up. ~ [janvac.lal, ~ [janvaral, ~ redeems a person from the cycle of birth and [janvara] a town near Bidar, in the state of death. 2 one who gives trouble to the people. Hyderabad Deccan, whose noble men 3 n Vishnu. -Rustam Rai and Bala Rai, were got released ~ [janavar] See~. 2 bird. "gyan janavar from prison by Guru Gobind Singh. ki lai baj hVE cakhi."-krrsan. ~ [janvesur] lord of Janvara. See~. Rfo [jam] SkI n reproduction, birth. 2 mother. fIi')T [jana] person. ";warI pac ham ek jana." 3 motherland. -gau m 1. 'There are five enemies and I am ~ [j;mIClt] ~. knows. "jako rup rag nahI janIat."-hajare 10. alone.' 2 SkI origin, birth. 3 adj bogotten, 'tl'fo3' [jamtJ Skt adj born. "moh jamt SaSE sabh produced. 4 plural of jan. "satjana sunahI subhbacan. "-sukhmani. 5 See fi:ror 5. harh"i."-NP 2 produced, reproduced. ~ [janaul).a] See ~. tJf7f't!T [janfda] adj aware, knowledgeable. 2 one who gives birth; one who produces or ~ [janaur] See ~. ~ [janaIa] made one realise, made reproduces. known. "prabhu janaIa tab hi jata."--prabha a ~ [janfdrl king, provider, ruler. 2 the lord of devotees, the Creator. "sri janfdr ko coj m 5. 2 bore, gave birth. ~ [j;:maIt] See t=!7i"B. bIsala. "--salah. [There have been two Janmejays before him; for this ~ [jamyat] knows. See~. "adhIk rup jamyat tako jag."-carrtr 251. "jagat bhayo tate reason. he should be called Janmejay Ill.

;:nrih::r [janmej],

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After the enunciation of Ved mantars, cotton balls are collected from the field. Then bieari hanjani. "-basal: m 5. 2 known, they are de-seeded. After taking a seat on the understood. "murakh bat jani na kaehu." embankment of a well, one spins cotton thread -krIsau 3 Skt maidservant. 4 wiife, consort. with a spinning top hanging in the well. When S woman. twisted cotton thread is ready, enough to 'tl"OT [jani] devotees have. See t17iT I. suffice for a full length janeu, this is thrice ~ [jania] See t17iT 3 and OTJ-Itl7il:r;w. folded and twisted into a cord. Those three tri'i'tlir3' [janiyat] See ;::rfon.s, i=ITo:or3' and H"C'fh:;ro. twisted cords make an agar and two agars make FI'Q [janu] devotee. See RO 6.. "janu nanak magE a janeu. Such a janeu is worth wearing by the danu. "-var ram 2 m 5. 2 person, man. See RO dVIj. It is worn on the left shoulder and hung 7. "sa t saran I jo janu par." --sukhmal1i. on the right side. While performing funerary 3 advas if. "srOl.)at dhar mli nabh ko janu sur rites in honour of the deceased ancestors, this ko ram jalajulI dino."-c5<;fi 1. "naUlsunatjanu is worn on the right side. bIehua c;lasana."-ram m 5. 4 Skt birth, , Per Manu's belief a Brahman's janeu reproduction. should be of cotton, Kshatri's of jute and ~ [j;muk], ~ [janubr] advas if. "j;mu Vaish's of ram's wool. At the time of janeu kar jae na kakh te."-carItr 12.5. 'as ifnot born ceremony, a Brahman should wear the hide from the mother's womb.' of a black deer, a kshatri of a red deer and Fl'Qcfu:r [januki$] januk-i$; as if Brahma has. vaish ofa male goat. Apart from it, a brahman "ap hath janukis savari."---carItr 220. 'as if should hold a staff of bII or palah, a kshatri Brahma has created with his own hands.' of banyan tree and a vaish of~ [pHu] tree. ~ [januvam] cpdholder ofJanhvi (Ganga) For a brahman, janeu ceremony should be - the earth. "januvanI pad ko adI pearo. jaear performed in the eighth, for a kshatri in kahI nayak pad c;laro. satru sabad ko bahur eleventh and for a vaish in twelfth year, from bhalpjjE. nam tuphag cin cIt IIjjE.. "--sanama. conception. 'the earth that carries Janhvi (Ganga); grass According to Narad's belief, janeu grown from that; the antelope that grazes it; ceremony for a brahman should be performed its hunter, the lion, and the lion's enemy, the in spring, for a kshatri in summer and for a vaish in winter. gun.' t=I"Ql'W [janua] of the devotees. of the disciples. ~ t!1' ~ [janeu da hatth], ~ tT ~ [janeu "dhUrI punit tere janua."-bavcm. :2 who is da var] striking with a sword, in such a way that it cuts the body obliquely in two parts, i.e. related to a devotee. from the left shoulder to the right side, as a HQ7i [janun] A l;JY? lunacy, mania. S~:e f1:ro;r. ;::rg1r [janub] A ,":""Y? n south. See f~!l=iT. janeu is worn. t1Q1it [janubi] adj southern. ~ [jane$] n king. 2 the Creator. ~ [janeu] n sacred thread. "sat vn;t sajam, tffi'3' [janet] n marriage procession, wedding jat VII.) kahe janeu?"-ram d m 1. In Hindu procession. See R'i'iJf 4 and II. scriptures the following procedure is ~ [janeta] Dg n father. Skt ~ (~). , prescribed for preparing a janeu. ~3t [janeti] members of a marriage party.

sabh janIyat. "-c)bis.

'ffi'l't [jani] disciples have, devotees have. "Ih

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"so sClbh jClpClt kClr6 ghClr bara. "--GPs.

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Cfl\iPT~&

I l:f'5\if'H01

I co5(t;U"[ I

tItlO [jClpcm], tfl../7iT [jClpna] Skt n act of reciting.

cP"T7,ST~

11:[1:fl~'l'fl1IIf~Bq'ITlSf~~!ff1

"mCln hCln hCln jClpCln kClre." -sri m 4 vaIJ.jara. read forward and backward constitute one 2 v perform recitation. 3 adj worthy of being hundred numbers. When the first letter ofeach performed as recitation. "nanClk jap jClPE hCln class with the same place of articulation (31 Cfl jClpna."-gau m 5. 'q C (l 1:[ n 'IT) is added, the count comes to 108. 'RtI"01 [jClpni] n a rosary for counting mantars or It is also stated that every sign ofthe zodiac recitations. See R'lIJ-ITW. "mokau dehu hare hCln has nine characters. Hence 12 muliplied by jClpni. "-asa m 5. "jClpni kath ki kIa nine come 108. There is another view that each dIkhlavahI 10I?"-s kabir. 2 Gomukhi, a sac planet has four characters and there are 27 in which telling of rosary beads is done. planets. Hence 108 letters are there. mffilt;r [japniy] Skt adjworthy of being recited. Muslim rosary (tasbi) contains 100 beads, tI'tfQ [jClpClnu] See FItl?i'. "hCln hCln jClpClnu jClpClU out of which 99 signify qualitative nouns and dIn rati."-dhana m 4. one proper noun for reciting the name ofAllah. ~ [jClpne] See ~. "han ka japu jClpClhu "mala tasbi torkE JIU SclU tIvE Clthotar laIa." japujapne~"-maru solhe m 5. 'Recite the name -BG Some Mohammedans possess a rosary of God , who is worthy of chanting. ,. of 101 beads, including a premier bead (meru). m.r !P [jClp bha] n miracle of recitation. See Offift. manifestation of NAM. See ~. "mue jive The Christian rosary contains one hundred hClnjClp bha."-prabha m 4 and fifty wooden beads. There is one large ~ [jClpma1], ;::n.mrw [jClpmalaJ a rosary for bead after ten small ones. Hence there are counting mantars or recitations, l[n Hindu 135 small and 15 large beads. Upon small scriptures, three types of rosaries are beads are repeated maternal (Ave Maria) and mentioned: upon large beads paternal (Pater Noster) (a) kClrmala (to count upon fingers) invocations. (b) vClrdl).mala (to visualise letters from fto Christians also possess a rosary of 55 Gr as rosary, and assign numbers from ij- to ;r) beads. It is called chaplet. It contains fifty small (c) Clk:;;mala (a rosary of beads) made from and five large beads. Similar repetition is performed as in the case of a rosary of 150 rudrak:;;, seeds of lotus or beads made from beads. Among the Roman Catholics rosary is ivory, fragments of corich shell, sandalwood, holy basil, pearls, crystal, coral etc. awarded special significance. There are 111 beads in the rosaries oflains. In Yogini Tantar, Mahadev states that a rosary oftwenty-five beads brings deliverance, Sikhism does not believe in (')T}f [nam] one of twenty-seven strength, one of thirty specific number of repetitions. "hClnmala ur ;'}tClrI dharE. janam marClI). ka dukh nIvare." delivers wealth, one of fifty ushers spiritual power, and one of one hundred and eight -asa m 5. "hndE jClpni jClpClU gUl).tasa."-bIla m 3 var 7. "mClnI jClpiE han japmala."-mali m showers complete emancipation. According to Tantar ShastaI', the fa !lowing 4. See 'i3TO WW. fifty letters~ [jClpmali] n rosary for counting mantars or recitations. See tn-n-fTW. "dhoti tIka tE 31 3D ~ ~ \3" "31 ~ ~ ~ ~ 'Q; iJ, 3iT 3fr ~i 31:

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repeats, performs jW [jap]. "dInu rE1:lI japatha."-var mart! 2 m 5. 2 repeat, perform j::p1.f" [jap]. "jE jEkar japathI nara."-sdveye m 3 ke. ~ [japadral, trtf-e;ft [japadri] repeats or performs j::p1.f" [jap]. "nam japadri lali. "-var ram 2m5. tItfo [japan] (they) repeat, perform j::p1.f" [jap]. mfOT [japana] See i1t/?). "kahe kau kijE dhIanu japana."-asa namdev. 2 See Ht.f?iT. Rtl'fo [japanr] See mfo. i'fl.!~ [jap-haul, ~ [japyau] repeated, performed j::p1.f" [jap]. "jap-hau j:mh arjundev guru."-s;wEye m 5 ke. 2 known. 3 pleased. See 01JI1.f vr.
~ [jdpye~;var] SeeH11?l)~'ij.

~.

~ [japhar] A / ' n victory, triumph, conquest.

2 success. 3 nom de plume of the last Mughal emperor (Bahadur Shah Rangila) was Zafar. See 8<J'1fQF.j'<J 2. ~O'W [japhar nama] P ,~t,,;J; letter ofvictory. 2 History of Timur written by Sharffudin in the year 1425 (Sammat 1482). 3 a letter written by Guru Gobind Singh to Aurangzeb in Sammat 1763 from Kangarh village. It was in Persian couplets and was sent to Aurangzeb in Deccan through Bhai Daya Singh and Dharam Singh. This letter is known as Zafarnama (the letter of victory). It contains the description ofunjust and unworthy deeds of the emperor couched in beneficent advice. Certain unknown writers have distorted the text of Zafarnama. But after collecting numerous manuscripts with a great effort, we have revised the text and the same will be printed in Persian and Gurmukhi scripts for the benefit of the readers. ~ 'J'l'lfua' [japharnama sahIb] a gurdwara in Kangar Patti of village Dyalpur, situated in

Phool nizamat ofNabha state. A magnificient building of the gurdwara came into being on Bhai Mani Singh's persuasion. It is at this place that Zafarnama was written. Free hold land for two ploughs has been donated by the state to the gurdwara. When the Guru had his majestic residence there, Dyalpura was not inhabited. This land belonged to Kangarh village. ffilT (jafa] A G? tyranny. 2 misery, distress. "kar btak pE fIpU tar daye bIn hi dharae sar sayam japha. "-krISCln. 3 See Rr;;r. ;:wcu;r [jafaka~] P adj the oppressed, the persecuted. 2 hard working (people). tlW [jappha], ;:fcl [japphi] n tight embrace, hug. Its root is in Persian word jafa. Rlf [jab] adj when. "jab ham sara!.).I prabhu ki ai."-dev m 4. traU [jabah] See Fra' and Fra' tit. 2 See f'Ha<:r. mrtit [jab-hi] See Fra'. "jab-hi nrrdhan dekhIo nar kau, sag chaQI sab bhage."-sor m 9. mr era- [jab kab] adj whenever. "jab kab tuhi tuhi." -ram kabir. trS'3' [jabat] A k? n forfeiture, confiscation. 2 restraint, discipline. 3 intimidation. 4 administration. mr ~ [jab tak] adv till then. See ~ 2. mr5t [jabti] P seizure; act of confiscating. See R"lE'. tm"a' [jabar] A /.J n writing. 2 understanding. 3 patience. 4 discussion. 5 P adv above, over. 6 adj powerful, dominant. 7 n a mark in grammar which shortens a vowel. "jer te jabar ::Ir mayne krtaban ke."-NP 8 A ,;? pushing and shoving. 9 youngman, youth. 10 warrior, brave man. 11 adjmuch, enough, plenty. "jevar jabar javahar jare."-GPs. 12 algebra. mratfar [jabarjag] adv warrior; brave, valiant. 2 n pickaxe, adze. 3 small gun carried on a camel; cannon, balloon, big gun. "asat dhatu

JIG?

J?

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da jabarjag."-BG "jabarjag ham kai ca1ai." dispenses justice. "jam dan badha cota -G V 10. "tupak bhan jabar jag hathnal." khae."-majh am 1. 6 god of death. "jam ki -sanama. katiE teri phas."--ram m 5. 7 P (. great king, emperor. 8 Suleman and Jamshaid. Bsae'} [zabardast] P .:;...r'U; adj strong, ~ [jamaia] has planted, has confirmed. powerful, mighty. "han han bhagatI jamia."-brla am 4. 2 one ~ [zebardastxa] (:.Il,;.:;...r'u; commanderwho plans. 3 son-in-law. in-chiefofLahore, who alongwith Wazir Khan of Sirhind, in Sammat 1761 went to Anandpur tIl-IU [jamah], tll-Ifu [jamahI] ofYam. "han han karat nahi dukh jamah."-g.JQ namdev. "dura to arrest Guru Gobind Singh. He was appointed aIO jamahI tal).a."-sri trrloccm 2 to Yam, for subedar ofLahore during the reign ofemperor Yam. 3 take birth. were born. "prabhu bIsrat Jahandarshah. mrao [jabaran] A Ip> adv forcibly, perforce, man jamahI abhage."-g~lU thrti m 5. 4 See ffi-IT. 5 See RH. violently. ~ [jamhur] A ./;!- all, entire, general; equal, tiSa'e!M [jabarai1] See ~ 4 and ~. Republic. ~ [jab1au], ;::rm;)QJ [jab1agu] advtill. "jab 1au nahi bhag 1I1ar UdE." -savEye m 5 ke. "jab1agu ~ [jamhuri] A 1.5./;!- ofall, of general public as "jamhuri saltanat". Repu b1ican sas hOI man atan."-kah am 4. 'so long as (Democracy). one is alive. ' ;;:mf [zaba], F.f8l?) [zaban] P uP sense of taste, ffifQ [jamak] See un-rcx. il11ct""iJRl' [jamkagar] paper of Yam, Yamraj's tongue. 2 language. office, where actions of people are recorded. mfl'S' [jabab] or tJST" [jababu] A ",:","I? n answer. "phare jamkagar,"-g;:w m 5. "sa1amu jababu dOVE kare muqhahu ghutha NH OfT UfTC [jam ka ghat] the way of Yam. "jau jaI."-var asa m 2. 2 example, illustration. na jam kE ghat."-mala m 5. tisisft!Jl [jababdIhi] P l5')",:","lj~ n accountability. ~ [jamkal], ~ [jamka1u] Skt time of "karo jababdIhi In sag."-GPS. Yam; two times; twice; the time of birth and ~ [jababu] See t=fa'Ta". death. "jamkal te bhae nIkal).e."-dhana m 5. ~ [jabbar] A .Il? n in Koran, epithet for God. "jamkalu tIsu nep na aVE."-majh a m 5. 2 adjpowerful, mighty. 2 adj deadly Yam. ~ [zabbur] A A.; adjwritten, recorded. 2 n document, deed. 3 a religious scripture ~ [jamkfkar], ~ [jamkakar], ~ [jamkakaru] Skt l:1l1fchSCfi,( n servant of Yam, revealed to David, included amongst the divine angel ofdeath; messenger ofdeath. "jamkakar texts. Psalms ofDavid. See ~and tJ'Qfor3raT. man bIdananu."-sava m 4. "jam kakaru nerI NH [jam] short for janam. "jam ka1 SIrO na utr." na aIa."-sor m 5. -var majh m 1. 'cannot get rid of birth and death.' 2 Skt Yam, the god of death;' Shani. RHUIG [jamghat] n crowd, stampede. 2 Yam's way; path of death. 3 routine. 4 first part ofyog, which has these ten parts: non-violence, truth, abandonment of ;:J}fl.IlTG [jamghat] See m-r OfT UJlZ. theft, celibacy, mercy, guilelessness, IDIi.lH [zamzam] A (.7; a well situated near Kaaba in Mecca, considered sacred. It derives forgiveness, patience, restraint in the eating its name from an incident. When alongwith her offood, and piety. 5 Dharamraj, the god who

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son Ismail, Ibrahim's wife Hajrah (nZ~), feeling ~ [jamc;1.ac;l.h] See ~. very thirsty, came close to this well, Ismail ;:mnr [jamc;lac;l.al, ~ [jamc;laQu] Yam's cudgel. 2 punishment inflicted by Yam. "jamc;lac;lu shouted - "stop stop". In Eyptian language zam means stop. Some other scholars are of the sahahI sada dukh pae. "-gau a m 3. view that zam means to fill.. Here at this place tI'JfC!' [jarna.Q.] See R('i}f(') and ~. was a pit for worshippers offinl. When thirsty 'i1lf"3' [jamat] born. Skt ~ n adoption, assimilation. "pac bhut baSI kine jamat na Hajrah and Ismail reached this place and found tras."-savEye m 4 ke. 'have controlled five no water, they were very much distressed. evi Is by adopting them and not through a show Then they prayed to God to fill that pit with of fear.' water. Their prayer was granted and the pit was filled with water. Thus the mother and ~ [jamatu] is born, takes birth. "besua ke ghan put jamatu hE."-dev m 4. the son quenched their thirst. Hajis regard it sacred to drink from this well tmt:cl'I'O [jamdagan], ~ [jamdagam] Skt ~ a brahman ofBhrigu lineage, who was and some people end their fast with its water. the son ofRichik and Satyavati. Jamdagani's As people bring Gangajal from Haridwar, so mother Satyavati was the daughter of king do believers take water of zam zam in bottles to different parts of the world. This water is Gadhi of Kshatri dynasty. There is a mention alkaline and very hard. Among Muslims, it is in Vishnu Puran that once saint Richik, by regarded a pious act to put zam zam water virtue of his austerity, prepared divine food. A son with the qualities of a brahman was to be into the mouths of the dying persons. born if this food was taken. At the same time IDfi31-fT [zamzama] A ~7; n prayer which he prepared another food and gave it to Parsees recite in a low voice while 'worshipping fire and taking food. 2 in music tone's vibration; Satyavati's mother to eat, and with that food a warrior son was to be born. The two generating a vibrating tone from the throat or exchanged their foods, with the result that with a string. Richik's son Jamdagani became a warrior l and ~ [jamjal] n noose of Yam. "nIt johe jamjale."-sri m 3. 2 hunter's net, trapper's Gadhi Kshatri's son became Vishvamitar, a brahman. noose. It is mentioned in Mahabharat that when ~ [jamjaII] in the noose of Yam or a Jamdagani had mastered all the Veds, he went trapper. "jIu machuli phathi jamjalI."-o~kar. ~ [jamjevra], ~ [jamjevri.}, ~ to king Renu or Prasenjit of the sobr dynasty [jamjevra] noose ofYam. "cahu dIS pasno hE and demandeG his daughter Renuka. The king gave him his daughter and from her, Jamdagani jamjevra."-sor kabir. had five sons - Rumnvan, Sushen, Vahu, Vishva ~ [jamjadaru] Yam, the executioner. See 'fi:fuTQ and~. "jamjadaru na aVE nere."--dhana vahu and Parshuram. The place of Jamadagni '5 residence is m5. tI'"H'H [jamc;lac:lhhl n dagger. See FIl-f"e"r;r. known as Zamania in Ghazipur district. "jamc;lac;lhh krIpa.Q. mkarhfge. "-kalki. IThere is a myth that due to blessings from Jamadagni's father, the qualities ofa warrior-centre were transfeiTed ~ [jamc;liic;l], ~ [jamc;liic;l.a] cudgel of instead of his son to Parshuram the grandson. Yam. "mIlE jamc;liic;la."-suhi m.5.

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punishment. "rasna ram nam hIt jakE, kaha karE Zamania is the corrupt form of Jamdaganiya. "gavE jamdaganI paras ramesur."-S;:lVEye m 1 jamna?"-asa k;:lbir. ~ [jamanapatI] Yamuna's husband ke. See HtlIjS'Q, ~, l.RJFRJT}f and ~. Krishan. 2 god Varun is lord of river Yamuna ~ [jamdaQQ], ~ [jamdarhl, ~ -S;:lnama. [jamadarhl Skt "!il"Htf'F[sT n dagger, which resembles Yam's grinder tooth. 2 bIchua, a 'fI"Hi'iTl.ffo ~tr [jamnapatI ayudh] lord of Yamuna, Varun; his weapon, noose.-S;:lnama. poniard with a curved projecting part. 3 double2 lord of Yamuna - Krishan; his weapon edged dagger. See ~. sudar:;;an cakr.-s;:lnama. ~ [jamdipakl n an earthen lamp lighted, rd IDI7i"'f1..r3' [jamanapIt] Yamuna's father, the sun. in the courtyard for the sake ofYam on the 3 of the dark half of Kattak. ;:n.ffi3"ffi [jamnotril Yamnotri, Bandarpuchh mountain! in Himalayas, which is also known ~ [jamdut] n angel of death. "jamdut na aVE nerE."-sor m 5. as Kalindgiri, is the source of Jamna. From here descends this river. 2 A place in Prayag RHmJ' [jamdharl, ~ [jamdharl See~. where Ganga meets Jamna. t=I'HtI"e [jamdhal)] battledrum. It derives its name from the fact that two battledrums are placed HHt.l'J1 [jampasl the noose of Yam. on a horse etc. "satt pai jamdhal) kau."-dh;fi ffiil.ITfi:r [jampasI] in the noose of Yam. "namu na paIa, te bhag-hin jampasI."-sod;:lru. 3. 2 ~ a musical instrument mounted with tJHl..f'Ef [jampath], ~ [jampathu] the way of leather. ~ [jamdhal)i] n Yamdhani, the capital of Yam. "jampath bIkhra."-g;:lu chJt m 5. ~ [jambahal)], "i'Il-fST<Tc') [jambahanl Yam's Yam. 2 upon battledrums. "satt pai jamdhal)i." vehicle for riding, a male buffalo. "jambahal) ~cJ(ii 3. See ~. jIu arrae.'?-cJ(ii 3. 'ffifQ'IQ [jamdhar] See ~. t=I}{'l:l'TijT [jamdhara] See ~. 2 a section of RHHfur[jammagI] in the way ofYam. "jam magI Yam's law. "aval)u jal)u nahi jamdhara." na javahu."-tukha chJt m 1. -maru so111e m 1. Hl-IHQT [jam magul, ~ [jam rnarag] way to mro [jaman] See R?i1-f(') and ~. 2 See R1:f?i". Yampuri. "jammarag kE sagi path."-bhE'r m 5, 3 See Oll-IO. 4 See~. "ae ah~mev yut jaman." mRJT [jamra], Rl-Rl"'fu [jamraIl, i'lHO'tf [jamrajJ -GPS. 'Turks came overflowing with Yamraj. "kaha karE jamra?"-asa kabir. ~ [jam<ll] See liJ}-f(? arrogance.' RHOf1..ra1" [jamanpIta] sun, the father ofYamuna. ~ [jamlarj;m] Skt ~o a pair ofArjun trees. There is a tale in the Bhagvat that once "jamanpIta carh gagan majhara."-GV 1O. Nalkuvar, son of Kuber, and his brother ffi-I7iT [jan;na] Skt Yamuna, a well known river Manigriv were openly cohabiting with women of India, one of the three rivers that make a confluence. Purans mention it as sun's IThe water of the spring from which Yamuna originates is daughter. Its origin is in the territory ofTehri very hot. It is said that after burning Lank~ Hanuman put out the fire of his tail here; that is why its water is in Himalayas at a height of 10,850 feet. It flows a distance of860 miles and merges with Ganga hot and the name of the mountain is BandaI' Puchh near Paryag. There is a belief among Hindus (Monkey's Tail), See Geographical Dictionary by Nundo Lal Dey. that a bath in Yamuna protects from Yam's

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on the bank of Ganga near mountain Kailas. 2 row of Muslims engaged in saying prayers. Seeing this, Narad cursed them to remain in RlfT3T [jamata] See ~ 3. this world as trees. Hence both of them grew ~ [jamati] adjclassfellow, one's peer, equal. as Arjun trees in Vrajbhumi. Krishan in his "aip;'}thi sagal jamati."-japu. 'To treat all as childhood broke these trees with a woodenequals i.e. not to discriminate against anybody, mortar and thus, redeemed from the curse, is to be the follower ofAipanth.' both the brothers proceeded to heaven. ffifTt!I"ij' [jamadar] adj a soldier, who keeps labourers together. 2 head of a gathering. 3 n 2 Nalkuvar and Manigriv also came to be known as Jamlarjun, as they had become a a designation in the army. pair of Arjun trees. "ukhal kanh al'2lT kIdh5 IDfl'fu [jamadr] yam-adr. Yam etc. "Ichasr jamadI parabhy;'}."-gujjEdev. See~. balb: tan ko tur tordae hi'. t.J nTkse tlnte RWO [jaman] victorious. "s;'}t jamane adr :,}te." jamlarjun kE blnti surlok gae h1':."-knsan. -akal. 2 surety, guarantor. "nahr UgE khet ham ~ [jamvahan] vehicle used by Yam for riding - the male buffalo. See ~'. h1': jaman."-NP 3 A ULJ n time, period. 4 sky. "jamin jaman saban ko pekhE."-akal. ~ [jamvar] time of birth" 2 age. "tin yes "jamin ko det jaman ko dEhE." -akal. jamvarvICc."-BG. 'childhood, youth and old ~ [zaman~ah] 8(;(;.iLJ king of Ghazni and age, the three phases of life.' Kabu I. He was son of Taimurshah and ~ [jamval] a subcaste of Rajputs. Jammu grandson ofAhmad Shah Abdali. He ascended state was established by Jamvals. the throne in 1793 AD. In 1797 AD, he invaded RW [jama] A n sumtotal, grand total. Punjab and tortured Sikhs and Hindus a lot. 2 collection. 3 also used for satisfaction Learning of turmoil at home, he returned to (xatIrjama). "IS brdhI taki jama karai." Ghazni, leaving behind his son Kiran Shah in -GV 10. Punjab. 'In the year 1800 AD his younger tIl-fT [jama] See RW. 2 See 'ffi-fT?) 4. "jaminul jama brother Mahmood Shah tortured him by getting hE."-japu. 'his eye balls gorged out. ~ [jamaul)a] v cause birth, cause begetting. 2 coagulate as in case of milk. 3 be steadfast. 'fJHI03' [jamanat] A ~1;9 n surety. RWi')T [jamana] adj of Yam, relating to Yam. 4 produce, to raise. "tIS nari ko dukh na jamanE."-gau ill 5. 2 A 'RHTfuc!' [jaman:d See ~. ~LJ n time. "ahE vadh ghate ko sou jamana." ~ [jamaI;:llW] S coagulatol', the curd or yogurt that is put into milk to coagulate it. 2 v -NP 3 world. ~ [jamanE] See ;:p.fT(jT. 2 in the world. coagulate. ~ [jamalt] See FJ}fT3". HWa' [jamar] See ;:roo "R1-Iret [jamai] produced. 2 firmly fixed. "hrrdE t=JHTl? [jamal] A Jlz n beauty. "kI husnul-jamal hE." -japu. 2 quality, nierit. "karni kamal ram nam lehu jamai."-bhEr ill 3. 'Hold nam jamaI."-cau ill 5. See trtJ'/?-tft3". 3 a devoted steadfast in your mind.' 3 Skt "fl11lfc:r son-in-law. of Guru Arjan Dev. 4 a devotee, who disciple ~ [jamal).aJ, RJ-!TCJ [jamal).i] adjofYam. "cuki renounced Islam and became an ardent disciple kal). jamal).i.','-vaQ cMH ill 5. "dukh sahE of Guru Hargobind and attained selfjamal).E." -BG. realisation. "mia jamal nrhal hE."-BG. 5 a ffifl3' [jamat] A ..::.J'lz class, group, gathering.

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faqir of Lahore who was a brother of Kamal. He died in 1650 AD. ~ [jamalxa] See ~/. ~ [jamalgotal Skt~. L Croton liglium. a tree from the fruit and seeds of which oil is extracted, and used as a purgative. It creates dryness, is very hot and pungent in effect. It should be used carefully per directions of a physician. It dries moisture of the body and cures diseases ofthe blood and the skin. tl"J-R'O [jamavcm] See ~. trfif [jam I ] Yam (did). "jamI pakrIa tab hi pachutana."-g,m a ill 3. 2 after taking birth. "jamI jalln man:."-maru ;'ijuli ill 5. mit [j"mi] See m-flo. 2 born, produced. 3 angels of death (did), Yams (did). 4 river Yamuna. 5 having an expedient ~ ~ [j"miat] A ~ a gathering. 2 satisfaction, contentment. ~ [zamidar] P .AK; proprietor of land, landlord. 2 Jatt. 3 in Bengal rentiers of land who pay land revenue to the state and themselves recover it from the cultivators. ~ [z"midari] landlordism, act ofasserting ownership ofland. 2 landlord's occupation. m.fto [z"minl P t:t; earth, land. Skt ~. IDfu.rr [j"mima] A ~ supplement, appendix. 'ffI-fta' [j"mir] A n conscience. 2 heart. 3 inner voice. Hl.f [jamul Yam, god of death; Yamraj. "jInI j"mu kita so sevir."-var vaQ ill 3. m.:ro[jamun] river Yamuna, See R>-I'O'". "dutia j"mun gae."-tuklIa clI;'}t ill 4. 'Other holy places shifted from Kurukshetar to Yamuna.' 2 according to the yog doctrine, a beat passing through the p fgla, the right one of the three vessels running from the loins to the head. "ulti gaga j"mun mIlavau." --gav kabir. Hl;fi'l7ft [jamun-ni] the holder or bearer of river Yamuna, earth.-,sanailla.

tIlj"OT

t:rlj~l

[j"muna] See R>-I'O'". [jamunadril mountain from which Yamuna originates; Kalind mountain. See ~. 2 a resident of Kalind mountain. See
~.

~ [j"munapatI], ~ [jamunapItl

.2

Krishan and Varun. See HH<'i"tl'fu and ~. ~ [j"munabhrat] Yamuna's brother, Yam. There is a myth that the sun had twins, Yam and Yamuna. Hl.ffoo1 [j"munIni] earth. See tIl:fi'i?l1. roJ~ [zamurrudl A J;; n emerald. ill;PW [j"mua] Yam. 2 angel of death. "jamua takE nIk"tI na jae."--g;'iQ a ill 5. ~ [j"mura] n boy accompanying ajuggler and performing tricks per his directions. See~. trH [j"mE] takes birth, is born, grows. "gurmukhI bijE s"cu jC}mE. "-asa a ill 3. 2 gathering. "jogi dIgab"r jamE s"nu jasi." -var illaru 2 ill 5. 3 totally, in toto. "jamE kalE te chutE."-blIer ill 3. itHliI3" [j"mEydt] See ~. RtiI" [jay] Skt n victory. "dev tOhI jas j"y j"y japahI."savEye ill 5 ke. 2 a servant of Vishnu. See RtiI" fu::n;r. 3 Indar, chief of the deities. HIiIfA'ur [jaysfgh] Ambar, king of Kachhwaha dynasty who was the son of Maha Singh. He remained in Shah Jahan's attendance and received the title of "Mirza". In 1664 AD Aurangzeb appointed him subedar ofDeccan. He died in 1666 AD. He was a scholar of Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian and was a stateman as well. He was a devout follower of Guru Har Krishan. Bhai Santokh Singh has by mistake referred to him as Sawai Jai Singh, ruler of Jaipur. 1 2 Jai Singh Sawai was son ofBisan Singh. He founded Jaipur city and transferred the

'''tIS chIn nnp juysfgh s<Jvai. sun vntat sabh kahyo bujhai."-G1?S
Ta$I

10

32.

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capital from Ambar to this place. He ascended the throne in 16fJ:7 AD (Sammat 1755).1 After the death of Aurangzeb, he sided with Azam Shah in the ensuing tussle between the princes. Bahadur Shah confiscated the state of Jaipur and appointed Sayyad Hussain Ali Khan as its ruler. When Bahadur Shah went to Deccan to subdue his brother Kambaksh, in 1708 AD, Jai Singh, with the support ofAjit Singh Rathaur, once again occupied Jaipur. During the reign of Farukhsiyar, Jai Singh was awarded the title of rajadhnaj and Mohammad Shah honoured him with the title of Sivai and appointed him ruler of Malwa. He died in the year 1742 and upon his death his son Ishvari Singh succeeded him. This second Jai Singh Savai was a great astronomer. He got observatories (popularly known as Jantar Mantar) erected at Delhi,2 Banaras, Mathura, Ujjain and Jalipur. His genealogy is given below: Bhara Mall (alias Bihari Mall)
I

Bhagwan Das I Man Singh

I

Bhau Singh I MahaSingh I Jai Singh Mirza

I

Ram Singh
I

Bisan Singh
I

Jai Singh Savai I Ishvari Singh Ntilfi:fuIyQT [jaysfgpura] a village set up near Delhi where used to be the camp of Mirza Jai
IGuru Harkrishan passed away in Sammat 1721. 2This Observatory was built by Jai Singh Savai in 1710.

Singh. It was meant to meet the requirement of his army. Impressed by the affection of Jai Singh, Guru Harkrishan stayed here for sometime. The name ofthe gurdwara is Bangia Sahib, which is now situated in New Delhi between Jai Singh road and Cantonment road and its back is towards Ashoka Road. While New Delhi was being founded, Jai Singh road was demolished, only a few buildings including Dev mandir were spared. Hlird6t [jaykari] See ~ tT ~ 1. ~ [jaykrI$an] author poet of Rupdeep' Pingal. tItiI1Ikt' [jaygh5ta] a musical instrument of the shape ofa small platter which is sounded with a cloth mounted stick; small cymbals of a metallic disc which is struck as a bell at the time ofvictory. In Hindu temples, it is specially struck while ~ [arti] is performed. In ancient times it was struck at the time of war. 'R'liI"tf;: [jayc5d] the last king of Kanauj, Jai Chandar was Rathour Rajput of Gaharwar caste. He was son ofVijya Chandar, paternal grandson of Govind Chandar and maternal grandson ofAnangpal, maharaja of Delhi. He instigated Shahbuddin Ghauri a lot to destroy Prithiraj, who had eloped with his daughter. Prithiraj died in the battle ofPanipat and thus ended the Hindu reign. After some time, Jai Chand also had to pay for his treason. After being defeated by Muslims, he got drowned in a river. This incident occurred in Sammat 1252 (1194 AD). 2 a king of Kangra, who ruled during the r~ign ofAkbar. ;::rr:;r;:ik [jayjiv] The terms jaydaya and jaydip 3 are used in hilly areas as greetings in place of Ram Ram, Salam and Fateh. They mean, 'let
'The word jayjiv is recorded at several places in old Sanskrit texts. Sumant, the minister, had uttered the same word to Raja Dashrath. See nn'3J-f~.

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was thoroughly routed by Sultan Mahmood on the bank of Ravi in 1022. Jaipal escaped towards Ajmer, and Punjab firmly came under the rule of Muslims. tItiJH'I'l?T [jaymala] garland of victory. 2 garland put by the bride around the neck of the bridegroom. HliI" fuAt;r [jay vIjay] Vishnu's attendants and gatekeepers. Once they did not allow Sankadi saints to see Vishnu. Enraged, the saints cursed them to go to the earth and become demons. According to a myth, Jai Vijay became Hirnyakship, Ravan and Kans etc. 'fllilT [jaya] Skt victorious Durga. 2 green weed. 3 myrobalan. 4 flag. 5 hemp, cannabis. EW [zya; See F.IlJl"'O. ~ [zyadah] A ~)V adj more, special, excessive. F.IlJl"'O [zayan] P uV n loss. 'A'tiIre3' [jayaphat] A ..::.:;~ act of serving food to a guest. 2 grand feast, entertainment. -gyan. 'f.I'liITij'3' [zayarat] A ..::.-)~; meeting, visit. "jayarat fl'GI1.lTl'5' [jaypal] son of Hitpal, a Brahman king karI multan di phIr kartarpure nu aya. "-BG of Punjab, whose capital was Lahore and Rtiit [jayi] See 'tl'Et 4. Bhatinda respectively. I Subakatgin, ruler of Hit [jayo] born. 2 gave birth. "prItham jayo tIn Ghazni, severely defeated him in 986. Then ram kumara." -VN. 3 See ;:n:it;:rr;r. Sultan Mahmood, son ofSubakatgin, defeated AitA"lil" [jayojay] repeated ovation. "sri guru Jaipal on 27 th November 1001 and imprisoned ramdas jayojay jag IDahI."-SdvEye ill 4 ke. him alongwith his relatives. Jaipal accepted his Hlifi'{ij" [jay;}br] victorious. "jagat jay;}kar subjugation by Mahmood and was released. maniE."-pards. He handed over his kingdom to his son ~ [jay;}kar] See~. 2 victorious. AnangpaF and burnt himself on a pyre. Some Alifd' [jay;}t] Skt \ifIRl adj victorious. 2 having many disguises. 3 n lndar. 4 son of lndar. historians describe Jaipal as a Rajput and Jatt 5 son of Shiv; Kartikay. 6 father of Akrur as well. Jaipal's well known Pandit Ugrbhuti authored an excellent grammar of Sanskrit. Yadav. 7 a minister of king Dashrath. 8 an 2 Anangpal's son Jaipal the second, who assumed name of Bhimsen, when he was ascended the throne of Lahore in 1013 AD, hiding in king Virat's house. 'Muslim writers have termed Bhatinda as "Tabar Hind." Rtif'3t [jay;}ti] adj(feminine) victorious. 2 n flag. 3 turmeric. 4 Durga. 5 anniversary. 6 dates bathfLja is a corrupt form of bhdtfqa. of birth of Krishan and Ram ChandaI', bhad6 'Some writers mention him as Anandpal. you be victorious' and' live long', 'let victory be yours', 'with the grace of God'. But this term is reserved only for the high caste Rajputs who never greet lowcaste people with this term. RajaBir Singh Nurpuria, even after losing his state and in dire need of money, did not accept from raja Dhian Singh Dogra the deed of an estate of twenty five thousand rupees per annum granted by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. The latter wanted raja Bir Singh to greet him with the term jaydaya but being of highcaste, he did not want thus to greet Dhian Singh. AGldg fC'i [jayatdhunI] victory shout; repeated ovation; repeated sloganshouting. "bhumI bhurI uthi jayatdhunI."-gyan. 'fI'GI'e'GIT [jaydaya] See ~. ~ [jaydev] See ~. NtiJtSlii(T [jaypataka] n flag of triumph. iItiItr:!' [jaypatr] n Zafarnama, letter of victory. 2 document which the loser party gives to the winner. "jay;}patr payo sukh;} paq.vel).;}."

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~ltt

bddi 8 and cetsudi 9. ~ [zarxarid] purchased with money. "asl ~ [jdyapdtrJ See ~. tabu teri jarkhrid."-jJgnama. 2 purchased RO [jdr] root, origin. "Qar6 jdr hi ukharkE." slave. -kns;:Jn. 2 burn. "dekhdt prdbhlJf:a jdr bdr 'ffiJ1:fli5" [jarkhal] adj decrepit, rusty. gdYO."-GPs. 3 See RQ?iT. "jdr jaI n;:)hl kIste ;:rajfi;r [zarxez] P i.J; adj productive, fertile. djri, dspaI gde sdgri ur me jdr."-GPs. 4 Skt t.RrcJTij" [zargeJr] P J;; goldsmith. old age, senility. See ~and Rg. 5 name of ~ [zdrgdri] P (jJ;; job of a goldsmith. a hunter who shot an arrow into the foot of ~ [jdrjar], ~ [jarjara], ~ [jdrjari], Krishan, resulting in his death. 6 P .J) gold. til:ltid1Ol [jdrjarik] Skt \Jf'if~-\Jf'iffur-\Jf'ifm adj "mate mdt5g jdre jdr s5g."-akal. 7 wealth. "ISU decrepit, worn out, very old, rusty. "bera jdrjdra jdr kardl)I ghal)i vIguti."-asa am 1. "par5dae phute chek hdjar."-s kabir. Here bera means na gIrah jar."-var majh m 1. 'Birds don't human body. carry money in their protuberance.' 8 dirt, tRIO [jarth] Skt adj aged. 2 decrepit. 3 hard specially that of a metal; rust. inflexible. 4 n old age. tRm [jaras] A ,J/. big bell; gong; small bells worn tidoFe1)fT [jdrthaIa], ffil'fo1)fT [jarthIa] aged. around the ankle. 2 decayed, decrepit. See FRIO. 'fI'a"ij" [jdrah] A ~;j very small particle. 'ti'd<!" [jaral)], ~ [jdrl)a] v tolerate. See ~. 'ffiICl" [jarak] n jerk, shock. 2 sound produced "meri bdhut Ianap jdrdt."-dev m 5. 2 digest. 3 burn. "haQ jdre JIU lakri. "-s kabir. "Ihu jdglJ while wood is broken etc. 3 A ().J) falsehood, jarta dekhIkE."-S kabir. 4 Skt ti"Q(!" n untruth. 4 fraud, intrigue. 5 P ....C) gol.d leaf. t.re'Cm" [zarka~], F.J""ij"cn=ft [zarka~i] P J!;; cuminseed. 5 old age. "grasat jat bal jarl)i." embroidered with gold thread; mounted with -sar m 5. 6 Skt ;:rcf the moon. 7 tree. small stars between embroidered bands. tRJil [jdrl)i] See ~ 5. "pdt5bdr j2rkasi. "-paras. ~ [jdral)lJ] S v burn. 2 tolerate, bear, endure. 'fRl"a<!T [jarakl)a] v give out a sound due to a ffi33" [jarat] See;:raer 1. 2 See ti"a<r 2. 3 studded. strong jerk or heavy loading. "pdnhi guru ki jo Zdr jdrdt."-GV 10. 'studded with gold.' 4 Skt "ll:Cf adjaged. 5 old, decrepit. 'ffiICl" l:I"aa" [jarak barak] A JJ,a.J; glitter, outer show. See FRJq 5. t"f'd3T [jdrta] burns. See "ti"d"<Y 3. 2 tolerates. See t.Jachr [zarkob] P ,":"",/.;; one who makes gold ~2. tiddJ! [jdrtaril n embroidered with gold and silver leaves by beating these metals. tl"a'Ciw [jark'lbar] n zarak-5bar. dresses laced threads, head cloth for women. "ter pat5bar SIr jartari."-NP with gold and silver leaves; dresses mounted with small stars between embroidered bands. t.I"dt!" [zdrdd] P .uJ golden, yellow, xanthic. "aI gae jdrk5bar se aj, 5bar se nHp k5bar kine." ~ [zakdak] P .J,.JJ carrot. -dj. 'When kings like Zarak Ambar came, ~ [jaradgav] Skt ~ n old bull. 2 adj old, antique. kings like cotton clothes lost their lustre:.' 'ffiJ1:f [jardkh] Dg!l a species of wolf. SkI' ~. ~ [zardaru] P ,J.v) adjpale-faced; one who goes pale due to shame and fear. 2 ashamed. See '3OCf 4. ~ [jardkhbahl)i] Dg n a witch who rides ~t't [jardarui] P J,JJ.J; n shamefulness; a wolf. See '3OCf 4. state of being pale.

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t.RJe' ~ [zarad rubani] paleness of the face.

~ [jarbulmasal]
saying, illustration.

ifi"':"'?

proverb,

"dII khalhalu jakE jarad rubani."-bhEr kabir. 'one whose mind is disturbed, gets pale in his face.' 'i:IQeT [zarda] P w} n yellow pulau (cooked rice). ~ [zardalu] P )I).J} n apricot. This fruit grows in abundance on cold mountains and in Kashmir. ~ [zardu:;;t] P ~;.J} spiritual guide of the Parsees and author of "Zend". See ;:R- 3 and

HIDf [jaram] birth, origin. "jaramkaram."-scwrye

'l.fTaFit.
tRI'O [jaran], mJ?iT [jarna] See~. "jarahI nahi

ur jarahI kucare."-GPs. 'do not tolerate but get jealous. ' "apan bIbhau ap hi jarna."-bIla ill 5. 2 burn. "aj ucIt nahi jaran tIharo." -carItr 182. 3 stud, inlay. "tava su jarkE tas pE." -cantr 132. t.larndi'd [zarmgar] P .J'{j.J} studded with gold. 2 golden. ~ [jarnEl] E general; a high ranking official of the army. t.rnih:r [zarpo:;;] P J{.J} gold-plated. "gahIl).e jIU jarpos de."-BG . ~ [jaraph] A ..J.J vessel, utensil. 2 ability, capability, capacity. 3 courage, zeal. tRm' [jarab] n cannon, gun. "caqhavo gIrI par jarab."-GV 10. 2A "':"'? blow, injury, wound, stroke. ~ [zarbafat] P ..:;:.JJJ} a dress woven with gold threads. i'l'dll'fu [jarban] ill-tempered; jealous. ~ [zarbaf] See ~. "jarbaph dIvavat h'EdIjjoro."-knscm. 'dress woven with goldthreads.' 2 P ..J~.J} one who weaves gold or silver lace. 3 one who embroiders with gold or silver threads. 'Rdlitw [jarbila] adj one who inflicts an injury. 2 gaudy and beautiful. "joban jotI jage jarbile." '-cantr 111.

4 ke. 2 E germ, sprout, seed. 3 aboriginal form. 4 minute organisms present in blood, water, milk etc. 'ffil'A1f [jarmekh] See~. "ravan bag ki mulahu te jarmekh ukhari."-knsan. tI'Qa' [jarar] A .I? n damage, loss. 2 injury. if6T [jar-raj A ~;j n minute particle. 2 one hundredth part of a barley grain. 2 millet. 3 adj a bit. "jI n ke man me jar-raku jaqE." -knscm.' in whose mind a bit of doubt is planted.' ~ [jarval).a], ~ [jarvana] adjtyrannical, stronp;. "jaru jarval).a k'inI."-sri ill 1 pahIre. "sabhahI na sis kal jarvana."-carItr 266. 2 Skt H<:l'~jtJ(') n one whose old age is his vehicle, death. 3 colour ofold age; grey hair. "je jarval).a patharE jaru yes karedi aiE."-var asa. 'If some one removes or colours his grey hair, old age still manifests itself time and again.' 4 Virbhadar, Shiv's heroic and leading servant, who was born from Shiv's head to destroy the fire ritual ofDaksh. "jag su F'imi juddh ml jarVal;ta jal).u mIqaI kE."-c.9c;ii 3. 'In the form of fire Kali took birth to battle, just as Virbhadarwas born from Shiv.' ~ [jarvEh6] will cause to bum. "tfhqithahI s6 Ih ko jarvEh6."-knsan. ;:rar [jara] Skt n old age. "jara ka bhau na hovai, jivanupadvi paI."-guj ill 3. It is mentioned in Braham Vevart Puran that old age [jara] is Kal, God of Death's daughter who traverses this world alongwith 64 diseases, her brothers. 2 See 'ffifaT. 3 See
ill

~.

~ [jarau] See ~. "jarau javahar jare."

-GPs. ~ [jarau] See ~.

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tRJTfu [jaraI] See~. "jatItjin jaraI."-ramav.

2 getting studded, getting inlaid. 3 having burnt, having been reduced to ashes. 4 having got burnt. "kabir e:sako nahi madar deI jarar. "-s. ~ [jaraItl See FRf'3". iRJ't [jarae] burnt. incinerated. 2 make one tolerant; render one forbearing. "jIsc1hI jarae apI, soi ajaru jarc:."-var ram 2 m 5. tRrTfi:ftr [jarasl dh], RO'Fftr [jarasadh], RO'Fffu [jarasadhI] Skt ~u king of Magadh who was conjoined by an ogress. He was fatherin-law of Kans and sworn enemy of Krishan. There is it mention in Mahabharat that once king Brihdarth got a fniTi: from saint Chandkaushik for begetting progeny. Brihdarth bisected the fruit and gave the two pieces to both the queens, with the result that each queen gave birth to half a son. The king threw both the pieces in a cremation ground. There lived an ogre named Jara. He conjoined both the pieces and thus a live boy came int'? being. He handed over the boy to Brihdarth and told him that the boy would be most powerful and that he would not die till he got disjointed. Jarasandh became a powerful king and his two daughters, Asti and Prapti, were married to Kans. Kans, with the support of Jarasandh, dethroned his father Ugrasen and became king. After killing Kans, when Krishan handed over Mathura kingdom to Ugrasen, Jarasandh got enraged and with the support of his associate Kaljaman invaded Mathura. As a result Yadavs had to leave Mathura for all times to come. During the Rajsuy fire ritual, Krishan, Arjun and Bhim, went to Jarasandh's house as celibates and begged for a combat with him". Jarasandh engaged Bhim in a duel. By splitting a straw Krishan gave a hint to Bhim that he

should tear apart the body of Jarasandh into two parts. Bhim tore apart the joint cemented by ogre Jara and thus Jarasandh met with his death. "jarasadhI kaljamun saghare."-gau a m 1. "dekh tIne: nrIp s:rdhjara hathIyar dhare lakh bir pacan:."-krrscm. tRfl"ij" [jarah] A vii n surgeon. "ek jarah hot hE sayane."-NP tre"'tft [jarahi] n surgery. 2 science of surgery. ffil'T3" [jarat] A ..::-f'f.1) n agriculture. ~ [jaradil See~. See l::Il(,)Hdltfl. tRJTftr [jaradhI] disease such as old age etc. "janam jaradhI maraI). bhaIa."-gujjedev. ;::retj')T [jarana 1 burn. 2 See J:iITdT(')T. ~ [jaraphat] A ~f/ n wisdom. 2 fun, joke. 3 delight, ecstasy. ffiIT8" [jarab] See B"('J1(f. "fl"dTaT [jaraba] See iid"S". "jalam julam na jar jaraba."-BG 'A tyrant cannot inflict injury with cruelty and force.' tffil}f [jaram] short for j ram. "dham jaram nanki dou."-NP See ffiJrH. tfdT lRJT [jara mClra] old age and death. "jara mara nah vIapai. "-brla m 5. tre'l!f [jClrayu] Skt placenta. 2 vagina. 3 womb. ffi3TllFf [jarayuj] Skt one wrapped in placenta. traTij" [jarar] A .lIZ adj which pulls. 2; powerful, mighty. 3 warrior. "namClsta jarara."-japu. Hd'dt.!(') [jarardan] adj jara-ardan. destroyer of death. "jarardan dindaya1u krIpalu bhae hl':." -sclVeye 33. 2 n elixir, nectar of life. tRJTfa" [jaranJ, ~. [jaranpul enemy of old age, elixir.-sanama. "an jaran dayo ham ko phCll."-carrtr 209. 'brought and gave a fruit that imparts immOliality. ' Hd'fac;M [jaranphal] fruit which imparts immortality. See~. ~ [jarav] See~. ~ [jaravc:] gets burnt. "jClja jau tan jiVClt jaravc:."-gau bavan kabir. 2 gets studded.

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~

Rfu [jan] old age has. "jan jitIa SIr kalo."

-bher m 1. 2 due to old age. 3 after being burnt. 4 n burning sensation, inflammation, burning heat, anguish. trfu{f [jano] See tffi(!T. 2 burnt. "pavaku jano na jat."-sdveye m 5 ke. 'is not burnt by fire.' ~ [jarIya] n herb. 2 hill goddess, demoness. ~'5 [jarIyakhel] n play of witches. Several hill women pretend that they are possessed by the demoness. In a state of frenzy, they play and answer queries put to them. "janyakhel kuk jab dijo."-cdrrtr 178. mit [jari] old age. "avat nIkatI bIkham jari." -sdveye sri mukhvak m 5. 2 death. "sun hat jari."-GPS. 'On listening to the exegesis of Gurbani, the fear of death vanishes.' 3 herb. "hartajurkisukhpOjjari."-GPs. "kamjariIh kin jari."-krrsdn. 'Thus was treated the sexstarved woman.' 4 adjburnt. 5 tolerated. "jari na gurkiratI matI jari."-GPS. 6 studded. "caru jarau jari."-GPs. 7 gold thread. "jaridar abar patabar suhaI baQo."-GPs. tRft>,rr [jaria] herb. 2 forbearance, tolerance. "jIsu Iagi pir pIram ki so jal!E jaria. "-asa chat m 4.3 burnt. "kop jaria."-kan m 5. 4 old age. "nah maria nah jaria."-suhi m 5 pdrtal. 5 net, fishing net. "jaria adh kadh par Qare."-ddtt. See l?fq. 6 A ~./j way, means. tRftt [jariE] we burn. "jab jariE tab hOI bhasam tan."-sor kdbir. 2 let us tolerate. "atar ki dubIdha atan jariE."-maru solhe m 1. 'ffiITe'r [jarida] A ~,*.7. adj alone. 2 n office. 3 newspaper. ffiffim [jaridoj] P JmJ adj embroidered with gold wire. "jaridoj phIrE bIjna sabh pE. "-NP mflo [jarin] P (.[;; adj of gold, golden. 2 n wire of gold, etc. mftor [jarina] P ~;; adj golden. 2 gold coin. "tumahI khajina tumahI jarina."-sar m 5.

[jariph] A ~/ adj wise, intelligent. 2 joyful, cheerful. 3 good-natured, goodtempered. tRfta" [jarib] A ",:",.7. n chain used for measuring land; a surveyor's chain. measuring 45 feet or 15 yards in length. In different areas, its length may vary, as in Kullu Kangra, it is 46 feet and 8 inches long. ;:rg [jaru] See RO. "jaruai jobanI harIa."-var asa. ~ [jarua] senility, old age. "joban ghatE jarua jIl!E."-sri m 1 pdhrre. "khISE jobanu badhE jarua."-asa cMt m 5. . ~ [jarw;>alam] A (;/ Jerusalem; ancient holy city oflsraelis, which is now in Palestine. Here is situated the famous temple of Soloman widely known as Bethlehem (the holy house). Caliph Umar conquered it in 637 AD and converted it into a mosque which is popularly called Masjid-ul-aksa. Here the tomb ofChrist is the holy place for Christians. See ~ and
~.

if[Q [jarur] A ./'.? adj must, sure. ~ [jarurat], ~ [jaruratI] A .::.-./'.? necessity,

need. "jEsa karE kahaVE tEsa Esi bani jaruratI." -var sar m 2. ~ [jare] tolerate. "jare na gae sune gun guru ke."-GPS. 2 burnt. "cad suraj dUI jare caraga."-ram m 5. 3 shut, closed. "jare kIvara."-suhi d m 5. 4 studded. "bhukhan ratan jare."-GPs. 5 may burn. "bInu gursabdE janamu jare."-maru dm 1. tWaJr [jaraga] adj with burning limbs, whose body is on fire. "atI tnsan jaraga. "-kan m 5. ~ [jaragari] See ~. ;:fur;: [jarrad] A )/.7. n one who burnishes utensils of copper. 2 A )1;; one who fabricates coats of iron. FQI'a' [jarar] A ).7. mighty, powerful. "dhae jarrar vir."-sdloh 2 warrior, gallant.

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~tr

"habh samal).i jOtI jIU jalghatau cadrama." -var maru 2 m 5. 2 n wind, which dries and thus reduces water. ~ [jalgharil water clock; an instrument which measures time by means of water. See ur;ft. According to an article in Bhartiy Naty Shastar, water clock has been in use in India since long. Then it was known as udaknalIka. Its structure was as follows: (a) a long pipe of metal was fabricated, on the inner and outer side of which gharis (24 minutes) were calibrated and just below, there used to be proper hole. When placed in water as much quantity of water entered the pipe as was sufficient to reach the fixed mark in a ghari. (b) a lightweight small bowl of metal was fabricated and below it a hole of proper See~. ~ [jalharal).] See Uf7l'~ (d). 2'. act of measurement was made. Then the bowl was placed on a water-filled vessel. When after carrying water. til'Suafas [jalharbfb] rajnbow; display of being filled, the bowl sank, it was presumed that a ghari had elapsed. numerous colours in the sky, generated by the When the use of an hour instead ofa ghari passage of sun rays through droplets of water. "jalharbfb jugatI jagu raca."-saveye m 4 ke. came into vogue, the hole of the bowl was so modified that it sank in two and a half gharis 'Multi-coloured world like the rainbow appears and disapears in an instant.' 2 reflection i.e. 60 minutes. Even now water clocks are used by (shadow) of han (the sun) in water. 'tl"M'ffiit [jalhari] n ~. stone spoon in which numerous armies and factories. i1MtRf [jalcarl n aquatic animals such as tortoise, a ~Ivlfg is set. fish etc. ;:n;rug [jalharu] cloud. See ~. "jalharu til'Stlacl g [jalcarketu] n Kamdev, whose standard barsanharu." -var mala m 2. bears the sign of a crocodile. 'H'l"XJTij' [jalharl n waterman. 2, cloud,. ;:rMtRft [jalcaril n fish. 'iiMchr [jalke:?l n alga, moss. til?clc:a [jalkatak] water chestnut; thorny fruit 'H'MtJ'T6t [jalcari] tiMtlifdq. See ~. HMtf [jalaj] adjborn from water, produced from of a water plant.

[jal] Skt "1\1. vr whet, be rich, cover. 2 Skt n water, which gives life to people, i.e. it covers the earth. "jal bIhun min kat jivan?"-brla m 5. 3 flame. "haume jal te jal:c mue."-var sor m 3. 'got burnt to death in the flame of ego.' 4 p t.f. a crested lark. 5 middle part of the sea. "jal te thaI kar."-sar kabir. i.e" 'turns deep sea into dry land.' 6 handle. '7 thread. ~ [jal-a$v] sea horse. See trOTr" ~ [jal-abh] Skt ~ pond full of water. "jIu jal-abh upan kamal kInare."'--asa m 1. tnret [jalai] burns. 2 Sea mftet'. tR'5W [jalsal A ....J:> n gath~lring, conference. 2 gathering of people to celebrate a festival. ~ [jalsail Skt \Jjf1!'iIIfl,\n Vishnu, who sleeps in water; Narayan. ~ [jalsai] lord of water, Varun. iR'5'fi:r [jalasIl will burn. In Shastarnammala, an ignorant scribe has used jalasI instead ofjali$ (Varun). See nfor 932. 3 See ~. iJ'liffit [jalsi] will burn, will glow. tI"Ci5U"a' [jalharl n cloud. 2 who canries water.

~ [jalkriral water sport. 2 art ofswimming.

m5l:fiJT

[jalkhag] n water fowl.

~ [jalkhina] adj got completely burnt.

~ [jalghatau] in the water of a pitcher.

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water. 2 11 lotus. 3 tree. 4 grass. 5 agriculture. 6 pearl. "jalaj abIddh su tahI ahar~."-GV1O. 'Unpierced pearls are swan's food.' 7 crocodile. 8 conch shell. 9 moon. 'ti'li5R" ~~ [jalaj kOdni] 11 gun with a wooden butt.-s;:mama. f1MfleJ'(t [jalajtra!)] 11 pond that gives protection to lotuses. 2 pond that gives shelter to aquatic animals.-scmama. ;:n;rnt..fto [jalajpith], ~ [jalajprIsta!)i] 11 a gun with a wooden butt.-sanama. "kharag k~th, kar jalajpith." and "jalaj prIsta!)i garaj apar."-G V 10. m5t.IW [zalzala] A JI}; or ,J;!; 11 earthquake.
See~.

m53a [jaltar] See~. ''<;laph jhajh c;lhol jaltar

up~g."-manuraj.

2 floating wood.-sanama.

m53a

1l:l:'R'Gf<!' [jaltar prIsta!)I]-sanama. gun

i'fliffiTfu [jaljaI] See ~. "jaljaI nm lahI ros

man."-datt. 'Lotus protests on seeing the eyes.' 2 may it burn! may it glow! ~ [jaljaach] Skt ~q:r lotus-eyed. R"M'fIT3' [jaljat] adj born from water. 2 11 lotus. 3 See Rffi'f. 't'I"MftfUT [jaljIy], ~ [jaljiv] 11 aquatic animal. ~ [jaljivi] 11 fisherman. 2 sailor. ~ [jaljecha!)] adj jalaj-ik~a!). lotus-eyed; one who has eyes like the l0tus. "jaljecha!) hE. "- kalki. f1MHdli'l [jaljogan] Skt 'J1C1l.11fIli, aquatic animals like octopus, crocodile etc. "jaljogan te bahu bhat bacaw:."-akal. 2 lightning. ~ [jalj~tu] See ~. iiliffi1.r [jalj~m] born from water, lotus. See tmtr. ~ [jala!)], ~ [jala!)I] 11 burning sensation, inflammation. "jala!)I bujhi sital bhae."-ram m 5 ruti. mE' [jalat] burning, while burning. "ab mohI jalat ramjul paIa."-gau k<Jbir. 2 11 burning sensation. "ram-udakI tanu jalat bujhaIa." -gau kabir. 3 adj on fire, burning. "jalat aganI mahI jan apI udhare."-brla m 5. 'saves his disciples from the flames of fire.'

with a wooden butt. 2 See "i'R?3O 2. musical bowls; a musical instrument comprising 22 bowls ofvarious s-izes made of metal or china clay. A large bowl with more water produces a lower note while a small bowl with less water produces a higher note. With variation in the quantity of water, the desired note is achieved. After properly setting the notes, it is played with a sma!1 stick. 2 wave of water, a breaker. "jaItar~g agni pavm: phunI trE mIlI jagatu upaIa."-pr<Jbha a m 1. 'Fusion of blood and semen, heat and air, have produced living beings.' 't'I"M3t [jalti] burning. "jalti agam nIvaro. "-g<Ju m 5. 2 In Punjabi, this word is used in place of jaldi as well. ~ [jaltura], ~ [jaltur~], ~ [jalturag] 11 sea horse. ~ [jaltori] xa fish. ~ [jaIt~tu] 11 octopus. See ~. 2 fishing net. "jIu jalt~tu pasarIo badhakI."-kan m 4. 'fI1'5 m5' [jal thaI] water and land. "jal thaI ban parbat patal."-g;:w thrti m 5. 2 watery place, river, pond etc. "jalthal nin bhare." -majhm5. 't'I'Mt!' [jalad] Skt adjwho offers water. 211 cloud. 3 A k adj smart, active, clever. 4 P adv immediately, at once. 5 quickly. tl"M''t!'T'Ol [jaldanil adj who offers water. 2 According to Hindus, a relative having the right to offer water to the forefathers. 3 water-carrier. "jaldani tIh piche hakat.'
~or [jaltar~g]

-GPs. RMtft [jaldi] burning. "jaldi kare pukar. "-var asa.

"andInu sada jaldia phIrahI."-asa am 3. 2P 11 quickness, promptness. 'fI1'5 ;itT ~ [jal dudhh cha!)-na] v separate

uk

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chaff from wheat i.e. differentiate truth from falsehood; do justice. tmtr [jdlddh], ;:rnt:lQ [jdldhdr] adj which holds water. 2 n cloud. 3 sea. 4 tank. 5 lake. ~ [jdldhdra] See;:R?l:.Rf. 2 See t=R?[l'dT. "catrdk illukhI jEse jdldhdra."~dhcma namdev. Here it means a drop of rain during svatr (when alone the catrdk is said to drink raindwps and when raindrops falling into a shell are said to turn into pearls). iil'SQd'ii [jdldhdraj] n Varun, the ocean king. -sanama. iil'SQij'ii 'R"frrf [jdldhdraj sdstrd], t=R?[lQ"'iH" <:Jferro [jaldhdraj hdthr ar 1 n noose, weapon of Varun.-scmama. ~ [jdldhara] n water current. 2: current of water dropped through the hole of a pitcher on the head of an ascetic in winter season. 3 current of water offered to a peepal 'tree to propitiate one's ancestors. According to the Hindu faith it is a virtuous act. See r:~. H'l'Sfu [jdlddhr] Skt n bearer of water-the sea. "jdlddhI biidhI dhru thapIoho."-sornamdev. 'The sea was bound and the Pole Star was fixed amid other stars in the form of an axle; built a bridge across the sea and gave it permanence.' 2 ten $;'ikh, one trillion. See Hc!J:lr. iil'SfQljd [jdlddhrsut], tfl'S"fui=r [jdldlnj], Hl'SFQ(')t:' [jdlddhInad] n son of the sea, elixir. 2 moon. 3 Eravat, elephant. 4 horse of the .sun or Dhanvantri which, according to Purans, emerge from the sea. All of them may be called sons of the sea. H'l'SO [jdldn] See~, ~, 3Lf~). 2: in waters. "jdlan thaldn basudh gdgcm."-ram m 5 partal. Rffi'iT [jdlna] v burn. See ~iJO. Rl'Sfo [jdlanI] See"ii(i)i') 1. "jalanI bujhi sitdl hOI illdnua."-majh m 5. 2 (they) burn. 'H"l'Sfotr [jdlnIdh], Rffi'ofu [jahudhI] n rain, cloud. "babiha prIU prIU kdf jalnrdhI prem

prarI."-sava m 3. 2 nectar. "jIsu jdlnrdhI kard!).I tum jagI ae, so ;'imntu gur pahi jiu." -sor m 1. :3 Skt ocean, which bears all the waters. ~m [jdlni] bearer of water-the earth. -scmama. ~ [jdlnidhl See 'H"l'S'fofu. ~ [jdlnidhe] in the cloud. "hdrI-;'imnt hdn jdlnidhe."-basat m 4. ~ [jdldp] Skt \iff9", vr speak, prattle. 'H'l'S'lICr [jalpak] Skt \iWLlCfi" adj prattler. 2 speaker. tl"l?U'fo [jdlpdtr] n lord of waters, Varun. 2 sea. ~ [jdlpdn], ;::rm.mr [jalpana] Skt "ffl:Ff n prattle, nonsense. 2 boast. 3 discussion. 4 v prattle. ~ [jalphal] Skt n water chestnut. ~ [jalbal] See ~. tJl'S'fihr [jalbfb] n bubble. 2 sun's reflection in water. [jdlbIla] a water-animal such as otter and beaver. In Veds, it is called udra. See E Otter. mnfq [jalb;'idhu] n fish. iil'Si3ijfd [jalbhaun], ~ [jalbhJri] n whirlpool. H"l'S' Hfu ~ [jal mdhI upjE] sen "jal mahI upjE jal te dun. jal mahI jotI rahIa bharpurI." -asa d m 1. Though the sun's reflection appears in the water, yet the sun is far away from it. It only gets reflected in the water. Likewise, the spirit appears omnipresent, yet it is detached. Hl'Sljllf [jalmughl n water releasing cloud. "]:Jhde set jalmugh jalhin."-NP HMtiTTi') [jalyan] n boat. 2 ship. See ~ and i1<JTH'. ;:rm;f~ [jalyatrl n water clock. See ur;ft and tffi1.lS't. 2 water-driven machine. 3 mechanism for drawiing water from the earth; Persian wheel etc. 4 fountain. 5 musical bowls. H"l'S' 'ffi1 'ROm lial ras san-nil accumulator of

mm:rw

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water, bearer of water-the earth.-sanama. of waters, Yarun. mrerfi:r [jCllrasI] n the sea. 'fflii5TOT [jCllana] v burn. ;::IffiI1i1 [jCllraj] king of waters, Yarun. trwfthr [jalabfb] waves of water. "jalabfb ~ [jCllruh] Skt n lotus born from water. asral."-var mala m 1. 2 See~. ;::n.n.rrar [jClI-Iag] See ~. i'fl'STl'S' [jalal] A J1J:> n radiance. 2 greatness, ~ [jal-IE] Skt ffi) }'}fl??lJf n sea, which is the pomp. 3 a village of district Phool in Nabha abode of water. "jCllpatI jClI-IE nadipatL" state, situated near Dialpura. After his -sanama. departure from Dina, Guru Gobind Singh stayed here. The state has donated land to the ~ [jalvah], ~ [jalva] A ~,Jr n splendour, gurdwara. A great scholarly saint, Bhai Yir illumination. "jalva sarav sariran jou."-NP Singh Nirmala, belonged to this place. 4 a 2 elegance, radiance .. 3 revelation, manifestation. 4 being manifest. hermit ofvillage Ucch, upon whom Guru Nanak Al'S'il'dld [jalvagar] P };,Jr adj who provides a Dev bestowed the status of a holy man. 5 See glimpse. 2 charming. 3 elegant. 4 radiant. ~~. RMT [jala] plural of jal. "an jala SIU kaju nCl tI'W'l'SJ:ITO [jCllalxan] Emperor Aurangzeb's kachuE."-kalI am 5.2 See~. 3 flame. commander who was subordinate to "jEse mEl na lagE jala."-svkhmani. commander-in-chief Hussaini and fought ~ [jalauI).a] v burn. against hill chieftains to recover tribute. "lae gurClj cClll;'} su jCllalkhan;'}."-VN a 11. 2 See trWmfT [jCllasra], ~ [jalasre] Skt ~or n sea. "namClst;'} jalasare."-japv. 'Salutation to HM'M'a'e. the sea as the Creator.' 2 adj basis of water. tl"l'5"l'S3' [jalaIClt] A...:J1J:> n elderliness. 2 splendour. HMTJfl' [jalasri] adj subsisting on water alone. 'tfli51"l'StiI' [jCllalay] n sea, the house of water. Al'S'l'S'Sle [jCllalabad] In Afganistan, a town See 002. situated on the road to Kabul. A sacred place 'fI'l'S""H"l'S [jCllajal] Skt '*111i.1Ci n waterfall, spring. Choha Sahib, exists here in memory of Guru 2 brook. 3 P Lf.1J:> an ornament comprising Nanak Dev. See t1<JT Ffl'fua'. 2 a village ofdistrict small bells worn around the neck of a horse. 4 tabour with bells attached. "n;'}di hClr carhe Muzzafar Nagar situated at a distance of about caM dIs jalajal baj~hi."-saloh. twenty kohs to the south ofSaharanpur, founded by lalal Khan Pathan, son ofHajar Khan, after msi;::rffi [jalajaII] Skt "1CiI1"lff1 n handful of water offered as oblation. 2 In Hinduism, a handful razing Kheramanihar a Rajput town. After of water is offered as oblation to a deity like Sirhind, Khalsa army conquered it. ~ [jCllavI).i] adjfit for burning. "jIhva jalClu the sun etc. or the ancestors. According to saint jCllavI).i namu na japE."-sri a m 1. Harit, a group ofogres named "Mandeh" daily attack the sun early in the morning and when Al'S''ili:;li'l1 [jCllavCltni] P Ji1J:> n exile, banishment, transportation for life. Brahmans, after uttering spells, offer a handful of water as oblation to the sun, the ogres ~ [jCllavCln] v See ~. Al'S''ilda [jalavart] Skt\JfC1"Tiftf n whirlpool, vortex. disperse in no time. tfli5"t!' [jalad] See ;::l'we'. "hukam jaladan tabE See~. tIfi5' [jClII] n fire. ";'}tClrI lagi jalI bujhi."-sri m ucara."-GPS. Skt~. ffii5Tfbtr [jaladhIp], ~ [jClladhIpatI] n lord 1. "jCllI bujhi tujhahI bujhai."-sor a m 1.

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"baldi jalI nIVrE knpa te."--maru solhe m 1. 2 v adv quickly, immediately. "hathu na laI kasubhrE jalIjasi <;lhola."-suhi [,}Tid. 'This colour will fade away in no time.' 3 with water. "jalI malI kaIa majiE bhai."-sor;3 m 1. 4 in water. "thorE jalI machuli. "--s k;3bil". :; having burnt. See tR? 3. "jalImue."-var sonn 3. ~ [jaIIE] from burning. 2 burnt. "jInI jalIE nam vIsarIa."-var suhi m 1. Nfi;m [jalI s] See i'IC?lJ:r. ~ [jalIthaII] in water and on land. "jalI thalI pun rahIa gosai."-rnaru solhe m 5. ~ [jalfd], ~ [jalfdr] n lord of waters, Varun. ;:rffi l.Jf8" [jalI balI] offering to the fire, oblation to the fire. "han bInu jiu jalI balI jau. "'-srim 1. 2 adv having burnt. "b:mu gurs2tbd:E jalI balI tata."-srdhgos;3tr. ;:rfi;sHfu [jalImalI] after rubbing (wi~h) water. See ;:rffi and Hfu. m;fuIT [jaliil burnt. "eni jalii namu vIsana." -var ill;31a ill 1. iflifu:r [jalis] n lord of waters, Varun. 2 sea. "sun araj das karuI).ajalis."-GV 10. '0, tn::asury of compassion. ' ~ [jalikha] See ~ and ~~. "rum ~ahar ke ~ah ki suta jalikha nam."-C;3rItr 201. 'ffi\fur [jalil] A j adj wretched, disgraced. 2 A ~ respectable. 3 luminous, radiant. ~ [jalu] See tR? "jalu mathie jalu dekhie bhai!"-sor;3 ill 1. ~ [jaIus] A ..rJ!.f n sitting. 2 as';ending the throne. 3 sitting in judgement. 4 procession. "maha jalus cahii dIS kare."-GPs. ~ 'R'O [jalusi san], ~ FfT(? [jalusi sal] year of accession to the throne by a king or an emperor. It starts with the date of accession and ends with his death. Suppose a king ascends the throne in Sammat1800 then Sammat 1805 should he taken as the fifth jalusi

J.!

year. This calendar has been prevalent since long, even before the beginning of Bikrami, Christian, Hijri calendars. ~ [jales] n jal-i~, lord of water Varun. ~ [jaIekha] See ~ and ~. ~ [jaleta] n fuel; firewood etc. "kam krodhu dUI kie jaIeta."-ram k;3bir. m51r [jaleb] n a large jalebi. 2 A ~ a slave brought for trading. HMaeid [jalebdar] Its root is Persian .JIJJle ; a man, who walks alongside a rich horse rider, with reins in hand. "kItre lakh jalebdar ga<;livan calaI ga<;lira."-BG. ~ [jalebi] a kind of sweetmeat. RA' [jaIE] See Rffi'iT. burns. 2 from burning. "jalE na paie ram sanehi."-g;3u In 5. 3 causes to burn. "han sagI rate bhahI na jalE."-g;3u ill 5. ~ [jalodar] n accumulation of water in the abdomen. L~ dropsy. This disease occurs due to some disorder in the liver, kidney, spleen etc. In the aqueous membranes of the viseral organs, fluid from clotted blood gets accumulated. Physicians ascribe this disease to the following reasons. A clot in the vessels of the heart, an obstruction in the blood vessels, weakness leading to dilution and then curdling in blood, reduction in the iron content ofblood, drinking too much of water after faecal and urinal excretion, wearing of wet clothes, nonexcretion of toxic material in urine and obstruction in perspiration, dysfunction of digestion, drinking of too much water by woman after delivering a child and putrefaction of matter inside the body. If dropsy is due to some problem of the heart and lungs, swelling starts from the feet, advances to the abdomen and spreads over the who Ie body. If it happens due to malfunction of the liver, then swelling first appears in the

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abdomen and if it is due to some renal problem, then first of all appears in the eyes and the face. With rest, swelling decreases and walking leads to increase in it. If the cause of dropsy is jaundice, then there is an overall swelling which disappears after resting at night and increases once again on walking. When heart disease is the cause of dropsy then it is very dangerous. Upon diagnosis, it should be treated by a competent doctor. The -following are the general remedial measures: (1) stop drinking water and take buttermilk prepared from cow's milk, aniseed-water, solonum indicum water, dromedary's milk; (2) eat anti-constipating and perspirant things; (3) rind of harar (myrobalan) one masha, ku~ta ph:>lad abi two rattis, should be taken with cow's buttermilk twice a day; (4) iron, peel of harar, revad xatai, bru, nasadar, all these should be taken in equal measure and three doses of 1liz mashas each, 'should be taken thrice a day with cow's buttermilk or makoextract; (5) l?arched grams soaked 21 times in the milk ofcactus and dried in shade be taken from 1 to 5 grams thrice a day; (6) fill extracts ofaniseed and mako in fruits of bitter gourd at night and one masa powder of the root of ndkchIkkaDi herb be taken with it, the next morning; (7) take two tolas of the juice ofkarela; (8) eat crushed fried mako; (9) a powder of 4 tolas of fdr jS, 4 tolas of roasted asafoetida, 4 tolas of calcined conchshell (sakh di bhasam), magha (piper longum) one tala be made and taken with cow's buttermilk according to age and strength; (10) a paste of grounded puthkaqa be applied on the abdomen;

(11) two drops ofcroton oil be taken thrice a day; (12) accumulated fluid be got extracted by some skilled doctor. ~ [jabka] See Rex. ~ [jalajal] all water; water only. "jIu jalmin jalajal pritI hE."-kalI a ill 4.2 See~. t=ri3. [jalatj burns. 2 See ~. trni::ra [jaladhar] a demon: Per Padam Puran Shiv's raging ego begot Jalandhar from the oceans. A demon that rose from the ocean groanly so bitterly that the universe was utterly confused. Brahma took him into his lap and tried to console him. He pulled Brahnia's beard so forcefully that tears flowed from his eyes. That is why Brahma gave him Jalandhar as his name. When he came of age, he conquered Indar's paradise and tormented the gods. Shiv came to help Indar in his fight against Jalandhar. Jalandhar's wife, Varinda(who was the daughter of Kalnem) sat to worship Brahma for the victory ofher husband. In order to interrupt the worship, Vishnu went to Varinda in the guise of Jalandhar. Seeing her husband, Varinda stopped the worship, rose from her place and Jalandhar died at the same time. There is also a story that Vishnu raped her. It is also mentioned in Padam Puran that Varinda voluntarily burnt herself alive on her husband's funeral pyre and with Vishnu's blessings, four trees - tulsi (holy basil), aula (emblica officinal is), pala~ (butea frondoso) and peepal (boucerosia edulsis) grew from her ashes. See ~. 2 an ancient saint. 3 some write Jalandhar as Jalodar. See GPSm 4, a 50. "rag jaladhar udar vIsala. pira det maha sabh kala." See ~t!O. 4 a city of Doaba which is the principal town of the district.

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There is a story in Padam Puran that assuming Jalandhar as his son, the ocean gave him this country (Trigart) to live, hence its name Jalandhar. Prior to this it was submerged in sea water. ~ [jal;'idhari] n Jalandhar's wift:, Varinda. 2 Durga who helped Shiv in eliminating Jalandhar. "jal;}dhri ta dIn te nama. japo c;'iQlka ko sabh jama."-rudr. ~ [jal;'ibal] Skt n stream., river. 'iil\I [jalh] a Bhatt bard who eulogised the Guru. "sumatI jalh jaDi jugatI."-s;weye ill 3 ke. ~ [ja1ahD], ~ [jalahn] ;'It Bhatt bard who eulogised the Guru. "ja1han til' blpas banayo." -saveye ill 4 ke. 2 a Sidhu Jatt from Bhadana village, who was an open-minded, and largehearted devotee. His wife's name was Ramki. His simple words carried del~p meanings. Once when he was transplanting onions, somebody asked him how union with God could be achieved. Pat came the reply. "rabb da ki pauDa, odhro puttDa te edhar 1au1).a." i.e. 'divert your mind away from worldly affairs and dedicate it to God.' He was a contemporary of the sixth Guru. "jalhan sadh huto JIS than. tahf lag pahuce guru bhagwan. nam ramki tIS ki dara. harkhat ur pIkh yak ucara."-GPS raSI 7 a 15. ~ [jaly], ;::n;r.;ro [ja1yan] a Bhatt bard who eulogised the Guru. See ffij' and H"1fO. "gobfd puri sam ja1yan til' bIpas banayo."-saveye m4ke. ;::fHo [jallan] See ~. ~ [jallad] A J{jf n one who flogs. 2 executioner, hangman. tffl [jallo] a mas~d (a priest who received offerings and presented them to the Guru) of Tulspur. He was in the service of Guru Arjan Dev. tW [jay] Skt n impulse. 2 speed. See ~".

[javan] Skt adj impulsive, agile. 2 n horse. 3 pron which, who. "javan ka1 sabh jagat banayo."-c.Jpai. 4 See~. 5 See Ro. H~()aa(') [javanbran] n which gives moonlightthe moon. "j;waJll karan ki bhaganI bakhanahu. sut car kahI pun sabad pramanahu. take at satru pad dijE. nam tupak ke sabh 1ahI lijE." ~sanama. moon's sister Chandarbhaga river; its son grass; its grazer deer and his enemy, the gun. ~ [javnIka] Skt n tent wall, curtain. ~ [java] See fFf~ and BW. 2 Skt n gu1dupahrria flower; Chinese rose. 3 Javasa, a prickly plant used in medicine; Javahancarp.el thorn. "java jemI jare."~VN 4 saffron. ~ [javaID], ~ [javam] See ~. ~ [javai] Skt ~ son-in-law. "kIs hi dhara kia kuram sake naIl javai."-asa m 4. tW"A" [javas], ~ [javasa] Skt l:if'Pfl", ~ and 'l:iP'"FTa". L Alhagi Maurorum. n Javaha, a type of grass which perishes in the rainy season and is used for making superior shutters for cooling the air in summer. Its seeds are pestrepellent. 2 Skt ~ speed, flow. "than j~g ko javas."-PP ~ [javahar] A /tjj~ plural of j;:Jhar, jewel. H~'(:HlfFfl1f [javaharsfgh] See~. 2 resident of Agra, a Jarhia Sikh, who attended the congregation ofthe tenth Guru, when he visited Agra. 3 maternal uncle and minister of Maharaja Dalip Singh who was murdered by the army at Lahore on 21 st September 1845. Lal Singh was appointed minister in his place. Jawahar Singh's memorial is at Masti Darvaza. 4 a Punjabi poet who wrote "Ramvar" in 102 stanzas. It tells the story of Ramayan in brief. A specimen i c given below: "supnakha apachra bani kar karan ca1a, akhe raje ram 11111 sun rau chata1a, mEnU tU kar Istri tak joban ba1a,

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tmll hor ki lorie jIS rava!). sala. ~ [javItri] See ~. raghupatI kahI sun supnakh, Ih gall na mana ;:Nt [javi] Skt "lfcr;:r, adj fast-running, clever. sahas kasale mansa jInha do rana, "slJnat dutle javi turag."-GPs. 2 one who eats rup vataIa rakhsi ban ai bana, barley. "jalasri javi."-paras. 'living on water palka utto janki muh kardi vana, and eating barley.' 3 n oat or barley-like lachman nakk utana nale do kana...." foodgrain. It is largely fed to the animals. L ~ [javaha] See ~. 2 In Pothohari. Avena Sativa. rapeseed is also called by this name. ~ [javeh!).a] advas, like. "paba javeh!).e." iW"7i [javan] Skt q~?l: P Jf? nand adj -cc;Ii 3. 'like mountains'. youngman, youth, youthful. iWmJ [j;wehar] See~. "lal javehar mat:\ki ~ [javana] plural of javan. gurbhaQarE SOI."-sri a ill 1. ~ [javani] P j,? n youth. iWc:Rit [javehri] See~. 2 n jeweller, a person ~ [javab] See Hmr. who judges the quality ofjewels. 3 ofjewels. "handh;mu ratan javehri so gun handhanu ~ [javamarad] P J/'? adj brave man. 2 youngman. han pasahu devaIa."-var brla ill 4. ~ [javeha] adv as, like. ~ [javamardi] P UJ/l? n bravery. ~ [javayan] Skt IfCWfT n thyme, Ptychotis ~tJT [javadha] a Jatt subcaste. 2 a village ajowan. P~. a soalike drug used to treat inhabited by Jatts of Jawandha subcaste. stomach ache, gastric trouble and indigestion; H;f [jar] Skt~ adjinanimate. 2 foolish, idiotic. javayan is diuretic and cures the disease of "jar baman In rasan ko janE kaha upaI." bladder and liver. -krrsaD. 3 root; origin. 4 foundation, base. 5 See;::r;:r('iT. It is sown in the mr :1th of Magh and harvested in Harh. Ll height it equals a ~ [jarat] adj studded, inlaid. 2 n process of coriander plant. Its effect is hot and dry. "mel studding or inlaying. javayan khaI su badna."-NP See~. ffif3T [jarta] n foolishness, stupidity. tNTQ [javar] n millet, food grain of autumn 2 unawareness. 3 adj one who inlays. harvest. Skt 1ii'~. L Sorghum Vulgare, E i1;R)T [jarna] ), stud; inlay something with a blow. Great millet. 2 A .If? neighbourhood. ~ [jarbharatJ Skt~. There is a tale in 3 neighbouring country. Bhagwat that raja Bharat reared a deer. His H;eia!!l'c:::' [javarbhata] See ~. affection for the animal remained firm even at the time of his death. Hence he was born as a ~ [javal], HWI.2 [javalu] A JIJJ n decline, downfall. "khauphu na khata na tarsu javalu." deer. After dying as a deer he was born as a -gau ravrdas. 'there is no fear, no omission brahman. Being in the know of his previous and no fear of downfall at that place.' 2 P JI? birth, he detached himselffrom everybody and sack, large bag. 3 deception, fraud. 4 adj led an inanimate life. Hence this name was openly. "java I duha: nE!).a nu naca v!).a." assigned to him. -Ci'Jrrtr 228. 5 A J~ plural ofjabal (mountain). mrifcr [jarmekh] n a nail which is driven with a specific procedure at the time of constructing "calle acal java!." -kalki. 'Even the most a house or raising a garden. Foundation mark. powerful warriors, stable as mountains, got ~ [jarvat] adj tN~\J1<ia made inanimate by dislocated.' 5 See if1?

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frost. "ai masatI jarvat ki nIai."---sar m 5. 2 like a root. ;i;3T [jara] adj foolish, stupid. "kavan su surta kavanu jara?"-maru solhe m 5. 2 studded, inlaid. ~ [jarau] n process of studding or inlaying u gem. "gur ka sabad ratanu hE hire jIttJi jarau." -;;m{}du. 2 topknot of matted hair. tr.Pi [jarau] adj studded; in which gems have been inlaid. ~ [jarav] See ~ 1. "bIn jarie IE japo jarava."-asa m 5. 'Without the application of aphorism or rhetoric by any Pandit, people of good conduct have embellished their conscience with virtues.' ~ [jaravi] adj studded, inlaid, "dharal).I suvani khar ratan jaravi."--var gau 2 m 5. 'studded with jewel in the form of grass.' 'R'fl:r3' [jarIt] adj studded, inlaild. tr:ft [jari] n herb. 2 See Rmi'. tr.il>w [jaria] n expert in studding jewels. See ~. 2 a subcaste of Jatts of Jind, further divided into five subcastes-Rangi, Jaria, Beria, Jhari and Khichar. ;::r;r [jarh] See 'ffif and I'S". tfT [ja] pron which "ja dInI bIsrE pran sukhudata, so dInu jat ajae."-gau m .5.2 part if, whether. "ja patI lekhE na paVE tii sabh nIraphal kam."-asa m 1. 3 advwhen. "ja apI krIpal hOVE harI suami.'''-var brha m 4. 4 Skt n mother. 5 wife ofhusbandl's younger brother. 6 adj born; it is used at the end of a word as janakja, gIrIja etc. 7 P ~. place "kI sarbatr ja ho."-japu. 8 short for baja (at the right place). 9 S of See HFJt:rr. 10 imperative of v i'fT<!T. go. W [jii] See W 2. "jii ape nadan kare harI prabhu saca."-mala m 3. 2 short for Fro [jan]. 3 short for az-ii; from him, from he:r. ~ [jau] n birth, origin. 2 (he) may go, (you)

having gone. "mohl).ia Istria hovanI nanak sabho jau."-var majh m 1.3 (I) may go. "jau na jam kE ghat."-mala m.5. wre- [jaIl adv after going, after reaching. "jaI pucha tIn sajl).a."-sri m 4. 2 n origin, birth. "hE bhi hosi jaI na jasi."-japu. 'is present, was present, will not take birth, will not die. ' 3 may cease to exist; vanish. "jItu bhau khasam na jaI."-val' asa. 4 continuing. "vaqa na hOVE ghatI na jaI."-sodaru. 5 P Li:> n place. "duji nahi jaI."-var asa. "dargahI mIlE tISE hi jaI."-dhana m 5. 6 See })fT1f. ~ [jaIa] gave birth, produced. "dhanu janni jInI jaIa."-sri m 3. 2 was born; was produced. "na oh marE na jaIa."-bhEr m 3. 3 n Skt ;:rrw mother. 4 wife, spouse, better half. See WGJT 1. "tah mat na badhu na mit na jaIa."--maru m 5. 5 A adj in vain. 6 useless, worthless. ~ [jaIkE] having been born. "jival).u marl).a jaIkE."-sri m 1. 2 having reached. "jaIkE bat bakhani."-GPS. 'fI'Tfuw [jaItha] used to go. "haj kabE hau jaItha."-s kabir. flIfee l d [jaIdat], "'j1fee'e [jndad] P y'~1r luggage, wealth, property. ~ [jaIphar], ~ [jaIphall See RTGO 1. 't"l"fuar [jaIba], ~ [jaIbo] v go, move, depart. "na kachu aIbo na kachu jaIbo." -dhana pipa. [jail goes. "Ih bIdhI mIlal). na jaL"-SOl' d m .5. 2 pluml of tjTljf [jay]; places. "sabh tISE kia jai jiu."-majh m 5. 3 gave birth, bore. 4 daughter. 5 in vain. ;:rrt [jae] may go. 2 may give birth. 3 children. "jae apne khaI."-s kabir. 4 place. "bag mIlakh sabh jae."-gaum 5.5 futile. 'fITR" [jas] n praise, glory. "jItu grIhT madarI han hot jas."-kan m 4 partal. "abInasi bImal jako jas."--tO(;U m 5. 2 See 'fI'TlJ. 3 short for

it;.

wm

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visited this place three times, because his maternal grandparents' lived in the sau man manI a7"-geJU kdbir. neighbouring village "Chahal". The place ii"RO [jas,m] adj glorious, praiseworthy. "apdhI where the Guru stayed is known as "Rorhi SUndt ap hi jas<om."-bavdn. 'Himselfis glorious, Sahib". It is located at a distance of about one He listens to His glory.' 2 See RTFJfo. mile in the south-west direction. Here used to HIHriSIHri [jasanbascm] adj praiseworthy. be a pond, which has now been turned into a "jasanbasan sahIjkel karul)amE."-dev m 5. beautiful tank. Naria, a devotee of the Guru, tfl'H'fo [jasanIl will go. "jasanI jandmu sabhu belonged to this village, with whose grace han."-var ram 1 m 3. several misguided people came to the fIT 'HYW [jil sapuradl P );'-Uir laid down life righteous path. for someone, sacrificed himself. The service of this gurdwara was unde-r'fITRT [jasal, ~ [jasal (I) go. "hau van van taken by Bhai Badhava Singh. Now it has a apl)e guru kau jasa."-vdQ m 4.2 (I) will go. very fine building. The villagers are very wfi:r [jasIl, tfTFft [jasil will go. "putu kalatu na devoted beings. Fairs are held on the occasion sathI koijasI."-varsorm3. "jaI najasiracna ofBaisakhi and 20 th Jeth. One hundred bighas jInI racai."-jdpU. ofland stands in the name of the gurdwara. It H'lJ [jasul n praise, glory. "jIS ka jasu SUndt bhav is 12 to 13 miles away from the railway stations tariE."-maru m 5. 2 I go. "hau sad balIharE of Atari, Kana Kaccha and Valtoha. jasu."-sri d m 1. 3 I will go. 4 pran to whom. ;::("I'U'6" [jahar 1 A filb adj apparent, evident, "jasu japat bhau apda jaI."-gdu d m 5. obvious. Hldari~ [jaharnavil Skt ~ Ganga. "jaharnavi tfT1J11 [jasusl A v~ spy, detective. 2 informer, reporter. tape bhagirathI al)i."-mdla m 4. See 'i1"q"ff"3T and~. ifIl;J'HT [jasusil P tfYIr n spying, espionage. 2 reporting; act of informing. tJTUdT [jaharal A l;ilb adv apparently, evidently, i{1"ij" [jahl (contemptuous) go away! 2 See ;:pobviously. "nanak ka patIsah dISE jahra." 10. 3 P ~~ n status, rank, position, authority. -asa m 5. ~ [jahjadil deprivation ofdignity or status. 'fI'Td'fa" [jahu1 See RTUO. "ape gupatu varatda See i{1"ij" 3. "pachotal) bran jah jadi."-BG. ape hi jahan."-var brha m 4. Accompanied by wringing of hands, this word 'fITd"li5' [jahal] A Jir adj illiterate, unlettered. 2 ignorant. is in western Punjab used for expressing regret ;:rrijT [jahal goes. "bahan kahe jaha he7"-maru and repentance. ~ [jahadl A -fl) n one who has renounced solhe m 3. the world and has engaged himself in 'fITdT()' [jahan1 See t=I'iJ"O. meditation. 2 A -fir a crusader, one who wages wfu [jahIl (they) go. "jahI savarE sajh bIal." -gdU m 1. 2 adj similar to, like. "meru karo trIl) a holy war against the infidels. 3 investigator. te muhI jahI."-VN. 'Make me a mountain of tJTm-rc!' [jahmal)J a large village in police station Burki, tehsil and district Lahore. On its eastern gold from a blade of grass.' 3 pran to whom. "bed sakE nahI jahI batai."-knSdn. 4 who. side at a distance of about two furlongs, there "aghasur ki sui jahI phari hE."-krrsdn. is a gurdwara of Guru Nanak Dev. The Guru
w~ [ja sau] with whom. "Ihu man bac;la kI ja

javasI; will go.

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sabhukIchu hOI."-bhEr m 5. ;::rrfuarr [jahIgaJ will go. "jta re jahIga mE 'f.I'Tfur [zakIJ P Jf} short for az-a-kI. because. ~ [jakIrJ A .J'U adj who mentions. jana."-gau kabir. tJTfut!' [jahI d J See ;:rr<Je". 2 meditator. H'ctt [jaki], Him [jakiJ, ~ [jake], ~ [jakE], w& HTfua' [jah:rrJ See ;::rrc]'"6". [jakE] whose. "jaki pritI sada sukh hOI."-gau A'fuaH~a [jah:rrjahur] A .J~lb "kI jah:rr jahur m 5. "jake cakar kau nahi gan."-gau a m 5. hE."-japu. 'His manifestation is evident i.e. "jakE atarI baSE prabhu apI."-sukhmani. beyond doubt.' A'fua'H~a [jah:rrajahurJ See j=fTf~\1. 2 There A'ihHlfH [jakEbasisIJ jake-ab-sis pur; on whose is a village Pur Hiran in police station, tehsil head. "jakE basiSI dharIo gUrI hathu." -savEye m 4 ke. and district Hoshiarpur. A gUirdwara Jahrajahur of Guru Hargobind is there at a distance of tI'Cl [jako], ~ [jakoJ to whom. 2 whose. "jako half a mile from this village: in the north-west matr utarE sahsa."-sar m 5. direction. The Guru stayed here while on his war [jagJ n curd or yogurt put into milk to way to Kiratpur from Game Sahib. coagulate it. 2 H fire. "jag jaravat nagar ko." It is located at a distance ofabout one and a -vrid. 3 See tif'dT. 4 awakening. 5 place, spot. half mile in the south-west direction. A fair is 6 P if} crow. held here on the occasion of Basant Panchmi. wartJr [jag~sIJ will awaken. "jagasI jIVal) The villagers donated five ghumaons ofland to jagal)hara."-prabha m 1. the gurdwara in 1915 AD. It is managed by a HTanlfo [jagsenI] Skt ~w. daughter of committee from the same village. Yagyasen (Drupad). Draupati. See ;::rrarH-fo. tJTfu1;r [jahIIJ See ~. WCIJC!T [jagl)a] v wake up, rise. 2 get rid of wtit [jahi] goes, passes. "jo dIn aVE so dIn ignorance and acquire knowledge. 3 adj jahi."-suhi ravIdas. 2 go. "calatu na jahi awake, conscious. "hau suti pIru jagl)a."-sri lakhl)e."-suhi chJt m 5. 'go unnoticed.' amI. 3 pron whose. "jahi ke nam pratap hu te." tJTaI'3' [jagd>t] awake. "jagat suta bharamI -krrsan. 4 adv wherever, where. "jahi or jau vIguta."-maru m 5 Jjuli. atI adar taha hi pau."-Poets 52. A'dldH fd [jagatjotI] n spiritually-awakening ~ [jahuJ (will) go. See W;'~."mo kau chogI light, different from the mundane one. na au jahu re." -g<JU k<Jbir. 2 pron who, whom. 2 The Creator, who is the incarnation of spiritually-awakening light. "jagatjotI japE nISI See~~. basaL"-33 savEye. ~ crrg [jahu kahuJ pron to everybody. "jahu kahu apuno hi CItI aVE."-sar m 5. ~ [jagatuJ n awake, aware. 2 state of having acquired knowledge. 3 adj who has acquired ~ [jahnviJ See HeI'lJ3'" and ~o<it. H'c{ [jakJ See tiI6if. 2 short for zakakhel. See knowledge. "jagatu jagI rahE IIv 1aI."-bIla ~. "gurikhel mahmadle jak dhae."-carItr thItimi. 96. 'H"'a'l'O [jagan], H"'Cl'fi'iT [jagna], tl"OIQ [jaganuJ See ~ [jakau], ~ [jakahu, R!otT [jakaJ, i'IW [jakaJ ~. "jagna jaganu nika harIkirtanmahI jagna."-maru a ill 5. See W and ~. pron to whom, whose. "jakau apni karE bakhsis."-s ukhm ani. "jaka kia 'H"'aTHfo [jagmenI J See tl'<lTRfo. Some ignorant

Wfu [jahI] See 'M'fu.

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scribe has put the wrong word in place ofH'Orit

fu". "jagmenr ko prr tham kahr patr pad bahur

ucar. anuj adr sattat arr sabh sar nam apar." -sanama. The correct version is "yagysenr koprrthamkahr patr pad bahurucar. anujadr sutat arr sabh sar nam apar." Yudhishthar, husband ofYagyaseni (Draupadi), his young brother Arjun, his charioteer Krishan, his enemy, the arrow. tl"aRf [jagarl, ~ [jagraJ).], ~ [jagraJ).ul Skt n awake; feeling of lack of sleep. 2 state of awareness. "nrt nrt jagraJ).u karahu."-sar m 4 partal. i1'i1RI'3' [ragratl Skt awakened; feeling of lack of sleep. 2 state of having knowlege. ~ [jagall Skt adj wild, or relating to the jungle. 2 n a country with scant rainfall; wilderness. 3 wild animals as patridge and deer etc. ~ [jagIIk] Skt adj wild. 2 n wild animal. "jagal kar jagIIk vrses."-GPS. 3 snake charmer. ;:nrr [jaga] n place. 2 state of being awake. 3 adj awake. "janam janam ka sora jaga." -bherm 5. 'R'iII'fu [jagarl adv having awakened. 2 having kindled, having illuminated. "paramjotr jagar."-sava m 1.. A'al'f8~ [jagarI).u] S v awaken. 2 kindle, illuminate. ~ [jagael cause to awaken. "jrsu te suta nanka jagae soi."-asa am 1. H""a1'T3" [jagat] See trclJl3". iI"dT'fo [jagatr], FJTOIT3l [jagati], ~ [jagatia] collector of religious tax i.e., zakat. See HOT'3t. "jamu jagati nerr na ara."-tukha chJt m 4. tr'fcrr [jagr] having woken up. "jagatu jagr rahE gurseva."-mala a m 1. Hiait [jagi] Dg n kettledrum sounded in time of war. H'aftij' [jagirl P ;fir n act of receiving land given

by a king. 2 freehold village or land given by a king to someone; fief. A'dnae,a [jagirdar] fiefholder, landlord. WijJ' [jagu] See H"Of. "jagu re man, jaganhare." -asa m 5. "jagu sor srmran ras bhog."-ram kabir. 2 will go. "na aVE na jagu."-sri m 5. tI1J3T [jaguta] who remains awake, who has renounced sleep. "kapri kaute jaguta."-sri a

m5.

watit [jagotil n jagh-oti; loincloth. "kara

karasaI).U manu jagoti."-sIdhgosatI. See 2 S~ cord tied to the heads ofjogis. iJliHC!' [jagraI).] See RTa'RI'<!". "bhE bhar jage se jan jagraI). karahr."-prabha am 3. ~ [jagrat] See i1'i1RI'3'. 2 Skt awake. wfaJ [jagrr] Skt \iffll vr wake; not to sleep. Wur [jaghl Skt ~ n part of the body between the knee and the waist; thigh. WuIPw [jaghia] n shorts; a short dress worn on the thighs; a dress to cover nakedness; a sort of a small underwear, which wrestlers and people engaged in exercise wear. Wtf [jacl See H'tJOT. 2 test, examination. 3 investigation. 4 skill, method. H'itr [jacl See 'H'tT 2 and 3. 'H'tJCf [jacak] Skt lif'\3Of beggar, suppliant. "jacak jan jacE prabhu dan."-sukhmani. ~ [jacaI).u] S See ;::rrB'O. 'H"tlO [jacanl, H"tf<'iT [jacna] Skt beg. "jacau sat raval."-bIla am 5. 2 request, supplication. "sadh tere ki jacna vrsaru na sasr grrasr." -asa am 5. 3 assess, estimate. 4 test. Nttr:ft [jacril n supplication demand. "jacri sa saru."-var gau 2 m 5. 'H'Tfect" [jacrk] See ~. "jacrk magE nrt namu."-var gau 2 m 5. [jacE] asks for, demands. "jacak namu jacE."-kali m 5. 2 assesses, estimates. See H"tf<'iT 3 and 4. ~ [jacd pron whose. "jacE gharr kulalu
a;pmj'.

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brahma."-mala namdev. 2 assl~sse:s. See tJTe?iT 3 and 4. 'R'lit [jacovE] asks for, demands. '''jacak sada jacovE."-var ram 2 m 5. tp;;i'aro' [jacagna] n alms, entreaty, begging, charity. "janu bachE jacagna."--maru solhe m 5. 2 'Men and women all b(~g from him.' tI"tfi:r [jacatIJ yacatI; they entreat and beg; he begs and entreats. "jacatI nanak krrpa." -sahas m 5. 'fI"'iI'Q [jajak] a performer of sacrifice. See l:il"RC{. WffJf [jajam] P (.lr n floor cloth on which embroidery has been done. "jajam dlI'U satraji

'R"C!' [jal).] n knowledge, understanding,

sag."-GPS.
H'ire' [jajra] See FRJ"i=RIT.
~

[jajrur] P

.,,?,L.lr n latrine.

~ [jajro] See FRJ"i=RIT.

[jajul], RTij1? [jajull] Skt 11"ij"5Jr adj radiant, illuminated. 2 Dg n anger, wrath. AJijfMq' [jajullIka] lightning, brilliance. See ;:rrff1? "kI jajullIka chE."-datt. t=Rft [jaJli] member of a marriage party. "ape jaJli ape maJli."-asa chat m 5. H1C [jat] See Re. 2 topknot of the matted hair. "karr jat jata jat jat."-kan m 4 paftiitl. ~S Sa group of pilgrims. 4 furrow. ~ [jatro], ~ [jatra] S(~e Re,ffi~'. "Ih bIdhI sunIkE jatro uthI bhagh laga."-asa dhana. tr? [jato] See Re and MTC. tfTi5Q [jathar] Skt adj relating to tIH: abdomen (stomach). 2 n offspring, progeny. 3 hunger. 4 stomach's digestive heat. tJTi5"ij' -e-ijf [ja thar rag] abdominal disease, stomach's disease. See ~ ~IT. fIia (jag] See iTIr. 'fI'IiIT [jaga] winter. See ~ 2. "agE gham pIchE rutI jaga."-tukha barahmalla. ~ [jagy] Skt n inertia, inertness. 2 winter, coldness. 3 inertness, laziness.

awareness. "pure guru te jal).E jal).."-basat a m 1. 2 going, roaming. 3 imperative" of jal).na. 4 See~. tI'<!O' [jal).na] v acquire knowledge, understand. "jal).Ia anadu sada guru te."-anadu. "jal).o prabhu jal).o suami."-ram chat m 5. ~ [jal).anI], [jal).ni] (they) know. "murakh sacu na jal).ni."-var asa. ~ [jal).la] adj knowing, conversant. "sabhkIchu jal).la."-var ram 2 m 5. ~ [jal).a] adj knowledgeable, wise, prudent. "bhagat koi VIda jal).a."-sri m 5. 2 v go. 3 (He) knows. "karam dharam llCIhi jal).a." -suhi m 5. ~ [jal~aIa] made to understand, made conversant. "gun purE jal).aIa."-sor m 5. ~ [jal).aIh] makes (him) understand. 2 you make it understand, you make it conversant. "ja tu jal).aIh ta koi jal).E."-vad m 5. 'A"C!'t (jal).avE] makes (him) understand. "jal).iE je apI jal).avE."-suhi chat m 1. ~ [jal).I] adj scholar. "guru kau jal).I na jal).ai, kIa tISU Celju acaru."-sri m 1. 2 adv having known, having understood. tf1it [jal).i] adj knowing, conversant. "sabh jia ka hE jal).i."-var brha m 4. "bInu gur pure kOI llCI jal).i."-asa am 3. 2 going, departing. 3 understood, knew. ~ [jal).ia] knowing, conversant. "jal).ia akal gatI."-SavEye ill 2 ke. 'conversant with the ways of a-k<ll (the supreme god).' AJ<!1HI~ [jal).ijal).u] adjomniscient, all knowing. ~ [jal).iy] See ~. 2 worth knowing. ~ [jal).u] adj conversant. "gItha sada nalI harr atarjami jal).u."-sri m 5. "adhi dunia sahIb jal).u."-asa m 1. 2 v know. '''ape akhal).u ape jal).u."-var ram 1 m 1. 3 pad as if. "jal).u na jae maia jujhe surme."-ca(ii3. 4 who goes. "kaha teaIakaha

rrrrn

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H'dMtfa

Ihu jal).u."-var mala m 1. 5 P Uv n loss, harm. "vahedar jal).u."-varmajh m 2. One who shoots an arrow in the sky will himself be harmed for it will be falling upon him in return and no harm will be done to the sky. 6 A Ufj defect, flaw fault. 7 See ~ 3. ~ [jal).ul adj conversant, knowledgeable. tl"i [jal).ol understand, know. 2 adjconversant, knowledgeable. "ape jal).E jal).o."-vaq m 1 alahI)i. ~ [jal).oil adj conversant, knowledgeable. "jo sabhsE ka jal).oi."-sopurakhu. fI10 [jatl n horse's mane. "mastak karan jat dng griva."-GPS. 2 Skt n birth. 3 son. 4 adjbom. 5 adv passing. "jat akarath janam padarath." -dhana m 5. 6 Skt while going. "avat sag na jat sagati."-bhEr kabir. 7 Skt tifT3" adj dead. "jat jaI dIjbalak dEM."-krrsan. 8 Skt known, knowledge. 9 A .::,.Ij the reality of an object. 10 soul. 11 caste, family, subcaste etc. 12 personality. 'fI'la"a" [jatakl Skt n child, boy. 2 ancient scripture which describes the consequences of good and evil planets. ~ [jatkaraml n rituals performed at the time of birth. tI"3i"l [jatanl n reprimand, punishment. See tifI3OT. "je je jIy jatan te q.are."-VN. 2 whereby, with which. "jatan madhu kEtabh ko khadyo." -paras. fI10 'i'i'fI'Tfo [jat najatIl high and low caste. "jat najatI dekhI mat bharamahu, suk janak pagi lagI dhIavEgo."-kan am 4. 'R"3OT [jatnal punishment, reprimand. See tifI3OT. ~ [jatpat] adjbom and dead. See MTfutr'fu. il"3'a" [jatar] whereby. "jatar jacch kInar asuran ki sabh ki knya hnani."-paras. ~ [jatrup] Skt n that which has admirable appearance; gold. "jatrup ke katak suhaL" ~-GPS. 2 silver. 3 adjwhose appearance is as

beautiful as ofgold. ti'dMtfa [jataljab], f1l'3"ffif>.r [jataljam] A ~bfj Skt 1JNCf 'WI" ribache, pleurisy. This disease is caused by catching ofcold, drenching in rain, wearing of wet clothes, injury caused to the chest, fracture ofthe rib, deterioration of bad cold, pneumonia etc. At first there is a slight fever caused by drag of feeling and heaviness. Then, there is inflammation of pleura and congestion and twinge below the breast, thereafter shooting pain ensues and breathing becomes difficult. There is bit ofdry cough and quantity of urine decreases and turns red in colour. The tongue gets unclean and the face becomes red. Normally this disease affects one side of the body but at times both sides may be affected. This disease should be treated by a very competent vaid, hakim or doctor. The general treatment of it is: (l) to make the patient lie in a warm bed and ask him not to talk too much and avoid deep breathing; (2) to tie a sweet round cake made of hen's egg on the chest; (3) to provide warmth, give massage with turpentine oil, forment with poppy foods and cover the chest with woolen clothes; (4) to tie linseed poultice at the place, where pain is felt; (5) to make the patient drink hot soup; (6) to make the patient lick of two rattis barasfga ku~ta, mixed with honey thrice a day; (7) to make him drink decoction made of one tola of dried black grapes [munnaka] and one tala ofrind ofmyrobalan, mixed with honey; (8) to give him one tola ofdehydrated white alum mixed with two tolas ofsugar with warm water; (9) to mix gum acacia, fenugreek seeds,

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aniseed and barley in equal measure and then grind them with water to make a sticking paste and apply at the place of pain; (10) to open a vein to let out impure blood from the body; to apply a hollow pipe or leaches is also useful, but all this should be done by an expert doctor. Ignorant persons do mOIre harm by needlessly letting out blood. ~ [jatval adj conversant, knowledgeable. "sabhas da jatva hE."-JSBM. 2 adv lmowingly. ~ [jatvedl Skt ~ n fire. 2 the Creator; etymologically: 'He knows all those who have taken birth.' Hence he is Fl"3"k [jatvedl. 'fl'l3T [jatal adj conversant. "janam jata gyan gyata."-akal. 2 one who goes or moves. 3 known. "jrni gharu jata apI).a."-asa am 3. "jrnr jata so trs he jeha."-o;~kar. 4 n journey. "han ki-i hamari saphal jata."--bJ:la m 4 partal. 'journey of human birth.' 5 Skt daughter. 6 origin, birth. ;::rrftr [jatrl Skt n birth; genesis. 2 division in the society to differentiate one from another; . division among communities nursing no discrimination in sharing food and performing marriages. It can be due to numerous reasons-racial, geographical, historic:al feuds and occupational hazards to name a few. This division is prevalent in all countries and religions but among Hindus there is no limit to it. Taking these obscurantist beliefs as damaging for the country, the Sikh Gurus raised their voice against them and traveilled far and wide to convince through thl~ir sacred discourse that all human beings are progeny of the same Creator. High and low castes are the result of only deeds, as: jaI).ahu jotr, na puchahu jati, agE jatl na he.
--aSili m

1.

agE jatr rupu na jar.

teha hOVE jehe karam kamar. -asa m 3. bhagatr rate se utma, jatr patr sabde hor, brnu naVE sabh nic jatr hE, brsta ka kira hor. -asa m 3. jatr ka garabu na kariahu koi, brahamu bfde so brahmaI). hoi. jatr ka garabu na karr murakh gavara, rs garab te calahr bahutu vrkara. care baran akhE sabhukoi, brahamubfdu te sabh opatr hoi. mati ek sagal s;Jsara, bahu brdhr bhaQe ghare kurnhara. p;Jc tatu mrlr dehi ka akara, ghatr vadhr ko karE bicara. kahatu nanak rh jiu karamb;Jdhu hoi, brn satrgur bhete mukatr na hoi. -bhEr m 3. jatr janamu nah PUChiE, sac-ugharulehubatar, sa jatr, sa patr hE, jehe karam kamar. -prabha m 1. garabhvas mahr kulu nahi jati, brahambfdu te sabh utpati. kahure p;JQrt, baman kabke hoe, baman kahr kahr janamu mat khoe. jJ ill brahmaI).u brahmI).i jara, tau an bat kahe nahi ara? tum kat brahmaI)., ham kat sud? ham kat lohu tum kat dudh? kahu kabir jo brahamu bicarE, so brahmaI).u kahiatu hE hamarE. -gau kabir. kou bhayo mUQia s;Jnyasi kou yogi bhayo, bhayo brahamcari kou yati anumanbo, hfdu J turak kou rafzi Imam f?afi, manas lei jatr sabh ekE pahrcanbo. dehura masit soi, puja J nrmaj oi, manas sabhE ek, pE anek ko prabhav hE. devta adev jacch g;Jdhrab turak hfdu, nyare nyare desan ke bhes ko subhav hE. ekE nEn, ekE kan, ekE deh, ekE ban,

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xak bad at;}~ ;) ab ko r;}lav hE. ;}llah abhekh soi, puran J kuran oi, ek-hi sarup sabhE ek hi banav hE.-akal. sadhu karam jo purakh kamavE, nam devta jagat kahavE. kuknt karam je jag mE karhl, nam asur tIn ko jag dharhl.-VN. ghIu bhaqa na VI cariE, bhagta jatI sanatI na kai.-BG, var 25. pnthimall aru tulsa dOI, hute jatI ke bhalle SOI, sun dar~an ko tab cal ae, namo kari bEthe qhIg thae. ur hakari gna ucari:"eko jat hamar tumari." ~ri guru amar bhanyo sun SOI:"jatI patI guru ki nahf koI." upjahf je ~arir jag mahl, In ki jatI sac so nahi, bInasjat Ih jarjan hOI, age jatI jat nahI koI. 'agE jatI na joru hE, agE jiu nave, jIn ki lekhE patI paVE, cage sei keI.' Im ~ri nanak bak ucara, age jatI na jor sIdhara. upjE tan It-hi bInsate, age sag na kIse calate. sImaryo jIn satInam sadiva, sIkkhan sev kari man niva, tIn ki pat lekhe parjaI, jatI kujatI na parkhahI kaI."-GPS. 3 family. "phadhi lagi jatI phahaInI."-var mala m 1. 4 subcaste. 5 jasmine. 6 nutmeg. 7 universe, creation. "jotI ki jatI, jatI ki joti." -gau kabir. 'It is the creation of the radiant Creator, creation illuminated by intellect.' "jatI mahI jOtI, jotI mahI jata.,,_var asa. 'The Creator in creation and creation in the Creator.' ~ [jatIahu] on going, continuing. 2 going.

"jIh dar avat jatIahu hatkE nahi kOI."-skabir. ~ [jatI ajatI] high and low castes. "jatI ajatI namu jInI dhIaIa."-va<;i chat m 4. 2 people of high and low castes. "kete tere rup rag kete jatI ajatI. "-sri m 1. wfoJrc'iTfu' [jatI sanatI], 'tflf3"FIO"3t [jatI sanatI] primary caste and hybrid caste. 2 low caste. "jatI sanati hon hfdvat:tia.,,_trlag m 1.. wfo t.lf3' [jatI patI ], 'tflf3" tI"fu' [jatI patI] caste and subcaste as caste Kshatri, subcaste Kapur, Bedi etc. "jatI patI sabhI terE nar." -basat am 1. "hamri jatI patI guru satIguru." -suhi m 4. wfo ~ [jatI varat:t], 'tflf3" ~ [jatI varan] caste and subcaste as caste Brahman, subcaste Gaurh, Sarsvat etc. "jatI varan te bhae atita."-prabha am 1. tI"'3t [jati] See 'A'l'fu. "jati dE kIa hath, sacu parkhiE."-var majh m 1. 2 pilgrim. "jau tum tirath, tau ham jati."-sor ravrdas. 3 known, understood. "gnh apune ki khaban na jati." -gau m 5. "gatI nanak vIrli jati."-majh m 5. 4 Skt n jasmine. 5 creeper. 6 Dg elephant. 7 a devotee of Guru Arjan Dev. 8 A adj personal, individual. ~ [jatia] knew, understood. "sabhe gala jatia."-gau m 5.2 Skt t5ltir adjpertaining to a caste. i1'3t Jjw [jatI sDdar] adj naturally beautiful, basically good. 2 n horse. ~ [jatimalIk] a Brahman disciple of Guru Hargobind. He was family priest of the Sodhis. He fought with great valour in the battle of Amritsar. His son Daya Ram was also a great warrior. Jatimalik died at Kiratpur in Sammat 1699. See~. ~ [jatu] Skt part ever, likely. 2 perhaps. 3 n magic. ~tr'O [jatudhan] Skt n possessing magic; magician. 2 demon; in Sanskrit text demons

wfo

JIj

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are thought to be great magicians.

A'eMtiS [jatu1jab] See

~.

H'3' [jate] going, moving. 2 known, unchlrstood.

"gurpr<}sadI kahu jate."-dev m 5. .3 since when. "jate sadhus<}r<}l)I g<}hi satI s<}haj manI bh<}IO pr<}gasa."-sar m 5.4 from where. "hOI ja te ten: naI vasa."-sohr1a. 5 See W3". iJ'3' [jato] known, understood. "tera kita jato nahi."-mudav-Qi m 5. 2 going. "jato jaI k<}ha te aVE."-g;mm 1. ~ [jatr] caste. "basE dram jatr kE."-BGK. 'makes trees fragrant.' 2 pilgrimage. "gavan bhavan jatr k<}ran."-bhr m.5 partal. tr'9: [jatra] See~. "bh<}isaphal jatra."-dhal1a am 5. Here pilgrimage means living in human form. ~ [jatri] Skt ~ adj pilgrirn. 2 n traveller. 3 a village in police station Mangatwala district Sheikhupura, located at a distance of twelve miles to the north of railway station Changa Manga. Guru Arjan Dev visited this place. See

m.
[jatva] See ~. 2 Skt knowingly, purposely. tJTe' [jad] See tifTt!. 2 P )1) n birth. .3 son or daughter. 4 adjbom, in such a context, it comes at the end of a word as lfIi'i<JHlt!" l[khanzadJ. 5 A n travelling expenses. A"t!'ij' [jadah] A ulf> n path, passage. 2 adjbom. See~ 1. ~ [zadan] P 1,;))1) v give birth, beget. 2 be born. 'A"t!H' [jadam] Yadav, Yaduvanshi. "krIsan jadam bh<}Ia."-var asa. ~ [jadamraI] Yadav prince, Krishan. 2 God, the Creator.' "hinri jat:r rneri,
'what is reflected in the mind of Shiv who suppresses carnal desire.
~:=~ 3T:=3ffi'l'IT "1:[:, ~T

ct <f

'fiI'H-q 1,11 1"-( ~9fi19T ~;, ~

"l:flGq;=~~~m~"!llG'Rf\if:~~1

jadmraIa! "-bhr l1amdev. [jadav] See ~. trm [jadvi] ofYadavs. "b<}hut sm h<}n jadvi." -krrsal1. ~ [jadves] yad<}v-ii;>, Krishan. tf"eT [jada] P ~)I) adj born, as in amirzada. 2 A ~)v more, additional. 3 See ~. ~ [jadu] P ')~ n magic, charm, spell, sorcery. WVClJO [jadugar] n magician. 2 sorcerer, charmer. ~ [jado] See ~. ~A"fu [jadojaI] adj continuously on the march, perpetually on the march. "hukmE jadojaI."-sor a m 1. Wed/Fe [jadoraI], ~ [jadoray] a clerk in the service of nawab Daulat Khan who along with Guru Nanak kept accounts of stores of grains. 2 Yadavraj; Krishan. 3 See~. tr'O [jan] n attendant of a deity; slave. "tare bhavsfdhu Ite bh<}g<}t h<}rIjan."-kan m 4 parta1. 2 Skt l:ifTi') mode of conveyance, vehicle. 3 P UV loss, damage. 4 P U~ vital force. 5 life. 6 Skt ~. "jan prabin suami prabhu mere."-dev m 5. 7 adj knowledgeable, conversant. "jan ko det ajan ko det." -aka1. A"'i"I1l [jan<}u] know, understand. 2 knows, understands. "janau nahi bhaVE kav<}n bata." -sri am 5. w 'i'ilttn [ja nai;>in] P cl!'lf> n successor, descendant. tf1'i"rn"d' [janhar] mortal, perishable. 'A"'i'iST [janahu] know, understand. 2 part as if. A"'Oci(' [janak] adj knowledgeable, conversant. 2 part as if. ~ [jankar] adj knowing, knowledgeable, conversant. H'OOft [janki] Janak's daughter, Sita. A/C'letlO'l:i [jankinath], ~ [jankip<}tI], HI(')ofl'ilij [jankivarJ Sita's husband, Ram Chandar.
~

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j..d'l:J1:> n feeling of exhaustion, total loss ofvitality. A'(,)<!C::l'q [janal).haru] adj knowing, knowledgeable. "janal).haru rahra prabhu janI."-ram m 5. H"'(')"8' [janath], H'<'ie" [janad] knows. "jo brnsat so nrhcal janath."-maru m 5. "sagal gUl).a brdhr janad."-sar m 5. 2 one who has knowledge, one who imparts knowledge. Wi'ie"a' [jandar] P .11--'1:> adj living, animate. H"(')'(')' [janan] v knowing, learning. AI(,)(,)ijlij [jananhar], t'I l (')(')()lg [jananharu] adj knowledgeable, knowing. "jananhar prabhu parbin."-sukhmemi. 'H"'O'(')T [jan-na] See H"(')'(')'. "jan nanak jagu jamo mrthIa."-gaum 9. H"'i'i'i"ITur [janniy] adj worth knowing. "janniy budhI karkE jou."-GPS. H"'OlJ'ijT [janpura] Bhai Santokh Singh has mentioned in the 35 th chapter ofthe 12th section of Gurpratap Suray that Guru Tegh Bahadur stayed at Janpura after his departure from Jind. This village is in Bangar from where the Guru set out for Agra. "janpure Ik hE guruthana. taM. karan <;leTa ham jana.... nagar agre marag jJn. karkE sedh cale guru tJn." H"'(')"8' [janab] See ;:rrfua-. tr'i"i1JTU [janbah] adj driver of a vehicle, coachman, charioteer. "kou janbaha." -gyan-: 2 short for ajanubahu. See l'>1lt'1IQal~. ~ [jabbhai] a horse meant only for tre riding of Guru Hargobind. See QJmlTaT. 2 The Khalsa uses this word for any horse used for riding. 'H"(')' )-fQTW [jan marala] See l-RJTI?HT(')'. W 7{IjJ [ja mmaz] P Jlilf n prayer carpet of Muslims. 'H"(')' fl:rar [jan mug] See ~.

AI(')cie(')~ [jankadni] P

[janvar] P .IiI:> n living being, animate.

-

~ [janavI], ~ [janvil See Hql33T and

t'Il()a(')~.
Wi'jT

[jana] v go. 2 adj known, understood. 3 P vtl:> beloved, darling, dearly loved. iJI'(')T3' [janat] makes known. "apas kau janat." -gujm5. Wi'i"i'ro [jananah] P ,jtl:> of the beloved. 2 like the loved one. wfo [jam] adv having known. "jam ajan bhae ham bavar."-sor reJVIdas. 2 to a disciple, to a worshipper. "saranI aIo udharu nanak janr." -kan m 5. 3 during the life time, throughout the life. "saglijanI karahumaudipha."-maru solhe m 5. See ~. 4 Skt n wife, consort. 5 See 't'J1'?l1. wfo8' [jamb] A "':""'J:> direction, side. 2 edge. wfo Jfu" [janr bujhr] adv knowingly, deliberately. "jam bujhr apna kio nanak." -dhana m 5. wfo1;r [janry] worth knowing. 2 knowledgeable, conversant. H""i'IT [jani] known, understood. "jani jani re raja ram ki kahani."-ram kabir. 2 living being, animate. "sadre ae tIna jania."-vae,:f m 1 alahI).i. 3 member of a marriage party, bridegroom. "jalI malI jani navalIa. "-vae,:f m I alahI).i. 4 explained, described. "kahe na jani augal). mere."-gaum 1. 'cannot be described.' 5 P jlf the dear one, beloved. "kad pasi jani! tohI."-var maru 2 m 5. 6 soul, spirit. "jani vrchOnre mera maral).u bhara." -vae,:f m I alahI).i. 7 A criminal, the accused. 8 brave, daring. 9 a devout Muslim who became a disciple of Guru Hargobind and attained spiritual enlightenment. "jani ko rk jani brna. kachu na suhavE ur rk chrna."-GPS. 10 A ju adj lecherous. 11 Skt mA, sage, scholar. ~ [janiatl is known, is acquainted with.

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understand. calara."-v<:lQ m 1 <:llahl).i. 2 knowle:dgeable, ~ [jam:] knows. "kor na jam: tumra at." -sukhm~mi. 2 disciple, worshipper. "cami knowing, conversant. 3 dear one, beloved. "janiara harr janiara."-ram chat m 5. arpave harrjanE."-k<:llr m 4. iJ17i'h:IT [janikha] See ~. w* [jano] know, understand. 2 v go. "jah jano 'fITQ [janu] n knowledge. "jaje janu magatjan so citr na aVE."-asa m 5. jacc."-asa P<:lti m 1. 2 disciple, worshipper. "so ~ [janhvi] See ~lJ3T and H1tJdi'lcil. saca harrjanu."-var bIlla In 4.3 adjknowing, ~ [janyau] known. "nanak nam nrrajan conversant. "ape surta ape janu."-bIla m 1. janyau."-saveye m 4 ke. 4 part as if. "so janu dey agna."'-ramav. tI"tf [jap] Skt n repetition ofYahguru's name or some other incantation. 2 Bhai Gurdas has 5 imperative form of janDa, "gur ki suratr used tI"tf [jap] in place of japuji. "amrft vele nrkatr karr janu."-ram m 5.6 Skt'SfFj,n knee jap ucara."-var 1. 3 knowledge. See 0IJllf vr. p }I; L Genu, G Gonu. 4 See RTtf"NT. "jap jap jape brna jo jevE parsad. 'tI""QJJ'3T [janusuta] See ~!J~F. so vrsta ka krram hur."...-r<:lhIt. 5 See wfu. 'fITQl.I"'O [janupan] adv admitting ddeat, on the 6 See R'lf,'l. 7 See 'i'l'Iif 2. knees. "jimupan parE' sabf."-datt ~ [janurog] knee-pain. Skt sHtsI:S,cfl ~ Due trtret [japi] repeats. 2 is apparent; looks. "nanak to flatulence or disorder of blood, swelling of hukam na japai."-var mala m 1. 3 it seems as if. "ev bhr akhr na japai. "-var asa m 2. the shape ofjackal's head occurs in the knees. This is a very painful condition and mogility tr'tI'fi:r [japasr] will appear. 2 will know. 3 will repeat. becomes arduous. The following are remedial measures for its cure: tJTtn:ft [japsi] one who repeats incantations etc. castor oil to be given in cow's milk; "prabodh hare japsi."-<:lkal. 2 See NTtffi:r. ;:rtl.fU [ja pah], HTlffu [ja pahr] See 01Jl1.f vr yograj guggal to be administered by mouth; appears; as if. 2 becomes prominent. "dargahr decoction of harar, bahera, aola alongwith japahr sei."-sor m 3. 3 recites incantations. guggal to be given; 4 from whom, to whom. "japahr jau apu guggal along with the soup of patridge be administered; chutkavanr, te badhe bahu phadha."-g<:lu decoction of two tolas of crushed gilo and kdbir. 5 See HTO'. trrphala, each be prepan:d and six mashas of iT'l.lY [japahu] recite incantations etc. "man, guggal be given with it; japahu ram gupal."-kan m 4 partal. warm application of paste made of dried 'fI1UCf [japak] adj who performs recitation. , tJ1tltft [japji], trYtft [japuji] text sacred as Japuji, ginger elua in cow's urine or vinegar; authored by Guru Gobind Singh. This is daily massage ofnarayani oil:, fastening of woolen recited by the Gursikhs. Numerous scholars cloth or fomentation with warm, old, used cotton. "philpav pun januroga."-C<:lrItr term it as Akal Sahasarnam. It has 199 stanzas which are of 10 types. J 405. ;:rrg [janu] See wo 5. adj acquainted, familiar. ~ [japDa] v seem, appear. 2 be known. lek-<Jchri. harrbolmana, carpat, cacri, chapE, bhagvati, ~ [janurog] See ~. bhujagprayat, madhbhar, rasaval and mal. ~ [jane] who has. 2: may know, may

~ [janiara] animate, living. "jani;}ra ghatr

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See~.

Wt!t [japl).i] See tIltI"O't.

tJ11a [japat] seems, appears. "bIn harr japat

hE nahi hor."-mala m 4 partal. 2 seems, appears. "pragat pratapu tahu ko japat." -bavan. ;:rrt.rt!T [japda] becomes known. "harIjiu sabde japda."-sor a m 3. See 0TJI1,f vr. 2 recites religious hymns. trtIi"i' [japan] v recite incantation etc. 2 See ~. 3 Skt ~ who repeats incantations. "japjapanhE."-japu. 4 part as if. "mare japan bIjuIi."-cac;fi 3. tr"lfi'IT [japni] n rosary. 2 are known, are understood. "bInu gur gul). na japni."-sri '! m 3.3 recite. 4 See~. tfI1.li'fu;r [japniy] adj worth repeating. W'll'iit [japyE] worth repeating. "kI sarbatr japyE."-japu. 2 ~ worth informing. 'R'W [japa] a devotee of Guru Ram Das. 2 a disciple of Guru Arjan Dev, who was resident of Shahdara and was from Bhandari subcaste. WlPO [japan] a famous country existing as archipelago in the Pacific ocean. The Japanese call it Nippan which means land of the East. Most of it is mountainous. It has numerous volcanoes. Some of them are dormant while others are still active. But for its eastern side, the rest of the country is earthquake prone. There are several hot water-springs containing medicines such as sulphur, having curative properties. It has an overall area of 260,738 square miles with a population of77,005,500. 1 The rivers are not very long but their flow is very fast. Due to heavy downpour and melting ofsnow in summer, they get inundated. These rivers are useful for irrigation but are not good
'According to the 1925 census, the population is 83,458,405. Apart from it, as many as 625,430 Japanese are settled in other countries.

for navigation. There is <;iiversity ofclimate in the country. During winter, in the north temperature plunges to as low as sop and in the summer hardly touches 80, while in the south it does not go below 42 and above 98F. 40 inches of rainfall is recorded in the north while this figure is 80 inches in the south. At a few places it touches the figure of 150 inches. The Japanese trade relates mainly to agriculture, silk, forest and fish products. Most of its land is not fit for agriculture, as the requisite material cannot be made available there. There are numerous mines ofvarious types yielding enormous profits. Labour is very cheap in Japan, that is why factories are efficient there. Woollen, cotton and silk clothes, polished wooden articles made of iron, screens of soft grass, mats, tapestry, curtains, ceramic wares, bamboo and willow furniture, match sticks, glassware, umbrellas, fans, articles of iron and steel are manufactured and exported by the Japanese. The .Japanese belong to t!le Mongolian race. They are pleasant and thoughtful people. Highly tolerant, they are seldom extravagant and are very particular about etiquettes. A family offive (persons) is regarded above the norm. The Japanese attain their full height earlier than the Aryans. The normal height of their males seldom exceeds five feet and one or two inches. Their females are generally of 4 feet and eight inches in height. The bodystructure of the females is feeble. The Japanese houses are not high rising. They don't construct beyond two stories. Tables and chairs are seldom used. They take their meals in saucers, while sitting on the ground. Generally they eat rice and take tea.
2S ee

tlO<J'OTfn, with its note and ~.

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;::rrt./l1it [japiE] may recite. "saca nau othE japiE."-var guj 2 m 5. 2 seems, appears. 3 is known. ;:ry [japu] See Rtf, Hl:f and"flTtf. "japu tapu gIanu sabh dhIanu."-sukhm;mi. 2 a bani by Guru Gobind Singh, which like Japuji is included in daily recitation by Sikhs. See;::r1.ftfi. 3 worthy of recitation. "ramnam jap japu. "-sri m 5. ;:rrlJ [japu] a devotee of Guru Arjan Dev. He was of Dlhutta subcaste. 2 a Khatri of Bassi I 'Kindergarten' is a German word, which mcans children's (Vassi) subcaste. He was a devout follower garden. It tcaches them alphabet, through th(; use of of Guru Arjan Dev. "japu vassi sev kamavE." pictures, flowers etc so that they may not lose interest. This method was invented by Friedrich Frobel (1782-BG. ;:ri)' [jape] repeats, performs jap. "ath pahIr 1852).

From the point of view of bodily cleanliness, the Japanese are as methodical as were the ancient Egyptians. In the openair bathrooms, they bathe with boiling water. This particular practice may be the cause of skin diseases, which are so rampant in Japan. The other diseases prevalent are heart attack, indigestion, leprosy and elephantiasis. For sports and exercises, wrestling, magical activities and athletics are in vogue, but the most distinctive is juj itsu (a strategic type ofwrestling in which all the effort and strength of the opponent go to his own disadvantage). It is said to have originated in 25 Be. Education is compulsory for chilldren in the age group of 6 to 14 years. There are about twenty six thousand elementary schools, seven thousand and six hundred craft schools, six hundred and thirty-five kindergartl;:n I schools, three hundred and twenty middle: schools in Japan. In the elementary schools such subjects as etiquettes, Japanese language, mathematics, geography and history are taught. Training in exercise is also imparted. In the higher schools, in addition to the aforesaid subjects, Chinese, English, French, German, geometry, physics and politics are taught. There are more than one hundred high schools. In the capital city ofTokyo, there is a girls college which imparts teachers' training to the fi;:males. There is a women's university in Tokyo. Th<~re are other big state-sponsored universities in Tokyo, Kyoto, Tohoku, Hakedo and Kidhushio. Japan has no official religion. Every religion is viewed with impartiality. Majority of the

people belong to Shinto and Buddhism. Each of these has four sects. Shinto is an ancient religion. Buddhism came to Japan in 552 AD from Korea. The Japanese are known for their religious festivities. There are innumerable Shinto temples in Japan but they are simple, while temples relating to Buddhism are elegant and capacious. Buddhist rituals are also more graceful than Shinto rituals. Amongst the elite, many are the followers of Confucianism. tfT1.fli'ft' [japani] a resident of Japan. 2 of or pertaining to Japan. 2 the Japanese language. wfir [japI] imperative ofjap. "man mahI japI bhagv~tu."-ramm 5. "ath pahar prabh ka japu japI."-ram m 5. 2 Skt ~ n acquaintance, knowledge. 3 intellect. 4 joy. 5 praise, commendation. "apan kia nanka ape hi phIrI japI."-sukhm;mi. 6 worth reciting. tI"ftp;t [japIE] worthy of repetition "kI sarbatr japIE."-japu. 2 See ~ 2. H'tit [japi] Skt ~ adj one who repeats an incantation etc. "nanak japi japu japu."-ram m 5. 'One worthy ofreciting, chants recitation.' 2 is known. "hukamunajapikhasamka."-gau

mi.

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tudhujape pavna."-majhm5. 2 n'MTif-}?fTJ..f[jay"jabmali bali pra.!).hi.!).a karyo."-ramav. ap] drain. "jape challe ratt de."-c~)c;li 3.3 part H i S<1a1 [jabvati] Skt \jnT"Ff~T daughter of as if. "jape dItti sai maran sObh di."--cJQi 3. Jambvan, whom Krishan married. She gave 4 See ;::rrn. birth to ten sons including Samb, Vijay etc. See wi)- [japE] recites, performs jap. 2 it seems, it Wa"fu. appears. "japE apI prabhu tIh IOI."-oJkar. ~ [jabvan], ~3" [jabvat] Skt "l1l="1C1I;\"nanak gaIa japE jaI."-japu. 3 knows. "kI "l1l="1C1~~a leader of bears. He was very helpful japE sahu aVE, kI na aw:!"-brha chJt m 4. to Ram Chandar during his battle of Lanka. H'tr.r [japy] Skt adj worthy of recitation. 2 n According to Bhagwat, Krishan married his prayer, submission. 3 ~ adj worth making daughter Jambvati. It is mentioned in Valmik known. part I, chapter 17 that once when Brahma ~ [japhat] A .::.:;~ n feast, entertainment. yawned, Jambvan came out of his mouth. 2 hospitality, service. "japhat ke het dhan dino ~ [jabah] a Vedic ascetic. het kino bahu."-GPS. wfa'a'r [jabItal A ~w. n procedure, method, ~ [japhar] Skt ~ n nutmeg L Myristica custom. 2 code. moschata. "ela su dakh japhar kapur."-GV fTlftre" [jabIrl A /.~ adj one who patches up. 1O. Its effect is warm and moist. Its oil relieves 2 oppressor, tyrant. joint-pain, bodily disorder and colic pain etc. t1 i gMRd l (') [zabulstan] See H'SR3'i'i. See~. 2 jib adjvictor, conqueror. ~ [jabunadl Skt ~ n gold recovered t1'Ci:dadl [japharbeg] son ofAdinabeg, who was from Jambunad. There is a tale in Bhagwat defeated by the Sikhs in a battle near Batala. that upon Merumandar mountain there is a H'liid'(,) [japhran] A cJljYJ n saffron. 2 a Jaman tree, with fruit as large as elephants. It Tartarian race. is from the sap or juice ofthese fruit that river ~ [japhri] A Jjl n victory, conquest. "jag Jambunad flows. This river flows in Havrit japhri dIMda."-gyan. 2 A J)y' a flower like territory. The soil, thus irrigated with this juice marigold, which is golden in colour. when dried by the rays of sun, gets converted ~ [japhal] See'tl""GO I. "japhal satguru sabad into gold. The ornaments made from this gold kar, moh sanI kar nas."-NP. Myristica are worn by the wives of the deities. 2 gold. mosc.hata is useful in curing bodily disorder. "jabunad ke phul1agae."-GPS. tffia.1r [jahza] P ',Jilf adj tonic, energising drug. WH [jam] n Yam, god of death. "talahI jam ke H'SRd l (') [jabastan] P cJl;J!JJ a territory of dut tIh ju sadhu sagI samahI."-bavan. Ghazni, Sistan etc. 2 birth, genesis. ";mIk jonI janmE man jam." tr'a"HT [jabja] P l(-~ adv at every place; here, -sukhmani. 3 ofYam, god of death. "mit saja.!). there and everywhere. sabh jam."-barahmaha majh. 'All are like the il"S'dT [jabta] See ~. god of death.' "adar devat jam."-jEt m 5. ~ [jabmali] Skt ~\ijT;;~rrl1Tr.'I(1;ft-n son of demon 'Angels of death shower honour in place of Prahast. He was a soldier of Ravan. When dishonour.' 4 S n leader. 5 Skt IfI11 n a period Hanuman was uprooting the Ashoka garden, of three hour's duration. 6 A (~ silver cup. 7 goblet. 8 a devoted disciple of Guru Arjan Jambali went to fight against him, riding on a donkey-driven chariot. Hanuman killed him. Dev.

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t.n-It.P-f. 2 P (.(1:' a peculiar cup of king Jamshed of Iran, from which everything relating to geography and astronomy could be known. tf'}f(!' [jama!).], ~ [jama!).ul Skt \if~ n a kind ofblack plum, which ripens in the rainy season and is of sweet and sour taste. L Eugenia Jambolana. There is also a white variety of it. Its vinegar is of very high quality. 2 coagulant such as curd, which is add~:d to milk. 3 v take birth. "jama!).u mar!).a elis SJ:n: ubhJ." -mala am 1. ~ [jam!).u] See~ 1. 2 adjinherent, inborn, natural. ~ [jamdaganI] Skt ~:=j' son of Jamdagani i.e. Parshuram. "bhayo jamdagna dIja avtara."-paras. See FlH"eOrfo. WHO [jaman] See~. 2 A ,:(w, one who makes additions. 3 responsible. 4 helpful. NTHi'IT [jamni] See FJH1?i3'. :2 Skt t;pf)-!it night. 3 Skt ~ of Greece; Greek. "kahu jamni torki birvIdya."-ajE. ~ [jamnibhakha] See ~'l'T ;~'. 'R'lHg [jamnu] See ~. ~ [jamvan], ~ [jamvat] See FJi'~. iM-fT [jama] Skt n daughter. 2 P ....1f garment. 3 dress. "je ratu lag kapr jama hOI palitu." -var majh m 1. 4 body. "jama mohI turak ko ahi."-NP. "caturath jama jab ham dharhi':." -NP. 5 A c;\r accumulator; one who gathers. 6 a place like a mosque where lots of people gather. iJIHT3T [jamata] Skt~ son-in-law, daughter's husband. ~ [jamarae] See ~;~. wfH [jamI] adv when, heretoforc~. "sukh man mahI aI vasIa jamI tE phurmaJ:a."'-vaQ chat m 1. 2 if. "jamI na bhijE sacnaI."--basat m 1. 3 Skt wfH a woman of one's own lineage or subcaste. 4 sister.

iFo

iM1tm' [jamjam] See

FJTHt [jamil took birth. 2 n of or relating to Yam,

Yam's weapon, noose. "ja pad pntham DakhankE mi pad at bakhan. jami pad Ih hot hE nam pas ko jan."--sanama. 3 understanding, knowledge. "Ih karan kya ucro svami. It ut dharat na ham kachu jami."-GPS. 'fITl;fFI' [jamus] A vy\r n male buffalo. 2 according to Saravloh, a soldier of demon Viraynad. tMfm.r [jamejam] See FJT}-fffi-f 2. 'f1"lH [jam} originates, grows. "upan jam ghas."-s kabir. "bIn bij nahi jam."--sar m 5. 2 in which "jamE bhajanu ram ko nahi." -bIla m 9. FPtif [jay] place. See Fl""fu. 'WtiICm" [jaykah], ;::rrl:il'W [jayka] A ~U n sense of taste, tongue's gustatory capacity. 2 taste, gust, secretion. i3"tirtI'U [zaycah] P n horoscope. 2 details offortune telling. 'ffTliI"i3" [jayaz] A 'i\r adj relevant, proper, reasonable. ~ [zayad] P ~f) adj more, in excess, excessive. 2 surplus. ~ [jaydad] P yj~1r n property, estate. ~ [jayphar], ~ [jayphal] See FfT'Gij" 1. ~ [zayal] A n eradication; elimination. adj which has been destroyed. "jakhmi jag bhumI bhe jayal."-saloh. WliI'" [jaya] Skt n wife; in Hindu scriptures, wife is a woman, who gives birth to a son. Manu writes that it is the husband who takes birth in the guise of a son; so the wife is called a mother. See HQ ch 9, s 8. 2 mother. 3 A tL.:> adjlost. i{11!f [jayu] Skt adj victorious, triumphant. 2 Dg n medicine. iP"O [jar] n dragnet. "bIthryo adnst jIh karamjar."-akal. 2 Skt one who establishes sexual relation with a woman who is someone

.ft;

JI;

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else wife's; lecher.! "cor jar juar pire ghaI).if." -var mdla m 1. 3 aged man, old man. 4 imperative form of jar;:m. 5 A .I1f neighbour. 6 P .II) cry, lamentation, wail. 7 desire. 8 when used as a suffix with a word, it gives the sense of place e.g. gulzar. 9 S combustion, inflammation. 10 worry. 11 title ofthe Russian emperor (czar)2, its origin is the Latin word Caesar; first ofall this title was conferred upon Grand Duke Ivan III (1462-1505), but it was Ivan IV who enjoyed this title with full authority in 1547 AD. F.f'Q [zar] means king of kings. It is written in many ways viz-czar, zarr, czaar, czarr, tzar and tsar. ffl [jaru] burn, put to flame. "jar~u tISf ju ram n~ cetf."-g5c;l kdbir. wafR' [jar~sI] (he) causes to burn. "tIS SIU ji~ra jar~sI re."-maru m 5.2 will burn. ;:rracr [jar~k] adj that which makes something burn, that which puts something to flame. 'fITijif [jar~j] Skt n son born to a woman from the semen of her lover, who is not his putative father. "sut pItmar~kjog l~kh bh~yo hIye me sog. pun hulsyo jIy jOIsi s~mjhe jar~j jog." -brhari. 'begot a son who was supposed to be of her husband. He was worried but when found that the infant was from her lover's semen, there was joy all around.' 'fITijif G"H1i [jar~j tam~s] See C'lfR'. f.I'Ta'i.I"I'a [zarzar] P -"hI; extreme lamentation. "rovf jar jar dhunf sis chati."-sdloh. ;::rrao [jar~th] n senility, old age, sense ofdecay. ~ [jar~I).] Skt n act of burning, reduction to ashes. 2 cumin seed. tfT03' [jar~t] burns, sets on fire. "kos kos l~g
'Many ignorant Punjabi writers use Persian tl"<r [yarl for
iN [jarl,

which is not correct. Similarly to write iN [jarl

for tl"<r [yarl is improper. 2Nowadays. there is no emperor in Russia; the country has a democratic setup.

c~hu dIS jar~t."-GPS. 2 A "::-.IV n personal meeting; glimpse. See't.flil"03". 3 glimpse of a holy person or place. tr'Qc'i [jar~n] See ~. wao't [jar~ni] Skt ~ adulterer's mistress; adulteress."je rna hOVf jarni. "-BG. iI"'a'8"Q [jarbar] adv after reducing to ashes, after burning. "jarbar k~r nath."-cdrrtr 233. wfa' [jan] adv by burning, by reducing to ashes. 2 n fire that burns things. 3 in a blaze; on fire. "mok~u ghalI jan."-bds;;it kdbir. 4 Swoman. 5 v imperative form ofj~la (burn). "nan~k jISU pfj~r m~hI buha n~hi so pfj~r If jan." -var sri m 2. ~ [jari] burnt, set on fire. "kam krodh maIa If jari."-asa kdbir. 2 n mesh, trap. "khEc~t dVf k~r jhiv~r jari. "-krrSdn. 3 sexual indulgence. "kan k~hyo h~m khelhf jari."-krrsdn. 'Let us indulge in sex.' 4 See l:ifIQl. 5 A JA, adj continuous. "bh~yo khun jari."-sdloh. m'? [jal] Skt n window, peephole. 2 mesh of strings to entrap animals. "m~chuli jal n~ jaI).Ia."-sri d m 1. 3 careya arborea tree, wild tree, forest. "jal bIr~ch ki chaya heri."-GPS. 4 group, gang. "nas bh~e ~gh jal."-GPS. 5 pride. 6 cataract in the eye. "dhUdh jal pr~val khasi."-sdloh. See l{~. 7 A If? artificial structure. 8 deceit, cheating. "jal ~nek nIsac~r k~re."-sdloh. 9 S wife, woman. ~ [jal~u] burn. "jal~u fsi ritI, jItu mE pIara visr."-var vdc;l ill 1. 2 I cause burning. 3 may I ignite. fI11Im"fI' [jalsaj] P ;up. adj one who fabricates a mesh; forger, deceiver, cheat, betrayer. tJ"1IIro [jal~h] P ...M n hail, hailstone. WHY [jal~hu] See ~. 2 (you) ignite. tf"li)c{ [jal~k] adj one who sets things on fire, burner. "k~lm~1 s~gle jalka."-maru solhe m 1. 2 Skt n flower bud, blossom. 3 assemblage, group. 4 banana. 5 nest.

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[jalka] 0, igniter! Seei~ 1. Se:e R~. "ja lag CIt nd avai."-var suhi m 2.2 for whom, for which. ~ [jala!).], ~ [jala!).u] v burn. 2 n firewood; fuel. 3 S tolerate. 4 pass time, spend time. "jala!). gora nalI ulame jia sahe."-asa farid. ~ [jalna] v burn, cause ignition. 2 pass difficult time. ~ [jalap] a Bhatt, who sang paeans of his master. "sakyath su SIr jalap bhalJE.."--savEye m 3 ke. "jalpa! padarath Itre."-saw:ye m 3
WffiIT [jalag] adv until.

ke.
WHt.fT

[jalpa] n goddess of speech. See i=R?lf<). "jalpa jayati."-akal. 2 See tlTl?tf. 3 Durga, who is ardently worshipped in Jalpagiri; Jalpeshvri. See tr"l?tilF.r. f/TlIIS'lIlt!" [jalpad] web-footed creatures like a swan, duck, goose etc. farid. ~ [jalpi~], ~ [jalpe~var] a temple of ~ [jaladhar] adj pertaining to Jalandhar. 2 n See M~. 3 a well known disciple of Mahadeva at the bank of river Tista in district Jalpagiri in eastern Bengal. It is also named as Gorakh Nath; Jalandhar Nath. Japyeshvar. In Purans, Jalpish has been greatly ~ [jaladhri] See ~. admired. See ~ ~ chapter 77. ~ [javasI] will go. ~ [jalpraya] SkI n a flexible body armour "fI"'rcil" [javak] Skt lac, scarlet dye, with this made of small ironrings; a coat of mail, worn women colour their hands and feet. 2 Several poets regard henna to be the same, but it is like clothes. Wffif [jalam] A (Ib adj cruel. 2 SkI \ilT<~ rustic, different. :3 See~. ~ [jav!).a] v go. uncivilized. 3 mean, base. WHHfifur [jalamsfgh] flagonkeeper of Guru ~ [javat] goes. 2 Skt1Tffi( advuntil, till then. Gobind Singh. See i=JTfuH 2. "javat braham na bfd teo "-sahas m 1. WW [jala] n rust, dirt. "lahE: man ki jala.."-vac;i ~ [javad] See ~ 2. chat m 1. 2 net, bondage. "amar ajoni jatI na ~ [javdek] SkI ~-~ adv the extent to which they are alike. "partna diragh saman jala."-brla m 1 tluti. "phathi rnachuli ka jala Iaghu javdek, jan;mI bhaganI suta rupkE tuta."-ram m 5. 3 eyelid, thin membrane nIharie."--BGK. covering the eye. 4 spider's web. 5 a Khatri subcaste. 6 algae grown in water. 7 niche, ~ [javal] Pkt n rust, dirt. 2 fungus. ~ [ja.vlipur] present day Jabalpur. arch. 8 adj burnt. tJffiii [jaII] adv by burning, by set1ting 011 fire. ~ [java], R [java] may (I) go? "hau dadhi kE dan java?"-vac;i m 1. "jalI mohu ghasI masu kan."-sri m 1. 2 n fire. "cfta jaii tanu jaIJ:a."-maru kabir. ~ [javai] son-in-law. "puti bhati-i javai."

3 entrapped, within a mesh. "ill kEse afT phathi jalI?" -mala am 1. ~ [jalIk] Skt ~ net maker. 2 juggler, acrobat. 3 spider. ~ [jaIIkal SkI noose, snare. 2 coat of mail, armour. 3 spider. 4 iron. 5 widow. tI"fim [jaInn] See tr'"ffi-f. 2 Dg powerful, mighty. With this meaning in view, many glorious personalities in Rajputana have their names as Jalim Singh. See"flTffi-lfi:fur. ~ [jali] small net. "jali rEnI jalu dmu hua." ---maru m 1. 2 burnt, reduced to ashes. "marti bar aganI sagI jali."-gau kabir. 3 mesh of cotton yam, silk, metal or stone etc. 4 A adj artificial, forged, not genuine. 5 deceiver, deceitful. tJT'5fo [jalellLI] (they) burn. "tan eVE jalenI."-s

if?

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-var bIla m 4. fi::r>,r [jra] n living creature. 2 mind, heart. ~ [java!I] See ~. 3 living beings. 4 life. ~ [javrtn] Skt L-Myristica Fragrans. n ft:po,rt [jra] P UV n loss, harm. 2 adj angry, crust of a nutmeg, that has sharp fragrance. wrathful, irate. It is used in many dishes like rice [pulao] as 'ft::mrtm [jrahi] gives life. 2 feeds, makes one well as in many medicines. Its latent effect is eat. "nrt addr k sabhIn jrahi."-GV 10. hot and moist. 1 It cures diseases like phlegm, ~ [jradah], ~ [jrada] A eJV adjmore, cough, kills worms in the intestines. It gives excessive, special. strength to the brain and the heart, is fi:r>,rro [jran] See tIWO. aphrodisiac, activates the muscles, cures ~ [jraphat] See ~. vesicle diseases. It is highly beneficial for ~ [jrarat] See 'fItiiT03" and wa3" 2. uterine diseases. ft:p,f [jra] See B"f. ~ [javi] will go away (feminine). "tIna bhukh fi:m [jrs], fi::rRu [jrsah], f;:mfu [jrsdhr] pron for sabhr javi."-tIlag m 4. 2 one who goes whom, whom, to whom. "jrs kau han prdbhu (female). manr cItr ave."-sukhmani. "jrsahr jdgar piavE rhu rasu."-sohIla. ~ [zaviyah] A :::-JI) n corner, angle, edge. tl"'Vt!' [javed] P ~Jl:> adj permanent, ever- fi::n:ra" [jrsat] n even, opposite of odd; for existing. example two, four, eight etc. 2 Skt a metal w;r [jar] n a cluster of roots. 2 strand of matted zinc. 3 See ~. fi:mo [jrsan] Skt~ n Vishnu. 2 Indar. "krrsan hair. 3 See ~. 'fI'IST [jara] See ;::rrw. 2 See w;r I. bhagat ko meghad jrsan."-GPS. 3 Arjun. 4 sun. 5 adjwho wins, victorious, triumphant. ~ [jarh] n molar, grinder tooth. fl:r [jr] pron who, whose. "tIn ki baJ).i sada fi:JRot" [jrsna] See fi:mo 1. "hE patr jrsna rup sacu hE jr namr rahe !Iv lar."-sri m 3. "jr sahi."-NP. 'incarnation ofVishnu. ' matr gahi jEdev."-savtye m 3 ke. 2 whose. ftiHC'l i3c:c [jrsnatak] demons who killed Jishan "jr drh nala kapra."-s farid. 3 Skt fl:r vr win, (Indar)-sanama. be ahead of all. ftn:Io [jrsdnu] See ftmo. fl:tQ' [jIU] n living creature. 2 mind. "jlu mohIO fi:rRQ ~ [jIsanu anuj] Varnan, Jishan's younger brother; Indar.-sanama. un mohni bala."-gau m 5.3 adv as, how, in the manner of. "jru hOVE sahrb sru mel." ftiHoe1H [jrsanuis], rtiHOeH [jrsdnues] master -sohIla. "jru ara tru javahr baure." of Jishan (Indar), Kashyap.-sanama. -ram am 1. fl:rmf [jrsam] A ( n mortal frame, body. ~ [jIUnar] Skt ~ edible substance. fro:r [jrsu] See ftm. "jrsu srmrat dukhq.era q.hahe." -gau m 5. "kastrka sabh des ki sdbh des ki jrunar." fi:IH [jrs]pron whom, whose. "dukh trsE pdhr -gyan. 2 food. 3 kitchen. fH@"11tit' [jrupral).i] aquatic life, aquarians, akhidhr sukh jrsE hi pasr."-sri m 1. aquatic animals, big fish, milter etc. "jru pral).i fi:rJ[ [jr~at] P .::./J adj bad, wicked. 2 ugly, jdl brnu hE marta."-suhi am 4. hideous. ~ [jrur] See m. 2 See m. ~ [jrsnu] See ft:!Ro. ~ [jrh] pron who, whose. "jrh prdsadr dhar IThe Greeks consider it warm-dry.

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uparI sukhI basahI."-sukhm,mi. "]jatr aru of remembering, meditation. 4 See~. patI nahan jIh."-japu. 2 with which, with fl::lfao [jIkwnu] sen whatsoever is done; has been done. "sabh umatI vekhahu jIkIonu." whom. "ar nahi jIh topau."--sOI' ravIdas. -varram3, 3 advwhere. "jIh paurhe prabhu sri gopal." -bher a kabir. 4 Skt bowstring. I P ~;. "mn tak fi:Tc! [jIku], ffl'ga" [jIkkur] advas, in the manner of, as if, as though. sarap nIharkE jIh agr tahI uthaI." -prichat. 5 part good luck. 6 applause. fi::fara' [jIgar] P Sktn:cpi E liver. n It is reddish brown in colour. The major part of the liver is 7 bravo! 'ft:rnmr [jIhdhar] n bow having a string; bow. on the right hand side under the ribs and above the stomach while a small portion is on the -sanama. left. Its weight is 1I40th of the total weight of ftidQdljd [jIhdharsut] n son of stringed bow, the body. It secretes bile, which helps in arrow. "jIhdhar pratham bakhan, tIh sut bahur bakhanIye. sar ke nam praman, catur cItt digestion. When it stops functioning, the body mahI janIahu."-sanama. In Shastarnammala, becomes sick. 2 viz: courage, boldness. arrow is named as son of bow and string; such ftrnTa'r [jIgra] n courage, patience, boldness. is its mention in Devat section of the book of See Rw. etymology. ft:raRft [jIgri] P tJ~ adj intrinsic, intimate. ftidfbfa [jIhdhIrI] where, wheresoever. 2 pertaining to the liver. 3 dear e.g. "oh jIgri fi:rar; [jIhan] A d'j n brain, intellect, sabadhi hE." understanding. fi::faT;r' [jfgra] adj warrior-like, quarrelsome. fi::ros'r [jIhbal, ~ [jIhav], ~ [jIhva] Skt "jfgra jalpa.. "-paras. f'trqr n tongue. "re jIhba! karau sat khaQ,." fRarr [jIga] T ~ n plume - an ornament in the -bher namdev. "car bed jIhav bhane."-sar m crown ofkings and other eminent personalities. 5 partal. "jIhva eku kavanu gun kahiE?" Plume and crest are the status symbols of -dhana m 5. sovereignty. ~ [jIhvek] unanimous, with one voice. "kardar cahO oran cire. "kab jIhvek batEyE?"-paras. jare bIkimat tIS mahI hire. fi:ror [jIha] See ~. jabar jeb jut jagmagkari. fi:rcJtw [jIhasa] Skt n desir~: to renounce. jIga. dai SIr badh udari."-GPS. ~ [jIhasu] Skt adjdesirous ofrenunciation. fi::raftw [jIgilsa], ft:rafh:r' [jIgikha] Skt ~ n fi:rure' [j I had] See i'KJTt!". desire to conquer. 2 endeavour, enterprise. ft:rdttrr [jIhikha] Skt f;:r,J91;fr n desire of FHdl:illftl [jIgyasa] Skt ~~ruT n desire for renunciation, wish to quit. acquiring knowledge; urge to understand. ft:ro' [jIhe] See Ft'fr. 2 See B;J-. fMar:;rrJJ [jIgyasu] Skt~adjdesirousto know, fi:rQH [jIhm] Skt adjcrooked. 2: guilefill, deceitful. 2 n one having the urge to acquire knowledge. 3 n irreligion. 4 guile. 'fHulqw [jIghtsa] Skt n intention to murder. firq [jIhv], f'trqr [jIhva] See ~. 2 desire to eat. ~ [jIkar] A n context. 2 mention. 3 act ~ [jIghtsul, ft:furTJ:! [jIghasU] Skt adj intention to commit murder. 2 having the urge 'Cobblers (shoemakers) call the tip (toe) ofa shoe jIh, \\hich they embroider with golden or silver thread. to eat.

.-t.

JJ

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f~

fi::I3ocg [jIt;:mkuJ, fi:Bor [jItana], f't:!37i" [jItno] advas much as. See fi:r3cg. long as, unless, so long as. "jIcar sathi naII." ~ [jItvar] adj triumphant, victorious. "bac;le -sri m 5. "jIcaru ghat atarI hE sasa."-sor m 3. jItvar suldcchan."-paras. 2 that day. 3 that fi:Ift:tt;p- [jIjIya], ft:1t:flr" [jIjia] See #R"lw. time. fi::rcs'1lft [jIthai] Skt n elderliness; respectability. ~ [jItra], ~ [jItre] advas much as, as "tat ki jIthai."-NP. many as. "jItre phdl mdnI bachidhI, tItre ft:rorit [jIthal)iJ, ~ [jIthani] n wife of sdtIgur pasI."~sri m 5. husband's elder brother, older sister-in-law. fi:sr [jIta] advas much as, as much quantity "der jIthal)i mui dukhI satap."-asa m 5. (as). 2 conquered, won. "jIta jdndmu dparu." 'ambition, expectation.' ~var guj 2 m 5. fi:rc5"6r [jIthera] See N&rr. "ghdr ke jIthere ki fM3"r3w [jItatma] Skt ~~, adj who has cukikal)I."-asa m 5. viz 'Yam's respect came conquered himself; one who has won over his to end.' or her desires. fi:rc!' [jIl)] See ~ and fi:ro. 2 victory. fu3tnT [jItana] v cause to win, cause to conquer. fNew [jIl)ka] adj victorious, victor. "jo 2 See HOW. 3 conquered, won. "jdgU tIlldhI gurmukhI hdrI japI jIl)ka."-var sor m 4. jItana."-var maru 1 m 3. ~ [jIl)tIa] those win, (they) conquer. fi::r3rat [jItari] adj winner, victor. 2 n victory, "gursIkh IE, mdn jIl)tIa."-var sor m 4. conquest. "pac;luvdn ki jIn kdri jItari." ~ [jIl)aIa] came out victorious, helped -carItr320. in conquering. ft:tf::r [jItI] adv in which side or direction, 'f;:ffiy [jIl)I] adv by winning. "mdnu jIl)I pasa whither. 2 Skt n victory, triumph. 3 profit, gain. QhaIIa."-sri chat m 3. ft::r3t [jIti] advas much as, of as much quantity ftifc!H're [jIl)IjaI] conquers, wins. "mane nau as. "jIti horu khIalu."-var maru 2 m 5.2 Skt soi jIl)IjaI."-Var ram 1 m 1. ~ n victory, triumph. 3 profit, gain. "tdU jIti 'ftI! [jIl)E] wins, conquers. "jobdnu ghdtE jdrua pin-l)e ddrI kItre."-sava m 5. 'You gain by jIl)E."-sri m 1 pahre. 2 pron who, whosoever. begging at several doors.' "laI cabaku manu jIl)E gurmukhI jitIa."-vaQ ft:r3ttr [jItia] have conquered, have won. "tdb m 4 gllO[iii. jal)E jdgU jItia."--tIlag m 4.2 adj conqueror, fi:lo [jIt] Skt ~ adj who is a victor; used as a winner. 3 advas many as, as much quantity suffix, as idr-jIt, $atrujIt, etc. 2 Sktm as. conquered, won over. 3 n victory, conquest, fi:r.r [jItU] See ft::ro. 2 adv while. "jItu kita paiE triumph. 4 adv hither, thither, whither. 5 See apl)a sa ghal bur kw ghaliE?"-var asa. 3 in 'f'trg. which direction, whither. "jItu ko laIa tItu hi fi:Eij" [jItau] conquered, won. 2 advas much laga."-asa kabir. 4 where. "vISarahI nahi as, so much as. jItu tu kab-hu so thanu tera keha?"-suhi m 5. fi:13'a' [jItakJ, fi:r3cg [jItku] advas much as, as 5 from whom, from which. "bddha chutdhI often as. jItu."-sri m 1 pahre. 6 pron which. "jItu ~ [jIt-te] got victorious. "jIt-te bISV dIhare dhan vari."-s farid. "jItu seVIE sukh sasar2h."-sahas m 5. hOI ghana."-bIla m 5.

fffiJ [ZIC] P (;;) n getting irked. 2 getting tired. fl::re'a" [jIcar], 'fi:1trg [jIcaru], fi:1ftN [jICIr] advas

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rna- [jIteJ adv as many as.

fffilTIrtil' [jItedrIyJ,
fffil~l [jItedri] adj one

whom has won control over his own senses. adv to which side, on which side. fi::r3' [jItol advas much as. fi:It [jIthE] adv where, from where, in which place, wherever. "jIthE jaI bdhE mera SdtIguru, so thanu suhava."-asa ch5t m 4. fi::ri full [jIthE kIthE] adv wh(~rever, everywhere. "jIthE kIthE snjdDharu."--var ram 1 m 1. [jItho] adv from where, flrorn which place. ft:re' [jId] A ~ n resistance, opposition. 2 persistence, stubbornness. 3 paradox, contradiction. fi:k [jIdl P -e; n life. 2 soul, spirit, vitali~y. "jIdu vdhuti mdrdD Vdr."~s f<Jrid. 3 mind, innerself, conscience. "uh r<Jsu jaDE jf du." -sri m 5. 4 life; lifespan. "kdrI knpa rakhi jIdu."'~sri m5. ~ [jfd<Jh] See fi:fer. 2 P ~-ej adf frightful, terrifying, horrible. 3 n ragged blanket, beggar's blanket. ~ [jIddhpir] See f'i::fet.ito. ~ [jfddhpil] P ....r:~-ej dreadful elephant, bloody elephant. ~ [jfdbrl daughter of Jatt Sardar Manna Singh Aulakh, resident of village Charh (district Syalkot, tehsil Jaffarwal). She was Maharaja Ranjit Singh's queen and mother of Maharaja Duleep Singh. After the British took control of Lahore, she was taken aVl'ay, kept under detention first in Sheikhpura, then shifted to the fort ofChunar (in district Mirjapur ofUttar Pradesh) on August 19, 1849 AD. She l~scaped from the prison in the guise of an ascetic and reached Nepal, where she lived with honour. In 1861 Maharani went to England to see her son where she died on 1st August, 1863, in London at the age of 46. Her body was

'fFS" [jIh::]

mur.
S-e;

cremated in Nasik area of Bombay in India. Bamba Duleep Singh, daughter of Maharaja Duleep Singh, brought her ashes from Nasik and installed them in Lahore near the memorial of Maharaja Ranjit Singh on 27 th March, 1924. Sardar Harbans Singh, the rais ofAttari performed the holy prayer. See ~

rt.fedl'(')1 [zfdgani], fBt:!oft [zfdgi] P j(-e; and

n life. 2 age, life span.
rt.fed~c')llfT [zj~dginamal See ~ ~.

f;:ft!tfur [jfdpir] n living religious teacher, ~ , god of water (Yarun). See ~m. There is a very beautiful temple in memory of Jindpir in an island ofIndus river near Bhakkhar in Sindh; many Hindus and Muslims visit this place to offer worship. Guru Nanak Dev also visited this place. A small monument has been built there. 2 a devotee of Guru Nanak Dev, who became a Sikh after leaving Islam. "hoa jfdpir dbIIlasi."-BG. ~ [jfdvari] another name of Jandvari. See
~and:~.

fi:fe;ft [jfdri] See ~. fi:fer [jida] n lock. 2 P ~-e; adj living; alive. fifet [jfda] See ~. fi:feto [zfdan] P UI~J n prison, jail. f;:fe'ra' [jfdarl, f'i::ftrfa" [jfdarI] n enemy of life. Yam (god of death). 2 See tkto. 'fi:lfec:r [jIdIh] on the day; the day. "jIdIh nala
kdPIa."~S f.O!rid.

[jIdu] See f';::fe-. ~ [jfduri] n life, lifespan. 2 soul, spirit. 3 consciousness, inner self, conscience. "hdrI hdrI namu dhIaiE, meri jfdurie!"-bIha ch5t m4. [jIdu] from whom, from where. "guru salahi apDa jIdu pai prdbhu sOI."-sri m 3. ~ [jfdu] n life, soul. "jfdu ku sdmjhaI."~s f<Jrid. 2 living creatures. "gurmuklu jfdu japI

rnv

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"jIna pIchE hau gai."-var maru 2 m 5. 3 who. "jIna satIgur IkmanI sevIa."-sava m 3. 4 conquered. "janampadarath so jIna." -maru solhe m 5.5 A CJ n sexual misconduct, extramarital relation. f;:rorij- [jmah] pron to whom. 2 See fi::ror 5. F"I()ia 1a9 [zInakari] P lS.J(t; n sexual misconduct, adultery. fi:lfo [jInI] pran whoever. "jInI ehu jagatu upaIa."-sri m 1. 2 whoever. "jInI jInI namu dhIaIa."-majh barahmalla. 3 partprohibition, negation. "unki gdI tohI jInI lag."-asa kabir. "dhanu dara sapatI sagal jInI apum kan manI."-s m 9. ~ [jmfdr] adj lord ofdemons. "jutejmfdr is."-saloh. 'Bhutnath Shiv gathered.' 2 J inendar, a Tirathankar of Jain sect. 3 Rishabhdev. 31dtl'Cl(d,~and~. fi:ro1 [jIni] pran who. "jIni Esa harInamu l1d fifo [jfn] A "fi n evil spirit, ghost, giant, ogre. cetIa."-asa chat m 4. "joru jfna da sardar."-var bIha m 1. See ~ [jmura], ~ [jIhuri] adj looking like a flj 1;j1dtl() '. demon; Satan-like, demon-like. "put jInura fi:roR" [jIl1dS] A ~ n genus, species, kind, class. dhia jInuri. "-var bIha m 1. "karI karI jInsi maIa jInI upai."-sodaru. ~ [jmeha] adjlike, similar to. "korarmoth 2 thing. 3 material. 4 foodgrains, harvest, jIneha."-var ram 2 m 5. provisions. "jIl1dS thapI jia kau bhej."-var sar fi::l'o [j mn] See ftfo. m 1. fRor3" [jmnat] plural ofjfn. See ftfo. "dev bhut fi:roJ::it [jInsi] See fi::roR". 2 Sarasvat Brahmans jInnatkahf levahI nIkatbulaI."-caTItr 135. from Kashmir, who converted to Sikhism. They ftn.nft [jIpai] victory. 2 was conquered. "manhathI taraph na jIpai."-var suhi m 2. are called so because they chose to take food grains jmas (in kind, instead ofcash), as their ~ [jIfi] A J>' n felling prostrate on the ground. wages during the Sikh rule. "ek jIphi kahI Ese dhara, Ik kukat hE." fuou [jIl1dh], ft:rofu [jIl1dhI], fi:ro<J [jmahu] -krIsan. pron whoever. "jInahI nIvaje tInhi saje." 'fmro [jIbah], fi::mrcr [jIbah] A tj n slaughter by -ram m 5. 2 whoever. "jInahu bat nIscal severing the throat, slaughter by beheading. dhrua jani. "-saveye m 4 ke. 2 an animal, which has been beheaded. ft:To fcm [jIn kInE] pron whosoever. "jIn kInE ~ [jIbayas] See ~. paIa sadhusagati."-sri m 3. fNt [jIbE] See ftrau. fi::ror [jIna] pran to whom. "jIna saSI gnas na fi::rB' [jI bh] See Rm-. VIsr harInama."-var gau 2 m 5. 2 whose. fl:D.r [jIm] See Ffb-ror. 2 See ft::rlH. namu."-gau m 4. '0 living creature! recite His Name through the Guru.' 'fAt:re" [jIdhar], fi:rqfu jIdharI] adv to which direction, to whichever side. "jIdharI rab rajaL"-s farid. ft:To [jm] pran plural of jIs; who. "jIn janIa sei tare."-ram ruti m 5. 2 part no, not "guru sanmukh jInmIthya bhakho."-GPS. Another form of it is jmI. See f't:!fo. 3 to which direction, to which side. ''<;lori prabhu pakri jIn khfc tIn jaiE."-o5kar. 'We go in whichever direction we are pulled.' 4 Skt adj who conquers, victorious. "ab mote ei jIn jai." -paras. 5 n Vishnu. 6 sun. 7 Lord Buddha. 8 Rishabhdev, who got this name as he won control over all evils and perversions. The Jain sect founded by this sage is now well known all over the world. 9 a Jain prophet. See

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132 1

J1T1oft

.ft::rHfo [jImatI] intelligence:, such wisGom.

"jImatI gahi jEdev."-s~)Veye m 3 ke. fAHo [jIman] A ~ adv amid" amidst, among, between. ~ [jImavan] v serve food; fel~d; cause one take meals. fAfu [jImI] adv as, in the manner of: as if. "jImI adhkar suray harE."-saloh. fro.it [jImi], fro.ft' [jImil Skt ;:p-rr. See R1ffto. "jImi nahi mE kISi ki boi."-suhi kabir. fm.ftcie' [jImikad] n an edibll~ tuberous root; yam. See ~. ftu.fterij- [jImidar], ~ [jIllltidari] See: m-lfero and ~. fm.fto [jImin] See ;::n-fto. ~ [jImindar] See m-if;~. fmJ [jImul See fHfif.
~[jImuar]npike-adaggerofthc~s.hape

ft:ra' [jne], fH;J [jnE] plural of jnah. ft::Ra [jIlat], ~ [jIlad] A ..Je n skin, hide.
2 leather binding on the book for its protection. "tyarbhayo tab jIlat badhai."-GPS. 3 volume of a book e.g. "Ih grath paj jIlda VICC hE." fAl'SedH:l [jIladgar] P n bookbinder. ~ [jIlva] See ~. "alam khu$aI jIlva." -ramav. fi:rl'Sr [jIla] A n district, province. "bahuro bas tohI nd Jr jIIE."-NP. 2 A JJr remove, abolish. 3 cleanse. 4 exile. fAl'S''itdol [jIlavatni] See o::rHl'S:!1:1Ir2''it3":<,();.;Tn. ft::I5' [jIb] P k bridle of a horse. 2 A r Ik pomp, show, splendour, glory. ~ [jIlhaD], ~ [jIHaD] n marsh, quagmire, swamp; mire on the bank of a river or on foot hills. ft:fl'So [jIllat), rnm [jIlli] A ~j n insult, dishonour, humiliation, degradation. ~ [jIV] advas, in the manner of, for example. "jIv jIv hukamu tIVE tIV kar."-japu. "jIv tu rakhahI tIV rahau. "-saveye m 3 ke. 2 living creature. "japat jIvE."-akal. 3 See~. ~ [jIvh21r] See ~. 2 destroyer of life, killer. ~ [jIvha] See ~. "ladIO kalar bnakh jIvha."-sar m 5. 2 See 'ftWur. ~ [jIvnar] kitchen, cooked food, meals. See~. "baQ hotbhai jIvnara."-GPS. ~ [jIvar] See~. 2 See~. "jIvran so tIh drIr gahIlyo."--carrtr 136. 'tightly held with ropes (jaws).' ffl'it'ija ' [jIvauDa] v put life in, make alive. 2 feed, serve food. ftNrfu [jIvaI] adv by making alive. 2 by feeding, by serving food. "log jIvaI bacan Im bhakha."-carrtr 245. fi:Iwur [jIvaha] See ~. "ko sal jIvahe sali?" -var ram 3. 2 See 'ftWur. ~ wffi" [jIVahe sali] See ~.

J.Jk

&'

of a molar (grinder tooth)

;'j n sense of covering; covering oneself. ~ [jImmahvar], ~3" [jImmevmr) P .Jl,;.j adj answerable, accountable. fi:rl;r [jIy] n living creature. 2 mind, he:art, innerself. ft:ronf [jIyab] n life, lifespan. "'rahyo jryab jag thora."-saloh. ~ [jIyra], ft::n:;r6' [jIyro] n living being. 2 mind. ~ [jIyaro], ~ [jIyaryo] brought to life; kept alive. "sun rani! tE mohI jIyaro."--carrtr 128. 'fffiro [jnah], fi::rafu [jnahI] AI n friivollous argument; complex question. 2 P vj armour, suit of armour, coat of mail. ft:ra'a!r [jnga] T ,..(.7. n group, c:rowd, gathering of people. 2 class ofelected people, which has assembled for givingjudgement. ft:rer [jna] See ft::Rru.

rnmr [jImmah] A

fi:u;r [jImh] See fi:p-r.

v.7.

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~ [jIvayo], ~ [jIvaryo] made alive,

~ [jiudan] See ~.

put life in. 2 gave birth to, produced. "put an ko an jIvayo."-cdrrtr 150. 3 gave food, fed. "bhoj;:ln dham IIjay jIvaryo. "-krrsdn. rH~'(ii)<!1 [jIvall).a] See rtl'i!''?C:'. ~ [jIvalia] adjwho gives life, giving life. 2 meal server; feeder. ~ [jIvale] puts life in. 2 gives life, makes alive. 3 serves food, feeds. "mo k;:lU don;:lu V;:lkh;:lt jIvale."-sor kabir. ~UT [jIveha] adv as that, similar to that, identical to that. ~ [jIvE]adv like that; like. "catrIk bud jIVE."-aSa ch{)t m 4. ~ [jIvha] See ~. tit [ji] n living creature. "b;:lIalis l;:lkh ji j;:ll m;:lhI hate. "-asa namdev. 2 mind, heart. "gurm;:lti p;:lrgasu hoa ji."-majh d m 3.3 courage, spirit.4 part honorific word. "mE ji nama h6 ji."-dhdna namdev. S yes sir; this word is uttered in response to a call from someone. 6 n short for jiv;:ln. "bClr;:lsu megh ji, tIlu bIl;:lmu nCl lau."-mdla m 5. tiT [jiJ l;[J short formo [zin] (saddle). 2 P short for az-i(from this). tftij- [jiu] part a honorific word. "jICClru vaSIa karu gharI, jiu jiu sabhI bhat."-sri ill 5. Here ghClr stands for the body and kat means the soul. 2 n soul, spirit. "jiu eku am sagal sarira." -gau d kdbir. 3 soul. "jiu pfq s;:lbh teri rasI." -sukhmdni. 4 life, lifespan. "jiu sampClU apl).a."-o{)kar. "lipat jiu gClIo."-brla kdbir. S mind, heart. "jiu q;:lrat hE apl).a."-dhdna m ,. "harnra khusi k;:lrE nIt jiu."-dhdna dhJna. "juth lahE jiu majiE."-guj m 1. 6 living creature, animal. 7 birth. "karamahI kIn jiu din re?" -g5c;l kdbir. 'Who has given birth to karam?' 8 tune, tone. "jas jati m;:lhI jiu s;:lmana."-gau kdbir. 9 welcome, reception. "je ko jiu kahE ana kau, jam ki t;:llab TIa hoi."-prabha m 1.

tftij- ~ [jiu dh;:lraUJ.;la] v console, encourage, boost the morale. "guru S;:lj;:ll). jiu dh;:lraIa." -var ram 2 m 5. tOO" fl4 [jiu pfqu] soul and body, life and body. "jiu pfqu s;:lbhu tIS ka."-var sri m 3. ~ [jiovala] a village under police station and tehsil Tarn Taran, district Amritsar, situated at a distance ofsix miles to the west of railway station Jandoki. There exists agurdwara ofGuru Hargobind one mile away to the south of this village. The Guru came here from Jhabbal. The wild trees to which the Guru's horse was tied are still standing. They are named as ;:lgari pIchari sahIb. The gurdwara and residential complex have been constructed. No property or land is attached to the gurdwara. A religious fair is held on the birth day ofGuru Hargobind every year. tft>,r [ji;:l] n a being, life. "mE t;:lU malI m;:lhgi l;:li ji;:l sCltE."-dhdna rdvrdas. 2 mind, heart. "jiCl sagI prClbhu Clpna dh;:lrta. "-asa m 5. 3 water. "babiha benti k;:lre karI knpa dehu jiCldan." -var mdla m 3. Here jIa has two meanings: water as well as mind. 4 life. 5 living creature, being. "jete jia jivahI IE saha."-var majh ill 1. 6 soul. 7 See ft::Jr. ~ [jiau] may live, may live long. "jiahuhamar jiu denhara."-asa ill 5. ;:fl>,ry [ji;:lhu] See~. 2 from the heart. "ji;:lhu nnmalbah;:lr;:lhunnm;:ll."-dn{)du. ~ [ji;:lbh] Skt livelihood, sustenance. "ucarl).a sarab jiakah."-sdhdS m 5. "All these utterances are for one's sustenance.' 2 of the creature. 3 to the creature. tft>,r tfP,ro [jia jian] life of all living beings - the Creator. 2 air, wind. tft>m:f'a' [ji;:ljat], ~ [jidjatu], ~ [jiajatr] living beings; creatures, small or big. "jiajat sagle pratIpal."-rarn m 5. "ji;:ljatr kare pratIpal."

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-mali m 5. ~ [jiaJ)], ~ [jiaJ)u] See:;:!Wo. .2 See~. ~ [jiadan] n gift oflife, bestowal of true life. "jiadan de bhagti laIn."--suhi m 5. .2 sparing one's life. 3 offering of water; See
~3.

[jia pfQu] See tW' f1.fi". "jia pfQu ke pran adhare."-asa m 5. ;:ftl,rer [jiara], ~ [jiara] n individual soul. 2 mind, heart. "han bIn ji.ara rahI na sakE." -guj m 4. "jiara aganI baraban tapE."-gau m 1. 3 being; creature. "papi jiara lobh karat hE."-maru kabir. tWw [jia] to the creatures; beings. "jia kuhat na SagE praJ)i."-gau m 5. 2 of the creatures. "jia adan jiu."-var ram 2 m 5. ~ [jiaIh] gives life, provides life, keeps living. 2 to living beings. "'kahu InhavE jiaIh hIrte."-ram am 5. 'Life goes waste in robbing people.' tflnIl~(mlal [jiavanhara] giver oflife. '''ab mohI mIlIo hE jiavanhara."-gc1u kabir. tMl" [jiE] may live. .2 (let us) live. See Rlf;::ftr. tftfu [jiI] See ~ and ~. 2 in the mind, within the self. "hamre jiIhoru mukhI hom hot hE." -devm4. tflfefefsl')f3T [jiI-IchIara] adj inwardly desired, mentally required. "jiI-IchIara phalu paIa." -sri m 1 jogi adarI. tflR [jis] See ft:m. 2 will go. "ghUITlI ghumI jis."-kan m 4 partal. 3 from the hearfs core. t.ibr [zist] P ,;;-.!) n life span, life. [zistan] P if~) v live, pass one's life. ;fur [jih], ;::ftur [jiha] n tongue, taste. "'ek jih gUJ) kavan bakhanE."-maru solhe m 5. "ari jih! pagIya kahIt, bal bm rasbar. tor kuraxti tanIk tE ho kambaxti mor."-basJt satsai. ;:ftuT [jiM] who. See ofulT. ;:ftfu [jihI] See tfur. titJr<!r [jigJ)a], tft'orot" [jigna] Skt "G'[5;ruT n glow;:ft>,r

f1.fi"

worm, glow fly. "tam me jIm jigaJ) jhamkate, dhukh palite puj."-GPS. See BOIQ. "nIS me camak jigna jEse."--GPS. tfu:rr [jija] n sister's husband, brother-in-law. "sun jija, bat sujane."-NP. ~ [jijiE] iemain living. "han kat brnu kIU jijiE?"-bIlIa cMt m 5. tftH [jijE] lives. "pekhI darsanu nanak jijE." -suhi chat m 5. 2 let us live. ;:fur [jit] n victory, conquest. "jit har ki sojhi kari."-gau a m 5. See;::ftfu" 3. tft3f]:fur [jitsfgh] name of Sahibzada Ajit Singh as mentioned by the poet Sainapati in Guru Shobha. '''jitsfgh raJ) me m;3QYo hot patr bharpur.". See ffft3fFfur. ~ [jitaJ)u], Fft37i [jitan], tfl37ir [jitna] v conquer,
Win.

tfura" [jitab] v win. .2 live, remain alive. "kahf jitab kahf maran hE?"-akal. See ~ RH' JF fT3W. ~ [jitmall] See are 'lfuft. tfl3r [jita] hving, alive. .2 won. "nanak gIani jag
jita, jagjita sabhukor."-var bIlla m 3. 'The enlightened one has conquered the world, and the world has conquered all.' ;::flftr [jitI] adv by winning. "jitI avahu vasahu ghan apne."-maru sollie m 5. 2 from the heart, wholeheartedly. "bhrambhitI jitI mItavahu."-asa m 5 partal. 3 Skt n victory_ 4 loss, harm, damage. ;:ftf3br" [jitIa] conquered. 2 t=flf'3>W adv while alive. 3 on winning. ~ [jitIa] on winning. See;::flfu;w 2-3. ;:fur lfT3T [jito mata] daughter of Harijas Subhikhia, a Khatri ofLahore. She was married to Guru Gobind Singh on23 Harh, Sammat 1734 in Guru ka Lahore near Anandpur. She gave birth to Baba Jujhar Singh, Baba Zoravar Singh and Baba Fateh Singh. She breathed her last on 13 Assu, Sammat 1757 in Anandpur. Her shrine still exists in Agampur

BbJo

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(near Anandpur). Her real name was Ajito and she was known as Aj it Kaur after being baptised. ~ [jid] a town 25 miles to the north-west of Rohtak. Its earlier name was Jayantipur because the temple of Jayanti Devi existed here. The renowned king Gajpat Singh of Phul dynasty conquered Jind and Saffidon districts of Delhi empire in 1755 AD just at the age of 17 years and established Jind as his capital in 1766AD. In 1775 AD he constructed here a very beautiful fort named Fatehgarh. Although raja Sangat Singh established Sangrur as his capital in 1827, but the state is still named as Jind in official records and the coronation ceremony is always held in Jind. Guru Nanak Dev visited Jind town and Guru Teg Bahadur also paid a short visit to this place. Raja Gajpat Singh got constructed an elegant gurdwara and offered Tegbahadur vil1a~~ (famously known as Chhanna) as a fief jagir to this holy shrine. The gurdwara is managed by a committee constituted by the state. Recitation ofGurbani is performed and free community food is served daily. Jind is a station of north western railways, which is 105 miles from Bhatinda and 79 miles from Delhi. Jind State It is a Sikh state among the Phulkian states; it comes at number three in Punjab,l with an area of 1268 square miles. per 1921 census, it has a population of 308, 183 and an annual revenue of about twenty-seven lacs rupees. Jind state has four towns (Jind, Sangrur, Dadri, Saffidon) and 442 villages. Irrigation is done by West Yamuna Canal and Sirhind Canal, both passing through its territory. 2 The army ofthe state comprises 700 soldiers
I

See ('i19T.
See~.

27.6%.

ofimperial service platoon, ISO local platoon; the body guard squad of the ruler consists of 112 soldiers, 27 soldiers are of mule battery; police has 311 cops and 508 watchmen of villages. The state has one high school, 25 middle schools, 39 primary schools for boys and 4 schools for girls. There is a 30 bed hospital in Sangrur, a 15 bed in Jind. There are 10 dispensaries in the state. The dynasty of Jind rulers descends from the younger son Sukhchain Singh ofChaudhary Tilok Singh, the eldest son ofBaba Phul. Gajpat Singh was born to MaiAgan wife ofSukhchain Singh in 1738 AD. He took over the reign at the age of 13 years after the death of his father in 1751 AD. He conquered several territories soon after he grew into a youth. In 1763 AD, along with his brothers he fought a fierce battle against Jainkhan, subedar of Sirhind. Gajpat Singh captured many villages and lot ofwealth in this expedition. The talented Gajpat Singh was crowned as king in 1772 AD. He set up excellent norms for the administration of the state. With great pomp and show, the marriage of his daughter Raj Kaur was solemnized with Sardar Mahan Singh Sukarchakkiya in 1774 AD. Bibi Raj Kaur is remembered with reverence in the country, as the proud mother ofPunjab Kesari Maharaj Ranjit Singh. Raja Gajpat Singh expired in 1789 AD at the age of 51 and his son raja Bhag Singh ascended the throne at the age of 21. He developed friendship with General Lake in 1803 AD and helped him in many battles. He went to his nephew (sister's son) Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1805 AD as an advocate ofthe British government to plead that Jaswant Rao Hulkar should not be given any aid by the Sikh rule.

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,...---------------------------------------,

'----------_._-------------------------'
MAHARAJA RANBIR SINGH SAHIB BAHADUR, RULER OF JIND

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RAJA RAGHUBIR SINGH SAHIB

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He succeeded in this mission and the British awarded him the estates of Bawana and Gohana. After the death ofraj a Bhag Singh in 1819, his son raja Fateh Singh took over the royal seat of Jind; but he could not rule for long as he died on February 3, 1822. His son raja Sangat Singh ascended the throne on 30th July 1822, at the age ofjust 11 .years. He had great affection for Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Raja Sangat Singh was a very handsome person and great rider; but he did not pay much attentiion to the state administration. He died at the age of23 years on 3rd November, 1834. Raja Sangat Singh had no son, hence Sardar Sarup Singh ofBajidpur, who was the rightful claimant, occupied this royal seat of Jind in 1837 AD. Raja Sarup Singh was an efficient administrator. He was a tall, brav1e warrior, courageous, far-sighted and great stateman. I He helped the British governmemt wholeheartedly and financially during the mutiny of 1857 and he hirnselfled his army to Delhi. Raja Sarup Singh was awarded the district ofDadri alongwith thirteen villages near Sangmr and was conferred the title ofGC.S.I. jin 1863. 2 This majestic ruler expired on January 26,
l"In person and presence he was eminently princely, and the stalwart Sikh race could hardly show a taller or stronger man. Clad in armour as he loved to be, at the head of his troops, there was perhaps no other prince in India who bore himself so gallantly and looked so true a soldier. In character he was honest and just, and though his pride and restlessness led him to quarrel with his neighbours, yet the British Government has never had an ally more true and loyal in heaJi than Sarup Singh, who served it from affection and not from fear," The Rajas of the Punjab by L. H. Griffin p 374. 2Knight Grand Commander of the Star oflindia.

1864 and his able son raja Raghubir Singh became the ruler on March 31, 1864 at the age of thirty. He ruled efficiently and won appreciation from all quarters. The Sirhind Canal was dug during his regime and the village Sangrur grew into a beautiful city. Raja Raghubir Singh was also decorated with GC.S.I. in 1876. This judicious ruler helped the British government with army and finances during the .second Afghan war and was conferred the titles ofRajaye Rajgaan (the King of Kings) etc. Tikka BalbiI' Singh, son of raja Raghubir Singh, died in 1883 AD when his father was still alive. Thus prince Ranbir Singh, the grandson of raja Raghubir Singh, became the ruler at the age of just eight years after the demise of his grand father in 1887 AD. The present ruler, Maharaja Ranbir Singh, was born on October 11, 1879. He ascended the royal seat of Jind in 1887 AD after the death of his grand father. He took charge of the administration in 1899 AD on attaining maturity. He was decorated with the titles of K.C.S.J.3 on January 1, 1909 and GC.I.E. 4 on January 1, 1916. He was conferred the title of hereditary maharaja in 1911 by the British Government in Delhi. Maharaja Ranbir Singh earned goodwill of the British government by rendering it financial aid oflacs ofrupees alongwith his entire army during Teera battle in 1897-98 as well as during the World War of 1914. Many buildings, libraries, schools, hospitals etc were built during the regime of Maharaja Ranbir Singh. The Ludhiana-Dhuri-Jakhal railway tine was also laid during this period. The state exchequer spent rupees 38,13,661
3Knight Commander of the Star ofIndia. 4Knight Grand Commander of the Indian Empire.

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on this project while the annual income was of only three and halflac rupees. Apart from this, rupees 17,00,000 were spent on Jind-Panipat railway line which earns a revenue of just rupees one lac annually. The full title ofMaharaja Ranbir Singh is : Colonel His Highness, farzade dIlbad, rasuxul Itkad, daulate fgII~ia, rajaerajgan, maharaja (Sir) Ranbir Singh. GC.LE., K.C.S.L, King of lind. lind state is entitled to a 13 gun salute, while the maharaja himself is entitled to a 15 gun salute. Previously the state had diplomatic relations with the Governor ofPunjab. Since November 1, 1921, it has been diplomatically associated with agent to the Governor General Punjab States. See ~ and ~. 2 mud of a well is also called jid in Punjabi language. tft't!c!r [jidl).a] v dig mud out of the well. tft't!" ~ [jid nasat] See tft't!". ~ [jidoval] See ~. itt ~ [ji dharaul).a] See tOO" ~. tfto [jin] or tftQ [jinu] P Ii) n saddle. "tIn ke ture jin khurgir sabh pavIt hahI. "--var sor m 4. "deh pavau jinu bujhI caga ram."-vac:;f m 4 ghoria. 2 Skt leather bag. i:ftm:f [zinat] A ..::.-4.) n glory, beauty, decoration. iflor [jina] v live, be alive. 2 P ~; n ladder; stairs. tftQ [jinu] See tfto. 'i'it!' [jibh], ~ [jibha] See ~ and ft:lw. "jibh rasaIl).I saCE ratio "-maru solhe m 1. jibh yog aru bhog jibh sabh rog baq.havE, jibh karE udyog jibh IE kEd karavE, jibh svarag IE jaI jibh sabh narak dIkhavE, jibh mIlavE ram jibh sabh deh dharavE, jibh 6th ekatr kar bat sIhare bIIye, "bEtal" kahE vIkrarn sunol jibh sabhare bolIye. tilt [jibhE], ;:fl3' [jibh:>] with the tongue, from

the tongue. "jibhE bajhahu boll).a."-var majh m 2. "Ik du jibh;) lakh hohI."-japu. ;:fb.m [jimag] which has its path in water, snake. "tab jimag patal sIdhaya."-NP. ~ [jiml).a], tftHor [jimna] Skt ~ vr take meals, eat. 2 Skt ibfo n eating of food. tfb;f3' [jimut] Skt n which keeps water bound tlnji] ts[mut]; cloud, rain. "jimutsamaghahravat hE."-saloh. 2 mountain. 3 sun. 4 Indar. 5 a wrestler, who was defeated by Bhimsen in the arena of king Virat. ~ [jimutvahan] Skt n Indar, who controls the movement ofthe clouds; god. Indar who rides the clouds. 2 son of king Shaalivahan. ~ [jimutvahi] Skt Zilllj\ctCllffi",\ n smoke. tftt;r [jiy] See ft:rur and tftnf. tftij' [jir] Skt adj clever. 2 n cumin seed. 3 sword. 4 P ,; small string of a musical instrument, that produces a high pitch; in Punjabi, it is called tftl? [jill. ~ [jirak] Skt n cumin seed. P ~,) L Cumminum Cyminum-a fragrant plant having seeds smaller than aniseed (pimpinella anisum). It is about 2 or 3 feet tall. Its seeds are used in spices (condiments) and in many medicines. It is of two kinds, white and black; the latent effect of white cumin seed is cool while that of the black one is warm. 1 Both of them are useful in curing stomach and mouth ailments. They kill worms in the intestines and keep kidneys healthy. They discharge phlegm and keep the body free from humidity. See t=ftor. ~ [jiral).] Skt;:flt' adj old. 2 very old; senile. 3 digested, absorbed. 4 n cumin seed. 5 In Punjabi, jiral). has been used for ajiral).. See tfRro. 6 Dg sorghum (Indian millet) a cereal. tfjdC!iijd [jirl).abar] Skt jirl).-abar n worn out garments. 2 adj wearing ragged or tattered
'Greeks consider both of these cumin seeds warm-dry.

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clothes. ;:fffio [jiran] See ;::floc:. 2 dyspeptic, Hatulent, non-digestive. Sec;::floc: 5. "brat man Ih hE vaQ jiran ... r I dE garibi curan khai." -NP. ;:ffir [jir] See ;:furor. "dh;my guru pun dhany ho udhav!., kyo TId haro sabh ki sabh pira? janat dhatu banaI sabhE ras nar l bIcar jIti tadbira, sac hti vEd apurab ho tum "das ju" phorat k~th matira, logan rag bhae tab hi sun jog dayo jab titan jira."2 ~ [jiral).] Gj n graveyard. "jaI sute jiral). mahI thie atima gaQ."-s farid. 2 A ~)f;':' plural ofl'fTQ [jar] (neighbour), neighbours. ~ [jiral).I] in the graveyard. Se,e ~ I. "sajan mere ragule jaI sule jiral).I." ---sri m 1. ~ [jiradI] n tolerance, forbearance. '"darvesa no 10riE rukha di jiradI. "-s farid. tfuJio ljiran] See ~ 2. tfuft [jiri] n a variety of paddy, of which rice is white in colour and can remain so for a longer period. In Punjab paddy is grown in abundance. 2 In Pothohar, the s(:ed of medicinal plant called kalSji (kalijiri) i.e. nigelie stiva is also so called. tftl? [jill See t:fRr 4.2 cord or string (of a musical intrument). "jil bIna kEse bajE rabab?" -bhEr m 5. ~ [jiv] Skz n human soul. "isvar jiv ek Im jaTIdhu."--GPS. See 'l?fl3W: 2 livir~being. "jiv
lpulse, nerve. "uHha nil jira dCI,la' to feed cUly!in seed (jira) to camels. This phrase is used in the same manm:r as one would use "badra nil banat di tOPI atc bhcqa nu b<Jndph$a da $drbdt" meaning to give someone what he does not deserve. The S<JVEya under reference suggests that lJdho (Krishan) preached yoga to his naughty beloveds.

jIte jal mE thaI mE."-akaI. 3 Jupiter, lord of deities. 4 moon. 5 Vishnu. 6 water. "jiv gdYO ghdt meghan ko."-knsan. 7 ~ vr live; earn livelihood; live happily. ~ [jivau] may live, may live long. 2 (I am) alive. "jivau nam suni."-bIla m 5. ~ [jivsa] will live, shall live. tf!'iluS:II i [jivhatya], t:il~fJHl [jivhfsa] n ki Iling of a living creature. 2 soul's estrangement from the body. .3 crime of murder. ~ [jiVdk] Skt n living creature. 2 attendant, servant. 3 snake charmer. ~ [jivbra] art of living, vital force. "jIh an kalknpan bdhi SIr. tIn ke rdhi na jivkara phIr."--carrtr 405. ~ [jiVd~\J Skt ~ n state of living, livingcondition. "jival). s5gdmu tIsu dhal).i."-var jEt. 2 a blacksmith of Lahore, who was an ardent devotee of Guru Arjan Dev. He made a khurpa (weeding implement) for Bhai Bidhi Chand. 3 See ~. 4 SkI 'f''''M, kick with the hind leg. "jival). mari latt di."-BG. The priest of Mecca kicked (with his leg) Guru Nanak pointing towards Kaaba (Muslim's sacred place). ~ [jivaDpadvi] See ~ . "gur kE bhal).E jo calE ta jivClDpadvi pahI."-var
guj1 m3.
~ [jivaDu] See ~. "jival).u marl).a sdbh

tudhE tai."-majh am 3.

i'iW3' [jivat] Skz

living, alive. "jivat pItar na manE kou mue saradh kdrahi."-gau kabir. "jivat kau mua kahE." -gcIU a m 1. 2 alive. "50 jivat, jIh jiVdt japIa."-bavCJn. 'He is alive, who meditates upon the conscious Creator rather than focus on the' inert Being'. 3 livelihood. "kahu bIhavE sodhdt jivat."-ram am 5. ~ [jivatmdrdl).], ~ [jivdtmdrna] die when alive, die while living. This means to

~ adj

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renounce the ego; to consider oneself very humble. "apu ChO~I jivatman:."-sri m 3. "sCltIgur bhaI cClIClhu, jivCltIa IV mClri."-suhi cMit m 4. "apu tIagI hoi sClbh rel).a, jivCltIa IU mClri."-suhi m 5.2 emancipation. tfk3'fi..ra'5cr [jiVClt mntClk] Skt~ adjliving as dead, inert, lazy. 2 one who has no affection for his country and nation. 3 renunciator of the ego; non-egoist, one having no self importance, devoid of self assertion. See
~HQ?iT.

til~(')fi:furl [jivClns:rgh] He was a great fighter.

~ [jiVCltmukClt] See~. "jivCltmukClt

gurmClti lage." -mdla ill 3. ~ [kivCltmrItClk] See ~ . ~ [jiVCltU] See ~. "gur k SClbCldI jiVCltU mClr."-sri m 3.2 n lifespan, sense ofliving. ~ [jiVCld] Skt n giver of life, physician. 2 God. 3 nectar. 4 air, wind. 5 food. ~ [jivdCltt] n nectar.-SClnama. ~ [jiVCldra], ~ [jivCldro] adjliving, alive. "jivCldro mUIolu."-s fdrid. ~ [jivdan] See ~. ~ [jivdapurClkh] n human being; living being, transcendent One. "nanClk jivdapurClkhu dhIaIa ClmrapCld hoi."-var sar m 4. 3 one who is conscious of his own self-respect and of the rights ofthe country and the nation. ~ [jivCln] See RWc:. 2 life. "jivClnsukhu SClbhu sadh s~gI."-bIla m 5.3 water. "de jivCln jivCln sukhkari."-GPS. 4 livelihood. 5 air. 6 ghee, clarified butter. 7 God, the Creator. 8 son. 9 See f[W. 10 younger son of Bhai Bhagtu, who was always at the service of Guru Har Rai. He died in Kiratpur. His son was Sant Das, whose immediate descendants, now live in Bhucho, Bhai ke Chak etc. Sant Das's sons, Ram Singh, Fateh Singh, Bakhtu Singh and Takhtu Singh were duly baptised by Guru Gobind Singh in Damdama Sahib. See~.

He laid down his life fighting against the Mughals, when Guru Gobind Singh was on his way to Chamkaur after leaving Anandpur. Baba Ajit Singh was also with him. His memorial is in Chamkaur. tfl~(,)dlrd [jivClngCltI] n art ofliving, way ofliving. 2 condition of living beings. 3 adj one who emancipates the sentients. "jivClngCltI suami ~tClrjami."-asa chat m 5. ti1~(')'tIrad [jivClnCClrIt], Hl~(')tlrd:'1 [jivClnCClrItr] n life history; book depicting one's life history; biography especially of a holy person that is, jClnClmsakhi; biography. ~ [jivClnjia] adj life of living beings, life of the animates; giver of life to the animates. "so kIU VIsr jI jivCln jia."-sukhmdni. tfl~(,)dMa [jivClntClIClb] n desire to live. 2 desire or wish of the animates; demand of living beings. "jivClntClIClb nIVarI, suami!"-ram m 1. tfl~(')e~i [jivClndeva] n giver oflife. "jivCln deva parbrClhClm seva."-dhClna m 5. 2 giver of water. ~ [jivClnpCld] n plight of life; life. "lalClc kClr jivClnpCld karCln, locan kClChu na sujh." -dhdna kabir. 2 adjwho gives life. "jivClnpCld nanClk prClbhu mera."-maru m 5. 3 See
~. ~

[jivanpCldvi] a stage which, once

'Prior to his baptism as a Sikh he was a cuhra (sweeper) belonging to the scavenging caste. Gyani Gyan Singh writes in Twarikh Khalsa that his earlier name was laita and he brought the head of the great martyr Guru Teg Bahadur from Dclhi to Kiratpur. Amritsar resident Bhai Harsa Singh Dhupia writes that laita (Jagat Seth) was a sweetmeat maker (confectioner) ofPatna, who became liwan Singh after being baptised as a Sikh. He brought thc head of the martyred Guru, but this fact is not confirmed in any other historical treatise.

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achieved, does not require one to die again; stage of salvation. "ab mohI jivanpadvi pai." -maru m 5. 2 right to live with self:re:spect. ;::ikoy~ [jivanpurakhul n giver of life-God; the omnipresent life giver. "jivanpufakhu mIlIa harI raIa."-gau m 5. ;:ft~o1fcG' [jivanmukatl Skt ,4~ adj who gets liberated from transmigration after attaining spiritual enlightenment during his life time. "jivan mukat jIs rIdE bhagvat." -sukhmani. "man moh dono kau parhan gobfd ke gun gavE. kahu nanak Ih bJ:dlu ko prani jivanmukat ':ahavE."-brla ill 9. "jivanmukat su akhiE jIsu vicahu haumE jaI." -maru am 1. ~ [jivanmukatI] n one who is free from bondage in life. ~ [jivanmun] n life providing plant; life saving plant. 2 self-realisation. ~tr [jivamupl living as spiritually enlightened. "jivanrup SImral).U prabhu tera." -suhi m 5. tWa;r [jivnal v live, remain alive. "jdhe! jivna vican dekhI keteke dIna."-dhana m 1. "jivna saphal jivan sunI han japI japI sad jivna." -maru am5. ~ [jivanI] n livelihood, sustenance. "han han sjtjana ki jivanI. "---sar m 5. 2 life; lifespan. "mE gunbadh sagal ki jivanI, meri jivanI mere das."-sar namclev. ~ [jivnil n life history, biography., life history of a personage. See ~i~_ ~ [jivaniyl Skt adjworthy to live, liveable. 2 n water. 3 milk. ~ [jivarl a subcaste of Khatris. 2 See ~ B't2. ~ [jivral aclj living, alive. 2 See ~cr B't. 3 belonging to Manak Chand's dynasty. ~ [jivrel See ~ 2. ~ [jival Skt n livelihood, sustenance. "cakar

hVE jiva su calav,"-GPS. 2 string of a bow; bowstring. 3 earth. 4 Bhai Jiva, cook of Guru Angad Dev. "rahu raji ban gurmukh jiva." -GPS. 5 (1) live. "jiva terE naI."-dhalla c11at m 1. ~ [jivaIal made alive. 2 nourished. "dukh sukh kdrIkE kutabu jivaIa." -suM kabir. ~ [jivail made alive. 2 living, (1) am alive. ~ [jivasa] n life hope; hope to live. 'fitm [jivasr] will live. "dhngu jive dhngu jivasI."-sodaru. 'cursed be life that is gone and is to come.' ~ [jivaltmal Skt "1~lql,"""I,\n individual soul; soul that keeps the body conscious. See ~. ~ [jivanadl lives. "uh sada sada jivanad." -sar m 5. 2 pleasure of life, joy of life. tfI~IMC!tl'i3i [jilvalal).haral, Hl~'M<Jld [jivalanharl, Hl'ii!'M<J'S! [jivaldnharul adjprovider oflife, life's sustainer. "mntak kau jivalanhar. "-sukhmalli. 2 who awakens. "guru akasu man jivalal).hara." -gau m 3. 'one who brings an inebriated elephant to its senses with a pricking prod.' ~ [jivalIanul he has made us alive; has put lif;~ into us. "rog mItaI jivalIanu." -brla m 5. ~ [jivalel gives life. "jia man jivale soi." -var majh m 1. H9~I~ij [jivavaul (1) live. "darsan pekhI jivavau."-brla m 5.2 '(1) live.' ;::ftfu [jiVI] by living, by being in the living state. "jivI jivI mue."-var sar m 1. ~ [jivIkal Skt n livelihood, sustenance. ~ [jivil aclj living being. 2 bread winner. 'ifl<im [jivijE] let us live; has to live. ~ [jives;] lord of living beings; God, the transcend~mt One. ~ [jivE] lives. 2 may live. "jiVE data deval).haru."-gau m 3. ~ [jivadalliving; alive. 2 a devotee ofGuru

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;;rar

Amar Das.
~ [jivi'idIa] by living; while being alive.

tfFI3i'i [justan] P ~ v search, find, explore.

[jussa] n zeal, enthusiasm. 2 A ...p. body, "jivi'idIa han cetIa, mari'idIa hanri'ig."-var physique. guj2 m 5. ~ [just] Skt ~ adj eaten or drunk in part; left ;::iW'qr [jivi'idha] a Jat! subcaste. See ~. over. 2 used, served. 3 delightful. "just pust tr [ju] part whatsoever, whatever. "tum ju kahat nst atI."-GPS. 4 bound. "bhat just."-sdloh. hauni'id kauni'idan."-gdukdbir. 2 if, provided. trcre [juhad], ~ [juhadri] A -"f. n power. 3 pron whoever, whosoever. "guru ju na cetahI 2 attempt, effort. "juhad karat khojat sabh apno."-s kdbir. thai."---,GPS. 3 intense effort, toil. 4 A ~; tJi1fT [jua] young, youthful. "balIka bnddhl).i renunciation of the worldly pleasures. au jua hE."-krrsdn. 2 Skt ~ n wooden ladle 5 worship. (spoon) for performing oblation. "jua jagg ~ [zuhdi] A u.Ai; adj renouncer of the dhari."-ddtt. worldly pleasures. 2 devotee. 3 who toils hard. ~ [juan] adj combined with, coupled, ~ [juhraI] after greet.ing. "pad bhup ke related. "nanak sarab juaIa."-guj d m 1. juhraI."-pards. tp)I'I'C!' [jua 1).] See tJ11fTO. ~ [juhak] P Jb"-I a terribly cruel emperor, 'tJ'lWit [jual).i] adj youthful. "tarla jual).i apI who ascended the throne after killing Jamshid, the ruler of Persia. "sun juhak payo Ih bIdhI bhal).i."-vdQ cMt m 1. 2 the youth did. 'tf))fTO [juan] Skt 'l,cr-;::r, adj youthful, young, jab."-CdrItr 402. adolescent. 'tfiJ'Q [juhar], ~ [juharu] n Mg salutation, ~ [juani] n youthfulness, youth, greeting. 2 exchange of greeting; mutual, salutation. "svaragsfgh sudar bhae taki rahE adolescence. "bal juani aru brradh phunI tinI avastha."-s m 9.2 See ~ 2. juhar."-CdrItr 181. 'He had very courteous interaction witfi handsome Swarg Singh.' See ~ [juamardi] See ~. ij1')I'T'a' [juar] See ~. 2 See ~. 'ffiJra'. tJtit [juhi] a kind ofjasmine (flower). SktwaT L ~ [juarbhata] See ~. Jasminum auriculatum. Erroneously it is written ~ [juari] n small sorghum (Indian millet), as kuhi instead of juhi in a poem by Bhai grown in abundance in the South. Bread made Santokh Singh. "baj juhi line gan ayo." from it is sweet in taste and is also viscous. 2 gambler. -GPS. See~. ~ [juhir], ~ [juhiri] See ;:rtita' and tI'tikft. tr~ [jual], iJnrw [juala] See ~l('; and ~TW. "gIn taru jal juala bhE rakhIo."-bh'er namdev. 'tJ'Ql1f [zukam] A ((; n common cold, coryza. See '(')B'l'5T. 'ijl')I'(i)iQail [jualadhafl).i], ~ [jualabailll).i] ~ [jukIti] Skt ~ n argument, reasoning. n gun, which emits flame offire.-sdnama. 2 way out, effort, scheme. ~ [jualamukhi] See ~1M'e<il. W>f [jui'i] Skt ~ adj young. 2 n a category of ~ [jukItiE] by planning. "tutasI moh deities (angels) like the demi-gods of Kuber. jukItie."-asa chat m 5. "jfh ji'ipahI kfoar jacch jui'i."-dkal. trOT [jug] n pair, couple, collection oftwo things. 2 world. "jug mahI ram nam nIstara."-suhi tJ'Fl3ij' [jusatju] P n search, hunt, exploration. 'Issaac. See tfFI37i' and ~.

tfw

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chat m 3. "h;}rI dhIaV;}hI tudhu ji, se j;}n jug m;}hI sukh vasi."-sopurakllU. 3 an e:ra such as S;}tyug (Era ofTruth). See 1!JOT. 4 repn~senting the figure of four, as there are fi::mr aeons. 5 adj studded, combined. "tu ape hil jug jogia." -var kan m 4. one who plans for combining. See li~. traro ij"aT [jug<3h jug] in every era; et(~rnally, for ever. traro tJaTaftr [jug<3h jugat<3n] eternally, at all times. "jug;}h jugat<3rI bh<3g;}t tumare."-vaQ chat m 1. traro ~ [jug;}h l<3g] in all the: ages, ete:rnally. 'tfiIItJOI' [jugjug] See tfdIU' traT. tfOIij1l ljugjuth] multitude of mundane people. "S<3tIgUrI khema taDIa jllJgjuth samaDe." -savEye m 4 ke. 'All were subsumed by the eternal One.' 'tJ'CIIitaft [jugjogi] See t,Ji1 i (')Haft. "tu ape hi jugjogia." -var kan m 4. trcmi [jug<3De] coincidentally, luckily. "'S<3bh j;}g jiv<3n jugDe. "-nat m 4. 'tJ'dro- [jug<3t] Skt t.!fcg adj coupled, attached. "s<3rb;}da s<3r<3b jugte."-japu. 2 See 'iJarf::r. iJ~ [jug;}tsIV] adj engrossed in Shiv, absorbed in the Creator. Sel~ ~TdT" t1dldHdft [jug<3tjogi] See ~ 4. 'tI"d'I3" [jugta] adj coupled, attached. "'jugta jiu jug<3hJug jogi." -asa m 1. "bh;}g;}uti r;}hI t jugta."-sri a m 5. 'The dl,evotee is always engrossed in worship.' 2 bound, tied. "k<3UDU su mukta k;}UDU su jugta."--majh am 5. 3 n style of living, conception, planning. "br;}h;}mgIahi ki nItm;}l jllJgta."--sukhmani. 4 with planning, properly. "n<3h HuHE Ih jugta."-sor a m 5. tflJT3'tJCIRf [jugtajugat] proper and irnpropt:f, correct and incorrect, appropriate and' inappropriate, reasonable and unreasonable. "sagri jugtajug<3t nIharkE."--GPS.

~ [jugtarI] adj who is absorbed in yog

(meditation); perfectly engrossed. "tuhi mukad jogjugtarI."-g5Q raVIdas. tra'I'fu' [jug;}t:c] Skt ~ n plan. "jogi jug;}tI m jaDE adh. "-dhana m 1. 2 argument, reasoning. "jug;}tIsIddh Ih bat."-saloh. 3 method, way. "Iahu jug<3tI bIhane k<3i j<3n<3m."-sukhmani. 4 management, administration. "ji<3 jug<3tI jakE hE hathI."--gau m 5. 5 ability. "jo V<3rtae sai jug<3tI."-sukhmani. tra'I'fu' ~ [jug<3tI ukatI] See ~ ~. t1dlfdHdlljd [jug<3tIjogesur] adj having utmost ability among the lords of the yogis. "gaV<3hI j<3n<3kadI jug<3tIjogesur."-saw:ye m 1 ke. 2 See t.!fcg 4. tJ'i'ffift [jugti] See tfdTfu". ~ [jug<3tu] See tfOI3". 2 proper, befitting. "soi br<3hm<3DU puj<3D jug;}tu."-sava m 1. trar3' [jugte] connected, coupled. "s<3da <3lIp<3t jog <3ru jugte."-gau m 5. 2 with planning, properly. "mhI chuto Ih jugte."-saloh. ~ [jug;}tE:] through all ages, eternal. See 3". 't'f'dJft; [jug;}llI] yogni, a female yogi; she who practises yog. "m<3harudr<3 ke bh;}v;}n jug<3nI hVE ayh5."-cantr 146. ijOIO't [jugni] a necklace, tied with a silk cord, hanging on the chest. tJ'QIQ [jugnu] Skt ~ n glow worm, firefly, glow fly; lightning bug. L Lampyris noctiluca. The glow worm has florescent material on its tail. The male glow worm flies in the air while the female glow worm crawls on the earth. The latter also emits light. In fact the male is named glow fly while the female is called glow worm but writers (especially poets) regard both as the same. iJOIlf [jugam] See t.!fOIH. 'tfiIRI"'H [jugraj] a Virk Jatt, resident of village Rame-ana. When Sikhs of Majha, i.e., Maha Singh, Bhag Kaur etc were looking for Guru

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trtra'

Gobind Singh to seek forgiviness Jugraj directed them to proceed towards Khidrana pond. ~ [jugraphia], tldld'.i!hild [jugrafiyah] G .-11)? source of geographical knowledge, book of geography. E Geography. ~ [jugal] See ~. ~ t!1l-lQ [jugal jamnu] two kinds of plumlike tree viz cevasus cornuta; svzygium cumini. gulabjaman and Jamoa. 2 white and black fruit of these trees. ~ [jugvat] capable, competent. "tese gursIkkhan ko jugvat jatan ke."-BG. 2 worth using, worthy of use. "jese tute nagbelI se vIdes caljat, saIIl sajog cuakal jugvat he." -BGK. uOJt [jugve] with ability, in a proper way. "janam jatan kar jugve jathar rakhe."-BGK. ij"iII"'ijT [jugaha] several aeons. 2 through the aeons. 3 related, concerned. 4 in yog. "ape jogi jugat jugaha. "-jEt m 4. tJGT" Uahmr [juga jugatan] See 'tl"'dTd" 'tl"oT3fu. "juga jugatan khahI paIa."-asa P<?Jti m 3. ~ [jugadI] origin of time, before aeons. "jugadI sacu."-j<?Jpu. 2 pair, another. "jugadI gurae namah." -sukbm<?Jni. (1) bow to Guru Angad Dev. ~ [jugavai] See ~. tJ~ [juga van] v merge, combine. 2 be capable, qualify. "jognajugavai."-BGK. 'does not seem competent.' ~ [jugavali] a line of epoch, an order of epochs. 2 a writing by a devoted Sikh in Janam Sakhi, supposedly narrated by Guru Nanak Dev. In this Janam Sakhi, Guru Nanak Dev is depicted as meditating. in eternal time. This 'Jugavali' can be seen in the hand written manuscript ofGuru Granth Sahib preserved in Bhai Buta Singh Hakim's dharmsala. It goes from page 1341 onward of the holy scripture.

trfdr [jUgI] in the era; in the period. "cahu jugI

nIrmalu."-maru solbe m 4. 2 in the world. See tJ"dT. tlfdltlfdl [jUgIjugI] through the ages, in every period. "jugI jugI saca eko data."-maru solbe m3. trafI>w [jugia] practitioner of yog. 2 coupled. trn [jugu] See tJ"dT. trn trn [jugu jugu] several ages. 2 throughout the ages, in each era. "han jugu jugu bhagat upaIa."-asa cbat m 4. eqrtI'RT [jugupasa] Skt ~ n condemnation, vilification. See qJ1.f vr. 2 hatred, hate, disgust. ~ [jugupasIt] Skt ~ adj maligned. 2 contemptible, disgusting. ;rcitR' [juges], ~ [jugesur] master of sages, lord of yogis. 2 Shiv. 3 Gorakh. 4 the Creator. S Baba Sri Chand. t:rahr [jugat] end ofan era. 2 doomsday; ultimate destruction of the universe. t:JClfoa' [jugatar1within an aeon, within the era. 2 another era i.e. several aeons. "jese jal atar jugatar base pakhan."-BGK. ~ [juggalJ.], ~ [juggalJ.I] a yogini, a horrible goddess attending upon Durga. "jay japahu juggalJ. juh jua."-<Jkal. ~ [juchadal See fu:Iit!r. 'tJ'i'f [juj] n Yajur Ved, suggesting Dvapar (the second aeon) which got prominence in Yajur Ved. "juj mahI jOrI chali cadravlI." -var asa. 2 P i part without, except. 3 A ,;. short for juzav. n part, piece, portion. 4 unbound volume. S P fi roasted meat of male sheep. "salan :> buHi juj tahari."-krrs<Jn. tJt.re'O [juzdan] P n a bag to keep unbound volumes of a book; satchel. trf.l'itft [juzbadi] P n process of combining and binding frames (ofa book); book binding. 'ij'ffa' [jujar] or tl"t"9 [jujaru] Yajur Ved. "sam vedu ngu jujaru athr~balJ.u." -maru solbe m 1.

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See~.

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lfiRit [jujri] with both hands t~olded. "bahu bm

bIne bhan he jujri."-NP. 2 scholar of Yajur Ved. tJlW [jujaru] See tJtRf and ~'. tfR'Ef [jujat], 'tJ'HTfu' [jujatI] See tiIWfd. "pun bhyo jujat."-jajatI. tJM1lf [jujam] A ('..it> n leprosy. See (l~3g1~. ~ [jujh] n war, battle. ~ [jujhua] adj warrior, combatant 2 n musical instrument producing heroic feeling. "jujhe jujhua ke baje."-carrtr 116. ~ [jujhl).a] v fight. 2 die fighting. '61Pi [juJhau] See~. "duh dISI baje jujhau baje."-GPS. t1tJ1\laldl [jujhaurag] Sandhuria and Maru rag, the rag that produces a heroic: eeling. 2 musical note boosting the morale ofwarriors. ~ [jujhar] adj warrior, fighter, hero. ~ [jujharsigh] a Rajput ofthe hill region, who fought against Dilawar Khan. See r4jrtl~(')I<::C( ch 12.2 See ~1~ 'Stefl". t1tJ 1amur '8"8T [jujharsigh baba] valiant son of Guru Gobind Singh born to MataJito in 1747 Bikrami. He attained martyrdom on Poh 8, 1761 Bikrami fighting with courage: in the battle-field ofChamkaur. Bhai Santokh Singh erroneously mentions his martyrdom to have taken place in Sirhind. Guru Gobind Singh's court poet, Sainapati, thus describes the valour of Baba Jujhar Singh in the battle of Chamkaur: "jab dekhIO jujhar sigh sama pahucyo an, d:>ryo dal me dhaIke kar me gahii kaman." trl1 [jujjh] n war, battle. ij"tJO [jujjhar] adj warrior, fighter. tJG [jut] pair, group oftwo, joined. 2 See t1~ 2. ;:rGFlt [jutsi] will meet, will see. "mera mukh sakat sagI na jutsi."-dev m 5. ij'GC{ [jutak] Skt n knot of matted hair, knot of

tangled hair. 2 bouquet; bunch of flowers. ijGC!T [jutl).a], tfC?iT [jutna] v combine, meet. 2 clash mutually, confront. 'tI'? [jutu] See tIC. 2 intimacy, familiarity. "name sap jutu."-gau var 1 m 5. tIO [juth] Skt ~ adj contaminated, polluted; left over. 2 See tfO. ij"O"d"(')'T [jutharna], tJQ%!T [jutha1l).a], iJ(5T'l?(')T [juthalna] vdefile or pollute (victuals) by tasting or touching. ~ [juQai.l n coolness, coldness. 2 shiver due to malaria (fever), shiver due to cold. tJ'FOT [juQana] (Skt ~s~ vr combine) adj combined, joined. 2 shrunk due to cold. 3 cooled, made cold. tra"i'il [juQani] gathered, collected. "In ritI bIlok barat juQani."-NP. 2 cooled, become cool. ij'~ [juQi] n I~rowd, group, gang. See E Juhto, iJo [jut] ad} tied, combined. 2 associated, accompanied, involved. 'ij'a'ij' [jutau] I~ombined, associated. See m. tI"3" [juta] associated, combined. 2 See tf3T. "'-"'-j tnl [jute] combined, paired, coupled, fastened. "pharr joni jute."-var guj 2 m 5. trOT [jutta] See iJ3T. 2 pair of slro~s, co. ~ring for the feet, foot cover. "kaQh caran te rnaryo jutta."-GPS. tI1f [juth], trt:r, [jutthl Skt ~ n group, crowd. ~ [judria] n austerity, effort, service, hard labour. "par lagau nIt karau judaria."-mali m4. F [juda] P 1.J adjdifferent, separate, distinct ~ [judai] P JI..~ n separation, parting. tI1:f [judh] See tftr. 'tJ"Qfo [judhanI] fighting force, army.-sanama. ~ [judhabar] n yuddh-abar. standard' of war, flag of wat. "des bIdesan jit judhabar." -paras. 'victory over the enemy's standards.' 2 armour, coat of mail.

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[juba!).] See ij1l<!'. till' [juba] adj young, youthful. brother of Yudhistar-Arjun; his charioter- ;rat [juba], "tfl'!"O [juban] taste; tongue (language). Krishan; his foe, the arrow.-scwama. See;::re+ and RWO. "samastul juba hE."-japu. ijtlt [judhi] adj warrior, fighter. ;j'fim' [jubI:;;] See tf'SH. 'Btl' [juddh] (Skt 1;ifq' vr fight a battle) n war, 1f~ [jubba!).] See ij1l<!' 2. battle. ifH"<!' [jD mma!).] v take birth; be born. ~ [juddhsali] Skt gQil:QIIR11, adj fighter, 2 germinate, grow. 3 S go, march. "jume katak warnor. achuh!).i."-cac;ii 3. 'Many units of soldiers ~ [juddhmali] adj one who puts on the marched.' rosary of war; one who wears the garland of ;j'~ [jumal).har] adjperishable, mortal. See victory. "sabE satru jite maha juddhmali." tf}f(! 3. "q.halI q.hulI juma!).har."-sri m 1. -ramav. ti"Jili5" [jumal], ~ [jumlah], tp-IW [jumla] A ,...LZ ti"i'5lft [junnabi] See ;:ffi1ft. n sum total, addition. The total ofwords is given tI'O't [juni] n birth, life. "bahup na paiE jOUniE.'" wherever this word appears in different pages -suhi cMt m 5. ofGuru Granth Sahib. 2 advall, entirely. ~ [juniE] in the vulva. See tr?>1. ~ [jumalarjun] Skt yamal-arjun; a pair tI'Qlit [junubi] See FIQ1ft. ofArjun trees. See~. ifc';ra' [zunnar] P .Iii; sacred thread (worn by tpi". [juma] A ,J. a day of assembling, a day of upper caste Hindus as a mark of initiation). congregation. Friday is regarded as an tloiae'O [zunnardar] P .IIJ.lIiJ wearer of the auspicious day in Islam. On this day, the sacred thread. 2 a Parsi, who regards Zend Almighty took Adam to the garden of Eden. as his holy scripture, also wears a thread, but Men will rise from their graves on doomsday he ties it around his waste. and present themselves before the court ofGod ~ [jufat] P ~ pair. 2 even e.g. two, four, for the final verdict. eight etc. 3 married woman. 4 adj coupled, According to mI:;;kat, he, who listens to the connected. sermon with rapt attention during the mid-day ;j'mr [juba:;;] P n vibration, movement, prayer on Friday, is liberated from all the sins shivering. committed by him during the week. ij'8'C!' [juba!).] adj youthful, young, adult. 2 n "roze jum-ah momnane pakbaz. youth, youthfulness. "juba!). may matti."-dCJtt. gIrad me ayad az bahIre namaz."-zfdgi. 'vainglorious of one's youthfulness.' tfHr [juma] A ,-::; shelter. 2 a Rajput sardar, who tr~ [jub'Whi!).], iJ~ [juba!).hin] adj finds mention in the battle of Husaini. See devoid ofyouthfulness, i.e. an old person. "jIm r~rtli1(')I<::a 1": 11. juba!).hi!).laptaI narr."-ramav. tpi" HRfl:re' [juma masjId], BW HFito [juma masit] lIn Guru Granth Sahib we come across at a number of A /(;1g a mosque, where Muslims places two matras affixed to a consonant. One matra assemble to perform prayer. The mosques, where Muslims gather especially for Friday signifies the meaning ofthe word while the other explains prayers are named juma masjId. Such the musical harmony. Here the word is #o't [jonil but mosques exist in many cities but the mosque per chanting its pronunciation is juni.

t1rQRZa [judhIstar] See ~. tI rQRZas1Jlj"3fa' [judhIstarbadhusutarr] cpd,

J-?

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"sadhu sagr mukh jure."-sar m 5. "harr sru built by Shahjahan in 1650 AD in Drelhi and jurE ta nrhea1 citu."-gau a m 5. "kal sru jurE." another one contructed by Aurangzeb in 1673 AD near Lahore's fort have special -bhEr kdbil". tfoa- [jurrah] See ijOW. significance. tfM [jGmio] 'See tfl-l<!". 2 S~~e mrfu:. tf'ijl'8' [jurrab] T "':"'ti n pair of socks. t:rf).lw [jumrla] See tp-IW. tJ'l'5' [ju1] See ~. 2 A if n warm covering for tfH [jume] See ij'J-I<!' 3. animals. 3 See ~. ~ [jumerat] n Thursday. ~ [julai] went with. See ~. "sathr na ju1ai mara."-var jEt. tf~ [jumevari] P u,AJ;'j n responsibility; taking responsibility ofsome thing on oneself. 'ijl'roT [ju1ha] weaver. "tu bamanu mE kasik tre" [jur] See ~. 2 fever. See ifij. "pargun julaha."-a.s:a kabir. See ~. pardhan paran pras;'isa. jan: na rh jur lakho tJ1I5Q" [ju1ka] a Khatri subcaste among lower nrs;'isa."-NP. classSarins. "paro ju1ka paramhas."-BG. ~ [juI:Q.a], ~ [ju1al).u] S v go, travel. "pav ~ [jura] A 0.7. it sip, gulp. ~ [jurah] A ,*.i only a single draught, only suhave ja tau dhrrr ju1de."-var ram 2 m 5. "rah dasai na ju1a."-vaQ m 1. "mu julau one sip. ~ [jur-at], ij"<3'3" [jurat] A.:.-If. courage. "jurtathr."-var maru 2 m 5. "pav ju1ai padh at jamal hE."-japu. "mam jurat nah:rn etni." tau."-suhi am 5. "kamal).a sagr ju1ra."-asa -saloh. eMt m 5. "padhr ju1;'idri mera ;'idaru tMQha." tf6i'iT [juma] v associate,join, assemble. "ahrar -var ram 2 m 5. nrt kar juma."-g5Q m 4. tfl'5O [ju1an] See ~. 2 See ifffi'l. ~ [juram] A (). n crime, guilt. ~ [julaph] P ..JJj n a strand of long hair, ~ [jurmana] P ~LJ. n fine, penalty. hanging over the cheek. "ju1phe anup jaki." tJ"6'6' [jur-ra] P ~i n male species of a hawk -ramav. named Goshawk. Its height is less than that of t1l'Sc:a i ij [ju1aphkar] A .J~f.,j n something which a hawk. Just like the hawk it is brought up and is spiral-shaped; sword with a spiral frame. trained for hunting. See fucr"ffi ~. The base ofthis sword is thick and has a spiral ~ [jur-ro] See ijOW. 2 Dg derived firom jvarshape. See ~. "ju1aphkar J mrsri."-sdloh. haro; vEd, doctor. 2 a sword, bearing this name, which was tt'QI' [jurra] See ijOW. 2 Dg sleep, drowsiness. acquired by Hazarat Mohammad by winning ij'ij'icJ'R' [jurakus] Skt tpri~F.f n antipyretic over the infidel Gash in the battle of Baddar medicine to control fever. The Indian VEd and presented to Ali, his son-in-law. (ayurvedic doctors) prepan:~ this medidne from tI"MH' [ju1m] A n oppression, violent use of substances like mercury, sulphur etc. Any force, excess. 2 injustice invidiousness. "jor ju1am phulahr ghano."-bC1vdn. medicine that controls fevt:r is call1ed juraku~. tJfa' [jurr] in association; together. "sagal brdhi t:rW [jula], ~ [ju1au], ~ [ju1ai] See ~. jurr aharu karra."-mala IT! 5. tlM'U" [ju1aha], t.rWfr [ju1aho] P ~JJ? n weaver ~ [jurra], ~ [juria], :~ [jure], ~. [jurE] of cotton thread; weaver of clothes. "jatr got busy, joined, combated, fought. "krrtan ju1aha matr ka dhir."-g5Q kC1bir. "jru sats;'igatr juria."-suhi m 5 partaL 'got busy with work.' tarro ju1aho."-kan C1 m 4. See RWUT. 2 an

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aquatic creature capable of moving over ij))fT [jua] n gamble. Skt "!13" game of chance water. 3 See or;:r ~. played with a bet; game of stake (bet) to win 'ij'llSllf [julab] A ~o; n purgative; this term or lose money or property. "har juar jua originated from gul-ab i.e. extract ofroses. The bIdhe."-gaum5. 2 yoke ofa cart or a chariot, extract (distillate) ofroses is a purgative; thus with which bulls or horses are fastened. this name is commonly used for liquid 3 adj young, adult. "lare bal ;) bnddh jua medications causing loose motions when taken. nSEkE."-carItr 120. tJfipw [julIa] See ~. tJ))f1Q [juar], 1I'l?fTal [juari] adj gambler. Skt e~do(ld. "juar bIsanu na jaI."-bIla a m 5. tr [julus] See ~. "juari jue mahI cit."-bas~tm 5. tnbr' [zulexa], ~ [zuIExa] P ~; See ~. ~ ~ [jUE janamharl).a] v waste tr1'f [jula] See ~. ~ [juladri] See~. precious life in useless deeds; spend time in trw [julIa] n heavy and thick cloth filled with good for nothing engagements. "japI juE janam na hariE."-sri ch~t m 5. cotton; worn-out quilt. trH'8" [jullab] See trH'8". [juI] See g 5. tr'l'ft' [julli] n thick quilt filled with cotton. ijt!t [jui] lice infested. "malu jui bhana nila kala khIdholra."-var gau 1 m 4. ~ [juvti] young woman. See ~. ~ [juvraj] prince. See ~. 'ij"tarR' [juebaj] See ~. ~ [juva] See F. ~ [juebar] P A'-? n canal. tJl1 [jus] Skt ipI" n soup of pulses, meat etc. E ~ [juvarl See ~. juice. ~ [juval] See ~. 2 See if'l? tJ;J'OT [jur,ma] v combine, merge, join (of two tJCf [juh] n domain, boundary, revenue limit of objects). 2 assemble, gather. 3 be available, a village. "carh ghore nas jal).ge VIC juh be accessible. paraia."-j~gnama.2 social group, community. trftr [jUrI] after gathering. "jurI jurI VIchure." 3 adj all, whole, entire. "maulIo man tan juh." -varsarm 1. -sar m 5.4 meadow, grassland, uncultivated land used as pasture. ~ [jurada] adj available. 2 added to the total. "dhun paIa knatu jurada."-vaq m 4 lfdt [juhi] See tJ'tit. ghoria. 3 coolant; what cools. "han jethI ;fer [jl1k], ;I~ [jl1ka] n louse. "jl1k pari bahu bar badhe sn."-,-GPS. jurada loriE."-majh barahmaha. 'We seek God who creates coolness in the scorching heat of t.r-" [jujh] n battle, war. "nIt uthI jujh karije." -kalI am 4. the month of Jeth.' 4 hoarder, depositor. tJ [ju] part a polite vocative; Sir. "han jut ~ [jujbl).a], ~ [jujhna] v fight. 2 die fighting. rakhIlehu patI meri."-jet m 9. 2 n birth, ijftJ' [jujhI] advfighting, combating. "man SIU jujhImarE prabh pae."-asa m 1. creation. "prabhu hE. aju hE."-japu. 3 Skt air, wind. 4 Sarasvati - the goddess ofknowledge. VG [jut] Skt n knot of hair, topknot. "sis jatan ke jut suhae."-VN. 5 P ft or Lft river. 6 canal. 7 you search. ;f [jl1] Skt ljJW n a parasite in the hair or in utt [jup] adj tied. 2 illumined, lit, luminous. "ek te ek juti."-ramav. 'Mountain herbs clothes, called louse. Its plural is lice. excelling one another in luminosity.' ~ [jua] See ~. 2 See ~.

ure-

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iI:f

'ijO [juth] Skt ~ n leftover food after eating,

leftover. 2 thing contaminated by touch or taste. 3 impiety. 4 S lie, falsehood, untruth. ~ [juthkuth] n fabricated lie; maligned falsehood, harlot's left-over. "cum: juth kutha ~rut5 chor dharma."-kalki. ~ [juthan] See l-Ifu 4. 2 ute:nsil contaminated by touch or taste; partly eaten dish, kitchen refuge, leftovers. "juthan jutllI pd1i SIr upan."-kan am 4. 'The partly eaten dish was thrown on Shukdev's head.' 3 plural of~. 'ijO Ntr t17i' ~ [juth VIce dhan paul).a] v put coins or money in utensil in the: leftover food; only the barber has the right to take this money (tip.). This is often practised during the marriage ceremony when some tip is put in the used utensil ofthe bridegroom. "juth bIkhe bahu dhan ko eJare."-GPs.. 'ijOl' [jutha] Skt ~ adj unholy, polluted.; stuff leftover after eating. ijO"i'i [juthan] n pollutedness, contamination. "5tan lobh juthan. "-sar m 5. ~ [juthane] with liars, with mean people. "khote thavar n paIm, rale jutham:."-asa () m 1. ~ [juthan5d] See ~~. ~ [juthara], ~ [juthari] adj polluted, impure. "hamkIukan mIlahI juthari?"-dev m 4. "bhar atharahI sagal juthare."-dh()na rc>vrdas. ~ [juthI] S impiety, impurity. "jut1u lahe jiu majie."-guj m 1. "fdi ki juthI utaraSI nahi."
-b()sat k()bir.

w5l [juthi] feminine of jutha.

ifaor [jueJna] v get stiff due to extn)m~~ cold, feel chill ofthe cold. F [jueJie] become stiff because of cold. ~ [jut], ~ [juta], ~ [juti] n pair of shoes, footwear; it is customany to remove shoes while entering Sikh shrines. The convention to remove shoes before entering the: holy places

also finds mention in the Bible. See EX ch 3. verse 5, and Joshua ch 5, verse 15. 'ijtf [juth] n crowd group, gang. See li!'"Ef. "satIgUrI khema tal).Ia jugjuth samal).e." -s()veye m 4 ke. 'The Guru has pitched the tent of Sikh religion, under which many groups of people have taken shelter.' tJSl.f [juthap] leader of the masses, leader ofa group. See W"Efl-f. 'tf'!' [jud] P )1) adv hurriedly, hastily, quickly. "ayo uppar khalse jud."-PPP. 2 A 'iJt!' adj . large-hearted. 3 freedom. 4 hunger, anger. ~ [zudi] P 15"j; n hurry, haste, quickness. tfO [jun] n a kind of worm grown within the intestines (~tc a tape worm or a stomach worm. This worm is a kind of an earthworm and generally grows in unhealthy and unclean stomach. Water oozes out of the mouth of a sleeping person having such worm in his/her stomach. 2 See ;;:rfo. ~ [junagaeJh], ~ [junagaTh] a state in Kathiavar and its capital which is closer to Girinar hiliis. Its ancient name was Girinagar. 1 Charanpacluka, a holy place in memory ofGuru Nanak Dev, situated here, is of great religious significance. Wo [jum]., ~ [juni] See 'Gtfo. female sexual organ; vagina. See . ~ [jup] n gamble, gambling. 2 See ~. ijlit [jupi] adj gambler. "back baq,e jupi jab hare."-ca.rrtr 337. ~ [juri] See ;;:r;ft. 2 E jury; council sitting alongwith the judge, which take an oath to impart justice; council ofarbitrators. trW [jula] n yoke; rod of a cart or a chariot used to fasten oxen and horses etc for pulling. Skt ~. "juIe sath jor kar here kachu tor kar. "--GPS. 'ij1'f [juT] n a rope used for fastening; rope to
I

In the geographical dictionary, its ancient name is written as Yavan Nagar.

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shackle. [jurana] v shackle, tie securely; tie hand and foot. ~ [jura] n topknot, knot of hair. tpft [juri] n brush of straw or hair used for whitewashing a house and cleansing utensils. 2 group, band. "jur gurmukh juri."-BG. 3 small knot of hair. 4 small bundles of crop . made during harvesting. R [je] pran pI oHt. "je apne gur te mukh phuhi"."-VN. 2 part if, provided. "je jug care arja."-japu. 3 Persian letter B [ze]. It also means 'from'. 'Rf [jeu], Rfu [jeI] pran who, which. mft [jei]pran who, which. adjeaten, consumed, taken. "japI jei ~IV ~ag bhavani."-tulsi. R'RG [jesat], H'P! [je~th] Skt rl'f); adj elder. 2 God, the Almighty. 3 husband's elder brother. "mati devi devar jesat."-asa m 5. 4 month of Jeth (in Hindu calendar); night ofthe full moon in Jeshtha. tl1f [je~tha] Skt ~ n a heroine in poetry, who is very dear to her husband. 2 middle finger. 3 Lakshmi (goddess of wealth). 4 eighteenth of twenty-seven sidereal days. 5 adj elder (feminine), senior (feminine). 6 n lizard. ihr [jeh] pran of whom. "jeh hiE aha budhI bIkara."-bav;:m. 2 who. "jeh r;:Js;:Jn cakhIo." -saveye sri mukhvak m 5. 3 bowstring. See fi:1<:r. "tir jeh mahI jor jor."-GPS. rn [jehar] H ~ n an ornament, usually of silver, with tiny tinkling bells, worn by women around their ankles.."maqal ras... sam jehar ki."-krrsan. 'The amphitheatre looked like a tinkling round ornament. ihr m [jeh lap] under whose patronage, with whose assistance. "jeh lagI bhaujalu tama." -saveye sri mukh yak m 5. ~ [jehlam] Vitasta river, rising from the springs of Varinag in Kashmir, merges with
~

Chenab (Chandar Bhaga) near Maghiana flowing a distance of about 450 miles through the areas of Baramula, Muzaffrabad, Kohala, Jehlam, Gujarat, Shahpur, Jhang etc. Srinagar, the capital of Kashmir, is situated on its bank. 2 a town in Punjab, situated on the bank of Jehlum. It is district headquarters and is situated at a distance of 104 miles from Lahore by rail. 'ffir:p- [jehara] pran who, which, that, what. adj similar to, same as, as like. "jehra purab kamaIa."-va<;i m 1 alah1J.i. "sace jehara SOI." -maru a m 1. 'Like the True One.' 'ffiJr [jeha] adj as like, similar to, resembling. same as. "jeha an teha jasi."-majh am 3. S similar to, same as. 'ffiJr ~ 3c:P' q [jeha vekhahI teha vekhu] see others as you see yourself. 2 You will see others as you would like to see them. ;lfu [jehI] whom, to whom. 2 See fi:1<:r. Hm [jehi] adj same as. "jehi suratI teha tIn rahu."-sri m 1. 2 n bow having a string; stringed bow. Hm 3"m [jehi tehi] adj similar to. 2 pran any person, anyone, every body, that is-everyone. "jehi tehi pE ghIghat hE."-carrtr 266. 'ffij- [jeho] See 'itut'. R'SI"a' [jekarl, [jekan] adv if, in case, provided. "jek;:JrI sut;:Jku m;:)niE." -vaT asa. ;lcrt" [jeka] if. See w. mt:r [jecor] name of the washerman Rajak as referred to in the Mecca-Madina discourse, ofwhich the origin unknown. ~ [jejva], Rtftnp- [jejia], ~ [jejua] A :7People not adopting Islam under the Muslim regime were forced to pay a tax called jIZiyah. I As per the law of those days, each

Hcmr

'Khafikhan writes that those who did not offer armed service or help to the empire had to pay zIzIyah; but during the Mughal rule Hindu Rajputs used to offer military help and still were not exempted from this tax.

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adult had to pay an annual tax of om~ dinar. 1 Those who paid this tax regularly had the right to live peacefully and the state owned the responsibility oftheir security in every respect. Elphinstone writes that during the Mughal rule the tax collection from a rich person was 48 dirham2 annually, while a middle income person had to pay 24 and a working class man a 12 dIrham per year. Women and children were exempted from this tax. 3 Alauddin was directed by his Kazi that as per verdict given by Imam Hanifa, Jiziah, (tax) was equivalent to death sentence. He" who does not adopt Islam, is liable to be e:xeeuted. But this infidel is to be pitied, and instead of being executed, he should be forced to pay the tax. When a Hindu is asked to pay Jiziah, he should feel obliged to do so. Aurangzeb ordered that each infidel should pay jiziah personally by presenting himself in his court. People, payingjiziah, were not allowed to wear clothes worn by true Muslims (bdiever in Islam). "jejia Qanu ko lae na jagatI."-asa a m 5. "InE jejva lagE mahan."-GPS. Ro [jethl See;b:rc. 2 ~ month of Jeth. "harr jeth jurada10riE."-barahmaha majh. See tJ;kr. 3 adj elder, senior. "jeth ke namr Qarau." -asa kabir. Here Jeth stands for Yamraj (the god of death). Some exegetes hold death to have been created prior to birth (i.e destruction earlier to creation), henc(~ it is jeth. 'Rc5t' [jetha] adj elder, senior, aged, old. 2 n earlier name of Guru Ram Das. 3 a devotee of Guru Ram Dass. 4 Guru Arjan Dev's devoted disciple belonging to the Sethi
'a coin of gold equivalent to 32 rattis in weight. 'an ancient silver coin, which is equivalent to two annas today. 'Several historians give different slabs of zaziyah.

subcaste, who attained self-realisation and remained in prison at Lahore alongwith Guru Arjan Dev. He also served Guru Hargobind during his imprisonment in the fort ofGawalior. 5 Guru Arjan Dev's devotee ofBehal subcaste. 6 Guru Hargobind's follower of Hehar subcaste, a brave warrior, who laid down his life in the battle of Gurusar. 7 a Jaunpur resident, dl~votee of Guru Hargobind. He was advised by the Guru to renounce asceticism and perform meditation. 8 a preacher, resident ofLakhnaur, who was a follower ofGuru Tegh Bahadur. Guru Gobind Singh stayed at his residence while on his way to Anandpur from Patna. RorfJ:fur [jethasf ghl a businessman of Ahmadabad. Bhai Daya Singh stayed with him while going to deliver Zaffarnama to Aurangzelb in Deccan. 2 Bhai Daya Singh, eldest of all the baptised Sikhs. floi('):fI [jethanriJ, H6"""?iT [jethani] wife of husband's elder brother. "der jethanriah." -maru a m 1. "s.Jgal satokhi der jethani." -asa m 5. 2 elder, senior. ;lfo [jethI] during Jeth (3rd month ofBikrami Sammat). "nanak jethI jat).E tIsu jEsi."-tukha barahmaha. ;lo't [jethil elder. "lahuri sagI bhai ab merE jethi auru dhano."-asa kabir. Younger daughterin-law stands for the Guru's teaching while the elder daughter-in-law denotes egotism (wickedness). Hg [jethul See Ro. ~ [jethopau] See~. ila [jeQI, :~ [jeQal, ~ [jeQu] advas big, as large, S FrciS". "khaku jeQu na koI."-s [arid. inS [jedol See ~. Rc!" [jet).] Skt it-l pron who. "jet). jEse bIcare." -ramav. Rc!" ~ [jet). madhy1 Skt ~ in which. "jet).

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madhy harrkirtanah." -gatha. itr [jet] adv as much as, of as much quantity (as). "jet kin uparjana prabhu dan del datar." -mali m 5.2 with which; by which. "caran bhae sat bohltha tare sagar jet."-bIla m 5. See ~ 2. ~ [jetra], ~ [jetre] advas much as, of as much (quantity) as. "suJ).ahI vakhaJ).ahI jetre hau tIn balrhan: jau."-sri m 1. H"3T [jeta] advas much as, of as much amount as. "jeta dehI teta hau khau."-sri m 1. 2 Skt ~, conqueror, winner, victor. "nanak sagal srrsatI ka jeta."-sukhmani. ffift [jeti] adv as much as. "jeti srrathI upai vekha."-japu. 2 See H"3T 2. ~ [jetu] advas much as. 2 from whom, from which, with whom. "tanu karr tulha laghahI jetu."-ram m 1. il3' [jete] as many as, as much (quantity) as. "jete daJ).e an ke jia bajhu na koi."-var asa. ~ [jetE] it is a victory. "har nahi sabh jetE." -kanm 5. it3' [jeto] See H"3T I. Ho [jen] Sktiito third(declension); wherefore, because of which, due to which. 2 who,. "jen kala dharro akasa."-s sahasm 5. 'The Creator who has created the sky with His art.' "jen sarabsIdhi."-saveye m 3 ke. 'because of which the meditator achieved enlightenment.' ~ [jenken] third (declension); any way, because of, whosoever, whichever. "jen ken parkare harrjasu sunahu sravan."-asa ch5t m 5. 'whichever means; any way, by hook or by crook, howsoever.' ~ [jenakenl See Ho~. howsoever. 2 from whosoever, from everyone, from anyone. "ka~tyog dustar ahE hOI n jenaken."-NP. H8' [jeb] P ,":",J n praise, reputation. 2 T ~ pocket. 3 A an iron cuffworn for the protection of the wrist. "jebo tlkr na bakhtar rahI he."

-carItr 195. ihre [zebad] P -'f'..J gets decorated, will be beautified. Its root is zebidan. [jebnasa], R'afoRr [jebnIsa] See mf1?iw. furrl;n:r [zebaya~] P J;!~J n grace, beauty. 2 decoration. mtreo [zebidan] P cJ.A:"..J v grace; appear beautiful, look beautiful. ifow [zebunnIsa] L,.i.\,":",J daughter of emperor Aurangzeb, born on February 5, 1639 AD. She was a scholar ofPersian and Arabic. She learnt KOTan by heart. Zebunnisa was a very good poetess. Her pen name was Maxfi. She did not get married. From time to time, she used to give excellent advice to her father. A Punjabi poet has thus penned down this fact: "jebunIsa phrr akhdi, Ik suxan SUJ).ala, jad da bEtha taxat te, ki adal kamala? ~ahjaha nu kEd kar, dara marva I a, tegbahadar nal bhi, tE dhoh kamala, bijya biu ju zahrr da, phal khaJ).a ala, aggE lekha magie, bhar 11280 savala, ~ah adalat na kare, phrr dozax paIa, umarxItab adalti, beta marva I a, kita adal nu~erva, jas jag VIe ehala. Zebunnisa breathed her last in 1703 AD in Delhi. See~. 'Ai [jebel were murdered. "kahii jvan jebe sukati katari."-carItr 120.2 having grace; reputed. RH [jem] adv like, same as. "ghaJ).a jem gaje." -c5cji 2. ibm [jeman] (Skt ~ vr eat, take a meal) n food, meal. 2 Skt ~ adj leading, superior most. 'RfH [jemI] See RH. ffi.lt [jemi] ate, fed; See ffi.Io 1. 2 triumphal, triumphant. "krlakkar jemi."-c5cji 2. m,. [jer] SkttRJT1!f n placenta, foetal membrane. 2 short for jeraj (jarayuj). "aq blnasi jer bInasi."-sar m 5.3 P tJ adjdefeated, docile,

mrow

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'Thirty-three crore gods partake meals in the subordinate. "sabhE jer kine bali kal hatha." -VN. 4 below, under. "ham jer jIlni."-var Almighty's kitchen.' majh m 1. 'All of us are under the ground.' ~ [jevaQ] advas big as. See 2 n rope, bondage, ties. 5 n a vowel sign put below a Persian letter, ~ [jevaQa] See "tere mudh katare jevaqa."-vaq m 1. '0 fool! which has the pronunciation OnI}. See FIW 7. big is your taunt (sarcasm).' mr [jer sae] See B'a' Fj11jRJ. ihr 'R"'liIU [zer sayah] und<;:r the shadow of. ~ [jevaQu] advas big as, as large as. "jevaQu bhavE tevaqu hOI."-japu. s'iti. 2 under the influence of. 3 Ulnder the patronage of. 4 in the neighbourhood of an important ~ [jeval)] See ffi-ro. Aiii!C!d1ij [jevaI).har], .a-A""'~C!""~=Ti::r\j [jevaI).var] adj one person e.g. "mE apde zersae vasda ha"" 'ihrtr [jeraj] Skt ~ n CHo:atures born from who eats. See ffi-ro. placenta; placental, vivipawus. ~ [jevnar] See ~. mr Ha"a' [jer jabal'] P ~;J/; up and down, high itiii!'a' [jevar] P .Jt) n which is glamorous; Le., ornaments, jewellery, apparel; a figurative and low. 2 superscripts and subscripts employed in writing. See r-llffi 7. expressIOn. ~ [zerdast] P ..::./J/; a commander of the fl'iii!ar [jevra], ~ [jevri], ~ [jevra], ~ [jevri] Mughal emperor Aurangzeb who fought n rope, bondage, ties, noose. Skt ~. "cahu against Guru Gobind Singh in the last battle of dIS pasrIo hE jamjevra."-sor kabir. "prem ki Anandpur. 2 adj subolrdinate, subject, jevri badhIo tero jan."-asa ravrdas. "jam ka subservient. galI jevra nIt kal satavE."-gau a m 3. "gun mra-ra- [zerbar] P A/; adj hard pressed. kati mIhaQi jevri."-sri m 5 pEpa r. 2 distressed. 3 indebted, debtor. ~ [jevIa] served, took food, took meals. ~ [zerMd] P .-v./; n bellly band girth which See ffi-ro. "suca hOIkE jevIa."-var asa. does not allow the horse to raise its head too ~ [jevIha], ~ [jeveha], ~ [jevehe] adv high. Skt '3fuar. same as, .as that, like that, similar to. "jevehe itao;:r [jer-raj] plancental; creatures being born karam kamavde tevehe phalte."-var gau 1 m from placenta. See 'ihrtr. "jIh aQaj setaj jer4. "phal teveho paiE jevehi kar kamaiE."-var raja."-akal. asa. See 'fi./w. [jera] P O./i; n courage, boldness. 2 capacity, ~ [jerha] See ~. patience. It also carries the meaning of Ft [jEl pron whom. "jE ghan kiratI akhiE." [jera] which means jIgra from jIgaJr. -soh ria. "jE bhaVE tE deI."-srim 3. 'He gives ila' [jero] S n fire, flame. 2 See ~rnr, to the person He likes.' 2 adj as many as. ~ [jerojabar] See mri:r8(f. 3 Skt Rtil" n victory, conquest. "jake bhagat ko R'M' [jel] E jail. n prison, place of I;:onfinement. sada jE."--basat m 5. 4 part be a victor! God A Jiv foolish, stupid. "bdi rattak jel paroi." bless you! "jE jagdis tera jas jacau."-basJt a m -EG. 1. 5 n a janitor ofVishnu, JaL "jE aru vIjE nam ~ [jev] adv same as, as that, similar to. "ohu jIn jana."-NP. 6 son of Vasudev, who was jev san deI lahri."-asa chat m 1. born befi::>re Krishan and was killed by Kans. ~ [jevahI] feeds, serves meals. 2 take(s) "::>1' bhayo sut jo un ke grahI nam dharyo tIh ko meals. "sur tetisau jevahI pak."-bhEr a kabir. tIn hil jE'."-krrsan. 7 See Rtil".

m.

m.

we-

mrr

mrr

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mre mre

sadhu harr jejae."-asa ch~t m 5. ~ [jE jagdis] adj triumphant Lord, (Jaishal) son ofDusaj, a Bhatti Rajput of Yadav victorious God. "jE jagdis ki gatr nahi jani." dynasty, who was a renowned raja. He -suhi m 5.2 slogan ofvahguru ji ki fatah. established Jaisalmer town in Rajputana after ~ [jejavati] n HlJIHlJIc$31 or HlJIHtJfF3 a ragrJ)i his name in 1146 AD. Phool dynasty also of seven notes in Kamach mode, formed by a originated from Jaisal. combination of dhulr;;ri, brlaval and sorath. m=rr [jEsa] Skt ~ adv similar to, like that. The time for its singing is early morning.! It "jEsa satrgur sUJ)ida tESO hi mE qithu."-varram contains both gadhars and nrr;;ads. In the 1 m5. ascending order nrr;;ad and gadhar are pure iffifur [jEsfgh] See tI'l'il'fi::l'u. notes, while in the descending order both are flat. pacam and rrr;;abh are included in this Hfi:furyw [jEsfghpura] See ~. ffift [jEsi] Skt ~ adv similar to, same as. mode; nr;;abh being vadi (primary note), and "jEsi mE aVE khasam ki baJ)i. "-trl~g m 1. pacam being samvadi (secondary note). ftl.p:r [jEsukh] See ai:lHiflJs. ascending - r;;a ra ga rna pa dha na r;;a AA [jEse], AA [jESO] as, in the manner of. 2 like decending - r;;a na dha pa rna ga ra r;;a The place of jEjavati is 31 'I in Guru Granth that, similar to, same as. See Hw. "jEse jal mahr kamal nrralam."-srdhgosatr. "jESO gun Sahib. Only the hymns ofGuru Tegh Bahadur are composed in this 'ijT(J'f [rag]. This ragIJ)i updesra."-gau m 5. ffiJftr [jEh-hr], R'fr [jEhE] will go. "jEh-hr ata Ion alongwith other compositions of Guru Tegh Bahadur, was included in Guru Granth Sahib jlu son samanI sariru."-s kabir. "bit jEhE by Guru Gobind Singh. See aja-HTf'c:m-. janamu akaj re."-jeja m 9. ~ [jEkar], ~ [jekara], ~ [jekaru], ~ ~ [jEjEkar] See RWQ. "jejEkar bhara jag atarr."-suhi chiJt m 5. [jekaro] n ovation; shout in unison; slogans like vaheguru ji ki fateh and satt sri akal, shouted in RiP [jN-a] pron whose. 2 adj fool. "paqrt mohrahe sunkE, aru mohgae sunke jan jf'qa." unison. "sat sabha kau sada jekaru." -krrsan. -gaum5. h [jEJ)] pron whose. "jEJ) kul ChEJ) dharma." This is the slogan ofthe Khalsa: "sabh dharti halcal bhai choqyo gharbara, -gyan. 2 See Ro. ffir [jet] Skt 'H'l.ilf::s" n victory, conquest. 2 a disciple r;;ah pat1?ahamirre khapr hoe chara, ofGuru Arjan Dev and brother ofSingaru. He satrguru bajhahu ko nahibhe katanhara, showed his act of exceptional bravery by carhra guru gobfdsfgh IE dharam nagara. joining the army of Guru Hargobind. 3 a jEt bhekhi bharmia di sabha utharke, moneylender and follower ofGuru Hargobind. dabru ghusru ml bhajra parke, He is different from Jagat Seth. 4 See~. khote khacre di sapha smetke 5 See tfCi'iT. gursfgha racra jekara, ffim'at [jEtsari], ~ [jEtsrri], ~ [jEtr;;riJ jo gajjke bulave so guru ka prara ~, It is a perfect variation of a major satr sri akal, gurbar akal. IS ome musicians consider its time of singing as third [jecad] See ~. quarter of the night. [jejae] n ovation, applause, cheer. "boIr
~ [jEsal], ~ [jEsalmeru] Raval Jaisal

ft' [jf'] pron to whom. "so sai jf' VrSrE."-Var jet.

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oriental musical measure using only six notes. rI~abh and dhEvat are prohibited in the ascending order of notes while in descending order all the notes are allowed. gadhar is vadi (primary); mClddham is sharp: dhEvat and rr~dbh are flat. All the remaining notes seem to be pure. The time for its singing is 4th quarter of the day. ascending - ~d gCl mi pa nd ~a descending- ~a na dha pa mi ga ra ~a The place of Jaitsari is eleventh in Guru Granth Sahib. iEgfo [jEtdhunI] ovation, applause, triumph; hail! shout ofvictory. ~ [jEtpatr] Skt victory letter. See ~. "su jEtpatr parya."-cac;iJi 2. 2 standard of victory, flag of victory. 3 plume, crest. "sua jEtpdtra sua chatr chajE."--ramav. ~ [jEtram] See ~ and i'JTO'1JI"('iT. ~ [jEtvar] Skt tll:il'f3'-~ a.dj victor. "bhagatr jog kClU jEtvar."-S;:lVEye m 5 ke. 'ff3r [jEta] a devotee of Guru Arjan Dev. 2 See footnote to ~ flfur. HEr He [jEta seth] See ~r He. Hfu' [jEtr] n victory, triumph. ~ [jEteval] See '8"'<!' CIT~. R3" [jEtO], ~ [jEtO] a village ofPhul administration in Nabha state, situated on Bhatinda Ferozepur railway line. There is a gurdwara of Guru Gobind Singh near the fort in this village. Maharaja Hira Singh got constructed a beautiful building for the gurdwara. A tank named Gangsar is situated nearby. Land measuring 70 ghumaons, alongwith regular annual grant ofRs. 432, has been given to the gurdwara by Nabha state. An additional 18 ghumaons ofland is granted by the village. A huge religious congregation is held here on Poh sudi 7 on full moon in the lunar month ofKattak (eighth month ofBikrami Sammat).

There arose a misunderstanding between the employees of the state and the Akali Dal over akh5(~ path on September 14, 1923 AD, resulting in the loss of many lives on February 21, 1924 AD. Ultimately a peaceful settlement was arrived and 101 Clkha~ paths were started on July 21, 1925 which concluded on August 6, 1925. Gurdwara Tibbi Sahib is situated at a distance ofone and a half miles north ofJaito. Guru Gobind Singh used to hold the evening religious congregation ofrahuas here. Eight acres ofland has been alloted to the gurdwara by the state. The cattle fair of Jaito is very famous. People from far and near come here to buy and sell cattle. Jaito is also a station ofBB&CI railways. Jaito is 96 miles from Lahore and 17 miles from Bhatinda. ffiI [jEtr] Skt adj victor. 2 n mercury. ~ [jEtri] Skt ~ victorious. "ba~ jodha man satru jEtri."-GPS. 'ffi! [jEd] a subcaste of Jatts. 2 a village of Jatts of Jaid subcaste, situated in Nabha state. R~ [jEdparaDa] a chief of Bhokhari in Malwa region; he used to torment Mohan Kala and other ancestors of Phool in connivance with Lala Bhullar. He did not hand over the land for his (Mohan Kala's) habitation even on the request of Guru Hargobind. Mohan Kala then founded Mehraj after killing him in a battle with the help ofGuru Hargobind. See

dradl rae ~ ~ ~.
[jEdirath] Skt Hl.iI't;Ef son ofVriddhkshatar and raja of Saurashtra, who was husband of Duashala, sister ofDurayodhan. He was killed by Arjun during the battle of Mahabharat. He had a son named Surath. ~' [jEdrClth-drrl, H~ [jEdratharr]
~

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oftheft, celibacy, and giving up ofattachment. Jainism has two main sectS-Dne is called s<lbhe 10k gavde."-mJgal kaVI. Shwetanbar, and other is known as Digambar. RfefT [jEdIa] See ~. A Jain follower is required to keep his mouth ~ [jEde] whose; of whom. "ph<lte di nI$ani covered while speaking and carry a broom jEde dvar d<lrgah di."-mJgal kaVI. made of cotton threads called r<ljohra, to ~ [jEdeu], ~ [jEdev] Skt ~ a scholar sweep the place before sitting on it so that no in the court ofVikramaditya, popularly known living creature gets killed. A Jain monk is as Pakshdharmisar. 2 son of Bhojdev, a allowed to take cold meals and boiled water. Brahman ofKanauj, born in Kendooli district To take bath with fresh water is prohibited Birbhoomi in Bengal. His mother was because by doing so creatures may get killed. Ramadevi. Jaidev was a Vaishnavite AJain is not allowed to deposit or hoard money. Apart from other fasts, eight fasts from Bhadon worshipper ofKrishan, but constant company of metaphysical saints made him a unique badi 12 to Bhadon sudi 4 are regarded follower of the Creator. He had profound auspicious. The last day of these fasts named knowledge of Sanskrit and Prakrit. His chdmchdfiZ, is hailed as the most sacred day. composition, Geet Gobind, is a marvellous work In Jainism, God is not regarded as the creator of the universe, only the emancipated of poetry. Jaidev was very fond of music and in very channing voice used to sing alongwith soul is awarded this epithet. "jm mardg sajdm dtI sadhdn."~sukhmani. See 311'laO(I'l, ~ his wife Padmavati hymns composed and written by him. He spent most of his life with and~. 2A Ii) quality, virtue. 3 decoration, Raja Lakshmansen, son of Raja Bhallalsen of adornment, ornamentation. 4 P renunciator; who has renounced woddy pleasures. Bengal.I Two hymns written by Jaidev, one in Hindi and another in Prakrit, are included in ~ [zmxa] PUlrliJ was installed as subedar of Sirhind in Sammat 1818 (1761 AD) by Guru Granth ~ahib. "jEdev tIagIo <lhamev." -basJt am 5. 3 The Almighty, who is victoryAhmad Shah Durrani. The rulers of Phool dynasty, with the assistance of Khalsa forces, incarnate, conquers all, is conquered by none. killed him in Peerjain on Magh 4, 1820 Bikrami "b<ld<lt jEdev jEdev k<lU ramIa."-maru jEdev. (1763 AD) in a battle near Manahere, seven ~ [jEdr<lth], ~ [jEdr<ltharI] See ~ and ~. "bIjE k<lpIdhujjjEdr<lth<lrI sur<lj-jarI. miles away from Sirhind. Zainkhan was pun bhakh."-sanama. Vijay, Kapidhvaj beheaded by Tara Singh of Marhi. After this victory, Sirhind, alongwith most of the Jaidrathar, Suryoj, are Arjun 's names. Ho [jm] a follower of the sect founded by Jin surrounding area, was brought under the control of the Patiala state and many villages (Rishabh Dev); Jaini. The Jain religion is older were also merged with Nabha and Jind states. than Buddhism, Jainism has five main principles - non-violence, truth, renunciation ft~ [jm<llav<ldi] 1i~~'liJ son of Imam Hussain, who was the first ruler of Sayyad 'Lakshman Sen ascended the throne in 1119 AD. He dynasty. He was born in 657 AD and died in gave up his throne in 1199 AD after getting defeated by 713 AD. 2 son of the emperor Sikandar and \1ohammad. the son of I3akhatayar. The capital of
~ [jEda] whose, of whom. "jEda j<lS des des
I aJ...shman ,en was Nadia (Navdvip). 2Thc root of this name is Sanskrit s5viJtsiJri (~).

Jeyrath's enemy, Arjun.

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father ofHaidershah, who ascended the throne iffi.rfoeJfo [jEnunIdar$dn] a pre-Hindu treatise of philosphy, which has twelve chapters. It of Kashmir in 1423 AD. He died in 1474 AD. affirms the faith espoused by Shruti and Simriti 3 Alauddin Khilji has also been called by this name in 199 th cantI', viz "jEnalavadi sah ko tab but rejects their mutual contradictions. hi dayo bhajaI. I'atansm I'ana gae gafI Ih cant flurt!' [jEyad] A ~ adj pure, genuine. 2 strong, firm. dIkhaI." See ~tfto and B3;r. fto't [jmi] See Ro. "Ik jmi ujhafI paI."-var ftw [jEya] created, born. "terah mas bhae jou m<Jla m 1. jEya."-krrs<Jn. 2 gave birth. 3 victor. ffiJtH [jEraml a Khatri resident of Sultanpur, ~ [jEpatI'] See~. ~ [jEpal] See i1liIlfI(? who was the husband of Bibi Nanki, sister of ~ [jEpuI'] See Rliffi:fur. Guru Nanak Dev. He was an official ofDaulat Rmi [jEmdl] See ~ and ;~r3;r. 2 warrior of a Khan Lodhi, ruler of Sultanpur. On his hill state, who fought against the army ofGuru persuation, Guru Nanak Dev accepted the offer to become Daulat Khan's storekeeper. Gobind Singh in the battle ofBhangalt1i. "jEmal kop cd<;l.hyo I'dI). me kar me bdI'chi tIrchi gdhI See~~~. Hni." -gurusobha. ~ [jEll A ~tj n corner of a cloth or a garment, ih-Rmfur [jEmdlsfghl This Kanheya chief was covering woman's head. 2 line, queue, group. a wealthy person of Fatehgarh (district 3 territory, district, an administrative unit. Gurdaspur). With great pomp and show the 4 adv beneath, below. marriage of his daughter, Chand Kaur, was ~ [jEladaI'] P .Ij~j n supervising incharge solemnized with prince Kharag Singh, son of of village headmen; administrative official of Maharaja Ranj it Singh, on February 6, 1812. an area, who works under a tehsildar and other This marriage was graced by the rulers of officers of the district. Phulkian clan, Bhai Sahib of Kaithal and Sir H- ~ [jE VI jE] See R"!if "fui::rl;r. David Octorlony, a representative of the 'ft [jo], ~. [jou] pron whosoever. "jo all'l so Governor General. Maharani Chand Kaur sabhko jasi."-g<Ju cMt m 3.2 short for jOI and gave birth to Naunihal Singh. See CSOT fifur, tk ~ [joru]. See Rft:B". 3 P F.t [zo] short for az-o, ~,~fifur. from, from that, from whom. 4 S of. See HfaH. ffirrw [jEmala] n garland of victory; garland ~ [joaIl'l] fastened to plough, yoked. "mE put around the neck of a victor in a battle or in sat ka halu joaIa."-sri m 5 pEpaI. a competition for the selection of her spouse ~ [joani] n youthfulness, youth. "rupv;:}t by a damsel. joani."-asa m 5. iffi..Ifo [jEmInI] a scholar amongst the: disciples Hft:! [jOI]pron whosoever, that, which. "cakaru of Vyas, who was a famous religious teacher ta tera SOI hOVE jOI sahajI samavae."-v<JQ chat of the earlier Hindu phillosophy. Ashvmedh m 1. 2 n S wife, spouse. Skt RTilT A --?1) "ghar written by Jemini, is quite different from ki jOI gavai thi." -g5Q namdev. See Rfu crm.:r. Ashvmedh Parav ofMahabharat. It has many 3 adv having explored, inquired, searched. acecdotes which vary from those in "bed puran sabh dekhe jOI."-b<Jsat ramanad. Mahabharat. Sumantu, son ofJeminii, was also ~ [jOIO], Rfu>w [jOIl'l] fastened to plough; a great scholar. Skt -Gfq~3" "hEvar bnkh jOIO."-gau m 5.

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"phUI phUI jani jaIa."-maru m 5. 2 P V~ searcher, discoverer. See Fh!teo. ~ [jOIa] P U~? while discovering ar searching. ilfuJ:ft [jOIsi] astrologer. "p~<;lIt padhe jaIsi." -asa d m 1. 2 will find, will search. 3 will see.
See~.

'ilre'

lffi1j [jaI khClsClmu] a hymn of Kabir in Basant Rag. 1 jOI khClsClmu hE jaIa, 2 putI bapu khelaIa,. 3 bInu sravDa khiru pIlaIa, ... ~. 4 sutI muklai Clpni mau, mft [jail pron who, whoever. "jai jai jana sai 5 paga bInu huria marta, sai phatIa."--mala ravidas. 2 n wife, consort 6 badnE bInu khu khu hasta, spouse. "kavan purakh ki joi." -asa kdbir. 7 nfdra bInu naru pE saVE, 3 adv having explored or verified. "~Clgle mE 8 bInu basan khiru bIlavE, dekhe jai."-maru m 5. See Fh!teo. 4 fastened, 9 bInu ClsthCln gau l;weri, coupled. 5 wherever I see. "jai sai muh [0 pE<;le bInu bat ghClneri. ... khClra."-var maru 2 m 5. This means that as utterances written in ~ [joiE] wherever we glance. 2 wherever this verse are impossible to happen, likewise we search. See H-ett:o. "gursClbdi dClr jaiL" the achievement ofspiritual knowlege without -maru am 1. a mentor is incomplete. Some sectarian - ~ [jaidCln] I: t,;}-i? v search, find, discover. scholars interpret them as under: itA' [jas], HH [jo~] A J? n .ebullience. 2 anger. 1 The woman (maya) has given birth to "uthyo katocan jos."--VN. 3 Skt affection. husband (God), which means that the 4 comfort. distinction between creature and the Creator fusr [josta] Skt ~ n the woman who serves; is ofillusion only. wife. "mIli jasta balClk gad."-GPS. See~. 2 The son compelled the father to dance to tlJ:iit!r [jo~ada] P ~,,~? adj boiled. 2 n decoction; his own's tune i.e. human beings kept the herbs or drugs decocted in water. Creator engrossed in nourishing his creatures. Fffi:r itfi:r [josI SOSI] Skt Whosoever 3 (Maya) fed milk without teats (nipples). you are, so you are i.e. 'You alone know lIIusion kept the human beings engrossed in yourself.' "~ri nanak ja hClmre svami. josI SOSI enjoyment of worldly pleasures. hE ~tClrjami."-NP. 4 The son (creature) exploited his mother Hf1'I'aT [jasIta] See ~. (illusion) for his carnal desires. fh:it [josi] astrologer. 2 a subcaste of Brahmans 5 The mind is without feet, still its leaps from Maharashtra. 3 a subcaste of Brahmans have no bounds. from the hills; jo~i. 6 The mind is without mouth, still it laughs it'f.lleo [josIdan] P t,;}~? v encourage, boil. boisterously i.e. gloats over wordly pleasures. 2 get excited. 3 get boiled.

7 I-Iuman beings, in fact, are devoid afsleep (ignorance) butare still drowsing. 8 The utensil is withoutthe body but is still involved in worldly pleasures. 9 A cow is without any nipple but (illusion) is still supplying milk (material pleasures). 10 The creatures are free from transmigration, but still pass through 84 lacs births. ~ [jofda] P ~~? adj who discovers, finds, searches, "hau jofda sacc da."-mdgo. See

msrn msrn

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ffir [johl n surveillance, supervision. "CUkE jam ki Joh. "-bavdn. See ;:htTt:i'i. 2~ search, exploration. "pargnh Joh na cukE. "'-d'h;ma m 5. 3 wait, expectation. irnfu [johahIl sees. "taruD teju partrIa mukh johahI."-sri beDi. ~ [johaDul S v harm. 2 compete. 3 bury. 4 Sec itJo. irno [johatl See Rufu. 'ffi:r3t [johtil sees. "mukh kau johti."-plwnhe m5. ffirt!' [johad] See ~. itJo [johanl, ih:JoT [johnal v see; look. 2 search, explore. 3 wait, expect. 4 occur, happen. S See~. "johan pap bIdaran kau."--sdvEye sri mukhvak m 5.. il'mr [joharl, R~ [joharl n pond containing water; unlined pool, pit. Hu;1WFiJ8 [johrsahIbl, Rtr;f tft [johar ji] a gurdwara of Guru Nanak DI~v situated under police station Dharampur, tehsil Kandaghat of Patiala state. It is about eight to nine miles from the railway stations of Dharampur and Kumarhatti. Guru Nanak Dev visited this place while imparting his message. He dug out water just by lifting a stone on the request ofMahia Gujjar of the area. There is a smalll concrete pond at this place now and is known as Mahia Johar. A gurdwara has been buillt nearby. A large tract of hilly land is attached to the gurdwara. The priest of this gurdwara is Ramraia ofHaripur Daun. He has popularised this holy place in the name of Baba Jawahar Singh which is misleading. A religious congregation is held in the months of J eth and Kattak. Food is served free to all. ffiJr [joha] n search, exploration. SeeHiJ. "man ki nIt joha."-var ram 2 m 5. R'U"O [johar] salutation, greeting. See UUTO. "sada sada takau johar."-bhET m 5. "tIsu johari

suasatI tISU. "-var asa.

#fu [johIl See flu. 2 having seen. 3 having

explored.
2 disappeared. "katu mIlIo mero sabh dukhu johIo,"---asa m 5. See ;:run. itfu>w [johu] See ih:JoT. 2 disappeared. "han kathI lagI sohn dokh sabhI john."-sri chat m 5. See ffifO. Rm [johil See ih:JoT. 2 who gazes constantly; onlooker. "parghar johi nie sanat."-sri m 1. ftfr [johel seen, See ih:JoT. "nIt johe jamjale." -sri m 3. ~ [johEl See ih:JoT. 2 affect. "matgarabh mahI aganI na johE."-g5c;f m 5. im [johal See ih:JoT. 2 See NtJ7i". "jIsu SUDIE manI hOI l"ahasu atI rIdE man dukh joha." -sar m 5. 'Worry disappears.' 3 <:rhi whatsoever I am. ;:rn- [jokl Skl;::5w n leech; a creature living in water and at humid places, having the shape of a bag or sac. It sucks blood by clinging to the body. Many people get their contaminated blood extracted with its help. The leech is also named as blood sucker, carnivore, penetrator. "jIukusti tanI jok."-sarsurdas. e.g. 'A leech sucks only contaminated blood.' Hl:f [jokhl SkI i31'f (vr - estimate, assess) n weight, measure. 'tl'1fc!' [jokhaJ.;d, ~ [jokhl).al, ~ [jokhal).ul v weigh. Seeittf. inm [jokhaml See Rir. ~ [jokhItl, itfu3r [jokhIta] woman, wife. See fl1::Br. "bahu jokhta jor su sil vIhina."-NP. "jokhIt purkhan ke hUI sajan."-sdloh. iffi:o.r [jokhIml See AA'. ~ [jokhivdEl get weighed. "kIU bol hOVE jokhivdE?"--var ram 3. 'How can the Guru's words be weighed?' 'ffif' [jokhol n worry, anxiety. 2 fear, terror,

H-fu'i [jOhIOl See ih:JoT.

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scare. 3 fear of adversity. 4 wealth, riches.

1350

HdlHdlJj a [jogjogesvar] n god ofyogis practising

RoT [jog] or 'fiQ.r [jogu] part to, for e.g "IIkhtam

uttamsfgh, jog bhai gurumukh sfgh." 2 for, for the sake of, on account of. "man mahI jhun: ramcadu sita lachamal). jogu. "-sava m I. 3 Sktitor:;r adjproper, reasonable. "nanak sada dhIaiE dhIavan jog."-sukhmani. 4 Skt itOT n one of the six schools of Hindu philosophy-a sacred work by sage Patanjali for cultivating the concentration of mind. 1 See itOT. "jog dhIan gurugIan."-sdvEye m I k e . 5 combination of planets; relationship, association. "uttam jog paryo In ESO."-GPS. 6 This word is also used for itrit [jogi]. "satIgur jog ka taha nIvasa, jah aVIgat nathu agam dhani."-ram m 5.7 Getting engrossed in the Almighty by meditating on His Name is also termed as ROT [jog] in Gurmat. See lFfCToT,
~,~and~.

HOT ml'OT [jog sajog] n proper relationship,

legitimate relationship.

RoT m=taft [jog sajogi]

adj legitimately related,

having forged properly relationship. "nanak ape jog sajogi."-suhi cMt m 1. 2 involved with yog. R~ [jogkari] adj one who practises yog. "munI fdramaha sIvjogkari."~savEyemIke. RoT ihf [jog khem], Ror ~ [jog chern] Skt iter m-r n procurement ofmaterial objects and their protection; acquiring the object not achieved so far and protecting what has been achieved. Hdltldld [jogjugat], Hdltldl3 1 [jogjugtal, Hdltldl3ifa [jogjugtan] adj engrossed in yog. "jogjugat nisani."-guj m 5. "tuhi mukad jogjugtarI." -g5c;l rdvrdas. Hdltldlfa [jogjugatI] n method of yog; scheme ofyog; type of yogic practice. "jogjugatI SUnI aIo guru te."-gau m 5. "ajan mahI nIrajanI rahiE jogjugatI tau paiE. "-suhi m I.

yog; lord of master yogis like Shiv etc-the Creator. "namo jogjogesvra."-japu. R'arc!t [jogl).i] See Rfarcft. ilcIr3<!" [jogtal).] n ability, talent, competence. "sabh jogtal). ramnamu hE."-asa kabir. HdlC'lf.l1ij [jogan~;ah] See Ror- ft:fur. itaTfo [joganI] n yogi's wife. 2 a lady practising yog. 3 Ghor Devi, always in attendance upon Durga, who in the battlefield sucks blood of the warriors. itarf7l!~T [jognfdra] n enchanted sleep, light sleep; that state of the Creator during which He is in a state of void, having absorbed His creation. 2 deep meditation in yog. 3 halfawake stage, wakeful slumber. 4 Durga. itarfofi:r [jognIdhI] treasure of yog. 2 the true Master. 3 the Creator. "sahaj jognIdhI pavau."-asa m I. 4 a rare hand-written manuscript of Guru Granth Sahib preserved in the house of Bhai Buta Singh, hakim of Rawalpindi, which contains Rangmala Jognidhi, a composition in 98 hymns. Its first and final hymns are: "agasi guru bhana nir, ta me kamal bahut bIsthir, bhaura lubdha taki gadh, nanak bolE bIkhami sadh. (I) ... sabad guru kE bInu kachu na SUjhE, sabad guru kE bInu bolE bujhE, sabad guru kE je manu lavE, nanak so nar paramgatI pavE. (98) ilarirft [jogni] See Horfo and itfuJol. 2 Skt -m-fTr::1, yogi, engrossed in practising yog. "Ih bIdhI hE man jogni."-ram m 5. ~ [jogmaIa], R-a1ww [jogmaya] n The Creator's might with which He creates the world. 2 Durga; goddess. 3 a particular goddess; close to Kutab Minar in Delhi, is situated the temple ofthis goddess popularly

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cohabit with her, against the tenets ofthe Sikh known as Jog Maya temple. religion. He reached the house of the harlot ~ [jogvEl practises yog. "jogi hOVE jOgVE, but, the Guru in the guise of a gatekeeper, kept bhogi hOVE kha I."-suhi In 1. ffiJIT [jogal adjable, talented, intelligent. "prabhu guard throughout the night so as to save his sablma gala joga jiu."-majh m 5. 2 n a village in most devoted follower from this repugnant act. When Bhai Joga Singh saw three or four times tehsil and police station Mal1lsa ofdistrict Bamala the gatekeeper standing vigilant at the door, in Patiala state. It is about nine miles southhe moved towards Anandpur cursing himself west of railway station Tappa. WhUe blessing the Malwa region, Guru Teg Bahadur visited for his hei:nous thought and begged pardon for this village that has donatl;)d 23 ghumaons of his sin in the court of the Guru. land to the gurdwara. The priest is a Sikh. In Peshawar the shrine raised in memory ffiIJTfifur [jogasfghl son of Bhai Gurmukh of of Bhai Joga Singh is very famous. The Asia mohalla in Peshawar, who adopted residents of the area remember him as Jogan Sikhism after being baptised by Guru Gobind Shah too. Singh. "jogasfgh lakhi gatI soe. Considering him the most obedient and mamhIt cobdar guru hoe. deserving disciple, Guru Gobindl Singh always samajh varta cami paryo. kept Bhai Joga Singh in his attendance. Once dhan prabhu de hath ubryo. Bhai Gurmukh requested the Guru to allow his ap saman na apar knpala. son Joga Singh to get married in Peshawar. sada das ke ban rakhvala. The Guru permitted Joga Singh to do so, butto tajhU jIthai SIkh ke karan. test his loyalty, a written command was handed jyo kyo karhO das udharan.-GPS. over to one ofthe disciples with the instruction HdllQIJI [jogadharil adj one who adopts yog; that this be delivered to Joga Singh only when practitioner of yog. "sudar jogadhari jiu." he had completed the first ~ [pheraJ, first -maru m 1. ritual circumambulation. The discipk: foil lowed Hfar [jog I 1 See Raft. 2 adj capable, proper, the order accordingly and handed over the intelligent, deserving. 3 through yog; by yog. Guru's command to Joga Singh. This was an HfarnIr [jogIal to the capable. "gaiE ratI dmat instruction from the Guru for Joga Singh to gava!). jogIa."-var ram 2 m 5.2 vocative, '0, return to Anandpur immediately on readiing the the capable!' order. So Joga Singh left for Anandpur and 'Hfai'tr [jogfdrallord of yogis. 2 Gorakh Nath. the remaining three circurnamubulation were 3 Shiv. 4 Baba Sri Chand. performed with his girdle (waistband) to Hfai;r' [jogIdral adjofthe lord of yogis; relating complete the marriage cenemony. to Gorakh; ofGorakh. "darsanu bhekh karahu On his way back to Anandpur, Bhai Joga jogfdra. ",-sIdhgosatI. Singh became vainglorious, thinking himselfan tffiJro9" [jog mil See 'Gtftno't. exceptional disciple who could foHow such an Haft [jogil Skt ~ adj one who practises yog. order ofhis Guru. When he reached Hoshiarpur 2 n a person engrossed in the soul; enlightened he was tempted by the beauty of a harlot. He one. "Esa jogi vag bhagi bhetE maIa ke badhan got so excited that he made up his mind to katE."-gau m 5. "parnfda ustatI nalu jakE

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kacan loh samano. harakh sog te rahE atita jogi tahI bakhano."--dh;ma m 9. See -Groft. 3 In Gorakh Nath's view, one who wears yogi's dress and practises hathyog. "jogi jagam bhagve bhekh. "-basat m I. 4 one who is conversant with 27 yogs including Vishkumbh; an astrologer. "thItIvaru na jogi jal).E rutI mahu na koi. "-japu. 5 adj competent, intelligent. "asa vekhejogi vasatu na kai."-BG. 6 as much as, of as much quantity (as). il'CIft>,fT [jogia] adj one who practises yog. 2 relating to a yogi. 3 yog practitioner. "jogi adan jogia."-sri m I. 4 n yogi. 5 saffron-coloured. iloft>,fT -e- ~ tf'8' [jogii de bara path] See W'i'fiJ 2. ~ [jogisar], ~ [jogisv<:lr] adj lord of yogis, chief of yogis, prominent among yogis. 2 n Shiv, who is lord of all the yogis. "jogisar pavahI nahi tua gUl). kathan apar."-gau ravrdas. 3 Gorakh Nath. tia"fil'5' [jogitIlla] a mountain range in district of Jehlam, the highest peak of which is 3242 feet. There are many important places ofyogis like Balgundai etc on these hills. Guru Nanak Dev arrived here to preach to the yogis ways to attain self-realisation. A sacred place still exists there in his memory. See ~~. "AQr [jogu] See R<rr 4. "jogu na bhagvi kapri, jogu na mde vesI. nanak ghan bEthIa jogu paiE satIgur kE updesI."-sava m 3. 2 adj competent, intelligent. "mmo jogu kitoi." -mUdaVI,li m 5. "apahI karnEjogu."-bavan. ~ [jogesur] n lord of yogis, Krishan. 2 Shiv. 3 See ~ and ~. fuilo [jogen] after doing yog. "jogen kf, jagen kf?"-gujjEdev. fior.;r [jogy] See 'GtarJr. #tro [jojan] n measure of distance equal to four kohs. See -Gr'ffi'i for its complete derivation. "barah jojcln chatru calEtha. "---dh;ma namdev.

See~.

ffi::rr [joja] a subcaste of Rajputs. 2 See Rw. Rftr3' [jojIt] adjjo (woman) + jIt (conquered).
one, who has been won over by a woman. "jojIt jag apan na kahEYE."-Carrtr 33. 2 Skt ~ combined, connected, related. He [jot], Rzr [jota], RZt [joti] Skt ~ n pair, couple. 2 companion, partner. ~ -e- 'f.I1I't!" [jotia de $abad] n verses' which are sung by two groups of singers, one line is sung by one group, the same is repeated by the second group. Baba Bhuddha initiated this tradition and concept. il3" [jot] Skt mfo n light, shine, glitter, lustre. 2 adj fastened, yoked. "jEse brrakh jati jot." -keda ill 5. 'like the ox firmly fastened to the yoke.' 3 n strap used to yoke an animal firmly. 'ffim [jotas], R3J:ft [jotsi], ~ [jotak], R30it [jotki] Skt "i'lJ1f3"19' astrology and possessor of its knowledge, astrologer. See Hf3I:r. "pap pap paQIt jotki vad karahI vicar."-sri m 3. ftac!r [jotl).al, R-3or [jotna] v fasten, plough; tie with a yoke (for ploughing). "h,al jOtE udamu karE."-gau ill 4. il~ [jotvIkas] See i~ ~. 2 selfrealisation; spiritual knowlege. iffi:r [jotI] Skt r:Qfu n light, flash. "na suraj cad na jotI apar. "-guj a m I. 2 miraculous intelligence. "jal).ahu jOtI, na puchahu jati." -Asa m I. 3 fire. "jotI $at jImI van kar." -sa10h 4 sun, moon and planets. 5 God; true Master. "sabh mahI jOtI jotI hE SOI."-sohr1a. 6 spiritual light, self-realisation. "pragti jotI mItIa adhIara."-prabha kabir. "puran jotI jagE ghat me."-savEye 33. 7 moonlight. 8 eyesight. "nman jotI gai ghatkE."--GPS. Rfa"R" [jotIS] Skt ~ n a branch of knowledge about speed, distance and other properties of the sun, the moon, and the planets etc; astronomy. 2 science giving knowledge ofgood

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or bad effects of the planets; astrology. Astrology is one ofthe six sections ofVeds. It tells us about the good or bad times for performing oblation or any other rituals. ~ [jotIsarupl, Rf31~l.IT [jotISClrupil, ~ [jotIsvarupl, ~g-l.IT [jotIsvarupil n God, manifested as light-the Transcendent One. "jotIsarup sada sukhdata." -maru solhe m 1. "jotIsarupi sabh jag maulO."-maTu sollIe m 5. "nav kh;'iQ mahI jotIsvarupi rahIo bhan." -s;:lVEye m 5 ke.. ilfda' [jotIkl See Rf3F:r. "jotIJk janahI, b;:Jhu bahu bIakarna."-asa kabir. tlfucit [jotIkil See Rom. ~ [jotIjutl adj lit; with light. ~ [jotImatnl in the hymn oftlhe radiant God; in the true Vaheguru. "jotIm~jtn manu asthuu karE. "--bhEr a kabir. ~<lT [jotulIgl Skt mrrfc'lim::rr n per Shiv Puran, a glorious lig of Shiv like kalaganI, created only to dispel the vanity of Brahma and Vishnu for neither ofthem coulcllocate its end points. 2 according to Vaidya Nath Mahatam it is the name given to one oftwelve lfgs of Shiv. See ~ fi:rw. ~ [jotIrupl See ~'l.f 1. "jot:[rup han apI."-SavEye m 5 ke. 'il3t [jotil See RE. 2 giver of light to the human body (mortal frame); human soul. "sabh teri jotI joti vich vartahI."-var kal1l m 4. 3 the Transcendent One. "tIU joti S;'igI jotI s;:>mana." -sukhmani. 4 self-knowledge, spiritual knowledge. "joti hu prabhu japdla."-sri m 3. 5 See trfu". 'ffiflmr [jotisarl a pond three kohs from Thanesar in district Kamal, where Krishan gave Arjun Geeta sermon before the start of war between Pandavs and Koravs. A majestic Geeta Bhawan has been constructt:d near the Kurukshetar pond by the devotees to mark this

significant event. Guru Amar Das and Guru Gobind Singh also visited this place. Jyotisar is located on Pehowa road at a distance of six miles to the west of Kurukshetar railway station. it3t HVl.f ijoti sarupl n the radiant Creator. 2 a gurdwara in Sirhind where Mata Gujri and two younger sons of Guru Gobind Singh were cremated. See ~ and ~. Hd1Hfa [jotijotIl n the Creator who provides light to a lamp; the Transcendent One; God, who provides brilliance to miraculous objects like the sun, fire etc. "jotijotI mIlI, jotI samal).i."--tukha ch;it m 4. 2 adj illuminator, emitter of light. "jotijotI mIlE bhagvan. "-asa am3. HdlHfa m~ [jotijotI samaul).al v (for the individual light (soul)) to merge with the eternal light (supreme soul); for the living soul to merge with its creator. "jOtijotI samani."-sor namdev. 2 merging ofthe ten Gurus with their origin-the Transcendent One-after giving up their mortal frame; pass away. ~ [jot;'imali] n source of the rays-sun. Hoi [jotyal Skt ,,-mru1S1r;:\'t adj luminous. illuminated. "jen kala saSI sur mkhyatr joty;'i." -sahas m 5. ~ [jodril, ~ [jodrial, ~ [jodril, ~ [jodrial See 'tf')'e'. "mohan, ghan avahu karau jodria."-sar m 5. "gur agE karI jodri."-gau am4. ftq [jodhl Skt n warrior, fighter. "bvan jodh jo kal s;'igharE."-SIdhgosatI. 2 a Jatt belonging to Khahira subcaste, who was an ardent devotee of Guru Nanak Dev. 3 a cook of Guru Amar Das. 4 a Brahman, who acquired spiritual knowledge after becoming a follower of Guru Arjan Dev. 5 See ~. 6 See go'T (f).7a mJhaband d(;:)votee of Guru Gobind Singh, who was a resident of Kotkamal. The

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Guru forgave him while punishing the other Guru Arjan Dev; he rendered great service preacher-cum-collectors. 8 a subcaste of during the construction ofAmritsar. 3 a mas;'id Rajputs. 9 Dg son, male child. 10 a village, ofTulaspur, who was a follower ofGuru Arjan eleven kohs away from Ludhiana, where Guru Dev. Gobind Singh stayed for a few days after ~ [jodhatak] n killers of a warrior - sword leavingAlamgir. See ~ 3. and arrow. -s;mama. R'QY'ij' [jodhpur] a capital city of a state in HQlij1e! [jodhabai] daughter of Maldev, Rana Rajputana, founded by a Rajput named Jodh ofJodhpur, who was married to emperor Akbar in Sammat ISIS Bikrami. in 1569 AD. 2 Balmati, the daughter ofUday ~ [jodhraI], Rt:RJTliI" [jodhray] or ~rr Singh, king of Jodhpur, whom many writers [rayjodh] prominent warrior, Mahar Mittha, mention as Jodha Bai. She was married to belonging to Dhaliwal subcaste. Jodhray was Jahangir in 1585 AD. She gave birth to his decendant who became the chiefofKangar Shahjahan. and Dina. He embraced Sikhism on the Rtft [jodhi] Skt mfU;:r, adj fighter, warrior. persuasion of his wife (who herself was the Hit ~ 1,f0lPit eft gcrIT [jodhE virE purbaI).i ki daughter of a Sikh) and became a follower of dhuni] See '9'"i'i't (1). Guru Hargobind. He always had an armed Ho [jon] See Hfo. 2 See Ro. 3 moonlight. force of 500 mounted soldiers with him. #fo [jom] Sktiiifon birth; creation. "parbraham parmesur jonI na avai."-var maru 2 m 5. Jodhray fought for the Guru, alongwith his 2 vagina. 3 womb, uterus, pregnancy. "jonI force, in the battle ofGurusar. His grandsons, chaq jau jag rnahI aIa."-gClu kClbir. 4 reason, Samir and Lakhmir, accorded great reception cause. 5 source of life; mine of life. and hospitality to Guru Gobind Singh during the latter's long stay in their village. The holy Hfoll1l"S' [jomsIla] Skt GifoFf.ll"S' n sexual urge, a religious seat ofSati Devi, located in Assam. place where the Guru stayed is now converted "jIh nar ko dhanvan takavE. jonIsIla mahI into a gurdwara named. Lohgarh. Jodhray's tilhI phasavE."-CClrItr 266. There is a slit in genealogy is as under. the shape of a vagina passing through which Mittha Mahar l I people feel themselves liberated from the Chainbeg cycle of rebirth. The priests ofthe temple play I such a trick that they get the person entangled Vmar Shah in the slit whom they desire and release him I Jodhray or her after extorting large amount of money. I ilo1 [joni] See Hfo. "so mukhu jalau jItu bhahI Phatta thakuru joni."-bhEr m 5.2 by virtue of. "joni I Samir, Lakhmir & Takhat Mal akul nn;'ijan gaIa."-maru solhe m 1. Hw [jodhal Skt <ffiID warrior, fighter, valiant il7fta'rc [jonibat] n transmigratory cycle in person. 2 from Dhutta subcaste, a devotee of which an unliberated soul wanders (as per Hindu mythology), in cycles of births and 'Akbar married his daughter and gave him the title of deaths. "bahurI na aVE jonibat,"-bhEr kClbir. Mahar. He was also given Kangarh subdivision as a ~ [jonimat] See J-f"Z. tief.

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il-er [noph]

A ~ n weakness. 2 laziness.

bully.

t.ld i iiildrnUnrrl:1T [zoravdrsfgh baba] son of Guru 3 old age, senescence. itao [jobcm] Skt iko n youthfu lness, young age. Gobind Singh, who was born to Mata Jeeto on Maghar sudi 3, Sammat 1753 Bikrami in "joban dhan prabhuta ke mad me ah]: n:CSI rahe Anandpur. He was martyred on the order of dIvana."-dhcma m 9. Vazirkhan subedar of Sirhind on Poh 13, itao ~ [joban bahIkram] See :afuiC31f. itao~ [joban balari] adjyoung girl. "mudh Sammat 1761 Bikrami. Many historians mention his death by stacking into the wall of joban balrie."-asa chat mI. il~ [jobanbala] adj young boy. "pHU the fort. The memorial in honour of his martyrdom raliala jobanbala."-dhcma chat m 1. is named as Fatehgarh while the place of his ASMifa [jobanvan] adj young (female). cremation is known as Jyotisarup. il~3' [jobanvat] adj male of young age, youth. "jobanvat aear kulina."-gau a In 5. itfu [jon] pair, couple. "pai jon bat Ik kini." ~ [jobnatatak] n killer of youth -- old -asa kabir. 'Unity is like a pair of shoes.' age; and its destroyer, nect:u.-sanama. 2 adv by putting together. "jon jon dhan ftao'rfu' [jobnan] a female in young age. "maM kia."-sor kabir. 3 jointly. "gur ki sardl)I rahau kdr jon."--g5Q m 5. with folded hands. rupvati maha jobnara."-gyan. 2 n old age; senescence which is enemy of youth. 4 forcibly, by force. "jon ehali eadravalI." -scmama. -var asa. itafo [joban:c] n youth, young age. "jab lagu tTfa- [jono], Afu>w [jona] added, combined, jobanI sasu hE."-sri m 4 vaIJ.jara. 2 adv due united. "joi joi jono soi soi phatIO."-mala to youth, from young age. 3 of youth. "jaru ai ravidas. 2 deposited, collected. jobanI hana."-var asa. ~ [jone] by collecting, on collecting, on il'SQ [jobanu] See R''87i. "jobanu ghate jarua combining. "sakat SIU mukhI jone."-brla jil)E."-sri m 1 pahare. m5. ffif [jom] A (J n ambition, excitement. 2 ego, 'il'at [jori] See R;ft. 2 attached. "OtI pOtI bhagtan pride, arrogance. 3 zeal, enthusiasm. sagI jori."-gau m 5. 3 collected, deposited. "dokh kan kan jori."-brha chatm 5. collected 'fh;r [joy] See A-fu-. 'ffir [jar] or itg [joru] n joint, junctiion, union. money by committing sins. 4 n oppression, high-handedness. "jori kie julam hE."-5 k<Jbir. "tu tat nahi jor."-kan m 5. "re man mere til harI 5 adv forcibly; unjustly. "jori mage dan ve sIujoru."-gauam 5.2 P .JJ] n might, strength. lalo!"-trlag m 1. 'Babar, the bridegroom, "jor julam phulahI ghal)o."--bavan. 3 See Rfu'. ilao [joran], ~ [jorna] v add, save. "dhan forcibly asks for the bride's offer.' Here joran kau dhaIa."-sor m 9. 2 put together, marriage is a metaphor only. itg [jaru] See 'ffir. "jIsu rathI joru kdn vekhe collect. ftar [jora] n pair, two objects. 2 a pair of shoes. sOI."-japu. "nandk tdgU nd tutai je tagI hove 3 dress. "jora ek banavat bhae."-carrtr 122. joru."-var asa. 4 of wives or women. "mcmmukha de SIn itg 'R"a'fu' [joru sdkdtI] force and prowess, strength and courage. "joru sakdtI nandk kIehu jora amar he."-var gau 1 m 4. nahi."-toQi m 5. ~ [zoravar] P .JJlf.JJ] adjpowerful, mighty,

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'ffCf
carnival. 2 fast friendship.

[jorul n wife, spouse, better half. 2 woman, lady. "jIu joru snnavDi aVE varovan."-var asa. i'tij- [jorol See ~. "mukh joro."-kan m 5. 'live collectively.' 2 See~. h [joll See t.n? and ~. ~ [jolaDul, R"l?o [jolanl v go, walk, move. "jolIkE, kE galI lagE dhaI."-s farid. "jo gur dase bat murida joliE."-asa sekh .farid. ri, [jolal, ~ [jolahral, ~ [jolahal weaver of clothes. See tfwtJT. Per Brahmavaiverat Puran, lola caste was born of the womb of a weaver's daughter from a barbarian father. "nic kula jolahra."-asa dhana. "nama chiba kabir jolaha."-sri a m 3. ~ [jolIkE] having gone or walked. See~. ~ [joliE] let us go. See ~. m [jovaDl See ~. Hiii!c!ijlij [jovaDharl adj onlooker. 2 one who yokes or unites. Hiii!C!iii!'g [jovaDvaru] n a feeding ritual; ritual of taking meals; according to Hindu mythology, the ceremony offeeding food for the first time to an infant in his sixth or eighth month. "jovaDvaru namkaraD."-ram m 5 bano. iNar [jovDal v see, look. See Rcfteo'. 2 yoke, harness. "jovahI kup sican kau basudha." -asa m 4. "jo terE ragI rate se jonI na jovDa." -var guj 2 m 5. [jovan] See R"ao. 2 See ~. ;l;r [jor] n sum (of numbers), total, addition. 2 knot, stitch, solder. 3 body joints like elbow, knee etc. 4 comparison, match. 5 tactic, trick. 6 See ~. ~ [jortor] n creation and destruction, growth and decay. permutation and combination. 2 acceptance and contradiction. 3 a herb, which is used to treat mercury. il;rcr)r [joranal v combine, mix. 2 deposit, collect. 3 add, total.

'ili'

;l;nf~ [jormel] n gathering, congregation,

~ [jormelanil n xa needle.

;l;p- [joral n pair of shoes. 2 dress, a heavy

shawl (usually equal to two thin shawls). "sac bhojan jore."-gau var 2 m 5.3 two objects, pair. 4 male and female. 'ftf;r [jorIl having joined. "jorI vIchore nanak thapI."-asa m 5. ihit [joril brought together. "jori jurE na tori tutE." -gau kabir. 2 n companion, social acquaintance. "hanname ke hovahu jori." -basat m 5.3 partner,joint owner. 4 matching, equivalent. 5 a pair of two (male and female etc). 6 tambourine (pair of small drums), a pair ofone sided drums, comprising one sound bass and other tenor. Hi [jorul adj which connects; (one) that binds. 2 n miser, who never spends and always hoards. R [j:>l part if, provided, in case. "j:> raju dehI ta kavan bac;l.ai."-guj namdev. 2 n barley. P j. 3 adv when, whenever. R' [jSl See R 2. ~ [j:>u1 See ~ and R. Ru'o [j:>har] n pond, tank. See ~. 2 A fi ft pearl. 3 precious stone, gem, jewel. 4 raw material, e.g cotton for cloth, iron for a sword etc. 5 merit, quality. 6 an old ritual "jivhar" in Rajputana, from which the. word j:>har is derived. Due to a threat from the enemy, wives faithful to their husbands would put an end to their families, with weapon or fire. This ritual is called j:>har. See ~. 7 oxides of steel, iron oxide. 8 sublimation ofmedicine. ;lmft [j:>hri] n jeweller, connoisseur and trader ofjewels. h [j:>kl T Jft n army, military, armed forces. 2 group, gang, crowd, swarm. 3 A J,j tasting. 4 happiness, ecstasy. 5 feeling ofspiritual bliss.

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3 roz maya dunia uphtadam "lakhyo ap ne apan apa su jJk."--GPS. $aba$ be-adli $ab$aham, R;:r [jJjl A r:,.,j n husband. 4 kan! gurez makun tu byaxu$ irnu [zJjah], Rw [zJja] A ~Ij n wife. Ro lj;m] pron which, that. 2 who, that. "nid mat kunem jI jag guaham, ustatI jJn ke sam."-hajare 1 O. 3i n See ~ This means: 1 Kalayavan came to the battlefield and (~). 4 moonlight. "taha cadra ki m j:m hE." said, "I am the commander of the army." -ramav. "barkiratI jJn."-NP. 2 And repeated, "0 Baman! come and ~ [jJnpur] Skt~~ra town on the bank combat with me. Don't have any illusion in of river Gomti, in Benaras division of UP. It is your mind." a district headquarters. Guru Teg Bahadur 3 I, th(~ day, come to the battlefield as the visited this place. A gurdwara naffil~d Sangat sun. I am unique and as the moon, am night's Mridangwali is situated in this town. The Guru husband. stayed at the residence of Gurbax Singh and offered him a mrIdag (a two-sided drum) for 40 Krishan! Don't hesitate. Come joyfully so that wle may win the game of warfare that singing ofhymns. Still it is reverently preserved is so crucial." at this holy place. The scented and perfumed oils ofJaunpur are very popular. 'ifoIorHr [j5gnama] epic ofa battle. 2 Many books of this title are available, which have iW [jJpEl part if, in case, provided. inr [jJb] if now, now if. description of the battle betw.een the army Hso [jJban] n youth. "jJban bahIkram kanlk of Lahore Darbar and British forces. 1 3 a kuc.lIah."-sahas m 5. compostion of thirty-two stanzas by a devotee popularly known as Var Guru Gobind Singh ih?crr [jJIag] adv until, tilL as long as., "ffw [jJIal, Rwo [jJIan] See ffiIw. ji. This depicts a conversation between fm [jJb] See~. emperor Aurangzeb and his daughter R;p- [jJra] n twins, either of the twins, twinZebbunisa, and details of the battle of born. Bhangani. tfar [j5g] P ...L n rust. 2 large bell olr gong, RiITH [jagaml Skt \JjS~1Tl1 wanderer, roamer, aboddess homeless. "asthavar j5gam kit conch shell. "jag ghugharu tall:[ka upjat rag pataga."---g;:w kdbir. 2 a branch of Shaivite an5t."--prichat. 3 island of Zanzibar on the sect. Its ascetics, wear a serpentine cord over east coast of Africa. See ;:faTt and ~Ht Haft. 4 P their head with a metallic moon fitted'in it. ....5. battle, war. ,far ))(IIDfT [jag azma] P 1.;I~ adf one who Instead of heavy earrings they put on brass ornaments decorated with peacock feathers. tries his hand in war; experienced in warfare. They are divided into two classes-unattached tfar~ [j5g darayadl' description of the war ofKalayvan in Krishanavtar ofDasam Granth wanderers and householders (having families). "jagam jodh jati s5nlasi."-maru is given in the following savEye: m 1. 1 jag darayad kaIjam5n, tfar ~ [jag musapha] battlegong, large bell bagoyad ki man pbj ko ~aham, 2 ba man jag bugo kun baya IJangnamas written by Shah Muhammad and Bhai Sahib hargIz dII rna na zara kon va ham, Singh are very famous.

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til"

rung to proclaim war. "jag illusapha vCljjIa." tf<Jftw [jagila] adj warrior, soldier, fighter, -c~cji 3. See ROT and ljFP'G. pertaining to war. 2 rusted. 3 n rust, dirt, filth. tfaR;r [jagCll] or ~ [jagCllu] P ~ n uncultivated "utn: illClndhu jagila."-guj m 5. land, forest. "jagClI jagCllu kIa bhClVClhI?"-S tf~ [jagilat] commander-in-chief of the fClrid. 2 Skt blood. 3 meat, flesh. 4 land without armed forces in India. water, arid land. 5 desert. ;:fur [jagh] Skt ~ n thigh; part of the body tfaR;r WC!" [jagClI jaD-a] v go out for defecation, above the ankle and below the knee; leg. "mi go out to ease oneself, go to the field to excrete nIki jaghiE thCllI QUgClrI bhClVIOillI."-S fClrid. faeces. ~ [jaghva], tfurr [jagha] See tfur. 2 See 1..R:l3loo. . tfaJw [jagla] adj wild. 2 Pg H'oJw - a grille or a tfuiP)l- [jaghiE] with legs. See trur. window fitted with iron bars attached to a tftr [jajl See ~. . corridor or door. ifi:Jra' [jajar], ~ [jajara], ~ [jajal] n mundane 'ifarfg [jagClII] in the forest. 2 See R'orffi. involvement; worldly attachment; chain, tfarl;ft [jagli] adjone who lives in a forest (forest complication. "kClrClill kClrClt jiCl kClU jajar."-asa dweller). 2 barbarian, uncivilized, savage. m 5. "bClhurI bClhurI IClptIo jajara."-suhi m ~ [jagCllu] See tfom. 5. "urjhIo an jajari."-sar m 5. "al jal maIa tfar;rr [jagra] n octroi barrier. 2 octroi collector. jajal."-sukhmClni. 2 human trap; dragnet to entangle human beings. 3 dragnet made by 3 See ~. ifaJr [jaga] n nightwatch or vigil, keeping awake men; plan to entangle. at night. "rCljClnI sClbai jaga."-sar ill 5. 2 thigh, ~ ~ [jajal pClraII] n rope made of paddy leg. "sClhClsrCl sis tClV dhClr tCln jaga."-vIsCln. straw; mesh formed by straw of paddy. "sakClt tfaTra' [jagar] P .I~ adjwarrior. 2 P .I'(j; n rust, jajal pralI pClIa."-ram Cl m 1. 'delicate dirt on metals like iron etc. bondage of illusion, in which one is trapped tfarrl;r [jagal] See tfaTra'. 2 Skt n bridge. 3 dam; due to one's own weakness.' tft:rrlift [jajali] from entanglements, from worldly barrage to stop the flow of water. 'ffarrl;ft [jagali] adjrusted object. 2 rust-coloured. worries. "mClnu jajali vena. "-o~kar. See ~. t.f;:ffir [zajir] P j.; n chain, made of metallic ffirit [jagi] P adj pertaining to war. 2 armed links etc. "jajir badhIkClr khClre kClbir."-bher soldier. 3 Zangi, a resident of Zangvaar. See kClbir. 2 fetter, shackle. tfor 3. ffi:ftdt [jajiri] small chain. See ;:::i';::fur. tlaRa'a l [jagiral).a] a village of Bhatinda tehsil, iftrw [jajua] a Rajput subcaste. division Barnala in Patiala state. Guru Gobind ~ [jajEl] a heavy and long rifle, which was Singh visited this village but no gurdwara has earlier used for long range firing. Its range was been constructed here due to the negligence upto six hundred yards. See ~. of the Sikhs of the surrounding area. An ~ [jaJl] Skt FfOjj" n marriage party, wedding unmetalled structure stands at a distance of procession led by the bridegroom. See Ro. about two kohs from Jangirana. Close to it is a 2 "hClrIjCln mIII jaJl suhadi."-sri chat ill 4. pond named Tilkara belonging to the Sidhu iff [jaJlu] n sacred thread (worn by upper caste caste, whose members come to this pond during Hindus as a mark of initiation). "jIs jaJlu te jClm Navratras to dig out silt from it. sClnmane."-NP.

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;fa [jaQ] n a wild tree, pods of which are used for preparing pickle. The ripe pods are sweet. In Malwa, a dish prepared with its raw pods and curd is considered beneficial for dysentery (diarrhoea). Skt wfT. L Prosopis Spicigera. ~ [jaQsar] See ~. t:f~ [jaQsahIb] that jad, tree (Prosopis Spicigera) under the shadow ofwhiich each of the ten Gurus of Sikhs has taken rest. Many jags are popular in history, a few of which are mentioned below: lOne such jag is at a distance oftwo miles to the north-west ofviUage Gunmati ofdivision Phool in Nabha state, from which a water pitcher was suspended by Bhai Roopa of Tuklani village. He humbly requested Guru Hargobind in Daroli to take rest under that jag tree during the scorching sun at noon and offered cold water to him. Maharaja Hira Singh got constructed a gurdwara at this place. The Nabha state has donated fifty-seven ghumaons of land to this gurdwara. 2 Another such jag is at a distance ofthree kohs to the north-west of village Chamkaur under police station Morinda in Ambala district, under which Guru Gobind Singh took rest for a while after coming out ofthe garhi.. A small gurdwara has been built there. Land measuring 827 bighas is alloted to the gurdwara from the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. The village closeby is also known as Jand Sahib. This holy place is situated twenty-two miles to the east of Doraha railway station. 3 There is a holy place in memory of Guru Har Rai near village Lahi!li Kalan in district Hoshiarpur. Here the icon of a horse is tied to the jag. A beautiful gurdwara has been built there, 27 kanals of land is attached to it. This place is situated at a distance ofeight miles to the south of Hoshiarpur railway station.

4 There is a gurdwara of Guru Gobind Singh one furlong before the village Thehri under police station Kotbhai, tehsil Muktsar district Ferozepur. All the three jags, on which Guru Gobind Singh swung his clothes and weapons, still exist there. Manji Sahib is situated in the centre and a very beautiful gurdwara has also been raised there. At this place Balaknath satisfied his spiritual thirst by listening to Guru Gobind Singh's sermon. This place is one mile to the north of Fakarsar railway station. 5 There is a gurdwara of Guru Gobind Singh one mile to the south of village Dehrikalan in Faridkot state. The Guru took rest under this jag. 25 ghumaons of land is attached to the gurdwara, which is situated 10 miles to the west of Faridkot railway station. ;::rm [jagali] a village under police station Payal, division Sunam in Patiala state. Guru Hargobind stayed at this place for some time. The village: people have donated 25 bighas of a land to the gurdwara, which is situated nine miles to the south-west ofChava Payal railway station. ~ [jagIaDa], ~ [jagIana] an area where jag trees grow (prosopis specigera). 2 a pond, at the bank of which are jag trees. 3 Bhai Santokh Singh refers to jagsar as jaq.IaDa. See ~ 1 (a). "saya same jaI jagIane. bEth-hi sabhIn hakaran thane."-GPS. ~ [ja~~Iala] a village in Amritsar district situated 11 miles to the east ofAmritsar town. See ~ and fodt'l(')l@. ~ [jagIalie] See fi'idt'l(')l@. ifiJt [jagi] small jag tree, Prosopis specigera.
See~.

'ffir [jat] Skt"iFfJ,n living creature, animal. "IkI

jat bharamI bhule."-asa chJt ill 3. 2 Skt
~

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Hi'\"

contrivance. machine. "SUE can bhavaiahI j5t."-var asa. 'Contrivances like plates rotated on a spindle.' 3 musical instrument (wind instrument such as trumpet, clarinet, harmonium). "ham tere j5t tu bajavanhara." -bha m 5. tf30r [jatnaJ living creatures. "j5tna ke hath kaha karta akal ek."-salol1. 2 See tiJ~. tfm [j5tbhekhJ bodied creatures, all living beings. 2 beggar, mendicant. "jat bhekh, tu saphIro data."-suhi chat m 1. ihra" [jatarJ See;:fg and ~. ~ [jatriJ See ~ and tiEft. 2 n astronomical calendar, almanac; a publication containing information regarding zodiac signs and their forecast. ~ [jatriaJ creatures, living beings. "ham kra bapure jatria."-sar m 5. 2 See tiEft. 3 an astrologer having an almanac. tf'3T [jataJ living creature, animal. "utbhuj setaj tere kite jata. "-sor m 1. 2 See tff:;r. 3 See i'f?i3T. ifa'ro [j5tarJ animate creature, living beings. 2 Skt <ian: act of begging. request. tf3t [jatiJ SkI ~::R, adj machinist; one who works with a machine. 2 harmonium player. "jasjatimahIjiusamana."-gaukabir. 'As the tune pervades the harmonium player, so does a living being merge with the Creator.' 3 (yoked to) a machine. "jEse brrakh Fiti jot." -keda m 5. 'as an ox is yoked with the oilpress.' 4 n a device with small and big holes to stretch a wire. ~ [jatuJ See R3". 2 instrument, implement, machine. 3 musical instrument (wind instrument). "jati kE vaSI jatu."-var sor m 4. tf~~ [jatuphaIJ n a very tall tree L Ficus glomerata. See W'80. tf~o't [jatmiJ Skt tiJf2rQ-tiJ~l adj machinist. 2 harmonium player. "ham jatu t1l purakhu jatmi."-brla m 4.

[j5trJ n animal; any living creature. 2 Skt contraption, machine, e.g. body. "jia jatr sabhr tere thape."-majh m 5. 'Individual soul and body are all Thy creations.' 3 harmonium, any (wind) musical instrument like a trumpet, clarinet, harmonium. 4 exorcism, incantation; any ritual supposed to have magical effect. See tiJ~. "na jatr me na tatr me na matr vaSI avai."-akal. 5 SkI birthplace. "jatr hG. na jatr jaki."-akal. ;:ffiJ" [jatrrJ See'tfum. 2 See ~. 3 See ~. tITtt [j5triJ See 'tfum 2. 2 See ;:81. 3 one who knows and practises exorcism. tfu' [jadJ n rope ofa cart or a chariot. 2 machine for making noodles. 3 P ,;;j holy scripture of the Parsees, which was compiled in 600 BC; a critique of Zend popularly known as Zend Avasta or Zend Usta. See ~. ~ [jadustaJ, tfu'~ [jad avastaJ, tkffuJr [j5d aVIstaJ See ~ and tk 3. ffi!a'r [jadraJ See ffiIr. trern [jadvariJ a village five kohs to the west of Anandpur. See ~ 4. trer [jadaJ See *r'. ~ [jadarJ, ~ [jadaraJ, ~ [jadaruJ, ~ [jadalJ P Jl..l>. adj uncivilized, rustic. 2 inebriated. 3 A "Of executioner, hangman. n skinner, murderer, killer. "parra vasr jadar." -sri m 5. "jam jadaru na lagai."-sri m 1. "jagh katbe lage jadar."-GPS. ;::f;r' [jadraJ n lock, padlock. "jadre vajje trrhu jugi."-BG. 'Locked were the treasures ofselfrealisation (spiritual knowledge).' 2 an implement of looking like..L used for raising boundary lines between the fields. tfo [janJ SkI tI7i'Jf n bridegroom. 2 marriage party; persons accompanying the bridegroom; marriage procession. 3 war, battle. 4 backbiting, vilification. 5 rumour; popular gossip. 6 subject, people. 7 adj born, produced. "jahr

tRI

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1361 bhav jan dukkh."-NP. 8 one who is related to some class, caste or nation. 9 See RO. "rnunI jan re."-sClveye rn 4 ke. 10 A ~} doubt, mistrust. ;:for [jana] See RO. "nacati gopijana."-dhClna namdev. 'ifo1 [jani] followers. "vicarI QItha harIj~ni." -var VClQ m 4. tiQ [janhu] See ffiJ. tfci'Ij'5T [janhu sut~], tiQcio:iJT [janhu kanya], ~3"fow [janhu tanIya] See trQ'lJ'elT. ~ [jamU] See tI'o3". ;:fo:;r [jany] See R?i":if. t\1.r [jap] Dg n utterance, sermon. Skt ~. See 'ffi)l..f. ~ [japu], Rtrfu [japahI], Fflfg [japahuJ, tftro [japat], ;:\1.ro [japan], Rtf [japd See Frmf and tl'tf. "jasjapaulahIl).erasan."-scweyem2 ke. 'Sing the praise of Guru Angad Dev.' "toln jas jay jay japahI."-SClveye m 5 ke. '(Thl;JY) sing eulogies?' "ram japahu nIt bhai."--sClveye m 3 ke. 'Recite Ram's name daily.' "j5pat sesphana. "-kCllki. 'Sheshnag utters.' "nanak japE patItpaVcll1."--asa ch5t 5. 'utters , (repeats).' ~ [jabak] See tfgor. [jabar] n a subcaste of Jatts. 2 a village under police station Chhanga Manga, tehsil Chuhanian, district Lahore, situated at a distance of five miles from Chhanga Manga railway station. Guru Arjan Dev visited this place on the request of a follower named Prema. There are two pilLars situated at this place. People call them Dukhnivamn (reliever of grief) and believe that one gets relief from all kinds ofgriefjust by touching these pillars. I Land measuring 165 ghumaons is attached to the gurdwara. The priest is a Siki1. ~ [jabri] adj belonging to Jambar subcaste. "sabegs:rgh jabri."-GPS. 2 of Jambar village. 3 See~. ~ [jabal] Skt~ n mud, sludge, mortar of mud. 2 scented liquid prepared from pandanus odoratissimus. till [jabu] Skt ~ n a kind of plum and its tree. tfvcr [jabuk]" 'i'f7g [jabuku] Skt ~ n scented liquid. 2 gu1ab jamun, an Indian sweet. 3 jackal. "s:rgh saran kat jaiE jau jabuku grasE."-brla
sCldhna.

rn

lit is learnt that these pillars do llOt exist llOW.

Skt ~'\cftq according to Bhagwat, the earth is one ofthe seven islands, surrounded by saline ocean. This name of the earth is deJrived from the fact that there is a large tree of plum on it, on which the fruit that grows is of the size of an elephant. When this fruit falls down on ripening, river Jambu river flows from the juice. This island has come out in this river, hence this name. The dimension ofthe Jambudvip is one lac yojans. It has nine regions of nine thousand yojans each. These regions are also named as var~. These are IlavrIt, ramyak, hIral).may, kuruvar~, harIvar~, k:rpuru~, bharat, bhadra~ and ketumal. Scholars visualise Asia as a Jambudeep. ~ [jabudvip] See ~. ~ [jabur] See ~. 4 [jabu] See ;:I-g and tl1j. ~ [jabua] n a kind of dagger. See ~. '~jabua aru bana sukas kamana."-ramav. t.i'~Q [zabur] P .JK) n wasp, yellow hornet. "vIchohe jabur."-var guj 2 m 5. 2 tongs, foreceps; plier. ~ [zaburak] P ~K) n light cannon; cannon mounted on camel back; tong. ~ [jabura] See~. 2 juggler's assistant; acrobat. ~ [jabul] SkI n a kind of plum tree, cerasus corn uta, svzygium cumini. 2 a plant-flowers

;:f~tfu.r [jabudip]

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and scent of which scented liquid is prepared.

~ [j;jbuva] See ~ and R~ [jabh] Skt \Jfl='>-T n molar, grindertooth.

manages all this.

~ [j;jbhri]

ifu - mIT; killer of demon JambhDurga. See ifu 5. 2 pointed tooth between molar and other teeth, ~ [jabhai] See tfu<!". 2 n yawn. Skt ~. poker. 3 son of Prahilad. 4 father of ~ [jabhasur] ifu-))j"IJO, demon Jambh. See

tfTw.

Mahikhasur, who was killed by Indar. "fdr jIm ;:@". jabh par."-bhu$al).. 5 son of demon 'fi"fimr [jabhIka] Skt f\:f~ goddess of sloth. Hiranyakshipu, who was killed by goddess 2 See ifu 5 and ~ ~"ACir:r 6 ch. 4. Durga. "namo abIka jabh-ha jotIrupa."-cac;fi ~ [j;jbhua] n dagger in the shape of molar (tooth). See;:fg 2. In Sanskrit literature its name 2. 6 in Ramavtar, name of a demon, who was killed by Ram Chandar. "vyadh jityo jInE jabh is mentioned as jrfbhak. See ~. maryo unE." -rama v. ffi.r [j;jm] Skt ROlf. "jara j;jmahI aroah." -savEye ~ [jabh-ha] killer of demon Jambh, Indar. m 4 ke. 'You are riding the cycle of old age and rebirth.' i.e., not controlled by six See ifu 4.2 Durga. See ifu 5. 3 Ram Chandar. See ifu 6. distresses. ~ [j;jbhka] See ~. 'fi1.rc!" [j;jma:t:\l v take birth; be born. "j;jmIa putu ~ [j;jbha:t:\] (Skt "fPl\ vr yawn). Skt ~ n bhagatu gobfd ka."-asa m 5. act ofyawning. "devdatt jabh:t:\e ki."-NP. 'for ~ [j;jma:t:\khera] Guru Gobind Singh visited this village when he came from Anandpur on a taking life saving devdatt-yawn.' 2 Skt \if1"liUT crush, to destroy. hunting expedition. "j;jma:t:\khere ke QhIg gae. [j;jbhar] a village under police station SaraiSIkh ba:t:\jare pIkh tahf Iae."-GPS. Mughal tehsil Chunian district Lahore, situated ~cft [j;jma:t:\ghutti] See ~ and lifcft. five miles to the north of Chhanga Manga RHC!" lRJ'a" a'T lJ'l'1" [jam~m mara:t:\ ka mul] n railway station. A gurdwara in memory ofGuru ignorance. "jama:t:\ mar,:l:t:\ ka muI katiE ta sukh mItu."-sava m 3. hovi Arjan Dev has been built in this village. There were two brothers Jatd and Jambhar, who ~ [j;jmau:t:\a] v give birth, bear a child. were devoted followers of Guru Arjan Dev. A 2 produce. "hOI kIrsa:t:\u imanu jamaIIE." dispute arose between them over the -sri m 1. demarcation oftheir territories. Jatri's faction ffij [j;jmu] See -;::!-g. 2 a hill State, which includes Kashmir also. The area of Jammu State is was weaker and some persons belonging to 84,258 square miles and its population is his group got killed. Both the parties requested 3,320,518. It has annual revenue of rupees two the Guru to settle the dispute for ever. The crores and twenty seven lacs. The present ruler Guru persuaded them and divided the land ofJammu and Kashmir isSir Hari Singh, who between them in a fair manner. Both the is a descendant of raja Gulab Singh Dogra, a brothers founded Jambhar and Jatri villages servant of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. See ~ after their names. fR'ur 5.3 capital ofJammu State, 25 miles from An elegant gurdwara has been constructed Sialkot. As mentioned in Guru Nanak Prakash, where Guru Granth Sahib is daily displayed Guru Nanak Dev visited this place. "tat chIn and recited. Fifty acres of land is allotted to jamupur mahf ae."-uttraradh a 3. the gurdwara. A local village committee

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tfH [jamEl born, took birth. "jame mare TId ave

jaI."-basat ill 3.

antipyretic. See ~. if5 [jval] Skt ~ vr light, burn, shine. 2 n fire. 3 flame (of fire). 4 flash, light. if'li)c') [jvalan] Skt n burning, inflammation. 2 fire. 3 flame, flash. if'ffid' [jvalI t], trrfo [jvalat] Skt ad} burnt. 2 flashing. if8" [jvab] See ~. "sake jvab de na hane sur lajja."-VN. ifd' [jvar] See~. "huto jvar ko taM kIdar." -GPS. 2 tidal wave, tide. See ~. ifdiiliGi [jvarbhata], ~ [jvarbhatha] n A ../,J/7. ebb and flow of water in the ocean caused by gravitational pull of the sun, moon and earth; ebb and flow of a tide. if"1'5' [jval] , tIw [jvala] Skt n flame of fire. 2 fire. ifrz;rT& [jvallach] n tIw [jvala]-~ [ak~I] a demon with firy eye. 2 flame emanating from the eye. "ta dhumrach jvallacch ki s6 jarayo." -carItr 1. 'With your wrathful glance you reduced Dhumrnain to ashes.' ~'M'<i'l [jvaladevi] holy place of a goddess in lehsil Haripur of district Kangra, situated 22 miles to the south ofKangra and II miles to the north-west of Nadaun. In these mountains, gas comes out and undergoes combustion after coming in contact with fire. This name is due to these flames. According to an article written by Tantar Churamani, the tongue of goddess Sati fell here. See F!3T 8 and tfu5" 4. It is also named as Jawalamukhi. While on preaching expedition, Guru Nanak Dev visiited this place. A gurdwara has been built in memory of his arrival. Jawalamukhi temple is at a height of 1882 feet above the sea level. ~ [jvalabaml).i] See ~. ~[jvalamukh] an opening for fire; crater;
~ [jvaraku~]

[jy] See tn:il". 2 Skt ad} troublesome, incovenient. ffiIT [jya] Skt n string of bow. See ft:r<r. 2 earth. 3 mother. t.l0ll 1d9 [zyadti] P JJV n excess, unjust treatment. t.f.iI1T [zyada] A ~JV advexcessively, abundantly. 'ffiITi'i [jyan] Skt oppression, atrocity. 2 P 011 loss, damage, harm. ~ [jyafat] See tIlST':G3". ~ [jyamIti] Skt n measurement of earth, science dealing with dimensions of the earth; geometry. 'fr.ilT63" [jyarat] See ~. ~ [jyutI] Skt n light, lamp. ~ [jye~t], ~ [jye~th] See RRc and ;~. ffir [jya] advas, in the manner of, as though, as if. trltd"R"i'iT [jyotsana] Skt \i'lll~~Fn n moonlight. 2 moonlit night. 3 lustre, brilliance, shine. ffiifo [jyotI] See RE. "jyotJ: sacCIda nad."-NP. ~ [jyotIS] See Rf3t:r. A:ilfaHd [jyotISar] See crft3r 3 and it:IDN. A:ilfadfMdl [jyotnlfg] Skt'~:::r Ont: whose copulating organ is radiant, Mahadeva (Shiv). 2 miraculous Ifg or penis. See M~'dT and
~fRw.

ffita" [jyor] n rope, lasso. 2 bowstring. "jyor su

locan bhJhan Ie dhanu."-krrsan. 'Beautiful eyes are bowstrings and eyebrows are arrows.' iiid' [jyat] See Atf3". ftf91" [jrfbha] yawn. See ~. ~ [jvar] Skt ~ vr have fever, suffer from fever, run fever. 2 n fever. See 3"1.f. ~ [jvarghna] Skt n antipyretic agent, which cures fever. 2 cactus plant bitter in taste. 3 that which counteracts fever. 4 medicine like quinine, which relieves from fever. 5 ad}

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that part ofa mountain from where the volcano on Barran Island, are termed as volcanic. erupts. Vesuvias and Itna mountains in Italy are very ~l:Il [javalamukhi] See ~11'S'<il. 2 a city dreadful volcanos. The cause of earthquakes flourishing near the temple of Jawalamukhi in Japan, Java etc. is traced to such volcanic Devi. 3 a mountain, where the temple of mountains. Jawalamukhi is situated. The height of its peak ~ [jvalavmal).il, ~ [jvalavamni] n emitting fire cannon or gun.-s<'Inama. is 3284 ft. 4 See ~ tRJa3". ijTlift [jvali] n gun which emits fire.-s<'Inama. ~ tRJa3" [jvalamukhi parbat] n a mountain from which fire erupts; volcano. All those See ~. 2 goddess Kali, who spews fire from her mouth. "nacat !?IV ji hasti jvali." mountains, in which the inflammable objects catch fire, and hot water, flames offire, melted -k<'llki. 3 SkI ~ fire. "duhu or cali. uthi jag jvali."-GPS. 4 Shiv, who has fire in his objects and gases of many kinds erupt, are called volcanic. They cause several types of third eye. i!r [jy] Skt ~. I turbulences like earthquakes etc. In India, Kangra mountains, on which fITO [jyanl See f'cnnfro. Jawaladevi temple is situated and a mountain ~ [jyani] See fuJfto1.

All words beginning with ~ (ilr) should have been written here but as per the old convention, we have written them under or as Ol'f.

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